For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, April 4, 2023 USDL-23-0628

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2023

The number of job openings decreased to 9.9 million on the last business day of February, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations 

changed little at 6.2 million and 5.8 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (4.0 million) edged 

up, while layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) decreased. This release includes estimates of the number 

and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 

establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of February, the number and rate of job openings decreased to 9.9 million

(-632,000) and 6.0 percent, respectively. The largest decreases in job openings were in professional and 

business services (-278,000); health care and social assistance (-150,000); and transportation, 

warehousing, and utilities (-145,000). The number of job openings increased in construction (+129,000) 

and in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+38,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In February, the number and rate of hires changed little at 6.2 million and 4.0 percent, respectively.

Hires increased in federal government (+8,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm.

 4.4

 4.8

 5.2

 5.6

 6.0

 6.4

 6.8

 7.2

 7.6

Feb-21 Aug-21 Feb-22 Aug-22 Feb-23

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, February 2021 - February 2023

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

Feb-21 Aug-21 Feb-22 Aug-22 Feb-23

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted, February 2021 - February 2023
- 2 -

In February, the number of total separations changed little at 5.8 million. The rate was little changed at

3.7 percent. The number of total separations decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities 

(-45,000) but increased in educational services (+21,000) (See table 3.)

In February, the number of quits edged up to 4.0 million (+146,000), and the rate was little changed at 

2.6 percent. Quits increased in professional and business services (+115,000); accommodation and food 

services (+93,000); wholesale trade (+31,000); and educational services (+18,000). The number of quits 

decreased in finance and insurance (-39,000). (See table 4.)

In February, the number of layoffs and discharges decreased to 1.5 million (-215,000). The rate was 

little changed at 1.0 percent. Layoffs and discharges decreased in professional and business services 

(-157,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in February at 291,000. Other separations increased 

in finance and insurance (+19,000) and in wholesale trade (+10,000). (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In February, establishments with 1 to 9 employees saw little change in their job openings rate, hires rate, 

and total separations rate; but the layoffs and discharges rate decreased. Establishments with more than 

5,000 employees saw little change in their hires rate and total separations rate while the job openings 

rate decreased. (See table 7.)

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for March 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, May 2, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 11,601 10,563 9,931 6,800 6,327 6,163 6,071 5,900 5,820

Total private....................................... 10,516 9,536 8,937 6,384 5,917 5,772 5,678 5,557 5,485

Mining and logging............................. 33 36 35 21 26 26 17 22 26

Construction.................................... 421 283 412 418 387 369 327 356 349

Manufacturing.................................. 826 732 694 504 420 422 455 406 415

Durable goods............................... 511 462 475 276 219 222 250 217 216

Nondurable goods........................... 315 270 219 228 201 200 206 189 199

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,903 1,837 1,627 1,407 1,335 1,266 1,275 1,300 1,254

Wholesale trade............................. 338 304 310 182 179 198 153 167 189

Retail trade................................... 1,008 901 829 865 798 738 852 768 744

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 557 633 488 361 358 331 270 365 320

Information...................................... 255 138 147 86 85 99 65 104 113

Financial activities.............................. 501 451 476 252 214 195 200 208 183

Finance and insurance..................... 354 337 350 172 124 104 143 124 105

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 147 114 127 79 90 91 57 84 78

Professional and business services......... 2,255 2,101 1,823 1,386 1,158 1,122 1,242 1,129 1,063

Education and health services............... 2,171 2,012 1,862 879 902 879 788 768 803

Educational services........................ 189 178 178 111 99 104 101 75 96

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,982 1,834 1,684 767 803 775 687 693 706

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,743 1,588 1,501 1,187 1,182 1,180 1,108 1,061 1,107

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 200 188 226 162 161 192 134 141 153

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 1,543 1,400 1,275 1,025 1,021 987 974 920 954

Other services.................................. 408 359 360 245 210 215 200 202 174

Government....................................... 1,084 1,027 995 416 410 391 393 343 334

Federal.......................................... 167 169 138 44 40 48 41 35 39

State and local................................. 917 858 857 372 370 343 352 309 295

State and local education.................. 354 323 322 183 198 174 184 158 149

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 563 535 535 190 172 169 169 151 146

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 7.1 6.4 6.0 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.7

Total private....................................... 7.5 6.7 6.3 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging............................. 5.4 5.3 5.3 3.6 4.1 4.0 2.8 3.5 4.1

Construction.................................... 5.2 3.5 4.9 5.4 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.4

Manufacturing.................................. 6.1 5.3 5.1 4.0 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.1 3.2

Durable goods............................... 6.1 5.4 5.5 3.5 2.7 2.7 3.2 2.7 2.7

Nondurable goods........................... 6.2 5.2 4.3 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.9 4.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 6.2 6.0 5.3 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.3

Wholesale trade............................. 5.4 4.8 4.9 3.1 3.0 3.3 2.6 2.8 3.1

Retail trade................................... 6.1 5.5 5.1 5.6 5.1 4.7 5.5 4.9 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 7.3 8.0 6.3 5.1 4.9 4.6 3.8 5.0 4.4

Information...................................... 7.9 4.3 4.6 2.9 2.7 3.2 2.2 3.4 3.7

Financial activities.............................. 5.3 4.7 5.0 2.8 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.0

Finance and insurance..................... 5.1 4.8 5.0 2.6 1.9 1.6 2.2 1.9 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 5.9 4.5 5.0 3.4 3.7 3.8 2.4 3.5 3.2

Professional and business services......... 9.2 8.4 7.4 6.2 5.1 4.9 5.6 4.9 4.6

Education and health services............... 8.3 7.5 6.9 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.2

Educational services........................ 4.8 4.4 4.4 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.7 1.9 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 8.9 8.0 7.4 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................ 10.1 8.8 8.3 7.6 7.2 7.1 7.1 6.5 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 8.2 7.2 8.5 7.2 6.7 7.9 6.0 5.9 6.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 10.4 9.1 8.3 7.7 7.3 7.0 7.3 6.6 6.8

Other services.................................. 6.7 5.8 5.8 4.3 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Government....................................... 4.7 4.4 4.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.5

Federal.......................................... 5.5 5.5 4.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.4

State and local................................. 4.6 4.2 4.2 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5

State and local education.................. 3.4 3.0 3.0 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 5.9 5.5 5.5 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 

industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 

North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists, and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work; and positions to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings—that is, all filled and 

unfilled jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability, and deaths.

Excluded from separations measures are transfers 

within the same location; employees on strike; and 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. 

The sampling frame is made up of 

establishments from two sources: the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the 

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The QCEW 

database contains establishments that cover 

approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in 

the United States. This database is a compilation of 

administrative data from state unemployment 

insurance (UI) programs and federal government 

establishments covered by the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) 

program. A frame of railroad establishments is 

provided by the FRA. This is added to the QCEW 

database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame.

The JOLTS estimation method involves the 

following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, 

item nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking 

and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and 

death model estimation, estimates review and outlier 

selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and 

variance estimates. Establishment size class levels are 

also produced. Detailed information about the 

estimation method can be found in the Handbook of 

Methods at 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through 

which the JOLTS weighted employment for each 

estimation cell is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells 

are benchmarked monthly to the current employment 

level from the BLS Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked

to ensure that JOLTS weighted employment is equal 

to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many new establishments fail within the 

first year, referred to as a death. Because new and 

short-lived universe establishments cannot be 

reflected in the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, 

and separations from these establishments during 

their early existence. BLS has developed a 

birth/death model that uses establishment birth and 

death activity from previous years as collected by the 

QCEW and projects forward to the present using 

over-the-year change in the CES. The birth/death 

model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate 

the amount of churn (meaning the rates of hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate 

the number of hires and separations that take place in 

these establishments that cannot be measured through 

sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences between the two surveys, as well as 

sampling and nonsampling errors, historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.
Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the 

seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) 

is used to seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each 

month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 

including the current month, to calculate new 

seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are 

used as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. 

JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive 

and multiplicative models, as well as regression with 

autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to 

improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 

beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The

JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the 

issuance of data for January. Five years of data are 

subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 

1) benchmarks based on CES employment estimates 

newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal 

adjustment factors, and 3) any needed special 

adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels for each data element by the

sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment 

levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error. 

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. Sampling error estimates are available 

at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Total............................................... 11,601 10,746 11,234 10,563 9,931 -632 7.1 6.5 6.8 6.4 6.0 -0.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 10,516 9,671 10,126 9,536 8,937 -599 7.5 6.8 7.1 6.7 6.3 -0.4

Mining and logging......................... 33 42 39 36 35 -1 5.4 6.3 5.8 5.3 5.3 0.0

Construction................................ 421 348 488 283 412 129 5.2 4.3 5.8 3.5 4.9 1.4

Manufacturing.............................. 826 829 797 732 694 -38 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.3 5.1 -0.2

Durable goods........................... 511 517 519 462 475 13 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.4 5.5 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 315 312 278 270 219 -51 6.2 6.0 5.4 5.2 4.3 -0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,903 1,531 1,763 1,837 1,627 -210 6.2 5.1 5.8 6.0 5.3 -0.7

Wholesale trade......................... 338 213 265 304 310 6 5.4 3.4 4.2 4.8 4.9 0.1

Retail trade............................... 1,008 852 964 901 829 -72 6.1 5.2 5.9 5.5 5.1 -0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 557 465 534 633 488 -145 7.3 6.0 6.8 8.0 6.3 -1.7

Information.................................. 255 213 106 138 147 9 7.9 6.4 3.3 4.3 4.6 0.3

Financial activities......................... 501 576 610 451 476 25 5.3 6.0 6.3 4.7 5.0 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 354 405 445 337 350 13 5.1 5.7 6.2 4.8 5.0 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 147 171 165 114 127 13 5.9 6.6 6.4 4.5 5.0 0.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 2,255 2,121 2,087 2,101 1,823 -278 9.2 8.5 8.4 8.4 7.4 -1.0

Education and health services........... 2,171 2,068 2,080 2,012 1,862 -150 8.3 7.7 7.7 7.5 6.9 -0.6

Educational services.................... 189 160 181 178 178 0 4.8 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.4 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,982 1,908 1,899 1,834 1,684 -150 8.9 8.4 8.3 8.0 7.4 -0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,743 1,629 1,859 1,588 1,501 -87 10.1 9.1 10.2 8.8 8.3 -0.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 200 164 180 188 226 38 8.2 6.4 7.0 7.2 8.5 1.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,543 1,465 1,679 1,400 1,275 -125 10.4 9.6 10.8 9.1 8.3 -0.8

Other services.............................. 408 314 297 359 360 1 6.7 5.2 4.9 5.8 5.8 0.0

Government................................... 1,084 1,075 1,109 1,027 995 -32 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Federal...................................... 167 138 156 169 138 -31 5.5 4.6 5.1 5.5 4.6 -0.9

State and local............................. 917 937 953 858 857 -1 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.2 4.2 0.0

State and local education.............. 354 336 325 323 322 -1 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 563 601 628 535 535 0 5.9 6.2 6.4 5.5 5.5 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 2,034 1,645 1,746 1,679 1,651 -28 7.0 5.6 6.0 5.7 5.6 -0.1

South........................................... 4,398 4,323 4,415 4,312 4,123 -189 7.3 7.0 7.1 7.0 6.7 -0.3

Midwest........................................ 2,527 2,270 2,536 2,311 2,051 -260 7.3 6.4 7.1 6.5 5.8 -0.7

West............................................ 2,642 2,507 2,537 2,261 2,106 -155 6.9 6.4 6.5 5.8 5.4 -0.4

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Total............................................... 6,800 6,253 6,251 6,327 6,163 -164 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.0 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,384 5,825 5,809 5,917 5,772 -145 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 -0.2

Mining and logging......................... 21 24 22 26 26 0 3.6 3.8 3.5 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Construction................................ 418 337 380 387 369 -18 5.4 4.3 4.8 4.9 4.7 -0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 504 407 405 420 422 2 4.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 0.1

Durable goods........................... 276 222 234 219 222 3 3.5 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.7 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 228 186 171 201 200 -1 4.7 3.8 3.5 4.1 4.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,407 1,253 1,289 1,335 1,266 -69 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.4 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 182 172 175 179 198 19 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.3 0.3

Retail trade............................... 865 706 753 798 738 -60 5.6 4.6 4.9 5.1 4.7 -0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 361 375 361 358 331 -27 5.1 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.6 -0.3

Information.................................. 86 112 97 85 99 14 2.9 3.6 3.1 2.7 3.2 0.5

Financial activities......................... 252 248 213 214 195 -19 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Finance and insurance................. 172 162 132 124 104 -20 2.6 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.6 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 79 86 82 90 91 1 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.8 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,386 1,163 1,155 1,158 1,122 -36 6.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.9 -0.2

Education and health services........... 879 863 904 902 879 -23 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Educational services.................... 111 98 98 99 104 5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 767 765 806 803 775 -28 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,187 1,203 1,107 1,182 1,180 -2 7.6 7.4 6.8 7.2 7.1 -0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 162 160 161 161 192 31 7.2 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.9 1.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,025 1,043 947 1,021 987 -34 7.7 7.5 6.8 7.3 7.0 -0.3

Other services.............................. 245 214 237 210 215 5 4.3 3.7 4.1 3.6 3.7 0.1

Government................................... 416 428 442 410 391 -19 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.7 -0.1

Federal...................................... 44 39 45 40 48 8 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 0.2

State and local............................. 372 389 397 370 343 -27 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.7 -0.2

State and local education.............. 183 191 175 198 174 -24 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.7 -0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 190 198 222 172 169 -3 2.1 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.8 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,082 913 923 927 893 -34 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 -0.2

South........................................... 2,900 2,599 2,628 2,576 2,542 -34 5.2 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 1,268 1,300 1,361 1,319 1,302 -17 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.9 -0.1

West............................................ 1,550 1,441 1,338 1,505 1,425 -80 4.3 4.0 3.7 4.1 3.9 -0.2

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Total............................................... 6,071 5,945 5,906 5,900 5,820 -80 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,678 5,582 5,502 5,557 5,485 -72 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Mining and logging......................... 17 17 20 22 26 4 2.8 2.7 3.2 3.5 4.1 0.6

Construction................................ 327 294 335 356 349 -7 4.3 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 455 393 384 406 415 9 3.6 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 0.1

Durable goods........................... 250 213 206 217 216 -1 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 206 181 178 189 199 10 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.9 4.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,275 1,299 1,277 1,300 1,254 -46 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.3 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 153 159 165 167 189 22 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.1 0.3

Retail trade............................... 852 713 765 768 744 -24 5.5 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.8 -0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 270 426 347 365 320 -45 3.8 5.9 4.8 5.0 4.4 -0.6

Information.................................. 65 98 99 104 113 9 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.7 0.3

Financial activities......................... 200 275 198 208 183 -25 2.2 3.0 2.2 2.3 2.0 -0.3

Finance and insurance................. 143 197 129 124 105 -19 2.2 2.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 57 77 69 84 78 -6 2.4 3.2 2.9 3.5 3.2 -0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,242 1,166 1,125 1,129 1,063 -66 5.6 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.6 -0.3

Education and health services........... 788 779 825 768 803 35 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.2 0.1

Educational services.................... 101 86 89 75 96 21 2.7 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.5 0.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 687 694 736 693 706 13 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,108 1,093 1,010 1,061 1,107 46 7.1 6.7 6.2 6.5 6.7 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 134 143 130 141 153 12 6.0 6.0 5.4 5.9 6.3 0.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 974 950 880 920 954 34 7.3 6.8 6.3 6.6 6.8 0.2

Other services.............................. 200 168 228 202 174 -28 3.5 2.9 3.9 3.5 3.0 -0.5

Government................................... 393 364 404 343 334 -9 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 0.0

Federal...................................... 41 40 45 35 39 4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.2

State and local............................. 352 324 359 309 295 -14 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 -0.1

State and local education.............. 184 157 166 158 149 -9 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 169 167 193 151 146 -5 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.6 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 907 797 880 889 790 -99 3.4 2.9 3.2 3.2 2.8 -0.4

South........................................... 2,538 2,412 2,400 2,507 2,531 24 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 0.1

Midwest........................................ 1,182 1,183 1,247 1,187 1,177 -10 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.5 -0.1

West............................................ 1,444 1,554 1,379 1,318 1,322 4 4.0 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.6 0.0

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Total............................................... 4,313 4,148 4,091 3,878 4,024 146 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,066 3,932 3,858 3,681 3,824 143 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 0.1

Mining and logging......................... 12 11 14 15 18 3 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.8 0.4

Construction................................ 166 135 153 179 156 -23 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.0 -0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 331 267 263 267 283 16 2.6 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 0.1

Durable goods........................... 180 143 137 144 149 5 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 151 125 125 123 134 11 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.7 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,000 1,002 916 921 906 -15 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 118 101 96 101 132 31 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.2 0.5

Retail trade............................... 695 598 598 592 564 -28 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 187 303 222 228 209 -19 2.6 4.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 -0.2

Information.................................. 43 41 46 41 44 3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.1

Financial activities......................... 144 131 134 143 110 -33 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.2 -0.4

Finance and insurance................. 101 82 88 97 58 -39 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.9 -0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 43 49 46 46 52 6 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.2 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 746 733 719 546 661 115 3.3 3.2 3.1 2.4 2.9 0.5

Education and health services........... 618 619 629 607 625 18 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 0.1

Educational services.................... 62 54 55 40 58 18 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 556 565 574 567 566 -1 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 854 884 806 825 918 93 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.6 0.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 67 78 77 79 79 0 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 788 807 729 746 839 93 5.9 5.8 5.2 5.3 5.9 0.6

Other services.............................. 153 108 177 136 103 -33 2.7 1.9 3.1 2.3 1.8 -0.5

Government................................... 247 217 233 198 201 3 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

Federal...................................... 22 19 21 17 20 3 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.1

State and local............................. 225 198 213 180 181 1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.0

State and local education.............. 121 100 103 95 92 -3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 104 98 110 85 89 4 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 599 504 539 501 498 -3 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8 0.0

South........................................... 1,845 1,760 1,748 1,680 1,876 196 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.2 0.3

Midwest........................................ 869 798 835 779 766 -13 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3 -0.1

West............................................ 1,000 1,087 969 919 884 -35 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.4 -0.1

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Total............................................... 1,423 1,485 1,475 1,719 1,504 -215 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,346 1,409 1,378 1,630 1,427 -203 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Mining and logging......................... 4 5 5 5 7 2 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.3

Construction................................ 144 146 166 161 175 14 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 99 101 99 114 114 0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0

Durable goods........................... 52 53 54 57 53 -4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 47 47 44 57 61 4 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 226 255 304 323 292 -31 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 28 49 59 61 42 -19 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.7 -0.3

Retail trade............................... 125 96 138 142 152 10 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 73 110 107 120 98 -22 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.3 -0.3

Information.................................. 11 46 46 48 58 10 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.9 0.4

Financial activities......................... 40 122 38 54 41 -13 0.4 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 -0.2

Finance and insurance................. 26 102 19 22 23 1 0.4 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 13 19 18 32 18 -14 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.7 -0.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 413 360 338 529 372 -157 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.3 1.6 -0.7

Education and health services........... 137 133 149 132 141 9 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.1

Educational services.................... 31 22 29 28 33 5 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 106 111 120 104 108 4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 231 187 193 215 173 -42 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 -0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 65 63 52 58 70 12 2.9 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.9 0.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 166 124 141 157 103 -54 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.7 -0.4

Other services.............................. 42 55 41 49 54 5 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.1

Government................................... 77 75 97 88 78 -10 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Federal...................................... 7 7 10 5 6 1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local............................. 70 69 87 84 72 -12 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0

State and local education.............. 37 29 37 42 35 -7 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 33 40 50 42 36 -6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 243 239 279 334 255 -79 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 -0.3

South........................................... 556 548 521 710 537 -173 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 -0.3

Midwest........................................ 258 327 356 350 350 0 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

West............................................ 367 372 319 324 361 37 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan.

2023 -

Feb.

2023p

Total............................................... 335 312 340 303 291 -12 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 265 240 266 246 235 -11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 2 2 1 -1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Construction................................ 16 14 16 15 17 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 26 26 23 25 18 -7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 17 17 15 16 13 -3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 8 9 8 9 5 -4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 50 41 57 56 56 0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 6 9 10 5 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 32 19 29 34 28 -6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 11 13 18 17 13 -4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Information.................................. 11 12 7 15 11 -4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 -0.2

Financial activities......................... 17 22 26 11 32 21 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 16 14 21 5 24 19 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 1 9 5 5 8 3 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 83 72 68 54 30 -24 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Education and health services........... 34 27 47 29 37 8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Educational services.................... 9 9 5 6 5 -1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 25 18 42 23 32 9 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 23 21 11 21 16 -5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 2 2 1 4 5 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 20 20 9 17 12 -5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Other services.............................. 6 5 10 17 16 -1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

Government................................... 69 72 73 57 56 -1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

Federal...................................... 12 14 14 12 14 2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.1

State and local............................. 57 58 59 45 43 -2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local education.............. 25 29 26 20 22 2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 32 29 33 25 21 -4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 66 54 62 53 36 -17 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

South........................................... 137 104 131 117 118 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Midwest........................................ 56 58 55 58 61 3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

West............................................ 76 95 91 75 76 1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan. 2023 -

Feb. 2023p

Feb.

2022

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Change

from:

Jan. 2023 -

Feb. 2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private.......................... 10,516 9,671 10,126 9,536 8,937 -599 7.5 6.8 7.1 6.7 6.3 -0.4

1 to 9 employees.................. 1,721 1,724 1,818 1,906 1,708 -198 7.7 7.2 7.8 7.9 6.9 -1.0

10 to 49 employees............... 3,095 3,018 3,188 2,934 2,989 55 7.8 6.6 7.0 6.4 6.2 -0.2

50 to 249 employees............. 3,060 2,761 2,953 2,653 2,389 -264 7.1 6.9 7.4 6.6 6.2 -0.4

250 to 999 employees............ 1,602 1,180 1,235 1,102 976 -126 7.9 6.4 6.4 6.0 5.7 -0.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 773 665 634 647 606 -41 8.1 7.1 6.6 7.0 7.1 0.1

5,000 or more employees........ 265 322 298 294 269 -25 6.7 7.5 6.8 7.0 6.3 -0.7

HIRES

Total private.......................... 6,384 5,825 5,809 5,917 5,772 -145 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 -0.2

1 to 9 employees.................. 938 715 800 885 902 17 4.5 3.2 3.7 4.0 3.9 -0.1

10 to 49 employees............... 1,876 1,997 1,912 1,923 2,047 124 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 0.0

50 to 249 employees............. 2,152 1,856 1,858 1,880 1,706 -174 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.7 -0.3

250 to 999 employees............ 953 807 804 831 737 -94 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.6 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 396 370 362 327 312 -15 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.8 4.0 0.2

5,000 or more employees........ 69 80 73 72 68 -4 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 -0.1

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................... 5,678 5,582 5,502 5,557 5,485 -72 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 -0.1

1 to 9 employees.................. 740 813 826 705 726 21 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.2 3.1 -0.1

10 to 49 employees............... 1,729 1,776 1,923 1,966 2,042 76 4.7 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.5 -0.1

50 to 249 employees............. 1,907 1,753 1,594 1,753 1,612 -141 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.4 -0.3

250 to 999 employees............ 867 800 723 731 715 -16 4.6 4.6 4.0 4.2 4.4 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 372 372 375 342 325 -17 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1 0.1

5,000 or more employees........ 64 67 61 59 65 6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 0.1

QUITS

Total private........................ 4,066 3,932 3,858 3,681 3,824 143 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 0.1

1 to 9 employees............... 474 525 566 394 506 112 2.3 2.4 2.6 1.8 2.2 0.4

10 to 49 employees............ 1,269 1,337 1,403 1,395 1,464 69 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 0.0

50 to 249 employees........... 1,419 1,261 1,142 1,194 1,163 -31 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.2 0.0

250 to 999 employees......... 604 522 458 452 449 -3 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.8 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 256 243 248 207 201 -6 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.5 0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 44 43 41 39 41 2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private........................ 1,346 1,409 1,378 1,630 1,427 -203 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.1

1 to 9 employees............... 209 210 206 259 149 -110 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.6 -0.6

10 to 49 employees............ 394 384 440 507 508 1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.1

50 to 249 employees........... 417 440 382 507 404 -103 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 -0.3

250 to 999 employees......... 219 251 235 229 248 19 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 96 110 103 115 102 -13 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.0

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 12 15 12 12 16 4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private........................ 265 240 266 246 235 -11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 57 79 54 52 72 20 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

10 to 49 employees............ 66 55 80 64 71 7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

50 to 249 employees........... 71 52 70 53 45 -8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

250 to 999 employees......... 44 26 30 50 18 -32 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 20 19 24 20 22 2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 8 9 8 8 8 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 11,202 10,586 9,509 7.0 6.5 5.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 10,145 9,587 8,558 7.4 6.8 6.1

Mining and logging............................................... 30 37 32 5.0 5.6 4.9

Construction....................................................... 388 292 384 5.0 3.7 4.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 790 714 644 5.9 5.3 4.7

Durable goods.................................................. 473 449 433 5.7 5.3 5.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 317 265 211 6.2 5.2 4.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,808 1,729 1,542 6.0 5.7 5.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 334 321 316 5.4 5.1 5.0

Retail trade..................................................... 928 783 757 5.7 4.8 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 546 625 469 7.1 7.9 6.1

Information........................................................ 257 139 147 7.9 4.4 4.6

Financial activities................................................ 465 495 434 4.9 5.2 4.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 333 366 323 4.8 5.2 4.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 131 129 111 5.4 5.2 4.5

Professional and business services............................ 2,204 2,220 1,745 9.1 9.0 7.2

Education and health services.................................. 2,139 2,155 1,800 8.2 8.0 6.7

Educational services.......................................... 182 198 176 4.5 5.0 4.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,957 1,957 1,624 8.8 8.5 7.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,680 1,417 1,470 10.2 8.3 8.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 215 175 257 9.6 7.6 10.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,465 1,242 1,213 10.2 8.4 8.2

Other services.................................................... 383 389 360 6.4 6.3 5.9

Government.......................................................... 1,058 1,000 951 4.5 4.3 4.0

Federal............................................................. 164 180 130 5.4 5.9 4.3

State and local.................................................... 894 819 821 4.4 4.0 4.0

State and local education..................................... 332 303 302 3.1 2.8 2.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 562 517 519 6.0 5.4 5.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 2,034 1,706 1,637 7.1 5.9 5.6

South................................................................. 4,171 4,302 3,894 7.0 7.0 6.4

Midwest............................................................... 2,420 2,279 1,949 7.0 6.5 5.6

West.................................................................. 2,577 2,299 2,030 6.8 6.0 5.3

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 5,732 6,152 5,060 3.8 4.0 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,420 5,756 4,772 4.3 4.4 3.6

Mining and logging............................................... 18 27 22 3.1 4.4 3.6

Construction....................................................... 364 357 315 5.0 4.7 4.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 451 425 379 3.6 3.3 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 250 226 200 3.2 2.8 2.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 201 199 179 4.2 4.1 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,151 1,192 971 4.1 4.1 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 155 186 173 2.7 3.1 2.9

Retail trade..................................................... 743 667 593 4.8 4.3 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 252 338 205 3.6 4.6 2.8

Information........................................................ 70 86 79 2.3 2.8 2.6

Financial activities................................................ 223 242 160 2.5 2.7 1.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 165 145 91 2.5 2.2 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 58 96 70 2.5 4.1 2.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,216 1,206 968 5.5 5.4 4.3

Education and health services.................................. 758 986 762 3.1 4.0 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 88 117 84 2.3 3.1 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 670 869 679 3.3 4.1 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 966 1,028 946 6.5 6.6 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 102 104 125 5.1 4.9 5.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 864 924 822 6.7 6.8 6.0

Other services.................................................... 202 208 170 3.6 3.6 2.9

Government.......................................................... 312 396 288 1.4 1.8 1.3

Federal............................................................. 33 38 38 1.2 1.3 1.3

State and local.................................................... 279 358 250 1.4 1.8 1.3

State and local education..................................... 139 218 127 1.3 2.1 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 140 139 123 1.6 1.5 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 851 853 686 3.2 3.1 2.5

South................................................................. 2,507 2,610 2,147 4.5 4.6 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,050 1,216 1,041 3.3 3.7 3.2

West.................................................................. 1,324 1,474 1,186 3.7 4.1 3.3

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 5,009 6,415 4,737 3.3 4.2 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,736 6,118 4,514 3.7 4.7 3.4

Mining and logging............................................... 17 25 27 2.9 4.0 4.4

Construction....................................................... 266 392 287 3.6 5.2 3.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 402 391 374 3.2 3.0 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 225 211 198 2.9 2.6 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 177 180 177 3.7 3.7 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,076 1,735 1,008 3.8 6.0 3.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 136 178 173 2.3 3.0 2.9

Retail trade..................................................... 726 899 590 4.7 5.8 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 214 658 245 3.0 9.0 3.4

Information........................................................ 58 123 95 2.0 4.0 3.1

Financial activities................................................ 171 247 155 1.9 2.7 1.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 129 140 95 1.9 2.1 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 42 107 60 1.8 4.5 2.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,142 1,195 947 5.2 5.3 4.2

Education and health services.................................. 654 828 659 2.7 3.3 2.6

Educational services.......................................... 63 73 64 1.6 1.9 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 591 755 595 2.9 3.6 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 800 991 824 5.4 6.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 60 127 77 3.0 5.9 3.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 740 864 747 5.8 6.4 5.5

Other services.................................................... 150 191 137 2.7 3.3 2.4

Government.......................................................... 272 297 223 1.2 1.3 1.0

Federal............................................................. 34 37 32 1.2 1.3 1.1

State and local.................................................... 238 259 191 1.2 1.3 1.0

State and local education..................................... 104 127 84 1.0 1.2 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 135 132 106 1.5 1.5 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 718 1,010 592 2.7 3.7 2.2

South................................................................. 2,140 2,731 2,128 3.8 4.8 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 988 1,290 952 3.1 4.0 2.9

West.................................................................. 1,163 1,384 1,065 3.3 3.8 2.9

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 3,514 3,758 3,207 2.3 2.5 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,332 3,595 3,061 2.6 2.8 2.3

Mining and logging............................................... 11 15 17 1.8 2.5 2.7

Construction....................................................... 135 173 123 1.8 2.3 1.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 289 240 252 2.3 1.9 1.9

Durable goods.................................................. 158 130 133 2.0 1.6 1.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 131 110 118 2.7 2.3 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 841 907 717 3.0 3.2 2.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 103 94 120 1.8 1.6 2.0

Retail trade..................................................... 583 601 426 3.8 3.9 2.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 155 212 171 2.2 2.9 2.4

Information........................................................ 39 43 37 1.3 1.4 1.2

Financial activities................................................ 118 160 93 1.3 1.8 1.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 85 108 48 1.3 1.6 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 33 52 45 1.4 2.2 1.9

Professional and business services............................ 637 545 518 2.9 2.4 2.3

Education and health services.................................. 514 637 524 2.1 2.6 2.1

Educational services.......................................... 40 39 39 1.0 1.0 1.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 474 598 485 2.3 2.9 2.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 633 749 705 4.3 4.8 4.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 42 70 54 2.1 3.3 2.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 591 679 652 4.6 5.0 4.8

Other services.................................................... 116 126 77 2.1 2.2 1.3

Government.......................................................... 183 162 146 0.8 0.7 0.6

Federal............................................................. 19 17 17 0.7 0.6 0.6

State and local.................................................... 163 146 128 0.8 0.8 0.6

State and local education..................................... 73 76 58 0.7 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 90 70 71 1.0 0.8 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 493 497 385 1.8 1.8 1.4

South................................................................. 1,498 1,648 1,530 2.7 2.9 2.7

Midwest............................................................... 730 741 613 2.3 2.3 1.9

West.................................................................. 793 873 680 2.2 2.4 1.9

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 1,197 2,299 1,270 0.8 1.5 0.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,157 2,222 1,231 0.9 1.7 0.9

Mining and logging............................................... 5 7 9 0.9 1.2 1.5

Construction....................................................... 117 203 148 1.6 2.7 1.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 90 118 108 0.7 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 52 59 54 0.7 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 39 59 55 0.8 1.2 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 187 766 235 0.7 2.7 0.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 28 79 39 0.5 1.3 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 110 260 135 0.7 1.7 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 48 426 61 0.7 5.8 0.8

Information........................................................ 8 61 47 0.3 2.0 1.5

Financial activities................................................ 37 65 37 0.4 0.7 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 28 24 24 0.4 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 9 41 13 0.4 1.7 0.6

Professional and business services............................ 423 585 403 1.9 2.6 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 111 153 103 0.5 0.6 0.4

Educational services.......................................... 17 25 21 0.4 0.7 0.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 93 127 82 0.5 0.6 0.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 148 217 99 1.0 1.4 0.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 17 53 20 0.8 2.5 0.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 131 164 79 1.0 1.2 0.6

Other services.................................................... 31 47 43 0.5 0.8 0.7

Government.......................................................... 40 77 39 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 6 6 4 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local.................................................... 35 71 34 0.2 0.4 0.2

State and local education..................................... 18 36 17 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 17 35 17 0.2 0.4 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 167 450 179 0.6 1.7 0.6

South................................................................. 511 930 480 0.9 1.6 0.8

Midwest............................................................... 214 489 292 0.7 1.5 0.9

West.................................................................. 305 429 320 0.9 1.2 0.9

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 297 358 259 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 248 301 221 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 2 1 0.1 0.4 0.2

Construction....................................................... 14 16 16 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 23 33 15 0.2 0.3 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 15 22 11 0.2 0.3 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 11 4 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 49 63 57 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 5 5 14 0.1 0.1 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 33 38 30 0.2 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 10 20 12 0.1 0.3 0.2

Information........................................................ 11 19 11 0.4 0.6 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 16 22 25 0.2 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 16 8 23 0.2 0.1 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 0 14 3 0.0 0.6 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 82 64 27 0.4 0.3 0.1

Education and health services.................................. 29 38 32 0.1 0.2 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 6 8 4 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 23 30 29 0.1 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 19 26 20 0.1 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 1 4 3 0.1 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 18 22 16 0.1 0.2 0.1

Other services.................................................... 4 17 17 0.1 0.3 0.3

Government.......................................................... 49 57 38 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 9 15 10 0.3 0.5 0.3

State and local.................................................... 40 42 28 0.2 0.2 0.1

State and local education..................................... 12 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 28 28 18 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 58 62 29 0.2 0.2 0.1

South................................................................. 131 154 118 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 43 59 47 0.1 0.2 0.1

West.................................................................. 65 83 65 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

Feb.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private............................................................ 10,145 9,587 8,558 7.4 6.8 6.1

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 1,636 2,185 1,605 7.4 9.1 6.6

10 to 49 employees................................................. 2,901 2,806 2,810 7.4 6.2 5.9

50 to 249 employees............................................... 2,916 2,565 2,251 6.8 6.5 5.9

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 1,576 1,062 956 7.8 5.9 5.7

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 835 670 654 8.8 7.3 7.7

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 280 298 282 7.1 7.1 6.7

HIRES

Total private............................................................ 5,420 5,756 4,772 4.3 4.4 3.6

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 762 1,070 726 3.7 4.9 3.2

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,518 1,785 1,661 4.2 4.2 3.7

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,876 1,717 1,446 4.7 4.7 4.0

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 857 797 625 4.6 4.7 3.9

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 345 309 257 4.0 3.7 3.3

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 63 79 57 1.7 2.0 1.4

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private............................................................ 4,736 6,118 4,514 3.7 4.7 3.4

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 579 910 582 2.8 4.2 2.5

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,370 2,032 1,678 3.8 4.8 3.7

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,660 1,889 1,341 4.2 5.1 3.7

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 747 773 590 4.0 4.6 3.7

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 331 449 272 3.8 5.3 3.5

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 50 66 51 1.4 1.7 1.3

QUITS

Total private.......................................................... 3,332 3,595 3,061 2.6 2.8 2.3

1 to 9 employees................................................. 344 434 386 1.7 2.0 1.7

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 980 1,314 1,162 2.7 3.1 2.6

50 to 249 employees............................................. 1,222 1,190 954 3.1 3.2 2.7

250 to 999 employees........................................... 521 425 365 2.8 2.5 2.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 228 195 162 2.6 2.3 2.1

5,000 or more employees....................................... 35 37 33 1.0 1.0 0.8

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private.......................................................... 1,157 2,222 1,231 0.9 1.7 0.9

1 to 9 employees................................................. 190 400 137 0.9 1.8 0.6

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 323 642 440 0.9 1.5 1.0

50 to 249 employees............................................. 366 639 344 0.9 1.7 1.0

250 to 999 employees........................................... 186 290 211 1.0 1.7 1.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 83 233 86 1.0 2.8 1.1

5,000 or more employees....................................... 9 17 13 0.3 0.4 0.3

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................................................... 248 301 221 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 9 employees................................................. 44 75 59 0.2 0.3 0.3

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 68 76 76 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 249 employees............................................. 71 61 43 0.2 0.2 0.1

250 to 999 employees........................................... 39 58 15 0.2 0.3 0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 20 20 23 0.2 0.2 0.3

5,000 or more employees....................................... 5 11 5 0.1 0.3 0.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.