Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 17-0140 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Thursday, February 2, 2017 

Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • dprweb@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lpc

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

( NOTE: This release was reissued February 8, 2017 to correct 2015 annual average data for the 

nonfinancial corporate sector as shown in table 6 and appendix table 1. These measures reflect corrected 

source data on output reissued by the Bureau of Economic Analysis on February 6, 2017.) 

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS

Fourth Quarter and Annual Averages 2016, Preliminary

Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased at a 1.3-percent annual rate during the fourth

quarter of 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, as output increased 2.2 percent and 

hours worked increased 0.9 percent. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally 

adjusted annual rates.) From the fourth quarter of 2015 to the fourth quarter of 2016, productivity 

increased 1.0 percent, reflecting increases in output and hours worked of 2.2 percent and 1.1 percent, 

respectively. (See chart 1 and table A1.) Annual average productivity increased 0.2 percent from 2015 to 

2016. (See table C1.) 

Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of 

hours worked of all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. 

Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector increased 1.7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2016, 

reflecting a 3.0-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 1.3-percent increase in productivity. Unit 

labor costs increased 1.9 percent over the last four quarters. (See chart 2 and tables A1 and 2.) 

BLS calculates unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity. Increases in 

hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor costs, and increases in output per hour tend to reduce 

them.

Chart 1. Labor productivity, nonfarm business, all persons, 

2012Q1 – 2016Q4

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

From previous quarter, annual rate

From same quarter a year ago

Percent change Percent change

Chart 2. Unit labor costs, nonfarm business, all persons, 

2012Q1 – 2016Q4

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

From previous quarter, annual rate

From same quarter a year ago
-2- 

Manufacturing sector labor productivity increased 0.7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2016, as output 

increased 0.8 percent and hours worked were unchanged. Output per hour increased 0.1 percent in the 

durable goods manufacturing sector and 1.8 percent in the nondurable goods sector. Over the last four

quarters, manufacturing sector productivity increased 0.4 percent, output increased 0.2 percent, and 

hours worked decreased 0.2 percent. (See tables A1, 3, 4, and 5.) Unit labor costs in manufacturing

increased 3.3 percent in the fourth quarter of 2016 and rose 2.2 percent from the same quarter a year 

ago. Hourly compensation increased 4.1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2016. 

The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series differ from those used in 

the business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not directly comparable. See 

the Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation. (See page 6.) 

Annual averages

Table C1 presents annual average changes for the most recent 5 years for the nonfarm business sector 

and the total manufacturing sector. Nonfarm business sector productivity grew 0.2 percent in 2016, as 

output and hours increased 1.7 percent and 1.5 percent, respectively. The increase in hours was the 

smallest since a 0.1-percent decrease in 2010. Productivity has increased at an annual rate of less than 

1.0 percent in each of the last 6 years. The average annual rate of nonfarm business sector productivity 

growth from 2007 to 2016—corresponding to the current business cycle—is 1.1 percent, well below the 

long-term rate from 1947 to 2016 of 2.1 percent.

Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector rose 2.6 percent in 2016, reflecting increases of 2.8 

percent in hourly compensation and 0.2 percent in productivity. The increase in unit labor costs is the 

largest since 2007, when unit labor costs rose 2.7 percent. Real hourly compensation, which takes into 

account changes in consumer prices, increased 1.5 percent in 2016. 

In the manufacturing sector, productivity increased 0.6 percent in 2016, as output increased 0.2 percent 

and hours worked decreased 0.4 percent. The decrease in the annual hours series was the first since a 

12.9-percent annual decrease in 2009. Manufacturing sector productivity has increased at an annual rate 

of less than 1.0 percent in each of the last 4 years. The average annual rate of manufacturing 

productivity growth from 2007 to 2016 is 1.7 percent, which is below the long-term rate from 1987 to 

2016 of 3.2 percent. Unit labor costs increased 2.6 percent in 2016. 

Revised measures 

Revised and previously published measures for the third quarter of 2016 are shown in tables A2 and B1 

and cover the following major sectors: nonfarm business, business, manufacturing, and nonfinancial 

corporations. 

In the third quarter of 2016, nonfarm business productivity was revised up 0.4 percentage point, to an 

increase of 3.5 percent. (See table B1.) Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector increased 0.2 

percent in the third quarter—rather than 0.7 percent as previously reported. 

In the manufacturing sector, productivity was revised down 0.4 percentage point to show no change in 

the third quarter of 2016. Manufacturing unit labor costs increased 3.3 percent, the same rate as 

previously reported.

In the nonfinancial corporate sector, productivity was revised down 0.6 percentage point in the third 

quarter of 2016, to an increase of 6.5 percent. This downward revision to productivity is due primarily to 

a 0.5-percentage point downward revision to output. (See table A2.) This release incorporates revised 

historical source data on output in nonfinancial corporations, published December 22, 2016 by the 
-3- 

Bureau of Economic Analysis. This led to revisions back to 1947 for all quarterly and annual outputrelated measures including productivity and unit labor costs. The average annual rate of productivity 

growth from 2007 to 2015 in the nonfinancial corporate sector was revised down from 1.3 percent to 0.9 

percent. The long-term rate for average annual productivity growth from 1947 to 2015 was revised down 

0.1 percentage point to 2.2 percent. 

Quarterly and annual data for all sectors from 2014 to 2016 appear in tables 1-6. Historical annual 

indexes for the nonfinancial corporate sector can be found in appendix table 1. Full historical measures

can be found on the Productivity and Costs home page: 

www.bls.gov/lpc/#data. 

______________ 

Methodology change for hours worked

Beginning with the Productivity and Costs news release scheduled for March 8, 2017, an 

improvement in the methodology for estimating hours worked will be implemented. As a result, hours 

worked and related measures, including labor productivity, will be subject to revision for all sectors 

from 1989 forward. For more information see: www.bls.gov/lpc/hwhpnew.htm.

The revised Productivity and Costs news release for fourth-quarter 2016 is scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, March 8, 2017 at 8:30 a.m. (EST).

Calendar year 2017 release dates for Productivity and Costs news releases are now available at 

www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/prod2.htm.
-4- 

Table A1. Labor productivity growth and related measures – preliminary fourth-quarter 2016

(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)

Sector Percent change from:

Labor 

productivity Output

Hours 

worked

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs

Nonfarm Business Previous quarter 1.3 2.2 0.9 3.0 -0.4 1.7

A year ago 1.0 2.2 1.1 2.9 1.1 1.9

Business Previous quarter 2.0 2.2 0.2 3.9 0.4 1.8

A year ago 1.2 2.2 1.0 3.1 1.2 1.8

Manufacturing Previous quarter 0.7 0.8 0.0 4.1 0.6 3.3

A year ago 0.4 0.2 -0.2 2.6 0.7 2.2

 Durable

 Manufacturing

Previous quarter 0.1 0.7 0.7 3.9 0.4 3.8

A year ago 1.1 0.8 -0.2 2.7 0.9 1.6

 Nondurable

 Manufacturing

Previous quarter 1.8 0.8 -1.0 4.3 0.8 2.4

A year ago -0.4 -0.5 -0.1 2.3 0.5 2.8

Table A2. Labor productivity growth and related measures – revised and previously published third-quarter 2016

(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)

Sector

Labor 

productivity Output

Hours 

worked

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs

Nonfinancial

Corporations

Revised 6.5 7.8 1.2 4.1 2.4 -2.2

Previously published 7.1 8.3 1.1 4.3 2.6 -2.7

Table B1. Labor productivity growth and related measures – revised and previously published third-quarter 2016

(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)

Sector

 Labor 

productivity Output

Hours 

worked

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs

Nonfarm Business Revised 3.5 4.2 0.6 3.7 2.1 0.2

Previously published 3.1 3.6 0.5 3.8 2.2 0.7

Business Revised 3.9 4.3 0.4 4.0 2.3 0.0

Previously published 3.5 3.9 0.3 4.1 2.4 0.6

Manufacturing Revised 0.0 0.6 0.5 3.4 1.7 3.3

Previously published 0.4 0.6 0.3 3.7 2.0 3.3

 Durable

 Manufacturing

Revised 2.1 2.2 0.1 3.8 2.1 1.7

Previously published 3.0 2.7 -0.3 4.2 2.5 1.2

 Nondurable

 Manufacturing

Revised -2.7 -1.5 1.3 2.6 1.0 5.5

Previously published -3.0 -1.9 1.1 2.8 1.2 6.0
-5- 

Table C1. Labor productivity growth and related measures – annual average changes: 2012-2016

Sector Year

Labor 

productivity Output

Hours 

worked

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs

Nonfarm Business 2016 0.2 1.7 1.5 2.8 1.5 2.6

2015 0.9 3.1 2.1 2.9 2.8 2.0

2014 0.8 3.0 2.2 2.8 1.1 2.0

2013 0.3 2.0 1.7 1.2 -0.3 0.9

2012 0.9 3.1 2.2 2.7 0.6 1.7

Manufacturing 2016 0.6 0.2 -0.4 3.3 2.0 2.6

2015 0.3 1.2 0.8 2.5 2.4 2.2

2014 0.1 1.7 1.6 2.8 1.1 2.7

2013 0.2 1.0 0.8 0.2 -1.2 0.0

2012 1.7 4.1 2.3 1.7 -0.3 0.0
-6- 

TECHNICAL NOTES

Labor Hours 

Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours worked for all persons working in the 

sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source of 

hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which provides 

monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments, 

counting a person who is employed by two or more establishments at each place of employment. The CES 

also provides average weekly paid hours of production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. 

Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS) 

for 2001 forward and data from the BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, for earlier years. 

The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average weekly hours at work for nonproduction and 

supervisory workers using information from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS. 

Data from the CPS are used to estimate hours worked for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and nonfarm 

unpaid family workers. Using CPS information on employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all 

other jobs, separately, the BLS productivity measures assign all hours worked to the correct industrial sector. 

Hours for government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and Product 

Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce.

Output

Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from gross 

domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private 

households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in labor inputs. 

Business output accounted for about 76 percent of the value of GDP in 2015. Nonfarm business, which 

excludes farming, accounted for about 75 percent of GDP in 2015. 

Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are constructed by 

deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators 

from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program and other sources. 

The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. 

Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the indexes of industrial production prepared monthly 

by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent with annual indexes of 

manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. 

Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of the costs 

incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the following outputs from 

GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated business; and those 

corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices 

in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for about 50 percent of the value of 

GDP in 2015. 

Labor Productivity

The measure describes the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its production. 

Measures of labor productivity growth show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and 

services produced per hour worked. They reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in 

technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the 

organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force. 
-7- 

Labor Compensation 

The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit 

plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures of hourly 

compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee compensation data from the NIPA, 

prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general government, nonprofit institutions and 

private households are subtracted from compensation of employees in domestic industries to derive 

employee compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly 

identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that proprietors have the same hourly 

compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not 

contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers. 

Unit Labor Costs 

These measures describe the relationship between compensation per hour and labor productivity, or real 

output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly 

compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation increases and lower 

unit labor costs. 

Presentation of the data

The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent changes from the previous quarter 

presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of the previous 

year, and as index number series where 2009=100. Annual data are presented both as index number series 

and percent changes from the previous year. 

The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are rounded to 

one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index 

numbers to three decimal places. A complete historical series of these index numbers are available at the 

BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity 

(Telephone 202-691-5606 or email dprweb@bls.gov). 

For a more detailed explanation of methodology see "Technical Information About the Major Sector 

Productivity and Costs Methods" at www.bls.gov/lpc/lpcmethods.pdf. 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service number: 1-800-877-8339. 
-8- 

Table 1. Business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted.

 Real

 Hourly hourly Unit Implicit

Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price

and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator

quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2016 ANNUAL 0.3 1.8 1.5 2.7 1.5 2.5 -1.0 1.0 

2016 IV 2.0 2.2 0.2 3.9 0.4 1.8 2.0 1.9 

 III 3.9 r 4.3 r 0.4 r 4.0 r 2.3 r 0.0 r 1.9 r 0.8 

 II -0.4 1.6 2.0 5.6 3.0 6.0 -3.0 2.1 

 I -0.7 0.8 1.5 -1.1 -0.7 -0.4 1.4 0.4 

2015 ANNUAL 0.8 3.1 2.3 2.8 2.7 2.0 -1.0 0.7 

2015 IV -2.5 0.8 3.4 2.9 2.1 5.5 -6.7 0.1 

 III 2.3 2.1 -0.2 2.9 1.6 0.6 1.3 0.9 

 II 1.5 3.0 1.6 5.1 2.6 3.6 0.0 2.1 

 I 0.7 2.3 1.6 1.6 4.6 0.9 -2.1 -0.4 

2014 ANNUAL 0.6 3.0 2.3 2.6 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.6 

2014 IV -1.8 2.8 4.7 3.3 3.6 5.1 -6.5 -0.1 

 III 3.4 6.4 2.9 3.2 2.3 -0.2 3.3 1.3 

 II 1.8 5.0 3.1 -1.8 -3.8 -3.6 10.4 2.3 

 I -3.6 -2.0 1.6 6.5 4.1 10.4 -8.9 1.5 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2016 ANNUAL 0.3 1.8 1.5 2.7 1.5 2.5 -1.0 1.0 

2016 IV 1.2 2.2 1.0 3.1 1.2 1.8 0.6 1.3 

 III 0.1 r 1.9 r 1.8 2.8 r 1.7 2.8 r -1.7 r 0.9 

 II -0.3 1.3 1.7 2.6 1.5 2.9 -1.8 0.9 

 I 0.1 1.7 1.6 2.5 1.4 2.3 -1.1 0.9 

2015 ANNUAL 0.8 3.1 2.3 2.8 2.7 2.0 -1.0 0.7 

2015 IV 0.5 2.1 1.6 3.1 2.7 2.6 -1.9 0.7 

 III 0.7 2.6 1.9 3.2 3.1 2.5 -1.8 0.6 

 II 0.9 3.6 2.7 3.3 3.3 2.3 -1.4 0.7 

 I 1.0 4.1 3.1 1.5 1.6 0.5 1.1 0.8 

2014 ANNUAL 0.6 3.0 2.3 2.6 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.6 

2014 IV -0.1 3.0 3.1 2.7 1.5 2.8 -0.7 1.3 

 III 1.3 3.6 2.3 2.4 0.6 1.0 2.6 1.7 

 II 0.9 3.1 2.2 1.8 -0.3 0.9 3.1 1.8 

 I 0.4 2.1 1.7 3.7 2.2 3.3 -1.0 1.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2016 ANNUAL 106.5 119.7 112.4 117.4 104.9 110.2 110.6 110.4 

2016 IV 107.4 121.0 112.6 119.2 105.5 110.9 111.1 111.0 

 III 106.9 r 120.3 r 112.6 r 118.1 r 105.4 r 110.5 r 110.5 r 110.5 r

 II 105.9 119.1 112.5 116.9 104.8 110.4 110.0 110.3 

 I 106.0 118.6 111.9 115.3 104.0 108.8 110.9 109.7 

2015 ANNUAL 106.2 117.6 110.7 114.3 103.4 107.5 111.7 109.3 

2015 IV 106.1 118.3 111.5 115.6 104.2 108.9 110.5 109.6 

 III 106.8 118.1 110.6 114.8 103.7 107.5 112.4 109.5 

 II 106.2 117.5 110.6 114.0 103.3 107.3 112.0 109.3 

 I 105.8 116.6 110.2 112.6 102.6 106.4 112.0 108.7 

2014 ANNUAL 105.4 114.1 108.2 111.1 100.7 105.4 112.9 108.5 

2014 IV 105.6 115.9 109.7 112.1 101.5 106.1 112.6 108.9 

 III 106.1 115.1 108.5 111.2 100.6 104.8 114.5 108.9 

 II 105.2 113.4 107.7 110.4 100.0 104.9 113.6 108.5 

 I 104.8 112.0 106.9 110.9 101.0 105.8 110.8 107.9 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2017

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-9- 

Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and

prices, seasonally adjusted.

 Real

 Hourly hourly Unit Implicit

Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price

and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator

quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2016 ANNUAL 0.2 1.7 1.5 2.8 1.5 2.6 -0.6 1.2 

2016 IV 1.3 2.2 0.9 3.0 -0.4 1.7 2.6 2.1 

 III 3.5 r 4.2 r 0.6 r 3.7 r 2.1 r 0.2 r 2.4 r 1.1 

 II -0.2 1.6 1.7 6.1 3.4 6.2 -2.8 2.3 

 I -0.6 0.7 1.4 -0.9 -0.6 -0.3 2.1 0.7 

2015 ANNUAL 0.9 3.1 2.1 2.9 2.8 2.0 -0.4 1.0 

2015 IV -2.4 0.8 3.3 3.1 2.3 5.7 -6.2 0.5 

 III 2.0 1.8 -0.2 2.9 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.0 

 II 1.2 3.1 1.9 4.8 2.2 3.6 -0.1 2.0 

 I 1.1 2.4 1.3 1.8 4.8 0.7 -0.1 0.4 

2014 ANNUAL 0.8 3.0 2.2 2.8 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.7 

2014 IV -1.6 2.7 4.4 3.6 3.9 5.2 -6.3 0.1 

 III 4.2 6.5 2.3 3.9 3.0 -0.2 4.5 1.8 

 II 2.0 5.1 3.0 -1.7 -3.6 -3.7 9.8 1.9 

 I -3.7 -1.8 2.0 6.2 3.8 10.2 -9.2 1.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2016 ANNUAL 0.2 1.7 1.5 2.8 1.5 2.6 -0.6 1.2 

2016 IV 1.0 2.2 1.1 2.9 1.1 1.9 1.0 1.5 

 III 0.1 r 1.8 r 1.7 3.0 1.8 2.9 r -1.2 r 1.1 

 II -0.3 1.2 1.5 2.7 1.6 3.1 -1.5 1.1 

 I 0.0 1.6 1.6 2.4 1.3 2.4 -0.8 1.0 

2015 ANNUAL 0.9 3.1 2.1 2.9 2.8 2.0 -0.4 1.0 

2015 IV 0.4 2.0 1.6 3.1 2.7 2.7 -1.4 0.9 

 III 0.7 2.5 1.8 3.2 3.1 2.6 -1.4 0.8 

 II 1.2 3.7 2.5 3.5 3.5 2.3 -0.6 1.0 

 I 1.4 4.2 2.7 1.9 2.0 0.5 1.8 1.0 

2014 ANNUAL 0.8 3.0 2.2 2.8 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.7 

2014 IV 0.2 3.1 2.9 2.9 1.7 2.7 -0.6 1.3 

 III 1.6 3.8 2.2 2.6 0.8 1.0 3.0 1.8 

 II 1.0 3.1 2.1 1.9 -0.1 0.9 3.4 2.0 

 I 0.3 2.0 1.7 3.8 2.3 3.4 -0.4 1.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2016 ANNUAL 106.7 119.8 112.3 117.6 105.2 110.3 110.8 110.5 

2016 IV 107.4 121.0 112.7 119.3 105.6 111.1 111.4 111.2 

 III 107.0 r 120.4 r 112.4 r 118.4 r 105.7 r 110.6 r 110.7 r 110.6 r

 II 106.1 119.1 112.3 117.3 105.1 110.5 110.1 110.3 

 I 106.2 118.7 111.8 115.6 104.3 108.9 110.9 109.7 

2015 ANNUAL 106.5 117.8 110.6 114.5 103.6 107.5 111.5 109.2 

2015 IV 106.3 118.5 111.4 115.9 104.4 109.0 110.3 109.5 

 III 107.0 118.2 110.5 115.0 103.8 107.5 112.1 109.4 

 II 106.4 117.7 110.6 114.2 103.4 107.3 111.8 109.1 

 I 106.1 116.8 110.1 112.9 102.9 106.3 111.8 108.6 

2014 ANNUAL 105.5 114.3 108.3 111.2 100.8 105.4 111.9 108.1 

2014 IV 105.9 116.1 109.7 112.4 101.7 106.1 111.8 108.5 

 III 106.3 115.3 108.5 111.4 100.7 104.8 113.7 108.5 

 II 105.2 113.5 107.9 110.3 100.0 104.9 112.4 108.0 

 I 104.7 112.1 107.1 110.8 100.9 105.8 109.8 107.5 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2017

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-10- 

Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted.

 Real

Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit

and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor

quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2016 ANNUAL 0.6 0.2 -0.4 3.3 2.0 2.6 

2016 IV 0.7 0.8 0.0 4.1 0.6 3.3 

 III 0.0 r 0.6 0.5 r 3.4 r 1.7 r 3.3 

 II -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 8.0 5.4 8.5 

 I 1.4 0.6 -0.8 -4.8 -4.5 -6.1 

2015 ANNUAL 0.3 1.2 0.8 2.5 2.4 2.2 

2015 IV -1.1 -0.5 0.6 8.2 7.4 9.5 

 III 3.7 1.9 -1.7 4.4 3.0 0.7 

 II 1.5 0.6 -0.9 5.4 2.9 3.8 

 I -1.7 -1.4 0.3 -1.9 1.0 -0.2 

2014 ANNUAL 0.1 1.7 1.6 2.8 1.1 2.7 

2014 IV -1.1 2.7 3.9 3.7 4.1 4.9 

 III 1.2 2.8 1.6 3.3 2.4 2.0 

 II 1.9 5.3 3.4 -2.6 -4.5 -4.4 

 I 0.9 -0.3 -1.2 10.4 8.0 9.5 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2016 ANNUAL 0.6 0.2 -0.4 3.3 2.0 2.6 

2016 IV 0.4 0.2 -0.2 2.6 0.7 2.2 

 III -0.1 r -0.1 0.0 r 3.6 r 2.4 r 3.6 

 II 0.8 0.2 -0.6 3.8 2.7 3.0 

 I 1.3 0.6 -0.7 3.2 2.1 1.8 

2015 ANNUAL 0.3 1.2 0.8 2.5 2.4 2.2 

2015 IV 0.6 0.1 -0.4 4.0 3.5 3.4 

 III 0.6 1.0 0.4 2.9 2.7 2.3 

 II 0.0 1.2 1.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 

 I 0.1 2.4 2.3 0.6 0.7 0.5 

2014 ANNUAL 0.1 1.7 1.6 2.8 1.1 2.7 

2014 IV 0.7 2.6 1.9 3.6 2.4 2.9 

 III 0.5 2.4 1.9 2.4 0.6 1.8 

 II -0.4 1.5 2.0 1.8 -0.3 2.2 

 I -0.5 0.0 0.5 3.3 1.9 3.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2016 ANNUAL 120.3 129.2 107.3 114.3 102.2 95.0 

2016 IV 120.5 129.4 107.4 116.2 102.8 96.4 

 III 120.3 r 129.1 r 107.4 r 115.0 r 102.7 r 95.7 r

 II 120.2 r 128.9 r 107.2 114.1 102.3 94.9 r

 I 120.4 129.3 107.4 111.9 100.9 93.0 

2015 ANNUAL 119.6 128.8 107.7 110.7 100.2 92.5 

2015 IV 120.0 129.1 107.6 113.3 102.1 94.4 

 III 120.3 129.2 107.4 111.1 100.3 92.3 

 II 119.3 128.6 107.9 109.9 99.5 92.1 

 I 118.8 128.4 108.1 108.4 98.8 91.3 

2014 ANNUAL 119.2 127.4 106.8 107.9 97.8 90.5 

2014 IV 119.3 128.9 108.0 109.0 98.6 91.3 

 III 119.6 128.0 107.0 108.0 97.6 90.2 

 II 119.3 127.1 106.6 107.1 97.0 89.8 

 I 118.7 125.5 105.7 107.8 98.2 90.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2017

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-11- 

Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor

costs, seasonally adjusted.

 Real

Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit

and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor

quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2016 ANNUAL 1.0 0.4 -0.6 3.4 2.1 2.4 

2016 IV 0.1 0.7 0.7 3.9 0.4 3.8 

 III 2.1 r 2.2 r 0.1 r 3.8 r 2.1 r 1.7 r

 II 2.4 r 0.6 -1.8 10.1 7.4 7.5 

 I -0.4 -0.1 0.2 -6.4 -6.0 -6.0 

2015 ANNUAL 0.0 0.5 0.5 3.0 2.8 2.9 

2015 IV -2.1 -1.4 0.7 9.4 8.5 11.8 

 III 5.1 2.3 -2.7 3.9 2.5 -1.1 

 II 2.2 0.5 -1.7 5.2 2.6 2.9 

 I -4.0 -4.0 0.1 -0.4 2.5 3.8 

2014 ANNUAL 0.7 2.8 2.1 2.4 0.7 1.7 

2014 IV -0.4 1.9 2.3 4.3 4.6 4.7 

 III 0.8 3.7 2.9 3.4 2.5 2.6 

 II 2.1 7.2 4.9 -2.7 -4.6 -4.7 

 I 1.5 0.4 -1.1 10.6 8.2 9.0 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2016 ANNUAL 1.0 0.4 -0.6 3.4 2.1 2.4 

2016 IV 1.1 0.8 -0.2 2.7 0.9 1.6 

 III 0.5 r 0.3 r -0.2 r 4.0 r 2.8 r 3.5 r

 II 1.2 0.3 -0.9 4.0 2.9 2.8 

 I 1.2 0.3 -0.9 2.9 1.8 1.7 

2015 ANNUAL 0.0 0.5 0.5 3.0 2.8 2.9 

2015 IV 0.2 -0.7 -0.9 4.5 4.0 4.2 

 III 0.7 0.2 -0.5 3.2 3.1 2.5 

 II -0.4 0.5 0.9 3.1 3.1 3.5 

 I -0.4 2.1 2.5 1.1 1.2 1.5 

2014 ANNUAL 0.7 2.8 2.1 2.4 0.7 1.7 

2014 IV 1.0 3.3 2.2 3.8 2.6 2.8 

 III 1.0 3.9 2.9 1.7 -0.1 0.7 

 II 0.3 3.0 2.6 1.3 -0.8 0.9 

 I 0.3 1.0 0.7 2.7 1.3 2.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2016 ANNUAL 122.3 134.4 109.9 113.6 101.5 92.9 

2016 IV 122.8 135.0 110.0 115.6 102.3 94.1 

 III 122.8 r 134.8 r 109.8 r 114.5 r 102.2 r 93.3 r

 II 122.1 r 134.1 r 109.8 113.4 101.7 92.9 r

 I 121.4 133.9 110.3 110.7 99.9 91.2 

2015 ANNUAL 121.1 133.8 110.6 109.8 99.4 90.7 

2015 IV 121.5 133.9 110.2 112.6 101.4 92.6 

 III 122.2 134.4 110.0 110.1 99.4 90.1 

 II 120.7 133.6 110.8 109.0 98.8 90.4 

 I 120.0 133.5 111.2 107.6 98.1 89.7 

2014 ANNUAL 121.0 133.1 110.0 106.7 96.7 88.1 

2014 IV 121.2 134.8 111.2 107.8 97.5 88.9 

 III 121.3 134.2 110.6 106.6 96.4 87.9 

 II 121.1 132.9 109.8 105.8 95.8 87.3 

 I 120.5 130.7 108.5 106.5 97.0 88.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2017

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-12- 

Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor

costs, seasonally adjusted.

 Real

Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit

and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor

quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2016 ANNUAL 0.1 0.0 -0.1 3.1 1.8 3.0 

2016 IV 1.8 0.8 -1.0 4.3 0.8 2.4 

 III -2.7 r -1.5 r 1.3 r 2.6 r 1.0 r 5.5 r

 II -4.6 -2.9 1.8 4.4 1.8 9.4 r

 I 4.0 1.4 -2.5 -1.9 -1.5 -5.7 

2015 ANNUAL 0.5 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.3 

2015 IV 0.1 0.6 0.5 6.1 5.2 6.0 

 III 1.5 1.4 -0.1 5.5 4.1 4.0 

 II 0.3 0.7 0.4 6.1 3.5 5.8 

 I 1.0 1.8 0.8 -4.7 -1.8 -5.6 

2014 ANNUAL 0.0 0.6 0.6 3.4 1.8 3.5 

2014 IV -2.7 3.7 6.6 3.0 3.4 5.8 

 III 2.6 1.9 -0.7 2.9 2.0 0.3 

 II 2.5 3.3 0.8 -2.6 -4.5 -5.0 

 I 0.3 -1.0 -1.3 10.0 7.6 9.7 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2016 ANNUAL 0.1 0.0 -0.1 3.1 1.8 3.0 

2016 IV -0.4 -0.5 -0.1 2.3 0.5 2.8 

 III -0.8 r -0.6 r 0.3 r 2.8 1.6 3.6 r

 II 0.2 0.1 -0.1 3.5 2.4 3.3 

 I 1.5 1.0 -0.4 3.9 2.8 2.4 

2015 ANNUAL 0.5 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.3 

2015 IV 0.7 1.1 0.4 3.2 2.7 2.4 

 III 0.0 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.4 

 II 0.3 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.5 

 I 0.8 2.7 1.8 -0.4 -0.3 -1.2 

2014 ANNUAL 0.0 0.6 0.6 3.4 1.8 3.5 

2014 IV 0.7 2.0 1.3 3.2 2.0 2.6 

 III 0.7 1.0 0.2 3.5 1.8 2.8 

 II -0.7 0.2 0.8 2.6 0.5 3.3 

 I -0.9 -0.7 0.2 4.4 2.9 5.3 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2016 ANNUAL 113.1 116.7 103.1 115.1 102.9 101.8 

2016 IV 112.8 116.4 103.2 116.7 103.3 103.5 

 III 112.3 r 116.2 r 103.5 r 115.5 r 103.1 r 102.9 r

 II 113.0 r 116.6 r 103.2 114.8 102.9 101.5 r

 I 114.4 117.5 102.7 113.5 102.4 99.3 

2015 ANNUAL 113.0 116.6 103.2 111.7 101.1 98.8 

2015 IV 113.2 117.0 103.3 114.1 102.8 100.7 

 III 113.2 116.8 103.2 112.4 101.5 99.3 

 II 112.8 116.4 103.2 110.9 100.5 98.3 

 I 112.7 116.2 103.1 109.3 99.6 96.9 

2014 ANNUAL 112.5 114.4 101.7 109.7 99.5 97.6 

2014 IV 112.4 115.7 102.9 110.6 100.1 98.3 

 III 113.2 114.7 101.3 109.7 99.2 96.9 

 II 112.5 114.1 101.5 109.0 98.7 96.9 

 I 111.8 113.2 101.3 109.7 99.9 98.1 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2017

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-13- 

Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,

unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted.

 Real

 Hourly hourly Unit Total Implicit

Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor unit Unit price

and produc- Hours sation sation labor costs costs profits deflator

quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2016 III 6.5 r 7.8 r 1.2 r 4.1 r 2.4 r -2.2 r -4.5 r -3.0 r 15.6 r -0.7 

 II -1.2 0.2 1.4 5.7 3.1 7.0 1.0 5.0 -17.2 1.8 

 I 1.3 1.9 0.6 -1.9 -1.6 -3.2 -12.1 -6.1 30.7 -2.0 

2015 ANNUAL 0.7 r 3.0 r 2.2 2.9 2.8 2.2 r 0.8 r 1.7 r -6.4 r 0.5 r 

2015 IV -1.9 r 1.6 r 3.6 1.9 1.1 3.9 r 14.9 r 7.3 r -36.4 r 0.1 r

 III 1.4 r 3.0 r 1.5 1.9 0.6 0.5 r 0.3 r 0.4 r -0.4 r 0.3 r

 II -2.1 r -1.3 r 0.9 3.9 1.4 6.2 r 3.8 r 5.4 r -13.9 r 2.4 r

 I 2.1 r 3.5 r 1.4 5.8 8.9 3.6 r -2.0 r 1.8 r -14.4 r -0.8 r

2014 ANNUAL 0.3 r 3.0 r 2.7 2.5 0.8 2.2 r 0.5 r 1.6 r 2.4 r 1.7 r

2014 IV 0.8 r 4.3 r 3.4 1.7 2.0 0.8 r -0.6 r 0.3 r -4.9 r -0.5 r

 III 3.1 r 5.9 r 2.7 2.1 1.3 -1.0 r -1.1 r -1.0 r 16.2 r 1.4 r

 II 0.7 r 5.8 r 5.0 -2.6 -4.5 -3.3 r -1.0 r -2.6 r 37.8 r 2.4 r

 I 0.6 r 2.3 r 1.6 9.3 6.9 8.6 r 0.7 r 6.0 r -19.6 r 1.9 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2016 III 1.1 r 2.8 r 1.7 2.4 1.2 r 1.3 r -0.6 r 0.7 r -5.6 r -0.2 r

 II -0.1 r 1.7 r 1.8 1.9 0.8 2.0 r 0.6 r 1.5 r -9.0 r 0.0 r

 I -0.3 r 1.3 r 1.6 1.4 0.4 1.8 r 1.3 r 1.6 r -8.1 r 0.2 r

2015 ANNUAL 0.7 r 3.0 r 2.2 2.9 2.8 2.2 r 0.8 r 1.7 r -6.4 r 0.5 r 

2015 IV -0.2 r 1.7 r 1.8 3.4 2.9 3.5 r 4.1 r 3.7 r -17.3 r 0.5 r

 III 0.5 r 2.4 r 1.8 3.3 3.2 2.7 r 0.4 r 2.0 r -8.6 r 0.3 r

 II 0.9 r 3.1 r 2.1 3.3 3.3 2.4 r 0.0 r 1.6 r -5.0 r 0.6 r

 I 1.7 r 4.9 r 3.1 1.7 1.8 0.0 r -1.2 r -0.4 r 6.8 r 0.6 r

2014 ANNUAL 0.3 r 3.0 r 2.7 2.5 0.8 2.2 r 0.5 r 1.6 r 2.4 r 1.7 r

2014 IV 1.3 r 4.5 r 3.2 2.5 1.3 1.2 r -0.5 r 0.6 r 5.2 r 1.3 r

 III 0.9 r 3.8 r 2.9 2.3 0.6 1.4 r 0.2 r 1.0 r 7.2 r 1.9 r

 II -0.7 r 2.1 r 2.8 1.8 -0.3 2.5 r 1.2 r 2.1 r 2.8 r 2.2 r

 I -0.3 r 1.6 r 1.9 3.4 1.9 3.7 r 1.0 r 2.8 r -5.9 r 1.5 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

2016 III 107.5 r 123.5 r 114.9 r 117.1 r 104.5 r 108.9 r 100.3 r 106.0 r 139.4 r 109.5 r

 II 105.9 r 121.2 r 114.5 115.9 103.9 109.5 r 101.4 r 106.8 r 134.5 r 109.7 r

 I 106.2 r 121.2 r 114.1 114.3 103.1 107.7 r 101.2 r 105.5 r 141.0 r 109.2 r

2015 ANNUAL 106.2 r 119.9 r 112.9 113.9 103.1 107.3 r 101.5 r 105.4 r 145.1 r 109.5 r

2015 IV 105.8 r 120.6 r 114.0 114.9 103.5 108.5 r 104.5 r 107.2 r 131.8 r 109.8 r

 III 106.4 r 120.1 r 113.0 114.3 103.2 107.5 r 100.9 r 105.3 r 147.6 r 109.7 r

 II 106.0 r 119.3 r 112.5 113.8 103.1 107.4 r 100.8 r 105.2 r 147.8 r 109.6 r

 I 106.5 r 119.6 r 112.3 112.7 102.7 105.8 r 99.9 r 103.8 r 153.4 r 109.0 r

2014 ANNUAL 105.4 r 116.4 r 110.5 110.7 100.3 105.0 r 100.7 r 103.6 r 155.1 r 109.0 r

2014 IV 106.0 r 118.6 r 111.9 111.1 100.6 104.8 r 100.4 r 103.3 r 159.5 r 109.2 r

 III 105.8 r 117.4 r 111.0 110.7 100.1 104.6 r 100.5 r 103.3 r 161.5 r 109.4 r

 II 105.0 r 115.7 r 110.2 110.1 99.8 104.9 r 100.8 r 103.5 r 155.5 r 109.0 r

 I 104.8 r 114.1 r 108.9 110.8 100.9 105.8 r 101.1 r 104.2 r 143.6 r 108.3 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 8, 2017

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-14- 

SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S. 

Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal 

Reserve Board. Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of 

Economic Analysis.

RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more complete information 

becomes available. The measures are first published within 40 days of the close of the reference period; 

revisions appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the business sector, the 

third publication (second revision) of a quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the 

initial value by between –1.6 and 1.4 index points approximately 95 percent of the time. This interval is 

based on the performance of this measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the third quarter of 2016. 

Table Footnotes 

(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private benefit 

plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an estimate

of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed. 

(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers 

(CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2015 is based on the Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).

(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports 

less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental income of 

persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.

(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index. 

(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers to three 

decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for convenience. 

Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal places.

(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, 

net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments. 

(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.

(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption 

adjustments.
-15- 

Appendix table 1.

Nonfinancial corporate sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit

profits, and prices.

 Real

 Hourly hourly Unit Total Implicit

 Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor unit Unit price

 produc- Hours sation sation labor costs costs profits deflator

 Year tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2009=100

 2015 106.2 r 119.9 r 112.9 113.9 103.1 107.3 r 101.5 r 105.4 r 145.1 r 109.5 r

 2014 105.4 r 116.4 r 110.5 110.7 100.3 105.0 r 100.7 r 103.6 r 155.1 r 109.0 r

 2013 105.1 r 113.0 r 107.6 108.0 99.5 102.8 r 100.2 r 101.9 r 151.5 r 107.1 r

 2012 104.8 r 110.5 r 105.5 106.5 99.6 101.7 r 100.0 r 101.1 r 144.9 r 105.7 r

 2011 103.8 r 106.9 r 103.0 103.6 98.8 99.8 r 99.8 r 99.8 r 135.3 r 103.5 r

 2010 104.1 r 104.3 r 100.2 101.5 99.9 97.5 r 97.9 r 97.6 r 131.2 r 101.2 r

 2009 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

 2008 99.0 r 107.3 r 108.4 98.4 98.0 99.4 r 94.6 r 97.8 r 105.7 r 98.6 r

 2007 98.7 r 108.7 r 110.1 95.6 98.9 96.9 r 88.9 r 94.2 r 117.2 r 96.6 r

 2006 98.2 r 107.7 r 109.6 92.1 98.0 93.8 r 83.4 r 90.3 r 131.2 r 94.6 r

 2005 96.2 r 103.5 r 107.6 89.4 98.2 92.9 r 81.4 r 89.0 r 117.2 r 92.0 r

 2004 94.3 r 100.1 r 106.1 86.7 98.5 92.0 r 78.0 r 87.3 r 103.3 r 89.0 r

 2003 91.0 r 95.6 r 105.1 83.7 97.7 92.0 r 78.7 r 87.6 r 85.0 r 87.3 r

 2002 87.5 r 93.5 r 106.9 81.0 96.7 92.6 r 79.6 r 88.3 r 69.7 r 86.3 r

 2001 84.1 r 92.7 r 110.2 79.5 96.4 94.6 r 79.1 r 89.4 r 57.4 r 86.0 r

 2000 83.8 r 95.0 r 113.3 77.7 96.7 92.6 r 73.6 r 86.3 r 70.4 r 84.6 r

 1999 81.0 r 90.6 r 111.9 72.4 93.2 89.3 r 70.6 r 83.1 r 84.0 r 83.2 r

 1998 78.8 r 86.2 r 109.4 69.2 91.0 87.8 r 69.0 r 81.5 r 90.1 r 82.4 r

 1997 76.4 r 81.8 r 107.0 65.4 87.2 85.6 r 68.7 r 80.0 r 101.0 r 82.2 r

 1996 74.3 r 76.7 r 103.1 63.3 86.2 85.1 r 69.0 r 79.7 r 98.5 r 81.7 r

 1995 71.5 r 72.4 r 101.3 60.9 85.3 85.3 r 69.9 r 80.1 r 91.9 r 81.4 r

 1994 70.6 r 69.1 r 97.8 60.0 86.0 84.9 r 69.6 r 79.8 r 86.8 r 80.5 r

 1993 69.4 r 65.1 r 93.8 59.2 86.6 85.4 r 69.2 r 80.0 r 72.7 r 79.2 r

 1992 69.4 r 63.5 r 91.5 58.5 87.6 84.3 r 69.2 r 79.3 r 62.6 r 77.5 r

 1991 67.6 r 61.6 r 91.2 55.6 85.4 82.2 r 70.6 r 78.3 r 60.4 r 76.4 r

 1990 66.0 r 61.9 r 93.9 53.1 84.5 80.4 r 67.7 r 76.2 r 58.9 r 74.4 r

 1989 65.3 r 61.1 r 93.5 50.6 84.6 77.5 r 64.7 r 73.2 r 62.5 r 72.1 r

 1988 66.0 r 59.9 r 90.7 49.2 85.8 74.5 r 61.3 r 70.1 r 68.4 r 69.9 r

 1987 64.2 r 56.5 r 88.0 46.9 84.7 73.0 r 60.2 r 68.7 r 64.0 r 68.2 r

 1986 62.9 r 53.6 r 85.3 45.3 84.6 72.0 r 59.7 r 67.9 r 59.8 r 67.0 r

 1985 61.5 r 52.3 r 85.0 42.9 81.5 69.8 r 56.7 r 65.4 r 72.2 r 66.1 r

 1984 60.1 r 49.9 r 83.1 40.8 80.4 68.0 r 55.4 r 63.8 r 75.0 r 65.0 r

 1983 58.7 r 45.9 r 78.1 39.1 80.2 66.7 r 55.7 r 63.0 r 63.9 r 63.1 r

 1982 56.8 r 43.7 r 77.0 37.6 80.3 66.2 r 55.5 r 62.6 r 55.2 r 61.8 r

 1981 56.5 r 44.7 r 79.1 35.2 79.8 62.4 r 50.0 r 58.2 r 59.2 r 58.3 r

 1980 55.1 r 42.9 r 78.0 32.3 80.2 58.7 r 44.0 r 53.8 r 50.5 r 53.4 r

 1979 55.2 r 43.4 r 78.6 29.3 80.9 53.1 r 37.5 r 47.9 r 55.9 r 48.8 r

 1978 55.7 r 42.0 r 75.5 26.9 81.1 48.3 r 34.6 r 43.7 r 58.2 r 45.2 r

 1977 55.0 r 39.5 r 71.8 24.6 79.6 44.8 r 33.2 r 40.9 r 54.7 r 42.4 r

 1976 53.5 r 36.8 r 68.7 22.8 78.5 42.6 r 32.0 r 39.1 r 50.4 r 40.2 r

 1975 51.8 r 34.0 r 65.6 21.2 77.2 41.0 r 32.3 r 38.1 r 42.7 r 38.5 r

 1974 49.8 r 34.5 r 69.1 19.2 76.3 38.5 r 28.2 r 35.1 r 35.3 r 35.1 r

 1973 50.8 r 35.0 r 68.8 17.6 77.6 34.6 r 24.6 r 31.3 r 38.7 r 32.0 r

 1972 50.3 r 33.0 r 65.5 16.4 76.9 32.6 r 23.3 r 29.5 r 37.3 r 30.3 r

 1971 49.4 r 30.7 r 62.1 15.6 75.4 31.6 r 23.3 r 28.8 r 34.1 r 29.4 r

 1970 47.4 r 29.5 r 62.2 14.7 74.3 31.1 r 22.2 r 28.1 r 30.2 r 28.3 r

 1969 47.1 r 29.8 r 63.1 13.8 73.6 29.3 r 19.7 r 26.1 r 36.7 r 27.2 r

 1968 47.1 r 28.6 r 60.8 12.9 72.6 27.4 r 18.2 r 24.3 r 40.6 r 26.0 r

 1967 45.4 r 26.9 r 59.1 12.0 70.6 26.5 r 17.0 r 23.3 r 40.5 r 25.1 r

 1966 44.6 r 26.1 r 58.5 11.4 68.9 25.6 r 16.1 r 22.4 r 43.2 r 24.6 r

 1965 43.7 r 24.3 r 55.6 10.8 67.1 24.7 r 16.0 r 21.8 r 43.2 r 24.0 r

 1964 42.7 r 22.4 r 52.6 10.5 66.3 24.6 r 16.1 r 21.8 r 40.1 r 23.7 r

 1963 42.0 r 21.0 r 49.9 10.3 65.9 24.5 r 16.1 r 21.7 r 38.7 r 23.5 r

 1962 40.5 r 19.7 r 48.8 10.0 64.8 24.7 r 16.2 r 21.9 r 36.5 r 23.4 r

 1961 38.8 r 18.2 r 46.9 9.6 63.0 24.8 r 16.4 r 22.0 r 34.0 r 23.3 r

 1960 37.5 r 17.8 r 47.4 9.3 61.6 24.8 r 16.1 r 21.9 r 33.9 r 23.2 r

 1959 36.9 r 17.2 r 46.6 9.0 60.3 24.3 r 15.7 r 21.4 r 36.8 r 23.0 r

 1958 35.2 r 15.5 r 44.0 8.6 58.5 24.6 r 16.3 r 21.8 r 31.7 r 22.8 r

 1957 34.4 r 16.1 r 46.7 8.3 57.9 24.1 r 14.9 r 21.0 r 35.0 r 22.5 r

 1956 33.7 r 15.9 r 47.0 7.8 56.4 23.3 r 13.8 r 20.1 r 36.4 r 21.8 r

 1955 33.5 r 15.3 r 45.7 7.4 53.9 22.0 r 13.0 r 19.0 r 38.8 r 21.1 r
-16- 

 1954 31.6 r 13.7 r 43.3 7.1 51.8 22.5 r 13.4 r 19.5 r 33.3 r 20.9 r

 1953 30.3 r 13.8 r 45.6 6.9 50.4 22.7 r 13.0 r 19.4 r 34.2 r 21.0 r

 1952 29.1 r 12.9 r 44.2 6.5 48.1 22.4 r 13.0 r 19.3 r 36.4 r 21.1 r

 1951 28.4 r 12.4 r 43.6 6.2 46.4 21.7 r 12.5 r 18.6 r 40.4 r 20.9 r

 1950 28.7 r 11.7 r 40.9 5.6 45.8 19.7 r 11.9 r 17.1 r 37.6 r 19.2 r

 1949 26.7 r 10.4 r 38.9 5.3 43.9 20.0 r 12.4 r 17.5 r 33.3 r 19.1 r

 1948 25.4 r 10.5 r 41.4 5.2 42.0 20.4 r 11.6 r 17.4 r 36.6 r 19.5 r

 1947 23.8 r 9.7 r 41.0 4.7 41.3 19.8 r 11.0 r 16.8 r 30.7 r 18.3 r

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 8, 2017

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics