For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Monday, December 11, 2017 USDL-17-1641

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2017

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.0 million on the last business day of October, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires increased to 5.6 million and 

separations were little changed at 5.2 million. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs and 

discharges rate were little changed at 2.2 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of October, there were 6.0 million job openings, little changed from 

September. Job openings have been at or near record high levels since June. The job openings rate was 

3.9 percent in October. The number of job openings edged down for total private and was little changed 

for government. Job openings increased in accommodation and food services (+94,000), construction

(+48,000), and real estate and rental and leasing (+40,000). Job openings decreased in wholesale trade 

(-90,000), finance and insurance (-47,000), information (-32,000), and nondurable goods manufacturing 

(-26,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires increased to 5.6 million in October (+232,000), and the hires rate was 3.8 percent. 

The number of hires increased to 5.2 million for total private (+247,000) and was little changed for

government. At the industry level, the number of hires increased in other services (+55,000) and health 
- 2 -

care and social assistance (+45,000). Hires decreased for state and local government, excluding 

education (-32,000). The number of hires increased in the Northeast region. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.2 million in October. The total separations rate 

was 3.5 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 

Total separations increased in finance and insurance (+40,000) and in mining and logging (+11,000). 

Total separations decreased in accommodation and food services (-78,000), information (-32,000), and 

state and local government, excluding education (-21,000). The number of total separations decreased in 

the Northeast region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was unchanged at 3.2 million in October. The quits rate was 2.2 percent. The 

number of quits was little changed for total private, for government, and in all industries. In the regions, 

the number of quits increased in the South and decreased in the Midwest. (See table 4.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in October, little changed from September. The layoffs 

and discharges rate was 1.1 percent in October. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed 

for total private and for government. The layoffs and discharges level increased in finance and insurance 

(+37,000) and in mining and logging (+7,000). Layoffs and discharges decreased in construction

(-69,000) and in state and local government, excluding education (-15,000). The number of layoffs and 

discharges decreased in the Northeast region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations edged up in October to 367,000. Other separations edged up for total 

private and was little changed for government. Other separations increased in professional and business 

services (+53,000), construction (+20,000), and educational services (+5,000). Other separations 

decreased in information (-9,000). The number of other separations increased in the South region. (See 

table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in October, hires totaled 64.3 million and 

separations totaled 62.2 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.1 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for November 2017 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, January 9, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,587 6,177 5,996 5,200 5,320 5,552 5,041 5,244 5,178

Total private....................................... 5,103 5,650 5,462 4,870 4,976 5,223 4,699 4,910 4,852

Mining and logging1............................ 12 20 21 28 28 34 30 23 34

Construction1................................... 196 179 227 343 389 377 322 378 346

Manufacturing.................................. 314 435 402 279 329 345 282 315 308

Durable goods1.............................. 199 262 255 161 189 201 159 179 174

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 115 173 147 118 140 143 123 136 134

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,021 1,147 1,010 1,083 1,035 1,046 1,049 977 1,013

Wholesale trade1............................ 185 219 129 128 139 162 122 122 143

Retail trade................................... 650 691 655 740 689 679 732 668 682

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 186 238 226 214 208 204 196 187 189

Information1

..................................... 74 113 81 72 78 74 76 96 64

Financial activities.............................. 317 384 377 170 189 227 161 180 229

Finance and insurance..................... 242 307 260 104 121 146 99 116 156

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 75 77 117 66 68 81 62 64 73

Professional and business services......... 1,083 1,171 1,083 1,092 1,150 1,151 1,051 1,119 1,090

Education and health services............... 1,161 1,133 1,126 638 627 680 592 600 627

Educational services1

....................... 107 96 100 75 87 94 73 74 86

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,054 1,037 1,026 563 541 586 520 525 541

Leisure and hospitality........................ 731 770 852 986 961 1,047 966 1,020 922

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 96 88 76 159 146 160 155 159 139

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 636 682 776 827 815 886 811 861 783

Other services1................................. 194 297 284 180 188 243 170 202 219

Government....................................... 484 527 535 330 344 330 342 334 326

Federal1

......................................... 74 75 86 41 38 42 35 37 39

State and local................................. 410 453 448 289 306 287 307 297 287

State and local education.................. 126 173 165 118 138 150 136 129 140

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 284 280 283 171 169 137 170 168 147

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.5

Total private....................................... 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.9

Mining and logging1

............................ 1.7 2.7 2.8 4.3 3.9 4.7 4.5 3.1 4.7

Construction1

................................... 2.8 2.5 3.2 5.1 5.6 5.4 4.8 5.5 5.0

Manufacturing.................................. 2.5 3.4 3.1 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.5

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.5 3.3 3.2 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.2

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.4 3.6 3.0 2.6 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.9 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.6 4.0 3.6 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7

Wholesale trade1

............................ 3.0 3.6 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.1 2.4

Retail trade................................... 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.2 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.3

Information1

..................................... 2.6 4.0 2.9 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.7 3.5 2.4

Financial activities.............................. 3.7 4.3 4.3 2.0 2.2 2.7 1.9 2.1 2.7

Finance and insurance..................... 3.8 4.7 4.0 1.7 1.9 2.3 1.6 1.9 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.4 3.4 5.0 3.1 3.1 3.7 2.9 2.9 3.3

Professional and business services......... 5.1 5.3 4.9 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.2

Education and health services............... 4.8 4.7 4.6 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7

Educational services1

....................... 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.2 5.0 5.0 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.5 4.6 5.1 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.2 6.4 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.1 3.7 3.2 7.1 6.4 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.5 4.8 5.4 6.1 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.3 5.7

Other services1

................................. 3.3 4.9 4.7 3.2 3.2 4.2 3.0 3.5 3.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Government....................................... 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 2.6 2.6 3.0 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4

State and local................................. 2.1 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,587 6,116 6,140 6,090 6,177 5,996 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,103 5,545 5,625 5,584 5,650 5,462 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2

Mining and logging3

....................... 12 22 24 25 20 21 1.7 3.0 3.2 3.4 2.7 2.8

Construction3............................... 196 212 237 230 179 227 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.5 3.2

Manufacturing.............................. 314 419 414 435 435 402 2.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.1

Durable goods3

.......................... 199 232 207 248 262 255 2.5 2.9 2.6 3.1 3.3 3.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 115 187 207 187 173 147 2.4 3.9 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,021 1,027 1,074 1,116 1,147 1,010 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.6

Wholesale trade3

........................ 185 229 230 207 219 129 3.0 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.6 2.1

Retail trade............................... 650 615 618 643 691 655 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 186 183 226 266 238 226 3.2 3.1 3.9 4.5 4.0 3.8

Information3................................. 74 102 93 122 113 81 2.6 3.6 3.3 4.3 4.0 2.9

Financial activities......................... 317 353 362 341 384 377 3.7 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.3 4.3

Finance and insurance................. 242 285 279 267 307 260 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.7 4.0

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 75 68 83 74 77 117 3.4 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.4 5.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,083 1,171 1,088 1,037 1,171 1,083 5.1 5.4 5.0 4.7 5.3 4.9

Education and health services........... 1,161 1,203 1,164 1,191 1,133 1,126 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6

Educational services3

................... 107 92 144 104 96 100 2.9 2.5 3.8 2.8 2.6 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,054 1,111 1,020 1,087 1,037 1,026 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 731 819 839 859 770 852 4.5 4.9 5.0 5.1 4.6 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 96 90 84 80 88 76 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 636 729 755 778 682 776 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.4 4.8 5.4

Other services3

............................. 194 218 330 228 297 284 3.3 3.7 5.4 3.8 4.9 4.7

Government................................... 484 571 515 506 527 535 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3

Federal3

..................................... 74 101 83 66 75 86 2.6 3.5 2.9 2.3 2.6 3.0

State and local............................. 410 471 432 440 453 448 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2

State and local education.............. 126 154 155 146 173 165 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 284 317 277 294 280 283 3.0 3.4 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 983 1,059 1,119 1,102 1,066 983 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.5

South........................................... 1,978 2,234 2,243 2,125 2,174 2,096 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,278 1,467 1,378 1,520 1,595 1,550 3.8 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.5

West............................................ 1,349 1,356 1,400 1,343 1,342 1,368 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,200 5,432 5,521 5,420 5,320 5,552 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,870 5,102 5,175 5,079 4,976 5,223 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 28 33 35 36 28 34 4.3 4.6 5.0 5.0 3.9 4.7

Construction................................ 343 345 354 370 389 377 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.4

Manufacturing.............................. 279 324 353 359 329 345 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.8

Durable goods........................... 161 190 205 211 189 201 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.6

Nondurable goods....................... 118 134 148 148 140 143 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,083 1,057 1,023 1,029 1,035 1,046 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade......................... 128 134 145 149 139 162 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.7

Retail trade............................... 740 726 687 684 689 679 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 214 196 192 196 208 204 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6

Information.................................. 72 68 77 79 78 74 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.7

Financial activities......................... 170 205 206 213 189 227 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 104 132 137 135 121 146 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 66 74 69 78 68 81 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.1 3.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,092 1,191 1,200 1,123 1,150 1,151 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.5

Education and health services........... 638 644 669 662 627 680 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9

Educational services.................... 75 76 88 98 87 94 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 563 567 581 564 541 586 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 986 1,018 1,021 989 961 1,047 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 159 167 171 160 146 160 7.1 7.4 7.5 7.0 6.4 7.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 827 851 850 830 815 886 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.5

Other services.............................. 180 218 235 219 188 243 3.2 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.2 4.2

Government................................... 330 330 346 340 344 330 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 41 28 38 36 38 42 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5

State and local............................. 289 302 308 305 306 287 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 118 141 149 144 138 150 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 171 160 159 160 169 137 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.5

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 876 902 894 801 821 951 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.5

South........................................... 2,066 2,118 2,105 2,167 2,121 2,224 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,140 1,256 1,305 1,207 1,181 1,176 3.5 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.6

West............................................ 1,118 1,157 1,216 1,245 1,197 1,201 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,041 5,309 5,362 5,273 5,244 5,178 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,699 4,997 5,012 4,932 4,910 4,852 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9

Mining and logging......................... 30 25 29 27 23 34 4.5 3.5 4.0 3.7 3.1 4.7

Construction................................ 322 340 367 337 378 346 4.8 4.9 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.0

Manufacturing.............................. 282 315 320 301 315 308 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5

Durable goods........................... 159 182 181 172 179 174 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 123 133 139 128 136 134 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,049 1,063 1,015 1,020 977 1,013 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 122 131 150 157 122 143 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.4

Retail trade............................... 732 737 682 676 668 682 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 196 196 184 187 187 189 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Information.................................. 76 67 87 83 96 64 2.7 2.4 3.2 3.0 3.5 2.4

Financial activities......................... 161 200 200 212 180 229 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 99 130 125 131 116 156 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 62 70 75 81 64 73 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.7 2.9 3.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,051 1,182 1,127 1,059 1,119 1,090 5.2 5.7 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.2

Education and health services........... 592 619 616 633 600 627 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7

Educational services.................... 73 93 79 77 74 86 2.0 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 520 526 537 556 525 541 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 966 980 991 998 1,020 922 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.4 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 155 170 188 164 159 139 6.9 7.5 8.3 7.2 7.0 6.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 811 809 803 834 861 783 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.3 5.7

Other services.............................. 170 206 260 263 202 219 3.0 3.6 4.5 4.6 3.5 3.8

Government................................... 342 312 351 341 334 326 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 35 31 41 37 37 39 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4

State and local............................. 307 282 310 304 297 287 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local education.............. 136 131 156 141 129 140 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 170 150 154 162 168 147 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 796 865 886 872 900 787 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 2.9

South........................................... 1,951 2,164 2,173 2,007 2,009 2,131 3.7 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.0

Midwest........................................ 1,141 1,143 1,195 1,180 1,168 1,121 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4

West............................................ 1,153 1,138 1,108 1,213 1,167 1,139 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total............................................... 3,078 3,130 3,194 3,093 3,180 3,180 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,912 2,966 3,023 2,929 3,014 3,011 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

Mining and logging......................... 12 15 18 11 15 19 1.9 2.1 2.5 1.5 2.1 2.7

Construction................................ 127 135 141 140 154 172 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 165 197 191 185 189 192 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Durable goods........................... 88 108 109 98 107 105 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3

Nondurable goods....................... 76 90 82 86 81 87 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 681 641 662 639 619 673 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5

Wholesale trade......................... 73 74 91 85 82 101 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.7

Retail trade............................... 493 462 456 456 435 461 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 114 105 115 98 101 111 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.8 2.0

Information.................................. 42 37 58 46 55 44 1.5 1.4 2.1 1.7 2.0 1.6

Financial activities......................... 91 105 116 118 112 122 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

Finance and insurance................. 65 61 75 73 78 77 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 27 44 41 45 34 45 1.2 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.5 2.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 617 634 615 590 663 617 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.0

Education and health services........... 396 422 391 395 403 425 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8

Educational services.................... 43 49 42 47 43 42 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 353 373 349 349 360 383 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 668 648 666 639 675 630 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.2 3.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 69 63 66 60 48 58 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.1 2.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 600 585 601 579 627 572 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.2

Other services3

............................. 112 132 165 166 131 118 2.0 2.3 2.9 2.9 2.3 2.0

Government................................... 167 164 171 164 166 169 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8

Federal...................................... 12 14 14 15 15 14 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 155 151 157 149 151 154 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 75 76 81 75 69 75 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 80 75 75 73 82 80 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 434 458 445 447 434 433 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

South........................................... 1,229 1,281 1,372 1,205 1,273 1,375 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.6

Midwest........................................ 692 661 700 688 755 675 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1

West............................................ 723 730 677 752 718 697 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total............................................... 1,593 1,806 1,789 1,781 1,746 1,631 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,482 1,713 1,667 1,667 1,643 1,536 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2

Mining and logging3

....................... 11 7 8 13 6 13 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.9 0.9 1.9

Construction................................ 180 194 215 187 217 148 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.7 3.1 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 94 95 109 96 101 94 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 56 61 60 63 57 56 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 38 34 50 33 44 38 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 268 317 275 320 280 268 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0

Wholesale trade3

........................ 35 32 48 64 36 36 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.6 0.6

Retail trade............................... 167 208 171 178 171 170 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 66 77 56 78 72 62 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.1

Information.................................. 20 25 22 30 29 17 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.6

Financial activities......................... 54 63 62 60 44 82 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.0

Finance and insurance................. 22 42 31 28 19 56 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 32 22 31 31 26 26 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 377 488 436 395 432 395 1.9 2.4 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.9

Education and health services........... 162 153 170 179 150 159 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7

Educational services.................... 26 34 29 23 30 37 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 136 119 141 156 121 122 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 268 309 289 314 317 261 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 84 106 119 99 108 79 3.7 4.7 5.2 4.4 4.8 3.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 184 203 170 215 209 182 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.3

Other services.............................. 47 62 81 74 66 98 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.7

Government................................... 111 93 122 114 103 95 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

Federal...................................... 11 8 17 13 11 12 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 100 85 105 101 92 83 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local education.............. 39 33 51 41 34 40 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 61 52 54 60 58 43 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 299 345 360 360 412 299 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.1

South........................................... 576 730 676 654 632 601 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1

Midwest........................................ 362 408 421 409 335 361 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1

West............................................ 357 322 333 358 367 369 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total............................................... 370 373 379 398 318 367 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 305 318 321 335 252 305 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 6 3 2 2 2 1 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Construction3

............................... 15 12 11 10 6 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 23 23 20 20 26 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 15 13 12 11 15 13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 8 10 8 9 11 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 100 105 78 60 78 73 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 13 25 10 8 3 6 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Retail trade............................... 71 67 55 41 61 50 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 15 14 13 11 13 16 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information3................................. 14 5 7 7 12 3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1

Financial activities......................... 16 32 23 35 24 25 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 12 27 19 30 19 24 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 3 4 3 5 5 1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 56 60 75 74 25 78 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.4

Education and health services........... 34 44 55 59 46 43 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Educational services3................... 3 10 9 8 2 7 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 31 34 47 51 44 36 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 30 22 36 45 29 31 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 2 2 4 4 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 28 21 33 41 26 29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 11 12 13 23 5 3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1

Government................................... 64 55 58 63 66 62 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 13 8 9 10 11 12 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 52 46 49 53 55 50 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 23 23 24 24 27 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 29 23 24 29 28 24 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 63 61 81 66 54 55 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 147 154 126 148 104 154 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest........................................ 87 73 74 83 78 85 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

West............................................ 73 85 98 102 82 73 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,853 6,232 6,263 3.9 4.1 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,375 5,712 5,736 4.2 4.4 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 12 20 21 1.7 2.7 2.8

Construction....................................................... 196 179 227 2.7 2.5 3.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 314 435 402 2.5 3.4 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 199 262 255 2.5 3.3 3.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 115 173 147 2.4 3.5 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,102 1,274 1,103 3.9 4.5 3.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 185 219 129 3.0 3.5 2.1

Retail trade..................................................... 731 818 748 4.4 5.0 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 186 238 226 3.2 4.0 3.8

Information........................................................ 74 113 81 2.6 4.0 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 341 398 390 3.9 4.5 4.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 266 321 273 4.1 4.9 4.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 75 77 117 3.4 3.3 5.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,157 1,169 1,156 5.3 5.3 5.2

Education and health services.................................. 1,232 1,107 1,194 5.1 4.6 4.8

Educational services.......................................... 107 96 100 2.8 2.6 2.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,125 1,011 1,094 5.5 4.9 5.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 753 720 879 4.6 4.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 98 74 78 4.3 3.1 3.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 656 646 801 4.6 4.5 5.5

Other services.................................................... 194 297 284 3.3 4.9 4.7

Government.......................................................... 479 520 527 2.1 2.3 2.3

Federal............................................................. 74 75 86 2.6 2.6 3.0

State and local.................................................... 404 446 441 2.0 2.2 2.2

State and local education..................................... 121 166 158 1.1 1.6 1.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 284 280 283 3.0 3.0 3.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,035 1,104 1,027 3.7 3.9 3.6

South................................................................. 2,078 2,171 2,164 3.8 3.9 3.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,311 1,630 1,600 3.9 4.8 4.6

West.................................................................. 1,429 1,327 1,472 4.1 3.8 4.2

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,529 5,411 5,930 3.8 3.7 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,223 4,986 5,618 4.2 4.0 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 31 27 35 4.5 3.7 4.9

Construction....................................................... 344 356 380 5.0 5.0 5.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 285 341 351 2.3 2.7 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 156 192 196 2.0 2.5 2.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 129 149 155 2.8 3.2 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,342 1,063 1,299 4.9 3.9 4.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 133 141 171 2.3 2.4 2.9

Retail trade..................................................... 957 688 880 6.0 4.4 5.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 252 234 248 4.5 4.1 4.3

Information........................................................ 77 76 79 2.8 2.8 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 184 177 251 2.2 2.1 3.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 111 113 160 1.8 1.8 2.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 73 64 91 3.4 2.9 4.1

Professional and business services............................ 1,151 1,109 1,214 5.6 5.3 5.8

Education and health services.................................. 700 711 750 3.0 3.1 3.2

Educational services.......................................... 75 153 93 2.0 4.2 2.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 625 558 657 3.3 2.9 3.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 935 938 1,019 6.0 5.8 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 134 133 137 6.1 5.7 6.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 801 805 882 6.0 5.9 6.4

Other services.................................................... 174 188 239 3.0 3.3 4.1

Government.......................................................... 307 424 312 1.4 1.9 1.4

Federal............................................................. 39 35 44 1.4 1.3 1.6

State and local.................................................... 268 389 268 1.3 2.0 1.3

State and local education..................................... 114 240 148 1.1 2.3 1.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 154 149 120 1.7 1.6 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 926 905 1,003 3.4 3.3 3.7

South................................................................. 2,201 2,095 2,401 4.1 3.9 4.5

Midwest............................................................... 1,178 1,177 1,209 3.6 3.6 3.7

West.................................................................. 1,224 1,233 1,318 3.7 3.7 3.9

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,228 5,659 5,339 3.6 3.9 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,929 5,260 5,061 4.0 4.2 4.0

Mining and logging............................................... 31 25 36 4.6 3.5 5.0

Construction....................................................... 362 384 381 5.2 5.4 5.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 298 342 324 2.4 2.7 2.6

Durable goods.................................................. 160 192 176 2.1 2.5 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 139 150 148 3.0 3.2 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,049 962 1,012 3.8 3.5 3.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 137 127 159 2.3 2.1 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 716 660 666 4.5 4.2 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 196 175 187 3.5 3.1 3.3

Information........................................................ 77 97 65 2.8 3.6 2.4

Financial activities................................................ 166 173 233 2.0 2.0 2.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 98 111 157 1.6 1.8 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 68 62 76 3.1 2.8 3.4

Professional and business services............................ 1,076 1,125 1,117 5.2 5.4 5.3

Education and health services.................................. 578 618 613 2.5 2.7 2.6

Educational services.......................................... 51 75 59 1.4 2.1 1.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 527 543 555 2.7 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,119 1,310 1,058 7.2 8.2 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 212 302 195 9.7 13.0 8.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 907 1,008 864 6.7 7.3 6.3

Other services.................................................... 172 223 222 3.0 3.9 3.8

Government.......................................................... 299 399 278 1.3 1.8 1.2

Federal............................................................. 36 39 41 1.3 1.4 1.5

State and local.................................................... 263 360 237 1.3 1.8 1.2

State and local education..................................... 84 107 86 0.8 1.0 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 179 252 151 2.0 2.8 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 809 1,090 785 3.0 4.0 2.9

South................................................................. 2,023 2,070 2,197 3.8 3.9 4.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,193 1,240 1,167 3.7 3.8 3.5

West.................................................................. 1,203 1,258 1,190 3.6 3.7 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 3,209 3,377 3,332 2.2 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,064 3,201 3,184 2.5 2.6 2.5

Mining and logging............................................... 14 17 22 2.1 2.4 3.0

Construction....................................................... 139 161 190 2.0 2.3 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 173 203 204 1.4 1.6 1.6

Durable goods.................................................. 92 117 109 1.2 1.5 1.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 82 86 95 1.8 1.8 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 719 650 721 2.6 2.4 2.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 84 87 116 1.4 1.5 1.9

Retail trade..................................................... 511 458 482 3.2 2.9 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 125 104 123 2.2 1.8 2.2

Information........................................................ 44 58 46 1.6 2.1 1.7

Financial activities................................................ 94 111 127 1.1 1.3 1.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 67 78 82 1.1 1.2 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 27 34 45 1.2 1.5 2.0

Professional and business services............................ 656 667 662 3.2 3.2 3.1

Education and health services.................................. 395 419 430 1.7 1.8 1.8

Educational services.......................................... 34 48 31 0.9 1.3 0.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 361 371 398 1.9 1.9 2.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 716 784 666 4.6 4.9 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 72 64 58 3.3 2.8 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 644 719 608 4.8 5.2 4.4

Other services.................................................... 112 131 118 2.0 2.3 2.0

Government.......................................................... 146 176 148 0.6 0.8 0.7

Federal............................................................. 12 17 14 0.4 0.6 0.5

State and local.................................................... 134 159 134 0.7 0.8 0.7

State and local education..................................... 53 62 53 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 81 97 82 0.9 1.1 0.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 446 507 445 1.7 1.9 1.6

South................................................................. 1,258 1,302 1,421 2.4 2.4 2.6

Midwest............................................................... 742 812 726 2.3 2.5 2.2

West.................................................................. 764 755 740 2.3 2.2 2.2

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 1,672 1,972 1,662 1.1 1.3 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,568 1,810 1,579 1.3 1.5 1.3

Mining and logging............................................... 11 6 13 1.6 0.8 1.9

Construction....................................................... 208 216 165 3.0 3.0 2.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 103 115 99 0.8 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 54 61 54 0.7 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 48 54 45 1.0 1.1 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 235 234 228 0.9 0.9 0.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 35 36 36 0.6 0.6 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 144 140 145 0.9 0.9 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 56 57 47 1.0 1.0 0.8

Information........................................................ 19 28 15 0.7 1.0 0.6

Financial activities................................................ 56 40 82 0.7 0.5 1.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 19 16 52 0.3 0.3 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 37 24 30 1.7 1.1 1.3

Professional and business services............................ 365 435 373 1.8 2.1 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 149 153 141 0.6 0.7 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 14 25 20 0.4 0.7 0.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 135 128 121 0.7 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 373 497 362 2.4 3.1 2.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 138 234 135 6.3 10.1 6.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 235 263 227 1.7 1.9 1.7

Other services.................................................... 48 87 101 0.8 1.5 1.7

Government.......................................................... 104 162 83 0.5 0.7 0.4

Federal............................................................. 12 11 14 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local.................................................... 93 151 69 0.5 0.8 0.3

State and local education..................................... 19 24 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 74 127 49 0.8 1.4 0.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 300 521 288 1.1 1.9 1.1

South................................................................. 626 676 620 1.2 1.3 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 377 356 366 1.2 1.1 1.1

West.................................................................. 370 419 388 1.1 1.2 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 346 310 345 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 298 248 298 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 6 2 1 0.9 0.2 0.2

Construction....................................................... 15 6 26 0.2 0.1 0.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 22 24 22 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 14 14 13 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 11 8 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 95 79 63 0.3 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 18 4 7 0.3 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 61 62 40 0.4 0.4 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 15 13 16 0.3 0.2 0.3

Information........................................................ 14 12 3 0.5 0.4 0.1

Financial activities................................................ 15 22 24 0.2 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 12 18 23 0.2 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 3 5 1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 55 23 82 0.3 0.1 0.4

Education and health services.................................. 34 46 43 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 3 2 7 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 31 44 36 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 30 29 31 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 28 26 29 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 11 5 3 0.2 0.1 0.1

Government.......................................................... 48 62 47 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 12 12 13 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local.................................................... 36 50 34 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local education..................................... 11 21 13 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 25 29 21 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 63 61 52 0.2 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 139 93 156 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 75 73 75 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 69 83 62 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.