14

Table 7. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private
industry workers, by bargaining status and area size

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Jun, 1996 } Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997 | Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun, 1997
Workers, by bargaining status:
Union .. .| 124.2 126.0 1269 14 0s 07 3.0 26 22
Blue-collar occupations . 122.0 123.6 1247 2 2 2 2.4 22 22
Goods-producing industries ' .. 1225 124.1 125.4 1.0 4 1.0 27 23 24
Service-producing industries 2. 126.2 128.2 1288 14 5 5 32 27 24
Manufacturing ... 123.9 125.6 1265 8 3 z 28 22 24
Blue-collar occupations . 1235 125.4 126.2 2 3 6 27 25 22
Nonmanufacturing ... 124.3 126.1 1274 12 5 8 34 27 23
Nonunion ... 125.9 129.1 130.3 9 14 9 3.4 34 35
Blue-collar occupations 124.7 1275 128.9 2 1.0 1 33 32 34
Goods-producing industries 1 1264 128.9 130.2 1.0 7 1.0 32 32 3.3
Service-producing industries 2 125.7 129.1 130.2 9 13 2 38 36 36
Manufacturing ... 1275 130.3 131.7 1.0 5 14 3.0 32 33
Blue-collar occupations . 126.7 1298 131.2 1.0 8 14 3.3 35 36
Nonmanufacturing .. 125.2 1285 129.7 8 12 9 35 35 36
Workers, by region:
Northeast 126.0 1288 1298 2 2 8 32 34 3.0
South ... 125.1 1285 129.4 8 12 7 36 35 3.4
Midwest 126.2 129.0 130.4 2 1.0 14 3.3 34 3.3
West ... 1248 1277 128.9 12 2 9 32 36 3.3
Workers, by area size:
Metropolitan areas 125.8 1287 129.9 1.0 1.0 2 35 3.3 3.3
Other areas .... 124.2 127.7 1288 6 2 2 24 35 37
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia: Midwest—tllinois, Indiana,
Includes transportation, communication, and public uliliies; wholesale and retail lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. Dakota, and Wisconsin: and West—Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii,
3 'The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming,

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
and Vermont; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, © NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South aggregate, occupation, and industry series,


5

Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment Cost Index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by
industry and occupational group

Indexes (June

Percent changes for 3-months ended

Series 1989=100)
Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997 | Sep. 1995 | Dec. 1995 | Mar. 1996 | June 1996 | Sep. 1996 | Dec. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
COMPENSATION
Civilian workers .. 1318 1328 06 06 06 09 06 08 06 08
State and local government........] 133.2 133.8 6 7 6 6 6 8 5 5
Private industry workers 131.4 132.5 6 7 6 9 7 7 6 38
White-collar occupations 133.0 134.0 6 7 9 8 8 7 8 38
Blue-collar occupations 129.6 130.7 6 6 6 7 4 3 3 8
Service occupations .. 129.5 130.6 s 3 5 7 6 2 9 8
Goods-producing industies 1...) 131.4 132.7 8 8 4 2 7 6 2 1.0
Construction 1274 128.5 7 7 6 5 4 3 6 9
Manufacturing 132.4 133.6 8 8 5 9 8 7 2 2
Durables ... 132.9 134.0 5 8 3 12 6 7 4 &
Nondurables 1315 1328 6 1.0 7 5 12 7 3 1.0
Service-producing industries 2 1315 132.4 & 6 8 8 7 8 8 7
Transportation and public
utilities . 131.0 131.8 1.0 7 & 7 6 1.0 3 6
Wholesale trade ... 133.2 133.5 1.3 8 6 2 7 8 17 2
Retail trade ... soe] 128.7 129.5 7 4 15 “1 14 13 9 6
Finance, insurance, and real
estate 3 128.6 129.4 7 3 Wa 14 3 -& a4 6
Services .. 134.5 135.7 5 5 8 7 8 B 3
Nonmanufacturing industries... 131.0 132.0 7 & 7 & 7 9 7 8
WAGES AND SALARIES
Civilian workers 129.4 130.1 07 06 1.0 08 07 08 09 08
State and local government........] 131.4 132.2 6 8 6 8 6 8 & &
Private industry workers 1285 129.7 7 7 1.0 9 a7 8 2 2
White-collar occupations 130.2 131.2 7 7 14 9 8 8 10 8
Biue-collar occupations $ . 126.0 127.3 6 5 8 1.0 5 6 7 1.0
Service occupations .. 126.6 127.7 6 4 7 7 9 1.0 2 2
Goods-producing industies 13 | 127.5 128.9 6 7 8 1.0 8 6 8 14
Construction .| 1223 123.5 38 2 2 38 5 7 12 1.0
Manufacturing 3 129.1 130.3 5 6 9 9 2 5 5 9
Durables 3. 129.0 130.1 6 6 6 11 2 5 5 a)
Nondurables 1292 130.4 6 1.0 2 3 14 8 4 2
Service-producing industries? | 129.0 130.0 38 7 14 8 7 9 1.0 38
Transportation and public
utilities .. 128.1 128.9 8 6 6 3 7 8 9 6
131.8 131.8 14 14 2 2 7 7 18 0
127.4 128.4 7 2 241 A 1.0 1.3 13 8
Finance, insurance, and real
estate 3 124.5 125.3 9 3 1.2 18 2 O 19 6
Services 131.6 133.1 8 6 1.0 14 7 7 8 1
Nonmanufacturing industries ...| 128.2 129.2 8 7 1.0 9 6 1.0 2 8

See footnotes at end of table.


10

Table 4. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry

workers, by bargaining status and area size

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for ~
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
dun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997 | Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Workers, by bargaining status:
Union 129.7 131.0 131.8 0.9 02 06 34 19 16
Blue-collar occupations ...... 128.0 128.9 129.9 3 0 8 26 17 15
Goods- producing industries 1 129.0 130.0 131.2 2 2 9 28 16 17
Service-producing industries 2 130.3 131.9 132.4 1.0 2 4 37 22 16
Manufacturing ... 1298 130.8 131.7 8 2 7 25 16 15
Blue-collar occupations . 129.4 130.5 131.4 3 3 7 24 17 15
Nonmanufacturing ...... 129.2 130.6 131.5 2 2 7 34 2.0 18
Nonunion .. 128.7 131.8 1328 8 44 8 28 3.2 32
Blue-collar occupations 127.3 129.9 131.2 8 8 1.0 27 29 34
Goods-producing industries 1 129.4 132.0 133.2 3 5 9 28 29 29
Service-producing industries 2 . 128.3 1315 1325 8 12 8 28 33 33
Manufacturing ... 1305 133.4 134.4 2 5 1.0 28 29 3.0
Blue-collar occupations . 129.3 132.2 133.5 2 6 1.0 3.0 32 32
Nonmanutacturing 128.0 131.4 132.2 8 12 8 28 32 33
Workers, by region:
Northeast .... 129.7 132.2 133.1 & 8 7 24 26 26
South . 1278 130.8 1315 6 & 5 28 3.0 2.9
Midwest 130.7 133.3 134.7 2 cc} 1 “3.0 29 3.1
West ... 1273 130.3 131.4 14 14 38 32 35 32
Workers, by area size:
Metropolitan areas .. 129.1 1317 1328 9 8 8 3.0 29 29
Other areas .... 128.0 131.4 132.4 6 2 8 22 3.3 34

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

3 The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
and Vermont; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—illincis, indiana,
lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West—Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
aggregate, occupation, and industry series,


7

Table 2. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, civilian and state and
local government workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989-100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997 | Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 } Jun. 1997
Civilian workers._.... 129.2 132.0 132.8 07 08 06 29 29 28
Excluding sales 129.4 132.4 133.0 6 7 7 28 27 2.8
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 130.0 133.1 133.9 2 9 6 29 34 3.0
Excluding sales . 130.5 133.5 134.3 6 8 6 28 29 29
Professional specialty and technical 131.4 133.7 134.6 6 5 7 3.41 24 24
Executive, administrative, and
managerial ....... 129.1 133.2 134.0 5 1.3 6 27 37 38
Administrative support, including
clerical ... 130.8 133.6 134.6 5 38 7 27 27 29
Blue-collar occupations 127.7 129.8 130.9 8 5 8 26 24 25
Service occupations .. 128.7 132.0 132.7 5 8 5 23 3.4 34
Workers, by industry di
Goods-producing 1 129.3 131.5 132.7 8 5 x) 26 25 26
Manufacturing 130.4 132.6 133.8 3 4 3 28 26 26
Service-producing 129.1 132.1 132.9 7 2 & 29 3.0 29
Services . 131.2 134.4 134.9 6 7 6 27 28 28
Health services .. 133.4 135.2 135.7 7 & 4 25 2.0 17
Hospitals 132.9 134.2 134.6 5 3 3 25 14 13
Educational services 130.8 134.0 134.2 2 A a 27 27 26
Public administration 129.6 133.0 133.0 3 9 0 28 29 26
Nonmanufacturing . 128.8 131.7 132.5 7 9 6 29 3.0 29
State and local government workers ........| 130.2 133.2 133.3 2 4 A 26 28 2.4
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations . 129.9 132.9 133.0 2 3 A 26 25 24
Professional specialty and technical 129.5 132.5 132.5 3 2 t) 25 12.6 23
Executive, administrative, and
managerial . 131.0 134.1 134.4 2 9 2 28 26 26
Administrative support, including
elerical ... 130.4 133.3 133.5 3 2 2 28 25 24
Blue-collar occupations 129.5 132.1 132.3 4 7 2 25 2.4 22
Service occupations .. 192.3 135.6 135.6 3 8 0 27 28 25
Workers, by industry division
Services 130.3 133.2 133.3 2 A A 25 25 23
Excluding schools 3 130.8 132.5 132.9 4 4 3 24 17 16
Health services . 133.1 134.5 134.9 5 3 3 25 15 14
Hospitals ... 133.2 134.8 135.2 5 4 3 25 17 15
Educational services 130.0 133.1 133.2 2 A A 25 z 5
Schools .. 130.3 133.4 133.5 2 0 a 25 26 25
Elementary and secondary 130.5 133.1 133.3 2 0 2 24 22 24
“Colleges and universities 129.9 134.3 134.1 4 2 ot 3.0 38 32
Public administration... 129.6 133.0 133.0 3 a) 0 28 29 26
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration,

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail Formerly called hospitals and other services.


6

Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment Cost index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by
industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June

Percent changes for 3-months ended

Series 1989=100)
Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997 | Sep. 1995 | Dec. 1995 | Mar. 1996 | June 1996 | Sep. 1996 | Dec. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
BENEFIT COSTS
Civilian workers 138.5 139.3 os 05 ot 06 06 07 o4 06
State and local government .......| 137.5 137.6 8 6 7 4 4 7 5 4
Private industry workers 138.7 139.7 5 5 o Z 8 Z 0 7
White-collar occupations 1405 141.4 4 5 a 7 8 5 3 6
Blue-collar occupations 137.0 137.9 5 6 oO 7 2 7 ol 7
Service occupations .. 138.4 139.5 2 1 al 3 a & 2 8
Goods-producing industries !...} 139.4 140.7 4 1.0 -2 8 4 9 -6 9
Manufacturing ..... 139.4 140.8 5 14 “A 9 & 8 -6 1.0
Service-producing industries 2 | 138.3 139.1 4 4 4 6 7 6 4 6
Nonmanufacturing industries .... 138.8 139.4 5 3 1 5 5 7 4 4

7 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

2 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

trade

inance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
No identifiable seasonality was found for this series.


9

Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Jun, 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997 | Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Public utilities .. 1291 132.0 132.5 02 0.2 04 18 24 26
‘Communications 1275 130.2 130.5 24 -7 2 7 17 24
Electric, gas, and sanitary
SONICS cern 131.4 1342 134.9 8 14 5 3.2 32 29
Wholesale and retail trade 126.4 130.1 131.2 7 12 8 29 37 38
Excluding sales occupations 126.4 130.4 131.9 4 11 12 27 36 44
Wholesale trade 129.3 132.9 133.8 14 15 7 36 42 35
Excluding sales 1287 132.6 133.7 1.0 13 8 29 44 3.9
Retail trade 1248 128.5 129.7 2 9 3 25 32 3.9
General merchandise stores 123.6 126.4 127.7 1.0 4 1.0 24 3.3 33
Food stores ... 124.4 128.2 128.2 6 +2 0 34 37 34
Finance, insurance, and real estate . 1263 128.6 129.4 1.4 24 6 37 3.3 25
Excluding sales occupations .. 1285 1315 132.4 38 18 7 34 34 3.0
Banking, savings and loan, and other

credit agencies 1282 130.6 131.6 1.0 2.0 38 3.3 29 27
Insurance ... 128.2 131.9 132.1 5 18 2 29 34 3.0
Excluding sales occupations . 132.7 136.0 136.6 5 19 4 29 3.0 29
Services .. 131.7 134.6 135.7 8 9 8 27 3.0 3.0
Business services 129.2 133.3 134.2 2 14 7 34 34 3.9
Health services .. 133.5 135.5 135.9 7 7 3 25 22 18
Hospitals ... 132.8 134.0 134.4 5 2 3 24 14 12
Nursing homes = - - 1.0 7 s 34 28 23
Educational services 134.8 138.5 138.8 3 4 2 35 34 3.0
Colleges and universi 136.2 139.5 139.9 2 3 3 37 26 27
Nonmanufacturing industries 128.2 1314 132.1 8 1.0 8 29 34 3.0
White-collar occupations 129.5 132.7 133.6 8 12 7 3.4 33 3.2
Excluding sales 130.8 134.0 135.4 68 14 8 29 34 33
Blue-collar occupations 125.6 127.5 128.6 8 6 3 25 23 24
Service occupations .. 126.0 129.4 130.5 6 6 3 2.0 3.3 3.6

| This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

Eamnings index, which was discontinued in January 1989. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries,

Includes mining, construction, and manutacturing. ~ Data not available.


ve United States Zé
: Department SY

of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212
Technical contact: USDL: 97-247
Wayne Shelly 202/606-6199
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL
Media contact: IN THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED
Kathryn Hoyle 202/606-5902 UNTIL 8:30 A.M. (EDT), TUESDAY,
JULY 29, 1997
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX - June 1997

The Employment Cost Index (ECT) for June 1997 was 132.8 (June 1989=100), an increase of 2.8 percent
from June 1996, the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The ECI measures
changes in compensation costs, which include wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

Quarterly changes. seasonally adjusted

On a seasonally adjusted basis, compensation costs for civilian workers (private industry plus state and
local government) increased 0.8 percent during the March-June 1997 period. Three-month increases in
compensation costs have ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 percent for the last 4 4 years. Wages and salaries also
increased 0.8 percent during the March-June 1997 period. The increase for the December 1996-March 1997
period was 0.9 percent. Benefit costs increased 0.6 percent in the March-June 1997 period, about the same as
the quarterly increases from March-December 1996. In December 1996-March 1997, these costs increased 0.1

percent.
Table A. Percent changes in Employment Cost Index for civilian workers and private industry
Seasonally adjusted Unadjusted
3-months ended 12-months
Compensation Sep. Dec. Mar. June | Sep. Dec. Mar. June ended
Component 1995 1995 1996 1996] 1996 1996 1997 1997 June 1997
Civilian workers
Compensation costs 06 #06 06 09 | 06 08 06 08 2.8
Wages and salaries 0.7 O06 10 08/07 O08 09 08 3.2
Benefit costs 05 #05 O11 06/06 O07 O1 06 2.0
Private industry
Compensation costs 06 #07 06 09 | 07 07 06 08 2.9
Wages and salaries 07° #07 «10 #09) 07 08 09 09 3.3
Benefit costs 05 #05 00 07705 07 00 07 2.0

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 0.8 percent during the March-June 1997
period. Over the past four years, quarterly compensation increases have ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 percent in
private industry. Wages and salaries increased 0.9 percent in June, the same as in the March quarter. Benefit


Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED)

industry workers, by industry and occupational group

12

)): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private

Indexes (June 1989=100)

Percent changes for

Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997 | Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997

Private industry workers. 125.6 128.6 129.7 1.0 1.0 09 3.4 3.4 33
Excluding sales . 128.7 1286 129.9 38 2 1.0 32 34 33
White-collar occupations 127.0 130.2 131.3 1.0 1.2 8 35 35 3.4
Excluding sales .. 1276 130.8 132.0 7 14 3 34 32 3.4
Professional specialty and technical .. 128.8 131.0 132.4 8 8 14 35 25 28

Executive, administrative, and
managerial 126.8 131.0 132.1 7 13 8 35 at 42
Sales ... 124.4 1278 128.3 2.0 18 4 43 48 34

Administrative support, including
clerical ...... 1273 130.6 131.7 6 ce 8 34 32 35
Blue-collar occupations 123.7 126.0 127.3 1.0 7 1.0 3.0 29 29
Precision production, craft, and repair 123.7 125.8 127.4 14 6 13 32 28 3.0
Machine operators, assemblers,

and inspectors 124.5 127.2 128.5 2 6 1.0 3.0 34 32
Transportation and material moving 120.6 122.3 123.0 5 1.0 6 24 19 2.0

Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers .. 125.1 128.4 129.3 a 1.0 7 3.2 3.4 34
Service occupations . 128.0 126.6 127.6 7 8 25 3.6 37

Production and nonsupervisory
occupations 1... 124.9 127.7 1288 1.0 2 2 32 32 34
Goods-producing industries 2 128.1 1275 128.9 1.0 6 14 3.0 29 3.0
Excluding sales occupations . 124.6 127.0 1283 9 6 1.0 34 28 3.0
White-collar occupations 1273 130.0 131.4 2 7 1 28 3.0 32
Excluding sales . 1263 128.9 130.0 8 6 8 34 29 29
Biue-collar occupations . 123.7 126.0 1273 14 6 1.0 32 29 29
Construction ... 119.6 122.0 123.6 14 1.0 13 3.4 34 3.3
Manufacturing . 126.5 129.1 130.3 2 5 2 29 3.0 3.0
White-collar occupations 128.2 130.6 131.9 8 4 10 28 28 29
Excluding sales 127.0 129.3 1305 8 3 2 31 26 28
Blue-collar occupations 125.4 128.0 1292 1.0 8 9 34 34 3.0
Durables . 1265 129.0 130.1 14 5 2 29 34 28
Aircraft manu 130.3 132.0 133.5 1.0 28 1 3.0 23 25
White-collar occupations 125.9 1278 129.6 15 1.0 14 35 3.0 2.9
Blue-collar occupations . 136.4 137.7 138.8 2 4 8 24 12 18
Nondurables 1265 129.3 130.6 6 6 1.0 29 28 32
Service-producing industries ° . 1258 129.0 130.1 2 12 a) a5 34 3.4
Excluding sales occupations 1265 129.7 130.9 7 14 ) 33 33 35
White-collar occupations 1268 130.1 1312 1.0 12 8 37 36 35
Excluding sales 128.4 131.5 1327 7 12 a) 35 3.4 36
Blue-collar occupations 123.5 126.0 1272 7 1.0 1.0 27 27 3.0
Service occupations 1228 1265 127.5 7 7 8 25 37 38
Transportation and public utilities 125.0 128.2 128.8 3 9 5 25 29 3.0
Transportation 123.2 126.5 126.9 2 1.4 3 28 29 3.0

See footnotes at end of table.



11

Table 5. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, civilian
and state and local government workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997 | Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Civilian workers 126.1 129.2 130.1 08 09 07 32 3.3 3.2
Excluding sales . 126.2 129.2 130.2 7 9 8 3.4 3.4 3.2
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 127.3 130.6 131.5 8 1.0 7 3.4 34 3.3
Excluding sales . 127.8 131.0 132.0 8 8 8 32 3.4 3.3
Professional specialty and technical ...| 128.8 131.4 132.3 & 5 7 3.3 27 27
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .... 127.0 131.0 132.0 6 1.2 38 3.4 38 3.9
Administrative support, including
clerical 1274 130.4 131.4 6 1.0 8 3.0 3.2 34
Blue-collar occupa’ 123.9 126.2 1275 9 & 1.0 3.0 28 29
Service occupations . 1249 128.6 129.3 6 8 5 25 35 35
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing 1 125.1 127.6 128.9 1.0 6 1.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
Manufacturing ... 1265 129.1 130.3 a) 5 2 29 3.0 3.0
Service-producing 126.5 129.8 130.6 7 1.0 6 3.3 3.3 32
Services .... 128.9 132.0 132.9 7 7 7 33 34 34
Health services .. 130.0 132.4 133.1 5 8 5 27 24 2.4
Hospitals 129.2 131.0 1315 5 4 4 25 19 18
Educational services 129.1 1325 132.6 2 2 A 32 29 27
Public administration 125.3 128.9 129.0 3 2 1 25 32 3.0
Nonmanufacturing 125.9 129.1 130.0 7 1.0 7 33 3.3 3.3
State and local government workers ........] 128.1 131.4 131.5 2 4 1 28 28 27
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 128.2 131.4 1315 2 2 A 29 27 26
Professional specialty and technical 1286 131.9 132.0 2 2 A 29 28 26
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .... 128.0 131.3 131.7 2 8 3 3.0 28 29
Administrative support, including
clerical ... 126.1 1292 129.5 2 2 2 26 27 27
Blue-collar occupations 127.0 129.6 129.8 3 6 2 26 24 22
Service occupations .. 128.6 132.4 132.4 4 14 0 27 34 3.0
Workers, by industry division
Services ... 1289 132.1 132.2 2 2 A 3.0 27 26
Excluding schools 2 . 128.7 131.2 131.6 4 5 3 25 23 23
Health services 1299 132.4 132.6 5 5 4 26 22 24
Hospitals . 129.7 131.9 132.4 5 5 4 27 22 24
Educational services 1288 132.1 132.2 2 A A 3.4 28 26
Schools ... 128.9 132.2 132.3 2 0 a 3.0 27 26
Elementary and secondai 1295 132.4 132.6 2 0 2 29 24 24
Colleges and universities . 127.1 1315 131.4 2 2 “1 3.4 37 3.4
Public administration .. 125.3 128.9 129.0 3 2 4 25 3.2 3.0
1 Includes mining, construction, and manutacturing, trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration.

3

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

Formerly called hospitals and other services.


8

Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Jun, 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997 | Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997

Private industry workers 129.0 131.7 132.8 og 08 08 29 3.0 29
Excluding sales .... 129.2 131.9 133.0 7 8 8 28 28 29
White-collar occupations 130.0 133.1 134.1 8 14 8 3.0 32 32
Excluding sales .... 130.7 133.7 1348 6 2 8 29 29 34
Professional specialty and technical 132.6 134.6 135.9 8 7 1.0 3.3 23 25
1288 138.0 133.9 6 13 Z 27 3.9 40
126.9 130.1 1307 17 16 5 37 42 3.0

Administrative support, including
clerical . 130.8 138.7 | 41347 5 2 7 27 28 3.0
Blue-collar occupations .... 127.6 1296 130.8 8 5 2 26 24 25
Precision production, craft, and repair 127.7 1296 130.9 2 4 1.0 27 25 25

Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors ... 128.1 130.0 131.2 8 4 9 26 23 24
Transportation and material moving 1247 126.1 126.8 6 7 6 1.9 18 17

Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers ... 129.3 132.8 133.4 & 14 5 3.2 3.3 3.2
Service occupations ...... 1265 129.8 130.9 6 7 8 2.0 3.2 35
Production and nonsupervisory

occupations 1. 1286 131.4 192.1 2 8 8 29 28 27
Goods-producing industries 2 .. 129.3 131.4 132.7 2 4 1.0 27 25 26
Excluding sales occupations .. 129.0 134.4 1323 8 5 9 27 24 26
White-collar occupations 131.0 133.5 134.8 8 3 1.0 27 27 29
Excluding sales 130.2 1326 133.8 6 4 9 28 25 28
Blue-collar occupations 1283 130.2 131.4 3 3 2 27 24 24
Construction . 125.8 127.2 1287 8 6 12 27 23 27
Manufacturing ... 130.4 132.6 133.8 2 4 2 28 26 26
White-collar occupations 131.6 133.9 135.2 8 2 1.0 28 26 27
Excluding sales .. 130.5 132.8 133.8 8 2 8 3.4 25 25
Blue-collar occupations . 1295 131.7 1328 2 5 8 28 26 25
Durables .. 131.2 133.0 134.1 12 3 28 27 25 2.2
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) . 138.2 137.3 138.4 2 A 8 55 3 4
White-collar occupations 133.9 133.5 134.9 14 ot 1.0 53 38 7
Blue-collar occupations 144.1 142.3 142.8 6 0 4 59 “7 -9
Nondurables 1289 131.7 133.0 5 5 1.0 28 27 32
Service-producing industries 3 1286 131.6 1325 & 14 7 3.0 3.4 3.0
Excluding sales occupations 129.2 132.2 133.3 6 1.0 8 27 3.0 32
White-collar occupations... 1296 132.7 138.7 2 12 8 32 3.3 32
Excluding sales 130.9 134.0 135.1 7 414 8 3.0 34 32
Blue-collar occupations 126.0 128.2 129.2 & 7 8 24 24 25
Service occupations . 126.1 129.5 130.6 6 7 8 2.0 34 3.6
Transportation and public utilities 128.4 131.3 131.7 4 3 3.0 27 26
Transportation . 1277 130.6 130.9 & 14 2 38 29 25

See footnotes at end of table.



Employment Cost Index

Chart B. Changes in compensation, seasonally
| adjusted and not seasonally adjusted, private
industry

Chart A. Changes in wages and salaries and
benefit costs, private indt

Wages & salaries Benefits nnn ,
| ~ ~ H | Seasonally adjusted Not seasonally adjusted

12-month percent change
i 3-month percent change
BS:

81 83 85 93 95 (97

87 89

91

private industry and state and local
government

Private industry State and local gov't. |

Private industry State and local gov't.

12-month percent change : 12-month percent change

Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Compensation Levels and Trends July 1997 ocltinfo@bls.gov 202/606-6199



15

Table 8. BENEFITS (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for benefits only, civilian, state and local and private
industry workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series - 3 months ended 12 months ended
Jun, 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun, 1997
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997 | Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Civilian workers .. 136.9 138.9 139.6 0s 08 05 18 2.0 2.0
State and local government workers 135.1 137.4 137.4 3 4 0 22 2.0 7
Private industry workers .... 137.4 139.4 140.1 6 6 5 17 2.0 2.0
White-collar occupations 138.4 140.8 1415 5 8 5 18 23 22
Blue-collar occupations 136.4 137.2 138.0 7 A 6 19 15 14
Service occupations .. 136.3 138.3 139.6 4 7 2 5 19 24
Goods-producing industries 1 138.6 139.9 140.9 7 1 7 2.0 16 17
Service-producing industries 2 136.2 138.5 139.2 5 8 5 16 22

Manufacturing ..... 138.5 139.9 141.0 7 A 8 24 17 18
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 155.4 148.6 148.8 8 -2.0 1 10.4 “3.6 4.2
White-collar occupations 152.9 146.8 147.3 6 27 3 94 “3.4 37
Blue-collar occupations 158.4 150.9 150.4 14 9 “3 12.4 37 5.4
Nonmanufacturing .. 1367 138.9 139.5 5 7 4 15 24 2.0
Union workers . 140.0 140.2 140.9 6 4 & 33 8 6
Nonunion workers 1365 138.9 139.7 5 8 6 13 23 23

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.


17 .
Beginning with the March 1990 ECT release, indexes were rebased to June 1989=100. A description of
the rebasing is included in the article "Employment Cost Index Rebased to September 1989," in the April 1990
issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Beginning with the December 1990 ECI release, seasonally adjusted data are available for selected EC]
series. Seasonal adjustment removes the effects of events that follow a more or less regular pattern each year.
These adjustments make nonseasonal patterns easier to spot. ECI series are seasonally adjusted using either
direct or composite seasonally adjusted estimates. Industry and occupational series, such as construction and
service occupations, are adjusted directly. More aggregate series, such as civilian or private industry workers,
use composite estimates. The composite estimates could be obtained by aggregating either the industry or the
occupational components, and the results may differ depending on which method is used. The aggregate
seasonally adjusted ECI series are estimated by aggregating the component seasonally adjusted industry series, so
they are not necessarily a weighted average of the component occupation series.

The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on March 1996 data from the ECI, are
published in a separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 1996." A
description of the cost levels is provided in the article "Analyzing employers' costs for wages, salaries, and
benefits" in the October 1987 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. The cost levels, which are published annually,
with March as the reference month, are calculated with current employment weights, rather than the fixed 1990
weights used in computing the ECI. Therefore, year-to-year changes in the cost levels will usually differ from
those in the ECI.

More detailed information on the ECI is available in several sources. These include an annual bulletin,
Employment Cost Indexes and Levels. 1975-95, (Bulletin 2466); a chapter in the BLS Handbook of Methods
(Bulletin 2490), "National Compensation Measures," and several articles published in the Monthly Labor Review
and Compensation and Working Conditions. The annual bulletin is available from the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Illinois 60690, 312-353-1880. Reprints of the articles plus
other descriptive pieces and a complete historical listing are available upon request by calling 202/606-6199 or
email ocltinfo@bls.gov. ECI historical data are also available on data diskettes.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice
phone: 202-606-7828, Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD) phone: 202-606-5897, TDD Message
Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577.


Data for aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) that formerly appeared in table 9 now appear in the tables that
cover the individual compensation components. Thus, compensation estimates appear in table 3, wages and
salaries appear in table 6, and benefits appéar in table 8. In each of the tables, aircraft manufacturing is listed as a
subcategory of manufacturing.

The ECI for September 1997 is scheduled to be released Tuesday, October 28, 1997, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).

BLS Data Available on the World Wide Web and Fax On Demand

ECI data, as well as other data produced by BLS, are now available on the World Wide Web. The ECI
home page address is: bttp://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm. The BLS home page address is: http://stats.bls.gov.
To access data using GOPHER or Anonymous FTP, use the Internet address: stats.bls.gov.

For technical assistance in using the BLS Intemet site, send e-mail to: labstat.helpdesk@bls.gov. For
ECI data requests, send e-mail to: ocltinfo@bls.gov.

News releases and other information are available from the BLS fax-on-demand service. To request a
document fax, call 202-606-6325. To request a catalog of available documents, select option 2 at the initial
voice prompt. To request data found in this news release, enter the following codes:

Text 4110
Tables 1-4 4115
Tables 5-7 4120
Table 8 4125

Explanatory notes 4190



2

costs increased 0.7 percent in June; in March, benefit costs were unchanged. These benefit cost changes were
identical to those recorded for the March and June quarters in 1996. (See table 1.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 0.5 percent in the March-June
1997 period, the same increase as in the previous quarter. Wages and salaries, which have increased at three-
month rates of 0.6 to 0.9 percent for the last 4 4 years, rose 0.6 percent in the March-June 1997 period. Benefit
costs increased 0.1 percent, down from the 0.5 percent recorded in the December-March quarter. (See table 1.)

Qver-the-year changes, not seasonally adjusted

Compensation costs for civilian workers (not seasonally adjusted) increased 2.8 percent for the year
ended in June 1997; such costs rose 2.9 percent during the 12-month period ended in June 1996. (See table 2.)
In private industry, compensation costs increased 2.9 percent for the year ended in June 1997, the same as that
recorded for the year ended in June 1996. (See table 3.) In state and local government, these costs increased 2.4
percent over the year. (See table 2.)

In private industry, wages and salaries increased 3.3 percent for the 12-month period ended in June 1997.
For the year ended in June 1996, the increase was 3.4 percent. (See table 6.) Benefit costs for private industry
workers increased 2.0 percent in the year ended in June 1997. For the year ended in June 1996, the increase was
1.7 percent. (See table 8 and chart A.)

Over the year ended in June 1997, compensation cost increases in private industry were 3.2 percent for
white-collar workers, 2.5 percent for blue-collar workers, and 3.5 percent for service occupations. Among
occupational groups, increases ranged from 1.7 percent for transportation and material moving occupations to
4.0 percent for executive, administrative, and managerial occupations. (See table 3.)

For the year ended in June 1997, compensation cost gains in private industry were 2.6 percent for goods-
producing and 3.0 percent for service-producing industries. Among the specific industries, increases ranged from
0.1 percent for aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) to 3.9 percent for retail trade and business services. (See table
3.)

Over-the-year compensation cost increases in private industry were 3.2 percent for nonunion workers and
1.6 percent for union workers. In goods-producing industries, nonunion compensation costs increased 2.9
percent, and union compensation costs increased 1.7 percent. In the service-producing industries, nonunion
compensation costs increased 3.3 percent, and union compensation costs increased 1.6 percent. (See table 4.)


13

Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private
industry workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Jun, 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Jun. 1996 | Mar. 1997 } Jun. 1997 | Jun, 1996 | Mar. 1997 | Jun. 1997
Public utilities .. 127.1 130.1 130.9 05 02 06 24 28 3.0
Communications .. 1265 129.8 130.6 3 24 cy 15 29 32
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services . 1277 130.4 131.2 6 14 6 27 27 27
Wholesale and retail trade ... 1248 128.5 1297 7 12 9 35 37 3.9
Excluding sales occupations .. 124.9 129.3 134.4 4 13 14 3.3 39 5.0
Wholesale trade 128.0 131.4 132.2 15 14 6 43 42 3.3
Excluding sales occupations . 127.6 131.8 132.8 1.0 15 8 3.8 44 44
Retail trade ... ses 123.1 127.4 128.5 2 1.0 1 29 35 44
General merchandise storés ..... 121.7 125.0 | -1262 6 2 1.0 26 33 37
Food stores ... 121.2 1248 1247 6 1 “4 34 36 29
Finance, insurance, and real estate 121.9 1245 125.3 18 19 6 42 39 28
Excluding sales occupations .. 124.5 127.2 128.1 2 15 7 36 34 29
Banking, savings and loan, and other

credit agencies 124.2 125.9 126.8 12 17 38 26 24
Insurance ..... 124.1 127.9 128.0 4 15 1 27 35 34
Excluding sales occupations 128.6 131.6 132.2 5 15 27 28 28
Services .. 1287 131.8 133.0 a) 1.0 2 38 3.3 33
Business services . 127.7 134.4 132.4 6 1.0 8 3.9 35 37
Health services .. 130.1 132.5 133.2 & 8 5 27 25 24
Hospitals .... 129.1 130.7 131.2 5 3 4 25 17 16
Nursing homes - - - 8 1A 4 28 34 3.0
Educational servi 130.4 134.5 134.8 2 5 2 36 3.4 34
Colleges and universities .. 130.9 134.6 135.0 2 6 3 4.0 34 3.4
Nonmanufacturing industries ... 125.1 128.2 129.3 1.0 14 2 35 35 3.4
White-collar occupations 126.6 129.9 131.0 1.0 12 3 37 36 35
Excluding sales 127.8 1312 132.4 2 12 2 35 3.4 3.6
_ Blue-collar occupations . 122.0 1244 125.5 2 8 14 3.0 26 29
Service occupations .. 122.7 126.4 127.4 8 7 B. 24 36 38

1 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 8 includes transportation, communication, and pubiic utilities; wholesale and retail

Earnings index, which was discontinued in January 1989. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries,

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. = Data not available.


16
EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is a measure of the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence
of employment shifts among occupations and industries. The compensation series includes changes in wages and
salaries and employer costs for employee benefits. The wage and salary series and the benefit cost series provide
the change for the two components of compensation.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate or, for workers not paid on an hourly
basis, straight-time earnings divided by the corresponding hours. Straight-time wage and salary rates are total
earings before payroll deductions, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends and holidays,
shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses such as lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases.
Production bonuses, incentive earnings, commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments are included in
straight-time wage and salary rates.

Benefits covered by the EC] are: Paid leave (vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other leave);
supplemental pay (premium pay for overtime, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses such as lump-sum
payments provided in lieu of wage increases); insurance benefits (life, health, sickness and accident, and long-
term disability); retirement and savings benefits (defined benefit and defined contribution); legally required
benefits (social security, Federal and State unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, and other legally
required benefits such as State temporary disability); and other benefits (severance pay and supplemental
unemployment plans).

The ECI provides data for the civilian economy, which includes the total private economy and the public
sector--excluding farms, households, and the Federal government. The private industry series and the State and
local government series provide data for the two sectors separately.

Data for this quarter were collected from a probability sample of approximately 17,800 occupations
within about 4,200 sample establishments in private industry and approximately 4,500 occupations within about
850°sample establishments in State and local governments. Data are collected for the pay period including the
12th day of the survey months of March, June, September, and December.

The sample establishments are classified in industry categories based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC), as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

Within an establishment, specific job categories are selected to represent broader occupational definitions.
From June 1986 through December 1994, the jobs were classified according to definitions used in the 1980
Census. Prior to June 1986, they were classified according to the 1970 Census. Differences between the two
classification systems are slight, as indicated in the article “Introducing new weights for the Employment Cost
Index," in the June 1985 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning with March 1995, the jobs are classified
according to the 1990 Census, which differs little from the 1980 Census.

Fixed employment weights are used each quarter to calculate the most aggregate indexes--civilian,
private, and State and local governments. These fixed weights are also used to derive all of the industry and
occupation series indexes. Beginning in March’ 1995, 1990 employment counts primarily from the Bureau's
Occupational Employment Statistics survey were used. A description of the reweighting is included in an article
"Introducing 1990 Weights for the Employment Cost Index," that was published in the June 1995 issue of
Compensation and Working Conditions, and which is available upon request. From June 1986 through
December 1994, employment counts from the 1980 Census were used as weights. Prior to June 1986,
employment counts from the 1970 Census were used.

For the series based on bargaining status, region, or area size, employment data are not available from the
Census. The employment weights are reallocated within these series each quarter based on the current ECI
sample. The indexes for these series, consequently, are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate,
industry, and occupation series. A fuller explanation of the calculation of index numbers appears in an article,
"Estimation procedures for the Employment Cost Index," in the May 1982 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.