For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, May 11, 2010 USDL-10-0643

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2010

There were 2.7 million job openings on the last business day of March 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics reported today. The job openings rate was unchanged over the month at 2.0 percent. The hires 

rate (3.3 percent) was little changed, and the separations rate (3.1 percent) was unchanged in March. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the 

total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. 

Job Openings

The number of job openings was little changed in March at 2.7 million but has trended upward since the 

most recent trough of 2.3 million in July 2009. The job openings level was little changed in March for 

all industries and all four regions. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings in March was little different from 12 months earlier for total nonfarm, total 

private, government, most industries, and in 3 of the 4 regions over the year. The level increased in the 

West over the year. (See table 5.) 

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

April 2007 - March 2010

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the 

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

April 2007 - March 2010

Hires

Separations

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the 

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.
- 2 - 

Hires

The hires rate was little changed in March at 3.3 percent. The rate has remained between 3.0 percent and 

3.3 percent since September 2008. The hires rate was little changed in March for most industries and 3 

of the 4 regions; the rate increased in the South. (See table 2.) 

Over the 12 months ending in March, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) increased for total nonfarm, 

total private, and government. The hires rate was little changed in most industries. The hires rate

increased in the Midwest and was little changed in the remaining regions over the year. (See table 6.) 

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total ......................................................2,671 2,647 2,694 3,935 4,011 4,242 4,710 3,969 4,016

Total private 1....................................... 2,227 2,266 2,286 3,670 3,710 3,887 4,444 3,663 3,698

Construction....................................... 55 65 77 314 306 398 458 362 376

Manufacturing.................................... 120 167 176 248 267 279 413 260 251

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2......... 425 453 473 863 821 901 1,011 806 873

Retail trade..................................... 266 297 314 564 572 649 649 551 626

Professional and business services......... 413 409 420 640 767 742 782 716 708

Education and health services............... 513 502 510 469 470 473 470 440 424

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 291 285 262 697 652 671 756 621 639

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 25 19 20 90 88 100 101 78 98

Accommodation and food services...... 266 266 242 607 564 571 655 543 540

Government 3..................................... 444 381 408 265 301 355 266 306 318

 State and local government.................. 269 246 265 241 258 265 248 273 279

Total ...................................................... 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.1 3.1

Total private 1....................................... 2.0 2.1 2.1 3.4 3.5 3.6 4.1 3.4 3.4

Construction....................................... 0.9 1.2 1.4 5.0 5.5 7.1 7.3 6.5 6.7

Manufacturing.................................... 1.0 1.4 1.5 2.0 2.3 2.4 3.4 2.3 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2......... 1.7 1.8 1.9 3.4 3.3 3.6 4.0 3.3 3.5

Retail trade.................................... 1.8 2.0 2.1 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.4 3.8 4.3

Professional and business services......... 2.4 2.4 2.5 3.8 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.3

Education and health services............... 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 2.2 2.1 2.0 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.8 4.8 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 1.3 1.0 1.1 4.7 4.6 5.3 5.2 4.1 5.2

Accommodation and food services...... 2.3 2.3 2.1 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.8 4.9 4.9

Government 3..................................... 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.4

 State and local government.................. 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not show n separately.

 2 Includes w holesale trade and transportation, w arehousing, and utilities, not show n separately.

 3 Includes federal government, not show n separately.

 p = preliminary.

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)
- 3 - 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary 

separations), and other separations (including retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate was

unchanged in March for total nonfarm and remained low at 3.1 percent. The rate was also unchanged

over the month for total private and government. The total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) 

decreased over the 12 months ending in March for total nonfarm and total private, while the rate for 

government increased. (See tables 3 and 7.)

The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. In March, the 

quits rate remained unchanged for total nonfarm (1.4 percent) and total private (1.6 percent) while the 

rate for government was little changed (0.5 percent). The rate was little changed over the month for all 

industries and regions. (See table 4.) 

Over the 12 months ending in March, the quits rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government as well as in every industry and region. (See table 8.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed in March for 

total nonfarm (1.8 million), total private (1.7 million), and government (132,000). (See table B below.)

The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) fell over the 12 months ending in March for

total nonfarm and total private, and was little changed for government. The layoffs and discharges rate

fell over the year in many industries and in 3 of the 4 regions—Midwest, South, and West. (See table 9.) 

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In March, there were 310,000 other separations 

for total nonfarm, 264,000 for total private, and 46,000 for government. Compared to March 2009, the 

number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and increased for

government. (See table 10.) 

The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm 

level attributable to the individual components has varied over time. The proportion of quits had 

exceeded the proportion of layoffs and discharges every month from the beginning of the series in

December 2000 until November 2008 when layoffs and discharges became the larger contributor to total 

separations. In April 2009, the proportion of quits hit a low of 39 percent and began to rise, while the 

proportion of layoffs and discharges hit a high of 56 percent and began to fall. In February 2010, the 

relative contribution reversed again with the proportion of quits (47 percent) slightly exceeding the 

Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total...............................................................2,462 1,823 1,830 1.9 1.4 1.4

Total private...................................................2,356 1,704 1,698 2.2 1.6 1.6

Government................................................... 106 119 132 0.5 0.5 0.6

 p = preliminary.

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates
- 4 - 

proportion of layoffs and discharges (46 percent). The proportions for quits and layoffs and discharges 

remained the same in March 2010. (Computed using values from tables 3 and 4, and table B above.) 

Net Change in Employment

Over the 12 months ending in March, hires totaled 48.6 million and separations totaled 50.9 million, 

yielding a net employment loss of 2.3 million.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for April 2010 are scheduled to be released

on Tuesday, June 8, 2010 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). 
Technical Note 

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from 

a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS). 

Collection 

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are 

collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data 

collection methods include computer-assisted telephone 

interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, e-mail, and mail. 

Coverage 

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm 

establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as 

well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 

50 states and the District of Columbia. 

Concepts 

 Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, 

State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and 

update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and 

ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year 

cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting 

from the verification process are always introduced into 

the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the 

first month of the year. 

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position 

exists and there is work available for that position, 2) 

work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a 

suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is 

actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill 

the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, 

including both new and rehired employees, full-time and 

part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal employees, 

employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting 

more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who 

returned to work after having been formally separated, 

and transfers from other locations. The hires count does 

not include transfers or promotions within the reporting 

site, employees returning from strike, employees of 

temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time during 

the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by 

employees (except for retirements, which are reported as 

other separations). Layoffs and discharges are 

involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings or 

other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or 

short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal 

employees. Other separations include retirements, 

transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to 

disability. Separations do not include transfers within the 

same location or employees on strike. 

 The separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and 

other separations rates are computed similarly, dividing 

the number by employment and multiplying by 100. 

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels 
of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, 

and total separations are released with the January news 

release each year. 

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. 

Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are 

rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, 

annual estimates are published only for not seasonally 

adjusted data. 

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job 

openings cannot be created by summing the monthly 

estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and 

are cumulated over the month with a total reported for the 

month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by 

summing the monthly estimates. 

Special Collection Procedures 

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting separations 

from hires for a given month. Aggregating these monthly 

changes historically produced employment levels that 

overstated employment change as measured by CES at the 

total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed 

that a significant amount of the divergence between the 

CES employment levels and the derived JOLTS 

employment levels was traceable to the Employment 

Services industry and to the State Government Education 

industry. In the former industry, businesses have a 

difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary 

help workers. In the latter industry, employers have 

difficulty reporting hires and separations of student 

workers. BLS now devotes additional resources to the 

collection, editing, and review of data for these 

industries. BLS analysts more closely examine reported 

data that do not provide a consistent picture over time, 

and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts 

work with the respondents to adjust their reporting 

practices as possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but 

are clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used, 

they are replaced by imputed values using standard 

techniques. 

Sample and estimation methodology 

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 

nonfarm business establishments, including factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local 

governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. 

The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 

million establishments compiled as part of the operations 

of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program. This program includes all employers 

subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and 

federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation 

for Federal Employees (UCFE). 

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units drawn 

on an annual basis. The full annual sample consists of one 

certainty panel composed of only large units selected with 

virtual certainty based on their size and 24 non-certainty 

panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is rolled 

into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is rolled 

out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample 

is constructed from panels from three different annual 

sampling frames. The entire sample of old plus new 

panels is post-stratified and re-weighted annually to 

represent the most recent sampling frame. Additionally, 

the out-of-business establishments are removed from the 

old panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample. 

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to 

JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all 

other JOLTS data elements. 

 JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model 

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. BLS has developed a 

model to estimate birth/death activity for current months 

by examining the birth/death activity from previous years 

on the QCEW and projecting forward to the present using 

an econometric technique known as X-12 ARIMA 

modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical 

JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. 

The model then combines the estimated churn with the 

projected employment change to estimate the number of 

hires and separations taking place in these units that 

cannot be measured through sampling. 
 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components – quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations - in proportion to their 

contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the modeled 

units are estimated by computing the ratio of openings to 

hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to the 

modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are then 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from the 

survey to arrive at the estimates for openings, hires, and 

separations. 

Seasonal adjustment 

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the 

X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal 

adjustment is the process of estimating and removing 

periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, 

holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. 

Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe 

fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly 

those associated with general economic expansions and 

contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment 

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, 

up to and including the data for the current month. 

Alignment procedure 

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to 

the CES net employment change. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and non-sampling errors 

between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to 

diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and 

improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and separations 

series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method. 

The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES 

employment trends to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS 

implied employment trend (hires minus separations) 

forcing them to be approximately the same, while 

preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the 

two series are seasonally adjusted and the difference 

between the JOLTS implied employment trend and the 

CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the 

JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the 

CES net employment change through a proportional 

adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 

percent of the churn for a given month, they will receive 

40 percent of the needed adjustment and separations will 

receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The adjusted 

hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally 

adjusted data by reversing the application of the original 

seasonal factors. After the monthly alignment method has 

been used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. The Monthly 

Alignment procedure assures a close match of the JOLTS 

implied employment trend with the CES trend. The CES 

series is considered a highly accurate measure of net 

employment change owing to its very large sample size 

and annual benchmarking to universe counts of 

employment from the QCEW program. 

Using JOLTS data 

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided 

into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full 

complement of panels for the original data series based on 

the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system 

was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 

2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed 

to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled 

until May 2003. The data collected up until those points 

are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates 

from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer 

sampled units were reporting data at that time. 

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and 

separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations 

estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be 

comparable to estimates for March 2002 and later. 

 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new 

Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the 

JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal 

government. The Office of Personnel Management's 

record shows these transfers were completed in March 

2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions 

of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing 

movements of workers between establishments. The 

Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a 

massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these 

intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal 

government time series. 

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal 

adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with 

autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal 

adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series 

and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Reliability of the estimates 

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire 

population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request. 

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation. 

Other information 

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-

8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p

Total......................................................2,671 2,546 2,456 2,531 2,854 2,647 2,694 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.0

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................2,227 2,164 2,113 2,130 2,471 2,266 2,286 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1

Construction.................................... 55 65 71 67 62 65 77 .9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4

Manufacturing................................. 120 141 155 171 154 167 176 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 425 363 334 378 395 453 473 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9

Retail trade................................. 266 228 207 237 255 297 314 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1

Professional and business services...... 413 436 425 404 424 409 420 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5

Education and health services............ 513 529 537 545 624 502 510 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.6

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 291 268 236 227 268 285 262 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 25 19 23 20 19 19 20 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1

Accommodation and food services... 266 249 214 207 250 266 242 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.1

Government 6....................................... 444 382 343 401 383 381 408 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8

State and local government............... 269 292 249 294 256 246 265 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 594 532 482 547 585 542 536 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1

South............................................. 988 915 859 943 986 916 942 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0

Midwest.......................................... 510 566 553 495 613 566 566 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9

West............................................. 562 605 586 603 648 682 680 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 7

 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 6 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 p = preliminary.

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p

Total......................................................3,935 4,001 4,160 3,997 4,087 4,011 4,242 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................3,670 3,689 3,878 3,715 3,790 3,710 3,887 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6

Construction.................................... 314 325 329 335 312 306 398 5.0 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.5 7.1

Manufacturing................................. 248 243 259 244 289 267 279 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 863 772 847 849 822 821 901 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.6

Retail trade................................. 564 518 554 547 584 572 649 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.5

Professional and business services...... 640 709 808 652 729 767 742 3.8 4.3 4.9 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.5

Education and health services............ 469 522 512 496 487 470 473 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 697 663 693 657 715 652 671 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 90 100 111 94 102 88 100 4.7 5.2 5.9 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.3

Accommodation and food services... 607 563 582 562 613 564 571 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.1 5.1

Government 6....................................... 265 312 282 282 297 301 355 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6

State and local government............... 241 271 247 254 254 258 265 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 699 805 758 746 836 733 837 2.8 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.4

South............................................. 1,424 1,420 1,555 1,463 1,449 1,381 1,596 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.4

Midwest.......................................... 910 949 896 900 936 965 1,030 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5

West............................................. 871 933 970 879 922 861 958 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.3

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 4,710 4,171 4,130 4,195 4,155 3,969 4,016 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 4,444 3,901 3,846 3,884 3,858 3,663 3,698 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4

Construction.................................... 458 381 347 382 405 362 376 7.3 6.6 6.1 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.7

Manufacturing................................. 413 293 285 273 276 260 251 3.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 1,011 844 853 901 856 806 873 4.0 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.5

Retail trade................................. 649 567 544 567 577 551 626 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.3

Professional and business services...... 782 717 706 649 698 716 708 4.7 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.3

Education and health services............ 470 473 486 486 457 440 424 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 756 707 716 688 709 621 639 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.5 4.8 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 101 128 116 109 111 78 98 5.2 6.7 6.1 5.8 5.9 4.1 5.2

Accommodation and food services... 655 579 600 578 598 543 540 5.8 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.4 4.9 4.9

Government 6.................................... 266 269 284 311 296 306 318 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4

State and local government............... 248 242 249 283 269 273 279 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 852 727 728 817 789 730 804 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.3

South............................................. 1,743 1,544 1,531 1,499 1,561 1,459 1,426 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.0

Midwest..........................................1,071 920 752 1,016 988 858 894 3.6 3.1 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.0

West............................................. 994 939 894 1,061 1,034 954 890 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.1

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 

month. not shown separately. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = preliminary.

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 1,942 1,723 1,837 1,753 1,772 1,851 1,868 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 1,836 1,620 1,731 1,639 1,661 1,719 1,749 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

Construction.................................... 99 62 92 76 99 84 90 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.6

Manufacturing................................. 90 80 75 75 85 97 89 .7 .7 .6 .7 .7 .8 .8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 470 382 413 392 368 432 414 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.7

Retail trade................................. 335 287 276 291 266 333 307 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.1

Professional and business services...... 294 277 264 248 259 300 301 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8

Education and health services............ 248 267 262 271 248 237 227 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 424 356 397 375 401 393 403 3.2 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 30 39 42 32 48 35 39 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.5 1.9 2.0

Accommodation and food services... 393 317 355 344 353 358 364 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3

Government 6.................................... 106 102 106 114 112 132 118 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5

State and local government............... 102 98 101 106 106 121 107 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 293 300 276 280 268 320 323 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3

South............................................. 821 677 757 722 736 755 752 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

Midwest.......................................... 442 382 377 391 380 421 434 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5

West............................................. 429 388 446 382 362 434 390 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,591 2,516 2,647 1.9 1.9 2.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,162 2,171 2,250 2.0 2.0 2.1

Mining and logging.................................... 10 12 13 1.4 1.7 1.9

Construction............................................. 52 65 75 .9 1.2 1.4

Manufacturing.......................................... 112 165 166 .9 1.4 1.4

Durable goods....................................... 56 94 100 .7 1.3 1.4

Nondurable goods.................................... 56 71 66 1.2 1.6 1.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 412 439 491 1.6 1.8 2.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 98 112 126 1.7 2.0 2.2

Retail trade............................................. 245 267 311 1.7 1.9 2.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 69 60 55 1.4 1.3 1.2

Information................................................ 57 78 73 2.0 2.8 2.6

Financial activities...................................... 177 142 171 2.2 1.8 2.2

Finance and insurance.............................. 132 109 152 2.2 1.9 2.6

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 44 33 18 2.2 1.7 1.0

Professional and business services............... 390 400 400 2.3 2.4 2.4

Education and health services..................... 503 487 489 2.5 2.4 2.4

Educational services................................. 32 56 53 1.0 1.7 1.6

Health care and social assistance............... 471 431 436 2.9 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality................................. 303 262 273 2.3 2.1 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 26 19 22 1.5 1.1 1.2

Accommodation and food services............ 277 242 251 2.5 2.2 2.2

Other services.......................................... 147 122 100 2.7 2.3 1.9

Government................................................ 429 345 397 1.8 1.5 1.7

Federal................................................... 175 117 147 5.9 4.0 4.8

State and local........................................... 255 228 249 1.2 1.1 1.2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 555 482 488 2.2 1.9 2.0

South...................................................... 981 875 934 2.0 1.9 2.0

Midwest................................................... 508 515 561 1.7 1.7 1.9

West...................................................... 547 642 665 1.8 2.2 2.3

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings. 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 3,661 3,243 3,962 2.8 2.5 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 3,481 3,036 3,696 3.2 2.9 3.5

Mining and logging.................................... 14 20 23 2.0 3.0 3.4

Construction............................................. 330 238 417 5.6 4.6 7.9

Manufacturing.......................................... 235 237 270 1.9 2.1 2.4

Durable goods....................................... 146 132 152 1.9 1.9 2.2

Nondurable goods.................................... 89 105 118 1.9 2.4 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 828 609 885 3.3 2.5 3.6

Wholesale trade....................................... 129 107 138 2.3 1.9 2.5

Retail trade............................................. 539 411 637 3.7 2.9 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 160 91 110 3.3 2.0 2.4

Information................................................ 56 44 48 2.0 1.6 1.8

Financial activities...................................... 155 135 136 2.0 1.8 1.8

Finance and insurance.............................. 99 86 94 1.7 1.5 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 56 49 42 2.8 2.5 2.2

Professional and business services............... 607 677 707 3.7 4.2 4.3

Education and health services..................... 411 401 396 2.1 2.1 2.0

Educational services................................. 37 58 45 1.1 1.8 1.4

Health care and social assistance............... 374 344 351 2.3 2.1 2.2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 686 539 658 5.4 4.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 82 56 89 4.6 3.3 5.1

Accommodation and food services............ 604 483 569 5.5 4.5 5.2

Other services.......................................... 159 135 156 3.0 2.6 2.9

Government................................................ 180 207 266 .8 .9 1.2

Federal................................................... 19 34 85 .7 1.2 2.9

State and local........................................... 160 172 180 .8 .9 .9

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 625 543 695 2.5 2.2 2.8

South...................................................... 1,357 1,205 1,477 2.9 2.6 3.2

Midwest................................................... 876 788 954 2.9 2.7 3.3

West...................................................... 802 706 835 2.8 2.5 2.9

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 3,962 3,136 3,339 3.0 2.4 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 3,802 2,956 3,140 3.5 2.8 3.0

Mining and logging.................................... 33 15 15 4.6 2.3 2.2

Construction............................................. 370 304 304 6.2 5.9 5.8

Manufacturing.......................................... 385 230 227 3.2 2.0 2.0

Durable goods....................................... 263 131 124 3.5 1.9 1.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 122 99 103 2.7 2.2 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 842 654 730 3.4 2.7 3.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 151 105 118 2.7 1.9 2.1

Retail trade............................................. 524 453 517 3.6 3.2 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 167 96 94 3.4 2.1 2.0

Information................................................ 67 48 58 2.4 1.8 2.1

Financial activities...................................... 211 151 160 2.7 2.0 2.1

Finance and insurance.............................. 122 90 112 2.1 1.6 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 89 61 49 4.5 3.2 2.5

Professional and business services............... 755 625 702 4.6 3.8 4.3

Education and health services..................... 396 333 347 2.1 1.7 1.8

Educational services................................. 43 32 40 1.3 1.0 1.2

Health care and social assistance............... 353 301 307 2.2 1.9 1.9

Leisure and hospitality................................. 583 459 476 4.6 3.7 3.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 61 41 56 3.4 2.4 3.2

Accommodation and food services............ 522 418 420 4.8 3.9 3.9

Other services.......................................... 160 136 120 3.0 2.6 2.3

Government................................................ 161 180 199 .7 .8 .9

Federal................................................... 13 26 32 .5 .9 1.1

State and local........................................... 147 154 167 .7 .8 .8

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 685 528 651 2.8 2.2 2.7

South...................................................... 1,518 1,181 1,226 3.2 2.6 2.6

Midwest................................................... 890 658 734 3.0 2.3 2.5

West...................................................... 870 769 729 3.0 2.7 2.6

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 1,628 1,435 1,591 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,556 1,347 1,508 1.4 1.3 1.4

Mining and logging.................................... 7 6 7 1.0 .8 1.0

Construction............................................. 80 67 73 1.3 1.3 1.4

Manufacturing.......................................... 79 80 79 .6 .7 .7

Durable goods....................................... 38 42 37 .5 .6 .5

Nondurable goods.................................... 40 38 41 .9 .9 .9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 401 336 362 1.6 1.4 1.5

Wholesale trade....................................... 54 31 56 .9 .6 1.0

Retail trade............................................. 278 258 259 1.9 1.8 1.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 69 47 47 1.4 1.0 1.0

Information................................................ 28 20 34 1.0 .7 1.2

Financial activities...................................... 67 61 81 .9 .8 1.1

Finance and insurance.............................. 41 34 63 .7 .6 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 26 27 19 1.3 1.4 1.0

Professional and business services............... 286 259 307 1.7 1.6 1.9

Education and health services..................... 210 178 186 1.1 .9 .9

Educational services................................. 20 19 23 .6 .6 .7

Health care and social assistance............... 190 159 162 1.2 1.0 1.0

Leisure and hospitality................................. 329 294 313 2.6 2.4 2.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 20 20 24 1.1 1.2 1.4

Accommodation and food services............ 309 274 289 2.8 2.6 2.6

Other services.......................................... 70 47 67 1.3 .9 1.3

Government................................................ 72 88 83 .3 .4 .4

Federal................................................... 2 9 10 .1 .3 .3

State and local........................................... 70 79 74 .3 .4 .4

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 232 211 267 .9 .9 1.1

South...................................................... 695 577 649 1.5 1.2 1.4

Midwest................................................... 356 302 366 1.2 1.0 1.3

West...................................................... 344 345 309 1.2 1.2 1.1

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,041 1,424 1,438 1.6 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,984 1,373 1,368 1.8 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging.................................... 23 8 7 3.2 1.2 1.0

Construction............................................. 281 220 212 4.7 4.3 4.0

Manufacturing.......................................... 283 135 128 2.3 1.2 1.1

Durable goods....................................... 210 79 76 2.8 1.1 1.1

Nondurable goods.................................... 73 56 52 1.6 1.3 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 360 251 313 1.4 1.0 1.3

Wholesale trade....................................... 79 58 51 1.4 1.0 .9

Retail trade............................................. 194 152 232 1.3 1.1 1.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 87 42 30 1.8 .9 .7

Information................................................ 33 23 17 1.2 .9 .6

Financial activities...................................... 123 58 59 1.6 .8 .8

Finance and insurance.............................. 68 30 33 1.2 .5 .6

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 55 29 26 2.8 1.5 1.3

Professional and business services............... 420 324 318 2.5 2.0 1.9

Education and health services..................... 138 126 121 .7 .6 .6

Educational services................................. 14 11 13 .4 .3 .4

Health care and social assistance............... 124 116 109 .8 .7 .7

Leisure and hospitality................................. 236 145 141 1.9 1.2 1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 39 18 29 2.2 1.0 1.7

Accommodation and food services............ 197 127 112 1.8 1.2 1.0

Other services.......................................... 87 81 51 1.6 1.5 1.0

Government................................................ 56 51 70 .2 .2 .3

Federal................................................... 5 8 12 .2 .3 .4

State and local........................................... 52 42 59 .3 .2 .3

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 381 264 331 1.5 1.1 1.4

South...................................................... 719 502 474 1.5 1.1 1.0

Midwest................................................... 472 301 318 1.6 1.0 1.1

West...................................................... 468 356 315 1.6 1.3 1.1

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 294 277 310 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 262 236 264 .2 .2 .2

Mining and logging.................................... 2 1 2 .3 .2 .3

Construction............................................. 9 17 19 .2 .3 .4

Manufacturing.......................................... 24 14 20 .2 .1 .2

Durable goods....................................... 15 10 10 .2 .1 .1

Nondurable goods.................................... 9 5 10 .2 .1 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 80 67 55 .3 .3 .2

Wholesale trade....................................... 19 16 12 .3 .3 .2

Retail trade............................................. 52 44 27 .4 .3 .2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 10 7 16 .2 .2 .4

Information................................................ 6 4 7 .2 .2 .2

Financial activities...................................... 21 32 20 .3 .4 .3

Finance and insurance.............................. 13 26 16 .2 .5 .3

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 7 6 5 .4 .3 .2

Professional and business services............... 50 43 77 .3 .3 .5

Education and health services..................... 49 28 40 .3 .1 .2

Educational services................................. 9 2 4 .3 .1 .1

Health care and social assistance............... 40 26 36 .2 .2 .2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 18 20 22 .1 .2 .2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 2 4 2 .1 .2 .1

Accommodation and food services............ 15 17 19 .1 .2 .2

Other services.......................................... 2 8 2 (

4

) .2 (

4

)

Government................................................ 32 40 46 .1 .2 .2

Federal................................................... 7 9 11 .2 .3 .4

State and local........................................... 26 32 35 .1 .2 .2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 72 53 52 .3 .2 .2

South...................................................... 104 101 104 .2 .2 .2

Midwest................................................... 61 55 49 .2 .2 .2

West...................................................... 58 67 104 .2 .2 .4

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. 4 Data round to zero. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region