ews

Historical, technical

information: (202) 523-9261

Current data: (202) 523-1221 or 1208

Media contact: (202) 523-1913

U.S. Department of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Washington. D.C. 20212

USDL 84-431

For Release 10:00 AM EDT

Monday, October 15, 1984

Centennial

of Labor

Statistics

MULTIFACTOR PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES

Private Business, Private Nonfarm Business, and Manufacturing Sectors

Annual Measures for 1983

Multifactor productivity, which measures output per unit of

combined labor and capital ~puts, increased 2.9 percent in the

private business sector in 1983, according to the latest measures

announced today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.

Department of Labor (table A). This increase, the largest since 1977,

was sl ightly more than the 2.8 percent rise in the output per hour

measure of productivity. The small difference is attributable to a

decline in the amount of capital services per hour of all persons (the

capital-labor ratio).

The following tabulation shows the annual rate of change of

multifactor productivity from 1982 to 1983 for the 3 sectors covered

by the BLS measures:

2.9 percent for private business,

3.6 percent for private nonfarm business, and

4.6 percent for manufacturing.

Details are given in tables 1-6.

Private business sector

Multifactor productivity, which also can defined as the change in

output not attributable to changes in capital services and worker

hours, increased 2.9 percent in private business in 1983 (table 4),

compared with a decrease of 1.5 percent in 198? This rise, the

largest since 1977, reflected a growth in output of 4.5 percent and an

increase in combined labor and capital inputs of 1.5 percent. The

increase in combined inputs cesu1ted from cises in both hours of all

persons (1.6 percent) and capital services (1.4 percent). The

increase in capital services was the smallest since 1948, the initial

year of the series.

output per houc oE all pecsons incceased 2.8 percent from 1982 to

1983. The diEference between the changes in the outpi,ltper hOclr dnd

multifactoc pcoductivity ceflects a 0.1 peccent decline in the

contribution of capital services per hour to output per houc (table

1\) •

Output per unit of capital secvices (capital productivity)

increased 3.1 percent for 1983. This was the first rise since 1978.
-2-

Private nonfarm business

Multifactor productivity rose 3.6 percent in the private nonfarm

bus iness sector in 1983 (table 5). Outpu t increased 5. 1 perce nt and

combined inputs increased 1.5 percent. The rise in combined inputs

was a result of increases in hours and capital services of 1.5

percent, each. This was the smallest growth in capital services in

the postwar period in private nonfarm business.

Output per hour of all persons increased 3.6 percent in private

nonfarm business in 1983. Capital services per hour did not change in

1983, and therefore did not contribute to the change in output per

hour.

Output per unit of capital services (capital productivity) also

rose 3.6 percent in 1983.

Manufacturing

In manufacturing, multifactor productivity increased 4.6 percent

from 1982 to 1983, the largest rise since 1976 when it increased 5.3

percent (table 6). The rise in multifactor productivity reflected an

increase of 5.2 percent in output and an increase in combined inputs

of 0.5 percent. The rise in combined inputs resulted from an increase

in hours of all persons of 0.9 percent and a decrease in capital

services of 0.5 percent. This is the first decrease in capital

services in manufacturing since 1948.

Output per hour grew 4.3 percent in manufacturing. The

difference between multifactor productivity and output per hour

re f lects the decrease of 0.3 percent in the contri but ion of cap i ta 1

services per hour to output per hour (table A).

Output per unit of capital services (capital productivity)

increased 5.7 percent in manufacturiny in 1983. This was the largest

increase since 1976 (when it -was 7.4 percent).

Long-term trends

Productivity measures vary from year to year in part because of

changes in the economy re la ted to the bus i ness cyc Ie. 111 ord,~t:" to ye t

an approximate measure of secu 1ar trends, long-tt:rm In,:c1SU n~s a r.,~

calculated. Previously, BLS published measur.es Eor the 1948-73 pedocJ

and for 1973-81. In this release the second period has heen extended

to include 1983. The averaye measures from 1973-83 are virtually the

same as from 1973-81.

Growth in output per hour and multifactor productivity showed two

distinct patterns between 1948-73 and 1973-83 (tabh~ 9). OutjJut P"~t:"

h0 ur i n pr i vat e bus i ness yr ew a tan avet:"aIJe t:"ate 0 f "3. 0 P'2 r c,~nt p'~t:"

year in the earlier period. This was the rljsult :)f d 2.0 pel~c'jnt

annual yrowth of rnu1tifa.ctor productivity and a loO p,~rc,~rlt annual
-3-

Table A. Productivity indexes and related measures

Percent change from 1982 to 1983

----------------- -------------.----------------.-----------

Item

Private

business 1/

Private

nonfarm

business .!/

Manufacturing

---- ------------------------.-.----------.--- ---------.-----.----

Productivity:

Output per hour of all persons •••••••

Output per unit of capital services ••

Multifactor productivity 11 .

Output ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~•••••••

Inputs:

2.8

3.1

2.9

4.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

5.1

4.3

5.7

4.6

5.2

Hours of all persons •••••••••••••••••

Capital services •••••••••••••.•••••••

Combined units of lobor and

capital input 1/ .

Capital services per hour of

all persons (capital-labor ratio) ••••

Contribution of capital services per

hour to output per hour i/ .

1.6

1.4

1.5

-0.3

-0.1

1.5 0.9

1.5 -0.5

1.5 0.5

0.0 -1.3

0.0 -0.3

------------------....,....---- ..-------.-- ---- ---.- -------_._---

11 Excludes government enterprises.

~I Output per unit of combined labor and capital input.

il Hours of all persons combined with capital service input index, weighted by

labor and capital shares.

41 Percent change in capital services per hour'weighted by capital's share of

current dollar output.
-4-

Table B. Compound annual rates of grCMth in output per hour of all

persons, the contribution of capital services per hour, and

multifactor productivity, by major sector, 1948 to 1983

Private nonfarm busi

OUtput per hour of all perso

Equals: Multifactor product

Equals: Multifactor product

1948- 1948- 1973- SlowdCMn

1983 1973 1983

(1) (2) (3) (2) - (3)

Y

ns 2.4 3.0 0.9 -2.1

tal services

per hour Y 0.9 1.0 0.7 -0.3

ivity II 1.5 2.0 0.2 -1.8

ness y

ns 2.0 2.5 0.8 -1.7

tal services

per hour 2/ 0.8 0.8 0.7 -0.1

ivity II 1.2 1.7 0.1 -1.6

ns 2.6 2.9 1.8 -1.1

tal services

per hour 2/ 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.3

ivity l! 1.8 2.2 0.8 -1.4

,

-----

_. ----------

Equals: Multifactor product

Minus: Contribut ion of capi

per hour to Oltput

OUtput per hour of all perso

Manufacturing

Minus: Contribution of capi

per hour to output

Minus: Contribution of capi

per hour to output

Output per hour of all perso

Private business

Measure

Y Excludes government enterprises.

Y Change in capital services per hour weighted by capital's share of current

dollar output.

_~ Output per unit of combined labor and capital input.

Source: Tables 1-3.
-5-

growth rate in the contribution of capital services per hour to outQut

per hour. During the following period, 1973-83, output per hour grew

at a yearly rate of only 0.9 percent: 0.2 percentage points reflected

multifactor productivity growth and 0.7 percentage points came from

increased contribution of capital services per hour.

In private nonfarm business, the growth rate of output per hour

decreased from 2.5 percent in the 1948-73 period to 0.8 percent in the

1973-83 period. This reflected a decline in multi factor productivity

growth from 1.7 percent to 0.1 percent, and a decline in the annual

growth of the contribution of capital services per hour from 0.8

percent to 0.7 percent.

The manufacturing output per hour growth rate decreased from 2.9

percent to 1.8 percent annually between the two periods, while multifactor productivity growth declined from 2.2 percent to 0.8 percent.

The annual growth rate of the contribution of capital services per

hour increased from 0.7 percent in the first period to 1.0 percent in

the 1973-83 period. Thus, the decline in multifactor productivity was

moderated by the increase in the growth of the contribution of capital

services per hour to output per hour.

The following note briefly describes the major data sources and

the procedures used in deriving BLS multifactor productivity indexes.

More detailed information in the methods, limitations, and data

sources are in BLS Bulletin 2178, Trends in Multifactor

productivity, 1948-81.
-6-

The following note briefly describes the major data sources and

the procedures used in deriving BLS multifactor productivity indexes.

More detailed information in the methods, limitations, and data

sources are in BLS Bulletin 2178, Trends in Multifactor Productivity,'

1948-81.

Summary of Methods

The multifactor productivity indexes are derived by dividing an

output index by an input index which is a weighted average of the

hours of all persons and capital services. The output indexes are

compu ted f rom measures of cons tant dollar gross domest ic product,

derived from the national income and product accounts developed by the

Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

The labor component (the hours of all persons) of input indexes

is developed from measures of employment and average hours, drawn

mainly from the BLS Current Employment Statistics program (the

"establishment" survey) and the Current Population Survey (the

"household" survey). The establishment survey provides information

about employees on nonagricultural payrolls; the household survey

about the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and those engaged in

agriculture.

The capital input series measures the services derived from the

stock of physical assets. The assets comprise fixed business

equipment, structures, inventories, and land. Structures include

nonresidential structures and residential capital which is rented out

by profitmaking firms or persons. Financial assets are excluded as

are owner occupied res ident ia 1 st ructures. The aggregate cap i tal

measures are obta i ned by we igh t i ng each ass(~t type by its respect i 'Ie

rental price.

The labor and capital components of the input indexes are

combined with weights which represent each component's share of total

output. The index uses changing weights where the share in each year

is averaged with the preceding y~ar's value.

Data are presented for the private business, private nonfarm

bus i ness, and manu f actur i ng sec tors. The pr i va te bus i ness sector,

which accounts for about RO perc(-:nt oE the gross national product,

includes all activities in the economy with the exception of general

government, government enter-pri8es, tl1e "rest-oE-world" sector, owneCoccupied housing, nonprofit institutions, and i)rivate household

employees. The private nonfarm business St:ctor also excludes ,1(Jr.iculture but includes agricultur.al services.

These multi factor productivity measures describe the relationship

between output in real t~rms and the pairi labor tilne and capital

services involveri in its proriuction. They rio nl)t Int:asun: the specific

contributions of labor, capital, or any other factor- of production.

Rather they reflect the joint eEf':lcts of many ir'lfluences, includinr]

changes in technology; level of output; utilization of ,~apacity,

energy, and materials; the onJaniz"lti.on O[ proriuction; manarJ<2r.ial

ski 1l; and the c ha r act e r i.s tic san d t~t E()r-t ()f the wor k f ()r c~~.
-7-

Table 1. Privat.. ~iness sectorl productivity and related rreasures, 1948-83 y

Pl:OOuctivity Inputs

---

Year (),Itput per Ot.itJ;Altper Multifactor output Hoors of Capital Canbined units Capital

haJl:' of iilll. unit of productivity all persons services of labor and services

person'" capitiill y 11 11 Y capital inputs y per hour

Indexes 1977=100

1948 45.3 99,0 60.0 36.8 81.3 37.2 61.3 45.7

1949 46,0 93.5 59.3 36.1 78.5 38.6 60.8 49.2

1950 49,7 98.6 63.6 39.5 79.4 40.1 62.1 50.4

1951 51.2 100,1 65.1 41.8 81.8 41.8 64.3 51.1

1952 52.9 99.3 66.3 43.2 81.7 43.5 65.2 53.3

1953 54.7 100.6 68.0 45.1 82.6 44.9 66.4 54.3

1954 55.6 96.:2 67.8 44.3 79.8 46.1 65.5 57.8

1955 57.9 100.9 70.7 47.9 82.8 47.5 67.8 57.4

1956 58.5 100,0 71.0 49.2 84.1 49.2 69.3 58.5

1957 60.0 97.9 71.6 49.7 82.8 50.7 69.4 61.3

1958 61.9 94.3 72.1 48.9 79.0 51.9 67.8 65.6

1959 63.9 99.3 75.0 52.5 82.1 52.9 70.0 64.4

1960 64.8 98.5 75.4 53.3 82.2 54.1 70.7 65.8

1961 61.0 98.0 76.9 54.2 80.9 55.3 70.5 68.4

1962 69.6 101,2 79.7 57.2 82.2 56.6 71.8 68.8

1963 72.3 102.6 82.0 59.7 82.6 58.2 72.8 70.4

1964 75.4 105,2 85.0 63.3 84.0 60.2 74.5 71.6

1965 78.1 107.8 87.6 67.6 86.6 62.7 77.2 72.4

1966 80.5 108,0 89.3 71.3 88.7 66.0 79.9 74.5

1967 8:2.3 104,9 89.6 72.9 88.6 69.5 81.4 78.5

1968 85.1 lOS,S 91.7 76.7 90.1 72.7 83.6 80.7

1969 85.3 103,7 91.3 78.9 92.5 76.1 86.5 82.3

1970 86.1 98.5 90.2 78.3 90.8 79.4 86.7 87.4

1971 89.3 98,1 92.2 80.6 90.3 82.2 87.5 91.0

1972 92.4 101.Q 95.2 86.0 93.1 85.2 90.3 91.5

1973 94.8 103.0 97.5 91.8 96.8 89.1 94.1 92.0

1974 92.5 96.5 93.8 89.9 97.2 93.1 95.8 95.9

1975 94,S 9~.0 93.6 88.0 93.1 95.7 94.0 102.8

1976 97.6 96.1 97.1 93.7 95.9 97.5 96.5 101.6

1977 100,0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1978 100.5 101.8 101.0 105.5 105.0 103.6 104.5 98.7

1979 99.3 100.3 99.7 107.9 108.6 107.5 108.2 98.9

1980 98.7 95.6 97.6 106.4 107.8 111.4 109.0 103.3

1981 100.6 94.1 98.3 109.2 108.5 116.0 111.0 106.9

1982 100.8 89.6 96.8 106.3 105.4 118.7 109.8 112.6

1983 103.7 9:2.3 99.6 111.1 107.2 120.3 111.5 112.3

---•..--~- --

See footnotes foll-Offing table 6.
-8-

Table 2. Private nonfarm business sector: productivity and related measures, 1948-83 y

'",,'dOivi'y ~

Inputs

au",",';, Ou","'"'l'lC"='''': Mpu'

--.----

Year Hours of Capital Canbined units Capital

hour of all unit of productivity all persons services of labor and services

persons capital Y Y !I '# capital inputs 31 per hour

----- -----

Indexes 1977=100

1948 51.2 97.9 64.6 35.6 69.6 36.4 55.2 52.3

1949 52.3 92.7 64.2 34.9 66.8 37.7 54.4 56.4

1950 55.6 98.2 68.1 38.3 69.0 39.0 56.2 56.6

1951 56.6 100.4 69.5 40.8 72.1 40.7 58.8 56.4

1952 58.0 99.6 70.4 42.2 72.8 42.4 60.0 58.2

1953 59.0 100.8 71.5 44.1 74.7 43.7 61.7 58.5

1954 59.9 96.1 71.0 43.2 72.1 44.9 60.8 62.3

1955 62.3 100.9 74.1 46.8 75.1 46.4 63.2 61.8

1956 62.5 100.0 74.0 48.1 77.0 48.1 65.1 62.5

1957 63.6 98.0 74.3 48.7 76.6 49.7 65.6 64.9

1958 65.2 94.0 74.3 47.8 73.3 50.8 64.3 69.3

1959 67.4 99.5 77.5 51.6 76.6 51.9 66.6 67.8

1960 68.0 98.4 77.6 52.3 77.0 53.2 67.4 69.1

1961 70.0 98.0 78.9 53.3 76.1 54.4 67.5 71.5

1962 72.5 101.3 81.7 56.4 77.8 55.7 69.0 71.6

1963 74.9 102.7 83.8 58.9 78.6 57.4 70.3 73.0

1964 77.9 105.6 86.7 62.7 80.5 59.4 72.2 73.8

1965 80.3 108.2 89.2 67.0 83.5 62.0 75.1 74.2

1966 82.2 108.7 90.7 71.0 86.3 65.3 78.2 75.7

1967 83.8 105.3 90.7 72.5 86.5 68.9 79.9 79.6

1968 86.7 106.0 92.9 76.4 88.2 72.1 82.3 81.8

1969 86.4 104.1 92.1 78.7 91.0 75.6 85.4 83.0

1970 86.8 98.6 90.7 77.8 89.7 78.9 85.9 88.0

1971 89.7 98.0 92.4 80.1 89.3 81.8 86.7 91.6

1972 93.0 101.1 95.7 85.8 92.2 84.8 89.6 92.0

1973 95.3 103.2 97.9 91.7 96.2 88.8 93.6 92.4

1974 92.9 96.5 94.1 89.7 96.5 93.0 95.3 96.3

1975 94.8 91.7 93.6 87.6 92.4 95.6 93.5 103.4

1976 97.8 96.1 97.2 93.6 95.7 97.4 96.3 101.8

1977 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1978 100.6 101.9 101.0 105.7 105.1 103.7 104.6 98.7

1979 99.0 100.1 99.4 108.0 109.1 107.9 108.7 98.9

1980 98.2 95.2 97.2 106.4 108.4 111.7 109.5 103.1

1981 99.6 93.2 97.4 108.7 109.1 116.6 111.6 106.8

1982 99.9 88.7 95.9 105.9 106.0 119.4 110.4 112.6

1983 103.5 91.9 99.3 111.3 107.6 121.2 112.0 112.6

---.-

See footnotes following tah1e 6.
-9-

Table 3. Manufacturing sector: productivity and related reasures, 1948-83 y

--Y-ea-rr-tP-ut-pe-:P:~:::i::y -M-U-1:i~:ctorfutPuttHours of capi:::

U

l

ts

c~;;~ uni::-i- C~ital--

hour of all unit of productivity all persons services of labor and services

____ persons capital, ~ i_l -_./ ~/ "",-'-'-"'-_~"""ts Y per ''''''_

Indexes 1977=100

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

45.1

46.9

49.4

51.1

52.1

52.9

53.8

56.4

56.0

57.2

56.9

59.6

60.0

61.6

64.3

68.9

72.3

74.6

75.4

75.3

78.0

79.3

79.2

84.0

88.2

93.0

90.8

93.4

97.6

100.0

100.9

101.6

101.7

104.9

107.1

111.6

93.9

85.6

94.5

99.2

95.5

98.4

89.0

95.6

92.4

89.5

80.4

89.1

88.0

86.9

92.9

98.3

102.3

107.3

108.6

101.1

101.1

100.5

91.8

92.3

99.8

108.2

99.6

89.4

96.1

100.0

101.5

99.5

90.7

89.9

82.9

87.6

56.1

55.9

59.9

62.2

62.2

63.5

62.3

65.8

64.8

65.1

62.8

67.0

67.0

68.0

71.5

76.3

79.8

82.8

83.7

81.8

83.8

84.6

82.3

86.0

91.1

96.8

93.1

92.2

97.1

100.0

101.1

101.0

98.8

100.8

100.3

104.9

35.8

33.9

38.6

43.0

44.5

47.5

44.1

48.9

49.2

49.5

45.2

50.5

50.7

50.7

55.1

59.6

63.9

69.8

75.1

75.0

79.1

81. 7

77.0

78.7

86.2

95.9

91.9

85.4

93.6

100.0

105.3

108.2

103.5

106.1

99.3

104.4

79.4

72.4

78.2

84.2

85.4

89.8

82.1

86.6

87.9

86.5

79.4

84.6

84.4

82.3

85.6

86.5

88.4

93.6

99.7

99.5

101.4

103.0

97.3

93.7

97.8

103.1

101.2

91.4

95.9

100.0

104.4

106.5

101.7

101.1

92.7

93.5

38.1

39.6

40.9

43.4

46.6

48.3

49.6

51.1

53.3

55.3

56.2

56.7

57.5

58.3

59.2

60.7

62.4

65.1

69.2

74.2

78.2

81.3

83.9

85.2

86.4

88.6

92.2

95.5

97.4

100.0

lC)3.8

108.8

114.1

118.0

119.8

119.2

63.8

60.7

64.5

69.2

71.5

74.8

70.8

74.2

76.0

76.0

71.9

75.4

75.6

74.5

77.0

78.1

80.0

84.3

89.7

91. 7

94.4

96.6

93.5

91.5

94.6

99.0

98.7

92.6

96.3

100.0

104.2

107.1

104.8

105.2

99.0

99.5

48.0

54.8

52.3

51.6

54.5

53.8

60.4

59.0

60.6

63.9

70.8

67.0

68.2

70.9

69.2

70.2

70.6

69.5

69.4

74.5

77.1

78.9

86.2

90.9

88.4

85.9

91.1

104.5

101.6

100.0

99.4

102.1

112.2

116.7

129.2

127 .5

see footnotes following table 6.
-IeTable 4. Private business sector: productivity and related rreasures, 1948-83 y

-::=-:tput pe~]r O::~~C~V1:i~MUl:. :tact=-:utput tOO~-~-I~~::'"~l-C~i;; U~i~sj Capital

hour of all unit Ot productivity all persons services of labor and services

persons capital Y 11 Y .21 capital inputs £iI per hour

---- ---.--.- - -- ---- ---------- ----------

Percent change

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1.6

8.2

2.9

3.4

3.3

1.7

4.1

1.1

2.6

3.1

3.3

1.5

3.4

3.9

3.8

4.3

3.6

3.1

2.3

3.4

0.2

0.9

3.6

3.5

2.6

-2.4

2.2

3.3

2.4

0.5

-1.2

-0.6

1.9

0.3

2.8

-5.6

5.5

1.5

-0.8

1.3

-4.4

4.8

-0.9

-2.0

-3.7

5.3

-0.8

-0.5

3.2

1.4

2.5

2.4

0.2

-2.9

0.6

-1.7

-5.0

-0.5

3.0

2.0

-6.3

-4.7

4.5

4.0

1.8

-1.4

-4.8

-1.5

-4.8

3.1

-1.1

7.2

2.4

1.8

2.6

-0.4

4.4

0.3

0.9

0.7

4.0

0.6

1.9

3.6

2.9

3.6

3.1

1.9

0.3

2.4

-0.5

-1.2

2.2

3.3

2.4

-3.8

-0.2

3.7

3.0

1.0

-1.3

-2.0

0.7

-1.5

2.9

-1.9

9.4

5.9

3.3

4.4

-1.8

8.1

2.6

1.0

-1.6

7.3

1.6

1.7

5.6

4.4

6.0

6.8

5.5

2.2

5.2

2.9

-0.8

3.0

6.7

6.6

-2.1

-2.1

6.5

6.7

5.5

2.2

-1.3

2.6

-2.6

4.5

-3.4

1.2

2.9

0.0

1.1

-3.4

3.8

1.5

-1.5

-4.6

3.9

0.1

-1.6

1.6

0.6

1.6

3.1

2.4

-0.1

1.7

2.7

-1.7

-0.6

3.1

4.0

0.4

-4.2

3.1

4.2

5.0

3.5

-0.8

0.7

-2.9

1.6

3.9

3.7

4.3

4.1

3.1

2.7

3.1

3.6

3.1

2.2

1.9

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.9

3.4

4.3

5.3

5.3

4.6

4.7

4.3

3.5

3.6

4.6

4.6

2.7

1.9

2.6

3.6

3.7

3.6

4.2

2.3

1.4

-0.8

2.1

3.5

1.5

1.8

-1.4

3.6

2.3

0.1

-2.3

3.2

0.9

-0.3

1.9

1.4

2.3

3.6

3.5

1.9

2.7

3.4

0.3

0.8

3.3

4.2

1.8

-1.9

2.6

3.6

4.5

3.6

0.7

1.9

-1.1

1.5

7.6

2.5

1.4

4.2

2.0

6.3

-0.7

2.0

4.7

7.1

-1.9

2.3

3.8

0.6

2.4

1.7

1.1

2.8

5.4

2.9

2.0

6.2

4.1

0.5

D.6

4.2

7.3

-1.2

-1.6

-1.3

0.2

4.4

3.5

5.3

-0.3

See footnotes followingtable 6.
-u-

~le 5. ~ivate nonl!.um busil'lSSlisector: productivity am related rtIlasures, 194&-83 y

nputs

_I"~ ff I

"'tout •••• IlUWf__ "'tout ~'-=t Year OI.Itputpe~ Havre at Capital

hclul:'of i!Il1 unit of pl:'Oduet:ivity . all peJ:'8Oll8 slil!:'Vices

per:'SCll'llJ capital Y Y 11 Y

Cat1bineclunits

of labor and

capital inputs §/

Capital

Slil!:'Vices

per In.Ir

Percent change

1949 2,2 ~5.4 -0.6 -1.9 -4.0 3.6 -1.3 8.0

1950 6.3 6.0 6.2 9.7 3.2 3.5 3.3 0.3

1951 1.9 2.2 2.0 6.6 4.6 4.2 4.5 -0.4

1952 2.5 ..0.8 1.3 3.4 0.9 4.2 2.1 3.3

1953 1.7 1.2 1.5 4.4 2.6 3.2 2.8 0.5

1954 1.5 -4.7 -0.6 -2.0 -3.5 2.8 -1.4 6.5

1955 4.0 5.0 4.4 8.4 4.2 3.2 3.8 -0.9

1956 0.3 ...0.8 ...0.1 2.8 2.5 3.7 3.0 1.1

1957 1.8 -2.0 0.4 1.2 -0.6 3.3 0.8 3.8

1958 2.4 -4.1 0.0 -1.9 -4.3 2.3 -2.0 6.8

1959 3.5 5.9 4.3 8.0 4.4 2.0 3.5 -2.3

1960 0.8 -1.1 0.1 1.4 0.6 2.5 1.3 1.9

1961 3.0 ...0.5 1.7 1.8 -1.2 2.3 0.1 3.5

1962 3.6 3.4 3.5 5.9 2.2 2.4 2.3 0.2

1963 3.3 1.4 2.5 4.4 1.1 3.0 1.8 1.9

1964 3.9 2.8 3.5 6.4 2.4 3.5 2.8 1.1

1965 3.1 2.5 2.9 7.0 3.7 4.4 4.0 0.7

1966 2.4 0.5 1.7 5.9 3.4 5.4 4.2 1.9

1967 1.9 -3.1 0.0 2.1 0.2 5.4 2.1 5.2

1968 3.4 0.7 2.4 5.4 2.0 4.7 3.0 2.7

1969 -0.3 .•.1.8 .•.0.8 2.9 3.2 4.8 3.8 1.5

1970 0.4 ••.5.3 -1.6 -1.1 -1.5 4.5 0.5 6.0

1971 3.4 ...0.6 2.0 2.9 -0.4 3.6 0.9 4.0

1972 3.7 3.2 3,5 7.0 3.2 3.7 3.4 0.5

1973 2.5 2.1 2.3 6.9 4.3 4.7 4.5 0.4

1974 -2.5 .•.6.5 -3.9 -2.2 0.4 4.7 1.8 4.3

1975 2.0 "'5.0 -0.5 .•.2.4 -4.3 2.8 -1.9 7.4

1976 3.2 4.9 3.8 6.9 3.5 1.9 3.0 -1.6

1977 2.2 4,0 2.9 6.8 4.5 2.7 3.8 -1.8

1918 0.6 1.9 1.0 5.7 5.1 3.7 4.6 -1.3

1979 .•.1.6 -1.8 -1.7 2.2 3.8 4.0 3.9 0.2

1980 ...0.8 004.8 .•.2.2 -1.5 ...0.7 3.5 0.7 4.2

1981 1.5 -2.1 0.2 2.2 0.7 4.3 1.9 3.6

19112 0.3 .•.4.9 ••.1.5 -2.6 -2.9 2.4 -1.1 5.4

1983 3.6 3.6 3.6 5.1 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.0

, ....,... ---~~~~-"I"-~-----.--------..,..--. -----

See fQOtnotea fol1owi~ tab1. 6.
-12-

Table 6. Manufacturing sectClr: prnductivity am related neasures, 1948-83 }j

PrClductivity Inputs

Year OUtput per Output per MultifactClr Output H:'>ursClf Capital <rm:>ined units Capital

hc>ur Clf all unit Clf prClductivity all perSClns services Clf lamr am services

persClns capital y y i/ ~ capital inputs 2./ permur

Percent change

1949 4.0 -8.9 -0.4 -5.2 -8.9 4.0 -4.9 14.1

1950 5.4 10.4 7.1 13.9 8.0 3.1 6.3 -4.5

1951 3.4 4.9 3.9 11.4 7.7 6.1 7.2 -1.4

1952 1.8 -3.7 0.0 3.3 1.4 7.3 3.3 5.8

1953 1.7 3.1 2.1 6.9 5.1 3.7 4.7 -1.4

1954 1.6 -9.6 -2.0 -7.2 -8.6 2.7 -5.3 12.3

1955 5.0 7.5 5.8 10.8 5.5 3.1 4.7 -2.3

1956 -0.7 -3.4 -1.6 0.7 1.5 4.3 2.4 2,7

1957 2.1 -3.2 0.4 . 0.5 -1.5 3.8 0.1 5.4

1958 -0.4 -10.2 -3.4 -8.6 -8.2 1.8 -5.3 10.9

1959 4.8 10.8 6.6 11.7 6.6 0.8 4.8 -5.5

1960 0.7 -1.2 0.1 0.3 -0.3 1.5 0.3 1.8

1961 2.7 -1.2 1.5 0.1 -2.5 1.4 -1.4 4.0

1962 4.3 6.9 5.1 8.6 4.1 1.6 3.3 -2.4

19q3 7.2 5.7 6.7 8.3 1.0 2.4 1.5 1.4

1964 4.8 4.2 4.6 7.1 2.2 2.9 2.4 0.6

1965 3.1 4.8 3.7 9.2 5.9 4.2 5.3 -1.6

1966 1.1 1.3 1.2 7.7 6.5 6.3 6.5 -0.2

1967 0.0 -7.0 -2.3 -0.2 -0.2 7.3 2.1 7.5

1968 3.5 0.0 2.4 5.5 1.9 5.4 3.0 3.5

1969 1.7 -0.5 1.0 3.4 1.6 3.9 2.3 2.3

1970 -0.2 -8.7 -2.7 -5.8 -5.6 3.2 -3.2 9.3

1971 6.1 0.6 4.5 2.2 -3.7 1.6 -2.2 5.5

1972 5.0 8.1 6.0 9.6 4.3 1.4 3.4 -2.8

1973 5.4 8.4 6.3 11.2 5.5 2.6 4.6 -2.8

1974 -2.4 -7.9 -3.9 -4.2 -1.9 4.1 -0.3 6.1

1975 2.9 -10.3 -0.9 -7.1 -9.7 3.5 -6.2 14.6

1976 4.5 7.4 5.3 9.61 4.9 2.0 4.1 -2.8

1977 2.5 4.1 2.9 6.9 4.3 2.7 3.B -1.6

1978 0.9 1.5 1.1 5.3 4.4 3.8 4.2 -0.6

1979 0.7 -2.0 -0.1 2.7 2.1 4.8 2.8 2.7

1980 0.2 -8.8 -2.2 -4.4 -4.5 4.9 -2.2 9.9

1981 3.1 -0.9 2.1 2.5 -0.6 3.4 0.4 4.1

19B2 2.1 -7.8 -0.5 -6.4 -8.3 1.5 -5.9 10.7

1983 4.3 5.7 4.6 5.2 0.9 -0.5 0.5 -1.3

See fClCltl1CltesfClllc-wing table 6.
-13-

Footnotes, Tables 1-6

SOURCE: Output data from Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), U.S.

Department of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Compensation and hours data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.s.

Department of Labor, and BEA. Capital measures are based on data

supplied by BEA and U.S. Department of Agriculture.

(1) The private business sector includes all of Gross National Product

except the rest-of-world sector, the rental value of owneroccupied real estate, the output arising in nonprofit organizations, the output of paid employees of private househod, government, and the statistical discrepancy in preparing the national

income accounts. The private nonfarm business sector also

excludes farms, but includes agricultural services.

(2) Output per unit of combined labor and capital inputs.

(3) Gross Domestic Product originating in the sector, in constant

dollars.

(4) Paid hours of all employees, plus the hours of proprietors and

unpaid family workers engaged in the sector.

(5) A measure of the flow of capital services used in the sector.

(6) Hours of all persons combined with capital input, using labor and

capital shares of output as weights.