Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-16-1771

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, September 2, 2016

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — AUGUST 2016

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 151,000 in August, and the unemployment rate

remained at 4.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued to 

trend up in several service-providing industries. 

Household Survey Data

The number of unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 7.8 million in August, and the 

unemployment rate was 4.9 percent for the third month in a row. Both measures have shown little 

movement over the year, on net. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.5 percent), adult women 

(4.5 percent), teenagers (15.7 percent), Whites (4.4 percent), Blacks (8.1 percent), Asians (4.2 percent), 

and Hispanics (5.6 percent) showed little change in August. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

at 2.0 million in August. These individuals accounted for 26.1 percent of the unemployed. (See table A12.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, August 2014 – August 2016

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16

Percent Thousands

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

August 2014 – August 2016
- 2 - 

Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.8 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 59.7 

percent, were unchanged in August. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 6.1 million in August. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut 

back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.) 

In August, 1.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about the same as a year 

earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 576,000 discouraged workers in August, little different 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in August had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 151,000 in August, compared with an average monthly 

gain of 204,000 over the prior 12 months. Employment continued to trend up in several serviceproviding industries. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend up over the month (+34,000). 

Over the year, the industry has added 312,000 jobs. 

Social assistance added 22,000 jobs over the month, with most of the growth in individual and family 

services (+17,000). 

In August, employment in professional and technical services edged up (+20,000), about in line with 

its average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+24,000). 

Financial activities employment continued on an upward trend in August (+15,000), with a gain in 

securities, commodity contracts, and investments (+6,000). Over the year, financial activities has added 

167,000 jobs. 

Health care employment continued to trend up in August (+14,000), but at a slower pace than the 

average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+39,000). In August, hospitals added 11,000 jobs, and 

employment in ambulatory health care services trended up (+13,000). A job loss in nursing and 

residential care facilities (-9,000) offset a gain in July.

Employment in mining continued to trend down in August (-4,000). Since reaching a peak in September 

2014, employment in mining has declined by 223,000, with losses concentrated in support activities for 

mining.
- 3 - 

Employment in several other industries—including construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade,

retail trade, transportation and warehousing, temporary help services, and government—changed

little over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 34.3 

hours in August. In manufacturing, the workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours, while overtime 

was unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 3 cents to 

$25.73. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 2.4 percent. Average hourly earnings of 

private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 4 cents to $21.64 in August. 

(See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down from +292,000 to 

+271,000, and the change for July was revised up from +255,000 to +275,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in June and July combined were 1,000 less than previously reported. Over the past 3 

months, job gains have averaged 232,000 per month. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 7, 2016, 

at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Change from:

July 2016-

Aug. 2016

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 251,096 253,397 253,620 253,854 234

Civilian labor force........................................................... 157,061 158,880 159,287 159,463 176

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.6 62.7 62.8 62.8 0.0

Employed................................................................... 149,043 151,097 151,517 151,614 97

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.4 59.6 59.7 59.7 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 8,018 7,783 7,770 7,849 79

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 0.0

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,035 94,517 94,333 94,391 58

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.5 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.5 0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 16.8 16.0 15.6 15.7 0.1

White.......................................................................... 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 9.4 8.6 8.4 8.1 -0.3

Asian.......................................................................... 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.2 0.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.6 5.8 5.4 5.6 0.2

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.7 7.5 6.3 7.2 0.9

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.1 0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.3 0.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 4,014 3,776 3,739 3,791 52

Job leavers...................................................................... 787 828 824 885 61

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,344 2,268 2,298 2,271 -27

New entrants.................................................................... 846 902 826 861 35

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,106 2,418 2,160 2,290 130

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,354 2,140 2,266 2,329 63

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,254 1,129 1,150 1,056 -94

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,189 1,979 2,020 2,006 -14

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,481 5,843 5,940 6,053 113

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,826 3,443 3,642 3,727 85

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,229 2,062 1,981 1,929 -52

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 19,772 20,505 20,717 20,523 -194

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,812 1,779 1,950 1,713 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 624 502 591 576 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 271 275 151

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 238 225 126

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -23 -5 11 -24

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 -7 -6 -4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 -6 11 -6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -18 8 6 -14

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 -5 4 -16

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 -3.0 5.3 -5.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -12 13 2 2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 243 214 150

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 1.3 1.4 3.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 22.2 11.1 15.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 -6.5 15.1 14.9

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 2.2 0.5 -0.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 41 -4 4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 17 19 15

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 48 80 22

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 15.7 12.5 -3.1

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 52 44 39

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 49.5 56.2 36.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 53 45 29

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 13 2 7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 33 50 25

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 146 190 232

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 128 154 196

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.6 49.6 49.7

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.2 48.2 48.2

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 34.4 34.4 34.3

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.12 $25.62 $25.70 $25.73

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $869.15 $881.33 $884.08 $882.54

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.3 105.4 105.6 105.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.2 129.0 129.7 129.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.3 0.5 -0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 59.0 62.4 58.0

Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 46.8 50.0 45.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 623,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251,096 253,620 253,854 251,096 252,969 253,174 253,397 253,620 253,854

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,390 160,705 159,800 157,061 158,924 158,466 158,880 159,287 159,463

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 63.4 62.9 62.6 62.8 62.6 62.7 62.8 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,228 152,437 151,804 149,043 151,004 151,030 151,097 151,517 151,614

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 60.1 59.8 59.4 59.7 59.7 59.6 59.7 59.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,162 8,267 7,996 8,018 7,920 7,436 7,783 7,770 7,849

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,706 92,916 94,054 94,035 94,044 94,708 94,517 94,333 94,391

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,920 6,244 5,824 5,918 5,793 5,923 5,692 5,886 5,833

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,250 122,539 122,656 121,250 122,213 122,316 122,427 122,539 122,656

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,996 86,130 85,416 83,487 84,641 84,332 84,766 84,826 84,906

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 70.3 69.6 68.9 69.3 68.9 69.2 69.2 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,898 81,823 81,365 79,211 80,419 80,369 80,596 80,548 80,674

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 66.8 66.3 65.3 65.8 65.7 65.8 65.7 65.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,098 4,308 4,052 4,276 4,222 3,963 4,169 4,278 4,232

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.0 4.7 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,253 36,409 37,240 37,763 37,572 37,984 37,662 37,713 37,750

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,825 114,058 114,173 112,825 113,746 113,844 113,951 114,058 114,173

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,892 82,393 82,048 80,642 81,748 81,407 81,788 81,834 81,838

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 72.2 71.9 71.5 71.9 71.5 71.8 71.7 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,311 78,695 78,562 76,865 77,999 77,917 78,127 78,048 78,143

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 69.0 68.8 68.1 68.6 68.4 68.6 68.4 68.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,581 3,698 3,487 3,776 3,749 3,490 3,661 3,786 3,695

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,933 31,665 32,124 32,184 31,998 32,437 32,163 32,224 32,335

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,846 131,081 131,198 129,846 130,756 130,858 130,969 131,081 131,198

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,393 74,574 74,384 73,574 74,284 74,134 74,115 74,461 74,557

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 56.9 56.7 56.7 56.8 56.7 56.6 56.8 56.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,329 70,615 70,439 69,833 70,586 70,661 70,501 70,969 70,940

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.4 53.9 53.7 53.8 54.0 54.0 53.8 54.1 54.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,064 3,960 3,945 3,742 3,698 3,473 3,614 3,492 3,617

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,453 56,507 56,814 56,272 56,472 56,725 56,855 56,620 56,641

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,660 122,835 122,949 121,660 122,524 122,622 122,728 122,835 122,949

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,460 71,092 71,290 70,805 71,302 71,218 71,303 71,572 71,630

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 57.9 58.0 58.2 58.2 58.1 58.1 58.3 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,874 67,702 67,776 67,504 68,072 68,209 68,107 68,508 68,415

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 55.1 55.1 55.5 55.6 55.6 55.5 55.8 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,585 3,389 3,514 3,301 3,230 3,009 3,196 3,065 3,215

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,200 51,743 51,660 50,855 51,223 51,404 51,425 51,262 51,319

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,611 16,728 16,732 16,611 16,699 16,708 16,718 16,728 16,732

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,038 7,220 6,462 5,615 5,875 5,841 5,789 5,881 5,995

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 43.2 38.6 33.8 35.2 35.0 34.6 35.2 35.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,042 6,040 5,466 4,674 4,934 4,904 4,864 4,961 5,056

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 36.1 32.7 28.1 29.5 29.4 29.1 29.7 30.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996 1,179 996 941 941 937 926 920 938

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 16.3 15.4 16.8 16.0 16.0 16.0 15.6 15.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,573 9,508 10,270 10,996 10,824 10,867 10,928 10,847 10,737

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,024 198,253 198,380 197,024 197,906 198,013 198,132 198,253 198,380

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,676 125,849 124,998 123,387 124,749 124,299 124,551 124,793 124,756

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.5 63.0 62.6 63.0 62.8 62.9 62.9 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,168 120,140 119,477 117,903 119,369 119,222 119,133 119,426 119,281

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 60.6 60.2 59.8 60.3 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,508 5,709 5,521 5,485 5,380 5,077 5,418 5,367 5,475

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,349 72,404 73,382 73,637 73,157 73,714 73,581 73,460 73,624

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,815 65,659 65,401 64,599 65,178 64,932 65,112 65,232 65,226

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 72.5 72.1 71.8 72.1 71.8 71.9 72.0 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,328 63,059 62,883 61,944 62,600 62,498 62,526 62,556 62,546

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 69.6 69.4 68.9 69.2 69.1 69.1 69.1 69.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,488 2,601 2,518 2,655 2,578 2,434 2,586 2,676 2,680

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,120 54,510 54,566 54,382 54,984 54,754 54,869 54,948 54,863

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 57.2 57.2 57.4 57.8 57.5 57.6 57.6 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,755 52,239 52,245 52,180 52,798 52,775 52,682 52,913 52,720

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 54.8 54.8 55.1 55.5 55.4 55.3 55.5 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,365 2,271 2,321 2,202 2,185 1,979 2,187 2,035 2,144

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,740 5,680 5,031 4,406 4,587 4,612 4,570 4,613 4,666

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.5 46.0 40.7 35.8 37.2 37.4 37.0 37.4 37.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,085 4,843 4,349 3,779 3,970 3,949 3,925 3,957 4,014

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 39.2 35.2 30.7 32.2 32.0 31.8 32.0 32.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 837 682 628 617 664 645 656 652

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 14.7 13.6 14.2 13.4 14.4 14.1 14.2 14.0

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,438 31,904 31,945 31,438 31,792 31,828 31,866 31,904 31,945

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,449 19,753 19,840 19,394 19,413 19,410 19,532 19,522 19,768

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 61.9 62.1 61.7 61.1 61.0 61.3 61.2 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,529 18,004 18,167 17,563 17,700 17,822 17,854 17,885 18,165

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 56.4 56.9 55.9 55.7 56.0 56.0 56.1 56.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,919 1,750 1,673 1,831 1,713 1,588 1,678 1,637 1,603

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 8.9 8.4 9.4 8.8 8.2 8.6 8.4 8.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,989 12,151 12,106 12,044 12,379 12,417 12,334 12,382 12,178

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,773 9,067 8,960 8,762 9,013 8,889 9,000 8,994 8,947

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 68.3 67.3 67.1 68.1 67.1 67.8 67.7 67.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,979 8,326 8,298 7,955 8,155 8,218 8,262 8,254 8,264

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 62.7 62.4 60.9 61.6 62.0 62.3 62.1 62.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794 741 661 807 858 671 738 740 683

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 8.2 7.4 9.2 9.5 7.6 8.2 8.2 7.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,932 9,822 10,025 9,936 9,667 9,801 9,799 9,831 10,026

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 61.0 62.2 62.5 60.2 61.0 60.9 61.0 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,048 9,058 9,249 9,129 9,003 9,079 9,088 9,114 9,314

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 56.2 57.4 57.4 56.1 56.5 56.5 56.6 57.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884 764 776 807 665 722 711 717 712

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 7.8 7.7 8.1 6.9 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 864 855 697 732 720 733 697 795

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.9 34.4 34.0 28.0 29.2 28.7 29.2 27.7 31.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 620 619 480 542 525 504 518 587

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.2 24.7 24.6 19.3 21.6 20.9 20.1 20.6 23.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 244 236 217 190 195 228 179 208

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 28.3 27.6 31.2 26.0 27.1 31.2 25.7 26.1

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,558 15,211 15,304 14,558 14,853 14,938 15,032 15,211 15,304

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,107 9,736 9,705 9,110 9,448 9,413 9,504 9,651 9,702

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 64.0 63.4 62.6 63.6 63.0 63.2 63.4 63.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,794 9,341 9,298 8,789 9,090 9,027 9,172 9,281 9,290

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.4 61.4 60.8 60.4 61.2 60.4 61.0 61.0 60.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 395 406 321 357 386 332 369 412

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.1 4.2 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.8 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,451 5,475 5,600 5,448 5,406 5,525 5,529 5,560 5,603

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 39,737 40,732 40,825 39,737 40,474 40,558 40,646 40,732 40,825

Civilian labor force................................ 26,078 26,981 27,007 26,076 26,595 26,510 26,675 26,785 26,987

Participation rate............................... 65.6 66.2 66.2 65.6 65.7 65.4 65.6 65.8 66.1

Employed....................................... 24,344 25,463 25,483 24,347 24,960 25,032 25,136 25,347 25,468

Employment-population ratio............... 61.3 62.5 62.4 61.3 61.7 61.7 61.8 62.2 62.4

Unemployed.................................... 1,734 1,518 1,524 1,729 1,636 1,478 1,539 1,438 1,519

Unemployment rate......................... 6.6 5.6 5.6 6.6 6.1 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.6

Not in labor force................................. 13,659 13,752 13,818 13,661 13,878 14,048 13,971 13,947 13,838

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,361 14,900 14,912 14,357 14,685 14,598 14,751 14,842 14,897

Participation rate............................... 80.2 81.2 81.0 80.1 80.5 79.8 80.5 80.8 80.9

Employed....................................... 13,662 14,242 14,252 13,595 13,949 13,956 14,095 14,141 14,184

Employment-population ratio............... 76.3 77.6 77.4 75.9 76.5 76.3 76.9 77.0 77.1

Unemployed.................................... 699 658 660 761 736 642 656 701 713

Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 4.4 4.4 5.3 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,537 10,747 10,903 10,604 10,744 10,667 10,750 10,797 10,957

Participation rate............................... 58.2 57.8 58.5 58.5 58.2 57.6 58.0 58.1 58.8

Employed....................................... 9,760 10,136 10,238 9,864 10,041 10,058 10,067 10,226 10,322

Employment-population ratio............... 53.9 54.5 54.9 54.5 54.4 54.3 54.3 55.0 55.4

Unemployed.................................... 777 611 665 740 703 609 683 571 635

Unemployment rate......................... 7.4 5.7 6.1 7.0 6.5 5.7 6.4 5.3 5.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,180 1,334 1,193 1,116 1,166 1,244 1,175 1,146 1,133

Participation rate............................... 31.8 35.3 31.5 30.1 31.0 33.0 31.1 30.3 29.9

Employed....................................... 922 1,085 994 888 969 1,017 974 980 963

Employment-population ratio............... 24.9 28.7 26.2 23.9 25.8 27.0 25.8 25.9 25.4

Unemployed.................................... 258 249 199 227 196 227 201 166 170

Unemployment rate......................... 21.8 18.7 16.7 20.4 16.8 18.3 17.1 14.5 15.0

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,546 10,409 10,648 10,719 10,777 10,464 10,522 10,638 10,809

Participation rate.................................. 44.7 46.0 45.8 45.5 46.1 44.5 45.2 47.0 46.5

Employed.......................................... 9,776 9,756 9,922 9,894 9,966 9,720 9,734 9,969 10,035

Employment-population ratio................. 41.5 43.1 42.7 42.0 42.7 41.3 41.9 44.0 43.2

Unemployed....................................... 770 653 726 825 812 744 787 669 774

Unemployment rate............................ 7.3 6.3 6.8 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.5 6.3 7.2

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,617 35,495 36,029 35,496 35,501 35,536 35,260 35,547 35,793

Participation rate.................................. 57.3 57.0 57.5 57.1 57.2 57.1 57.2 57.1 57.1

Employed.......................................... 33,689 33,698 34,231 33,545 33,567 33,728 33,480 33,758 33,985

Employment-population ratio................. 54.2 54.1 54.6 53.9 54.1 54.2 54.3 54.2 54.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,928 1,798 1,798 1,951 1,934 1,808 1,780 1,789 1,808

Unemployment rate............................ 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.1

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,194 37,977 37,381 37,148 37,757 37,829 37,804 37,791 37,571

Participation rate.................................. 66.2 66.5 66.2 66.1 65.9 66.2 66.0 66.2 66.5

Employed.......................................... 35,535 36,319 35,743 35,525 36,204 36,364 36,231 36,182 35,970

Employment-population ratio................. 63.2 63.6 63.3 63.2 63.2 63.7 63.2 63.4 63.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,659 1,658 1,638 1,623 1,553 1,465 1,573 1,609 1,601

Unemployment rate............................ 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 52,065 53,720 53,645 52,510 53,316 53,398 54,102 54,100 54,068

Participation rate.................................. 73.8 73.4 73.5 74.4 74.3 74.3 74.4 74.0 74.1

Employed.......................................... 50,650 52,209 52,032 51,224 52,025 52,113 52,723 52,741 52,618

Employment-population ratio................. 71.8 71.4 71.3 72.6 72.5 72.5 72.5 72.1 72.1

Unemployed....................................... 1,415 1,511 1,613 1,287 1,291 1,285 1,378 1,359 1,450

Unemployment rate............................ 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,171 20,857 19,172 18,842 1,999 2,015

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,686 10,522 9,452 9,274 1,234 1,248

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.5 50.4 49.3 49.2 61.7 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,236 10,069 9,067 8,909 1,170 1,160

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.3 47.3 47.3 58.5 57.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 453 385 365 64 87

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.9 5.2 7.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,486 10,335 9,720 9,568 765 767

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,581 3,846 2,956 3,182 625 664

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,878 3,154 2,434 2,651 444 503

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.4 82.0 82.3 83.3 71.1 75.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,744 3,007 2,322 2,541 422 466

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6 78.2 78.6 79.9 67.6 70.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 147 112 110 22 37

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.2 5.0 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 692 522 531 180 161

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,479 3,431 2,936 2,893 543 538

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,832 2,740 2,410 2,336 422 403

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 79.9 82.1 80.8 77.6 75.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,724 2,612 2,331 2,241 393 371

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.3 76.1 79.4 77.5 72.4 69.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 127 79 95 28 32

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.7 3.3 4.1 6.7 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648 691 526 557 122 134

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,852 8,439 8,537 8,137 315 302

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,293 2,102 2,221 2,015 72 86

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9 24.9 26.0 24.8 22.9 28.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,198 2,023 2,125 1,942 72 81

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.8 24.0 24.9 23.9 22.9 27.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 78 95 73 0 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.7 4.3 3.6 – 5.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,559 6,337 6,316 6,122 243 216

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,259 5,141 4,743 4,630 516 511

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,683 2,526 2,387 2,271 296 255

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 49.1 50.3 49.0 57.4 49.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,570 2,426 2,288 2,184 282 242

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 47.2 48.2 47.2 54.6 47.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 100 99 87 14 14

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.8 4.8 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,576 2,615 2,356 2,359 220 256

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221,138 224,047 97,597 99,310 123,542 124,737

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,530 146,871 73,454 74,927 71,076 71,943

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 65.6 75.3 75.4 57.5 57.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,213 139,716 69,932 71,440 67,281 68,276

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 62.4 71.7 71.9 54.5 54.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,318 7,155 3,523 3,487 3,795 3,667

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.7 5.3 5.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,608 77,176 24,142 24,383 52,466 52,793

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,858 30,253 221,238 223,601

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,833 6,004 151,557 153,796

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.5 19.8 68.5 68.8

Employed............................................................................. 5,237 5,325 143,991 146,479

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.5 17.6 65.1 65.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 596 679 7,566 7,317

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.2 11.3 5.0 4.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,025 24,249 69,681 69,806

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,518 2,729 76,612 77,468

Participation rate..................................................................... 32.7 33.9 82.6 83.2

Employed............................................................................. 2,240 2,433 72,974 73,900

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.1 30.3 78.7 79.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 277 296 3,637 3,568

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.0 10.8 4.7 4.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,179 5,312 16,146 15,640

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,291 2,167 67,218 68,096

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.1 28.0 70.1 70.4

Employed............................................................................. 2,027 1,854 63,576 64,667

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 24.9 23.9 66.3 66.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 264 313 3,642 3,429

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.5 14.5 5.4 5.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,854 5,579 28,636 28,661

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,024 1,108 7,727 8,232

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.3 7.7 23.7 24.4

Employed............................................................................. 969 1,038 7,440 7,912

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.9 7.2 22.8 23.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 55 70 287 320

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.4 6.3 3.7 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,992 13,358 24,899 25,505

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 40,290 41,768 19,535 20,210 20,754 21,558

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,056 27,336 15,267 15,888 10,788 11,449

Participation rate.................................................. 64.7 65.4 78.2 78.6 52.0 53.1

Employed.......................................................... 24,914 26,134 14,745 15,367 10,169 10,766

Employment-population ratio................................. 61.8 62.6 75.5 76.0 49.0 49.9

Unemployed....................................................... 1,142 1,203 522 520 620 683

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.4 4.4 3.4 3.3 5.7 6.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,234 14,432 4,268 4,323 9,966 10,109

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 210,806 212,086 101,715 102,446 109,092 109,640

Civilian labor force.................................................. 131,334 132,464 68,729 69,529 62,605 62,935

Participation rate.................................................. 62.3 62.5 67.6 67.9 57.4 57.4

Employed.......................................................... 124,314 125,670 65,153 65,997 59,161 59,673

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.0 59.3 64.1 64.4 54.2 54.4

Unemployed....................................................... 7,021 6,793 3,576 3,531 3,444 3,262

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,472 79,622 32,985 32,917 46,487 46,705

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,539 2,597 2,718 2,350 2,592 2,585 2,516 2,388 2,520

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,590 1,763 1,783 1,436 1,706 1,689 1,651 1,605 1,617

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 922 809 915 889 856 862 840 766 873

Unpaid family workers........................... 26 25 20 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 146,689 149,840 149,086 146,666 148,377 148,429 148,640 149,155 149,118

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 137,890 140,983 140,323 137,989 139,411 139,574 139,777 140,468 140,431

Government..................................... 19,994 19,605 20,065 20,624 20,323 20,599 20,186 20,430 20,670

Private industries............................... 117,896 121,378 120,258 117,340 119,136 119,011 119,592 119,988 119,736

Private households.......................... 825 756 763 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 117,072 120,621 119,495 116,512 118,390 118,282 118,837 119,250 118,982

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,747 8,777 8,661 8,667 8,872 8,816 8,772 8,660 8,621

Unpaid family workers........................... 52 80 101 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,361 6,157 5,963 6,481 5,962 6,430 5,843 5,940 6,053

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,674 3,742 3,620 3,826 3,709 3,890 3,443 3,642 3,727

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,227 1,990 1,885 2,229 2,009 2,086 2,062 1,981 1,929

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 17,933 19,088 18,495 19,772 20,469 20,606 20,505 20,717 20,523

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,265 6,071 5,845 6,374 5,874 6,372 5,745 5,846 5,931

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,621 3,676 3,531 3,775 3,651 3,828 3,377 3,566 3,641

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,216 1,979 1,878 2,227 1,995 2,076 2,052 1,965 1,911

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 17,597 18,697 18,135 19,481 20,114 20,224 20,101 20,337 20,185

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,228 152,437 151,804 149,043 151,004 151,030 151,097 151,517 151,614

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,042 6,040 5,466 4,674 4,934 4,904 4,864 4,961 5,056

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,779 2,309 2,019 1,620 1,692 1,732 1,839 1,811 1,829

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,263 3,731 3,447 3,050 3,239 3,193 3,032 3,149 3,225

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,185 146,397 146,338 144,370 146,070 146,126 146,234 146,556 146,558

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,535 14,416 14,410 14,313 14,016 14,090 14,023 13,865 14,139

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,651 131,981 131,927 130,076 131,998 131,965 132,251 132,756 132,464

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,506 97,628 97,691 96,632 97,648 97,765 97,793 98,042 97,870

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,682 33,694 33,897 32,769 33,390 33,518 33,662 33,812 33,947

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,315 31,453 31,353 31,348 31,445 31,578 31,543 31,627 31,404

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,509 32,481 32,440 32,515 32,813 32,669 32,588 32,602 32,520

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,145 34,353 34,236 33,444 34,350 34,200 34,459 34,714 34,594

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,898 81,823 81,365 79,211 80,419 80,369 80,596 80,548 80,674

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,587 3,128 2,803 2,345 2,420 2,452 2,469 2,500 2,531

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 1,165 1,016 806 789 826 906 869 895

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,687 1,962 1,787 1,539 1,621 1,630 1,571 1,627 1,631

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,311 78,695 78,562 76,865 77,999 77,917 78,127 78,048 78,143

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,472 7,511 7,462 7,257 7,274 7,221 7,229 7,120 7,238

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,839 71,184 71,100 69,622 70,710 70,647 70,899 70,987 70,913

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,127 52,623 52,621 51,889 52,388 52,431 52,493 52,395 52,401

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,775 18,285 18,309 17,712 18,060 18,136 18,209 18,197 18,238

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,002 17,101 17,065 16,928 17,017 17,059 17,084 17,048 16,996

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,350 17,237 17,247 17,249 17,312 17,236 17,200 17,149 17,167

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,712 18,561 18,479 17,732 18,321 18,216 18,406 18,592 18,512

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,329 70,615 70,439 69,833 70,586 70,661 70,501 70,969 70,940

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,455 2,912 2,663 2,328 2,514 2,452 2,394 2,461 2,525

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 1,143 1,003 814 903 906 934 942 934

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,576 1,769 1,660 1,512 1,618 1,563 1,461 1,522 1,594

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,874 67,702 67,776 67,504 68,072 68,209 68,107 68,508 68,415

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,063 6,905 6,949 7,057 6,742 6,868 6,794 6,745 6,901

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,812 60,797 60,827 60,454 61,288 61,318 61,353 61,768 61,551

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,379 45,005 45,070 44,742 45,259 45,334 45,300 45,646 45,469

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,907 15,409 15,588 15,057 15,330 15,382 15,453 15,614 15,709

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,313 14,352 14,288 14,419 14,427 14,519 14,460 14,579 14,408

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,158 15,244 15,193 15,267 15,502 15,433 15,387 15,453 15,352

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,433 15,792 15,758 15,712 16,028 15,984 16,053 16,122 16,082

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,048 45,447 45,538 44,985 45,207 45,023 45,562 45,532 45,478

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,516 34,540 34,881 34,980 35,227 35,158 35,171 35,316 35,350

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,696 9,809 9,627 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,420 125,507 125,892 122,045 123,194 123,135 123,586 123,892 124,301

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,808 26,930 25,912 26,949 27,797 27,936 27,445 27,595 27,207

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,901 7,190 7,234 7,224 7,411 7,412 7,207 7,361 7,562

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,176 5,468 5,342 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,669 9,586 9,577 9,556 9,728 9,678 9,612 9,426 9,495

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 8,018 7,770 7,849 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 941 920 938 16.8 16.0 16.0 16.0 15.6 15.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 371 328 366 18.6 19.7 18.5 17.0 15.3 16.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 574 594 579 15.8 13.5 14.4 15.5 15.9 15.2

20 years and over................................ 7,077 6,850 6,910 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,393 1,369 1,246 8.9 8.8 8.3 8.7 9.0 8.1

25 years and over.............................. 5,705 5,473 5,681 4.2 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1

25 to 54 years............................... 4,401 4,139 4,423 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.3

25 to 34 years............................. 1,822 1,789 1,861 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.2

35 to 44 years............................. 1,265 1,142 1,331 3.9 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.5 4.1

45 to 54 years............................. 1,314 1,208 1,232 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6

55 years and over........................... 1,316 1,326 1,268 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,276 4,278 4,232 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 500 493 537 17.6 16.4 16.2 17.1 16.5 17.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 186 154 196 18.8 20.6 19.3 18.3 15.0 17.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 316 342 345 17.0 13.2 14.3 16.9 17.4 17.5

20 years and over................................ 3,776 3,786 3,695 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 791 796 743 9.8 9.5 8.8 9.4 10.1 9.3

25 years and over.............................. 2,989 2,979 2,950 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0

25 to 54 years............................... 2,269 2,236 2,251 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1

25 to 34 years............................. 980 960 964 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0

35 to 44 years............................. 620 612 665 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.8

45 to 54 years............................. 668 664 622 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.5

55 years and over........................... 720 743 698 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.6

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,742 3,492 3,617 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 441 427 402 15.9 15.7 15.9 14.8 14.8 13.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 184 174 171 18.5 18.9 17.8 15.6 15.6 15.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 258 252 234 14.6 13.7 14.5 14.0 14.2 12.8

20 years and over................................ 3,301 3,065 3,215 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 602 573 503 7.9 8.1 7.7 7.9 7.8 6.8

25 years and over.............................. 2,715 2,494 2,731 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.2

25 to 54 years............................... 2,132 1,903 2,172 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.0 4.6

25 to 34 years............................. 842 829 897 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.4

35 to 44 years............................. 645 530 665 4.3 4.4 3.6 4.1 3.5 4.4

45 to 54 years............................. 646 543 609 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.8

55 years and over........................... 591 562 558 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,273 1,219 1,240 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,125 1,106 1,107 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0

Women who maintain families1

.................... 855 765 821 8.1 6.7 6.6 7.3 7.2 7.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 6,604 6,342 6,411 5.1 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,379 1,434 1,427 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.0

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,987 3,869 3,787 4,014 3,855 3,573 3,776 3,739 3,791

On temporary layoff.............................. 954 1,165 1,000 968 841 829 1,097 997 998

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 3,032 2,704 2,787 3,046 3,014 2,744 2,679 2,743 2,792

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,116 2,014 1,987 2,137 2,058 1,982 1,917 2,021 2,005

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 916 690 800 909 957 762 763 722 787

Job leavers........................................... 849 865 967 787 851 796 828 824 885

Reentrants............................................ 2,389 2,429 2,283 2,344 2,357 2,209 2,268 2,298 2,271

New entrants......................................... 938 1,104 959 846 839 865 902 826 861

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 48.8 46.8 47.4 50.2 48.8 48.0 48.6 48.6 48.6

On temporary layoff.............................. 11.7 14.1 12.5 12.1 10.6 11.1 14.1 13.0 12.8

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 37.2 32.7 34.9 38.1 38.2 36.9 34.5 35.7 35.8

Job leavers........................................... 10.4 10.5 12.1 9.9 10.8 10.7 10.7 10.7 11.3

Reentrants............................................ 29.3 29.4 28.5 29.3 29.8 29.7 29.2 29.9 29.1

New entrants......................................... 11.5 13.4 12.0 10.6 10.6 11.6 11.6 10.7 11.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

Reentrants............................................ 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

New entrants......................................... 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,100 2,476 2,308 2,106 2,545 2,207 2,418 2,160 2,290

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,744 2,731 2,746 2,354 2,131 2,239 2,140 2,266 2,329

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,318 3,060 2,942 3,443 3,367 3,058 3,108 3,170 3,062

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,136 1,033 946 1,254 1,304 1,173 1,129 1,150 1,056

27 weeks and over............................... 2,183 2,027 1,996 2,189 2,063 1,885 1,979 2,020 2,006

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 27.6 26.3 26.7 28.3 27.7 26.7 27.7 28.1 27.6

Median duration, in weeks......................... 11.0 9.6 10.3 12.1 11.4 10.7 10.3 11.6 11.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 25.7 30.0 28.9 26.6 31.6 29.4 31.5 28.4 29.8

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 33.6 33.0 34.3 29.8 26.5 29.8 27.9 29.8 30.3

15 weeks and over.................................. 40.7 37.0 36.8 43.6 41.9 40.8 40.5 41.7 39.9

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 13.9 12.5 11.8 15.9 16.2 15.6 14.7 15.1 13.8

27 weeks and over............................... 26.7 24.5 25.0 27.7 25.7 25.1 25.8 26.6 26.1

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 149,228 151,804 8,162 7,996 5.2 5.0

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 57,288 58,526 1,686 1,869 2.9 3.1

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 24,331 24,668 555 641 2.2 2.5

Professional and related occupations.......................... 32,957 33,858 1,132 1,227 3.3 3.5

Service occupations................................................ 26,886 27,943 1,847 1,643 6.4 5.6

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,158 33,123 1,738 1,522 5.0 4.4

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,596 15,646 890 793 5.4 4.8

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,561 17,477 848 729 4.6 4.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,025 14,359 817 773 5.5 5.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,145 1,246 62 67 5.1 5.1

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,774 8,116 585 513 7.0 5.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,106 4,996 170 193 3.2 3.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,871 17,854 1,109 1,217 5.8 6.4

Production occupations.......................................... 8,619 8,225 482 480 5.3 5.5

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,252 9,629 627 737 6.3 7.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 8,162 7,996 5.2 5.0

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 6,039 5,820 4.9 4.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 77 42 8.0 5.4

Construction.......................................................................... 525 454 6.1 5.1

Manufacturing........................................................................ 639 652 4.0 4.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 426 415 4.2 4.2

Nondurable goods................................................................ 213 237 3.6 4.1

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,034 985 5.1 4.9

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 251 331 4.0 5.0

Information............................................................................ 151 130 5.2 5.0

Financial activities................................................................... 236 269 2.5 2.8

Professional and business services............................................... 852 749 5.4 4.4

Education and health services..................................................... 934 956 4.1 4.1

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,012 962 7.2 6.6

Other services........................................................................ 328 290 4.8 4.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 87 67 5.3 3.7

Government workers................................................................... 779 778 3.7 3.7

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 319 371 3.2 3.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.2 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 10.3 10.1 9.7 10.3 9.7 9.7 9.6 9.7 9.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2015

Aug.

2016

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 93,706 94,054 37,253 37,240 56,453 56,814

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,920 5,824 2,589 2,616 3,331 3,208

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,812 1,713 967 916 846 797

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 624 576 391 349 234 227

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,188 1,137 576 567 612 570

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,901 7,234 3,475 3,558 3,427 3,676

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.9 5.2

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,832 3,991 2,150 2,207 1,682 1,784

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,708 2,005 561 741 1,146 1,264

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 286 279 183 146 103 133

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,038 897 555 438 482 458

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Change

from:

July2016 -

Aug.2016p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,973 145,199 144,200 144,424 142,151 144,172 144,447 144,598 151

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,029 123,174 123,262 123,295 120,102 122,034 122,259 122,385 126

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,957 19,909 19,978 19,977 19,562 19,613 19,624 19,600 -24

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 690 693 689 803 689 683 679 -4

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 50.7 51.4 51.7 52.3 50.3 49.5 49.4 -0.1

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758.8 639.0 641.1 637.3 750.8 639.1 633.9 629.6 -4.3

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.4 173.7 173.9 174.1 190.9 172.9 172.0 172.8 0.8

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.4 185.2 183.9 185.0 196.7 181.0 179.8 179.9 0.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 53.3 52.4 52.4 64.5 53.2 52.5 52.1 -0.4

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3 38.8 38.4 38.5 41.0 38.2 38.0 38.2 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.2 93.1 93.1 94.1 91.3 89.7 89.3 89.6 0.3

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.0 280.1 283.3 278.2 363.2 285.2 282.1 276.9 -5.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,734 6,847 6,915 6,917 6,441 6,635 6,646 6,640 -6

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,461.8 1,492.4 1,507.6 1,503.6 1,413.0 1,458.5 1,461.7 1,458.6 -3.1

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714.8 739.2 746.2 748.9 690.6 721.1 721.6 726.3 4.7

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747.0 753.2 761.4 754.7 722.4 737.4 740.1 732.3 -7.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,002.7 982.7 993.7 993.0 935.9 933.6 934.3 927.8 -6.5

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,269.9 4,371.9 4,413.7 4,419.9 4,092.3 4,242.4 4,250.4 4,253.6 3.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,857.7 1,931.1 1,944.9 1,945.9 1,774.1 1,863.3 1,864.4 1,870.5 6.1

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,412.2 2,440.8 2,468.8 2,474.0 2,318.2 2,379.1 2,386.0 2,383.1 -2.9

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,409 12,372 12,370 12,371 12,318 12,289 12,295 12,281 -14

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,794 7,733 7,716 7,705 7,756 7,681 7,685 7,669 -16

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.2 388.4 387.0 387.7 379.4 383.5 382.7 382.6 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.6 409.6 410.0 407.5 397.0 399.7 399.7 398.3 -1.4

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391.6 375.1 374.2 371.8 391.3 374.6 374.0 371.5 -2.5

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,458.8 1,433.6 1,429.8 1,428.1 1,454.3 1,427.4 1,425.2 1,425.0 -0.2

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,119.2 1,086.4 1,084.5 1,081.8 1,117.3 1,080.7 1,080.1 1,080.6 0.5

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,056.9 1,046.0 1,042.3 1,041.7 1,051.2 1,039.6 1,036.3 1,035.6 -0.7

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 163.5 164.0 165.0 164.0 161.5 162.5 162.5 161.8 -0.7

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.5 85.1 85.1 85.2 87.3 84.6 84.9 84.9 0.0

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.2 364.5 360.8 361.4 367.3 362.3 359.6 359.5 -0.1

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401.5 397.5 396.7 396.3 399.9 395.2 394.7 394.6 -0.1

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 34.9 34.7 34.8 35.1 34.9 34.7 34.8 0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 386.7 386.2 386.3 383.6 384.7 383.7 383.9 381.9 -2.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,607.6 1,615.1 1,610.9 1,612.3 1,606.0 1,605.5 1,616.3 1,609.9 -6.4

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918.5 933.1 926.6 928.0 916.9 926.0 931.3 925.7 -5.6

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.3 390.5 389.9 389.9 380.2 388.1 386.9 386.1 -0.8

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598.0 601.9 601.0 600.1 595.0 597.8 599.6 597.8 -1.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,615 4,639 4,654 4,666 4,562 4,608 4,610 4,612 2

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,535.7 1,546.2 1,565.3 1,582.5 1,501.6 1,537.6 1,541.7 1,546.2 4.5

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.6 114.0 112.8 112.2 115.5 113.0 112.8 112.2 -0.6

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.7 117.5 115.5 114.7 116.5 116.3 115.0 114.6 -0.4

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.8 132.3 129.4 130.6 136.7 132.2 130.8 130.4 -0.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.5 373.9 372.6 372.5 373.2 371.5 370.4 371.1 0.7

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 448.0 444.8 442.3 439.8 446.9 442.6 441.6 439.1 -2.5

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.9 117.5 118.0 117.8 115.6 115.4 115.2 115.6 0.4

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812.4 823.0 824.3 821.2 809.8 818.6 819.1 819.0 -0.1

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690.1 695.5 695.7 694.1 687.0 691.7 691.8 691.3 -0.5

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267.0 273.9 278.5 280.3 259.6 269.5 271.8 272.7 0.9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,072 103,265 103,284 103,318 100,540 102,421 102,635 102,785 150

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,960 27,364 27,348 27,346 26,978 27,311 27,339 27,373 34

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,908.3 5,960.3 5,956.8 5,953.0 5,879.3 5,921.0 5,922.4 5,926.3 3.9

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,952.0 2,965.3 2,964.9 2,967.5 2,935.9 2,948.5 2,949.1 2,952.4 3.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,050.1 2,080.5 2,079.0 2,073.0 2,039.8 2,061.0 2,063.2 2,063.4 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Change

from:

July2016 -

Aug.2016p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906.2 914.5 912.9 912.5 903.6 911.5 910.1 910.5 0.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,669.3 15,957.1 15,975.5 15,954.3 15,674.6 15,941.8 15,952.9 15,968.0 15.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,958.5 2,009.0 2,011.9 2,014.0 1,940.4 1,991.9 1,993.8 1,997.9 4.1

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,252.0 1,291.7 1,294.1 1,296.2 1,245.2 1,286.3 1,287.9 1,290.0 2.1

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.7 158.4 159.2 156.5 146.3 149.5 149.9 150.1 0.2

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 552.8 558.9 558.6 561.3 548.9 556.2 555.9 557.9 2.0

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 467.4 477.6 479.3 482.9 473.4 484.3 485.9 488.7 2.8

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 515.4 515.5 517.1 514.5 527.9 528.4 528.2 527.1 -1.1

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,241.2 1,351.3 1,322.2 1,296.5 1,238.1 1,285.7 1,286.1 1,293.7 7.6

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,090.5 3,137.8 3,135.5 3,128.5 3,073.1 3,105.7 3,104.4 3,109.2 4.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029.5 1,047.6 1,045.1 1,043.0 1,031.3 1,047.9 1,047.0 1,045.7 -1.3

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924.2 932.1 935.3 936.5 907.3 920.2 921.9 920.9 -1.0

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,370.2 1,348.4 1,370.6 1,377.0 1,372.0 1,378.0 1,379.7 1,377.9 -1.8

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610.7 607.7 610.2 617.8 618.4 629.8 629.7 630.1 0.4

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,112.4 3,155.4 3,166.9 3,162.1 3,147.6 3,192.8 3,195.4 3,197.2 1.8

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,300.0 1,281.1 1,291.1 1,283.9 1,326.1 1,312.3 1,311.6 1,308.8 -2.8

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,812.4 1,874.3 1,875.8 1,878.2 1,821.5 1,880.6 1,883.8 1,888.5 4.7

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838.4 848.0 851.5 848.6 826.7 841.0 841.9 839.2 -2.7

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510.9 526.7 529.9 532.9 518.4 536.1 538.9 540.4 1.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,817.8 4,878.8 4,844.8 4,871.4 4,862.7 4,883.9 4,899.0 4,913.9 14.9

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461.8 474.1 474.8 476.4 458.7 470.4 470.7 472.7 2.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.2 217.0 217.4 217.4 241.0 216.2 216.7 216.8 0.1

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 65.0 65.2 64.4 63.8 62.8 62.4 62.3 -0.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,483.7 1,472.5 1,475.1 1,482.5 1,460.4 1,454.4 1,456.3 1,459.7 3.4

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416.6 463.5 417.6 420.8 478.0 472.9 478.0 480.2 2.2

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 48.2 48.3 48.1 49.9 48.1 48.0 48.1 0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 42.4 37.0 40.4 41.4 33.2 29.9 30.9 30.9 0.0

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 656.9 651.8 652.2 650.7 654.3 648.5 650.2 649.1 -1.1

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578.9 598.2 591.9 601.6 604.2 620.4 622.8 626.8 4.0

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820.5 851.5 861.9 868.1 819.2 860.3 863.0 867.3 4.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.3 567.6 570.6 567.2 560.9 564.6 565.1 564.3 -0.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,768 2,797 2,790 2,796 2,753 2,782 2,778 2,782 4

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 727.4 725.5 730.1 732.4 725.1 725.4 727.4 730.2 2.8

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.2 433.3 426.6 428.9 400.2 421.0 418.3 418.1 -0.2

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277.9 277.6 274.8 276.3 278.6 277.2 275.2 277.3 2.1

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.5 797.1 796.5 795.2 808.1 797.9 797.0 794.4 -2.6

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.9 301.3 299.7 300.0 298.2 300.4 299.2 300.1 0.9

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.1 262.2 262.4 263.1 243.1 260.1 260.5 261.6 1.1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,208 8,338 8,378 8,379 8,150 8,283 8,302 8,317 15

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,070.9 6,163.3 6,184.3 6,191.2 6,056.6 6,148.3 6,160.0 6,174.4 14.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.0 18.0 18.2 18.0 17.8 17.9 17.9 17.8 -0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,581.9 2,608.3 2,617.4 2,620.5 2,573.0 2,600.7 2,605.8 2,609.9 4.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,685.5 1,693.7 1,697.2 1,697.2 1,679.1 1,688.7 1,689.3 1,690.6 1.3

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,273.5 1,270.1 1,273.2 1,271.5 1,269.8 1,267.7 1,267.9 1,267.5 -0.4

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 599.7 604.7 608.0 610.8 596.9 603.3 606.6 607.5 0.9

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 296.7 309.9 312.2 312.5 296.9 308.7 309.9 311.8 1.9

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 916.6 928.9 935.1 940.0 913.0 927.8 929.5 935.3 5.8

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,554.4 2,608.1 2,613.6 2,612.7 2,552.8 2,601.9 2,606.8 2,611.4 4.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,137.5 2,174.5 2,193.6 2,188.1 2,093.3 2,134.7 2,141.5 2,142.1 0.6

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,548.0 1,576.2 1,590.1 1,593.4 1,523.5 1,557.9 1,561.7 1,567.1 5.4

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565.4 574.6 579.6 571.0 546.0 553.4 556.3 551.6 -4.7

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 24.1 23.7 23.9 23.7 23.8 23.4 23.5 23.4 -0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Change

from:

July2016 -

Aug.2016p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,883 20,344 20,376 20,428 19,742 20,182 20,262 20,284 22

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,647.3 8,886.1 8,937.9 8,936.5 8,668.4 8,897.7 8,934.8 8,954.9 20.1

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,121.5 1,133.3 1,134.7 1,128.4 1,118.6 1,124.0 1,125.0 1,125.0 0.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 925.7 961.0 960.2 960.8 989.0 1,018.9 1,023.7 1,024.4 0.7

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,429.0 1,455.5 1,466.0 1,463.8 1,411.6 1,438.0 1,443.7 1,446.0 2.3

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.6 143.7 144.7 145.0 135.4 142.9 144.1 144.9 0.8

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,937.9 1,994.8 2,014.7 2,019.3 1,928.5 1,992.9 2,002.0 2,008.1 6.1

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,286.6 1,339.7 1,349.4 1,355.4 1,280.9 1,336.2 1,342.4 1,349.7 7.3

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662.6 679.8 682.4 681.5 659.3 671.9 673.9 677.1 3.2

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 491.3 497.3 501.7 496.4 490.0 495.6 499.2 495.7 -3.5

Other professional and technical services. . . 657.1 681.0 684.1 685.9 655.0 677.4 680.8 683.9 3.1

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,236.9 2,279.7 2,290.2 2,288.4 2,225.6 2,268.7 2,276.0 2,277.4 1.4

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,998.5 9,177.7 9,147.5 9,203.4 8,848.3 9,015.4 9,051.6 9,051.9 0.3

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,593.1 8,763.9 8,730.2 8,785.7 8,450.1 8,609.6 8,644.4 8,641.9 -2.5

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.7 492.4 494.3 497.4 469.9 489.9 492.9 495.6 2.7

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.0 143.9 142.6 142.5 142.3 143.1 143.0 142.9 -0.1

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,582.6 3,606.6 3,567.0 3,619.5 3,542.0 3,578.4 3,593.3 3,581.4 -11.9

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,913.8 2,925.3 2,887.7 2,946.5 2,883.2 2,907.1 2,919.6 2,916.5 -3.1

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882.8 904.7 904.7 911.5 893.9 914.1 919.1 921.6 2.5

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.8 209.2 208.5 207.4 202.1 205.0 205.1 205.3 0.2

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 872.9 895.6 898.3 903.4 869.9 897.0 901.0 900.9 -0.1

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,128.0 2,185.8 2,191.5 2,177.1 2,020.5 2,062.5 2,067.9 2,069.0 1.1

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.3 325.7 323.3 326.9 309.5 319.7 322.1 325.2 3.1

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.4 413.8 417.3 417.7 398.2 405.8 407.2 410.0 2.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,791 22,483 22,369 22,399 22,137 22,672 22,716 22,755 39

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,145.1 3,331.4 3,222.2 3,200.2 3,463.2 3,535.0 3,523.1 3,525.4 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,645.5 19,151.8 19,147.2 19,199.2 18,673.4 19,137.1 19,193.3 19,229.4 36.1

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,163.2 15,545.3 15,586.1 15,604.0 15,142.7 15,525.9 15,571.2 15,585.6 14.4

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 6,911.2 7,127.1 7,140.1 7,162.7 6,904.8 7,119.9 7,142.6 7,155.5 12.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,544.1 2,605.1 2,617.9 2,618.6 2,543.0 2,606.5 2,617.0 2,617.2 0.2

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914.8 939.6 939.0 943.4 910.5 935.8 938.1 939.6 1.5

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 818.3 862.1 860.2 869.4 816.7 858.6 861.7 866.4 4.7

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749.8 778.7 782.3 784.8 749.4 777.1 781.2 784.3 3.1

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 260.3 257.7 260.2 258.8 260.6 258.5 259.3 259.1 -0.2

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,332.5 1,392.5 1,387.9 1,391.3 1,334.3 1,390.5 1,392.2 1,394.1 1.9

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.4 291.4 292.6 296.4 290.3 292.9 293.2 294.9 1.7

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,938.6 5,076.1 5,096.9 5,104.2 4,935.3 5,078.2 5,091.4 5,102.1 10.7

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,313.4 3,342.1 3,349.1 3,337.1 3,302.6 3,327.8 3,337.2 3,328.0 -9.2

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,659.2 1,667.0 1,670.7 1,660.8 1,655.1 1,659.9 1,663.9 1,656.9 -7.0

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 609.1 614.6 614.0 614.8 606.7 612.5 612.0 613.0 1.0

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881.3 894.4 898.0 897.3 878.7 891.5 896.9 895.1 -1.8

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 163.8 166.1 166.4 164.2 162.2 163.9 164.5 163.0 -1.5

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,482.3 3,606.5 3,561.1 3,595.2 3,530.7 3,611.2 3,622.1 3,643.8 21.7

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,154.6 2,223.6 2,220.5 2,236.3 2,159.0 2,212.2 2,223.6 2,240.2 16.6

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 155.5 157.0 157.8 159.5 155.9 156.0 157.2 159.7 2.5

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 341.0 337.3 340.9 340.3 337.0 334.5 335.1 336.6 1.5

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831.2 888.6 841.9 859.1 878.9 908.4 906.1 907.2 1.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,802 16,179 16,265 16,235 15,158 15,502 15,547 15,576 29

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,442.4 2,534.6 2,604.5 2,547.1 2,171.3 2,242.4 2,261.6 2,262.3 0.7

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 486.1 510.2 519.3 519.5 459.4 484.3 494.2 489.8 -4.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.5 173.3 175.6 172.1 153.5 159.2 160.8 160.3 -0.5

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,791.8 1,851.1 1,909.6 1,855.5 1,558.4 1,598.9 1,606.6 1,612.2 5.6

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,359.7 13,644.1 13,660.1 13,687.9 12,987.1 13,259.2 13,285.1 13,313.8 28.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Change

from:

July2016 -

Aug.2016p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,054.5 2,027.8 2,086.9 2,068.2 1,915.3 1,928.2 1,935.2 1,929.9 -5.3

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,305.2 11,616.3 11,573.2 11,619.7 11,071.8 11,331.0 11,349.9 11,383.9 34.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,660 5,760 5,758 5,735 5,622 5,689 5,691 5,698 7

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,282.4 1,299.7 1,291.5 1,287.3 1,276.2 1,285.7 1,286.0 1,282.8 -3.2

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,407.0 1,448.1 1,444.1 1,442.6 1,402.4 1,432.3 1,434.1 1,437.7 3.6

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,970.6 3,012.1 3,022.1 3,005.5 2,943.2 2,971.0 2,971.1 2,977.8 6.7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,944 22,025 20,938 21,129 22,049 22,138 22,188 22,213 25

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,766.0 2,805.0 2,804.0 2,804.0 2,753.0 2,787.0 2,789.0 2,790.0 1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,173.6 2,195.9 2,198.6 2,194.7 2,157.5 2,178.2 2,179.2 2,177.9 -1.3

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.5 609.0 605.8 608.9 595.7 608.7 609.5 612.3 2.8

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,809.0 4,868.0 4,793.0 4,823.0 5,106.0 5,115.0 5,120.0 5,120.0 0.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,123.1 2,176.2 2,104.1 2,142.2 2,430.1 2,444.5 2,450.0 2,450.3 0.3

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,685.6 2,691.5 2,688.4 2,680.3 2,675.8 2,670.5 2,670.0 2,669.9 -0.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,369.0 14,352.0 13,341.0 13,502.0 14,190.0 14,236.0 14,279.0 14,303.0 24.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,859.3 7,763.7 6,695.7 6,895.5 7,864.3 7,837.6 7,872.9 7,884.6 11.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,509.4 6,588.2 6,644.8 6,606.3 6,325.3 6,398.1 6,406.4 6,418.1 11.7

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.6 34.4 34.4 34.3

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 40.2 40.3 40.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.9 42.6 43.2 42.8

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 39.1 39.2 38.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.8 40.7 40.8 40.6

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.3 39.9 39.9 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.7 34.4 34.4 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.8 38.9 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.5 31.1 31.1 30.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.8 38.7 38.5

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.2 42.4 42.1

Information......................................................................... 36.3 36.0 36.0 35.9

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.5 37.7 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.1 36.1 36.1

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.3 26.1 26.1 26.0

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 32.0 32.0 32.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Total private............................................... $25.12 $25.62 $25.70 $25.73 $869.15 $881.33 $884.08 $882.54

Goods-producing....................................... 26.33 26.90 26.95 26.96 1,063.73 1,081.38 1,086.09 1,078.40

Mining and logging.................................. 31.44 31.86 31.84 31.68 1,380.22 1,357.24 1,375.49 1,355.90

Construction.......................................... 27.46 28.11 28.19 28.22 1,073.69 1,099.10 1,105.05 1,092.11

Manufacturing........................................ 25.40 25.97 26.02 26.03 1,036.32 1,056.98 1,061.62 1,056.82

Durable goods.................................... 26.74 27.28 27.31 27.36 1,099.01 1,123.94 1,127.90 1,124.50

Nondurable goods................................ 23.07 23.73 23.79 23.77 929.72 946.83 949.22 948.42

Private service-providing.............................. 24.83 25.32 25.41 25.45 829.32 843.16 846.15 844.94

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.88 22.36 22.41 22.45 759.24 769.18 770.90 767.79

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.79 29.49 29.71 29.64 1,117.05 1,144.21 1,155.72 1,150.03

Retail trade........................................ 17.56 17.91 17.87 17.92 553.14 557.00 555.76 553.73

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.86 23.31 23.37 23.50 889.25 904.43 904.42 904.75

Utilities............................................. 37.54 38.46 38.48 38.75 1,599.20 1,623.01 1,631.55 1,631.38

Information........................................... 35.25 36.51 36.58 36.77 1,279.58 1,314.36 1,316.88 1,320.04

Financial activities................................... 31.60 32.14 32.42 32.49 1,188.16 1,205.25 1,222.23 1,218.38

Professional and business services.............. 30.21 30.79 30.91 30.90 1,093.60 1,111.52 1,115.85 1,115.49

Education and health services..................... 25.34 25.64 25.70 25.72 833.69 843.56 845.53 846.19

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.39 14.87 14.92 14.95 378.46 388.11 389.41 388.70

Other services....................................... 22.56 22.82 22.91 22.96 719.66 730.24 733.12 734.72

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

July

2016 -

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

July

2016 -

Aug.

2016p

Total private..................................... 104.3 105.4 105.6 105.4 -0.2 125.2 129.0 129.7 129.6 -0.1

Goods-producing............................. 90.0 89.8 90.1 89.3 -0.9 107.2 109.2 109.7 108.8 -0.8

Mining and logging........................ 110.8 92.2 92.7 91.3 -1.5 139.8 118.0 118.5 116.1 -2.0

Construction................................ 86.8 89.4 89.8 88.6 -1.3 103.6 109.2 110.0 108.6 -1.3

Manufacturing.............................. 90.4 90.0 90.2 89.7 -0.6 106.8 108.7 109.2 108.6 -0.5

Durable goods........................... 89.7 89.1 89.4 88.7 -0.8 106.6 107.9 108.4 107.8 -0.6

Nondurable goods...................... 91.7 91.8 91.8 91.8 0.0 107.4 110.5 110.8 110.8 0.0

Private service-providing.................... 108.0 109.7 110.0 109.8 -0.2 130.4 135.0 135.8 135.8 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.8 102.2 102.3 101.8 -0.5 119.9 123.0 123.4 123.0 -0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 99.5 100.2 100.5 100.3 -0.2 119.6 123.4 124.6 124.1 -0.4

Retail trade.............................. 100.3 100.7 100.8 100.2 -0.6 116.4 119.2 119.1 118.7 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 108.3 108.5 108.5 108.3 -0.2 125.6 128.3 128.7 129.1 0.3

Utilities.................................... 103.4 103.1 103.7 102.8 -0.9 128.2 131.0 131.8 131.6 -0.2

Information................................. 91.3 91.5 91.3 91.2 -0.1 114.5 118.9 119.0 119.4 0.3

Financial activities......................... 100.4 101.7 102.5 102.1 -0.4 123.7 127.5 129.6 129.4 -0.2

Professional and business services..... 112.4 114.6 115.0 115.2 0.2 137.6 142.9 144.1 144.2 0.1

Education and health services........... 118.9 121.8 122.0 122.2 0.2 144.9 150.2 150.8 151.2 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 113.7 115.4 115.8 115.6 -0.2 132.1 138.5 139.4 139.4 0.0

Other services............................. 103.4 105.0 105.0 105.1 0.1 127.9 131.3 131.8 132.3 0.4

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Total nonfarm............................................. 70,195 71,505 71,698 71,843 49.4 49.6 49.6 49.7

Total private............................................ 57,567 58,808 58,947 59,048 47.9 48.2 48.2 48.2

Goods-producing.................................... 4,280 4,302 4,300 4,302 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 112 101 100 99 13.9 14.7 14.6 14.6

Construction....................................... 814 830 829 829 12.6 12.5 12.5 12.5

Manufacturing..................................... 3,354 3,371 3,371 3,374 27.2 27.4 27.4 27.5

Durable goods.................................. 1,803 1,801 1,801 1,804 23.2 23.4 23.4 23.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,551 1,570 1,570 1,570 34.0 34.1 34.1 34.0

Private service-providing........................... 53,287 54,506 54,647 54,746 53.0 53.2 53.2 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,920 11,123 11,144 11,151 40.5 40.7 40.8 40.7

Wholesale trade................................ 1,729.0 1,748.4 1,749.8 1,750.3 29.4 29.5 29.5 29.5

Retail trade..................................... 7,902.4 8,054.6 8,065.7 8,068.5 50.4 50.5 50.6 50.5

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,153.5 1,187.2 1,195.9 1,200.1 23.7 24.3 24.4 24.4

Utilities........................................... 135.2 132.6 132.6 132.0 24.1 23.5 23.5 23.4

Information......................................... 1,105 1,108 1,107 1,111 40.1 39.8 39.8 39.9

Financial activities................................ 4,644 4,720 4,729 4,734 57.0 57.0 57.0 56.9

Professional and business services............ 8,791 9,055 9,092 9,113 44.5 44.9 44.9 44.9

Education and health services.................. 17,041 17,471 17,513 17,547 77.0 77.1 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,852 8,045 8,077 8,099 51.8 51.9 52.0 52.0

Other services..................................... 2,934 2,984 2,985 2,991 52.2 52.5 52.5 52.5

Government............................................. 12,628 12,697 12,751 12,795 57.3 57.4 57.5 57.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Total private............................................................................... 99,020 100,509 100,712 100,750

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,106 14,117 14,111 14,083

Mining and logging.................................................................. 587 484 480 475

Construction.......................................................................... 4,853 5,011 5,011 5,001

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,666 8,622 8,620 8,607

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,342 5,279 5,279 5,266

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,324 3,343 3,341 3,341

Private service-providing.............................................................. 84,914 86,392 86,601 86,667

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,702 22,939 22,961 22,979

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,714.1 4,738.1 4,739.7 4,742.2

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,318.8 13,522.7 13,530.2 13,540.5

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,217.5 4,225.7 4,236.9 4,242.8

Utilities.............................................................................. 451.4 452.8 454.5 453.0

Information............................................................................ 2,233 2,241 2,236 2,242

Financial activities................................................................... 6,296 6,419 6,444 6,454

Professional and business services............................................... 16,195 16,497 16,579 16,565

Education and health services..................................................... 19,438 19,909 19,946 19,970

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,374 13,669 13,714 13,733

Other services........................................................................ 4,676 4,718 4,721 4,724

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.6 33.7 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 41.1 41.3 41.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.5 44.3 45.3 45.0

Construction....................................................................... 39.6 39.7 39.8 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 41.7 42.0 41.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.1 42.1 42.5 42.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 41.1 41.2 41.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.6 33.5 33.6 33.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 38.6 38.7 38.6

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.0 29.8 29.8 29.7

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 38.9 38.8 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.4 42.6 42.5

Information......................................................................... 35.7 35.6 35.7 35.7

Financial activities................................................................ 37.1 37.0 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.5 35.4 35.5 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.8

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.9 30.9 30.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Total private............................................... $21.11 $21.52 $21.60 $21.64 $711.41 $723.07 $727.92 $727.10

Goods-producing....................................... 22.06 22.59 22.64 22.68 908.87 928.45 935.03 929.88

Mining and logging.................................. 26.52 27.14 27.02 27.00 1,206.66 1,202.30 1,224.01 1,215.00

Construction.......................................... 25.29 26.01 26.08 26.14 1,001.48 1,032.60 1,037.98 1,027.30

Manufacturing........................................ 20.02 20.43 20.48 20.53 836.84 851.93 860.16 858.15

Durable goods.................................... 21.08 21.45 21.50 21.57 887.47 903.05 913.75 912.41

Nondurable goods................................ 18.28 18.77 18.81 18.86 756.79 771.45 774.97 777.03

Private service-providing.............................. 20.91 21.30 21.39 21.43 677.48 690.12 693.04 692.19

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.73 18.98 19.03 19.03 629.33 635.83 639.41 637.51

Wholesale trade.................................. 23.71 24.18 24.27 24.23 912.84 933.35 939.25 935.28

Retail trade........................................ 14.90 14.97 15.03 14.99 447.00 446.11 447.89 445.20

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.76 21.08 21.08 21.20 805.49 820.01 817.90 820.44

Utilities............................................. 34.07 35.63 35.42 35.47 1,441.16 1,510.71 1,508.89 1,507.48

Information........................................... 29.08 30.11 30.48 30.62 1,038.16 1,071.92 1,088.14 1,093.13

Financial activities................................... 25.40 26.12 26.17 26.27 942.34 966.44 968.29 971.99

Professional and business services.............. 24.87 25.44 25.51 25.58 882.89 900.58 905.61 905.53

Education and health services..................... 22.18 22.41 22.51 22.56 711.98 721.60 724.82 726.43

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.45 12.84 12.91 12.92 311.25 319.72 321.46 320.42

Other services....................................... 19.08 19.20 19.25 19.29 587.66 593.28 594.83 596.06

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

July

2016 -

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Aug.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

July

2016 -

Aug.

2016p

Total private..................................... 111.2 112.5 113.1 112.8 -0.3 156.8 161.8 163.2 163.1 -0.1

Goods-producing............................. 88.8 88.7 89.1 88.2 -1.0 120.0 122.6 123.5 122.5 -0.8

Mining and logging........................ 141.9 113.9 115.5 113.6 -1.6 218.9 179.8 181.6 178.4 -1.8

Construction................................ 96.2 99.6 99.9 98.4 -1.5 131.4 139.9 140.6 138.9 -1.2

Manufacturing.............................. 83.2 82.5 83.1 82.6 -0.6 108.9 110.3 111.3 110.9 -0.4

Durable goods........................... 84.5 83.5 84.3 83.7 -0.7 111.2 111.8 113.2 112.7 -0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 81.1 81.0 81.1 81.1 0.0 104.7 107.4 107.8 108.1 0.3

Private service-providing.................... 117.2 119.2 119.5 119.2 -0.3 168.0 174.1 175.3 175.2 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 106.3 107.1 107.6 107.3 -0.3 142.1 145.0 146.0 145.7 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 106.9 107.7 108.0 107.8 -0.2 149.3 153.4 154.4 153.9 -0.3

Retail trade.............................. 101.1 102.0 102.1 101.8 -0.3 129.2 130.9 131.5 130.8 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing...... 123.2 123.7 123.7 123.6 -0.1 162.2 165.5 165.5 166.2 0.4

Utilities.................................... 97.6 98.2 99.0 98.5 -0.5 138.9 146.0 146.4 145.8 -0.4

Information................................. 91.0 91.1 91.1 91.4 0.3 131.0 135.7 137.5 138.5 0.7

Financial activities......................... 110.0 111.8 112.2 112.4 0.2 171.8 179.7 180.7 181.7 0.6

Professional and business services..... 128.8 130.9 131.9 131.4 -0.4 190.7 198.1 200.2 200.1 0.0

Education and health services........... 133.0 136.6 136.9 137.1 0.1 194.7 202.1 203.4 204.1 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 122.5 124.7 125.1 124.8 -0.2 173.2 181.8 183.4 183.0 -0.2

Other services............................. 101.0 102.2 102.3 102.4 0.1 140.4 143.0 143.5 143.9 0.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.