For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, September 11, 2018 USDL-18-1451

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2018

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.9 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at

5.7 million and 5.5 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was little changed at 2.4

percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.1 percent. This release includes estimates 

of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by 

four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of July, the job openings level was little changed but reached a new series high 

of 6.9 million. The job openings rate was 4.4 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for 

total private and for government. Job openings increased in finance and insurance (+46,000) and 

nondurable goods manufacturing (+32,000) but decreased in retail trade (-85,000), educational services 

(-34,000), and federal government (-19,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four 

regions. (See table 1.)

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) Data Corrections

This news release contains corrections to previously released data in tables A, 1-3, 5, 7-9, and 11.

More information on these corrections as well as a complete list of corrections in this news release and 

in the JOLTS database can be found at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/jolts-errata-06122018.htm.
- 2 -

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.7 million in July. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. The 

number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires decreased in finance and 

insurance (-36,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.5 million in July. The total separations rate was 

3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 

Total separations increased in educational services (+26,000) but decreased in arts, entertainment, and 

recreation (-43,000). Total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in July at 3.6 million. The quits rate was 2.4 percent. The 

number of quits edged up for total private (+109,000) and was little changed for government. Quits 

increased in accommodation and food services (+61,000), other services (+49,000), and educational 

services (+12,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.6 million in July. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for total 

private and for government. Layoffs and discharges increased in retail trade (+53,000) but decreased in 

arts, entertainment, and recreation (-40,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in 

all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in July at 349,000. The other separations level was 

little changed for total private and for government. Other separations were little changed in all 

industries. The number of other separations decreased in the Northeast region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 66.7 million and 

separations totaled 64.2 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2018 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, October 16, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,202 6,822 6,939 5,498 5,677 5,679 5,406 5,514 5,534

Total private....................................... 5,674 6,183 6,316 5,164 5,328 5,339 5,065 5,172 5,187

Mining and logging1............................ 26 27 28 34 41 39 27 34 37

Construction1................................... 255 267 273 355 360 377 368 350 347

Manufacturing.................................. 391 475 506 339 360 393 332 337 346

Durable goods1.............................. 189 293 292 192 207 236 195 180 187

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 201 182 214 148 153 158 137 156 159

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,138 1,348 1,307 1,026 1,120 1,136 1,019 1,116 1,139

Wholesale trade1............................ 227 222 251 141 135 136 145 131 125

Retail trade................................... 655 842 757 688 755 786 690 778 812

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 256 285 299 196 230 214 184 207 202

Information1

..................................... 110 136 146 80 78 79 88 81 80

Financial activities.............................. 365 352 378 207 247 211 200 234 233

Finance and insurance..................... 276 244 290 141 169 133 127 154 148

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 90 108 88 66 79 78 72 79 84

Professional and business services......... 1,077 1,155 1,203 1,206 1,160 1,160 1,147 1,132 1,072

Education and health services............... 1,158 1,295 1,249 669 712 693 619 665 659

Educational services1

....................... 140 147 113 90 91 93 83 71 97

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,018 1,148 1,136 579 620 600 536 594 561

Leisure and hospitality........................ 828 931 1,003 1,030 1,047 1,064 1,008 1,018 1,047

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 81 86 94 177 166 145 205 173 130

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 748 845 909 853 881 919 803 845 917

Other services1

................................. 326 198 224 219 202 187 258 207 227

Government....................................... 529 639 623 334 349 340 341 341 348

Federal1

......................................... 90 115 96 32 30 35 38 32 35

State and local................................. 439 524 526 302 320 305 303 309 313

State and local education.................. 161 194 191 146 165 151 150 153 157

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 278 330 335 156 155 154 152 156 156

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.1 4.4 4.4 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7

Total private....................................... 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1

Mining and logging1

............................ 3.7 3.5 3.7 5.0 5.5 5.2 4.0 4.6 5.0

Construction1

................................... 3.5 3.6 3.6 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.3 4.8 4.8

Manufacturing.................................. 3.0 3.6 3.8 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.7

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.4 3.6 3.5 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.3

Nondurable goods1.......................... 4.1 3.7 4.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.0 4.6 4.5 3.7 4.0 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.1

Wholesale trade1

............................ 3.7 3.6 4.0 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.1

Retail trade................................... 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.7 4.9 4.4 4.9 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 4.3 4.6 4.8 3.4 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.4

Information1

..................................... 3.8 4.7 5.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.9

Financial activities.............................. 4.1 3.9 4.2 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.7

Finance and insurance..................... 4.2 3.7 4.4 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.9 4.6 3.8 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.8

Professional and business services......... 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.1

Education and health services............... 4.7 5.2 5.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8

Educational services1

....................... 3.7 3.8 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.2 1.9 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.9 5.5 5.4 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.9 5.4 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.3 3.5 3.8 7.6 7.1 6.2 8.8 7.4 5.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.1 5.7 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.6 5.8 6.0 6.5

Other services1

................................. 5.3 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.2 4.5 3.5 3.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

Government....................................... 2.3 2.8 2.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal1

......................................... 3.1 3.9 3.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2

State and local................................. 2.2 2.6 2.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.................. 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.0 3.5 3.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, and federal government data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

Total............................................... 6,202 6,638 6,840 6,659 6,822 6,939 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,674 6,026 6,263 6,052 6,183 6,316 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.7

Mining and logging3....................... 26 22 27 34 27 28 3.7 3.0 3.6 4.5 3.5 3.7

Construction3

............................... 255 235 243 253 267 273 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6

Manufacturing.............................. 391 421 452 474 475 506 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.8

Durable goods3

.......................... 189 253 281 296 293 292 2.4 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5

Nondurable goods3

...................... 201 168 171 178 182 214 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,138 1,231 1,298 1,308 1,348 1,307 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5

Wholesale trade3

........................ 227 199 214 183 222 251 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.6 4.0

Retail trade............................... 655 733 771 793 842 757 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.7 5.0 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 256 299 313 332 285 299 4.3 4.9 5.1 5.4 4.6 4.8

Information3................................. 110 152 188 132 136 146 3.8 5.2 6.3 4.5 4.7 5.0

Financial activities......................... 365 368 335 350 352 378 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.2

Finance and insurance................. 276 281 237 262 244 290 4.2 4.3 3.6 4.0 3.7 4.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 90 87 98 88 108 88 3.9 3.7 4.2 3.8 4.6 3.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,077 1,160 1,254 1,159 1,155 1,203 5.0 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.4

Education and health services........... 1,158 1,269 1,287 1,248 1,295 1,249 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0

Educational services3

................... 140 103 114 112 147 113 3.7 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.8 2.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,018 1,166 1,173 1,136 1,148 1,136 4.9 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 828 900 940 877 931 1,003 4.9 5.2 5.5 5.1 5.4 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 81 86 113 88 86 94 3.3 3.5 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 748 815 827 789 845 909 5.1 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.7 6.1

Other services3

............................. 326 268 239 218 198 224 5.3 4.4 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.7

Government................................... 529 612 577 607 639 623 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.7

Federal3

..................................... 90 101 82 97 115 96 3.1 3.5 2.9 3.4 3.9 3.3

State and local............................. 439 511 495 510 524 526 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6

State and local education.............. 161 174 175 173 194 191 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 278 337 320 337 330 335 3.0 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,119 1,135 1,196 1,104 1,174 1,175 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.1

South........................................... 2,246 2,331 2,405 2,414 2,429 2,515 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4

Midwest........................................ 1,407 1,630 1,656 1,667 1,672 1,686 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9

West............................................ 1,430 1,542 1,582 1,474 1,547 1,562 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.4

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

Total............................................... 5,498 5,476 5,581 5,747 5,677 5,679 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,164 5,150 5,236 5,404 5,328 5,339 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 34 35 39 42 41 39 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.2

Construction................................ 355 343 347 386 360 377 5.1 4.8 4.8 5.3 5.0 5.2

Manufacturing.............................. 339 353 358 356 360 393 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1

Durable goods........................... 192 211 213 208 207 236 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 3.0

Nondurable goods....................... 148 142 145 149 153 158 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,026 1,080 1,109 1,099 1,120 1,136 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1

Wholesale trade......................... 141 139 128 130 135 136 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3

Retail trade............................... 688 721 759 738 755 786 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 196 220 222 231 230 214 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.6

Information.................................. 80 84 84 89 78 79 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.8 2.9

Financial activities......................... 207 183 194 202 247 211 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.9 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 141 115 127 129 169 133 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 66 68 68 73 79 78 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,206 1,178 1,143 1,190 1,160 1,160 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.5

Education and health services........... 669 662 687 723 712 693 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.9

Educational services.................... 90 91 103 102 91 93 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 579 571 584 621 620 600 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,030 1,013 1,050 1,081 1,047 1,064 6.4 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 177 161 171 181 166 145 7.6 6.9 7.3 7.7 7.1 6.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 853 852 879 900 881 919 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.6

Other services.............................. 219 219 223 236 202 187 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.4 3.2

Government................................... 334 326 344 343 349 340 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 32 29 37 29 30 35 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3

State and local............................. 302 297 308 314 320 305 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 146 146 155 147 165 151 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 156 151 153 167 155 154 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 878 785 806 854 898 916 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3

South........................................... 2,118 2,178 2,229 2,304 2,286 2,309 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,291 1,216 1,224 1,336 1,245 1,278 4.0 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.9

West............................................ 1,211 1,297 1,322 1,252 1,249 1,176 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

Total............................................... 5,406 5,321 5,424 5,419 5,514 5,534 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,065 4,986 5,085 5,093 5,172 5,187 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 27 34 34 35 34 37 4.0 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.6 5.0

Construction................................ 368 352 318 340 350 347 5.3 4.9 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 332 342 343 342 337 346 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7

Durable goods........................... 195 198 198 193 180 187 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3

Nondurable goods....................... 137 145 145 149 156 159 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,019 1,067 1,104 1,073 1,116 1,139 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1

Wholesale trade......................... 145 131 136 119 131 125 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.1

Retail trade............................... 690 732 757 726 778 812 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.9 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 184 205 211 228 207 202 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.4

Information.................................. 88 75 85 92 81 80 3.1 2.7 3.1 3.3 2.9 2.9

Financial activities......................... 200 171 198 191 234 233 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 127 106 122 120 154 148 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 72 64 76 71 79 84 3.3 2.9 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,147 1,163 1,114 1,143 1,132 1,072 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.1

Education and health services........... 619 615 641 652 665 659 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8

Educational services.................... 83 91 91 95 71 97 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.6 1.9 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 536 525 549 557 594 561 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,008 973 1,050 1,038 1,018 1,047 6.3 6.0 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 205 145 176 166 173 130 8.8 6.2 7.5 7.1 7.4 5.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 803 828 874 872 845 917 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.5

Other services.............................. 258 194 199 188 207 227 4.5 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.9

Government................................... 341 335 339 326 341 348 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal...................................... 38 39 35 31 32 35 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2

State and local............................. 303 296 304 295 309 313 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 150 149 160 144 153 157 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 152 147 144 150 156 156 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 875 773 802 795 857 781 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.8

South........................................... 2,148 2,166 2,194 2,173 2,189 2,300 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,213 1,125 1,144 1,237 1,236 1,249 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8

West............................................ 1,171 1,258 1,285 1,214 1,232 1,204 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

Total............................................... 3,240 3,387 3,349 3,480 3,477 3,583 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,076 3,217 3,166 3,287 3,285 3,394 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7

Mining and logging......................... 18 21 22 23 21 22 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.8 3.0

Construction................................ 149 149 154 162 164 175 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 203 211 204 197 206 209 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Durable goods........................... 121 126 116 111 113 117 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5

Nondurable goods....................... 82 85 88 86 93 92 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 677 667 688 737 751 724 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6

Wholesale trade......................... 91 84 84 86 79 79 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

Retail trade............................... 471 461 486 512 550 533 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 115 122 119 138 122 113 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.1 1.9

Information.................................. 52 43 48 56 51 48 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.7

Financial activities......................... 117 101 97 110 129 144 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7

Finance and insurance................. 78 62 45 66 78 77 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 39 39 52 44 52 67 1.8 1.7 2.3 2.0 2.3 3.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 630 715 671 692 723 728 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Education and health services........... 396 433 433 468 440 437 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8

Educational services.................... 45 46 52 50 34 46 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 351 387 381 417 407 391 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 667 731 724 714 705 763 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 64 92 70 71 77 74 2.7 3.9 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 603 639 653 643 629 690 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.9

Other services3

............................. 166 145 125 129 95 144 2.9 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.6 2.4

Government................................... 164 171 184 193 192 189 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8

Federal...................................... 14 15 16 15 14 15 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 150 156 168 178 178 174 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

State and local education.............. 77 79 90 93 92 93 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 73 77 78 85 86 81 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 458 438 460 471 460 463 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

South........................................... 1,353 1,419 1,385 1,457 1,432 1,510 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.8

Midwest........................................ 697 718 717 775 819 827 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5

West............................................ 732 813 786 777 766 783 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

Total............................................... 1,816 1,546 1,731 1,618 1,652 1,602 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,695 1,448 1,640 1,538 1,568 1,503 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging3....................... 6 11 11 10 11 14 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.9

Construction................................ 210 180 156 159 176 163 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2

Manufacturing.............................. 108 110 118 124 111 116 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9

Durable goods........................... 61 60 69 69 55 55 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 47 50 49 55 56 61 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 267 302 343 262 290 345 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.2

Wholesale trade3

........................ 43 32 43 21 37 33 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6

Retail trade............................... 166 199 220 163 184 237 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 58 71 80 79 70 75 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3

Information.................................. 24 27 29 25 22 26 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9

Financial activities......................... 60 41 72 72 68 60 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7

Finance and insurance................. 29 23 50 46 44 44 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 30 19 22 26 23 16 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 447 376 386 383 341 281 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.3

Education and health services........... 170 143 165 146 172 170 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 29 37 33 38 29 42 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 141 106 132 108 143 128 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 319 224 303 304 283 255 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 139 49 102 91 94 54 6.0 2.1 4.3 3.9 4.0 2.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 180 174 201 213 189 201 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4

Other services.............................. 83 34 59 51 94 74 1.4 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.3

Government................................... 121 98 91 80 84 100 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Federal...................................... 15 11 6 7 6 7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local............................. 106 87 85 73 78 93 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local education.............. 51 45 46 33 34 38 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 55 42 39 40 44 54 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 351 268 263 267 316 263 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0

South........................................... 678 604 680 610 632 668 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2

Midwest........................................ 440 326 366 392 334 349 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1

West............................................ 347 350 422 349 369 322 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018p

Total............................................... 350 387 344 321 384 349 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 294 322 279 268 319 289 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 2 1 2 2 1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1

Construction3

............................... 10 22 8 19 10 9 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 21 21 21 21 20 21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 13 13 13 13 13 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 8 9 8 8 7 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 75 98 73 74 75 70 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 10 14 10 12 15 13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Retail trade............................... 53 72 52 51 44 42 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 11 12 12 11 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information3................................. 12 4 8 10 8 7 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2

Financial activities......................... 22 29 29 9 37 29 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 20 21 27 8 33 28 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 3 7 2 1 4 1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 69 72 57 67 69 62 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 53 39 43 39 52 51 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services3

................... 8 7 6 6 8 9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 44 32 36 32 44 42 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 22 19 24 19 29 29 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 1 4 4 4 3 2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 20 15 20 15 27 27 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 9 16 15 8 18 9 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2

Government................................... 56 66 65 52 65 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 9 13 13 8 12 12 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 47 53 52 44 53 47 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local education.............. 23 25 25 19 27 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 24 28 28 25 26 21 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 66 67 78 57 80 55 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

South........................................... 117 144 128 106 124 122 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 75 81 60 70 83 73 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

West............................................ 92 95 77 88 97 99 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

Total..................................................................... 6,502 6,786 7,313 4.2 4.3 4.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,931 6,123 6,642 4.5 4.6 4.9

Mining and logging............................................... 26 27 28 3.7 3.4 3.6

Construction....................................................... 255 267 273 3.4 3.5 3.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 391 475 506 3.0 3.6 3.8

Durable goods.................................................. 189 293 292 2.4 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 201 182 214 4.1 3.7 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,223 1,339 1,385 4.3 4.6 4.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 227 222 251 3.7 3.6 4.0

Retail trade..................................................... 740 832 835 4.5 5.0 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 256 285 299 4.3 4.6 4.9

Information........................................................ 110 136 146 3.8 4.6 5.0

Financial activities................................................ 373 341 392 4.2 3.8 4.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 283 233 305 4.3 3.5 4.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 90 108 88 3.9 4.5 3.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,126 1,166 1,302 5.2 5.2 5.8

Education and health services.................................. 1,213 1,245 1,309 5.0 5.0 5.3

Educational services.......................................... 140 147 113 4.0 4.0 3.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,073 1,097 1,196 5.2 5.2 5.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 890 931 1,077 5.0 5.2 5.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 79 78 95 2.8 2.9 3.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 810 853 981 5.4 5.6 6.4

Other services.................................................... 326 198 224 5.3 3.2 3.6

Government.......................................................... 571 662 671 2.6 2.9 3.1

Federal............................................................. 90 115 96 3.1 3.9 3.3

State and local.................................................... 481 548 574 2.6 2.7 3.1

State and local education..................................... 203 218 240 2.3 2.1 2.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 278 330 335 2.9 3.4 3.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,164 1,154 1,234 4.2 4.0 4.3

South................................................................. 2,404 2,457 2,729 4.3 4.3 4.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,451 1,633 1,728 4.3 4.7 5.0

West.................................................................. 1,482 1,541 1,622 4.2 4.3 4.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,916 6,500 6,125 4.0 4.3 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,546 6,065 5,744 4.4 4.7 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 37 48 43 5.3 6.4 5.7

Construction....................................................... 415 416 446 5.8 5.6 5.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 371 448 434 3.0 3.5 3.4

Durable goods.................................................. 204 251 253 2.6 3.1 3.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 167 197 181 3.5 4.1 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,025 1,136 1,137 3.7 4.1 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 159 155 153 2.7 2.6 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 678 764 786 4.3 4.8 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 188 216 197 3.3 3.7 3.4

Information........................................................ 85 88 82 3.0 3.2 3.0

Financial activities................................................ 231 288 235 2.7 3.3 2.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 162 196 151 2.6 3.1 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 69 92 84 3.1 4.0 3.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,259 1,253 1,211 6.1 5.9 5.7

Education and health services.................................. 762 799 784 3.3 3.4 3.4

Educational services.......................................... 108 109 108 3.2 3.1 3.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 654 689 676 3.3 3.5 3.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,100 1,312 1,151 6.5 7.7 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 184 282 144 6.8 10.6 5.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 916 1,029 1,007 6.5 7.2 7.0

Other services.................................................... 263 278 220 4.5 4.7 3.7

Government.......................................................... 369 435 381 1.8 2.0 1.8

Federal............................................................. 28 39 37 1.0 1.4 1.3

State and local.................................................... 342 396 344 1.9 2.0 1.9

State and local education..................................... 158 131 164 1.8 1.3 1.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 183 265 181 1.9 2.8 1.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 984 1,106 1,048 3.7 4.0 3.8

South................................................................. 2,256 2,472 2,449 4.2 4.5 4.5

Midwest............................................................... 1,327 1,468 1,333 4.1 4.4 4.1

West.................................................................. 1,348 1,454 1,295 4.0 4.2 3.8

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,782 5,774 5,977 3.9 3.8 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,365 5,223 5,551 4.3 4.1 4.3

Mining and logging............................................... 30 33 40 4.3 4.5 5.4

Construction....................................................... 395 314 387 5.5 4.2 5.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 360 348 374 2.9 2.7 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 221 188 213 2.9 2.3 2.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 138 160 161 2.9 3.3 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,050 1,090 1,154 3.8 3.9 4.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 157 134 138 2.6 2.2 2.3

Retail trade..................................................... 698 758 813 4.4 4.8 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 195 198 203 3.4 3.4 3.5

Information........................................................ 93 77 85 3.3 2.7 3.0

Financial activities................................................ 202 236 233 2.4 2.7 2.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 127 157 148 2.0 2.5 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 75 80 85 3.3 3.5 3.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,197 1,147 1,128 5.8 5.4 5.3

Education and health services.................................. 736 775 787 3.2 3.3 3.4

Educational services.......................................... 119 123 146 3.6 3.5 4.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 617 652 641 3.2 3.3 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,035 999 1,123 6.1 5.9 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 158 140 125 5.9 5.2 4.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 877 859 998 6.2 6.0 6.9

Other services.................................................... 268 203 239 4.6 3.4 4.0

Government.......................................................... 417 551 426 2.0 2.5 2.0

Federal............................................................. 33 30 33 1.2 1.1 1.2

State and local.................................................... 384 521 393 2.1 2.7 2.2

State and local education..................................... 229 358 235 2.6 3.5 2.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 155 164 157 1.6 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 932 870 837 3.5 3.2 3.1

South................................................................. 2,344 2,320 2,546 4.4 4.2 4.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,236 1,275 1,312 3.8 3.8 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,271 1,310 1,282 3.8 3.8 3.7

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

Total..................................................................... 3,653 3,711 4,044 2.5 2.5 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,451 3,408 3,810 2.8 2.7 3.0

Mining and logging............................................... 21 20 25 3.0 2.7 3.4

Construction....................................................... 187 170 224 2.6 2.3 3.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 236 220 242 1.9 1.7 1.9

Durable goods.................................................. 144 118 140 1.9 1.5 1.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 92 102 103 1.9 2.1 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 723 758 772 2.6 2.7 2.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 101 81 87 1.7 1.4 1.4

Retail trade..................................................... 489 557 558 3.1 3.5 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 133 120 127 2.3 2.0 2.2

Information........................................................ 58 48 54 2.1 1.7 1.9

Financial activities................................................ 124 137 152 1.5 1.6 1.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 85 85 85 1.3 1.3 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 39 52 67 1.8 2.3 2.9

Professional and business services............................ 694 735 799 3.4 3.5 3.8

Education and health services.................................. 470 492 513 2.1 2.1 2.2

Educational services.......................................... 64 50 67 1.9 1.4 2.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 405 442 446 2.1 2.2 2.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 771 732 884 4.6 4.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 82 84 94 3.0 3.1 3.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 689 648 790 4.9 4.5 5.5

Other services.................................................... 166 95 144 2.8 1.6 2.4

Government.......................................................... 202 303 234 1.0 1.4 1.1

Federal............................................................. 14 15 15 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local.................................................... 187 288 219 1.0 1.5 1.2

State and local education..................................... 105 193 129 1.2 1.9 1.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 82 95 89 0.9 1.0 1.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 514 475 519 1.9 1.7 1.9

South................................................................. 1,545 1,543 1,738 2.9 2.8 3.2

Midwest............................................................... 774 873 927 2.4 2.6 2.8

West.................................................................. 820 820 860 2.4 2.4 2.5

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

Total..................................................................... 1,764 1,615 1,569 1.2 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,621 1,497 1,451 1.3 1.2 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 6 11 14 0.9 1.4 1.9

Construction....................................................... 198 134 154 2.8 1.8 2.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 101 107 108 0.8 0.8 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 63 55 56 0.8 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 38 52 52 0.8 1.1 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 244 262 307 0.9 0.9 1.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 43 37 33 0.7 0.6 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 150 163 213 0.9 1.0 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 51 63 61 0.9 1.1 1.0

Information........................................................ 24 20 24 0.8 0.7 0.9

Financial activities................................................ 60 62 58 0.7 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 28 39 42 0.4 0.6 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 33 23 16 1.5 1.0 0.7

Professional and business services............................ 438 343 267 2.1 1.6 1.3

Education and health services.................................. 213 230 223 0.9 1.0 1.0

Educational services.......................................... 46 65 70 1.4 1.8 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 167 165 153 0.9 0.8 0.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 242 237 210 1.4 1.4 1.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 75 53 28 2.8 2.0 1.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 167 184 181 1.2 1.3 1.3

Other services.................................................... 94 90 86 1.6 1.5 1.5

Government.......................................................... 143 117 117 0.7 0.5 0.6

Federal............................................................. 10 4 6 0.4 0.2 0.2

State and local.................................................... 133 113 111 0.7 0.6 0.6

State and local education..................................... 89 76 66 1.0 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 44 37 44 0.5 0.4 0.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 345 300 256 1.3 1.1 0.9

South................................................................. 678 633 686 1.3 1.2 1.3

Midwest............................................................... 386 309 310 1.2 0.9 0.9

West.................................................................. 357 373 316 1.1 1.1 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018p

Total..................................................................... 365 449 365 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 293 317 290 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 3 2 1 0.4 0.3 0.1

Construction....................................................... 10 10 9 0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 22 22 23 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 14 15 16 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 7 7 0.2 0.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 82 70 75 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 12 16 18 0.2 0.3 0.3

Retail trade..................................................... 58 38 42 0.4 0.2 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 11 15 15 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 12 8 7 0.4 0.3 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 17 38 22 0.2 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 14 33 21 0.2 0.5 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 3 4 1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 65 69 63 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 53 52 51 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 8 8 9 0.3 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 44 44 42 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 22 29 29 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 1 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 20 27 27 0.1 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 9 18 9 0.1 0.3 0.2

Government.......................................................... 72 132 75 0.3 0.6 0.4

Federal............................................................. 8 11 12 0.3 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 64 120 63 0.3 0.6 0.3

State and local education..................................... 35 89 40 0.4 0.9 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 28 31 23 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 73 93 62 0.3 0.3 0.2

South................................................................. 121 145 123 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 77 94 74 0.2 0.3 0.2

West.................................................................. 95 117 106 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.