For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, May 21, 2014 USDL-14-0872

Technical Information: (202) 691-5618 • dipsweb@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lpc

Media Contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY: 

SELECTED SERVICE-PROVIDING AND MINING INDUSTRIES, 2012 

Labor productivity – defined as output per hour – rose in 48 percent of the 58 service-providing and 

mining industries studied in 2012, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was down 

from 60 percent in 2011. Unit labor costs, which reflect the total labor costs required to produce a unit 

of output, declined in 17 percent of the industries in 2012, compared to 31 percent in 2011. 

Output rose in more industries in 2012 than in any year since 2006, while hours rose in more industries 

than in any year since 2005. (See chart 1 and table 1.) Output increased in 39 of the 58 service-providing 

and mining industries studied, while hours rose in 34 industries. The percentage of industries where 

output increased but hours rose more than output was the highest since the series began in 1987. 

Chart 1. Number of service-providing and mining industries with increases in productivity, output and 

hours, 2005-2012

Labor compensation rose in 84 percent of the industries studied. Unit labor costs fell in 8 of 53 serviceproviding industries in 2012, down from 17 industries in 2011, and in 2 of the 5 mining industries. The 

industries with declines in unit labor costs all posted increases in productivity, which offset movements 

in hourly compensation. 

The latest productivity measures for industries presented here and for those in other sectors are available 

on the BLS Labor Productivity and Costs website at www.bls.gov/lpc/iprprodydata.htm. 

0

10

20

30

40

50

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Number of Industries

Productivity Output Hours

Industry Productivity Hours Series Changes

Beginning with this news release, labor hours for service-providing and mining industries represent 

hours worked. See Technical Note for more information about how hours worked are derived. 
Service-Providing Industries: Output per hour increased in 2012 in 26 of the 53 industries studied. In 

most of these industries, productivity rose as output growth was accompanied by declines or more 

modest increases in hours. Three industries posted double-digit productivity gains as a result: radio 

broadcasting; wireless telecommunications carriers; and photofinishing. 

In a few industries, productivity rose despite declining output, as hours were reduced even more than 

output: natural gas distribution; newspaper publishers; video tape and disc rental; photography studios, 

portrait; and funeral homes and funeral services. 

Productivity and cost measures are published in this release for the first time for four industries: water, 

sewage and other systems (NAICS 2213); offices of certified public accountants (NAICS 541211); golf 

courses and country clubs (NAICS 71391); and fitness and recreational sports centers (NAICS 71394). 

Productivity rose in 2012 in offices of certified public accountants and in golf courses and country clubs, 

but fell in water, sewage and other systems and in fitness and recreational sports centers. 

Mining Industries: Productivity rose in the overall mining sector in 2012, as output increased slightly 

more than hours. Output per hour also increased in two of the five detailed mining industries studied. 

Productivity rose sharply in support activities for mining, and also increased in nonmetallic mineral 

mining and quarrying. In both industries the gains in productivity offset increases in hourly 

compensation, reducing unit labor costs. 

Largest Industries: Chart 2 shows the range of productivity and unit labor cost changes in 2012 in the 

20 largest service-providing and mining industries studied. Output rose in all eight of the industries with 

productivity increases, led by support activites for mining, where strong output growth outpaced the 

increase in hours. Productivity fell the most in janitorial services, where modest output growth was met 

with a greater increase in hours. Unit labor costs increased in all except two of the industries: support 

activities for mining and wired telecommunications carriers. 

Chart 2. Percent change in labor productivity and unit labor costs in the largest (by employment) serviceproviding and mining industries, 2011-2012

-10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0

Support activities for mining

Air transportation

Drinking places, alcoholic beverages

Hair, nail, and skin care services

Wired telecommunications carriers

Offices of certified public accountants

Commercial banking

General warehousing and storage

Special food services

Hotels and motels, except casino hotels

Fitness and recreational sports centers

Power generation and supply

Full-service restaurants

Couriers and messengers

Limited-service eating places

General freight trucking, long-distance

Automotive repair and maintenance

Engineering services

Postal service

Janitorial services

Percent change

Productivity

Unit Labor Cost

2
Long-Term Trends: More industries posted productivity growth over the longer term than in 2012. 

Chart 3 contrasts the distribution of productivity changes during the 1987-2012 and 2007-2012 periods 

with those in the most recent year. Between 1987 and 2012 labor productivity increased in 79 percent of 

the detailed service-providing and mining industries studied, while between 2007 and 2012 it increased 

in 60 percent of the industries. In contrast, in 2012 productivity rose in less than half of the industries 

and productivity performance was more widely distributed: 26 percent of industries posted productivity 

declines of 4.0 percent or greater, while 24 percent posted productivity gains of 4.1 percent or more. 

Chart 3. Distribution of average annual percent change in labor productivity, 1987-2012, 2007-2012 and 

2011-2012

Revisions: The measures in this news release incorporate data from the 2012 Service Annual Survey 

published by the Census Bureau. The hours measures incorporate the annual benchmark revision of the 

BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey published in February 2014. For the first time, labor 

hours in this news release represent hours at work. Data on hours paid from the CES were adjusted using 

industry hours-worked to hours-paid ratios derived from National Compensation Survey (NCS) data. All 

of the measures for 2012 in this release are preliminary and subject to revision. 

Other: While the rates of change reported in this news release are rounded to one decimal place, all 

industry productivity percent changes are calculated using index numbers rounded to three decimal 

places. Year-to-year movements in industry productivity may be erratic, particularly in smaller 

industries. The annual measures based on sample data may differ from measures generated by a census 

of establishments in the industry. Annual changes in an industry’s output and use of labor may reflect 

cyclical changes in the economy as well as long-term trends. As a result, long-term productivity trends 

tend to be more reliable indicators of industry performance than year-to-year changes. The industries 

included in this release are classified according to the 2007 NAICS.

More detailed data for industries covered in this release and for additional industries are available on the 

BLS Labor Productivity and Costs website at www.bls.gov/lpc. Data include productivity and related 

indexes; rates of change; and levels of industry employment, hours, nominal value of production, and 

labor compensation. Additional information can be obtained by calling the Division of Industry 

Productivity Studies (202-691-5618) or by sending a request by e-mail to dipsweb@bls.gov. 

Information in this report will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: 202-691-5618; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. 

Customers can subscribe to the industry productivity program’s news releases on the BLS website at 

https://subscriptions.bls.gov/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. 

0

10

20

30

40

50

Percent of Industries

1987-2012

0

10

20

30

40

50

Average Annual Percent Change

2007-2012

0

10

20

30

40

50

2011-2012

3
Technical Note

Labor Productivity: The industry labor productivity measures describe the relationship between 

industry output and the labor time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to 

period in the amount of goods and services produced per hour. Although the labor productivity measures 

relate output to hours of all persons in an industry, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor 

or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including 

changes in technology; capital investment; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the use of 

purchased services inputs, including contract employment services; the organization of production; 

managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the workforce.

Output: Industry output is measured as an annual-weighted index of the changes in the various products 

or services (in real terms) provided for sale outside the industry. Real industry output is usually derived 

by deflating nominal sales or values of production using BLS price indexes, but for some industries it is 

measured by physical quantities of output. 

Industry output measures are constructed primarily using data from the economic censuses and annual 

surveys of the U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, together with information on price 

changes primarily from BLS. Other data sources include the Energy Information Administration, U.S. 

Department of Energy; the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation; the 

U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior; the U.S. Postal Service; the Postal Rate 

Commission; and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. 

Labor Hours: Labor hours reflect annual hours worked by all employed persons in an industry. Data on 

industry employment and hours come primarily from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

survey and Current Population Survey (CPS). CES data on the number of total and nonsupervisory 

worker jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments are supplemented with CPS 

self-employed and unpaid family worker data to estimate industry employment. Hours worked estimates 

are derived using CES and CPS employment, CES data on average weekly hours paid of nonsupervisory 

workers, CPS data on hours of supervisory, self-employed, and unpaid family workers, and ratios of 

hours-worked to hours-paid based on data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). For some 

industries, employment and hours data are supplemented or further disaggregated using data from the 

BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), the Census Bureau, or other sources. Other 

sources of employment and hours data for some service industries include the Association of American 

Railroads, the U.S. Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Postal Service. Hours worked are 

estimated separately for different types of workers and then are directly aggregated; no adjustments for 

labor composition are made. 

Unit Labor Costs: Unit labor costs represent the cost of labor required to produce one unit of output. 

The unit labor cost indexes are computed by dividing an index of nominal labor compensation by an 

index of real industry output. Unit labor costs also describe the relationship between compensation per 

hour and real output per hour (labor productivity). Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor 

costs; increases in labor productivity offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs. 

Labor Compensation: Labor compensation, defined as payroll plus supplemental payments, is a 

measure of the cost to the employer of securing the services of labor. Payroll includes salaries, wages, 

commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind. 

Supplemental payments include both legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary 

programs. The legally required portion consists primarily of Federal old age and survivors’ insurance, 

unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programs include all 

4
programs not specifically required by legislation, such as the employer portion of private health 

insurance and pension plans. Industry compensation measures are constructed primarily using data from 

the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and the economic censuses and annual 

surveys of the Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 

5
Table 1. Percent change in labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2011-2012

Industry NAICS

code

2012

Employment

(thousands)

Percent change, 2011-2012

Labor

productivity Output Hours Laborcompensation

Unit labor

costs

Mining Industries

Mining................................................................... 21 816.6 0.6 8.4 7.7 11.1 2.5

Oil and gas extraction................................................. 211 191.1 -5.8 12.2 19.1 14.2 1.7

Oil and gas extraction................................................. 2111 191.1 -5.8 12.2 19.1 14.2 1.7

Mining, except oil and gas............................................ 212 221.1 0.4 -2.2 -2.6 2.2 4.5

Coal mining............................................................. 2121 84.9 -0.3 -7.5 -7.2 -2.1 5.9

Metal ore mining....................................................... 2122 46.1 -7.2 0.6 8.4 11.0 10.4

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying.......................... 2123 90.1 5.9 3.0 -2.8 2.0 -0.9

Support activities for mining.......................................... 213 404.4 14.3 24.6 9.1 13.3 -9.1

Support activities for mining.......................................... 2131 404.4 14.3 24.6 9.1 13.3 -9.1

Utilities

Power generation and supply......................................... 2211 396.2 -1.5 -4.1 -2.6 -1.9 2.3

Natural gas distribution................................................ 2212 109.0 1.5 -0.7 -2.1 1.3 1.9

Water, sewage and other systems................................... 2213 47.6 -4.0 -4.0 0.0 -1.0 3.2

Transportation and Warehousing

Air transportation....................................................... 481 429.7 6.0 0.6 -5.0 4.9 4.3

Line-haul railroads..................................................... 482111 184.3 1.1 1.6 0.5 2.5 0.9

Truck transportation.................................................... 484 1,555.2 -1.3 3.3 4.7 7.8 4.3

General freight trucking................................................ 4841 1,114.1 -2.1 1.7 3.9 7.0 5.2

General freight trucking, local......................................... 48411 290.1 0.2 4.7 4.5 6.6 1.8

General freight trucking, long-distance............................... 48412 824.0 -2.6 1.0 3.7 7.0 6.0

Used household and office goods moving........................... 48421 90.5 -9.5 2.7 13.5 6.2 3.4

Postal service........................................................... 491 611.2 -4.1 -6.4 -2.4 -0.7 6.1

Postal service........................................................... 4911 611.2 -4.1 -6.4 -2.4 -0.7 6.1

Couriers and messengers............................................. 492 561.7 -1.6 -1.0 0.6 14.3 15.4

Warehousing and storage............................................. 493 690.4 2.2 7.0 4.7 8.0 0.9

Warehousing and storage............................................. 4931 690.4 2.2 7.0 4.7 8.0 0.9

General warehousing and storage................................... 49311 583.1 2.1 8.2 5.9 8.5 0.3

Refrigerated warehousing and storage.............................. 49312 52.2 2.3 1.1 -1.2 6.0 4.9

Information

Publishing............................................................... 511 782.1 0.6 0.8 0.2 4.9 4.1

Newspaper, book, and directory publishers......................... 5111 493.5 0.5 -2.9 -3.4 0.9 3.9

Newspaper publishers................................................. 51111 241.6 2.7 -2.1 -4.7 -3.4 -1.4

Periodical publishers................................................... 51112 121.6 2.3 0.4 -1.8 5.9 5.4

Book publishers........................................................ 51113 76.3 -2.3 -6.1 -3.8 6.5 13.3

Software publishers.................................................... 5112 288.6 -2.6 3.5 6.3 8.2 4.5

Motion picture and video exhibition.................................. 51213 128.3 6.5 6.4 -0.2 7.2 0.8

Broadcasting, except Internet......................................... 515 289.5 5.1 3.0 -2.0 6.3 3.2

Radio and television broadcasting................................... 5151 215.3 6.8 4.2 -2.5 8.6 4.2

Radio broadcasting.................................................... 51511 93.0 13.0 8.0 -4.4 10.5 2.3

Cable and other subscription programming......................... 5152 74.2 2.9 2.1 -0.8 1.9 -0.2

Wired telecommunications carriers................................... 5171 594.0 3.6 2.7 -0.8 -0.6 -3.2

Wireless telecommunications carriers................................ 5172 159.9 19.6 8.1 -9.6 11.0 2.7

Finance and Insurance

Commercial banking................................................... 52211 1,320.6 2.7 3.5 0.8 5.4 1.8

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

Passenger car rental................................................... 532111 107.2 -1.9 7.1 9.1 8.0 0.8

Truck, trailer and RV rental and leasing............................. 53212 59.6 -6.7 1.5 8.8 7.4 5.8

Video tape and disc rental............................................ 53223 29.8 22.5 -12.5 -28.6 -21.8 -10.6

Professional and Technical Services

Offices of certified public accountants............................... 541211 429.7 3.1 7.9 4.7 8.4 0.5

Tax preparation services.............................................. 541213 143.4 -2.8 -3.8 -1.0 9.4 13.6

Architectural services.................................................. 54131 174.9 0.9 0.1 -0.9 3.8 3.7

6
Table 1. Percent change in labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2011-2012 — Continued

Industry NAICS

code

2012

Employment

(thousands)

Percent change, 2011-2012

Labor

productivity Output Hours Laborcompensation

Unit labor

costs

Engineering services................................................... 54133 930.6 -4.0 -2.6 1.5 5.4 8.2

Advertising agencies................................................... 54181 199.1 5.9 10.7 4.6 7.6 -2.8

Photography studios, portrait......................................... 541921 69.3 4.7 -1.0 -5.4 -2.3 -1.3

Administrative and Waste Services

Employment placement agencies.................................... 561311 241.2 8.1 8.3 0.2 12.9 4.2

Travel arrangement and reservation services....................... 5615 221.2 -5.1 3.2 8.7 8.1 4.7

Travel agencies........................................................ 56151 101.5 -1.0 0.7 1.7 9.9 9.1

Janitorial services...................................................... 56172 1,305.3 -4.8 0.8 5.9 6.9 6.0

Health Care and Social Assistance

Medical and diagnostic laboratories.................................. 6215 254.2 -5.6 -1.0 4.9 6.7 7.8

Medical laboratories................................................... 621511 173.6 -5.0 -0.3 4.9 7.2 7.6

Diagnostic imaging centers........................................... 621512 80.6 -6.5 -2.1 4.8 6.1 8.4

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

Amusement and theme parks........................................ 71311 159.6 -11.6 -1.6 11.3 14.9 16.8

Golf courses and country clubs....................................... 71391 362.5 2.7 3.8 1.1 6.3 2.4

Fitness and recreational sports centers.............................. 71394 537.6 -1.2 3.4 4.6 7.4 3.9

Bowling centers........................................................ 71395 67.8 -5.6 -2.9 2.8 4.4 7.6

Accommodation and Food Services

Accommodation and food services................................... 72 12,079.6 -1.6 2.6 4.3 6.3 3.5

Accommodation........................................................ 721 1,854.1 -0.8 0.6 1.4 4.5 3.9

Traveler accommodation.............................................. 7211 1,776.8 -0.8 0.4 1.2 4.4 4.0

Hotels and motels, except casino hotels............................ 72111 1,482.4 -0.7 0.9 1.6 5.2 4.3

Food services and drinking places................................... 722 10,225.5 -1.5 3.4 5.0 6.8 3.4

Full-service restaurants................................................ 7221 4,805.7 -1.5 3.7 5.2 7.4 3.6

Limited-service eating places......................................... 7222 4,328.0 -2.2 3.1 5.3 6.3 3.2

Special food services.................................................. 7223 720.2 -0.5 4.1 4.7 5.5 1.3

Drinking places, alcoholic beverages................................ 7224 371.6 4.5 1.2 -3.1 8.1 6.8

Other Services

Automotive repair and maintenance................................. 8111 1,073.6 -3.9 1.3 5.3 9.9 8.5

Reupholstery and furniture repair.................................... 81142 20.9 -6.5 -1.6 5.2 8.4 10.2

Personal care services................................................ 8121 1,135.3 3.6 3.9 0.3 11.4 7.2

Hair, nail and skin care services..................................... 81211 935.4 4.0 2.8 -1.2 9.7 6.7

Funeral homes and funeral services................................. 81221 104.5 5.3 -0.4 -5.4 4.2 4.6

Drycleaning and laundry services.................................... 8123 328.7 -2.2 4.6 6.9 8.0 3.2

Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners........................... 81231 46.4 -13.5 0.5 16.2 16.2 15.5

Drycleaning and laundry services.................................... 81232 158.8 -9.8 -0.9 9.9 9.2 10.2

Linen and uniform supply............................................. 81233 123.5 9.1 10.5 1.3 5.5 -4.5

Photofinishing........................................................... 81292 13.5 20.4 10.2 -8.5 -14.0 -21.9

7
Table 2. Average annual percent change in labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 1987-2012

Industry NAICS

code

Average annual percent change, 1987-2012

Labor

productivity Output Hours Laborcompensation

Unit labor

costs

Mining Industries

Mining...................................................................................... 21 -0.5 0.4 0.9 5.5 5.0

Oil and gas extraction.................................................................... 211 0.1 0.3 0.2 5.8 5.5

Oil and gas extraction.................................................................... 2111 0.1 0.3 0.2 5.8 5.5

Mining, except oil and gas............................................................... 212 1.3 0.2 -1.0 2.3 2.1

Coal mining................................................................................ 2121 1.3 -0.5 -1.8 1.2 1.7

Metal ore mining.......................................................................... 2122 0.1 1.0 0.9 5.2 4.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying............................................. 2123 1.3 0.3 -1.0 2.5 2.2

Support activities for mining............................................................. 213 1.7 4.8 3.1 8.6 3.6

Support activities for mining............................................................. 2131 1.7 4.8 3.1 8.6 3.6

Utilities

Power generation and supply............................................................ 2211 1.7 0.5 -1.2 2.8 2.3

Natural gas distribution................................................................... 2212 2.6 1.2 -1.4 3.4 2.2

Water, sewage and other systems1

..................................................... 2213 -0.5 1.0 1.5 5.6 4.5

Transportation and Warehousing

Air transportation.......................................................................... 481 3.2 2.6 -0.6 2.9 0.3

Line-haul railroads........................................................................ 482111 3.8 2.0 -1.7 1.5 -0.4

Truck transportation1

..................................................................... 484 0.4 1.8 1.3 2.7 0.9

General freight trucking1

................................................................. 4841 1.1 2.3 1.1 3.2 0.9

General freight trucking, local1.......................................................... 48411 2.8 3.6 0.9 3.8 0.1

General freight trucking, long-distance................................................. 48412 1.2 2.2 1.0 2.4 0.2

Used household and office goods moving............................................. 48421 -1.6 -1.0 0.6 2.0 3.1

Postal service............................................................................. 491 0.7 -0.5 -1.3 2.9 3.5

Postal service............................................................................. 4911 0.7 -0.5 -1.3 2.9 3.5

Couriers and messengers................................................................ 492 -0.8 1.1 1.9 4.9 3.8

Warehousing and storage1

............................................................... 493 2.7 5.9 3.0 5.3 -0.5

Warehousing and storage1

............................................................... 4931 2.7 5.9 3.0 5.3 -0.5

General warehousing and storage1

..................................................... 49311 4.9 8.1 3.0 5.8 -2.1

Refrigerated warehousing and storage1

................................................ 49312 -0.3 2.9 3.2 4.4 1.4

Information

Publishing.................................................................................. 511 3.8 3.4 -0.3 4.9 1.4

Newspaper, book, and directory publishers............................................ 5111 0.1 -1.8 -1.9 2.1 4.0

Newspaper publishers.................................................................... 51111 -1.0 -3.8 -2.8 0.5 4.4

Periodical publishers...................................................................... 51112 0.6 -0.1 -0.7 3.8 3.8

Book publishers........................................................................... 51113 -0.3 -0.8 -0.5 4.4 5.2

Software publishers....................................................................... 5112 12.5 19.1 5.9 11.3 -6.6

Motion picture and video exhibition..................................................... 51213 1.8 1.8 0.1 3.4 1.6

Broadcasting, except Internet............................................................ 515 2.2 2.6 0.4 4.6 1.9

Radio and television broadcasting...................................................... 5151 1.3 0.8 -0.5 3.3 2.5

Radio broadcasting....................................................................... 51511 3.5 2.5 -1.0 3.9 1.4

Cable and other subscription programming............................................ 5152 3.8 7.3 3.3 10.1 2.6

Wired telecommunications carriers...................................................... 5171 4.3 3.3 -1.0 1.9 -1.3

Wireless telecommunications carriers.................................................. 5172 10.9 20.3 8.5 12.0 -6.9

Finance and Insurance

Commercial banking...................................................................... 52211 3.6 3.6 0.0 5.5 1.9

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

Passenger car rental..................................................................... 532111 2.4 2.8 0.4 4.9 2.0

Truck, trailer and RV rental and leasing................................................ 53212 2.5 1.9 -0.6 3.1 1.1

Video tape and disc rental............................................................... 53223 6.7 0.7 -5.6 -1.6 -2.4

Professional and Technical Services

Offices of certified public accountants2

................................................. 541211 1.9 2.3 0.5 5.3 2.9

Tax preparation services................................................................. 541213 0.5 2.4 1.9 4.5 2.0

Architectural services..................................................................... 54131 1.3 1.9 0.7 4.1 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.

8
Table 2. Average annual percent change in labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data,

1987-2012 — Continued

Industry NAICS

code

Average annual percent change, 1987-2012

Labor

productivity Output Hours Laborcompensation

Unit labor

costs

Engineering services..................................................................... 54133 0.7 2.4 1.7 6.1 3.5

Advertising agencies...................................................................... 54181 2.4 2.8 0.4 4.7 1.9

Photography studios, portrait............................................................ 541921 0.9 1.6 0.8 3.5 1.9

Administrative and Waste Services

Employment placement agencies3

...................................................... 561311 6.2 7.1 0.8 6.0 -1.0

Travel arrangement and reservation services2

......................................... 5615 6.6 3.5 -2.9 1.6 -1.8

Travel agencies........................................................................... 56151 5.6 4.0 -1.5 3.3 -0.6

Janitorial services......................................................................... 56172 1.8 3.4 1.6 5.2 1.7

Health Care and Social Assistance

Medical and diagnostic laboratories3

................................................... 6215 2.4 5.7 3.3 6.0 0.2

Medical laboratories3

..................................................................... 621511 2.2 5.4 3.2 5.5 0.1

Diagnostic imaging centers3............................................................. 621512 2.7 6.3 3.6 7.0 0.7

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

Amusement and theme parks........................................................... 71311 -0.9 2.2 3.1 6.4 4.1

Golf courses and country clubs4

........................................................ 71391 -0.7 0.0 0.7 4.2 4.2

Fitness and recreational sports centers4

............................................... 71394 4.9 3.9 -1.0 2.6 -1.2

Bowling centers........................................................................... 71395 0.0 -1.7 -1.7 1.1 2.8

Accommodation and Food Services

Accommodation and food services...................................................... 72 0.8 2.1 1.3 5.0 2.9

Accommodation........................................................................... 721 1.7 2.3 0.6 4.5 2.2

Traveler accommodation................................................................. 7211 1.7 2.3 0.6 4.6 2.2

Hotels and motels, except casino hotels............................................... 72111 1.0 1.6 0.6 4.6 3.0

Food services and drinking places...................................................... 722 0.5 2.0 1.5 5.2 3.1

Full-service restaurants................................................................... 7221 0.5 2.1 1.6 6.0 3.8

Limited-service eating places............................................................ 7222 0.5 2.2 1.7 5.0 2.7

Special food services..................................................................... 7223 1.4 2.4 1.0 3.7 1.3

Drinking places, alcoholic beverages................................................... 7224 -0.1 -0.7 -0.5 2.6 3.3

Other Services

Automotive repair and maintenance.................................................... 8111 0.9 1.2 0.3 3.6 2.4

Reupholstery and furniture repair....................................................... 81142 -0.8 -3.3 -2.4 0.5 3.8

Personal care services................................................................... 8121 2.3 3.4 1.0 5.2 1.7

Hair, nail and skin care services........................................................ 81211 2.3 3.0 0.7 4.9 1.9

Funeral homes and funeral services.................................................... 81221 -0.4 -0.5 -0.1 3.7 4.2

Drycleaning and laundry services....................................................... 8123 1.5 0.6 -0.9 2.6 2.0

Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners.............................................. 81231 1.8 0.4 -1.4 2.7 2.3

Drycleaning and laundry services....................................................... 81232 0.7 -1.1 -1.7 1.3 2.4

Linen and uniform supply................................................................ 81233 1.5 2.2 0.6 4.0 1.8

Photofinishing............................................................................. 81292 3.5 -3.7 -6.9 -2.9 0.8

1 For NAICS industries 2213, 484, 4841, 48411, 493, 4931, 49311, and 49312, average annual percent changes are for 1992-2012.

2 For NAICS industries 541211 and 5615, average annual percent changes are for 1997-2012.

3 For NAICS industries 561311, 6215, 621511, and 621512, average annual percent changes are for 1994-2012.

4 For NAICS industries 71391 and 71394, average annual percent changes are for 2002-2012.

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