U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – OCTOBER 2019 

U.S. import prices fell 0.5 percent in October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, following 

a 0.1-percent increase the previous month. The decrease in October was driven by lower petroleum prices, 

which declined 3.7 percent; prices for all imports excluding petroleum fell 0.1 percent. The price index for 

U.S. exports decreased 0.1 percent in October, after declining 0.2 percent in September.

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: October 2018 – October 2019

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports decreased 0.5 percent in October, after rising 0.1 percent in September and declining 

0.6 percent in August. The U.S. import price index declined 3.0 percent from October 2018 to October 

2019. The 3.0-percent 12-month decrease was the largest over-the-year decline since the index fell 3.7 

percent during the period ended July 2016. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices declined 2.9 percent in October after increasing 1.5 percent the previous 

month. A 3.7-percent drop in petroleum prices drove the October decrease, more than offsetting a 32.0-

percent increase in natural gas prices. Fuel prices declined 13.7 percent over the past year. Prices for import 

petroleum fell 14.7 percent for the year ended in October and natural gas prices declined 1.6 percent over 

the same period. 

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Oct'18 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct'19

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, November 15, 2019 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-19-1983
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports declined 0.2 percent in October following 2 

consecutive monthly decreases. Falling prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; foods, feeds, 

and beverages; consumer goods; and capital goods all contributed to the October decline. The price index 

for nonfuel imports declined 1.4 percent over the past 12 months, driven primarily by a 1.6-percent drop in 

capital goods prices and a 3.0-percent decrease in prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials decreased 0.9 

percent in October, after increasing 0.5 percent in September. The drop in October was driven by a 2.2-

percent decrease in prices for unfinished metals. 

 

Finished Goods: Prices for imported finished goods mostly decreased in October. The price indexes for both 

consumer and capital goods declined 0.1 percent in October after each decreased 0.1 percent in September. 

The price index for automotive vehicles was unchanged in October after declining 0.1 percent the previous 

month. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for import foods, feeds, and beverages fell 0.4 percent in 

October following a 0.8-percent decrease in September. A 3.6-percent decrease in vegetable prices led the 

October decline. 

 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: October 2018 – October 2019 

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports decreased 0.1 percent in October following a 0.2-percent drop in 

September and a 0.6-percent decrease in August. Price decreases for nonagricultural exports in October 

offset increased prices for agricultural exports. Overall export prices declined 2.2 percent over the past year, 

the largest 12-month decrease in the index since a 2.4-percent drop in August 2016. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices increased 1.9 percent in October, after falling 1.7 percent 

the previous month. A 4.9-percent increase in soybean prices drove the October advance. Agricultural 

export prices increased 2.2 percent from October 2018 to October 2019.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports decreased 0.3 percent in October 

following a 0.1-percent drop in September and a 0.3-percent decline in August. Price declines for 

nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials, capital goods, and consumer goods led the October 

decrease. The price index for nonagricultural exports fell 2.7 percent during the 12 months ended in 

October, the largest over-the-year decline since a 3.0-percent drop in July 2016. Lower prices for 

nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials led the October 12-month drop. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 

and materials decreased 0.6 percent in October following a 0.2-percent drop in September. The October 

decline was driven by lower prices for paper, chemicals, and nonferrous metals. Nonagricultural industrial 

supplies and materials prices fell 8.4 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since a 9.8-

percent decline in June 2016. 

Finished Goods: Prices for export finished goods were mostly down in October. Capital goods prices fell 

0.3 percent; consumer goods prices decreased 0.2 percent; and prices for automotive vehicles were 

unchanged. The October decline in capital goods prices was led by a 1.5-percent drop in the price index for 

computers, peripherals, and semiconductors. Consumer goods prices were driven down by lower prices for 

household goods. 

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0.2

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3.1

1.8

1.1

-0.2

0.2 0.6

0.2

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-0.9

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3.0

4.0

Oct'18 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct'19

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China decreased 0.1 percent in October, after 

falling 0.1 percent in each of the 2 previous months; import prices from China have not increased on a 

monthly basis since advancing 0.1 percent in May 2018. The price index for imports from China declined 

1.6 percent over the past year. Import prices from Japan edged up 0.1 percent in October following a 

decrease of 0.1 percent in September. Import prices from Japan increased 0.2 percent over the past 12 

months. Prices for imports from the European Union decreased 0.1 percent in October, after increasing 0.1 

percent the previous month. The price index for imports from Canada decreased 1.5 percent in October, the 

largest monthly decline since falling 4.4 percent in June 2019. Import prices from Canada rose 2.2 percent 

over the past year. Prices for imports from Mexico declined 0.3 percent in October following a 0.2-percent 

drop in September. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China declined 0.2 percent in October, after 

edging down 0.1 percent in September. Export prices to China fell 1.6 percent over the past year. Prices for 

exports to Japan rose 0.7 percent in October following a 0.3-percent increase the previous month. The price 

index for exports to Japan advanced 0.5 percent over the past year. Prices for exports to the European Union 

decreased 0.4 percent in October. Despite the October decline, export prices to the European Union rose 0.8 

percent over the past 12 months. The price index for exports to Canada increased 0.2 percent in October and 

export prices to Mexico decreased 0.2 percent. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 

decreased 0.1 percent in October, after recording no change in September. In October, lower export prices to 

China more than offset price declines for imports from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China 

was unchanged from October 2018 to October 2019. U.S. terms of trade with Japan increased 0.5 percent in 

October following a 0.4-percent advance in September. The U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 0.2 percent 

over the year ended in October. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union decreased 0.3 

percent in October, after declining 0.1 percent the previous month. The U.S terms of trade with Mexico 

ticked up 0.1 percent in October and decreased 1.3 percent over the past 12 months. U.S. terms of trade with 

Canada increased 1.7 percent in October and declined 2.6 percent over the past year. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 3.4 percent in October following a 9.1-percent advance in 

September. Higher Asian fares drove the October increase. Import air passenger fares fell 4.9 percent over 

the 12 months ended in October. Import air freight prices increased 1.4 percent in October and fell 9.2 

percent over the past year. (See table 10.) 

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares declined 2.1 percent in October, after a 5.2-percent 

decrease the previous month. Lower Asian, Latin American/Caribbean, and European fares contributed to 

the October decline. Export air passenger fares fell 3.6 percent from October 2018 to October 2019. Export 

air freight prices increased 0.4 percent in October following a 1.4-percent drop in September. Prices for 

export air freight declined 1.5 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year decrease since a 

2.9-percent drop in November 2018. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for November are scheduled for release on Friday, December 13, 2019 at 

8:30 a.m. (EST). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2018 to

October 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Sept.

20191

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 125.0 124.4 -3.0 0.0 -0.6 0.1 -0.5

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.680 99.1 98.9 -1.3 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.2

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 89.957 111.8 111.7 -1.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 89.627 116.0 115.8 -1.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 5.947 176.7 176.0 -3.9 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8 -0.4

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.587 191.8 191.0 -5.1 -0.5 -1.2 -1.0 -0.4

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.361 143.1 142.6 0.4 -0.3 1.8 -0.1 -0.3

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.356 187.3 184.0 -8.0 0.2 -2.1 0.9 -1.8

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.464 152.3 152.1 -3.1 0.0 -0.1 0.5 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 13.985 174.8 173.3 -3.0 0.2 -0.3 0.5 -0.9

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 8.903 167.8 166.0 -1.1 0.7 0.1 1.0 -1.1

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.410 133.3 135.1 -5.7 -1.1 -0.4 -0.2 1.4

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 10.373 209.0 202.9 -13.7 0.1 -4.4 1.5 -2.9

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 10.043 229.5 220.9 -14.7 0.3 -4.7 1.5 -3.7

Crude........................................ 10000 7.197 235.5 223.1 -17.8 -0.8 -5.2 1.6 -5.3

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.329 75.0 91.7 -7.9 -6.0 6.3 0.9 22.3

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.240 59.4 78.4 -1.6 -3.7 6.4 1.5 32.0

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.553 115.7 114.3 -7.4 -3.1 -0.3 -0.6 -1.2

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.528 154.7 154.3 -5.9 -0.4 -1.1 -0.3 -0.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.491 142.4 142.4 -2.1 0.9 -1.1 0.7 0.0

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.877 238.1 232.9 -0.1 1.0 0.8 2.1 -2.2

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.778 158.0 156.7 -2.5 0.4 0.0 0.3 -0.8

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.756 113.1 113.0 -1.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Capital goods................................... 2 27.806 88.0 87.9 -1.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.454 119.9 120.5 2.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.5

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.043 79.9 79.7 -2.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.310 136.9 136.9 1.7 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.719 109.6 109.6 -0.8 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.171 107.0 106.9 -0.4 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.509 123.9 123.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.400 91.4 91.2 -1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.262 116.5 116.5 1.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2018 to

October 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Sept.

20191

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 125.2 125.1 -2.2 0.2 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.391 173.5 176.8 2.2 0.2 -2.4 -1.7 1.9

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 81.029 101.4 101.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.3

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.609 121.5 121.1 -2.7 0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.772 177.7 181.1 3.3 0.2 -2.1 -1.6 1.9

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.145 175.5 179.1 3.5 0.2 -2.3 -1.8 2.1

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.627 218.2 219.5 1.4 0.5 1.3 1.5 0.6

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 31.931 152.8 152.1 -8.3 0.5 -1.1 -0.3 -0.5

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.528 167.8 166.6 2.6 0.7 0.9 0.5 -0.7

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 21.404 146.4 145.9 -13.1 0.3 -2.1 -0.6 -0.3

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.215 166.3 168.0 -5.6 -0.3 -2.9 -1.0 1.0

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 30.716 152.5 151.6 -8.4 0.5 -1.0 -0.2 -0.6

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 10.199 175.3 175.3 -19.9 1.4 -3.4 -0.6 0.0

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.535 157.5 156.2 -2.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.8

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.982 119.4 117.9 -3.2 -0.7 -0.8 0.2 -1.3

Capital goods................................... 2 36.418 110.9 110.6 0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.3

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.780 117.3 117.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.818 94.9 94.6 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.3

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 8.821 182.8 182.6 3.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.241 114.2 114.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.637 110.5 110.3 0.5 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 5.983 107.9 108.1 1.3 0.7 -0.4 -0.4 0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.206 107.6 107.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.4 -0.2 -0.5

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.448 99.2 99.0 – 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2018 to October 2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Sept.

20191

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.646 111.8 107.6 -13.1 -0.9 -4.3 0.9 -3.8

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.847 172.1 169.9 -9.8 -0.7 -2.5 -1.6 -1.3

Crop production............................... 111 1.480 182.8 180.1 -11.7 -1.1 -3.5 -1.9 -1.5

Mining............................................ 21 7.799 105.7 101.2 -13.9 -1.0 -4.7 1.4 -4.3

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 7.544 105.4 100.7 -14.7 -0.9 -4.9 1.5 -4.5

Manufacturing..................................... 90.055 110.9 110.8 -1.3 0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.226 125.0 125.0 0.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.0

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.368 153.8 153.7 -1.2 -0.8 0.0 -0.3 -0.1

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.152 125.5 125.4 2.8 0.1 2.4 -0.4 -0.1

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.367 99.8 99.9 -0.2 2.0 -1.1 -0.2 0.1

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.928 108.0 108.1 -0.8 -0.7 0.0 -0.3 0.1

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.773 112.6 112.5 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.637 123.1 123.0 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 17.552 125.8 125.6 -2.9 0.6 -0.9 0.2 -0.2

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.024 110.4 109.3 -5.9 -1.7 -0.3 -0.5 -1.0

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.621 102.2 101.9 -5.5 4.0 -3.6 1.5 -0.3

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 9.569 138.5 138.3 -2.3 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.265 118.6 118.9 -0.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.3

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.036 130.7 130.7 -0.4 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.0

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 61.278 103.5 103.3 -1.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.449 157.7 154.2 -0.7 0.8 0.3 1.5 -2.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.129 126.7 126.4 -0.9 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.2

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.335 119.0 118.7 0.2 0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.3

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.196 72.2 72.3 -3.3 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.181 117.5 117.4 1.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.703 108.9 108.9 -0.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.868 116.3 116.2 -1.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.417 118.7 118.3 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2018 to October 2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Sept.

20191

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.673 126.3 127.8 -6.8 -0.8 -3.3 -0.8 1.2

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.598 143.8 149.2 2.8 0.0 -4.2 -2.1 3.8

Crop production............................... 111 4.254 149.7 155.7 3.1 -0.1 -4.6 -2.3 4.0

Mining............................................ 21 4.074 81.0 79.6 -18.2 -1.7 -2.3 0.7 -1.7

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.257 109.4 108.9 -4.6 -1.3 -0.3 -3.5 -0.5

Manufacturing..................................... 90.120 116.5 116.3 -1.4 0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.792 140.0 139.9 0.3 0.3 -0.4 -0.8 -0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.640 157.8 157.7 1.0 0.4 -0.2 -1.1 -0.1

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.656 121.9 122.5 0.2 0.8 -0.3 -0.9 0.5

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.013 113.5 113.5 -7.0 0.9 -1.4 -0.5 0.0

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.516 96.0 95.4 -6.0 -0.5 -1.0 -0.3 -0.6

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.652 121.7 119.7 -9.9 -1.6 -1.4 -0.6 -1.6

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.038 105.7 106.9 -18.7 3.5 -3.8 -1.7 1.1

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.413 118.1 117.8 -2.3 0.2 -0.6 -0.3 -0.3

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.303 117.2 117.2 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.862 119.3 119.1 2.4 0.0 0.0 1.4 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 58.315 115.4 115.2 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 -0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.250 153.5 152.8 7.8 1.7 2.6 1.4 -0.5

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.020 148.3 149.2 5.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.6

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.645 130.1 130.6 2.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.4

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.936 82.1 81.4 -2.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.9

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.817 117.4 117.3 -0.5 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.827 128.9 128.8 1.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.400 122.5 122.5 1.5 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.421 120.6 120.5 0.1 -0.2 0.6 -0.2 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2018 to

October 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sept.

20191

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.395 195.2 193.8 0.2 -0.3 0.7 -0.7 -0.7

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.378 261.5 258.7 7.9 -1.2 0.5 -0.9 -1.1

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.732 139.0 137.8 -3.1 -0.1 0.6 -0.9 -0.9

Vegetable products............................... II 1.804 203.0 199.6 -11.1 -1.3 -2.9 -1.5 -1.7

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.489 502.8 476.9 -11.4 -7.9 6.6 1.0 -5.2

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.596 105.2 104.7 -20.7 1.9 -9.9 -8.0 -0.5

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.341 203.4 199.2 -2.6 -0.1 -3.3 6.5 -2.1

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.222 83.3 84.9 -11.0 0.4 0.7 -2.1 1.9

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.866 166.5 166.8 0.7 0.0 0.9 -0.2 0.2

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.220 95.3 98.3 1.7 0.6 -1.8 -1.3 3.1

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.368 172.4 171.9 -1.7 0.6 0.6 0.1 -0.3

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.103 135.7 135.6 2.5 0.1 2.5 -0.4 -0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 10.361 209.3 203.4 -13.5 0.0 -4.2 1.4 -2.8

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.043 206.3 200.3 -14.0 0.0 -4.4 1.4 -2.9

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 8.942 156.5 156.6 -1.8 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.495 280.9 285.2 -14.8 -0.5 -3.9 0.8 1.5

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.016 126.1 126.9 -4.0 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 0.6

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.418 154.7 154.7 1.7 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.0

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100).................... 31 0.271 81.8 77.2 -14.4 -6.6 -0.6 3.2 -5.6

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.601 103.2 103.4 -0.2 0.6 -0.4 -0.4 0.2

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.579 102.2 102.1 -4.5 0.4 -0.4 -0.9 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.479 139.9 140.0 -1.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.326 142.6 142.7 -1.8 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.153 136.5 136.8 0.4 -0.7 -0.4 0.0 0.2

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.618 123.9 124.0 -0.7 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.591 130.5 130.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.851 144.9 145.1 -5.0 1.7 -2.3 1.5 0.1

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.075 116.7 116.0 -4.7 -2.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.724 109.1 108.4 -3.0 -0.9 -0.3 -0.7 -0.6

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.897 114.4 114.4 -0.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.992 105.5 105.5 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.646 120.8 120.6 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.2

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.638 101.6 101.8 -2.2 -1.2 -0.4 -0.4 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2018 to

October 2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sept.

20191

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.364 122.4 122.3 -0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.132 121.3 121.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.950 131.8 131.6 -0.5 -0.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.2

Ceramic products................................ 69 0.267 135.7 135.7 0.4 -0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 2.941 191.9 190.4 12.9 2.9 1.5 3.5 -0.8

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.786 172.9 170.1 -5.9 -0.6 -0.1 -0.2 -1.6

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.323 213.1 204.9 -11.0 -1.5 0.4 -0.7 -3.8

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.713 148.8 147.4 -2.8 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 -0.9

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.421 264.6 262.8 -8.1 1.3 -3.1 -0.8 -0.7

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.972 127.0 124.3 -10.6 -0.3 -1.5 -0.9 -2.1

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.444 123.7 123.6 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.519 136.0 134.5 -1.9 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -1.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 30.017 79.1 79.1 -1.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.888 85.1 84.8 -2.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.129 73.5 73.7 -0.9 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.3

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.921 113.2 113.2 -1.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.746 112.3 112.3 -0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2002=100)..................................... 88 1.064 113.0 113.1 -1.7 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.999 101.7 101.6 -1.0 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.725 98.2 98.1 -1.0 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Clocks and watches and parts thereof. . . . . .. 91 0.212 144.0 143.2 -0.1 1.0 0.1 0.5 -0.6

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.439 111.6 111.4 -1.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.788 117.5 117.5 -0.9 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.380 101.8 101.6 -1.7 -0.6 0.3 0.0 -0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.272 128.7 126.5 -2.8 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -1.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2018 to

October 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sept.

20191

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.979 213.8 212.4 2.0 -0.1 -0.1 -1.7 -0.7

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.150 164.8 160.7 -0.2 0.2 -0.9 -3.9 -2.5

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.411 120.4 121.3 1.5 0.4 1.8 1.5 0.7

Vegetable products............................... II 4.314 186.1 192.9 4.7 0.2 -4.5 -2.3 3.7

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 1.006 140.2 139.0 7.6 -2.5 -0.8 3.6 -0.9

Cereals............................................ 10 1.265 177.6 190.3 -0.3 -0.5 -5.0 -8.6 7.2

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.650 182.8 190.1 6.1 1.7 -3.0 -0.8 4.0

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.014 152.5 154.9 2.4 0.8 -0.5 -1.0 1.6

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.574 98.7 100.3 2.7 0.7 0.1 -0.1 1.6

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.537 107.0 115.8 8.7 2.4 -1.6 -3.6 8.2

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.684 209.1 207.0 -2.3 0.8 -0.9 -2.8 -1.0

Mineral products.................................. V 10.331 211.8 210.9 -19.2 1.4 -3.4 -0.4 -0.4

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.412 98.5 98.8 3.6 -0.5 1.7 0.2 0.3

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 9.719 203.1 202.1 -20.5 1.5 -3.6 -0.4 -0.5

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.948 137.9 137.7 -1.6 0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.745 149.2 148.4 0.4 1.2 -1.1 -0.4 -0.5

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.560 140.2 139.1 -7.8 -0.8 -0.6 -1.2 -0.8

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.091 107.5 107.5 0.7 1.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.0

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.552 104.5 105.8 3.2 1.3 1.6 -2.2 1.2

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.854 130.4 130.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.1 0.0

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.498 125.2 125.2 3.6 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.989 156.3 156.1 1.0 -0.6 -0.1 0.4 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.190 142.0 141.2 -3.1 0.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.310 139.0 138.0 -3.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.8 -0.7

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.880 153.4 153.5 -3.7 0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.618 94.3 93.4 -7.2 -0.8 -1.0 -1.3 -1.0

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.860 121.5 118.9 -13.3 -1.6 -0.1 -0.7 -2.1

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.085 124.9 124.1 -4.5 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.686 117.3 117.9 -5.4 -0.2 -3.1 -0.1 0.5

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.449 109.3 112.7 -12.6 -1.9 -6.5 0.6 3.1

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.831 128.2 128.2 3.1 -0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.561 262.8 261.7 12.8 2.3 3.1 1.5 -0.4

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.652 155.9 153.9 -3.6 -0.6 -0.2 -0.9 -1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2018 to

October 2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sept.

20191

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.468 173.1 169.9 -7.7 -0.3 -3.0 0.2 -1.8

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.673 98.7 98.6 -11.0 -1.1 -1.3 -2.9 -0.1

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.338 154.1 154.1 0.8 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.291 97.8 97.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.5

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 16.460 116.1 115.8 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.3

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.832 78.1 77.5 -1.4 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.8

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.854 137.0 137.1 1.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.371 116.2 116.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.968 110.5 110.8 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.385 112.8 112.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.771 130.6 130.6 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.460 88.6 88.6 1.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: October 2018 to October 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sept.

20191

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 126.7 126.0 1.1 0.2 -0.4 0.2 -0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.868 183.1 177.0 12.5 -0.3 -2.0 1.4 -3.3

Manufacturing................................ 88.593 121.3 121.2 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.1

Canada.......................................... 100.000 138.9 136.8 2.2 -0.4 -0.8 0.4 -1.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 29.928 179.7 173.2 15.9 -0.6 -1.8 1.6 -3.6

Manufacturing................................ 69.264 129.7 129.0 -3.2 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.5

European Union............................... 100.000 136.9 136.8 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing................................ 98.646 133.2 133.1 -0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 127.5 127.3 -1.1 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 112.7 112.5 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 -0.2

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 121.9 122.1 -0.2 0.6 -0.3 0.3 0.2

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 146.8 144.7 -6.3 -0.3 -0.7 0.1 -1.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 16.520 253.0 242.8 -20.1 -1.5 -6.0 0.0 -4.0

Manufacturing................................ 83.217 120.3 119.3 -2.5 -0.1 0.3 0.1 -0.8

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 127.1 126.7 -2.9 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.118 132.8 132.0 -20.9 1.1 -10.0 -1.6 -0.6

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.636 87.6 87.3 -0.9 -0.2 0.7 0.0 -0.3

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 97.9 97.7 -1.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 98.5 98.4 -1.6 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.8 96.9 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.1

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 98.9 98.6 – 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 87.2 86.8 -2.5 0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.3 97.2 -1.1 0.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 176.8 172.4 -14.7 -0.3 -3.2 0.9 -2.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: October 2018 to October

2019

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sept.

20191

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 102.9 102.9 0.2 0.3 -0.4 0.0 0.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.116 104.4 104.6 5.0 -1.2 -5.1 0.7 0.2

Manufacturing................................ 90.741 103.0 103.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Canada.......................................... 100.000 103.9 104.1 -0.6 0.2 -0.7 -0.1 0.2

European Union............................... 100.000 105.0 104.6 0.8 0.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.962 101.3 101.3 2.6 -2.6 -2.7 -1.5 0.0

Manufacturing................................ 91.909 105.3 104.9 0.8 1.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Germany........................................ 100.000 104.6 104.3 3.3 1.2 0.0 0.3 -0.3

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 100.1 100.2 -4.8 0.7 -1.1 -0.4 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.801 100.7 102.7 -4.0 -0.7 -1.4 -2.9 2.0

Manufacturing................................ 92.773 100.1 100.0 -4.9 0.9 -1.1 -0.2 -0.1

Mexico........................................... 100.000 99.7 99.5 -4.1 0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 5.883 94.1 95.8 -8.5 -0.4 -1.5 -2.6 1.8

Manufacturing................................ 93.623 100.1 99.7 -3.9 0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 100.1 100.4 0.5 0.8 -0.5 -0.1 0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.191 98.2 99.8 10.5 4.0 -3.4 -0.8 1.6

Manufacturing................................ 84.010 101.0 101.1 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.1

China............................................ 100.000 97.5 97.3 -1.6 0.6 -1.1 -0.1 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 20.004 93.7 93.8 4.6 0.3 -3.9 0.0 0.1

Manufacturing................................ 76.926 100.2 100.1 -0.9 0.9 -0.4 0.0 -0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 100.5 101.2 0.5 0.7 -0.6 0.3 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 17.814 97.8 98.9 -0.1 0.1 -4.7 -2.5 1.1

Manufacturing................................ 80.887 100.6 101.2 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: October 2018 to October 20191

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 99.4 100.0 -0.9 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.6

Canada.................................................. 98.3 100.0 -2.6 0.6 0.1 -0.5 1.7

European Union...................................... 103.2 102.9 1.1 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Germany................................................ 106.8 106.7 2.6 1.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Latin America3

........................................ 101.5 103.1 1.6 1.1 -0.4 -0.5 1.6

Mexico.................................................. 101.2 101.3 -1.3 0.7 -0.3 -0.4 0.1

Pacific Rim4............................................ 100.6 101.1 1.8 0.9 -0.4 0.0 0.5

China.................................................... 99.1 99.0 0.0 0.8 -1.0 0.0 -0.1

Japan.................................................... 99.2 99.7 0.2 0.6 -0.7 0.4 0.5

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: October

2018 to October 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sept.

20191

Index Percent change

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2018 to

Oct.

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 173.1 175.6 -9.2 -2.5 -0.4 -0.3 1.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.425 145.5 145.7 -3.1 -2.6 1.0 -0.1 0.1

Asia.................................................. 59.250 160.3 164.2 -13.1 -2.8 -1.1 -0.6 2.4

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 162.1 162.8 -1.5 0.7 -1.2 -1.4 0.4

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 32.227 150.5 150.4 0.7 0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.1

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 160.1 162.1 -7.7 -2.2 -2.1 -0.6 1.2

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.654 132.6 132.7 -3.5 -4.3 -0.1 0.5 0.1

Asia.................................................. 55.984 146.0 149.2 -11.2 -1.6 -3.5 -1.3 2.2

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 141.8 143.3 -0.7 2.6 -1.5 -3.1 1.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 34.355 154.7 154.9 3.5 0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.1

Asia.................................................. 42.892 131.5 133.9 -4.6 6.2 -3.8 -6.7 1.8

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 167.6 173.3 -4.9 -9.9 -8.2 9.1 3.4

Europe............................................... 54.826 192.6 192.9 -11.3 -12.7 -12.2 18.9 0.2

Asia.................................................. 19.434 124.0 128.4 -3.6 -11.8 -5.1 -1.5 3.5

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 6.526 147.6 153.5 1.4 6.1 -4.6 -7.9 4.0

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 146.3 143.2 -3.6 3.3 -3.1 -5.2 -2.1

Europe............................................... 28.380 186.2 180.8 -8.8 3.2 -11.4 1.1 -2.9

Asia.................................................. 27.946 130.6 125.2 -1.3 1.6 3.2 -10.3 -4.1

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 25.562 154.1 151.5 0.9 6.7 -3.0 -6.4 -1.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.