For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, July 9, 2013 USDL-13-1311 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2013

There were 3.8 million job openings on the last business day of May, little changed from April, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.3 percent) and separations rate (3.2 percent) 

also were little changed in May. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, 

hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region. 

Job Openings

The number of job openings in May was 3.8 million, little changed from April. (See table 1.) The 

number of job openings was little changed over the month in most industries but rose in retail trade and 

fell in professional and business services. The number of job openings rose in the Midwest but was 

essentially unchanged in the other three regions. 

The number of job openings in May (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the year for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. Several industries experienced an increase in job openings over 

the year, including retail trade; transportation, warehousing, and utilities; and finance and insurance. 

Industries experiencing a decrease in openings over the year were durable goods manufacturing and 

professional and business services. In the Midwest region, the number of job openings rose over the 

year. (See table 7.) 

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

June 2010 - May 2013

2013 2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Hires

Separations

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

June 2010 - May 2013

2013
- 2 - 

Hires

In May, there were 4.4 million hires; the hires rate was 3.3 percent. The hires rate was little changed in 

all industries and regions over the month. (See table 2.) 

Over the 12 months ending in May, the number of hires (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for

total nonfarm, total private, government, and in all four regions. The number of hires was little changed

over the year for most industries. The number of hires fell in mining and logging but rose in 

accommodation and food services. (See table 8.) 

Separations 

There were 4.3 million total separations in the month of May; essentially the same number as in April.

The separations rate was 3.2 percent.

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations also is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In May, the quits rate remained at 1.6 percent for total nonfarm and at 1.8 percent for total private. The 

rate for government was little changed at 0.6 percent. The quits rate also was little changed over the 

month for all industries and regions. (See table 4.)

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending in May for 

total nonfarm, total private, government, and in all four regions. Quits increased over the year for the 

educational services industry. (See table 10.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels, and by region. The layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged in 

May at 1.3 percent. The rate also was unchanged for total private (1.4 percent) and government (0.4 

percent). The rate was little changed over the month in all four regions. (See table 5.) 

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending 

in May for total nonfarm and total private but fell for government. Over the year, the number of layoffs 

and discharges fell in professional and business services, educational services, and state and local 

government. In the South region, the number of layoffs and discharges decreased. (See table 11.) 

In May, there were 382,000 other separations for total nonfarm, essentially unchanged from the previous 

month. The number of other separations also was essentially unchanged over the month for total private 

and government. (See table 6.) Over the 12 months ending in May, the number of other separations also

was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table 12.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
- 3 - 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in May 2013, hires totaled 51.9 million 

and separations totaled 50.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.8 million. These figures 

include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for June 2013 are scheduled to be released

on Tuesday, August 6, 2013 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total.................................................... 3,774 3,800 3,828 4,526 4,395 4,441 4,447 4,287 4,323

Total private1....................................... 3,361 3,400 3,424 4,231 4,100 4,155 4,123 3,987 4,036

Construction...................................... 70 99 103 321 283 307 349 300 299

Manufacturing.................................... 302 243 236 261 222 236 248 224 247

Trade, transportation, and utilities2........... 608 715 806 882 868 893 849 857 886

Retail trade..................................... 364 455 537 589 598 625 594 604 619

Professional and business services........... 746 731 628 968 912 870 964 858 834

Education and health services3

............... 701 662 645 541 544 527 480 518 517

Health care and social assistance.......... 640 600 581 463 465 449 410 445 448

Leisure and hospitality.......................... 441 468 448 748 809 807 749 779 754

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 52 57 57 128 123 115 131 120 105

Accommodation and food services......... 389 410 391 621 686 692 618 659 649

Government4....................................... 414 401 405 296 295 287 324 300 287

State and local................................... 346 330 341 265 262 258 292 256 250

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total.................................................... 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2

Total private1

....................................... 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5

Construction...................................... 1.2 1.7 1.7 5.7 4.9 5.3 6.2 5.2 5.1

Manufacturing.................................... 2.5 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities2........... 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4

Retail trade..................................... 2.4 2.9 3.4 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1

Professional and business services........... 4.0 3.8 3.3 5.4 5.0 4.7 5.4 4.7 4.5

Education and health services3............... 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5

Health care and social assistance.......... 3.6 3.4 3.3 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.......................... 3.1 3.2 3.1 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 2.6 2.8 2.7 6.5 6.1 5.7 6.7 6.0 5.2

Accommodation and food services......... 3.2 3.3 3.1 5.3 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.5 5.4

Government4

....................................... 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3

State and local................................... 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3

1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

3 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,400 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which 

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees 

program. 

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements. 

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations. 

Seasonal adjustment 

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series. 

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method. 

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request. 

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation. 

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total............................................. 3,774 3,611 3,899 3,875 3,800 3,828 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 3,361 3,194 3,478 3,473 3,400 3,424 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9

Construction............................... 70 104 116 108 99 103 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7

Manufacturing............................. 302 253 274 271 243 236 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 608 645 644 669 715 806 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 3.0

Retail trade.............................. 364 390 396 424 455 537 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.4

Professional and business services. . .. 746 690 709 692 731 628 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.3

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 701 579 672 687 662 645 3.3 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0

Health care and social assistance. .. 640 524 612 621 600 581 3.6 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 441 453 488 500 468 448 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 52 52 52 64 57 57 2.6 2.6 2.5 3.1 2.8 2.7

Accommodation and food services... 389 401 437 436 410 391 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1

Government7

................................ 414 417 421 402 401 405 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8

State and local............................ 346 340 357 344 330 341 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 710 668 700 699 638 655 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.5

South.......................................... 1,493 1,441 1,547 1,501 1,525 1,498 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0

Midwest....................................... 788 723 831 825 805 886 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.8

West........................................... 783 778 821 850 831 789 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6

1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total.............................................. 4,526 4,298 4,451 4,227 4,395 4,441 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 4,231 4,015 4,138 3,931 4,100 4,155 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7

Construction............................... 321 326 353 320 283 307 5.7 5.7 6.1 5.5 4.9 5.3

Manufacturing............................. 261 219 231 201 222 236 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 882 868 936 821 868 893 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.5

Retail trade.............................. 589 586 651 562 598 625 4.0 3.9 4.3 3.7 4.0 4.1

Professional and business services. . .. 968 878 845 831 912 870 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.5 5.0 4.7

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 541 507 499 520 544 527 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6

Health care and social assistance. .. 463 443 437 443 465 449 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 748 747 762 776 809 807 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 128 104 116 123 123 115 6.5 5.2 5.8 6.1 6.1 5.7

Accommodation and food services... 621 643 646 653 686 692 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.7

Government7

................................ 296 283 313 295 295 287 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

State and local............................ 265 249 266 264 262 258 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 708 675 716 722 742 720 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8

South.......................................... 1,855 1,787 1,843 1,640 1,720 1,750 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.5

Midwest....................................... 979 906 848 907 952 1,027 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3

West........................................... 984 930 1,044 959 981 945 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.2

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total.............................................. 4,447 4,173 4,180 4,123 4,287 4,323 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 4,123 3,872 3,884 3,819 3,987 4,036 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5

Construction............................... 349 315 322 316 300 299 6.2 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.1

Manufacturing............................. 248 215 225 203 224 247 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 849 854 863 820 857 886 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4

Retail trade.............................. 594 580 583 557 604 619 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.1

Professional and business services. . .. 964 845 770 780 858 834 5.4 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.5

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 480 486 482 482 518 517 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5

Health care and social assistance. .. 410 417 413 416 445 448 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 749 715 730 738 779 754 5.5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 131 101 103 108 120 105 6.7 5.1 5.2 5.4 6.0 5.2

Accommodation and food services... 618 614 627 631 659 649 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.4

Government7

................................ 324 302 296 304 300 287 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

State and local............................ 292 259 251 260 256 250 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 734 724 682 711 697 704 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7

South.......................................... 1,758 1,587 1,712 1,599 1,645 1,698 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4

Midwest....................................... 1,012 849 874 880 924 987 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2

West........................................... 943 1,013 911 933 1,021 934 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.1

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total.............................................. 2,151 2,260 2,286 2,099 2,185 2,203 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 2,019 2,128 2,159 1,967 2,040 2,069 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8

Construction............................... 79 134 106 91 98 94 1.4 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6

Manufacturing............................. 113 98 102 94 109 105 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 446 491 501 446 470 450 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7

Retail trade.............................. 324 362 354 318 340 325 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.2

Professional and business services. . .. 427 375 385 372 410 403 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 263 299 289 281 283 292 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance. .. 234 264 255 255 251 254 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 457 472 491 445 454 467 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 52 47 54 47 42 39 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.1 1.9

Accommodation and food services... 404 426 437 397 412 428 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.5

Government7

................................ 132 132 127 131 146 134 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

State and local............................ 120 121 116 120 134 124 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 305 352 311 288 308 324 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3

South.......................................... 889 908 1,034 894 918 945 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9

Midwest....................................... 503 479 469 473 516 498 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6

West........................................... 453 522 472 444 444 436 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total.............................................. 1,955 1,520 1,572 1,686 1,741 1,739 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 1,820 1,430 1,467 1,572 1,645 1,647 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

Construction............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

................................ 135 90 104 114 96 91 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local............................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 377 284 300 358 324 306 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2

South.......................................... 748 532 561 584 601 609 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

Midwest....................................... 433 298 334 329 325 416 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3

West........................................... 398 406 376 415 491 407 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.4

1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total.............................................. 341 393 323 338 360 382 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 285 314 258 280 302 320 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Construction............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

................................ 56 79 66 58 58 62 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local............................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast..................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

South.......................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Midwest....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

West........................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total...................................................................... 3,771 4,130 3,830 2.7 3.0 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 3,355 3,719 3,421 2.9 3.2 2.9

Mining and logging................................................ 21 22 22 2.4 2.5 2.5

Construction........................................................ 80 124 118 1.4 2.2 2.0

Manufacturing...................................................... 315 255 241 2.6 2.1 2.0

Durable goods................................................... 215 164 156 2.8 2.1 2.0

Nondurable goods.............................................. 100 91 86 2.2 2.0 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 590 740 797 2.3 2.8 3.0

Wholesale trade................................................. 124 134 114 2.1 2.3 1.9

Retail trade....................................................... 351 467 529 2.3 3.0 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 115 139 154 2.3 2.7 3.0

Information.......................................................... 76 80 94 2.8 2.9 3.3

Financial activities................................................. 228 286 292 2.8 3.5 3.6

Finance and insurance......................................... 171 228 215 2.9 3.7 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 57 58 77 2.8 2.9 3.7

Professional and business services............................. 731 780 610 3.9 4.1 3.2

Education and health services................................... 696 707 639 3.3 3.3 3.0

Educational services............................................ 61 69 64 1.8 1.9 1.8

Health care and social assistance............................ 635 638 575 3.6 3.6 3.2

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 469 575 471 3.3 3.9 3.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 68 73 73 3.2 3.6 3.4

Accommodation and food services........................... 401 502 399 3.3 4.0 3.1

Other services...................................................... 148 151 135 2.7 2.7 2.4

Government........................................................... 415 411 410 1.8 1.8 1.8

Federal.............................................................. 67 77 63 2.3 2.7 2.2

State and local..................................................... 348 334 347 1.8 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 715 690 660 2.7 2.6 2.5

South................................................................... 1,490 1,652 1,497 3.0 3.2 2.9

Midwest................................................................ 780 889 885 2.5 2.8 2.8

West.................................................................... 786 899 788 2.6 2.9 2.6

1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total...................................................................... 5,011 4,732 4,964 3.7 3.5 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 4,691 4,512 4,658 4.2 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging................................................ 40 32 30 4.7 3.7 3.4

Construction........................................................ 397 365 380 7.0 6.4 6.5

Manufacturing...................................................... 298 234 275 2.5 2.0 2.3

Durable goods................................................... 172 153 167 2.3 2.0 2.2

Nondurable goods.............................................. 125 82 107 2.8 1.8 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 929 907 945 3.7 3.5 3.7

Wholesale trade................................................. 127 134 115 2.2 2.3 2.0

Retail trade....................................................... 632 623 679 4.3 4.2 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 169 151 150 3.4 3.0 3.0

Information.......................................................... 65 65 68 2.4 2.4 2.5

Financial activities................................................. 204 195 233 2.6 2.5 3.0

Finance and insurance......................................... 136 133 156 2.3 2.3 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 67 62 77 3.4 3.1 3.9

Professional and business services............................. 1,068 1,030 962 6.0 5.6 5.2

Education and health services................................... 513 526 505 2.5 2.5 2.4

Educational services............................................ 53 52 55 1.6 1.5 1.6

Health care and social assistance............................ 460 473 450 2.7 2.7 2.6

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 942 961 1,021 6.8 6.9 7.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 201 166 180 9.9 8.5 8.6

Accommodation and food services........................... 741 795 841 6.2 6.6 6.9

Other services...................................................... 237 196 240 4.3 3.6 4.4

Government........................................................... 320 221 306 1.4 1.0 1.4

Federal.............................................................. 40 29 35 1.4 1.1 1.3

State and local..................................................... 279 192 271 1.4 1.0 1.4

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 801 801 823 3.1 3.1 3.2

South................................................................... 1,951 1,848 1,862 4.0 3.8 3.8

Midwest................................................................ 1,166 1,060 1,240 3.8 3.4 4.0

West.................................................................... 1,092 1,024 1,038 3.7 3.4 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total...................................................................... 4,270 4,173 4,185 3.2 3.1 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 3,901 3,958 3,869 3.5 3.5 3.4

Mining and logging................................................ 29 30 23 3.4 3.5 2.6

Construction........................................................ 305 287 265 5.4 5.1 4.5

Manufacturing...................................................... 246 229 247 2.1 1.9 2.1

Durable goods................................................... 136 142 146 1.8 1.9 1.9

Nondurable goods.............................................. 110 87 101 2.5 2.0 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 793 797 831 3.1 3.1 3.2

Wholesale trade................................................. 111 98 102 2.0 1.7 1.8

Retail trade....................................................... 566 564 593 3.8 3.8 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 115 134 136 2.3 2.7 2.7

Information.......................................................... 59 64 60 2.2 2.4 2.2

Financial activities................................................. 158 182 192 2.0 2.3 2.4

Finance and insurance......................................... 114 129 137 2.0 2.2 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 44 53 56 2.2 2.7 2.8

Professional and business services............................. 914 940 803 5.1 5.1 4.3

Education and health services................................... 489 491 516 2.4 2.4 2.5

Educational services............................................ 83 58 77 2.4 1.6 2.3

Health care and social assistance............................ 406 434 439 2.4 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 711 750 731 5.1 5.4 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 109 121 85 5.4 6.1 4.1

Accommodation and food services........................... 602 630 645 5.0 5.2 5.3

Other services...................................................... 198 187 200 3.6 3.4 3.6

Government........................................................... 369 216 316 1.7 1.0 1.4

Federal.............................................................. 29 39 31 1.0 1.4 1.1

State and local..................................................... 340 177 286 1.7 0.9 1.5

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 656 665 628 2.6 2.6 2.4

South................................................................... 1,745 1,675 1,705 3.6 3.4 3.4

Midwest................................................................ 952 841 949 3.1 2.7 3.1

West.................................................................... 918 992 903 3.1 3.3 3.0

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total...................................................................... 2,207 2,217 2,267 1.6 1.6 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 2,046 2,102 2,109 1.8 1.9 1.8

Mining and logging................................................ 15 14 14 1.8 1.6 1.6

Construction........................................................ 78 96 92 1.4 1.7 1.6

Manufacturing...................................................... 121 118 113 1.0 1.0 0.9

Durable goods................................................... 61 72 66 0.8 1.0 0.9

Nondurable goods.............................................. 60 46 48 1.3 1.0 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 456 476 454 1.8 1.9 1.8

Wholesale trade................................................. 56 65 50 1.0 1.1 0.9

Retail trade....................................................... 341 341 337 2.3 2.3 2.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 59 70 67 1.2 1.4 1.3

Information.......................................................... 34 37 31 1.3 1.4 1.2

Financial activities................................................. 84 100 110 1.1 1.3 1.4

Finance and insurance......................................... 61 75 78 1.1 1.3 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 23 25 32 1.2 1.3 1.6

Professional and business services............................. 436 431 419 2.4 2.3 2.3

Education and health services................................... 266 281 296 1.3 1.3 1.4

Educational services............................................ 29 28 39 0.8 0.8 1.1

Health care and social assistance............................ 237 252 257 1.4 1.5 1.5

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 458 463 475 3.3 3.3 3.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 51 38 37 2.5 1.9 1.7

Accommodation and food services........................... 408 425 438 3.4 3.5 3.6

Other services...................................................... 97 87 106 1.8 1.6 1.9

Government........................................................... 161 115 157 0.7 0.5 0.7

Federal.............................................................. 13 11 9 0.5 0.4 0.3

State and local..................................................... 148 104 148 0.8 0.5 0.8

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 299 310 323 1.2 1.2 1.3

South................................................................... 916 965 975 1.9 2.0 2.0

Midwest................................................................ 503 499 507 1.7 1.6 1.6

West.................................................................... 488 443 461 1.7 1.5 1.5

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total...................................................................... 1,736 1,614 1,549 1.3 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 1,591 1,556 1,456 1.4 1.4 1.3

Mining and logging................................................ 12 14 8 1.4 1.7 0.9

Construction........................................................ 218 178 157 3.9 3.1 2.7

Manufacturing...................................................... 100 89 108 0.8 0.7 0.9

Durable goods................................................... 57 58 69 0.8 0.8 0.9

Nondurable goods.............................................. 43 30 40 1.0 0.7 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 257 251 304 1.0 1.0 1.2

Wholesale trade................................................. 47 29 47 0.8 0.5 0.8

Retail trade....................................................... 170 175 205 1.1 1.2 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 40 47 53 0.8 0.9 1.0

Information.......................................................... 21 22 22 0.8 0.8 0.8

Financial activities................................................. 47 43 49 0.6 0.5 0.6

Finance and insurance......................................... 29 26 32 0.5 0.4 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 18 17 17 0.9 0.8 0.8

Professional and business services............................. 439 476 355 2.5 2.6 1.9

Education and health services................................... 188 142 145 0.9 0.7 0.7

Educational services............................................ 50 21 31 1.5 0.6 0.9

Health care and social assistance............................ 138 122 115 0.8 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 221 250 217 1.6 1.8 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 55 80 47 2.7 4.1 2.2

Accommodation and food services........................... 165 170 171 1.4 1.4 1.4

Other services...................................................... 89 92 89 1.6 1.7 1.6

Government........................................................... 145 59 93 0.7 0.3 0.4

Federal.............................................................. 6 18 9 0.2 0.6 0.3

State and local..................................................... 139 41 84 0.7 0.2 0.4

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 313 296 238 1.2 1.1 0.9

South................................................................... 708 589 586 1.4 1.2 1.2

Midwest................................................................ 377 267 378 1.2 0.9 1.2

West.................................................................... 338 463 347 1.1 1.6 1.2

1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013p

Total...................................................................... 327 341 370 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 265 300 304 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging................................................ 2 2 1 0.3 0.3 0.2

Construction........................................................ 9 13 17 0.2 0.2 0.3

Manufacturing...................................................... 25 23 26 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods................................................... 17 12 12 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods.............................................. 8 10 13 0.2 0.2 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 80 71 73 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................. 8 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1

Retail trade....................................................... 56 48 52 0.4 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 16 18 16 0.3 0.4 0.3

Information.......................................................... 4 5 7 0.1 0.2 0.3

Financial activities................................................. 27 39 34 0.3 0.5 0.4

Finance and insurance......................................... 24 28 27 0.4 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 3 11 7 0.2 0.6 0.4

Professional and business services............................. 39 33 29 0.2 0.2 0.2

Education and health services................................... 35 68 74 0.2 0.3 0.4

Educational services............................................ 4 8 7 0.1 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance............................ 30 60 67 0.2 0.3 0.4

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 32 38 38 0.2 0.3 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 3 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services........................... 29 35 36 0.2 0.3 0.3

Other services...................................................... 12 8 5 0.2 0.1 0.1

Government........................................................... 62 42 66 0.3 0.2 0.3

Federal.............................................................. 10 10 12 0.3 0.3 0.4

State and local..................................................... 53 32 54 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 44 59 66 0.2 0.2 0.3

South................................................................... 121 121 144 0.2 0.2 0.3

Midwest................................................................ 71 76 65 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................... 91 85 94 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.