Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-16-1961 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, October 7, 2016

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — SEPTEMBER 2016 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 156,000 in September, and the unemployment rate

was little changed at 5.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment gains 

occurred in professional and business services and in health care. 

Household Survey Data 

The unemployment rate, at 5.0 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 7.9 million, 

changed little in September. Both measures have shown little movement, on net, since August of last 

year. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics increased to 6.4 percent in 

September, while the rates for adult men (4.7 percent), adult women (4.4 percent), teenagers 

(15.8 percent), Whites (4.4 percent), Blacks (8.3 percent), and Asians (3.9 percent) showed little or 

no change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of persons unemployed less than 5 weeks increased by 284,000 to 2.6 million in 

September. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, September 2014 –

September 2016

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun -16 Sep-16

Percent Thousands

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Sep -14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun -15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun -16 Sep -16

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

September 2014 – September 2016
‐2‐ 

essentially unchanged at 2.0 million and accounted for 24.9 percent of the unemployed. 

(See table A-12.) 

In September, both the labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent, and the employmentpopulation ratio, at 59.8 percent, changed little. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed in September at 5.9 million. These individuals, 

who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had 

been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.) 

In September, 1.8 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about unchanged 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor 

force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. 

They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 553,000 discouraged workers in September, little 

changed from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons 

not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 

1.3 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in September had not searched for work 

for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 156,000 in September. Thus far this year, job growth has 

averaged 178,000 per month, compared with an average of 229,000 per month in 2015. In September, 

employment gains occurred in professional and business services and in health care. (See table B-1.) 

Professional and business services employment rose by 67,000 in September and has risen by 582,000 

over the year. Over the month, job gains occurred in management and technical consulting services 

(+16,000), and employment continued to trend up in administrative and support services (+35,000). 

Health care added 33,000 jobs in September. Ambulatory health care services added 24,000 jobs over 

the month, and employment rose by 7,000 in hospitals. Over the past 12 months, health care has added 

445,000 jobs. 

Employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend up in September (+30,000) and 

has increased by 300,000 over the year. 

Retail trade employment continued to trend up over the month (+22,000). Within the industry, job 

gains occurred in clothing and clothing accessories stores (+14,000) and in gasoline stations (+8,000). 

Over the year, employment in retail trade has risen by 317,000. 

Mining employment was unchanged in September after declining by 220,000 from a peak in September 

2014. 
‐3‐ 

Employment in other major industries, including construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, 

transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, changed little 

over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.4 

hours in September. In manufacturing, the workweek increased by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, while 

overtime was unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.5 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents 

to $25.79. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 2.6 percent. Average hourly earnings of 

private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 5 cents to $21.68 in September. 

(See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised down from +275,000 to 

+252,000, and the change for August was revised up from +151,000 to +167,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in July and August combined were 7,000 less than previously reported. Over the past 

3 months, job gains have averaged 192,000 per month. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 4, 2016, 

at 8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Change from:

Aug. 2016-

Sept. 2016

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 251,325 253,620 253,854 254,091 237

Civilian labor force........................................................... 156,867 159,287 159,463 159,907 444

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.4 62.8 62.8 62.9 0.1

Employed................................................................... 148,942 151,517 151,614 151,968 354

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.3 59.7 59.7 59.8 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 7,925 7,770 7,849 7,939 90

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.0 0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,458 94,333 94,391 94,184 -207

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.0 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.7 0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 16.2 15.6 15.7 15.8 0.1

White.......................................................................... 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 9.2 8.4 8.1 8.3 0.2

Asian.......................................................................... 3.7 3.8 4.2 3.9 -0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.4 5.4 5.6 6.4 0.8

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.7 6.3 7.2 8.5 1.3

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.2 0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5 -0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,883 3,739 3,791 3,967 176

Job leavers...................................................................... 778 824 885 893 8

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,443 2,298 2,271 2,333 62

New entrants.................................................................... 832 826 861 805 -56

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,373 2,160 2,290 2,574 284

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,211 2,266 2,329 2,234 -95

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,228 1,150 1,056 1,157 101

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,109 2,020 2,006 1,974 -32

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,034 5,940 6,053 5,894 -159

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,563 3,642 3,727 3,618 -109

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,123 1,981 1,929 1,969 40

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 19,997 20,717 20,523 20,688 165

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,921 1,950 1,713 1,844 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 635 591 576 553 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 252 167 156

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 221 144 167

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -12 14 -25 10

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -13 -4 -4 0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 16 -5 23

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 2 -16 -13

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7 4 -17 -11

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 5.8 -4.6 -3.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 -2 1 -2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 207 169 157

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.0 3.0 4.7 9.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 12.9 20.9 22.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 12.2 18.6 -9.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.6 -0.8 0.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 -5 -4 1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 17 13 6

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 84 31 67

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 15.8 -1.0 23.2

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 42 57 29

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.9 52.1 45.3 21.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 36 21 15

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 8 15

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -13 31 23 -11

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 182 230 192

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 153 201 177

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.6 49.7 49.7

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.2 48.2 48.2

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.3 82.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.14 $25.71 $25.73 $25.79

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $867.33 $884.42 $882.54 $887.18

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.1 105.6 105.4 105.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.1 129.7 129.6 130.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.7

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.9 61.5 59.0 57.8

Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.6 48.1 46.8 39.2

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 623,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251,325 253,854 254,091 251,325 253,174 253,397 253,620 253,854 254,091

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,607 159,800 159,636 156,867 158,466 158,880 159,287 159,463 159,907

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 62.9 62.8 62.4 62.6 62.7 62.8 62.8 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,980 151,804 151,977 148,942 151,030 151,097 151,517 151,614 151,968

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 59.8 59.8 59.3 59.7 59.6 59.7 59.7 59.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,628 7,996 7,658 7,925 7,436 7,783 7,770 7,849 7,939

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,718 94,054 94,456 94,458 94,708 94,517 94,333 94,391 94,184

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,584 5,824 5,753 5,944 5,923 5,692 5,886 5,833 6,088

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,365 122,656 122,775 121,365 122,316 122,427 122,539 122,656 122,775

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,390 85,416 84,996 83,430 84,332 84,766 84,826 84,906 85,084

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 69.6 69.2 68.7 68.9 69.2 69.2 69.2 69.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,406 81,365 80,952 79,148 80,369 80,596 80,548 80,674 80,755

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 66.3 65.9 65.2 65.7 65.8 65.7 65.8 65.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,984 4,052 4,043 4,282 3,963 4,169 4,278 4,232 4,329

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,975 37,240 37,779 37,935 37,984 37,662 37,713 37,750 37,691

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,940 114,173 114,289 112,940 113,844 113,951 114,058 114,173 114,289

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,633 82,048 82,020 80,578 81,407 81,788 81,834 81,838 82,019

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 71.9 71.8 71.3 71.5 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,110 78,562 78,459 76,775 77,917 78,127 78,048 78,143 78,195

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 68.8 68.6 68.0 68.4 68.6 68.4 68.4 68.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,523 3,487 3,561 3,803 3,490 3,661 3,786 3,695 3,825

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,307 32,124 32,269 32,363 32,437 32,163 32,224 32,335 32,269

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,960 131,198 131,317 129,960 130,858 130,969 131,081 131,198 131,317

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,217 74,384 74,640 73,437 74,134 74,115 74,461 74,557 74,823

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 56.7 56.8 56.5 56.7 56.6 56.8 56.8 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,574 70,439 71,025 69,794 70,661 70,501 70,969 70,940 71,213

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 53.7 54.1 53.7 54.0 53.8 54.1 54.1 54.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,643 3,945 3,615 3,643 3,473 3,614 3,492 3,617 3,610

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.3 4.8 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,743 56,814 56,677 56,523 56,725 56,855 56,620 56,641 56,493

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,773 122,949 123,066 121,773 122,622 122,728 122,835 122,949 123,066

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,633 71,290 71,902 70,679 71,218 71,303 71,572 71,630 71,893

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 58.0 58.4 58.0 58.1 58.1 58.3 58.3 58.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,394 67,776 68,709 67,465 68,209 68,107 68,508 68,415 68,723

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.1 55.8 55.4 55.6 55.5 55.8 55.6 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,239 3,514 3,193 3,214 3,009 3,196 3,065 3,215 3,169

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,140 51,660 51,164 51,094 51,404 51,425 51,262 51,319 51,173

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,612 16,732 16,737 16,612 16,708 16,718 16,728 16,732 16,737

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,341 6,462 5,714 5,610 5,841 5,789 5,881 5,995 5,995

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 38.6 34.1 33.8 35.0 34.6 35.2 35.8 35.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,476 5,466 4,810 4,702 4,904 4,864 4,961 5,056 5,050

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 32.7 28.7 28.3 29.4 29.1 29.7 30.2 30.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 996 904 908 937 926 920 938 945

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 15.4 15.8 16.2 16.0 16.0 15.6 15.7 15.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,271 10,270 11,023 11,002 10,867 10,928 10,847 10,737 10,741

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,152 198,380 198,509 197,152 198,013 198,132 198,253 198,380 198,509

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,111 124,998 124,689 123,180 124,299 124,551 124,793 124,756 124,873

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 63.0 62.8 62.5 62.8 62.9 62.9 62.9 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,971 119,477 119,465 117,812 119,222 119,133 119,426 119,281 119,427

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 60.2 60.2 59.8 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,139 5,521 5,223 5,368 5,077 5,418 5,367 5,475 5,446

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,041 73,382 73,820 73,973 73,714 73,581 73,460 73,624 73,636

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,608 65,401 65,326 64,541 64,932 65,112 65,232 65,226 65,310

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 72.1 72.0 71.7 71.8 71.9 72.0 72.0 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,165 62,883 62,834 61,874 62,498 62,526 62,556 62,546 62,608

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 69.4 69.3 68.7 69.1 69.1 69.1 69.0 69.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,443 2,518 2,491 2,668 2,434 2,586 2,676 2,680 2,703

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,284 54,566 54,883 54,227 54,754 54,869 54,948 54,863 54,888

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 57.2 57.5 57.2 57.5 57.6 57.6 57.5 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,162 52,245 52,789 52,134 52,775 52,682 52,913 52,720 52,809

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 54.8 55.3 55.0 55.4 55.3 55.5 55.3 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,122 2,321 2,094 2,093 1,979 2,187 2,035 2,144 2,080

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,218 5,031 4,480 4,411 4,612 4,570 4,613 4,666 4,674

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 40.7 36.3 35.8 37.4 37.0 37.4 37.8 37.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,644 4,349 3,842 3,804 3,949 3,925 3,957 4,014 4,010

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 35.2 31.1 30.9 32.0 31.8 32.0 32.5 32.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 682 638 607 664 645 656 652 663

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.6 13.6 14.2 13.8 14.4 14.1 14.2 14.0 14.2

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,479 31,945 31,987 31,479 31,828 31,866 31,904 31,945 31,987

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,287 19,840 19,789 19,364 19,410 19,532 19,522 19,768 19,825

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 62.1 61.9 61.5 61.0 61.3 61.2 61.9 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,535 18,167 18,168 17,573 17,822 17,854 17,885 18,165 18,174

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 56.9 56.8 55.8 56.0 56.0 56.1 56.9 56.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,752 1,673 1,620 1,791 1,588 1,678 1,637 1,603 1,650

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 8.4 8.2 9.2 8.2 8.6 8.4 8.1 8.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,192 12,106 12,199 12,115 12,417 12,334 12,382 12,178 12,163

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,769 8,960 9,021 8,751 8,889 9,000 8,994 8,947 8,998

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 67.3 67.7 66.9 67.1 67.8 67.7 67.3 67.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,017 8,298 8,306 7,971 8,218 8,262 8,254 8,264 8,259

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 62.4 62.3 60.9 62.0 62.3 62.1 62.1 62.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752 661 716 780 671 738 740 683 739

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 7.4 7.9 8.9 7.6 8.2 8.2 7.6 8.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,858 10,025 10,069 9,892 9,801 9,799 9,831 10,026 10,066

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 62.2 62.4 62.2 61.0 60.9 61.0 62.2 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,069 9,249 9,361 9,107 9,079 9,088 9,114 9,314 9,362

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 57.4 58.0 57.2 56.5 56.5 56.6 57.8 58.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 776 708 785 722 711 717 712 704

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.7 7.0 7.9 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 855 698 721 720 733 697 795 761

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 34.0 27.7 29.0 28.7 29.2 27.7 31.6 30.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 619 502 495 525 504 518 587 553

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 24.6 20.0 19.9 20.9 20.1 20.6 23.3 22.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 236 196 226 195 228 179 208 207

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0 27.6 28.1 31.3 27.1 31.2 25.7 26.1 27.2

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,508 15,304 15,310 14,508 14,938 15,032 15,211 15,304 15,310

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,990 9,705 9,717 9,042 9,413 9,504 9,651 9,702 9,764

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 63.4 63.5 62.3 63.0 63.2 63.4 63.4 63.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,675 9,298 9,350 8,711 9,027 9,172 9,281 9,290 9,381

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 60.8 61.1 60.0 60.4 61.0 61.0 60.7 61.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 406 367 331 386 332 369 412 382

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.2 3.8 3.7 4.1 3.5 3.8 4.2 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,518 5,600 5,593 5,466 5,525 5,529 5,560 5,603 5,547

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 39,828 40,825 40,919 39,828 40,558 40,646 40,732 40,825 40,919

Civilian labor force................................ 25,989 27,007 27,019 26,074 26,510 26,675 26,785 26,987 27,064

Participation rate............................... 65.3 66.2 66.0 65.5 65.4 65.6 65.8 66.1 66.1

Employed....................................... 24,454 25,483 25,366 24,410 25,032 25,136 25,347 25,468 25,327

Employment-population ratio............... 61.4 62.4 62.0 61.3 61.7 61.8 62.2 62.4 61.9

Unemployed.................................... 1,535 1,524 1,653 1,664 1,478 1,539 1,438 1,519 1,737

Unemployment rate......................... 5.9 5.6 6.1 6.4 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.6 6.4

Not in labor force................................. 13,839 13,818 13,901 13,754 14,048 13,971 13,947 13,838 13,856

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,450 14,912 14,837 14,471 14,598 14,751 14,842 14,897 14,837

Participation rate............................... 80.5 81.0 80.4 80.6 79.8 80.5 80.8 80.9 80.4

Employed....................................... 13,759 14,252 14,109 13,676 13,956 14,095 14,141 14,184 14,035

Employment-population ratio............... 76.6 77.4 76.5 76.2 76.3 76.9 77.0 77.1 76.1

Unemployed.................................... 692 660 728 795 642 656 701 713 803

Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 4.4 4.9 5.5 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.8 5.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,485 10,903 10,988 10,511 10,667 10,750 10,797 10,957 10,999

Participation rate............................... 57.8 58.5 58.8 57.9 57.6 58.0 58.1 58.8 58.9

Employed....................................... 9,827 10,238 10,278 9,844 10,058 10,067 10,226 10,322 10,292

Employment-population ratio............... 54.1 54.9 55.0 54.2 54.3 54.3 55.0 55.4 55.1

Unemployed.................................... 658 665 710 667 609 683 571 635 707

Unemployment rate......................... 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.3 5.7 6.4 5.3 5.8 6.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,054 1,193 1,193 1,093 1,244 1,175 1,146 1,133 1,227

Participation rate............................... 28.4 31.5 31.4 29.4 33.0 31.1 30.3 29.9 32.3

Employed....................................... 869 994 979 889 1,017 974 980 963 1,000

Employment-population ratio............... 23.4 26.2 25.8 23.9 27.0 25.8 25.9 25.4 26.3

Unemployed.................................... 185 199 215 203 227 201 166 170 227

Unemployment rate......................... 17.6 16.7 18.0 18.6 18.3 17.1 14.5 15.0 18.5

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,588 10,648 10,763 10,597 10,464 10,522 10,638 10,809 10,828

Participation rate.................................. 44.8 45.8 45.4 44.8 44.5 45.2 47.0 46.5 45.7

Employed.......................................... 9,858 9,922 9,939 9,779 9,720 9,734 9,969 10,035 9,902

Employment-population ratio................. 41.7 42.7 41.9 41.3 41.3 41.9 44.0 43.2 41.8

Unemployed....................................... 730 726 824 818 744 787 669 774 926

Unemployment rate............................ 6.9 6.8 7.7 7.7 7.1 7.5 6.3 7.2 8.5

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,497 36,029 35,955 35,220 35,536 35,260 35,547 35,793 35,704

Participation rate.................................. 57.3 57.5 57.8 56.9 57.1 57.2 57.1 57.1 57.4

Employed.......................................... 33,719 34,231 34,171 33,370 33,728 33,480 33,758 33,985 33,857

Employment-population ratio................. 54.5 54.6 54.9 53.9 54.2 54.3 54.2 54.2 54.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,778 1,798 1,784 1,850 1,808 1,780 1,789 1,808 1,847

Unemployment rate............................ 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,358 37,381 37,820 37,330 37,829 37,804 37,791 37,571 37,900

Participation rate.................................. 66.2 66.2 66.9 66.2 66.2 66.0 66.2 66.5 67.0

Employed.......................................... 35,797 35,743 36,258 35,724 36,364 36,231 36,182 35,970 36,296

Employment-population ratio................. 63.5 63.3 64.1 63.3 63.7 63.2 63.4 63.7 64.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,562 1,638 1,562 1,607 1,465 1,573 1,609 1,601 1,604

Unemployment rate............................ 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 52,552 53,645 54,279 52,711 53,398 54,102 54,100 54,068 54,341

Participation rate.................................. 74.2 73.5 74.1 74.4 74.3 74.4 74.0 74.1 74.2

Employed.......................................... 51,251 52,032 52,916 51,408 52,113 52,723 52,741 52,618 52,967

Employment-population ratio................. 72.4 71.3 72.3 72.6 72.5 72.5 72.1 72.1 72.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,301 1,613 1,363 1,303 1,285 1,378 1,359 1,450 1,374

Unemployment rate............................ 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,145 20,832 19,145 18,815 2,000 2,017

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,786 10,652 9,547 9,369 1,240 1,283

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 51.1 49.9 49.8 62.0 63.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,318 10,191 9,151 8,959 1,167 1,233

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.8 48.9 47.8 47.6 58.3 61.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 461 396 411 73 50

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4 5.9 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,359 10,180 9,598 9,446 760 734

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,671 3,935 2,999 3,235 671 701

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,964 3,170 2,464 2,650 500 520

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.8 80.5 82.1 81.9 74.5 74.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,818 3,030 2,342 2,523 476 507

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 77.0 78.1 78.0 70.8 72.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 139 122 127 25 12

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.4 5.0 4.8 5.0 2.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706 766 535 585 171 181

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,407 3,359 2,908 2,854 500 504

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,771 2,757 2,400 2,366 371 391

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 82.1 82.6 82.9 74.2 77.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,673 2,646 2,323 2,271 350 376

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.5 78.8 79.9 79.6 70.1 74.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 111 77 95 20 16

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.0 3.2 4.0 5.5 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 601 507 488 129 113

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,818 8,407 8,504 8,106 314 301

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,292 2,127 2,230 2,051 62 76

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.0 25.3 26.2 25.3 19.7 25.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,187 2,053 2,133 1,977 54 76

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.8 24.4 25.1 24.4 17.1 25.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 74 97 74 8 1

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.5 4.4 3.6 – 0.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,526 6,280 6,274 6,055 252 225

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,249 5,131 4,734 4,620 515 511

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,759 2,598 2,453 2,302 307 295

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.6 50.6 51.8 49.8 59.5 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,641 2,462 2,354 2,188 287 274

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.3 48.0 49.7 47.4 55.7 53.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 136 99 114 20 22

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.2 4.0 5.0 6.4 7.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,490 2,533 2,281 2,318 208 216

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221,260 224,233 97,671 99,452 123,590 124,781

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,884 146,789 72,861 74,586 71,024 72,203

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 65.5 74.6 75.0 57.5 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,019 139,919 69,434 71,122 67,585 68,797

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 62.4 71.1 71.5 54.7 55.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,866 6,870 3,427 3,465 3,438 3,406

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,376 77,444 24,810 24,866 52,566 52,578

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,183 30,421 221,142 223,670

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,780 6,027 150,828 153,609

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.1 19.8 68.2 68.7

Employed............................................................................. 5,181 5,502 143,799 146,475

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.2 18.1 65.0 65.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 599 525 7,029 7,134

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.4 8.7 4.7 4.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,403 24,395 70,315 70,061

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,446 2,615 76,008 77,114

Participation rate..................................................................... 31.4 33.1 82.0 82.6

Employed............................................................................. 2,199 2,383 72,483 73,513

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 28.3 30.2 78.2 78.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 247 232 3,525 3,601

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.1 8.9 4.6 4.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,336 5,277 16,708 16,202

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,314 2,312 66,981 68,184

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.2 28.8 69.9 70.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,039 2,063 63,770 64,962

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 24.8 25.7 66.6 67.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 276 249 3,211 3,222

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.9 10.8 4.8 4.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,896 5,702 28,840 28,319

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,019 1,100 7,839 8,311

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.2 7.6 24.0 24.6

Employed............................................................................. 943 1,056 7,547 8,000

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.6 7.3 23.1 23.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 76 44 293 311

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.4 4.0 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,172 13,417 24,767 25,540

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 40,314 41,785 19,390 20,170 20,924 21,615

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,132 27,345 15,091 15,601 11,041 11,743

Participation rate.................................................. 64.8 65.4 77.8 77.3 52.8 54.3

Employed.......................................................... 24,928 26,146 14,503 15,065 10,425 11,080

Employment-population ratio................................. 61.8 62.6 74.8 74.7 49.8 51.3

Unemployed....................................................... 1,204 1,199 588 536 617 663

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.6 4.4 3.9 3.4 5.6 5.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,182 14,441 4,299 4,569 9,883 9,871

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 211,011 212,306 101,975 102,604 109,036 109,702

Civilian labor force.................................................. 130,475 132,291 68,300 69,394 62,175 62,897

Participation rate.................................................. 61.8 62.3 67.0 67.6 57.0 57.3

Employed.......................................................... 124,052 125,832 64,903 65,887 59,149 59,944

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.8 59.3 63.6 64.2 54.2 54.6

Unemployed....................................................... 6,423 6,460 3,397 3,507 3,026 2,952

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,536 80,015 33,676 33,210 46,860 46,805

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,471 2,718 2,526 2,368 2,585 2,516 2,388 2,520 2,441

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,634 1,783 1,623 1,516 1,689 1,651 1,605 1,617 1,530

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 810 915 879 821 862 840 766 873 886

Unpaid family workers........................... 26 20 24 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 146,509 149,086 149,451 146,535 148,429 148,640 149,155 149,118 149,560

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 138,008 140,323 140,780 137,999 139,574 139,777 140,468 140,431 140,812

Government..................................... 20,446 20,065 20,708 20,558 20,599 20,186 20,430 20,670 20,798

Private industries............................... 117,562 120,258 120,073 117,503 119,011 119,592 119,988 119,736 120,046

Private households.......................... 733 763 715 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 116,829 119,495 119,358 116,727 118,282 118,837 119,250 118,982 119,293

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,452 8,661 8,607 8,356 8,816 8,772 8,660 8,621 8,574

Unpaid family workers........................... 49 101 64 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,693 5,963 5,550 6,034 6,430 5,843 5,940 6,053 5,894

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,360 3,620 3,376 3,563 3,890 3,443 3,642 3,727 3,618

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,085 1,885 1,921 2,123 2,086 2,062 1,981 1,929 1,969

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,109 18,495 20,782 19,997 20,606 20,505 20,717 20,523 20,688

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,620 5,845 5,468 5,942 6,372 5,745 5,846 5,931 5,790

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,319 3,531 3,316 3,507 3,828 3,377 3,566 3,641 3,536

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,060 1,878 1,914 2,098 2,076 2,052 1,965 1,911 1,956

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,791 18,135 20,419 19,687 20,224 20,101 20,337 20,185 20,333

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,980 151,804 151,977 148,942 151,030 151,097 151,517 151,614 151,968

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,476 5,466 4,810 4,702 4,904 4,864 4,961 5,056 5,050

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,643 2,019 1,867 1,625 1,732 1,839 1,811 1,829 1,843

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,832 3,447 2,943 3,073 3,193 3,032 3,149 3,225 3,189

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,504 146,338 147,168 144,240 146,126 146,234 146,556 146,558 146,918

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,880 14,410 13,883 13,975 14,090 14,023 13,865 14,139 14,006

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,625 131,927 133,285 130,191 131,965 132,251 132,756 132,464 132,869

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,142 97,691 98,580 96,759 97,765 97,793 98,042 97,870 98,204

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,899 33,897 34,094 32,806 33,518 33,662 33,812 33,947 33,989

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,522 31,353 31,736 31,355 31,578 31,543 31,627 31,404 31,557

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,722 32,440 32,750 32,598 32,669 32,588 32,602 32,520 32,658

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,483 34,236 34,705 33,432 34,200 34,459 34,714 34,594 34,666

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,406 81,365 80,952 79,148 80,369 80,596 80,548 80,674 80,755

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,296 2,803 2,494 2,373 2,452 2,469 2,500 2,531 2,560

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821 1,016 872 800 826 906 869 895 852

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,475 1,787 1,622 1,576 1,630 1,571 1,627 1,631 1,710

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,110 78,562 78,459 76,775 77,917 78,127 78,048 78,143 78,195

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,085 7,462 7,134 7,112 7,221 7,229 7,120 7,238 7,185

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,026 71,100 71,324 69,631 70,647 70,899 70,987 70,913 70,968

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,243 52,621 52,775 51,945 52,431 52,493 52,395 52,401 52,497

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,831 18,309 18,313 17,743 18,136 18,209 18,197 18,238 18,232

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,064 17,065 17,076 16,946 17,059 17,084 17,048 16,996 16,968

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,349 17,247 17,386 17,257 17,236 17,200 17,149 17,167 17,298

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,782 18,479 18,549 17,686 18,216 18,406 18,592 18,512 18,471

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,574 70,439 71,025 69,794 70,661 70,501 70,969 70,940 71,213

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,180 2,663 2,316 2,329 2,452 2,394 2,461 2,525 2,490

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 1,003 995 825 906 934 942 934 991

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358 1,660 1,321 1,497 1,563 1,461 1,522 1,594 1,478

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,394 67,776 68,709 67,465 68,209 68,107 68,508 68,415 68,723

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,795 6,949 6,749 6,863 6,868 6,794 6,745 6,901 6,820

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,599 60,827 61,960 60,560 61,318 61,353 61,768 61,551 61,902

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,899 45,070 45,804 44,813 45,334 45,300 45,646 45,469 45,707

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,068 15,588 15,780 15,064 15,382 15,453 15,614 15,709 15,757

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,458 14,288 14,660 14,409 14,519 14,460 14,579 14,408 14,589

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,373 15,193 15,364 15,341 15,433 15,387 15,453 15,352 15,360

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,700 15,758 16,156 15,747 15,984 16,053 16,122 16,082 16,195

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,091 45,538 45,872 44,907 45,023 45,562 45,532 45,478 45,678

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,185 34,881 35,675 35,023 35,158 35,171 35,316 35,350 35,493

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,714 9,627 9,958 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,303 125,892 124,728 121,873 123,135 123,586 123,892 124,301 124,296

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,677 25,912 27,250 27,009 27,936 27,445 27,595 27,207 27,637

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,297 7,234 7,846 7,351 7,412 7,207 7,361 7,562 7,863

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.2

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,534 5,342 5,734 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,262 9,577 9,486 9,177 9,678 9,612 9,426 9,495 9,461

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,925 7,849 7,939 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 908 938 945 16.2 16.0 16.0 15.6 15.7 15.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 348 366 385 17.6 18.5 17.0 15.3 16.7 17.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 575 579 573 15.8 14.4 15.5 15.9 15.2 15.2

20 years and over................................ 7,017 6,910 6,994 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,416 1,246 1,242 9.2 8.3 8.7 9.0 8.1 8.1

25 years and over.............................. 5,582 5,681 5,759 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2

25 to 54 years............................... 4,223 4,423 4,446 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.3

25 to 34 years............................. 1,766 1,861 1,855 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.2

35 to 44 years............................. 1,311 1,331 1,363 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.5 4.1 4.1

45 to 54 years............................. 1,146 1,232 1,229 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6

55 years and over........................... 1,323 1,268 1,279 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.6

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,282 4,232 4,329 5.1 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 479 537 504 16.8 16.2 17.1 16.5 17.5 16.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 188 196 197 19.0 19.3 18.3 15.0 17.9 18.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 303 345 316 16.1 14.3 16.9 17.4 17.5 15.6

20 years and over................................ 3,803 3,695 3,825 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 824 743 726 10.4 8.8 9.4 10.1 9.3 9.2

25 years and over.............................. 2,969 2,950 3,106 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2

25 to 54 years............................... 2,224 2,251 2,355 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.3

25 to 34 years............................. 976 964 1,003 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.2

35 to 44 years............................. 649 665 723 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.1

45 to 54 years............................. 599 622 629 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.5

55 years and over........................... 745 698 751 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.9

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,643 3,617 3,610 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 429 402 441 15.6 15.9 14.8 14.8 13.7 15.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 160 171 188 16.2 17.8 15.6 15.6 15.5 15.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 272 234 257 15.4 14.5 14.0 14.2 12.8 14.8

20 years and over................................ 3,214 3,215 3,169 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 592 503 516 7.9 7.7 7.9 7.8 6.8 7.0

25 years and over.............................. 2,612 2,731 2,652 4.1 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.1

25 to 54 years............................... 1,999 2,172 2,091 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.0 4.6 4.4

25 to 34 years............................. 789 897 852 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.1

35 to 44 years............................. 662 665 640 4.4 3.6 4.1 3.5 4.4 4.2

45 to 54 years............................. 547 609 599 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.8

55 years and over........................... 590 558 550 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,271 1,240 1,345 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.9

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,091 1,107 1,101 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0

Women who maintain families1

.................... 739 821 680 7.1 6.6 7.3 7.2 7.9 6.4

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 6,601 6,411 6,521 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,356 1,427 1,434 4.8 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,509 3,787 3,536 3,883 3,573 3,776 3,739 3,791 3,967

On temporary layoff.............................. 574 1,000 694 901 829 1,097 997 998 1,075

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,935 2,787 2,842 2,982 2,744 2,679 2,743 2,792 2,892

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,121 1,987 1,968 2,139 1,982 1,917 2,021 2,005 1,986

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 813 800 874 843 762 763 722 787 906

Job leavers........................................... 849 967 991 778 796 828 824 885 893

Reentrants............................................ 2,474 2,283 2,367 2,443 2,209 2,268 2,298 2,271 2,333

New entrants......................................... 796 959 764 832 865 902 826 861 805

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 46.0 47.4 46.2 48.9 48.0 48.6 48.6 48.6 49.6

On temporary layoff.............................. 7.5 12.5 9.1 11.3 11.1 14.1 13.0 12.8 13.4

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 38.5 34.9 37.1 37.6 36.9 34.5 35.7 35.8 36.2

Job leavers........................................... 11.1 12.1 12.9 9.8 10.7 10.7 10.7 11.3 11.2

Reentrants............................................ 32.4 28.5 30.9 30.8 29.7 29.2 29.9 29.1 29.2

New entrants......................................... 10.4 12.0 10.0 10.5 11.6 11.6 10.7 11.0 10.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................ 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,324 2,308 2,562 2,373 2,207 2,418 2,160 2,290 2,574

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,096 2,746 2,092 2,211 2,239 2,140 2,266 2,329 2,234

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,207 2,942 3,004 3,337 3,058 3,108 3,170 3,062 3,131

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,143 946 1,083 1,228 1,173 1,129 1,150 1,056 1,157

27 weeks and over............................... 2,064 1,996 1,921 2,109 1,885 1,979 2,020 2,006 1,974

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 26.2 26.7 27.2 26.3 26.7 27.7 28.1 27.6 27.5

Median duration, in weeks......................... 11.4 10.3 10.2 11.3 10.7 10.3 11.6 11.2 10.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 30.5 28.9 33.5 30.0 29.4 31.5 28.4 29.8 32.4

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 27.5 34.3 27.3 27.9 29.8 27.9 29.8 30.3 28.1

15 weeks and over.................................. 42.0 36.8 39.2 42.1 40.8 40.5 41.7 39.9 39.4

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 15.0 11.8 14.1 15.5 15.6 14.7 15.1 13.8 14.6

27 weeks and over............................... 27.1 25.0 25.1 26.6 25.1 25.8 26.6 26.1 24.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 148,980 151,977 7,628 7,658 4.9 4.8

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 58,105 59,599 1,414 1,652 2.4 2.7

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 24,485 24,729 590 708 2.4 2.8

Professional and related occupations.......................... 33,619 34,870 823 944 2.4 2.6

Service occupations................................................ 25,808 27,100 1,815 1,690 6.6 5.9

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,106 33,435 1,782 1,614 5.1 4.6

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,498 15,704 912 855 5.6 5.2

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,608 17,731 871 760 4.7 4.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,865 14,106 823 772 5.6 5.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,116 1,159 68 116 5.7 9.1

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,611 8,101 570 489 7.0 5.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,139 4,845 185 167 3.5 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,095 17,738 982 1,151 5.1 6.1

Production occupations.......................................... 8,743 8,261 410 561 4.5 6.4

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,352 9,477 572 590 5.8 5.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 7,628 7,658 4.9 4.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,918 5,828 4.8 4.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 99 43 11.2 5.7

Construction.......................................................................... 479 474 5.5 5.2

Manufacturing........................................................................ 652 668 4.1 4.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 386 410 3.9 4.1

Nondurable goods................................................................ 266 258 4.4 4.3

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,091 1,002 5.4 5.0

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 218 283 3.4 4.3

Information............................................................................ 126 139 4.7 5.2

Financial activities................................................................... 247 296 2.6 3.0

Professional and business services............................................... 843 902 5.3 5.3

Education and health services..................................................... 802 860 3.5 3.7

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,008 917 7.5 6.5

Other services........................................................................ 353 245 5.3 3.7

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 67 139 4.0 8.1

Government workers................................................................... 477 538 2.3 2.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 370 389 3.8 3.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.2 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.0

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 9.6 9.7 9.3 10.0 9.7 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2015

Sept.

2016

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,718 94,456 37,975 37,779 56,743 56,677

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,584 5,753 2,529 2,745 3,055 3,008

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,921 1,844 982 993 940 851

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 635 553 377 321 258 232

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,287 1,292 604 672 682 619

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,297 7,846 3,573 3,691 3,724 4,154

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.9 5.2 4.5 4.6 5.4 5.8

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,859 4,298 2,110 2,358 1,749 1,939

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,999 2,087 678 637 1,321 1,451

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 267 319 182 195 84 124

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,109 1,065 580 470 530 595

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Change

from:

Aug.2016 -

Sept.2016p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,520 144,183 144,416 144,943 142,300 144,424 144,591 144,747 156

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,584 123,259 123,302 122,845 120,264 122,255 122,399 122,566 167

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,840 19,983 19,976 19,877 19,550 19,627 19,602 19,612 10

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 693 690 689 790 685 681 681 0

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.3 51.4 51.3 50.8 50.7 49.5 49.1 49.1 0.0

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746.1 641.5 638.3 638.2 739.6 635.3 632.1 632.3 0.2

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189.7 173.8 173.9 172.4 189.2 171.9 172.6 172.6 0.0

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.9 184.1 185.1 184.8 195.0 180.2 180.5 181.4 0.9

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 52.6 53.2 53.3 63.9 52.8 52.8 52.9 0.1

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 38.4 38.4 38.5 40.5 38.2 38.4 38.8 0.4

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.5 93.1 93.5 93.0 90.5 89.2 89.3 89.7 0.4

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.5 283.6 279.3 281.0 355.4 283.2 279.0 278.3 -0.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,678 6,915 6,919 6,886 6,451 6,651 6,646 6,669 23

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,445.5 1,507.0 1,505.8 1,500.0 1,413.2 1,461.7 1,461.8 1,465.5 3.7

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.0 745.7 750.4 756.0 691.1 722.2 729.7 737.6 7.9

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735.5 761.3 755.4 744.0 722.1 739.5 732.1 727.9 -4.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 995.5 994.7 991.3 994.3 931.0 936.1 927.4 931.7 4.3

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,237.4 4,413.7 4,421.5 4,391.8 4,106.6 4,253.0 4,256.9 4,271.6 14.7

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,842.4 1,944.5 1,945.7 1,936.4 1,779.8 1,864.6 1,871.5 1,879.3 7.8

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,395.0 2,469.2 2,475.8 2,455.4 2,326.8 2,388.4 2,385.4 2,392.3 6.9

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,363 12,375 12,367 12,302 12,309 12,291 12,275 12,262 -13

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,760 7,720 7,706 7,667 7,749 7,685 7,668 7,657 -11

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.8 387.4 387.4 384.0 381.2 382.4 381.8 380.2 -1.6

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.1 409.9 407.8 406.8 397.3 400.2 399.0 400.3 1.3

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.5 374.0 372.5 371.9 387.3 374.3 372.5 371.6 -0.9

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,449.6 1,429.6 1,427.0 1,421.2 1,448.5 1,424.3 1,423.3 1,421.8 -1.5

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,112.0 1,085.0 1,082.2 1,077.2 1,113.8 1,080.7 1,081.0 1,080.6 -0.4

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,048.2 1,043.3 1,042.2 1,034.1 1,048.6 1,037.2 1,036.1 1,034.6 -1.5

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 161.7 165.0 163.7 162.2 161.2 162.5 161.8 162.3 0.5

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.7 85.1 84.8 84.3 86.9 84.8 84.5 84.3 -0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.4 361.7 362.7 358.0 365.9 360.4 360.3 358.6 -1.7

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.2 396.8 396.2 394.6 399.5 394.7 394.6 394.3 -0.3

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 34.7 34.8 35.0 35.1 34.7 34.8 35.1 0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 384.5 385.6 382.6 380.3 384.3 382.9 381.0 380.2 -0.8

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,612.7 1,613.0 1,613.2 1,606.1 1,611.7 1,616.1 1,608.1 1,603.9 -4.2

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922.8 928.4 932.6 928.1 921.1 931.8 927.2 924.1 -3.1

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.0 390.7 391.3 386.9 383.7 387.3 386.8 385.1 -1.7

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593.3 601.2 599.5 598.1 592.9 599.9 598.1 598.4 0.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,603 4,655 4,661 4,635 4,560 4,606 4,607 4,605 -2

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,530.3 1,564.9 1,575.2 1,557.7 1,499.0 1,536.4 1,537.6 1,533.3 -4.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.4 112.9 112.5 111.7 115.1 112.9 112.5 112.2 -0.3

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.0 115.5 115.3 116.0 116.7 115.1 115.4 116.6 1.2

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.0 129.8 131.0 132.2 136.0 131.3 131.1 131.0 -0.1

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.7 372.6 372.3 370.4 373.3 370.4 370.8 370.3 -0.5

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 446.5 442.5 440.1 439.7 446.9 442.1 439.6 440.3 0.7

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.5 118.0 117.9 117.3 116.3 115.3 115.7 116.0 0.3

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809.5 823.9 822.0 818.2 809.6 818.9 819.8 820.2 0.4

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687.1 695.9 693.6 690.0 686.2 691.9 690.8 690.8 0.0

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.9 278.5 281.0 281.9 260.4 271.9 273.3 274.6 1.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,744 103,276 103,326 102,968 100,714 102,628 102,797 102,954 157

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,889 27,347 27,359 27,267 26,987 27,340 27,383 27,407 24

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,879.0 5,956.5 5,954.3 5,938.7 5,878.3 5,924.0 5,928.7 5,938.4 9.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,932.8 2,964.4 2,964.5 2,951.5 2,935.2 2,948.4 2,950.4 2,954.5 4.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,045.5 2,078.6 2,074.7 2,076.2 2,041.3 2,065.1 2,066.1 2,073.0 6.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Change

from:

Aug.2016 -

Sept.2016p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900.7 913.5 915.1 911.0 901.8 910.5 912.2 910.9 -1.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,564.4 15,976.8 15,965.1 15,839.2 15,681.0 15,954.7 15,975.6 15,997.6 22.0

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,955.6 2,012.2 2,015.9 2,011.8 1,944.1 1,994.4 1,999.9 2,004.4 4.5

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,254.7 1,294.4 1,297.2 1,297.5 1,249.6 1,288.4 1,290.9 1,293.6 2.7

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.3 159.2 157.1 153.3 146.2 150.2 150.7 151.2 0.5

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 551.6 558.6 561.6 561.0 548.3 555.9 558.3 559.6 1.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 466.7 479.4 481.8 479.3 471.4 484.9 486.7 486.7 0.0

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 520.9 517.2 513.9 517.6 528.9 528.7 527.6 529.0 1.4

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,221.7 1,322.1 1,298.7 1,267.8 1,238.0 1,284.4 1,293.7 1,289.1 -4.6

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,071.7 3,134.7 3,127.7 3,102.9 3,075.1 3,103.1 3,107.7 3,108.7 1.0

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025.7 1,045.1 1,044.3 1,039.9 1,031.3 1,047.0 1,046.5 1,046.2 -0.3

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.2 937.3 938.5 936.4 907.5 924.6 923.0 930.5 7.5

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,328.5 1,370.3 1,372.2 1,349.6 1,361.8 1,381.2 1,378.3 1,392.6 14.3

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613.2 610.2 615.4 612.5 619.0 628.3 627.3 625.2 -2.1

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,100.4 3,166.9 3,172.5 3,149.7 3,156.4 3,198.6 3,205.8 3,209.9 4.1

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,287.4 1,291.1 1,294.4 1,280.7 1,326.3 1,316.3 1,319.6 1,322.4 2.8

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,813.0 1,875.8 1,878.1 1,869.0 1,830.1 1,882.3 1,886.2 1,887.5 1.3

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833.9 851.5 851.2 837.0 827.5 841.4 840.0 836.9 -3.1

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.9 529.9 533.0 534.7 520.0 538.1 539.1 538.4 -0.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,885.5 4,842.8 4,871.8 4,924.7 4,867.1 4,896.1 4,914.7 4,905.7 -9.0

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460.5 474.8 475.9 471.8 460.5 470.3 471.9 471.1 -0.8

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238.4 217.4 217.4 216.4 238.7 216.6 216.8 215.6 -1.2

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 65.4 64.9 63.0 63.5 62.6 62.7 62.5 -0.2

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,479.7 1,475.5 1,483.3 1,474.5 1,458.8 1,456.3 1,460.3 1,456.7 -3.6

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.2 415.4 418.6 473.3 475.3 474.1 477.1 463.0 -14.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.3 48.3 48.0 47.8 50.1 48.0 48.1 48.1 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 38.4 40.2 41.1 36.5 33.0 30.7 30.7 30.3 -0.4

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 657.9 652.9 654.1 656.9 657.7 651.7 653.0 656.3 3.3

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.5 591.7 600.8 609.9 606.0 623.1 627.0 629.7 2.7

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824.2 861.2 867.7 874.6 823.5 862.7 867.1 872.4 5.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560.1 570.7 567.3 564.5 560.8 565.2 564.4 564.8 0.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,756 2,791 2,786 2,760 2,766 2,777 2,773 2,774 1

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 727.7 729.6 731.8 725.6 726.0 726.4 729.0 726.4 -2.6

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.9 427.4 425.8 412.5 407.7 418.6 416.2 420.9 4.7

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280.4 275.1 276.5 276.2 279.0 275.4 277.3 276.7 -0.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.3 796.5 788.4 781.6 809.8 796.4 788.3 784.6 -3.7

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298.4 299.7 299.9 300.1 299.4 299.2 300.1 300.7 0.6

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.9 262.4 263.7 263.9 244.4 260.7 262.2 264.3 2.1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,157 8,379 8,378 8,327 8,153 8,300 8,313 8,319 6

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,049.6 6,184.5 6,188.5 6,165.7 6,058.1 6,158.2 6,170.6 6,172.5 1.9

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 17.8 18.2 18.0 17.8 17.8 17.9 17.8 17.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,567.2 2,617.5 2,619.0 2,605.7 2,569.6 2,604.9 2,608.4 2,608.9 0.5

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,672.4 1,697.1 1,696.2 1,687.4 1,676.4 1,689.3 1,690.0 1,691.7 1.7

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,263.2 1,273.2 1,271.2 1,264.9 1,266.7 1,268.1 1,267.7 1,268.2 0.5

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 599.0 607.7 609.9 609.5 596.9 606.4 607.4 609.1 1.7

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 295.8 312.7 312.9 308.8 296.3 309.2 311.0 308.0 -3.0

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 909.3 935.4 939.1 933.6 912.9 929.4 934.2 933.9 -0.3

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,555.3 2,613.4 2,612.4 2,608.6 2,557.8 2,606.0 2,610.2 2,611.9 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,107.4 2,194.2 2,189.0 2,160.8 2,094.8 2,141.9 2,142.6 2,146.0 3.4

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,528.9 1,590.9 1,593.2 1,578.8 1,524.0 1,562.6 1,567.6 1,572.5 4.9

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.9 579.4 572.1 558.7 547.2 555.8 551.6 550.1 -1.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.6 23.9 23.7 23.3 23.6 23.5 23.4 23.4 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Change

from:

Aug.2016 -

Sept.2016p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,837 20,372 20,424 20,431 19,782 20,266 20,297 20,364 67

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,587.6 8,936.9 8,940.0 8,901.5 8,677.7 8,935.3 8,959.9 8,989.8 29.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,117.0 1,135.4 1,128.2 1,122.0 1,122.8 1,125.6 1,125.2 1,125.6 0.4

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 918.7 960.5 960.8 958.7 992.3 1,024.8 1,025.6 1,031.7 6.1

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,418.4 1,464.4 1,460.9 1,447.8 1,413.4 1,441.8 1,443.2 1,444.7 1.5

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.1 144.7 145.9 144.2 136.4 144.2 145.5 145.7 0.2

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,923.6 2,016.2 2,020.9 2,007.7 1,934.8 2,002.7 2,009.1 2,014.5 5.4

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,274.3 1,348.4 1,353.1 1,362.1 1,275.7 1,343.2 1,350.0 1,365.9 15.9

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657.6 682.4 681.5 672.2 660.8 673.3 676.7 675.6 -1.1

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 486.8 501.6 500.3 498.3 487.8 499.4 499.0 499.5 0.5

Other professional and technical services. . . 655.1 683.3 688.4 688.5 653.6 680.4 685.6 686.7 1.1

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,225.6 2,290.7 2,285.6 2,279.8 2,229.0 2,276.2 2,274.9 2,278.0 3.1

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,023.8 9,144.5 9,198.8 9,249.2 8,875.6 9,054.4 9,062.3 9,096.5 34.2

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,620.1 8,726.9 8,781.3 8,836.2 8,475.8 8,647.4 8,652.6 8,687.2 34.6

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 470.9 494.3 497.3 497.4 471.1 492.9 495.4 496.7 1.3

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.1 142.7 143.0 144.7 142.8 143.4 143.7 144.8 1.1

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,621.6 3,563.0 3,619.5 3,692.5 3,551.8 3,595.9 3,594.0 3,615.8 21.8

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,952.3 2,884.3 2,941.4 3,007.4 2,890.7 2,922.9 2,921.9 2,945.1 23.2

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892.0 905.6 911.5 920.7 896.6 920.6 922.8 927.7 4.9

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.9 208.4 207.7 205.2 202.3 205.1 205.5 205.1 -0.4

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 884.4 898.6 902.8 908.7 873.8 901.3 900.5 900.8 0.3

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,092.0 2,190.9 2,175.8 2,140.1 2,024.8 2,066.5 2,067.7 2,072.1 4.4

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.2 323.4 323.7 326.9 312.4 321.6 323.0 324.1 1.1

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.7 417.6 417.5 413.0 399.8 407.0 409.7 409.3 -0.4

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,102 22,371 22,428 22,714 22,192 22,714 22,771 22,800 29

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,413.6 3,223.6 3,214.4 3,497.0 3,471.5 3,524.3 3,536.0 3,543.2 7.2

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,688.1 19,147.2 19,213.7 19,216.6 18,720.3 19,189.2 19,234.5 19,256.3 21.8

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,167.5 15,587.8 15,616.1 15,614.6 15,183.6 15,573.7 15,596.0 15,628.7 32.7

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 6,906.9 7,141.2 7,169.9 7,175.7 6,919.9 7,144.8 7,163.0 7,186.9 23.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,543.3 2,618.1 2,621.8 2,627.0 2,549.8 2,617.8 2,621.0 2,630.7 9.7

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908.9 939.2 944.4 940.3 909.0 938.6 940.7 943.6 2.9

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 815.1 860.7 870.2 864.3 819.1 861.7 866.5 867.5 1.0

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749.8 782.3 785.2 788.7 751.9 781.5 785.0 789.3 4.3

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 261.8 260.1 259.0 257.0 262.6 259.1 259.0 258.6 -0.4

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,337.7 1,387.9 1,393.8 1,402.7 1,337.4 1,392.8 1,396.3 1,402.1 5.8

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290.3 292.9 295.5 295.7 290.2 293.3 294.3 295.1 0.8

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,955.2 5,098.0 5,106.2 5,112.1 4,955.1 5,092.1 5,103.3 5,110.2 6.9

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,305.4 3,348.6 3,340.0 3,326.8 3,308.6 3,336.8 3,329.7 3,331.6 1.9

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,657.1 1,670.6 1,662.5 1,658.3 1,657.1 1,664.0 1,658.2 1,658.5 0.3

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 606.9 613.9 614.4 612.2 607.6 611.8 612.6 612.7 0.1

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879.2 897.8 898.8 892.9 881.8 896.6 895.9 896.5 0.6

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 162.2 166.3 164.3 163.4 162.1 164.5 163.0 163.8 0.8

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,520.6 3,559.4 3,597.6 3,602.0 3,536.7 3,615.5 3,638.5 3,627.6 -10.9

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,148.9 2,220.3 2,233.7 2,220.5 2,164.2 2,220.4 2,235.4 2,236.0 0.6

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 155.6 157.8 159.8 158.0 156.1 157.2 159.9 158.8 -1.1

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 335.9 340.7 337.8 332.8 336.2 334.1 334.2 334.2 0.0

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880.2 840.6 866.3 890.7 880.1 903.8 909.0 898.7 -10.3

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,389 16,258 16,216 15,766 15,208 15,538 15,559 15,574 15

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,240.9 2,599.3 2,538.6 2,307.4 2,181.8 2,254.0 2,250.9 2,231.5 -19.4

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 477.2 518.7 518.0 500.4 462.3 492.1 486.5 473.3 -13.2

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.6 175.8 172.2 159.2 154.0 160.6 159.9 158.2 -1.7

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,608.1 1,904.8 1,848.4 1,647.8 1,565.5 1,601.3 1,604.5 1,600.0 -4.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,147.6 13,659.0 13,677.3 13,458.4 13,026.5 13,284.1 13,307.6 13,342.3 34.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Change

from:

Aug.2016 -

Sept.2016p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,962.1 2,087.3 2,067.2 1,973.0 1,919.5 1,936.2 1,930.1 1,935.1 5.0

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,185.5 11,571.7 11,610.1 11,485.4 11,107.0 11,347.9 11,377.5 11,407.2 29.7

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,614 5,758 5,735 5,703 5,626 5,693 5,701 5,716 15

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,277.0 1,291.8 1,286.6 1,285.0 1,273.5 1,286.3 1,282.8 1,283.5 0.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,404.9 1,443.9 1,442.7 1,446.8 1,406.1 1,434.8 1,439.2 1,446.6 7.4

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,932.5 3,022.6 3,005.7 2,971.2 2,946.7 2,972.1 2,979.1 2,985.4 6.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,936 20,924 21,114 22,098 22,036 22,169 22,192 22,181 -11

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,758.0 2,805.0 2,804.0 2,805.0 2,754.0 2,790.0 2,792.0 2,796.0 4.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,164.6 2,198.9 2,195.0 2,193.4 2,157.9 2,180.2 2,179.4 2,181.0 1.6

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593.7 605.8 609.0 611.1 595.6 609.8 612.7 614.8 2.1

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,140.0 4,780.0 4,807.0 5,142.0 5,113.0 5,110.0 5,109.0 5,109.0 0.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,467.7 2,091.5 2,124.6 2,476.2 2,435.7 2,440.5 2,437.5 2,441.5 4.0

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,672.3 2,688.0 2,682.8 2,665.4 2,677.4 2,669.5 2,671.6 2,667.1 -4.5

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,038.0 13,339.0 13,503.0 14,151.0 14,169.0 14,269.0 14,291.0 14,276.0 -15.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,703.6 6,696.4 6,905.2 7,749.6 7,833.6 7,870.1 7,885.6 7,871.3 -14.3

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,334.4 6,642.3 6,598.2 6,401.6 6,335.1 6,399.3 6,405.7 6,404.3 -1.4

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.2 40.3 40.1 40.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.0 43.2 42.9 43.4

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 39.2 38.8 39.1

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.6 40.8 40.6 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.9 41.3 41.1 41.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.1 39.9 39.8 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.4 33.3 33.2 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.7 34.4 34.2 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.9 38.8 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.6 31.1 30.9 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 39.0 38.8 38.6 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.5 42.4 42.2 42.5

Information......................................................................... 36.0 36.1 35.9 35.9

Financial activities................................................................ 37.7 37.7 37.5 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.1 36.0 36.1

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.3 26.1 26.0 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 32.0 32.0 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Total private............................................... $25.14 $25.71 $25.73 $25.79 $867.33 $884.42 $882.54 $887.18

Goods-producing....................................... 26.30 26.97 27.00 27.08 1,057.26 1,086.89 1,082.70 1,088.62

Mining and logging.................................. 31.42 31.89 31.82 31.97 1,382.48 1,377.65 1,365.08 1,387.50

Construction.......................................... 27.36 28.20 28.22 28.30 1,069.78 1,105.44 1,094.94 1,106.53

Manufacturing........................................ 25.41 26.03 26.08 26.16 1,031.65 1,062.02 1,058.85 1,064.71

Durable goods.................................... 26.71 27.32 27.39 27.44 1,092.44 1,128.32 1,125.73 1,127.78

Nondurable goods................................ 23.17 23.82 23.83 23.96 929.12 950.42 948.43 956.00

Private service-providing.............................. 24.86 25.41 25.44 25.50 830.32 846.15 844.61 849.15

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.91 22.39 22.42 22.46 760.28 770.22 766.76 768.13

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.77 29.69 29.61 29.63 1,116.28 1,154.94 1,148.87 1,152.61

Retail trade........................................ 17.64 17.86 17.90 17.87 557.42 555.45 553.11 550.40

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.90 23.36 23.46 23.65 893.10 906.37 905.56 915.26

Utilities............................................. 37.26 38.38 38.28 38.23 1,583.55 1,627.31 1,615.42 1,624.78

Information........................................... 35.35 36.58 36.72 36.83 1,272.60 1,320.54 1,318.25 1,322.20

Financial activities................................... 31.70 32.43 32.45 32.48 1,195.09 1,222.61 1,216.88 1,218.00

Professional and business services.............. 30.27 30.90 30.92 30.93 1,092.75 1,115.49 1,113.12 1,116.57

Education and health services..................... 25.35 25.71 25.73 25.81 831.48 845.86 846.52 849.15

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.38 14.94 14.98 15.07 378.19 389.93 389.48 393.33

Other services....................................... 22.60 22.91 22.95 23.01 718.68 733.12 734.40 734.02

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2016 -

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2016 -

Sept.

2016p

Total private..................................... 104.1 105.6 105.4 105.8 0.4 125.1 129.7 129.6 130.5 0.7

Goods-producing............................. 89.5 90.1 89.6 89.8 0.2 106.4 109.8 109.3 109.9 0.5

Mining and logging........................ 109.2 93.0 91.8 92.9 1.2 137.8 119.1 117.3 119.2 1.6

Construction................................ 86.9 89.9 88.9 89.9 1.1 103.4 110.1 109.0 110.5 1.4

Manufacturing.............................. 89.9 90.2 89.7 89.8 0.1 106.2 109.2 108.7 109.2 0.5

Durable goods........................... 89.2 89.4 88.7 88.6 -0.1 105.8 108.4 107.9 108.0 0.1

Nondurable goods...................... 91.3 91.7 91.5 91.7 0.2 107.3 110.8 110.6 111.5 0.8

Private service-providing.................... 108.2 109.9 109.8 110.3 0.5 130.7 135.8 135.7 136.7 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.8 102.3 101.9 101.9 0.0 120.1 123.3 122.9 123.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 99.5 100.5 100.4 100.8 0.4 119.5 124.6 124.0 124.6 0.5

Retail trade.............................. 100.7 100.8 100.3 100.1 -0.2 117.4 119.0 118.7 118.2 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 108.6 108.7 108.6 108.7 0.1 126.3 128.9 129.3 130.4 0.9

Utilities.................................... 103.1 103.7 103.1 103.9 0.8 126.9 131.5 130.3 131.2 0.7

Information................................. 90.9 91.6 90.9 90.9 0.0 114.5 119.2 118.9 119.3 0.3

Financial activities......................... 100.7 102.5 102.1 102.2 0.1 124.5 129.6 129.2 129.4 0.2

Professional and business services..... 112.3 115.1 114.9 115.6 0.6 137.7 144.0 144.0 144.9 0.6

Education and health services........... 118.9 122.0 122.3 122.5 0.2 144.9 150.9 151.3 152.0 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 114.1 115.7 115.4 116.0 0.5 132.4 139.5 139.5 141.0 1.1

Other services............................. 103.2 105.0 105.2 105.1 -0.1 127.8 131.9 132.3 132.6 0.2

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Total nonfarm............................................. 70,249 71,687 71,821 71,877 49.4 49.6 49.7 49.7

Total private............................................ 57,633 58,933 59,047 59,134 47.9 48.2 48.2 48.2

Goods-producing.................................... 4,273 4,298 4,298 4,299 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 111 100 99 101 14.1 14.6 14.5 14.8

Construction....................................... 814 829 831 833 12.6 12.5 12.5 12.5

Manufacturing..................................... 3,348 3,369 3,368 3,365 27.2 27.4 27.4 27.4

Durable goods.................................. 1,801 1,800 1,800 1,798 23.2 23.4 23.5 23.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,547 1,569 1,568 1,567 33.9 34.1 34.0 34.0

Private service-providing........................... 53,360 54,635 54,749 54,835 53.0 53.2 53.3 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,909 11,145 11,160 11,179 40.4 40.8 40.8 40.8

Wholesale trade................................ 1,728.1 1,749.9 1,749.3 1,759.2 29.4 29.5 29.5 29.6

Retail trade..................................... 7,896.4 8,069.1 8,080.4 8,091.7 50.4 50.6 50.6 50.6

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,150.3 1,193.1 1,198.8 1,196.6 23.6 24.4 24.4 24.4

Utilities........................................... 134.3 132.5 131.8 131.3 23.9 23.4 23.4 23.2

Information......................................... 1,107 1,108 1,110 1,112 40.0 39.9 40.0 40.1

Financial activities................................ 4,649 4,726 4,731 4,737 57.0 56.9 56.9 56.9

Professional and business services............ 8,819 9,088 9,114 9,146 44.6 44.8 44.9 44.9

Education and health services.................. 17,076 17,514 17,561 17,566 76.9 77.1 77.1 77.0

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,861 8,067 8,083 8,090 51.7 51.9 52.0 51.9

Other services..................................... 2,939 2,987 2,990 3,005 52.2 52.5 52.4 52.6

Government............................................. 12,616 12,754 12,774 12,743 57.3 57.5 57.6 57.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Total private............................................................................... 99,129 100,721 100,774 100,919

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,090 14,120 14,088 14,092

Mining and logging.................................................................. 572 481 475 472

Construction.......................................................................... 4,864 5,019 5,013 5,030

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,654 8,620 8,600 8,590

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,338 5,278 5,260 5,252

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,316 3,342 3,340 3,338

Private service-providing.............................................................. 85,039 86,601 86,686 86,827

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,694 22,963 22,991 23,013

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,717.8 4,742.0 4,745.7 4,755.4

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,316.6 13,534.1 13,551.0 13,566.5

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,210.2 4,232.6 4,240.7 4,236.9

Utilities.............................................................................. 449.3 454.3 453.4 454.4

Information............................................................................ 2,243 2,234 2,233 2,229

Financial activities................................................................... 6,303 6,443 6,450 6,456

Professional and business services............................................... 16,231 16,585 16,577 16,657

Education and health services..................................................... 19,483 19,948 19,991 20,007

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,403 13,702 13,714 13,717

Other services........................................................................ 4,682 4,726 4,730 4,748

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.7 33.5 33.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.1 41.3 41.0 41.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.2 45.3 45.0 45.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.5 39.7 39.4 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.7 42.0 41.8 41.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.9 42.5 42.2 42.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 41.2 41.0 41.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.8 33.6 33.4 33.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 38.7 38.6 38.6

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.2 29.8 29.6 29.6

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 38.8 38.6 38.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.6 42.5 42.6

Information......................................................................... 35.5 35.7 35.7 35.7

Financial activities................................................................ 37.1 37.0 36.9 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 35.3 35.5 35.3 35.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.1 24.9 24.8 24.9

Other services..................................................................... 30.6 30.9 30.9 30.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Total private............................................... $21.12 $21.59 $21.63 $21.68 $711.74 $727.58 $724.61 $726.28

Goods-producing....................................... 21.99 22.65 22.71 22.77 903.79 935.45 931.11 935.85

Mining and logging.................................. 26.70 27.06 27.14 27.18 1,206.84 1,225.82 1,221.30 1,242.13

Construction.......................................... 24.97 26.09 26.16 26.24 986.32 1,035.77 1,030.70 1,041.73

Manufacturing........................................ 20.07 20.48 20.55 20.57 836.92 860.16 858.99 857.77

Durable goods.................................... 21.06 21.50 21.57 21.59 882.41 913.75 910.25 911.10

Nondurable goods................................ 18.45 18.83 18.90 18.92 763.83 775.80 774.90 775.72

Private service-providing.............................. 20.94 21.37 21.41 21.46 678.46 692.39 691.54 693.16

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.75 19.02 19.01 19.09 633.75 639.07 634.93 637.61

Wholesale trade.................................. 23.69 24.26 24.19 24.35 912.07 938.86 933.73 939.91

Retail trade........................................ 15.00 15.03 15.00 15.02 453.00 447.89 444.00 444.59

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.72 21.04 21.08 21.22 803.94 816.35 813.69 823.34

Utilities............................................. 34.08 35.39 35.47 35.38 1,441.58 1,507.61 1,507.48 1,507.19

Information........................................... 28.89 30.15 30.27 30.33 1,025.60 1,076.36 1,080.64 1,082.78

Financial activities................................... 25.47 26.18 26.28 26.39 944.94 968.66 969.73 973.79

Professional and business services.............. 24.97 25.51 25.57 25.61 881.44 905.61 902.62 901.47

Education and health services..................... 22.20 22.51 22.55 22.57 712.62 724.82 726.11 726.75

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.45 12.92 12.94 12.99 312.50 321.71 320.91 323.45

Other services....................................... 19.12 19.24 19.27 19.30 585.07 594.52 595.44 596.37

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2016 -

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Sept.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2016 -

Sept.

2016p

Total private..................................... 111.3 113.1 112.5 112.6 0.1 157.1 163.2 162.6 163.2 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 88.5 89.1 88.3 88.5 0.2 119.2 123.6 122.7 123.4 0.6

Mining and logging........................ 137.4 115.8 113.6 114.6 0.9 213.3 182.2 179.3 181.2 1.1

Construction................................ 96.2 99.8 98.9 100.0 1.1 129.7 140.5 139.7 141.7 1.4

Manufacturing.............................. 82.8 83.1 82.5 82.2 -0.4 108.7 111.3 110.9 110.6 -0.3

Durable goods........................... 84.0 84.3 83.4 83.3 -0.1 110.5 113.1 112.3 112.2 -0.1

Nondurable goods...................... 80.9 81.1 80.7 80.6 -0.1 105.5 108.0 107.8 107.8 0.0

Private service-providing.................... 117.3 119.5 119.2 119.4 0.2 168.5 175.1 175.1 175.8 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 106.9 107.6 107.1 107.2 0.1 143.0 145.9 145.2 145.9 0.5

Wholesale trade......................... 107.0 108.1 107.9 108.1 0.2 149.3 154.4 153.7 155.1 0.9

Retail trade.............................. 101.8 102.1 101.5 101.6 0.1 130.9 131.5 130.5 130.9 0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 123.0 123.6 123.2 123.7 0.4 161.6 165.0 164.8 166.6 1.1

Utilities.................................... 97.2 99.0 98.5 99.0 0.5 138.3 146.2 145.9 146.2 0.2

Information................................. 90.9 91.0 91.0 90.8 -0.2 130.0 135.9 136.3 136.4 0.1

Financial activities......................... 110.1 112.2 112.0 112.1 0.1 172.5 180.8 181.2 182.1 0.5

Professional and business services..... 128.4 132.0 131.1 131.4 0.2 190.8 200.3 199.6 200.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 133.3 136.9 137.2 137.3 0.1 195.4 203.4 204.2 204.6 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 123.2 125.0 124.6 125.1 0.4 174.2 183.4 183.1 184.6 0.8

Other services............................. 100.5 102.4 102.5 102.9 0.4 140.0 143.6 143.9 144.7 0.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.