For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, March 20, 2012 USDL-12-0493 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS —2011 

The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time 

since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—was 12.1 percent in 2011, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate for all veterans was 8.3 percent. 

Twenty-six percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported having a service-connected disability in 

August 2011, compared with about 14 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of 

about 60,000 households that provides information on employment and unemployment in the United 

States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; those monthly data are the source of the 

2011 annual averages presented in this release. In August 2011, a supplement to the CPS collected 

additional information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability. Information from 

the supplement is also presented in this release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. 

Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and 

Training Service. For more information, see the Technical Note, which provides definitions of terms 

used in this release. 

Highlights from the 2011 data: 

 The unemployment rate of veterans in 2011 (8.3 percent) was not statistically different from the 

rate in 2010 (8.7 percent). The rate for Gulf War-era II veterans also was little different from a 

year earlier. (See table A.) 

 Young male veterans (those ages 18 to 24) who served during Gulf War era II had an 

unemployment rate of 29.1 percent in 2011, higher than that of young male nonveterans (17.6 

percent). (See table 2B.) 

 Among all veterans, those with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 8.5 

percent in August 2011, about the same as the rate for veterans with no disability (7.9 percent). 

(See table 6.) 

 One in three employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public sector 

in August 2011, compared with about 1 in 5 veterans with no disability. (See table 7.) 
- 2 - 

 Gulf War-era II veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard 

had an unemployment rate of 9.1 percent in August 2011, little different than the rate for those 

veterans who had not been members (11.0 percent). (See table 8.) 

 Gulf War-era II veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both had an unemployment rate of 

11.6 percent in August 2011. (See table 9.) 

The Veteran Population 

In 2011, 21.6 million men and women in the civilian noninstitutional population ages 18 and over were 

veterans. (See table 1.) In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously 

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time of the survey. 

Veterans are more likely to be men and older than nonveterans. In part, this reflects the characteristics of 

veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Veterans who served 

during these wartime periods account for about one-half (10.4 million) of the total veteran population. A 

total of 5.3 million veterans served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War 

era II (September 2001 forward). Another 5.9 million served outside these designated wartime periods. 

Because age and other demographic differences affect labor force status, the next sections focus on 

veterans by period of service. 

Gulf War-era II Veterans 

In 2011, about 2.4 million of the nation's veterans had served during Gulf War era II. About 17 percent 

of these veterans were women, compared with 3 percent of veterans from World War II, the Korean 

War, and the Vietnam era. About half of all Gulf War-era II veterans were between the ages of 25 and 

34. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men was 12.0 percent in 2011, little 

different from the rate for women (12.4 percent). (See table 1.) 

The unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans age 18 to 24, at 29.1 percent, was higher than 

that for nonveterans of the same age group (17.6 percent). The rate for male veterans age 25 to 34 also 

was higher than the rate for their nonveteran counterparts (13.4 and 9.5 percent, respectively). For those 

age 35 and over, the unemployment rates of male veterans and nonveterans generally were little 

different. (See table 2B.) 

Veterans of Gulf War era II and nonveterans had similar occupational profiles in 2011 after accounting 

for gender. About one-third of the employed men in both groups worked in management and 

professional occupations, a higher proportion than in any other major occupational group. Among 

employed women, about 49 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans and 41 percent of nonveterans worked 

in management and professional occupations. (See table 4.) 

Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public sector in 2011 as were 

nonveterans—27 percent and 14 percent, respectively. About 14 percent of employed veterans of the era 

worked for the federal government, compared with about 2 percent of employed nonveterans. 

(See table 5.) 
- 3 - 

In August 2011, approximately 38 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported that they had served in 

Iraq, Afghanistan, or both. (Some veterans did not report their location of service.) These veterans had 

an unemployment rate of 11.6 percent, not statistically different from Gulf War-era II veterans who 

served elsewhere (8.6 percent). (See table 9.) 

Gulf War-era I Veterans 

For the 2.9 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001), the 

proportion that were women (16 percent in 2011) was similar to that of Gulf War-era II veterans. About 

87 percent of the era's veterans were age 35 and over, compared with 36 percent of Gulf War-era II 

veterans. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

The labor force participation rate of male veterans from Gulf War era I was 85.7 percent in 2011, little 

different than the rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans (83.5 percent). The unemployment rate for male 

Gulf War-era I veterans (7.1 percent) was lower than the rate for Gulf War-era II veterans (12.0 

percent). This difference in the unemployment rate reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of 

veterans who served during Gulf War era I. Unemployment rates of Gulf War-era I veterans were not 

statistically different from those of nonveterans of the same gender and age group. 

Veterans of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam Era 

In 2011, about 10.4 million veterans responded that they had served during World War II, the Korean 

War, or the Vietnam era. Nearly all of these veterans were at least 55 years old, and more than half were 

at least 65 years old. Nearly all (97 percent) of these veterans were men. In 2011, just over one-third of 

male veterans of these wartime periods were in the labor force, and their unemployment rate was 7.6 

percent. Male veterans of these wartime periods had lower labor force participation rates compared with 

male nonveterans in the same age categories. (See tables 1 and 2B.) 

Veterans of Other Service Periods 

In 2011, about 5.9 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly 

between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I. 

Because these veterans served between the major wartime periods, which span several decades, this 

group is concentrated in two age ranges. About 43 percent of these veterans were 45 to 54 years old, and 

another 38 percent were 65 years and over. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

Nine in 10 veterans of other service periods were men. Among most age groups, male veterans of 

service periods between the designated wartime periods had labor force participation rates and 

unemployment rates that were not statistically different than those of male nonveterans. 

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability 

In August 2011, about 3.0 million veterans, or 14 percent of the total, reported having a serviceconnected disability. (Some veterans did not report whether they had a service-connected disability.) 

Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the U.S. Department of 

Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments 

of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 6.) 
- 4 - 

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, about 4 in 10 reported a disability rating of less 

than 30 percent, while about 3 in 10 had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2011, 60.3 percent 

of veterans with a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were in the labor force, 

compared with 26.6 percent for those with a rating of 60 percent or higher. 

Among veterans who served in Gulf War-era II, about 1 in 4 (633,000) reported having a serviceconnected disability. Of these, 80.0 percent were in the labor force in August 2011, compared with 83.7 

percent of veterans from this period with no service-connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II 

veterans, the unemployment rate of those with a disability was 12.1 percent, not statistically different 

from those with no disability (9.5 percent). 

In August 2011, 19.5 percent (586,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported a serviceconnected disability. Their labor force participation rate (69.6 percent) was lower than the rate for 

veterans from the era who did not have a disability (88.2 percent). Unemployment rates for Gulf Warera I veterans with and without service-connected disabilities were little different (7.1 and 6.9 percent, 

respectively). 

Among the 1.2 million veterans with a service-connected disability from World War II, the Korean War, 

and the Vietnam era, 20.9 percent were in the labor force in August 2011, compared with 35.5 percent of 

veterans from these periods who did not have a service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of 

veterans with a disability from these wartime periods was 3.1 percent, below the rate for their 

counterparts with no disability (8.2 percent). 

Veterans with a service-connected disability from other service periods had a labor force participation 

rate of 53.1 percent in August 2011, compared with 56.8 percent for veterans with no disability from 

these periods. Among veterans from other service periods, the unemployment rates of veterans with and 

without service-connected disabilities were not statistically different—9.4 and 7.5 percent, respectively. 

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public 

sector. In August 2011, 34 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked in federal, state, or 

local government, compared with 19 percent of veterans with no disability and 14 percent of 

nonveterans. About 18 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked for the federal 

government, compared with 6 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. 

(See table 7.) 

Reserve and National Guard Membership 

About 30 percent of both Gulf War-era I and Gulf War-era II veterans were reported to be current or 

past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, those who were 

current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate of 9.1 percent in 

August 2011, little different from those who had never been members (11.0 percent). Gulf War-era II 

veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had a higher labor force 

participation rate than those who had never been members. For veterans of Gulf War-era I, labor force 

participation rates as well as unemployment rates were similar for members and nonmembers. 

(See table 8.) 
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,

period of service, and sex, 2010-2011 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service

2010 2011

Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 22,011 20,225 1,786 21,613 19,812 1,801

Civilian labor force................................................... 11,758 10,650 1,108 11,320 10,204 1,116

Participation rate................................................... 53.4 52.7 62.1 52.4 51.5 62.0

Employed........................................................... 10,738 9,717 1,021 10,375 9,360 1,015

Employment-population ratio.................................. 48.8 48.0 57.2 48.0 47.2 56.3

Unemployed........................................................ 1,020 933 87 945 844 101

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.7 8.8 7.9 8.3 8.3 9.1

Not in labor force..................................................... 10,253 9,575 678 10,293 9,608 685

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 2,169 1,800 369 2,387 1,982 405

Civilian labor force................................................... 1,783 1,523 260 1,937 1,656 281

Participation rate................................................... 82.2 84.6 70.6 81.2 83.5 69.5

Employed........................................................... 1,577 1,348 229 1,704 1,457 246

Employment-population ratio.................................. 72.7 74.9 62.2 71.4 73.5 60.9

Unemployed........................................................ 205 174 31 234 199 35

Unemployment rate............................................. 11.5 11.4 12.0 12.1 12.0 12.4

Not in labor force..................................................... 386 278 108 450 327 123

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 206,875 90,409 116,466 209,278 92,019 117,259

Civilian labor force................................................... 140,130 70,345 69,785 140,424 70,854 69,570

Participation rate................................................... 67.7 77.8 59.9 67.1 77.0 59.3

Employed........................................................... 126,908 62,967 63,941 128,140 64,280 63,859

Employment-population ratio.................................. 61.3 69.6 54.9 61.2 69.9 54.5

Unemployed........................................................ 13,222 7,378 5,844 12,284 6,573 5,710

Unemployment rate............................................. 9.4 10.5 8.4 8.7 9.3 8.2

Not in labor force..................................................... 66,745 20,064 46,681 68,854 21,166 47,689

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces.
Technical Note 

The data in this release were collected through the 

Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a monthly 

survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by 

the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor 

Statistics—obtains information on employment and 

unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional 

population age 16 and over. 

Most of the data in this release are annual averages for 

2011, compiled from the results of the monthly survey. 

Some of the data, such as those related to service-connected 

disability and Reserve or National Guard status, are from 

special questions asked as part of the latest veterans 

supplement to the CPS, which was conducted in August 

2011. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. 

Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department 

of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. 

Questions were asked of persons 17 years of age and older 

regarding their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data 

are tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older. 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

Definitions 

The definitions underlying the data in this release are 

as follows: 

Veterans are men and women who previously served 

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were 

civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the 

Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they 

had ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on 

active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of 

the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as are 

persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes 

and prisons. 

Nonveterans are men and women who never served on 

active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. 

World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf 

War-era veterans are men and women who served in the 

Armed Forces during these periods, regardless of where 

they served. Veterans who served in more than one wartime 

period are classified in the most recent one. 

Veterans of other service periods are men and women 

who served in the Armed Forces at any time other than 

World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf 

War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in 

several armed conflicts during other service periods, these 

conflicts were more limited in scope and included a smaller 

proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime 

periods. Veterans who served during one of the selected 

wartime periods and during another period are classified in 

the wartime period. 

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the 

question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. 

Armed Forces?" 

Period of service is obtained from answers to the 

question asked of veterans, "When did you serve on active 

duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following service 

periods are identified: 

Gulf War era II — September 2001-present 

Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001 

Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975 

Korean War — July 1950-January 1955 

World War II — December 1941-December 1946 

Other service periods — All other time periods 

Period-of-service definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program 

needs of the survey sponsors. 

Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are 

individuals who served in Iraq at any time since March 

2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in 

both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined 

by answers to two questions, "Did you serve in Iraq, off the 

coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time 

since March 2003?" and, "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or 

did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since 

October 2001?" 

Presence of service-connected disability is determined 

by answers to the question, "Has the Department of 

Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) 

determined that you have a service-connected disability, 

that is, a health condition or impairment caused or made 

worse by any of your military service?" 

Service-connected disability rating is based on 

answers to the question, "What is your current serviceconnected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 

100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings 

are determined by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule 

published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38, 

"Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—

"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is 

"primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting 

from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a 

result of or incident to military service. The percentage 

ratings represent as far as can practicably be determined the 

average impairment in earning capacity resulting from such 

diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil 

occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of 

possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 

percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders. 
Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from 

answers to two questions. Gulf War-era veterans were 

asked: "Was any of your active service the result of a callup from the Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was 

no, they were asked, "Have you ever been a member of the 

Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes' response to either 

question classified persons as "Current or past member of 

the Reserve or National Guard." A 'no' response to the latter 

question classified persons as "Never a member of the 

Reserve or National Guard." These questions were asked 

only of Gulf War-era veterans. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather 

than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance 

that the sample estimates will differ from the "true" 

population values they represent. The exact difference, or 

sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the standard 

error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or 

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" 

population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses 

are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. 

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including 

the failure to sample a segment of the population, the 

inability to obtain information for all respondents in the 

sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information, and errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data. 

For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the 

CPS and information on estimating standard errors, see the 

explanatory note for the household survey available online 

at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf. 
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 230,891 151,743 65.7 138,515 60.0 13,229 8.7 79,147

Veterans.................................................. 21,613 11,320 52.4 10,375 48.0 945 8.3 10,293

Gulf War era, total.................................... 5,323 4,397 82.6 3,992 75.0 405 9.2 925

Gulf War era II...................................... 2,387 1,937 81.2 1,704 71.4 234 12.1 450

Gulf War era I...................................... 2,936 2,460 83.8 2,289 78.0 172 7.0 476

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 10,436 3,549 34.0 3,280 31.4 269 7.6 6,887

Other service periods................................ 5,853 3,374 57.6 3,102 53.0 271 8.0 2,480

Nonveterans.............................................. 209,278 140,424 67.1 128,140 61.2 12,284 8.7 68,854

Men

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 111,831 81,058 72.5 73,641 65.8 7,417 9.2 30,773

Veterans.................................................. 19,812 10,204 51.5 9,360 47.2 844 8.3 9,608

Gulf War era, total.................................... 4,457 3,777 84.7 3,428 76.9 349 9.2 680

Gulf War era II...................................... 1,982 1,656 83.5 1,457 73.5 199 12.0 327

Gulf War era I...................................... 2,475 2,121 85.7 1,971 79.6 150 7.1 353

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 10,106 3,441 34.0 3,181 31.5 260 7.6 6,665

Other service periods................................ 5,248 2,986 56.9 2,751 52.4 235 7.9 2,262

Nonveterans.............................................. 92,019 70,854 77.0 64,280 69.9 6,573 9.3 21,166

Women

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 119,060 70,685 59.4 64,874 54.5 5,811 8.2 48,374

Veterans.................................................. 1,801 1,116 62.0 1,015 56.3 101 9.1 685

Gulf War era, total.................................... 865 620 71.7 564 65.2 56 9.1 245

Gulf War era II...................................... 405 281 69.5 246 60.9 35 12.4 123

Gulf War era I...................................... 461 339 73.5 318 68.9 21 6.3 122

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 330 108 32.7 99 30.1 9 7.9 222

Other service periods................................ 605 388 64.1 351 58.1 36 9.4 217

Nonveterans.............................................. 117,259 69,570 59.3 63,859 54.5 5,710 8.2 47,689

White

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 186,403 122,998 66.0 113,501 60.9 9,497 7.7 63,405

Veterans.................................................. 18,463 9,449 51.2 8,709 47.2 740 7.8 9,014

Gulf War era, total.................................... 4,176 3,498 83.8 3,199 76.6 299 8.5 678

Gulf War era II...................................... 1,865 1,531 82.1 1,357 72.7 174 11.4 335

Gulf War era I...................................... 2,310 1,967 85.1 1,842 79.7 125 6.3 343

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 9,365 3,176 33.9 2,941 31.4 235 7.4 6,189

Other service periods................................ 4,923 2,775 56.4 2,568 52.2 207 7.4 2,147

Nonveterans.............................................. 167,941 113,550 67.6 104,792 62.4 8,757 7.7 54,391

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 27,799 17,732 63.8 14,988 53.9 2,743 15.5 10,068

Veterans.................................................. 2,349 1,389 59.1 1,233 52.5 156 11.2 960

Gulf War era, total.................................... 855 676 79.0 595 69.6 81 11.9 180

Gulf War era II...................................... 394 316 80.1 271 68.7 45 14.3 78

Gulf War era I...................................... 462 360 78.0 325 70.3 35 9.8 101

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 782 254 32.5 229 29.3 25 9.9 528

Other service periods................................ 712 459 64.5 409 57.5 50 10.9 253

Nonveterans.............................................. 25,450 16,343 64.2 13,755 54.0 2,588 15.8 9,107

Asian

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 11,066 7,303 66.0 6,796 61.4 507 6.9 3,763

Veterans.................................................. 262 154 58.9 147 56.1 7 4.8 108

Gulf War era, total.................................... 94 75 80.2 72 76.3 4 4.9 19

Gulf War era II...................................... 47 35 75.4 33 70.0 3 7.1 12

Gulf War era I...................................... 47 40 85.1 39 82.6 1 3.0 7
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 111 40 35.8 39 35.0 1 2.1 72

Other service periods................................ 57 39 68.8 36 63.9 3 7.2 18

Nonveterans.............................................. 10,804 7,149 66.2 6,650 61.5 499 7.0 3,656

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 32,570 22,572 69.3 20,048 61.6 2,524 11.2 9,999

Veterans.................................................. 1,259 847 67.2 764 60.6 83 9.8 413

Gulf War era, total.................................... 547 464 84.7 406 74.2 57 12.4 84

Gulf War era II...................................... 287 239 83.4 199 69.3 41 17.0 48

Gulf War era I...................................... 260 224 86.2 207 79.7 17 7.5 36

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 384 148 38.6 138 36.0 10 6.6 236

Other service periods................................ 328 235 71.6 219 66.8 16 6.7 93

Nonveterans.............................................. 31,311 21,725 69.4 19,284 61.6 2,441 11.2 9,586

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July

1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans

who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black

or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino

may be of any race.
Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2011

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent oflabor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,613 11,320 52.4 10,375 48.0 945 8.3 10,293

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 213 71.4 149 49.8 64 30.2 85

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,590 1,318 82.9 1,160 73.0 158 12.0 272

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,364 2,090 88.4 1,940 82.1 150 7.2 274

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,636 2,989 82.2 2,761 75.9 228 7.6 647

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,084 2,976 58.5 2,747 54.0 229 7.7 2,108

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,640 1,733 20.1 1,618 18.7 115 6.7 6,907

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,323 4,397 82.6 3,992 75.0 405 9.2 925

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 213 71.4 149 49.8 64 30.2 85

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,590 1,318 82.9 1,160 73.0 158 12.0 272

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,874 1,665 88.8 1,546 82.5 119 7.1 209

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025 871 85.0 826 80.5 45 5.2 154

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 298 68.3 281 64.4 17 5.7 138

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 33 33.1 30 30.7 2 – 66

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,387 1,937 81.2 1,704 71.4 234 12.1 450

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 213 71.4 149 49.8 64 30.2 85

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,218 1,000 82.1 870 71.4 130 13.0 218

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 358 86.9 337 81.7 22 6.0 54

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 287 84.6 275 81.2 12 4.1 52

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 71 69.3 66 63.9 6 7.8 32

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7 – 7 – 0 – 8

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,936 2,460 83.8 2,289 78.0 172 7.0 476

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 318 85.6 290 78.1 28 8.7 54

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,462 1,306 89.4 1,209 82.7 97 7.4 155

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 584 85.1 551 80.2 33 5.7 102

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 226 68.0 215 64.6 11 5.0 106

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 25 30.5 24 28.3 2 – 58

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,436 3,549 34.0 3,280 31.4 269 7.6 6,887

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 60 70.2 54 62.3 7 11.3 26

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,032 2,258 56.0 2,077 51.5 180 8.0 1,774

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,319 1,231 19.5 1,149 18.2 81 6.6 5,088

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,853 3,374 57.6 3,102 53.0 271 8.0 2,480

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 426 86.9 395 80.5 31 7.3 64

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,525 2,058 81.5 1,882 74.5 176 8.6 467

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616 420 68.2 388 63.0 32 7.6 196

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,222 470 21.1 438 19.7 32 6.7 1,753

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209,278 140,424 67.1 128,140 61.2 12,284 8.7 68,854

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,172 18,910 64.8 15,859 54.4 3,051 16.1 10,262

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,774 32,406 81.5 29,377 73.9 3,030 9.3 7,367

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,135 30,569 82.3 28,330 76.3 2,239 7.3 6,565

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,209 32,373 80.5 30,106 74.9 2,267 7.0 7,836

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,905 20,791 65.2 19,439 60.9 1,352 6.5 11,114

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,084 5,374 17.3 5,029 16.2 345 6.4 25,710

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf

War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other

service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime

period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no

data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2011

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent oflabor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,812 10,204 51.5 9,360 47.2 844 8.3 9,608

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 179 71.6 127 50.8 52 29.1 71

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,322 1,136 86.0 996 75.3 141 12.4 186

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,985 1,786 89.9 1,661 83.7 125 7.0 200

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,146 2,621 83.3 2,424 77.1 196 7.5 525

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,749 2,786 58.7 2,569 54.1 217 7.8 1,963

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,360 1,697 20.3 1,583 18.9 113 6.7 6,663

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,457 3,777 84.7 3,428 76.9 349 9.2 680

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 179 71.6 127 50.8 52 29.1 71

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,322 1,136 86.0 996 75.3 141 12.4 186

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568 1,416 90.3 1,315 83.9 100 7.1 152

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872 761 87.2 722 82.8 38 5.0 112

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 255 71.6 239 67.2 15 6.0 101

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 30 34.2 28 31.7 2 – 59

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,982 1,656 83.5 1,457 73.5 199 12.0 327

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 179 71.6 127 50.8 52 29.1 71

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,012 864 85.3 748 73.9 115 13.4 148

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 290 88.1 273 82.7 18 6.1 39

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 254 87.6 245 84.6 9 3.4 36

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 62 72.3 57 67.0 5 7.4 24

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7 – 6 – 0 – 8

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,475 2,121 85.7 1,971 79.6 150 7.1 353

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 273 88.0 247 79.8 25 9.3 37

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,238 1,126 90.9 1,043 84.2 83 7.4 113

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 507 87.0 477 81.9 30 5.9 76

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 193 71.3 182 67.3 11 5.6 78

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 23 31.8 22 29.4 2 – 50

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,106 3,441 34.0 3,181 31.5 260 7.6 6,665

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 57 69.5 51 61.2 7 11.9 25

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,877 2,171 56.0 1,997 51.5 173 8.0 1,707

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,146 1,213 19.7 1,133 18.4 80 6.6 4,933

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,248 2,986 56.9 2,751 52.4 235 7.9 2,262

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 370 88.6 346 82.8 24 6.5 48

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,191 1,802 82.3 1,651 75.4 151 8.4 388

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 360 70.0 332 64.5 29 7.9 155

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,125 453 21.3 422 19.9 31 6.9 1,672

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,019 70,854 77.0 64,280 69.9 6,573 9.3 21,166

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,689 9,900 67.4 8,158 55.5 1,742 17.6 4,789

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,388 17,333 89.4 15,678 80.9 1,654 9.5 2,056

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,461 15,900 91.1 14,709 84.2 1,191 7.5 1,560

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,308 15,865 86.7 14,689 80.2 1,176 7.4 2,443

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,064 9,567 73.2 8,900 68.1 667 7.0 3,497

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,109 2,289 25.1 2,147 23.6 143 6.2 6,820

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf

War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other

service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime

period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no

data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2011

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent oflabor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,801 1,116 62.0 1,015 56.3 101 9.1 685

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 35 70.4 22 45.0 12 36.1 15

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 182 67.8 165 61.5 17 9.2 86

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 305 80.5 279 73.7 26 8.4 74

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 369 75.2 337 68.7 32 8.7 122

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 190 56.6 178 53.0 12 6.4 146

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 37 13.1 35 12.3 2 5.7 243

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 620 71.7 564 65.2 56 9.1 245

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 35 70.4 22 45.0 12 36.1 15

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 182 67.8 165 61.5 17 9.2 86

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 249 81.2 230 75.2 18 7.4 57

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 110 72.1 103 67.6 7 6.2 43

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 43 53.9 41 51.9 2 3.6 37

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 – 2 – 0 – 8

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 281 69.5 246 60.9 35 12.4 123

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 35 70.4 22 45.0 12 36.1 15

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 136 66.1 122 59.0 14 10.6 70

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 68 82.2 64 77.4 4 5.9 15

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 33 66.9 30 60.6 3 – 16

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 10 – 9 – 1 – 8

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 339 73.5 318 68.9 21 6.3 122

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 45 73.5 43 69.7 2 5.1 16

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 181 80.9 166 74.4 14 8.0 43

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 77 74.5 74 70.9 4 4.9 26

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 33 53.6 33 52.8 1 – 29

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 – 2 – 0 – 8

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 108 32.7 99 30.1 9 7.9 222

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 – 3 – 0 – 0

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 87 56.3 80 51.8 7 8.0 67

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 18 10.5 17 9.6 2 – 155

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 388 64.1 351 58.1 36 9.4 217

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 56 77.2 49 67.4 7 12.7 17

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 255 76.5 230 69.0 25 9.9 78

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 60 59.2 56 55.7 4 5.9 41

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 16 16.7 16 16.3 0 – 81

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,259 69,570 59.3 63,859 54.5 5,710 8.2 47,689

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,483 9,010 62.2 7,701 53.2 1,309 14.5 5,473

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,385 15,074 73.9 13,699 67.2 1,375 9.1 5,311

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,674 14,669 74.6 13,621 69.2 1,047 7.1 5,005

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,901 16,508 75.4 15,417 70.4 1,091 6.6 5,393

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,841 11,224 59.6 10,539 55.9 685 6.1 7,617

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,975 3,085 14.0 2,883 13.1 202 6.6 18,890

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf

War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other

service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime

period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no

data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational

attainment, 2011 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status,

period of service, and educational attainment

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 21,314 11,106 52.1 10,226 48.0 880 7.9 10,207

Less than a high school diploma...................... 1,376 287 20.8 250 18.2 36 12.7 1,090

High school graduates, no college.................... 6,853 3,292 48.0 2,988 43.6 304 9.2 3,561

Some college or associate degree.................... 7,288 4,188 57.5 3,821 52.4 367 8.8 3,100

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 5,797 3,340 57.6 3,167 54.6 173 5.2 2,456

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 5,024 4,184 83.3 3,843 76.5 341 8.1 840

Less than a high school diploma...................... 61 41 67.2 35 57.7 6 14.2 20

High school graduates, no college.................... 1,329 1,100 82.8 989 74.4 111 10.1 229

Some college or associate degree.................... 2,142 1,754 81.9 1,593 74.3 161 9.2 389

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 1,492 1,289 86.4 1,226 82.2 63 4.9 202

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 2,088 1,724 82.5 1,555 74.4 169 9.8 365

Less than a high school diploma...................... 24 16 – 15 – 1 – 8

High school graduates, no college.................... 525 430 82.0 377 71.8 54 12.5 94

Some college or associate degree.................... 935 739 79.0 658 70.4 81 11.0 196

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 605 538 89.0 505 83.5 33 6.1 67

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 2,936 2,460 83.8 2,289 78.0 172 7.0 476

Less than a high school diploma...................... 37 24 66.4 20 54.7 4 – 12

High school graduates, no college.................... 805 670 83.2 613 76.1 57 8.5 135

Some college or associate degree.................... 1,208 1,015 84.0 935 77.4 80 7.8 193

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 887 751 84.7 721 81.3 30 4.1 136

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 10,436 3,549 34.0 3,280 31.4 269 7.6 6,887

Less than a high school diploma...................... 935 132 14.1 119 12.8 12 9.2 803

High school graduates, no college.................... 3,430 1,035 30.2 946 27.6 89 8.6 2,395

Some college or associate degree.................... 3,171 1,194 37.7 1,094 34.5 100 8.4 1,977

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 2,901 1,189 41.0 1,122 38.7 67 5.6 1,712

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 5,853 3,374 57.6 3,102 53.0 271 8.0 2,480

Less than a high school diploma...................... 381 114 30.0 96 25.1 18 16.1 266

High school graduates, no college.................... 2,094 1,157 55.3 1,053 50.3 104 9.0 937

Some college or associate degree.................... 1,975 1,240 62.8 1,134 57.4 106 8.5 735

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 1,404 862 61.4 819 58.3 43 5.0 542

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 180,106 121,513 67.5 112,281 62.3 9,233 7.6 58,593

Less than a high school diploma...................... 23,651 11,218 47.4 9,637 40.7 1,581 14.1 12,433

High school graduates, no college.................... 55,035 34,040 61.9 30,826 56.0 3,214 9.4 20,994

Some college or associate degree.................... 45,995 32,810 71.3 30,223 65.7 2,587 7.9 13,185

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 55,426 43,446 78.4 41,595 75.0 1,850 4.3 11,981

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July

1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans

who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet

publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2011

annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)..................................................... 10,375 3,992 1,704 2,289 3,280 3,102 128,140

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed....................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations......................... 37.6 37.6 35.1 39.4 40.3 34.6 37.9

Management, business, and financial operations occupations........... 18.1 16.6 14.8 17.9 21.6 16.4 15.4

Professional and related occupations........................................ 19.5 21.0 20.2 21.5 18.8 18.2 22.5

Service occupations.............................................................. 14.5 17.2 19.0 15.8 11.6 14.2 17.7

Sales and office occupations.................................................... 16.9 16.7 16.9 16.5 17.2 17.0 24.1

Sales and related occupations................................................ 8.8 7.5 7.4 7.6 10.9 8.2 11.0

Office and administrative support occupations............................. 8.2 9.2 9.5 8.9 6.3 8.9 13.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations............ 14.0 14.3 16.1 13.0 12.8 15.0 9.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................................. 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.7

Construction and extraction occupations.................................... 6.0 5.6 6.2 5.2 5.7 6.7 5.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations......................... 7.7 8.4 9.6 7.5 6.5 8.0 3.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............... 16.9 14.2 13.0 15.2 18.1 19.2 11.4

Production occupations........................................................ 7.3 7.0 6.2 7.6 6.8 8.2 5.8

Transportation and material moving occupations.......................... 9.7 7.2 6.8 7.6 11.4 11.0 5.6

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)..................................................... 9,360 3,428 1,457 1,971 3,181 2,751 64,280

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed....................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations......................... 36.4 35.9 32.8 38.2 40.1 32.9 34.3

Management, business, and financial operations occupations........... 18.2 16.5 14.4 18.1 21.8 16.1 16.4

Professional and related occupations........................................ 18.2 19.4 18.4 20.1 18.3 16.8 17.9

Service occupations.............................................................. 14.5 17.3 19.7 15.5 11.7 14.1 14.5

Sales and office occupations.................................................... 15.6 14.7 15.1 14.3 16.7 15.4 16.8

Sales and related occupations................................................ 9.0 7.6 7.5 7.7 11.0 8.3 10.5

Office and administrative support occupations............................. 6.6 7.0 7.6 6.6 5.7 7.1 6.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations............ 15.4 16.4 18.3 14.9 13.1 16.8 17.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................................. 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 1.1

Construction and extraction occupations.................................... 6.6 6.4 7.0 6.1 5.9 7.5 9.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations......................... 8.4 9.6 11.0 8.6 6.6 8.9 6.1

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............... 18.2 15.8 14.0 17.0 18.5 20.8 17.3

Production occupations........................................................ 7.7 7.6 6.7 8.4 6.9 8.8 7.9

Transportation and material moving occupations.......................... 10.4 8.1 7.4 8.6 11.6 12.0 9.4

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)..................................................... 1,015 564 246 318 99 351 63,859

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed....................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations......................... 48.0 47.8 48.5 47.3 49.7 48.0 41.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations........... 17.4 17.1 17.5 16.8 15.0 18.6 14.3

Professional and related occupations........................................ 30.6 30.7 31.0 30.4 34.7 29.4 27.1

Service occupations.............................................................. 15.1 16.4 14.7 17.7 9.0 14.6 20.9

Sales and office occupations.................................................... 29.7 28.9 27.3 30.1 32.4 30.2 31.4

Sales and related occupations................................................ 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.9 9.2 6.9 11.4

Office and administrative support occupations............................. 22.7 22.2 20.9 23.2 23.2 23.2 19.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations............ 1.6 1.9 2.8 1.1 1.9 1.0 0.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.3

Construction and extraction occupations.................................... 0.6 0.7 1.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations......................... 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.4 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............... 5.7 5.1 6.8 3.8 7.1 6.3 5.4
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2011

annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Production occupations........................................................ 3.1 3.0 3.4 2.8 2.5 3.4 3.6

Transportation and material moving occupations.......................... 2.6 2.1 3.4 1.0 4.6 2.9 1.9

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July

1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans

who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system

is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with

earlier years.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2011 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 10,375 3,992 1,704 2,289 3,280 3,102 128,140

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1

................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries........................... 2.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 3.7 1.8 1.5

Wage and salary workers2

................................ 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.7 1.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.6 1.1 0.6

Nonagricultural industries.................................... 98.0 99.3 99.2 99.3 96.3 98.2 98.5

Wage and salary workers2

................................ 91.1 96.3 97.0 95.9 84.8 91.1 92.3

Private industries......................................... 69.5 69.9 69.8 69.9 67.7 70.8 78.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction...... 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.5

Construction............................................ 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.4 6.4 5.0

Manufacturing.......................................... 13.0 12.2 10.5 13.4 12.8 14.2 9.8

Wholesale trade....................................... 2.8 2.3 1.6 2.9 3.4 2.7 2.6

Retail trade............................................. 8.2 7.1 8.6 6.1 9.2 8.4 10.8

Transportation and utilities........................... 7.1 6.1 5.7 6.4 7.0 8.4 3.7

Information............................................. 2.4 3.0 2.4 3.4 2.0 2.2 2.0

Financial activities..................................... 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.3 5.1 4.2 6.3

Professional and business services................. 10.1 12.0 12.2 11.8 8.9 8.9 9.6

Education and health services....................... 8.2 9.1 8.5 9.6 7.4 7.9 15.2

Leisure and hospitality................................ 4.0 4.5 5.6 3.7 3.3 4.0 8.3

Other services......................................... 3.1 3.1 3.9 2.5 3.3 3.0 4.2

Government............................................... 21.7 26.5 27.2 25.9 17.1 20.3 14.3

Federal.................................................. 8.9 12.4 14.2 11.1 5.9 7.6 2.1

State.................................................... 5.0 5.7 5.7 5.8 4.4 4.7 4.5

Local.................................................... 7.8 8.4 7.3 9.1 6.8 7.9 7.7

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 6.8 2.9 2.2 3.4 11.4 7.1 6.1

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 9,360 3,428 1,457 1,971 3,181 2,751 64,280

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1

................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries........................... 2.1 0.8 0.9 0.7 3.7 2.0 2.2

Wage and salary workers2................................ 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.8 1.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 1.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 2.7 1.2 0.8

Nonagricultural industries.................................... 97.9 99.2 99.1 99.3 96.3 98.0 97.8

Wage and salary workers2................................ 90.6 96.3 96.9 96.0 84.6 90.3 90.7

Private industries......................................... 69.8 70.1 69.4 70.7 68.0 71.4 79.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction...... 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.9

Construction............................................ 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.7 4.5 6.9 9.0

Manufacturing.......................................... 13.6 13.1 11.1 14.5 13.0 15.0 13.5

Wholesale trade....................................... 2.9 2.5 1.7 3.1 3.5 2.8 3.6

Retail trade............................................. 8.2 7.2 8.6 6.2 9.2 8.3 10.6

Transportation and utilities........................... 7.6 6.7 6.4 7.0 7.2 9.1 5.6

Information............................................. 2.5 3.2 2.5 3.7 2.1 2.2 2.3

Financial activities..................................... 4.4 4.1 4.2 3.9 5.1 4.1 5.2

Professional and business services................. 10.2 12.2 12.8 11.9 9.1 8.9 10.7

Education and health services....................... 6.6 6.9 6.1 7.5 6.8 6.1 6.6

Leisure and hospitality................................ 3.9 4.4 5.6 3.5 3.3 4.1 7.9

Other services......................................... 3.2 3.0 3.7 2.5 3.4 3.2 3.8

Government............................................... 20.8 26.2 27.5 25.2 16.6 18.9 11.0

Federal.................................................. 8.5 12.3 14.3 10.8 5.7 7.0 2.0

State.................................................... 4.8 5.7 6.0 5.5 4.3 4.4 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2011 annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Local.................................................... 7.5 8.2 7.2 8.9 6.7 7.6 5.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 7.2 2.9 2.3 3.3 11.6 7.6 7.0

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 1,015 564 246 318 99 351 63,859

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1

................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries........................... 0.7 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.9 0.3 0.8

Wage and salary workers2................................ 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.3

Nonagricultural industries.................................... 99.3 99.3 99.6 99.0 98.1 99.7 99.2

Wage and salary workers2

................................ 96.1 96.4 97.7 95.4 91.5 96.9 93.9

Private industries......................................... 66.7 68.2 72.2 65.1 59.1 66.3 76.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction...... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1

Construction............................................ 1.3 0.9 1.6 0.3 1.5 2.0 1.1

Manufacturing.......................................... 7.1 6.9 7.0 6.7 5.0 8.0 6.1

Wholesale trade....................................... 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.0 2.0 1.6

Retail trade............................................. 7.6 6.6 8.6 5.0 8.3 9.1 11.1

Transportation and utilities........................... 2.4 2.1 1.6 2.4 3.2 2.9 1.8

Information............................................. 1.9 1.9 2.3 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.6

Financial activities..................................... 6.1 7.0 7.6 6.5 6.4 4.6 7.3

Professional and business services................. 8.9 10.3 9.0 11.3 3.2 8.2 8.5

Education and health services....................... 22.6 22.6 22.7 22.4 25.3 22.0 23.8

Leisure and hospitality................................ 4.4 5.2 5.3 5.1 2.8 3.5 8.7

Other services......................................... 2.8 3.6 5.3 2.3 2.1 1.6 4.5

Government............................................... 29.4 28.1 25.4 30.2 32.4 30.6 17.7

Federal.................................................. 12.9 12.9 13.3 12.6 12.7 12.9 2.2

State.................................................... 6.4 5.8 3.8 7.3 7.1 7.1 5.7

Local.................................................... 10.1 9.4 8.3 10.3 12.6 10.5 9.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 3.2 2.9 1.9 3.7 6.6 2.6 5.2

1 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2 Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July

1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans

who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.
Table 6. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,

 period of service, and sex, August 2011, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Presence of disability, reported disability rating,

period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL

VETERANS

Total ...................................................................................... 21,562 11,374 52.7 10,497 48.7 877 7.7 10,188

With service-connected disability ............................................. 2,952 1,432 48.5 1,310 44.4 122 8.5 1,520

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 1,146 691 60.3 638 55.6 53 7.7 455

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 689 395 57.3 355 51.5 40 10.1 295

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 864 230 26.6 212 24.6 18 7.7 634

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 253 117 46.2 106 41.8 11 9.6 136

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 15,004 7,869 52.4 7,246 48.3 623 7.9 7,134

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 3,606 2,072 57.5 1,941 53.8 132 6.3 1,534

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 5,399 4,445 82.3 4,071 75.4 374 8.4 954

With service-connected disability ............................................. 1,219 914 75.0 824 67.6 90 9.8 305

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 459 392 85.4 355 77.4 37 9.3 67

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 300 257 85.7 224 74.7 33 12.9 43

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 353 185 52.2 171 48.3 14 7.5 169

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 106 80 75.4 74 69.6 6 7.7 26

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 3,207 2,767 86.3 2,547 79.4 220 8.0 439

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 973 763 78.4 699 71.8 64 8.4 210

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 2,394 1,951 81.5 1,759 73.5 192 9.8 443

With service-connected disability ............................................. 633 506 80.0 445 70.4 61 12.1 126

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 225 196 87.1 171 76.2 25 12.6 29

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 170 157 92.2 141 82.6 16 10.4 13

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 166 96 57.8 82 49.5 14 14.4 70

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 71 57 1 ( ) 51 1 () 6 1 ( ) 14

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,368 1,145 83.7 1,036 75.8 108 9.5 223

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 393 300 76.3 277 70.5 22 7.5 93

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 3,006 2,494 83.0 2,312 76.9 182 7.3 512

With service-connected disability ............................................. 586 408 69.6 379 64.7 29 7.1 178

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 234 196 83.7 184 78.6 12 6.1 38

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 130 100 77.3 83 64.3 17 16.8 29

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 187 88 47.3 88 47.3 – – 99

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 36 23 1 ( ) 23 1 ( ) – – 12

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,839 1,623 88.2 1,511 82.2 112 6.9 216

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 580 463 79.9 422 72.7 41 8.9 117

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total ...................................................................................... 10,383 3,577 34.5 3,332 32.1 245 6.9 6,806

With service-connected disability ............................................. 1,249 261 20.9 253 20.3 8 3.1 988

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 459 134 29.1 131 28.4 3 2.3 326

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 284 74 26.1 73 25.7 1 1 ( ) 210

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 393 34 8.6 30 7.6 4 1 ( ) 359

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 113 20 17.6 20 17.6 – – 93

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 7,494 2,660 35.5 2,441 32.6 219 8.2 4,834

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 1,640 656 40.0 638 38.9 18 2.7 984

Other service periods

Total ...................................................................................... 5,780 3,352 58.0 3,094 53.5 258 7.7 2,428

With service-connected disability ............................................. 484 257 53.1 233 48.1 24 9.4 227

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 228 165 72.7 152 66.6 14 8.3 62

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 105 63 60.2 58 55.2 5 1 ( ) 42

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 118 11 9.7 11 9.7 – – 106

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 34 17 1 ( ) 12 1 () 5 1 ( ) 17

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 4,303 2,442 56.8 2,258 52.5 184 7.5 1,861

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 993 653 65.8 603 60.8 50 7.6 340

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,

 period of service, and sex, August 2011, not seasonally adjusted—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Presence of disability, reported disability rating,

period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

MEN

VETERANS

Total ...................................................................................... 19,759 10,291 52.1 9,524 48.2 767 7.5 9,468

With service-connected disability ............................................. 2,693 1,300 48.3 1,187 44.1 113 8.7 1,393

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 1,055 633 60.0 586 55.6 47 7.4 422

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 622 357 57.4 320 51.5 37 10.4 265

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 777 200 25.7 182 23.5 18 8.8 577

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 240 110 46.0 99 41.3 11 10.2 130

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 13,783 7,105 51.5 6,571 47.7 534 7.5 6,678

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 3,282 1,886 57.5 1,766 53.8 120 6.4 1,397

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 4,542 3,829 84.3 3,524 77.6 306 8.0 713

With service-connected disability ............................................. 1,043 814 78.1 733 70.3 81 9.9 229

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 397 350 88.1 320 80.5 30 8.6 47

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 259 230 88.9 200 77.2 30 13.2 29

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 289 160 55.4 147 50.7 14 8.6 129

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 97 73 75.6 67 69.2 6 1 ( ) 24

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 2,683 2,355 87.8 2,188 81.5 168 7.1 328

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 816 660 80.9 603 73.8 58 8.7 156

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 1,981 1,655 83.5 1,512 76.3 143 8.6 327

With service-connected disability ............................................. 547 452 82.6 394 72.0 58 12.8 95

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 185 170 91.7 148 80.0 22 12.7 15

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 153 140 91.8 124 81.1 16 11.6 12

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 144 88 61.1 74 51.5 14 15.7 56

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 65 54 1 ( ) 48 1 () 6 1 ( ) 11

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,103 935 84.8 869 78.8 66 7.1 167

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 332 268 80.7 249 75.0 19 7.0 64

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 2,561 2,175 84.9 2,012 78.6 163 7.5 386

With service-connected disability ............................................. 496 362 73.1 340 68.5 23 6.3 133

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 213 181 84.9 172 80.9 9 4.7 32

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 106 90 84.8 76 71.5 14 15.7 16

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 145 72 49.8 72 49.8 – – 73

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 32 19 1 ( ) 19 1 ( ) – – 12

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,581 1,420 89.8 1,318 83.4 102 7.2 161

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 485 393 81.1 354 73.1 39 9.9 92

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total ...................................................................................... 10,048 3,499 34.8 3,261 32.5 238 6.8 6,549

With service-connected disability ............................................. 1,216 254 20.9 246 20.2 8 3.2 962

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 447 130 29.1 127 28.4 3 2.3 317

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 274 71 25.9 70 25.4 1 1 ( ) 203

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 383 33 8.7 29 7.7 4 1 ( ) 349

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 113 20 17.6 20 17.6 – – 93

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 7,243 2,603 35.9 2,391 33.0 212 8.1 4,640

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 1,589 643 40.4 625 39.3 18 2.8 946

Other service periods

Total ...................................................................................... 5,169 2,963 57.3 2,739 53.0 224 7.6 2,207

With service-connected disability ............................................. 435 233 53.5 208 47.9 24 10.4 202

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 211 153 72.7 139 66.2 14 9.0 57

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 90 56 62.6 51 56.7 5 1 ( ) 34

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 105 6 5.9 6 5.9 – – 98

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 30 17 1 ( ) 12 1 () 5 1 ( ) 13

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 3,857 2,147 55.7 1,992 51.7 155 7.2 1,710

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 877 583 66.5 538 61.3 45 7.7 294

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,

 period of service, and sex, August 2011, not seasonally adjusted—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Presence of disability, reported disability rating,

period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

WOMEN

VETERANS

Total ...................................................................................... 1,803 1,083 60.1 974 54.0 109 10.1 720

With service-connected disability ............................................. 259 132 51.1 123 47.5 9 7.0 127

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 91 58 63.5 51 56.4 6 1 ( ) 33

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 67 37 1 ( ) 35 1 () 3 1 ( ) 29

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 87 30 34.3 30 34.3 – – 57

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 14 7 1 () 7 1 () – – 7

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,221 764 62.6 676 55.4 89 11.6 456

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 324 186 57.6 175 54.1 11 6.1 137

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 857 615 71.8 547 63.8 68 11.1 242

With service-connected disability ............................................. 176 100 56.7 91 51.5 9 9.2 76

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 524 412 78.7 360 68.7 53 12.7 111

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 157 103 65.5 97 61.5 6 6.1 54

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 412 296 71.9 247 59.9 49 16.6 116

With service-connected disability ............................................. 86 54 63.5 51 59.9 3 1 ( ) 31

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 265 209 79.0 167 63.1 42 20.2 56

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 62 32 1 ( ) 29 1 () 4 1 ( ) 29

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 445 319 71.7 300 67.5 19 5.9 126

With service-connected disability ............................................. 91 46 50.3 40 43.6 6 1 ( ) 45

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 259 203 78.4 193 74.5 10 5.0 56

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 95 70 73.9 68 71.1 3 1 ( ) 25

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total ...................................................................................... 336 78 23.3 71 21.1 7 9.3 257

With service-connected disability ............................................. 33 8 1 () 8 1 ( ) – – 25

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 251 57 22.8 50 19.9 7 1 ( ) 194

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 51 13 1 ( ) 13 1 ( ) – – 38

Other service periods

Total ...................................................................................... 610 389 63.8 356 58.3 34 8.7 221

With service-connected disability ............................................. 49 24 1 ( ) 24 1 ( ) – – 25

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 446 295 66.2 266 59.7 29 9.8 151

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 116 70 60.8 65 56.5 5 1 ( ) 45

1 Rates not shown where the base is less than 75,000. Small estimated

levels are based on a small number of survey responses and, thus, are

subject to relatively large standard errors.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans

could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf

War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January

1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of

service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than

one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served

in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the

wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or

impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated

disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a

rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38."

More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash

represents or rounds to zero.
Table 7. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,

and class of worker, August 2011, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of disability, and

period of service

Total

employed

(thousands)

Percent distribution by class of worker

Total

Agriculture

and related

industries

Nonagricultural industries

Total

Wage and salary workers 1 Selfemployed, 

unicorporated, 

and unpaid

family

workers

Private

sector

Government

Total Federal

State

and

local

Veterans, total 2 .......................................................... 10,497 100.0 2.3 97.7 69.7 21.0 8.3 12.7 7.1

With service-connected disability ........................... 1,310 100.0 .8 99.2 59.5 33.6 18.4 15.2 6.1

Without service-connected disability ...................... 7,246 100.0 2.8 97.2 71.3 19.0 6.3 12.7 6.9

Gulf War era, total 2 ................................................ 4,071 100.0 .7 99.3 70.7 25.5 11.0 14.5 3.1

With service-connected disability ....................... 824 100.0 – 100.0 59.3 36.6 20.9 15.6 4.1

Without service-connected disability .................. 2,547 100.0 .8 99.2 74.1 22.7 7.8 14.8 2.4

Gulf War era II 2 .................................................. 1,759 100.0 .4 99.6 70.4 26.2 13.0 13.2 3.1

With service-connected disability ................... 445 100.0 – 100.0 61.0 35.3 20.9 14.4 3.7

Without service-connected disability .............. 1,036 100.0 .6 99.4 74.1 22.9 9.8 13.1 2.4

Gulf War era I 2 ................................................... 2,312 100.0 1.0 99.0 70.9 25.0 9.5 15.5 3.2

With service-connected disability ................... 379 100.0 – 100.0 57.3 38.1 21.0 17.1 4.6

Without service-connected disability .............. 1,511 100.0 1.0 99.0 74.1 22.5 6.5 16.0 2.4

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 2 .................. 3,332 100.0 4.5 95.5 68.9 16.0 5.7 10.3 10.7

With service-connected disability ....................... 253 100.0 4.1 95.9 59.8 26.6 14.3 12.3 9.5

Without service-connected disability .................. 2,441 100.0 5.2 94.8 69.0 14.8 4.9 9.9 11.0

Other service periods 2 ........................................... 3,094 100.0 1.9 98.1 69.4 20.4 7.5 12.9 8.3

With service-connected disability ....................... 233 100.0 – 100.0 60.1 30.5 13.7 16.8 9.4

Without service-connected disability .................. 2,258 100.0 2.4 97.6 70.5 19.5 6.1 13.4 7.5

Nonveterans ............................................................... 128,265 100.0 1.7 98.3 78.4 13.7 2.1 11.6 6.2

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. 2 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans

could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf

War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July

1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and

other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only

one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served

in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period

are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health

condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The

associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is

determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal

Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this

release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 8. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2011, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Period of service and

Reserve or National Guard status

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 5,399 4,445 82.3 4,071 75.4 374 8.4 954

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............ 1,587 1,356 85.4 1,246 78.5 110 8.1 231

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ...................... 2,842 2,313 81.4 2,113 74.4 200 8.6 529

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported .............. 970 776 80.0 712 73.4 64 8.2 194

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 2,394 1,951 81.5 1,759 73.5 192 9.8 443

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............ 724 630 87.1 573 79.2 57 9.1 93

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ...................... 1,286 1,018 79.2 906 70.5 112 11.0 268

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported .............. 383 302 78.8 279 72.9 22 7.5 81

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 3,006 2,494 83.0 2,312 76.9 182 7.3 512

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............ 864 726 84.0 673 77.9 53 7.2 138

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ...................... 1,555 1,294 83.2 1,206 77.6 88 6.8 261

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported .............. 587 474 80.8 432 73.7 41 8.7 113

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era

began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I

(August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period.
Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2011, not seasonally

adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Period of service and location

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 2,394 1,951 81.5 1,759 73.5 192 9.8 443

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both1 ....................................... 911 768 84.3 679 74.5 89 11.6 143

Served elsewhere ..................................................................... 1,156 933 80.7 853 73.8 80 8.6 223

Location of service not reported ............................................... 327 249 76.4 227 69.5 22 9.0 77

1 Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes

veterans who served in both countries.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II

veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001.