Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 

Technical information: 

 Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 09-0482 

 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ 

 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release 

 http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, May 8, 2009. 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: APRIL 2009 

Nonfarm payroll employment continued to decline in April (-539,000), and the unemployment rate 

rose from 8.5 to 8.9 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported 

today. Since the recession began in December 2007, 5.7 million jobs have been lost. In April, job 

losses were large and widespread across nearly all major private-sector industries. Overall, privatesector employment fell by 611,000. 

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

The number of unemployed persons increased by 563,000 to 13.7 million in April, and the unemployment rate rose to 8.9 percent. Over the past 12 months, the number of unemployed persons has 

risen by 6.0 million, and the unemployment rate has grown by 3.9 percentage points. (See table A-1.) 

Unemployment rates rose in April for adult men (9.4 percent) and blacks (15.0 percent). The jobless rates for adult women (7.1 percent), teenagers (21.5 percent), whites (8.0 percent), and Hispanics 

(11.3 percent) were little changed over the month. The unemployment rate for Asians was 6.6 percent in 

April, not seasonally adjusted, up from 3.2 percent a year earlier. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

News United States 

Department 

of Labor 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

 April 2007 – April 2009 

Percent 

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09

Thousands 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

 seasonally adjusted, April 2007 – April 2009 

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Civilian labor force ............................... 154,648 153,993 154,214 154,048 154,731 683

Employment ..................................... 144,046 141,578 141,748 140,887 141,007 120

Unemployment .................................. 10,602 12,415 12,467 13,161 13,724 563

Not in labor force .................................. 80,177 80,920 80,699 81,038 80,541 -497

All workers ......................................... 6.9 8.1 8.1 8.5 8.9 0.4

Adult men ........................................ 6.8 8.2 8.1 8.8 9.4 .6

Adult women ..................................... 5.6 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.1 .1

Teenagers ........................................ 20.7 21.3 21.6 21.7 21.5 -.2

White ............................................ 6.3 7.4 7.3 7.9 8.0 .1

Black or African American 

................... 11.5 13.1 13.4 13.3 15.0 1.7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ................. 8.9 10.7 10.9 11.4 11.3 -.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 

Nonfarm employment ............................ 135,727 p 133,646 133,652 p 132,953 p 132,414 p -539

Goods-producing 1.............................. 20,803 p 19,824 19,832 p 19,514 p 19,244 p -270

Construction .................................... 6,949 p 6,586 6,593 p 6,458 p 6,348 p -110

Manufacturing ............................... 13,062 p 12,470 12,468 p 12,301 p 12,152 p -149

Service-providing 1 ............................. 114,924 p 113,822 113,820 p 113,439 p 113,170 p -269

 Retail trade 2 ................................. 15,127 p 14,932 14,934 p 14,870 p 14,824 p -47

Professional and business service ........... 17,485 p 17,044 17,029 p 16,899 p 16,777 p -122

Education and health services ............... 19,035 p 19,135 19,138 p 19,148 p 19,163 p 15

Leisure and hospitality ...................... 13,348 p 13,233 13,236 p 13,194 p 13,150 p -44

Government .................................... 22,538 p 22,543 22,547 p 22,541 p 22,613 p 72

Total private ....................................... 33.4 p 33.3 33.3 p 33.2 p 33.2 p 0.0

Manufacturing .................................. 40.2 p 39.6 39.5 p 39.4 p 39.6 p .2

 Overtime ....................................... 3.2 p 2.7 2.7 p 2.6 p 2.7 p .1

Total private ........................................ 104.1 p 101.8 101.9 p 100.9 p 100.3 p -0.6

Average hourly earnings, total private ......... $18.34 p $18.46 $18.46 p $18.50 p $18.51 p $0.01

Average weekly earnings, total private ....... 612.55 p 614.21 614.72 p 614.20 p 614.53 p .33

IV 2008 I 2009 Feb. 2009 Mar. 2009 Apr. 2009

p = preliminary.

Mar.-Apr. 

change

Hours of work 3

1

 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data.

3

 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.

Category

Quarterly averages Monthly data

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3

Earnings 3

 Employment

Labor force status

Unemployment rates 
3

Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs rose 

by 571,000 in April to 8.8 million. This group has more than doubled in size over the past 12 months. 

(See table A-8.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) increased by 498,000 to 

3.7 million over the month and has risen by 2.4 million since the start of the recession in December 

2007. (See table A-9.) 

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

The civilian labor force participation rate rose in April to 65.8 percent, and the employmentpopulation ratio was unchanged at 59.9 percent. The employment-population ratios for adult men and 

women showed little or no change over the month. However, since December 2007, the men's ratio was 

down by 4.4 percentage points, while the women's ratio was down by 1.3 percentage points. (See 

table A-1.) 

In April, the number of persons working part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 8.9 million; however, the number of such 

workers has risen by 3.7 million over the past 12 months. (See table A-5.) 

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

About 2.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in 

April, 675,000 more than a year earlier. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had 

looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they 

had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there 

were 740,000 discouraged workers in April, up by 328,000 from a year earlier. Discouraged workers 

are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The 

other 1.4 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work in the 

4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See 

table A-13.) 

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 539,000 in April to 132.4 million; private-sector employment 

declined by 611,000. Since the recession began in December 2007, payroll employment has fallen by 

5.7 million. In April, job losses continued in most major private-sector industries. Employment rose in 

the federal government mainly due to hiring of temporary workers for Census 2010. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in manufacturing fell by 149,000 over the month, with widespread job losses among 

the component industries. Three durable goods industries—transportation equipment (-34,000), fabricated metal products (-29,000), and machinery (-22,000)—accounted for more than half of the decline. 

Since September 2008, manufacturing has lost 1.2 million jobs. 

Construction employment declined by 110,000 in April, with losses spread throughout the sector. 

Over the past 6 months, job losses have averaged 120,000 per month, compared with 46,000 per month 

from December 2007 through October 2008. 
4

The professional and business services industry lost 122,000 jobs in April. This industry has shed 

an average of 139,000 jobs per month since October 2008. Half of the April decline occurred in temporary help services. 

Employment in retail trade fell by 47,000 in April. Job losses in department stores (-14,000), automobile dealers (-9,000), and building material and garden supply stores (-8,000) accounted for most of 

the decline. Wholesale trade employment was down by 41,000 over the month, with much of the 

decrease among durable goods wholesalers. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing declined by 38,000 in April, with losses concentrated in truck transportation (-16,000) and warehousing and storage (-8,000). Employment in financial 

activities declined by 40,000 over the month. Job losses occurred throughout the sector, including real 

estate and rental and leasing (-15,000) and credit intermediation and related activities (-14,000). The 

leisure and hospitality industry lost 44,000 jobs in April. 

Health care employment grew by 17,000 in April. Job gains in health care have averaged 17,000 

per month thus far in 2009, down from an average of 30,000 per month during 2008. Employment in 

federal government rose by 66,000 over the month largely due to the hiring of temporary workers for 

Census 2010 preparatory work. 

The change in total nonfarm employment for February was revised from -651,000 to -681,000, and 

the change for March was revised from -663,000 to -699,000. Monthly revisions result from additional 

sample reports and the monthly recalculation of seasonal factors. 

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

In April, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls was unchanged at 33.2 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek increased by 

0.2 hour to 39.6 hours, and factory overtime rose by 0.1 hour to 2.7 hours. (See table B-2.) 

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls fell by 0.6 percent in April. The manufacturing index declined by 0.9 percent over the month. 

(See table B-5.) 

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

In April, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls was essentially unchanged. This followed a gain of 4 cents in March. Over the past 12 months, 

average hourly earnings increased by 3.2 percent, and average weekly earnings rose by 1.3 percent. 

(See table B-3.) 

_____________________________ 

The Employment Situation for May 2009 is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 5, 

at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). 
5

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a 

smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey 

because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 107,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in 

the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope 

than the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The 

household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. 

Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not 

possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include 

questions about whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions 

show that foreign-born workers accounted for 15.6 percent of the labor force in 2008.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. 

The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability 

of the total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately 

sampled to achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric 

model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past 
6

values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and 

Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. 

BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. 

(People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other 

groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation 

news release. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) 

and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment 

survey). The household survey provides the information on 

the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears 

in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample 

survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. 

Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides the information on 

the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm 

payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll 

records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The 

sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government 

agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling 

frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference week is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in 

their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: They had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; and 

they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as 

a percent of the population, and the employment-population 

ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for 

private businesses and relate only to production workers in 

the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in 

the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the 

basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, 

the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll would be counted separately for each 

appearance. 

Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as 

changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, 

harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of 

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very 

large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 

percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. 
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends 

can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to 

month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, 

such as declines in economic activity or increases in the 

participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For 

example, the large number of youth entering the labor force 

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have 

taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if 

the level of economic activity has risen or declined. 

However, because the effect of students finishing school in 

previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can 

be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the 

seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure 

provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in 

economic activity. 

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most 

supersectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted component 

series. For example, total unemployment is derived by 

summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex 

components; this differs from the unemployment estimate 

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by 

combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age 

categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which 

new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all 

relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used 

each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. 

In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a 

year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, 

there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from 

the "true" population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by 

the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based 

on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors 

from the "true" population value because of sampling error. 

BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level 

of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total employment from the household survey is on 

the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of 

total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to 

the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly 

change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/-

430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results 

are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 

90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies 

within this interval. Since this range includes values of less 

than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment 

had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment 

rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-

percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In 

this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an 

employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment 

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval 

for the monthly change in unemployment is about 

+/-280,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment 

rate it is about +/-.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size 

of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small 

number of observations. The precision of estimates is also 

improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for 

quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment 

process can also improve the stability of the monthly 

estimates. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can 

occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a 

segment of the population, inability to obtain information for 

all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for 

this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to account 

for business births. The first component uses business deaths 

to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate 

procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of 

business, but imputing to them the same trend as the other 

firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA 

time series model designed to estimate the residual net 

birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. 

The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual 

net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from 0.1 

percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-

8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Apr.

2008

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Dec.

2008

Jan.

2009

Feb.

2009

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 233,198 235,086 235,271 233,198 235,035 234,739 234,913 235,086 235,271

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 153,208 153,728 153,834 153,932 154,447 153,716 154,214 154,048 154,731

 Participation rate ..................................................... 65.7 65.4 65.4 66.0 65.7 65.5 65.6 65.5 65.8

 Employed .................................................................... 145,921 139,833 140,586 146,257 143,338 142,099 141,748 140,887 141,007

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 62.6 59.5 59.8 62.7 61.0 60.5 60.3 59.9 59.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 7,287 13,895 13,248 7,675 11,108 11,616 12,467 13,161 13,724

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.8 9.0 8.6 5.0 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.5 8.9

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 79,990 81,358 81,437 79,267 80,588 81,023 80,699 81,038 80,541

 Persons who currently want a job ............................... 4,677 5,535 5,868 4,782 5,488 5,643 5,645 5,814 5,935

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 112,803 113,758 113,857 112,803 113,769 113,573 113,666 113,758 113,857

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 81,864 81,839 81,878 82,290 82,338 81,863 81,994 81,804 82,358

 Participation rate ..................................................... 72.6 71.9 71.9 73.0 72.4 72.1 72.1 71.9 72.3

 Employed .................................................................... 77,745 73,195 73,771 78,029 75,847 75,092 74,777 74,053 74,116

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 68.9 64.3 64.8 69.2 66.7 66.1 65.8 65.1 65.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 4,119 8,644 8,107 4,262 6,491 6,771 7,217 7,751 8,242

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 5.0 10.6 9.9 5.2 7.9 8.3 8.8 9.5 10.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 30,939 31,919 31,979 30,512 31,431 31,710 31,672 31,954 31,498

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 104,152 105,095 105,196 104,152 105,083 104,902 104,999 105,095 105,196

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 78,632 78,826 78,811 78,820 78,998 78,585 78,687 78,578 79,081

 Participation rate ..................................................... 75.5 75.0 74.9 75.7 75.2 74.9 74.9 74.8 75.2

 Employed .................................................................... 75,048 70,984 71,468 75,147 73,285 72,613 72,293 71,655 71,678

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 72.1 67.5 67.9 72.2 69.7 69.2 68.9 68.2 68.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,584 7,842 7,343 3,673 5,714 5,972 6,394 6,923 7,403

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.6 9.9 9.3 4.7 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.8 9.4

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 25,520 26,269 26,386 25,332 26,085 26,318 26,312 26,516 26,115

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 120,396 121,328 121,415 120,396 121,266 121,166 121,247 121,328 121,415

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 71,344 71,889 71,956 71,641 72,109 71,853 72,220 72,244 72,372

 Participation rate ..................................................... 59.3 59.3 59.3 59.5 59.5 59.3 59.6 59.5 59.6

 Employed .................................................................... 68,176 66,638 66,815 68,228 67,491 67,007 66,970 66,834 66,890

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 56.6 54.9 55.0 56.7 55.7 55.3 55.2 55.1 55.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,168 5,251 5,141 3,413 4,618 4,845 5,250 5,410 5,482

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.4 7.3 7.1 4.8 6.4 6.7 7.3 7.5 7.6

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 49,052 49,438 49,458 48,754 49,157 49,313 49,027 49,084 49,042

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 111,990 112,908 112,999 111,990 112,825 112,738 112,824 112,908 112,999

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 68,053 68,883 68,957 68,118 68,891 68,584 68,917 68,977 69,148

 Participation rate ..................................................... 60.8 61.0 61.0 60.8 61.1 60.8 61.1 61.1 61.2

 Employed .................................................................... 65,329 64,123 64,318 65,196 64,860 64,298 64,271 64,148 64,226

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 58.3 56.8 56.9 58.2 57.5 57.0 57.0 56.8 56.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,724 4,760 4,639 2,923 4,031 4,286 4,646 4,828 4,922

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.0 6.9 6.7 4.3 5.9 6.2 6.7 7.0 7.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 43,937 44,025 44,041 43,872 43,935 44,154 43,907 43,931 43,850

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 17,056 17,083 17,076 17,056 17,126 17,098 17,090 17,083 17,076

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,523 6,019 6,066 6,993 6,557 6,547 6,610 6,493 6,501

 Participation rate ..................................................... 38.2 35.2 35.5 41.0 38.3 38.3 38.7 38.0 38.1

 Employed .................................................................... 5,544 4,726 4,799 5,914 5,194 5,188 5,184 5,083 5,103

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 32.5 27.7 28.1 34.7 30.3 30.3 30.3 29.8 29.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 979 1,293 1,267 1,079 1,363 1,359 1,427 1,410 1,398

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 15.0 21.5 20.9 15.4 20.8 20.8 21.6 21.7 21.5

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,533 11,064 11,010 10,063 10,568 10,551 10,480 10,590 10,575

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Apr.

2008

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Dec.

2008

Jan.

2009

Feb.

2009

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 189,147 190,436 190,552 189,147 190,351 190,225 190,331 190,436 190,552

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 124,599 125,433 125,316 125,198 125,634 125,312 125,703 125,599 126,110

 Participation rate ....................................................... 65.9 65.9 65.8 66.2 66.0 65.9 66.0 66.0 66.2

 Employed .................................................................... 119,341 114,831 115,587 119,644 117,357 116,692 116,481 115,693 115,977

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 63.1 60.3 60.7 63.3 61.7 61.3 61.2 60.8 60.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 5,258 10,602 9,729 5,554 8,277 8,621 9,222 9,906 10,133

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.2 8.5 7.8 4.4 6.6 6.9 7.3 7.9 8.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 64,548 65,003 65,235 63,949 64,718 64,913 64,628 64,837 64,441

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 65,110 65,363 65,298 65,220 65,331 65,126 65,180 65,032 65,509

 Participation rate ....................................................... 75.8 75.5 75.4 76.0 75.5 75.4 75.4 75.2 75.7

 Employed .................................................................... 62,483 59,307 59,847 62,510 61,101 60,683 60,361 59,811 59,967

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 72.8 68.5 69.1 72.8 70.7 70.2 69.8 69.1 69.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,627 6,056 5,451 2,710 4,230 4,443 4,819 5,221 5,543

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.0 9.3 8.3 4.2 6.5 6.8 7.4 8.0 8.5

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 54,102 54,997 55,033 54,206 54,878 54,786 54,967 55,115 55,227

 Participation rate ....................................................... 60.0 60.5 60.5 60.1 60.5 60.4 60.5 60.7 60.8

 Employed .................................................................... 52,195 51,462 51,692 52,180 51,846 51,601 51,624 51,519 51,695

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 57.9 56.6 56.9 57.8 57.1 56.9 56.9 56.7 56.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,907 3,535 3,341 2,026 3,031 3,185 3,344 3,596 3,533

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.5 6.4 6.1 3.7 5.5 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 5,386 5,073 4,986 5,772 5,425 5,400 5,556 5,452 5,374

 Participation rate ....................................................... 41.2 38.8 38.2 44.1 41.4 41.3 42.5 41.7 41.1

 Employed .................................................................... 4,663 4,062 4,049 4,955 4,409 4,408 4,497 4,363 4,316

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 35.7 31.1 31.0 37.9 33.6 33.7 34.4 33.4 33.0

 Unemployed ............................................................... 723 1,010 937 817 1,016 993 1,059 1,089 1,058

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 13.4 19.9 18.8 14.2 18.7 18.4 19.1 20.0 19.7

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 27,746 28,118 28,153 27,746 28,059 28,052 28,085 28,118 28,153

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 17,654 17,429 17,670 17,755 17,796 17,791 17,703 17,542 17,816

 Participation rate ....................................................... 63.6 62.0 62.8 64.0 63.4 63.4 63.0 62.4 63.3

 Employed .................................................................... 16,207 15,074 15,119 16,200 15,674 15,546 15,336 15,212 15,142

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 58.4 53.6 53.7 58.4 55.9 55.4 54.6 54.1 53.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,447 2,355 2,551 1,555 2,122 2,245 2,368 2,330 2,673

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 8.2 13.5 14.4 8.8 11.9 12.6 13.4 13.3 15.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,092 10,689 10,483 9,991 10,263 10,261 10,382 10,576 10,337

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,905 7,850 7,932 7,943 7,999 7,979 7,949 7,917 7,990

 Participation rate ....................................................... 70.9 69.4 70.0 71.2 70.8 70.7 70.4 70.0 70.5

 Employed .................................................................... 7,243 6,566 6,567 7,262 6,930 6,850 6,762 6,700 6,620

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.0 58.0 58.0 65.1 61.4 60.7 59.9 59.2 58.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 662 1,284 1,365 681 1,069 1,129 1,187 1,218 1,370

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 8.4 16.4 17.2 8.6 13.4 14.1 14.9 15.4 17.2

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 9,039 8,935 9,023 9,044 9,060 9,022 9,006 8,932 9,064

 Participation rate ....................................................... 64.9 63.3 63.9 64.9 64.4 64.1 63.9 63.3 64.1

 Employed .................................................................... 8,419 8,071 8,076 8,359 8,256 8,194 8,115 8,045 8,025

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 60.4 57.2 57.2 60.0 58.7 58.2 57.6 57.0 56.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 620 864 947 685 804 828 890 887 1,038

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.9 9.7 10.5 7.6 8.9 9.2 9.9 9.9 11.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 710 644 714 768 736 790 749 692 762

 Participation rate ....................................................... 26.6 23.9 26.5 28.8 27.4 29.4 27.8 25.7 28.3

 Employed .................................................................... 545 437 475 579 488 502 459 467 497

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 20.4 16.2 17.7 21.7 18.1 18.6 17.0 17.4 18.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 165 207 239 189 248 288 290 225 265

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 23.3 32.2 33.5 24.6 33.7 36.5 38.8 32.5 34.7

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Apr.

2008

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Dec.

2008

Jan.

2009

Feb.

2009

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 10,658 10,778 10,788 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,220 7,111 7,128 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 67.7 66.0 66.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 6,985 6,656 6,659 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.5 61.8 61.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 234 455 469 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.2 6.4 6.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 3,438 3,667 3,660 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in

table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population

controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Apr.

2008

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Dec.

2008

Jan.

2009

Feb.

2009

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 31,911 32,585 32,671 31,911 32,649 32,417 32,501 32,585 32,671

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 21,901 22,188 22,317 21,920 22,134 21,931 22,100 22,175 22,376

 Participation rate ....................................................... 68.6 68.1 68.3 68.7 67.8 67.7 68.0 68.1 68.5

 Employed .................................................................... 20,456 19,485 19,895 20,392 20,096 19,800 19,684 19,640 19,854

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 64.1 59.8 60.9 63.9 61.6 61.1 60.6 60.3 60.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,445 2,703 2,422 1,528 2,038 2,132 2,416 2,536 2,521

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.6 12.2 10.9 7.0 9.2 9.7 10.9 11.4 11.3

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,010 10,397 10,354 9,990 10,515 10,486 10,401 10,410 10,295

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 12,495 12,648 12,698 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 84.1 83.4 83.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 11,769 11,110 11,407 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 79.2 73.3 75.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 726 1,538 1,291 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.8 12.2 10.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,272 8,567 8,601 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 59.0 59.8 59.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 7,774 7,645 7,740 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 55.4 53.3 53.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 497 922 860 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.0 10.8 10.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 1,134 974 1,018 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 37.6 31.4 32.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 913 731 748 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 30.3 23.6 24.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 222 243 270 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 19.5 24.9 26.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of

any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2008

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Dec.

2008

Jan.

2009

Feb.

2009

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 12,280 12,102 12,180 12,102 12,108 12,024 11,955 11,997 12,027

 Participation rate ......................................................... 46.2 46.1 46.2 45.6 46.4 45.9 46.4 45.7 45.7

 Employed ...................................................................... 11,353 10,220 10,399 11,148 10,793 10,577 10,445 10,399 10,251

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 42.7 38.9 39.5 42.0 41.4 40.4 40.5 39.6 38.9

 Unemployed ................................................................. 927 1,882 1,781 954 1,315 1,446 1,510 1,598 1,776

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 7.6 15.5 14.6 7.9 10.9 12.0 12.6 13.3 14.8

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 37,703 38,516 38,300 37,809 38,656 38,675 38,463 38,434 38,687

 Participation rate ......................................................... 62.2 62.4 62.4 62.4 62.5 62.4 62.2 62.3 63.0

 Employed ...................................................................... 35,837 34,661 34,733 35,907 35,683 35,599 35,270 34,981 35,086

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 59.1 56.2 56.6 59.3 57.6 57.4 57.1 56.7 57.1

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,865 3,854 3,568 1,902 2,972 3,075 3,193 3,454 3,601

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 4.9 10.0 9.3 5.0 7.7 8.0 8.3 9.0 9.3

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 36,635 36,872 36,917 36,637 37,049 36,693 37,362 36,921 36,959

 Participation rate ......................................................... 72.1 71.7 71.6 72.1 72.0 72.0 72.1 71.8 71.7

 Employed ...................................................................... 35,219 34,011 34,169 35,189 34,969 34,433 34,738 34,267 34,207

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 69.3 66.1 66.3 69.3 68.0 67.6 67.1 66.6 66.4

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,415 2,861 2,748 1,447 2,080 2,260 2,624 2,653 2,752

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 3.9 7.8 7.4 4.0 5.6 6.2 7.0 7.2 7.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 45,234 45,304 45,377 45,136 45,182 45,208 45,027 45,401 45,442

 Participation rate ......................................................... 78.3 77.9 77.6 78.1 77.9 77.8 77.6 78.1 77.7

 Employed ...................................................................... 44,351 43,377 43,547 44,181 43,517 43,474 43,177 43,431 43,466

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 76.7 74.6 74.5 76.4 75.0 74.8 74.4 74.7 74.4

 Unemployed ................................................................. 883 1,927 1,831 955 1,665 1,735 1,850 1,970 1,977

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 2.0 4.3 4.0 2.1 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.4

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. 

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2008

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Dec.

2008

Jan.

2009

Feb.

2009

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ................................... 2,074 1,930 2,087 2,111 2,191 2,149 2,148 2,050 2,134

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 1,203 1,061 1,164 1,247 1,264 1,233 1,244 1,167 1,209

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 840 847 894 841 925 903 875 875 887

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 31 22 29 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ............................................... 143,847 137,903 138,498 144,219 141,047 139,952 139,579 138,842 138,828

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 134,369 128,782 129,381 134,698 132,082 131,110 130,465 129,478 129,724

 Government ................................................................ 21,657 21,072 21,548 21,309 21,395 21,237 21,192 20,904 21,211

 Private industries ........................................................ 112,712 107,711 107,832 113,341 110,684 109,997 109,311 108,674 108,555

 Private households ................................................... 780 738 716 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries ........................................................ 111,932 106,972 107,116 112,585 109,863 109,217 108,574 107,898 107,813

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 9,353 9,063 9,063 9,371 8,940 8,816 8,962 9,184 9,052

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 125 57 54 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 5,071 9,305 8,648 5,240 8,038 7,839 8,626 9,049 8,910

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 3,456 7,103 6,533 3,580 6,020 5,766 6,443 6,857 6,699

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,348 1,969 1,852 1,325 1,617 1,667 1,764 1,839 1,810

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 20,607 19,228 19,644 19,792 18,922 18,864 18,855 18,833 19,065

Nonagricultural industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,978 9,168 8,556 5,152 7,932 7,705 8,543 8,942 8,826

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 3,389 7,005 6,462 3,537 5,938 5,660 6,390 6,773 6,650

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,345 1,957 1,842 1,328 1,619 1,658 1,760 1,850 1,802

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 20,289 18,892 19,282 19,436 18,642 18,567 18,562 18,493 18,661

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or

industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for

reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2008

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Dec.

2008

Jan.

2009

Feb.

2009

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 145,921 139,833 140,586 146,257 143,338 142,099 141,748 140,887 141,007

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 5,544 4,726 4,799 5,914 5,194 5,188 5,184 5,083 5,103

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,898 1,569 1,585 2,068 1,779 1,741 1,854 1,755 1,737

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 3,646 3,157 3,214 3,827 3,413 3,441 3,348 3,300 3,353

 20 years and over ......................................................... 140,377 135,107 135,786 140,342 138,144 136,911 136,564 135,804 135,904

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 13,617 12,838 12,939 13,759 13,374 13,050 13,157 13,090 13,090

 25 years and over ....................................................... 126,760 122,269 122,847 126,566 124,748 123,911 123,302 122,662 122,838

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 100,035 95,268 95,761 99,957 97,651 96,693 96,255 95,720 95,805

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 31,615 29,942 30,092 31,615 30,864 30,449 30,369 30,211 30,140

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 33,835 31,654 31,811 33,760 32,691 32,308 31,999 31,746 31,770

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 34,584 33,672 33,859 34,582 34,097 33,936 33,888 33,763 33,896

 55 years and over ..................................................... 26,725 27,000 27,086 26,609 27,096 27,218 27,047 26,942 27,032

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 77,745 73,195 73,771 78,029 75,847 75,092 74,777 74,053 74,116

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,697 2,211 2,303 2,882 2,562 2,479 2,484 2,398 2,438

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 863 709 747 944 847 818 837 803 817

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,833 1,502 1,555 1,941 1,712 1,654 1,640 1,579 1,635

 20 years and over ......................................................... 75,048 70,984 71,468 75,147 73,285 72,613 72,293 71,655 71,678

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 7,186 6,478 6,612 7,284 6,863 6,723 6,784 6,656 6,701

 25 years and over ....................................................... 67,862 64,506 64,856 67,837 66,456 65,879 65,479 65,031 64,960

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 53,684 50,369 50,700 53,702 52,128 51,480 51,125 50,865 50,802

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 17,285 16,010 16,122 17,320 16,789 16,461 16,449 16,288 16,199

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 18,213 16,909 17,024 18,199 17,663 17,452 17,144 17,027 17,027

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 18,186 17,450 17,555 18,183 17,676 17,567 17,532 17,550 17,576

 55 years and over ..................................................... 14,179 14,137 14,156 14,135 14,328 14,399 14,354 14,166 14,157

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 68,176 66,638 66,815 68,228 67,491 67,007 66,970 66,834 66,890

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,847 2,515 2,497 3,032 2,632 2,709 2,699 2,685 2,664

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,034 860 838 1,124 932 923 1,017 952 920

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,812 1,655 1,659 1,886 1,701 1,787 1,708 1,721 1,718

 20 years and over ......................................................... 65,329 64,123 64,318 65,196 64,860 64,298 64,271 64,148 64,226

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 6,431 6,360 6,327 6,474 6,510 6,327 6,372 6,434 6,389

 25 years and over ....................................................... 58,898 57,763 57,991 58,728 58,292 58,032 57,823 57,631 57,878

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 46,351 44,899 45,061 46,254 45,523 45,213 45,131 44,855 45,003

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 14,330 13,932 13,970 14,294 14,075 13,988 13,920 13,922 13,941

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 15,622 14,745 14,787 15,560 15,027 14,856 14,855 14,719 14,742

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 16,399 16,223 16,304 16,399 16,421 16,369 16,356 16,214 16,320

 55 years and over ..................................................... 12,547 12,864 12,930 12,474 12,769 12,819 12,693 12,776 12,875

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 46,002 44,356 44,470 45,968 45,182 44,712 44,502 44,470 44,469

Married women, spouse present .................................... 36,331 35,507 35,668 36,144 35,632 35,375 35,563 35,481 35,444

Women who maintain families ........................................ 9,111 8,749 8,951 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 2 ......................................................... 120,027 112,215 112,746 120,899 116,865 115,794 114,853 113,665 113,725

Part-time workers 3 ......................................................... 25,894 27,617 27,840 25,339 26,250 26,200 26,590 26,963 27,066

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders ................................................. 7,630 7,723 7,781 7,671 7,352 7,441 7,626 7,656 7,748

 Percent of total employed ........................................... 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.5

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more

per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35

hours per week.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Apr.

2008

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Dec.

2008

Jan.

2009

Feb.

2009

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 7,675 13,161 13,724 5.0 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.5 8.9

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 1,079 1,410 1,398 15.4 20.8 20.8 21.6 21.7 21.5

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 522 544 520 20.2 24.1 21.4 22.9 23.7 23.0

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 590 870 908 13.4 19.1 20.2 21.0 20.9 21.3

 20 years and over ......................................................... 6,596 11,751 12,326 4.5 6.6 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.3

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 1,353 2,128 2,258 9.0 12.1 12.1 12.9 14.0 14.7

 25 years and over ....................................................... 5,229 9,572 9,999 4.0 6.0 6.4 6.9 7.2 7.5

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 4,387 7,832 8,139 4.2 6.3 6.7 7.2 7.6 7.8

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 1,712 2,984 3,229 5.1 7.5 7.9 8.7 9.0 9.7

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 1,374 2,447 2,580 3.9 5.9 6.5 6.8 7.2 7.5

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 1,301 2,401 2,330 3.6 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.6 6.4

 55 years and over ..................................................... 839 1,784 1,849 3.1 4.9 5.2 5.6 6.2 6.4

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 4,262 7,751 8,242 5.2 7.9 8.3 8.8 9.5 10.0

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 588 828 839 17.0 23.3 24.4 24.9 25.7 25.6

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 274 315 291 22.5 27.0 26.5 26.5 28.2 26.3

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 328 514 555 14.5 21.5 22.8 24.7 24.6 25.3

 20 years and over ......................................................... 3,673 6,923 7,403 4.7 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.8 9.4

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 813 1,335 1,424 10.0 14.2 14.1 14.6 16.7 17.5

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,846 5,566 5,911 4.0 6.4 6.9 7.5 7.9 8.3

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 2,415 4,607 4,889 4.3 6.7 7.3 7.9 8.3 8.8

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 932 1,833 2,026 5.1 8.3 8.8 9.5 10.1 11.1

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 767 1,426 1,516 4.0 5.9 6.6 7.2 7.7 8.2

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 717 1,348 1,347 3.8 6.1 6.7 7.0 7.1 7.1

 55 years and over ..................................................... 430 959 1,022 3.0 5.1 5.3 6.0 6.3 6.7

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 3,413 5,410 5,482 4.8 6.4 6.7 7.3 7.5 7.6

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 491 582 560 13.9 18.2 17.1 18.3 17.8 17.4

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 248 229 229 18.1 21.2 16.2 19.8 19.4 19.9

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 262 357 353 12.2 16.6 17.5 17.0 17.2 17.1

 20 years and over ......................................................... 2,923 4,828 4,922 4.3 5.9 6.2 6.7 7.0 7.1

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 540 793 834 7.7 9.8 10.0 10.9 11.0 11.5

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,384 4,006 4,088 3.9 5.4 5.8 6.2 6.5 6.6

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,972 3,225 3,250 4.1 5.7 6.0 6.4 6.7 6.7

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 780 1,151 1,203 5.2 6.5 6.8 7.7 7.6 7.9

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 607 1,021 1,064 3.8 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.7

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 584 1,054 983 3.4 4.9 5.0 5.3 6.1 5.7

 55 years and over 2 .................................................. 366 789 745 2.8 4.3 5.4 5.3 5.8 5.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 1,342 2,718 2,986 2.8 4.4 5.0 5.5 5.8 6.3

Married women, spouse present .................................... 1,115 2,022 2,077 3.0 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.4 5.5

Women who maintain families 2 ..................................... 661 1,058 999 6.8 9.5 10.3 10.3 10.8 10.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 3 ......................................................... 6,360 11,535 12,037 5.0 7.5 8.0 8.6 9.2 9.6

Part-time workers 4 ......................................................... 1,322 1,676 1,744 5.0 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.1

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2008

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Dec.

2008

Jan.

2009

Feb.

2009

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs 3,931 9,315 8,687 4,043 6,471 6,980 7,696 8,243 8,814

On temporary layoff .................................................... 1,053 1,990 1,586 1,103 1,524 1,441 1,488 1,557 1,625

Not on temporary layoff .............................................. 2,878 7,325 7,101 2,939 4,946 5,539 6,208 6,686 7,189

Permanent job losers .............................................. 2,114 5,880 5,853 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Persons who completed temporary jobs ................ 764 1,445 1,248 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ..................................................................... 816 850 842 860 1,007 917 820 887 890

Reentrants ...................................................................... 1,995 2,984 2,932 2,145 2,777 2,751 2,834 2,974 3,087

New entrants .................................................................. 545 747 788 625 829 780 1,005 868 900

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 53.9 67.0 65.6 52.7 58.4 61.1 62.3 63.5 64.4

On temporary layoff .................................................. 14.4 14.3 12.0 14.4 13.8 12.6 12.0 12.0 11.9

Not on temporary layoff ............................................ 39.5 52.7 53.6 38.3 44.6 48.5 50.2 51.5 52.5

Job leavers ................................................................... 11.2 6.1 6.4 11.2 9.1 8.0 6.6 6.8 6.5

Reentrants .................................................................... 27.4 21.5 22.1 28.0 25.1 24.1 22.9 22.9 22.5

New entrants ................................................................ 7.5 5.4 5.9 8.1 7.5 6.8 8.1 6.7 6.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 2.6 6.1 5.6 2.6 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.7

Job leavers ................................................................... .5 .6 .5 .6 .7 .6 .5 .6 .6

Reentrants .................................................................... 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0

New entrants ................................................................ .4 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .7 .6 .6

1 Data not available.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2008

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Dec.

2008

Jan.

2009

Feb.

2009

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .............................................................................. 2,151 3,067 2,855 2,496 3,267 3,658 3,404 3,371 3,346

5 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 2,225 4,523 3,526 2,529 3,398 3,519 3,969 4,041 3,982

15 weeks and over ............................................................................. 2,911 6,305 6,867 2,652 4,517 4,634 5,264 5,715 6,211

 15 to 26 weeks ................................................................................ 1,473 2,971 2,966 1,277 1,927 1,987 2,347 2,534 2,531

 27 weeks and over .......................................................................... 1,439 3,334 3,901 1,375 2,591 2,647 2,917 3,182 3,680

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .................................................... 18.3 21.2 23.4 17.0 19.7 19.8 19.8 20.1 21.4

Median duration, in weeks .................................................................. 11.0 13.1 15.4 9.3 10.6 10.3 11.0 11.2 12.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ............................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks ............................................................................ 29.5 22.1 21.5 32.5 29.2 31.0 26.9 25.7 24.7

 5 to 14 weeks ................................................................................... 30.5 32.5 26.6 32.9 30.4 29.8 31.4 30.8 29.4

 15 weeks and over ........................................................................... 40.0 45.4 51.8 34.6 40.4 39.2 41.7 43.5 45.9

 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................................... 20.2 21.4 22.4 16.6 17.2 16.8 18.6 19.3 18.7

 27 weeks and over ......................................................................... 19.7 24.0 29.4 17.9 23.2 22.4 23.1 24.2 27.2

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2009

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... 145,921 140,586 7,287 13,248 4.8 8.6

Management, professional, and related occupations ............. 52,819 52,597 1,088 2,164 2.0 4.0

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations ................................................................................ 21,621 21,455 467 995 2.1 4.4

 Professional and related occupations ...................................... 31,198 31,142 621 1,170 2.0 3.6

Service occupations ....................................................................... 24,064 24,548 1,406 2,354 5.5 8.7

Sales and office occupations ....................................................... 36,222 34,053 1,605 2,966 4.2 8.0

 Sales and related occupations .................................................. 16,381 15,555 741 1,463 4.3 8.6

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 19,841 18,498 865 1,503 4.2 7.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .................................................................................... 14,673 13,453 1,381 2,438 8.6 15.3

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. 954 924 111 166 10.5 15.2

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................ 8,628 7,423 1,097 1,816 11.3 19.7

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 5,091 5,107 173 456 3.3 8.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations .................................................................................... 18,144 15,934 1,239 2,501 6.4 13.6

 Production occupations .............................................................. 9,196 7,563 679 1,306 6.9 14.7

 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 8,948 8,371 560 1,196 5.9 12.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2009

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... 7,287 13,248 4.8 8.6

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................... 5,923 11,222 5.0 9.4

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ......................... 28 125 3.6 16.1

 Construction .................................................................................. 1,057 1,737 11.1 18.7

 Manufacturing ............................................................................... 796 1,968 4.8 12.4

 Durable goods ............................................................................ 505 1,278 4.8 12.8

 Nondurable goods ..................................................................... 291 690 5.0 11.8

 Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................... 919 1,833 4.5 9.0

 Transportation and utilities ......................................................... 245 541 4.0 9.0

 Information ..................................................................................... 143 320 4.4 10.1

 Financial activities ........................................................................ 324 561 3.4 6.0

 Professional and business services ......................................... 736 1,448 5.3 10.4

 Education and health services .................................................. 551 964 2.8 4.6

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................ 874 1,322 6.9 10.2

 Other services ............................................................................... 251 403 4.0 6.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ...... 108 176 8.6 13.5

Government workers ..................................................................... 373 575 1.7 2.6

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................. 338 488 3.2 4.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2009 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2007

Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2007 North American Industry Classification

System. No historical data have been revised.

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2008

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Dec.

2008

Jan.

2009

Feb.

2009

Mar.

2009

Apr.

2009

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the

civilian labor force ..................................................................... 1.9 4.1 4.5 1.7 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.7 4.0

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a

percent of the civilian labor force .............................................. 2.6 6.1 5.6 2.6 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ................................................. 4.8 9.0 8.6 5.0 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.5 8.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the

civilian labor force plus discouraged workers ........................... 5.0 9.4 9.0 5.2 7.6 8.0 8.5 8.9 9.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other

marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all marginally attached workers ................................ 5.6 10.3 9.8 5.9 8.3 8.8 9.3 9.8 10.1

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent

of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers 8.9 16.2 15.4 9.2 13.5 13.9 14.8 15.6 15.8

NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither

working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job

and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a

subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not

looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are

those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a

part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of

alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2009

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 79,990 81,437 30,939 31,979 49,052 49,458

 Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... 4,677 5,868 2,152 2,805 2,525 3,063

Marginally attached to the labor force 1 ........................................ 1,414 2,089 726 1,105 688 984

Reason not currently looking:

Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. 412 740 250 470 162 270

Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. 1,002 1,350 476 635 526 714

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. 7,630 7,781 3,852 3,775 3,779 4,006

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 5.2 5.5 5.0 5.1 5.5 6.0

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 4,197 4,119 2,336 2,226 1,861 1,894

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,811 2,025 586 659 1,225 1,366

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 248 231 165 137 82 94

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,333 1,347 741 715 592 633

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as

well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2008

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2008

 Dec. 

2008

 Jan. 

2009

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

Change

from:

Mar. 2009-

Apr. 2009p

Total nonfarm ............................. 137,543 132,138 132,054 132,295 137,654 135,074 134,333 133,652 132,953 132,414 -539

Total private ........................................ 114,697 109,295 109,124 109,300 115,203 112,542 111,793 111,105 110,412 109,801 -611

Goods-producing ............................................ 21,441 19,253 19,049 18,994 21,679 20,532 20,127 19,832 19,514 19,244 -270

Mining and logging ................................................... 746 754 738 729 756 789 781 771 755 744 -11

Logging ........................................................... 54.6 54.3 48.4 45.8 58.6 55.7 55.2 54.5 51.0 49.6 -1.4

Mining .................................................................... 691.7 700.1 689.1 682.7 697.8 733.3 725.3 716.4 703.9 694.2 -9.7

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 153.1 166.7 165.1 165.0 155.1 169.4 167.7 167.8 167.1 167.9 .8

Mining, except oil and gas ................................. 219.4 213.6 213.4 216.6 222.9 229.2 227.9 225.7 222.8 220.6 -2.2 1

Coal mining ...................................................... 77.8 83.9 83.2 80.6 78.1 84.5 84.9 84.1 83.3 81.5 -1.8

Support activities for mining .............................. 319.2 319.8 310.6 301.1 319.8 334.7 329.7 322.9 314.0 305.7 -8.3

Construction ............................................................. 7,174 6,156 6,114 6,196 7,337 6,841 6,706 6,593 6,458 6,348 -110

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,654.8 1,439.8 1,421.1 1,423.1 1,693.8 1,572.9 1,536.9 1,509.5 1,481.4 1,459.7 -21.7

Residential building ......................................... 834.3 700.0 689.4 691.6 857.5 769.4 755.2 741.2 723.7 711.1 -12.6

Nonresidential building .................................... 820.5 739.8 731.7 731.5 836.3 803.5 781.7 768.3 757.7 748.6 -9.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction ........ 949.4 816.5 826.2 867.0 980.5 933.2 926.6 919.0 906.6 889.4 -17.2

Specialty trade contractors ............................... 4,570.0 3,899.2 3,866.5 3,905.6 4,662.3 4,335.2 4,242.2 4,164.4 4,069.9 3,998.9 -71.0

Residential specialty trade contractors ........... 2,028.4 1,684.3 1,673.6 1,691.9 2,076.1 1,883.6 1,838.3 1,801.2 1,757.2 1,717.7 -39.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors ..... 2,541.6 2,214.9 2,192.9 2,213.7 2,586.2 2,451.6 2,403.9 2,363.2 2,312.7 2,281.2 -31.5

Manufacturing ........................................................... 13,521 12,343 12,197 12,069 13,586 12,902 12,640 12,468 12,301 12,152 -149

Production workers ....................................... 9,745 8,702 8,570 8,473 9,795 9,174 8,946 8,804 8,656 8,537 -119

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,567 7,686 7,576 7,472 8,587 8,085 7,881 7,753 7,626 7,499 -127

Production workers ....................................... 6,087 5,300 5,203 5,121 6,099 5,633 5,458 5,352 5,241 5,135 -106

Wood products ................................................... 472.0 373.7 377.2 382.7 477.3 416.2 403.9 390.4 389.9 388.6 -1.3

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 472.8 406.1 402.3 413.8 477.2 441.2 434.3 425.8 416.0 415.0 -1.0

Primary metals .................................................... 450.6 393.8 385.6 372.5 449.7 419.6 409.3 395.2 386.2 374.4 -11.8

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,539.5 1,392.4 1,364.3 1,334.9 1,546.0 1,461.5 1,425.3 1,399.0 1,369.9 1,341.2 -28.7

Machinery ........................................................... 1,190.3 1,097.0 1,069.8 1,045.8 1,193.1 1,150.2 1,126.0 1,100.8 1,072.7 1,051.2 -21.5

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,251.7 1,193.3 1,184.6 1,171.8 1,255.7 1,223.7 1,212.9 1,196.9 1,188.6 1,176.9 -11.7

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 183.4 174.1 173.2 170.2 184.0 180.0 180.3 175.5 173.8 170.9 -2.9

Communications equipment ........................... 128.7 130.1 128.0 128.4 129.1 129.1 129.6 129.0 128.5 128.7 .2

Semiconductors and electronic components . 436.0 401.5 396.5 388.8 437.0 417.4 410.5 403.3 397.8 390.9 -6.9

Electronic instruments ..................................... 441.6 430.5 430.7 429.9 442.9 437.5 433.8 431.9 431.9 431.3 -.6

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 427.2 398.3 388.6 379.1 428.5 412.0 406.1 399.1 389.8 380.5 -9.3

1 Transportation equipment .................................. 1,638.6 1,418.4 1,402.6 1,373.0 1,632.1 1,501.8 1,423.5 1,423.7 1,403.3 1,369.5 -33.8

Motor vehicles and parts ................................. 905.9 715.6 708.1 682.8 898.0 781.5 711.2 718.7 705.7 676.6 -29.1 2

Furniture and related products .......................... 494.3 412.2 404.6 401.2 495.2 440.6 428.6 417.4 408.3 400.7 -7.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 630.3 600.3 596.8 597.1 632.5 618.4 611.0 604.5 601.1 600.5 -.6

Nondurable goods ................................................. 4,954 4,657 4,621 4,597 4,999 4,817 4,759 4,715 4,675 4,653 -22

Production workers ....................................... 3,658 3,402 3,367 3,352 3,696 3,541 3,488 3,452 3,415 3,402 -13

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,449.9 1,438.3 1,436.6 1,439.2 1,483.2 1,477.6 1,470.7 1,467.2 1,465.2 1,475.2 10.0

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 197.4 185.5 185.7 185.7 201.6 195.8 194.2 191.3 191.7 190.5 -1.2

Textile mills ......................................................... 155.5 128.9 127.5 126.8 155.9 136.8 133.6 130.0 128.2 127.6 -.6

Textile product mills ........................................... 151.5 133.4 128.6 126.1 150.1 141.2 137.4 134.2 129.4 127.2 -2.2

Apparel ................................................................ 202.5 174.3 171.9 168.2 202.5 183.5 178.9 176.3 173.0 169.1 -3.9

Leather and allied products ............................... 33.4 31.4 31.5 32.2 33.6 32.6 32.4 31.9 31.8 32.0 .2

Paper and paper products ................................. 448.8 419.1 415.6 412.9 450.6 433.4 427.3 422.5 419.1 415.6 -3.5

Printing and related support activities ............... 603.8 546.0 537.8 529.2 605.6 567.0 558.1 549.2 539.9 532.2 -7.7

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 115.0 110.4 111.3 113.3 115.9 116.9 114.2 114.6 114.5 114.6 .1

Chemicals ........................................................... 853.2 825.9 820.9 815.4 854.1 837.1 832.7 828.2 823.1 818.7 -4.4

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 742.9 663.9 653.6 648.4 745.5 694.9 679.7 669.3 659.2 650.6 -8.6

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2008

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2008

 Dec. 

2008

 Jan. 

2009

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

Change

from:

Mar. 2009-

Apr. 2009p

Service-providing .............................................. 116,102 112,885 113,005 113,301 115,975 114,542 114,206 113,820 113,439 113,170 -269

Private service-providing ............................... 93,256 90,042 90,075 90,306 93,524 92,010 91,666 91,273 90,898 90,557 -341

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 26,331 25,217 25,171 25,106 26,562 25,843 25,735 25,605 25,471 25,345 -126

Wholesale trade .................................................... 5,979.2 5,723.7 5,704.9 5,679.8 5,995.9 5,850.7 5,819.3 5,773.7 5,736.9 5,696.2 -40.7

Durable goods .................................................... 3,079.1 2,906.9 2,884.8 2,860.4 3,087.2 2,978.6 2,959.6 2,926.2 2,897.3 2,868.5 -28.8

Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,054.8 1,980.2 1,984.0 1,985.3 2,060.9 2,025.1 2,013.9 2,006.6 2,000.4 1,992.7 -7.7

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 845.3 836.6 836.1 834.1 847.8 847.0 845.8 840.9 839.2 835.0 -4.2

Retail trade ............................................................ 15,261.2 14,649.2 14,641.9 14,627.5 15,457.6 15,037.9 14,991.5 14,934.3 14,870.4 14,823.7 -46.7

Motor vehicle and parts dealers ........................ 1,882.3 1,688.9 1,684.4 1,687.0 1,885.1 1,745.6 1,730.1 1,716.8 1,701.7 1,690.1 -11.6 1

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,218.5 1,066.0 1,059.1 1,055.8 1,220.9 1,099.9 1,088.6 1,078.7 1,067.3 1,058.0 -9.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 542.5 493.4 489.7 486.5 549.5 514.2 508.3 499.7 497.9 492.5 -5.4

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 548.5 532.2 513.3 510.4 554.5 538.6 535.5 533.7 518.7 517.1 -1.6

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,281.7 1,157.2 1,168.7 1,207.1 1,254.5 1,227.8 1,214.9 1,207.1 1,193.3 1,185.8 -7.5

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,841.8 2,802.2 2,801.7 2,788.3 2,866.7 2,835.1 2,835.3 2,826.0 2,824.8 2,820.0 -4.8

Health and personal care stores ....................... 999.9 981.3 980.3 980.7 1,006.9 991.2 985.7 986.9 985.8 985.7 -.1

Gasoline stations ................................................ 842.5 820.9 820.5 825.0 848.5 834.4 833.0 832.1 830.3 831.2 .9

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,445.0 1,389.4 1,380.1 1,374.8 1,495.0 1,448.5 1,445.0 1,443.8 1,435.3 1,434.1 -1.2

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores ................................................................ 624.4 600.4 591.1 586.6 646.2 624.3 620.8 613.6 610.2 609.6 -.6

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 2,982.5 2,964.3 3,016.4 2,986.7 3,052.9 3,029.2 3,040.7 3,040.7 3,047.4 3,039.3 -8.1

Department stores .......................................... 1,522.7 1,489.5 1,502.2 1,477.4 1,576.4 1,521.2 1,529.1 1,532.6 1,531.9 1,518.3 -13.6

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................. 839.4 805.0 786.6 788.7 855.0 825.0 819.5 815.1 807.6 802.5 -5.1

Nonstore retailers ............................................... 430.7 414.0 409.1 405.7 442.8 424.0 422.7 418.8 417.4 415.8 -1.6

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,534.3 4,276.0 4,255.4 4,231.8 4,551.7 4,389.9 4,354.4 4,327.0 4,293.6 4,255.5 -38.1

Air transportation ................................................ 500.2 471.8 471.9 470.6 501.9 477.8 476.8 474.8 472.7 469.5 -3.2

Rail transportation .............................................. 231.2 222.3 222.3 222.3 231.1 226.8 227.1 224.1 223.4 221.9 -1.5

Water transportation ........................................... 65.0 57.6 57.2 57.4 66.2 60.3 59.7 60.9 60.0 58.6 -1.4

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,394.5 1,280.6 1,274.9 1,268.0 1,410.4 1,340.8 1,323.3 1,313.9 1,299.6 1,283.4 -16.2

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 439.5 419.9 419.4 414.9 423.0 410.1 408.1 406.4 405.4 399.2 -6.2

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 40.5 42.8 42.4 42.7 40.9 43.3 43.1 43.1 42.9 43.2 .3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 25.2 20.3 20.8 24.6 28.4 27.2 26.9 27.0 26.8 27.3 .5

Support activities for transportation ................... 593.3 557.8 547.3 545.3 593.0 579.5 569.3 561.0 552.7 550.9 -1.8

Couriers and messengers .................................. 572.3 558.3 551.9 549.4 577.8 564.6 563.2 563.7 558.4 557.4 -1.0

Warehousing and storage .................................. 672.6 644.6 647.3 636.6 679.0 659.5 656.9 652.1 651.7 644.1 -7.6

Utilities ................................................................... 556.0 568.2 568.7 566.8 557.1 564.6 569.3 570.0 570.3 569.8 -.5

Information ................................................................ 3,012 2,905 2,902 2,884 3,017 2,940 2,924 2,918 2,904 2,887 -17

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 890.6 833.7 826.0 818.9 893.2 857.8 846.3 836.3 828.1 822.6 -5.5

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 381.6 381.3 392.8 396.6 384.5 377.2 376.7 389.8 394.0 394.5 .5

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 316.7 300.4 298.1 294.9 317.3 308.1 306.5 302.5 299.4 297.0 -2.4

Telecommunications .......................................... 1,024.5 1,002.1 996.1 986.3 1,025.5 1,004.0 1,001.6 999.5 995.2 987.6 -7.6

Data processing, hosting and related services . 265.4 252.4 255.3 254.8 263.2 256.4 257.0 254.6 253.9 253.0 -.9

Other information services ................................. 133.1 134.8 133.2 132.8 132.9 136.5 135.7 134.8 133.4 132.6 -.8

Financial activities .................................................... 8,167 7,853 7,814 7,779 8,190 8,010 7,954 7,898 7,855 7,815 -40

Finance and insurance .......................................... 6,044.9 5,848.1 5,825.7 5,794.0 6,050.8 5,924.0 5,890.4 5,853.9 5,828.7 5,803.4 -25.3

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 22.7 20.8 20.8 20.5 22.7 21.3 21.0 20.9 20.8 20.5 -.3

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,756.3 2,648.7 2,634.1 2,616.0 2,756.6 2,680.8 2,665.3 2,648.8 2,633.7 2,619.7 -14.0

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,825.4 1,789.0 1,779.7 1,775.0 1,827.9 1,804.9 1,798.1 1,790.9 1,783.5 1,779.7 -3.8

Commercial banking .................................... 1,363.4 1,338.3 1,331.6 1,327.6 1,363.4 1,351.8 1,346.6 1,340.5 1,334.3 1,330.2 -4.1

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 867.0 814.0 807.1 797.9 867.4 839.9 826.5 814.9 807.5 800.5 -7.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,308.6 2,276.2 2,275.8 2,272.1 2,313.4 2,292.0 2,287.4 2,281.1 2,278.9 2,274.9 -4.0

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 90.3 88.4 87.9 87.5 90.7 90.0 90.2 88.2 87.8 87.8 .0

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,122.2 2,004.6 1,988.5 1,984.8 2,139.6 2,085.8 2,063.2 2,043.8 2,026.4 2,011.8 -14.6

Real estate .......................................................... 1,477.0 1,407.1 1,397.5 1,394.5 1,486.9 1,458.2 1,444.9 1,432.4 1,421.7 1,411.9 -9.8

Rental and leasing services ............................... 617.0 569.5 562.9 562.1 624.3 599.3 589.9 583.2 576.2 571.6 -4.6

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 28.2 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.4 28.3 28.4 28.2 28.5 28.3 -.2

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2008

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2008

 Dec. 

2008

 Jan. 

2009

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

Change

from:

Mar. 2009-

Apr. 2009p

Professional and business services ........................ 17,897 16,750 16,691 16,756 17,950 17,356 17,205 17,029 16,899 16,777 -122

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 7,893.6 7,797.9 7,754.9 7,739.8 7,833.7 7,797.2 7,765.5 7,729.2 7,700.5 7,683.4 -17.1

Legal services .................................................. 1,161.1 1,139.6 1,140.4 1,136.7 1,166.6 1,156.8 1,154.1 1,148.7 1,146.5 1,142.8 -3.7

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 1,053.9 1,061.2 1,038.8 1,028.2 954.1 933.7 927.5 924.4 925.3 927.9 2.6

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,438.0 1,371.8 1,357.9 1,353.4 1,451.7 1,419.4 1,411.1 1,394.2 1,379.5 1,366.0 -13.5

Computer systems design and related

services .......................................................... 1,436.9 1,459.5 1,451.8 1,451.1 1,441.7 1,466.8 1,462.4 1,463.7 1,459.0 1,457.6 -1.4

Management and technical consulting

services .......................................................... 993.0 1,010.2 1,006.4 1,010.1 999.2 1,020.5 1,025.7 1,021.6 1,017.3 1,018.9 1.6

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,892.7 1,854.8 1,850.2 1,828.2 1,903.8 1,872.1 1,871.7 1,862.1 1,854.8 1,839.6 -15.2

Administrative and waste services ....................... 8,110.8 7,097.6 7,085.4 7,187.6 8,212.0 7,686.3 7,567.5 7,437.8 7,343.4 7,253.5 -89.9

1 Administrative and support services ................. 7,754.9 6,743.8 6,731.6 6,829.2 7,853.6 7,324.4 7,203.1 7,076.5 6,982.6 6,892.2 -90.4

1 Employment services ...................................... 3,194.5 2,494.1 2,440.2 2,436.1 3,285.6 2,829.5 2,720.5 2,638.7 2,551.7 2,482.8 -68.9

Temporary help services ............................. 2,387.9 1,772.4 1,729.1 1,720.3 2,464.0 2,055.6 1,965.7 1,892.7 1,821.1 1,758.6 -62.5

Business support services .............................. 830.2 806.6 807.7 791.4 828.4 816.0 817.6 805.0 801.6 793.8 -7.8

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,848.8 1,628.4 1,655.0 1,777.1 1,853.8 1,818.1 1,812.5 1,796.8 1,787.9 1,780.7 -7.2

Waste management and remediation services 355.9 353.8 353.8 358.4 358.4 361.9 364.4 361.3 360.8 361.3 .5

Education and health services ................................ 18,906 19,237 19,277 19,322 18,752 19,080 19,119 19,138 19,148 19,163 15

Educational services ............................................. 3,166.8 3,218.0 3,221.5 3,227.1 3,017.4 3,063.1 3,088.4 3,083.1 3,077.2 3,075.1 -2.1

Health care and social assistance ........................15,739.2 16,019.4 16,055.4 16,094.8 15,734.1 16,017.0 16,030.3 16,054.7 16,071.1 16,087.9 16.8

3 Health care ......................................................... 13,213.5 13,472.8 13,496.0 13,523.6 13,239.1 13,475.9 13,490.2 13,515.0 13,528.9 13,545.6 16.7

1 Ambulatory health care services .................... 5,615.7 5,750.0 5,761.8 5,792.2 5,622.6 5,742.6 5,753.3 5,770.1 5,777.5 5,795.2 17.7

Offices of physicians .................................... 2,246.4 2,297.7 2,302.0 2,305.1 2,251.8 2,294.5 2,300.4 2,304.4 2,307.9 2,310.1 2.2

Outpatient care centers ................................ 531.2 537.6 536.9 540.7 530.4 536.7 538.0 538.5 537.5 540.5 3.0

Home health care services .......................... 946.5 985.1 991.4 1,006.0 948.7 980.7 981.4 991.0 994.8 1,003.6 8.8

Hospitals .......................................................... 4,594.8 4,700.1 4,700.1 4,697.8 4,610.4 4,703.7 4,707.5 4,711.3 4,711.4 4,712.0 .6

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............ 3,003.0 3,022.7 3,034.1 3,033.6 3,006.1 3,029.6 3,029.4 3,033.6 3,040.0 3,038.4 -1.6

Nursing care facilities ................................... 1,612.9 1,611.7 1,617.4 1,619.1 1,615.0 1,617.3 1,616.6 1,617.9 1,620.8 1,621.9 1.1

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,525.7 2,546.6 2,559.4 2,571.2 2,495.0 2,541.1 2,540.1 2,539.7 2,542.2 2,542.3 .1

Child day care services ................................... 882.0 873.0 873.5 873.6 859.9 864.3 862.7 860.4 856.4 853.5 -2.9

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 13,401 12,682 12,816 13,043 13,512 13,304 13,268 13,236 13,194 13,150 -44

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 1,936.7 1,744.0 1,773.8 1,854.5 1,984.9 1,947.1 1,943.8 1,936.2 1,925.9 1,896.9 -29.0

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 415.1 370.2 376.9 394.6 409.5 401.4 405.7 398.6 397.7 390.9 -6.8

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 130.1 119.1 120.8 128.3 132.9 130.8 130.3 130.9 129.9 130.0 .1

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,391.5 1,254.7 1,276.1 1,331.6 1,442.5 1,414.9 1,407.8 1,406.7 1,398.3 1,376.0 -22.3

Accommodation and food services ...................... 11,464.7 10,937.9 11,042.4 11,188.7 11,527.5 11,356.5 11,323.7 11,299.7 11,267.6 11,253.3 -14.3

Accommodation .................................................. 1,835.7 1,681.3 1,672.5 1,680.9 1,881.1 1,794.3 1,768.4 1,754.7 1,732.8 1,724.8 -8.0

Food services and drinking places .................... 9,629.0 9,256.6 9,369.9 9,507.8 9,646.4 9,562.2 9,555.3 9,545.0 9,534.8 9,528.5 -6.3

Other services .......................................................... 5,542 5,398 5,404 5,416 5,541 5,477 5,461 5,449 5,427 5,420 -7

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,249.4 1,165.3 1,164.8 1,168.7 1,242.2 1,189.9 1,184.7 1,177.3 1,167.6 1,165.1 -2.5

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,331.4 1,295.0 1,295.4 1,301.3 1,324.9 1,320.9 1,313.6 1,312.5 1,303.9 1,298.6 -5.3

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,960.9 2,937.7 2,943.9 2,945.5 2,973.5 2,965.7 2,963.1 2,958.7 2,955.2 2,956.3 1.1

Government .............................................................. 22,846 22,843 22,930 22,995 22,451 22,532 22,540 22,547 22,541 22,613 72

Federal ................................................................... 2,747 2,780 2,788 2,865 2,758 2,778 2,793 2,796 2,806 2,872 66

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 1,989.7 2,057.7 2,070.5 2,142.2 1,996.4 2,057.3 2,065.8 2,071.0 2,082.5 2,145.0 62.5

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 757.2 722.0 717.7 723.2 761.3 720.9 726.9 724.9 723.5 726.7 3.2

State government .................................................. 5,300 5,305 5,329 5,333 5,159 5,196 5,192 5,192 5,190 5,192 2

State government education .............................. 2,484.4 2,507.1 2,528.0 2,534.5 2,340.0 2,381.3 2,380.2 2,382.3 2,382.5 2,388.1 5.6

State government, excluding education ............ 2,815.2 2,798.3 2,801.0 2,798.8 2,819.4 2,814.8 2,811.6 2,809.4 2,807.6 2,803.6 -4.0

Local government .................................................. 14,799 14,758 14,813 14,797 14,534 14,558 14,555 14,559 14,545 14,549 4

Local government education ............................. 8,402.2 8,388.9 8,436.6 8,403.8 8,066.2 8,060.5 8,070.7 8,076.7 8,072.4 8,076.2 3.8

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,397.0 6,369.3 6,376.0 6,393.0 6,467.6 6,497.7 6,484.7 6,482.5 6,472.5 6,473.2 .7

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing

and residential care facilities.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2008

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2008

 Dec. 

2008

 Jan. 

2009

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

Change

from:

Mar. 2009-

Apr. 2009p

Total private ....................................... 33.6 33.2 33.2 32.8 33.8 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.2 33.2 0.0

Goods-producing .......................................... 40.2 38.6 38.7 38.4 40.4 39.4 39.3 39.2 39.0 39.0 .0

Mining and logging ................................................. 44.5 43.5 42.9 42.6 45.0 44.3 44.2 43.9 43.4 43.0 -.4

Construction ............................................................ 38.4 37.0 37.3 37.0 38.9 38.0 37.9 38.0 37.7 37.6 -.1

Manufacturing ......................................................... 41.0 39.2 39.2 38.9 41.0 39.9 39.8 39.5 39.4 39.6 .2

Overtime hours ............................................ 3.8 2.5 2.5 2.3 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7 .1

Durable goods ..................................................... 41.3 39.2 39.2 39.0 41.4 40.0 39.8 39.6 39.4 39.7 .3

Overtime hours ............................................ 3.9 2.3 2.3 2.1 4.0 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 .1

Wood products .................................................. 38.6 36.0 36.2 36.5 38.6 36.8 36.9 37.1 36.9 37.0 .1

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 42.2 38.6 39.2 40.2 42.3 40.9 40.2 40.0 39.9 40.2 .3

Primary metals .................................................. 42.3 39.8 40.3 39.3 42.6 40.5 40.4 40.1 40.2 40.1 -.1

Fabricated metal products .............................. 41.6 39.2 38.8 38.1 41.6 40.3 39.7 39.5 39.0 39.1 .1

Machinery .......................................................... 42.5 40.5 40.1 39.8 42.5 41.1 40.9 40.6 40.2 40.5 .3

Computer and electronic products ................ 40.9 40.3 39.8 39.6 41.1 40.4 40.7 40.5 39.9 40.3 .4

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 40.9 38.5 38.6 38.6 41.0 39.7 39.4 38.9 38.8 39.6 .8

Transportation equipment ............................... 42.5 40.1 40.2 40.2 42.5 40.9 40.4 40.1 40.3 41.0 .7

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 42.2 38.1 38.3 39.2 42.1 39.9 38.6 38.2 38.5 39.8 1.3

Furniture and related products ....................... 38.3 36.9 37.6 36.7 38.7 37.3 37.7 37.4 37.7 37.4 -.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 39.2 37.8 38.4 38.2 39.3 38.3 38.4 38.2 38.3 38.5 .2

Nondurable goods ............................................... 40.4 39.1 39.2 38.8 40.5 39.7 39.7 39.5 39.4 39.5 .1

Overtime hours ............................................ 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.6 3.9 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 .0

Food manufacturing ......................................... 40.4 39.3 39.5 38.7 40.8 39.8 40.1 39.9 40.0 40.0 .0

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 39.7 36.6 35.8 35.1 39.4 36.7 37.0 37.0 36.1 35.8 -.3

Textile mills ........................................................ 38.3 35.9 36.0 35.6 38.4 37.0 37.1 36.4 36.2 36.3 .1

Textile product mills ......................................... 38.2 37.0 37.0 36.7 38.3 37.1 37.0 37.1 37.0 37.1 .1

Apparel ............................................................... 36.8 35.4 36.3 35.7 36.6 36.0 36.0 35.6 36.1 36.1 .0

Leather and allied products ............................ 38.9 32.8 33.2 31.8 38.6 34.7 34.0 33.3 33.0 32.6 -.4

Paper and paper products .............................. 43.2 41.1 40.7 40.9 43.3 41.9 41.6 41.5 41.0 41.3 .3

Printing and related support activities ........... 38.4 37.1 37.6 37.0 38.5 38.0 37.7 37.3 37.5 37.5 .0

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 42.9 43.5 43.4 44.2 43.2 45.3 45.1 43.8 44.4 44.7 .3

Chemicals .......................................................... 41.3 41.1 40.9 40.7 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.1 40.9 40.9 .0

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 41.0 39.4 39.2 39.1 41.0 40.0 39.9 39.6 39.3 39.8 .5

Private service-providing ............................. 32.2 32.3 32.2 31.9 32.4 32.2 32.2 32.1 32.1 32.1 .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 33.1 32.7 32.7 32.6 33.3 32.9 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.8 .0

Wholesale trade ................................................... 38.2 38.0 37.8 37.4 38.3 37.8 38.1 37.9 37.7 37.8 .1

Retail trade ........................................................... 29.9 29.6 29.6 29.6 30.2 29.7 29.7 29.8 29.8 29.8 .0

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 36.2 35.4 36.1 35.5 36.6 36.2 36.0 35.7 36.0 36.0 .0

Utilities ................................................................... 42.7 43.3 42.2 42.4 42.6 42.9 42.6 43.2 42.5 42.4 -.1

Information ............................................................... 36.3 37.1 36.8 36.2 36.6 37.0 37.2 36.9 36.7 36.5 -.2

Financial activities .................................................. 35.7 36.8 36.4 35.8 35.9 35.9 36.2 36.2 36.0 36.0 .0

Professional and business services .................... 34.8 34.9 34.9 34.4 34.8 34.8 34.9 34.8 34.7 34.8 .1

Education and health services ............................. 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.3 32.6 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.4 32.5 .1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 25.2 24.9 24.8 24.6 25.4 25.0 24.8 25.0 24.8 24.8 .0

Other services ......................................................... 30.7 30.7 30.5 30.4 30.8 30.6 30.7 30.6 30.5 30.5 .0

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and logging and manufacturing,

construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately

four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

 Apr. 

2008

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2008

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

Total private ....................................... $17.95 $18.57 $18.56 $18.51 $603.12 $616.52 $616.19 $607.13

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 17.94 18.46 18.50 18.51 606.37 614.72 614.20 614.53

Goods-producing .......................................... 19.09 19.64 19.74 19.80 767.42 758.10 763.94 760.32

Mining and logging ................................................. 21.78 23.19 23.44 23.54 969.21 1,008.77 1,005.58 1,002.80

Construction ............................................................ 21.49 22.25 22.46 22.45 825.22 823.25 837.76 830.65

Manufacturing ......................................................... 17.64 18.07 18.09 18.14 723.24 708.34 709.13 705.65

Durable goods ..................................................... 18.59 19.09 19.18 19.22 767.77 748.33 751.86 749.58

Wood products .................................................. 14.00 14.77 14.68 14.70 540.40 531.72 531.42 536.55

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 17.12 17.03 17.22 17.45 722.46 657.36 675.02 701.49

Primary metals .................................................. 20.21 19.75 19.69 19.91 854.88 786.05 793.51 782.46

Fabricated metal products .............................. 16.82 17.30 17.30 17.45 699.71 678.16 671.24 664.85

Machinery .......................................................... 17.91 18.17 18.23 18.16 761.18 735.89 731.02 722.77

Computer and electronic products ................ 20.86 21.42 21.69 21.77 853.17 863.23 863.26 862.09

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 15.74 15.93 15.95 15.97 643.77 613.31 615.67 616.44

Transportation equipment ............................... 23.59 24.69 24.82 24.78 1,002.58 990.07 997.76 996.16

Furniture and related products ....................... 14.45 14.85 15.02 14.98 553.44 547.97 564.75 549.77

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 14.96 15.97 16.00 16.14 586.43 603.67 614.40 616.55

Nondurable goods ............................................... 16.03 16.48 16.42 16.49 647.61 644.37 643.66 639.81

Food manufacturing ......................................... 13.88 14.30 14.22 14.27 560.75 561.99 561.69 552.25

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 19.41 20.25 20.40 20.03 770.58 741.15 730.32 703.05

Textile mills ........................................................ 13.45 13.76 13.89 13.82 515.14 493.98 500.04 491.99

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.77 11.53 11.32 11.34 449.61 426.61 418.84 416.18

Apparel ............................................................... 11.51 11.40 11.25 11.50 423.57 403.56 408.38 410.55

Leather and allied products ............................ 12.63 14.19 14.18 14.27 491.31 465.43 470.78 453.79

Paper and paper products .............................. 18.64 18.99 18.90 19.17 805.25 780.49 769.23 784.05

Printing and related support activities ........... 16.63 16.79 16.72 16.78 638.59 622.91 628.67 620.86

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 26.96 29.57 29.82 28.88 1,156.58 1,286.30 1,294.19 1,276.50

Chemicals .......................................................... 19.35 19.96 19.93 19.94 799.16 820.36 815.14 811.56

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 15.80 16.22 16.17 16.20 647.80 639.07 633.86 633.42

Private service-providing ............................. 17.67 18.33 18.31 18.24 568.97 592.06 589.58 581.86

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 16.13 16.47 16.43 16.41 533.90 538.57 537.26 534.97

Wholesale trade ................................................... 20.01 20.65 20.66 20.70 764.38 784.70 780.95 774.18

Retail trade ........................................................... 12.89 12.99 13.01 13.02 385.41 384.50 385.10 385.39

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 18.30 18.73 18.54 18.51 662.46 663.04 669.29 657.11

Utilities ................................................................... 28.70 29.70 29.41 29.52 1,225.49 1,286.01 1,241.10 1,251.65

Information ............................................................... 24.56 25.12 25.39 25.27 891.53 931.95 934.35 914.77

Financial activities .................................................. 20.21 20.68 20.70 20.66 721.50 761.02 753.48 739.63

Professional and business services .................... 20.91 22.52 22.54 22.28 727.67 785.95 786.65 766.43

Education and health services ............................. 18.75 19.26 19.20 19.29 607.50 624.02 624.00 623.07

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 10.81 11.06 10.99 10.97 272.41 275.39 272.55 269.86

Other services ......................................................... 16.09 16.34 16.34 16.30 493.96 501.64 498.37 495.52

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector 

and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total private:

 Apr. 

2008

 Dec. 

2008

 Jan. 

2009

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

Percent

change from:

Mar. 2009-

Apr. 2009 p

Current dollars ................................................ $17.94 $18.40 $18.43 $18.46 $18.50 $18.51 0.1

Constant (1982) dollars 2................................. 8.29 8.65 8.64 8.61 8.64 N.A.

Goods-producing .......................................................... 19.16 19.69 19.72 19.78 19.86 19.84 -.1

Mining and logging ................................................................. 21.77 23.23 23.14 23.14 23.41 23.49 .3

Construction ............................................................................ 21.62 22.41 22.43 22.42 22.60 22.57 -.1

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 17.64 17.96 17.99 18.07 18.11 18.13 .1

.....................................................

4 Excluding overtime 16.82 17.33 17.36 17.47 17.53 17.53 .0

Durable goods ..................................................................... 18.61 18.94 18.99 19.09 19.18 19.21 .2

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 16.01 16.39 16.43 16.49 16.46 16.49 .2

Private service-providing ............................................. 17.63 18.10 18.14 18.17 18.19 18.22 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 16.08 16.31 16.36 16.38 16.37 16.40 .2

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 20.05 20.31 20.41 20.52 20.60 20.70 .5

Retail trade ........................................................................... 12.84 12.94 12.97 12.96 12.97 12.98 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 18.31 18.66 18.72 18.67 18.62 18.62 .0

Utilities ................................................................................... 28.54 29.16 29.22 29.67 29.29 29.36 .2

Information ............................................................................... 24.56 24.91 24.98 25.09 25.30 25.27 -.1

Financial activities .................................................................. 20.17 20.53 20.53 20.55 20.63 20.63 .0

Professional and business services .................................... 20.90 21.97 22.04 22.17 22.28 22.30 .1

Education and health services ............................................. 18.74 19.20 19.18 19.24 19.21 19.29 .4

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 10.81 10.94 10.97 10.97 10.97 10.96 -.1

Other services ......................................................................... 16.00 16.29 16.30 16.25 16.23 16.23 .0

3( )

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers

(CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.

3 Change was .3 percent from Feb. 2009 to Mar. 2009, the latest month

available.

4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time

and one-half.

N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2008

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2008

 Dec. 

2008

 Jan. 

2009

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

Percent

change from:

Mar. 2009-

Apr. 2009p

Total private ....................................... 106.2 99.6 99.5 98.6 107.4 103.2 102.5 101.9 100.9 100.3 -0.6

Goods-producing .......................................... 97.1 82.0 81.1 80.3 99.0 90.4 88.1 86.5 84.3 82.9 -1.7

Mining and logging ................................................. 132.0 130.1 124.9 121.6 135.6 139.1 138.3 135.1 129.6 125.9 -2.9

Construction ............................................................ 105.9 85.8 85.9 86.7 110.4 99.8 97.5 96.1 93.0 90.6 -2.6

Manufacturing ......................................................... 91.7 78.3 77.1 75.6 92.2 84.0 81.7 79.8 78.3 77.6 -.9

Durable goods ..................................................... 94.4 78.1 76.6 75.0 94.9 84.6 81.6 79.6 77.6 76.6 -1.3

Wood products .................................................. 79.5 57.9 58.8 60.0 80.6 66.7 64.6 62.5 62.1 61.7 -.6

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 93.0 72.0 72.3 76.8 94.1 84.0 81.0 78.9 76.6 77.2 .8

Primary metals .................................................. 90.2 71.3 70.2 65.6 90.5 78.1 75.6 72.0 70.1 67.3 -4.0

Fabricated metal products .............................. 103.2 86.4 83.4 79.7 103.6 93.8 89.8 87.4 84.1 82.2 -2.3

Machinery .......................................................... 103.6 88.5 84.7 82.4 104.0 94.8 91.8 88.9 85.4 84.3 -1.3

Computer and electronic products ................ 102.7 93.3 91.2 89.0 103.5 96.8 96.4 94.1 91.5 91.0 -.5

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 88.9 78.1 76.0 74.1 89.5 83.8 81.8 79.1 76.7 76.3 -.5

Transportation equipment ............................... 92.5 72.1 71.6 69.7 91.9 79.0 73.2 72.4 71.7 70.6 -1.5

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 77.4 52.8 52.7 51.8 76.2 61.3 53.5 53.2 52.7 51.8 -1.7

Furniture and related products ....................... 77.7 60.8 60.7 58.7 78.7 66.1 64.7 62.5 61.4 59.9 -2.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 90.2 82.2 82.1 82.4 90.7 85.9 84.8 83.7 82.6 83.3 .8

Nondurable goods ............................................... 87.1 78.4 77.8 76.6 88.2 82.8 81.6 80.3 79.3 79.2 -.1

Food manufacturing ......................................... 98.2 94.4 94.5 92.9 101.7 98.6 98.7 98.0 97.9 98.7 .8

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 89.6 83.6 82.1 80.7 92.1 89.3 90.1 88.8 86.4 85.1 -1.5

Textile mills ........................................................ 49.2 37.2 37.0 36.4 49.4 40.7 39.7 38.2 37.2 37.3 .3

Textile product mills ......................................... 72.1 61.0 58.5 56.9 71.5 65.0 62.7 61.4 58.6 57.6 -1.7

Apparel ............................................................... 57.9 47.6 48.0 45.7 57.8 51.3 49.7 48.4 48.0 46.6 -2.9

Leather and allied products ............................ 71.2 56.8 57.7 56.9 71.1 62.5 60.9 59.1 58.4 58.3 -.2

Paper and paper products .............................. 84.6 75.0 73.3 73.3 85.3 79.8 77.9 76.4 74.8 74.8 .0

Printing and related support activities ........... 87.8 75.7 75.6 73.0 88.3 80.6 78.7 76.5 75.6 74.5 -1.5

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 96.6 83.5 84.1 90.7 98.9 98.4 93.3 89.2 89.9 93.7 4.2

Chemicals .......................................................... 95.3 90.2 89.0 87.8 95.2 91.8 91.0 90.4 89.1 88.2 -1.0

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 89.1 75.1 73.3 72.5 89.1 80.2 78.0 76.2 74.4 74.6 .3

Private service-providing ............................. 108.5 104.9 104.7 104.0 109.5 107.0 106.6 105.9 105.4 105.0 -.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 103.1 97.4 97.2 96.7 104.8 100.6 100.2 99.3 98.9 98.3 -.6

Wholesale trade ................................................... 109.2 103.4 102.4 100.8 109.9 105.5 105.6 104.2 102.9 102.2 -.7

Retail trade ........................................................... 99.1 94.1 94.1 94.0 101.6 97.1 96.8 96.8 96.4 96.0 -.4

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 107.7 99.2 100.8 98.5 109.3 104.2 102.8 101.2 101.6 100.7 -.9

Utilities ................................................................... 97.6 101.4 98.7 98.6 97.7 100.2 100.1 101.6 99.8 99.2 -.6

Information ............................................................... 99.7 98.3 97.6 95.3 100.7 99.6 99.4 98.4 97.5 96.6 -.9

Financial activities .................................................. 107.2 106.8 105.1 102.9 108.3 106.2 106.5 105.8 104.6 103.9 -.7

Professional and business services .................... 114.9 106.7 106.4 105.3 115.4 110.8 110.1 108.6 107.4 106.8 -.6

Education and health services ............................. 115.6 117.9 118.5 118.1 115.4 116.9 117.2 116.9 117.4 117.8 .3

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 109.4 102.0 102.8 103.9 111.2 107.8 106.7 107.2 106.0 105.7 -.3

Other services ......................................................... 99.6 97.0 96.5 96.5 99.9 98.3 98.2 97.6 97.0 96.9 -.1

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and

motor vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The index of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing

the current months estimates of aggregate hours by the

corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates

are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production

and nonsupervisory worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2008

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2008

 Dec. 

2008

 Jan. 

2009

 Feb. 

2009

 Mar. 

2009p

 Apr. 

2009p

Percent

change from:

Mar. 2009-

Apr. 2009p

Total private ....................................... 127.3 123.6 123.4 121.9 128.7 126.9 126.2 125.7 124.7 124.0 -0.6

Goods-producing .......................................... 113.5 98.6 98.1 97.4 116.1 109.0 106.4 104.7 102.5 100.7 -1.8

Mining and logging ................................................. 167.1 175.5 170.3 166.4 171.7 188.0 186.2 181.8 176.5 172.0 -2.5

Construction ............................................................ 122.9 103.0 104.2 105.1 128.9 120.8 118.0 116.4 113.5 110.5 -2.6

Manufacturing ......................................................... 105.8 92.5 91.2 89.7 106.3 98.7 96.1 94.3 92.7 92.0 -.8

Durable goods ..................................................... 109.6 93.0 91.8 90.0 110.2 100.1 96.8 94.9 92.9 91.9 -1.1

Nondurable goods ............................................... 98.6 91.3 90.2 89.3 99.8 95.9 94.7 93.6 92.2 92.3 .1

Private service-providing ............................. 131.4 131.8 131.4 130.1 132.4 132.8 132.6 131.9 131.5 131.2 -.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 118.6 114.4 114.0 113.2 120.3 117.0 116.9 116.1 115.4 115.0 -.3

Wholesale trade ................................................... 128.7 125.8 124.7 122.9 129.8 126.2 126.9 126.0 124.9 124.7 -.2

Retail trade ........................................................... 109.5 104.8 105.0 105.0 111.8 107.7 107.7 107.5 107.2 106.8 -.4

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 125.0 117.8 118.5 115.7 127.0 123.3 122.1 119.9 120.0 119.0 -.8

Utilities ................................................................... 116.9 125.7 121.2 121.5 116.4 121.9 122.1 125.8 122.1 121.6 -.4

Information ............................................................... 121.3 122.3 122.7 119.3 122.5 122.8 122.9 122.2 122.1 120.9 -1.0

Financial activities .................................................. 133.9 136.6 134.6 131.4 135.0 134.9 135.1 134.4 133.4 132.5 -.7

Professional and business services .................... 142.9 143.0 142.7 139.7 143.5 144.9 144.3 143.3 142.3 141.7 -.4

Education and health services ............................. 142.5 149.2 149.6 149.8 142.1 147.5 147.8 147.9 148.2 149.4 .8

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 134.3 128.2 128.3 129.4 136.5 133.9 132.9 133.6 132.1 131.5 -.5

Other services ......................................................... 116.8 115.5 114.9 114.6 116.5 116.6 116.6 115.6 114.7 114.5 -.2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The index of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by

dividing the current months estimates of aggregate payrolls

by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate

payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory

worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 271 industries

Manufacturing payrolls, 83 industries

1

1

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Time span

2005 ......................................................... 52.6 60.1 54.1 58.1 56.8 58.3 58.5 59.2 54.2 55.9 62.7 57.6

2006 ......................................................... 64.9 62.2 63.8 59.8 49.1 51.8 59.2 55.4 55.7 56.3 59.4 60.7

2007 ......................................................... 53.5 55.5 52.4 49.4 55.9 48.3 50.7 46.5 55.9 57.2 59.4 57.9

2008 ......................................................... 42.1 40.6 44.1 41.1 42.6 36.9 37.6 39.1 34.7 33.0 27.1 20.5

2009 ......................................................... 22.1 20.8 p 20.3 p 28.2

2005 ......................................................... 51.7 57.2 59.0 59.8 57.9 62.0 60.5 62.9 60.3 55.5 56.3 62.7

2006 ......................................................... 67.7 68.6 65.1 65.1 60.5 58.9 55.5 57.0 55.0 54.4 59.0 64.2

2007 ......................................................... 62.5 54.8 54.2 54.8 54.1 50.4 52.8 48.7 53.3 53.9 58.3 62.5

2008 ......................................................... 57.7 44.8 40.2 39.7 37.3 33.6 33.6 32.8 34.9 33.2 26.9 20.8

2009 ......................................................... 18.6 14.2 p 14.6 p 15.9

2005 ......................................................... 55.4 57.9 58.1 57.0 58.3 60.9 63.1 63.3 61.6 59.6 61.4 62.5

2006 ......................................................... 64.6 63.8 67.5 66.2 65.5 66.6 60.3 61.1 57.9 57.9 62.4 59.0

2007 ......................................................... 60.3 57.2 60.5 58.3 55.5 56.5 52.8 52.4 56.6 54.4 56.8 59.0

2008 ......................................................... 56.6 53.0 50.7 47.4 40.2 33.4 31.0 33.4 30.6 29.0 26.0 24.4

2009 ......................................................... 21.6 17.2 p 14.2 p 15.1

2005 ......................................................... 60.9 60.9 60.0 59.2 58.3 60.3 61.3 63.3 60.7 59.2 59.8 61.8

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 65.5 65.9 62.9 65.5 66.8 64.8 64.4 66.6 65.9 64.9 66.2

2007 ......................................................... 63.3 59.4 61.1 59.6 59.2 58.3 56.8 57.2 59.4 58.9 58.1 59.6

2008 ......................................................... 54.4 56.1 52.6 49.1 50.2 47.8 43.7 42.3 38.0 37.8 32.3 28.2

2009 ......................................................... 24.0 22.0 p 19.7 p 18.6

2005 ......................................................... 36.7 46.4 42.2 46.4 40.4 33.7 41.0 43.4 45.8 47.6 44.6 47.0

2006 ......................................................... 57.8 49.4 53.6 47.0 37.3 50.6 49.4 42.2 40.4 42.8 41.0 44.0

2007 ......................................................... 44.6 41.0 30.7 24.7 38.0 32.5 43.4 30.7 39.2 42.8 60.8 48.2

2008 ......................................................... 30.7 28.9 37.3 32.5 40.4 25.3 25.9 27.7 22.9 18.7 15.1 10.2

2009 ......................................................... 6.0 9.6 p 12.7 p 26.5

2005 ......................................................... 36.7 43.4 41.0 41.6 35.5 36.1 34.9 36.7 42.2 44.0 38.6 48.8

2006 ......................................................... 56.6 57.2 48.2 48.2 44.6 50.0 43.4 45.2 36.7 33.1 35.5 39.2

2007 ......................................................... 40.4 33.1 33.1 28.9 29.5 30.1 31.9 28.9 30.7 30.7 39.2 51.2

2008 ......................................................... 48.8 33.7 28.3 29.5 26.5 22.9 19.9 16.9 22.3 21.1 15.1 11.4

2009 ......................................................... 6.0 3.6 p 2.4 p 10.8

2005 ......................................................... 33.7 39.8 38.0 36.1 35.5 34.9 39.8 36.1 36.1 38.0 36.7 39.8

2006 ......................................................... 45.2 45.2 50.6 48.8 50.6 50.0 45.2 47.0 43.4 42.2 39.8 34.3

2007 ......................................................... 37.3 33.1 29.5 28.9 30.7 34.9 28.9 26.5 29.5 28.3 33.7 38.0

2008 ......................................................... 34.3 30.1 37.3 35.5 25.3 20.5 17.5 18.1 16.9 13.3 11.4 9.6

2009 ......................................................... 9.0 4.8 p 4.8 p 7.2

2005 ......................................................... 45.2 44.0 42.2 41.0 36.7 35.5 32.5 34.3 33.1 33.7 33.7 38.0

2006 ......................................................... 44.0 41.0 41.0 39.8 39.8 45.2 42.2 42.8 47.0 48.8 45.8 44.6

2007 ......................................................... 39.8 36.7 37.3 30.7 28.9 29.5 30.7 28.9 33.1 28.9 34.3 35.5

2008 ......................................................... 27.7 28.9 25.9 25.3 30.7 27.1 24.7 19.3 21.7 21.7 16.9 15.1

2009 ......................................................... 8.4 4.8 p 4.8 p 4.8

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing

plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where

50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing

and decreasing employment.