U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – MARCH 2023

U.S. import prices decreased 0.6 percent in March following a 0.2-percent decline in February, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower prices for fuel and nonfuel imports each contributed to the 

March drop in U.S. import prices. Prices for U.S. exports fell 0.3 percent in March, after increasing 0.4 

percent in February and 0.3 percent in January. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: March 2022 – March 2023

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports fell 0.6 percent in March, the largest 1-month decline since November 2022. The 

price index for U.S. imports decreased 4.6 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since the 

index declined 6.3 percent in May 2020. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices declined 2.9 percent in March following a 5.7-percent drop the previous 

month. Prices for import fuel have not recorded a 1-month advance since June 2022. Lower prices for both 

petroleum and natural gas contributed to the decrease in overall fuel prices in March. Import fuel prices 

decreased 27.9 percent for the year ended in March. Petroleum prices fell 1.2 percent in March, after 

declining 0.2 percent in February. Prices for import petroleum declined 28.6 percent over the past 12 

months, the largest over-the-year decrease since September 2020. Natural gas prices declined 31.3 percent 

in March following a 49.9-percent drop in February. Prices for natural gas decreased 28.3 percent over the 

past year, the largest 12-month decline since March 2020. 

2.9

0.5 0.5 0.2

-1.4 -1.2 -1.0 -0.3 -0.8

0.1

-0.4

-0.2

-0.6

13.0 12.5 11.6

10.7

8.8

7.7

6.1

4.2

2.7 3.2

0.9

-1.1

-4.6

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Mar'22 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'23

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, April 14, 2023 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

USDL-23-0677
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports decreased 0.5 percent in March, after 

rising 0.9 percent over the previous 3 months. The decline is the largest monthly drop since July 2022. 

Lower March prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; consumer goods; foods, feeds, and 

beverages; capital goods; and automotive vehicles all contributed to the overall decrease in nonfuel import 

prices. Nonfuel import prices declined 1.5 percent from March 2022 to March 2023, the first 12-month drop 

since June 2020. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices decreased 0.5 percent in March, the first 

1-month decline since a 1.0-percent drop in October 2022. Lower fruit prices in March more than offset 

higher prices for vegetables and meat. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials fell 1.5 

percent in March, after edging up 0.1 percent the previous month. Lower prices for unfinished metals and 

chemicals drove the decrease in March. 

Finished Goods: Import prices decreased for each of the major finished goods categories in March. The 

price index for consumer goods declined 0.3 percent, the largest monthly drop since June 2022. Consumer 

goods prices also fell 0.3 percent over the past 12 months, the first over-the-year drop since July 2020. 

Prices for import capital goods edged down 0.1 percent in March, led by a 2.3-percent decline in computer 

accessories, peripherals, and parts prices. The price index for automotive vehicles fell 0.1 percent in March, 

driven by lower passenger cars prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: March 2022 – March 2023

Exports 

U.S. export prices declined 0.3 percent in March, the first 1-month drop since December 2022. Lower prices 

in March for agricultural exports and nonagricultural exports each contributed to the overall decrease. Prices 

for U.S. exports decreased 4.8 percent for the year ended in March, the largest 12-month decline since a 6.7-

percent drop from May 2019 to May 2020. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports decreased 1.5 percent in March, after 

increasing 1.2 percent the previous month. Lower prices for corn, soybeans, wheat, and fruit in March more 

than offset higher meat prices. Prices for agricultural exports declined 2.3 percent over the past year, the 

first 12-month drop since the index fell 2.9 percent for the year ended in August 2020. The March 12-month 

decrease was primarily led by lower prices for soybeans, wheat, corn, and meat. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports declined 0.2 percent in March 

following a 0.3-percent advance in February. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials and nonagricultural foods in March more than offset higher prices for capital goods and consumer 

goods. Nonagricultural export prices fell 5.2 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop 

since the index declined 7.0 percent in May 2020. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

decreased 0.5 percent in March, after being unchanged the previous month. The March decline was driven 

by lower prices for nonferrous metals and fuels. 

Finished Goods: Export prices for the major finished goods categories were mostly up in March. The price 

index for capital goods rose 0.2 percent in March following increases of 0.5 percent in February and 0.8 

percent in January. Prices for consumer goods ticked up 0.1 percent in March, after rising 0.6 percent in 

February and 1.0 percent in January. The March advance was led by a 5.5-percent increase in jewelry 

prices. Automotive vehicles prices were unchanged in March following a 0.1-percent drop in February and a 

1.5-percent advance in January. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 

www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm. 

3.9

1.0

2.7

1.1

-3.7

-1.4 -0.9 -0.5 -0.4

-3.0

0.3

0.4 -0.3

18.4 18.2 18.6 18.6

12.9

11.2

9.8

7.2

6.1

4.6

2.0

-0.8 -4.8

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

Mar'22 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'23

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China fell 0.5 percent in March following a 0.1-percent 

advance in February and a 0.5-percent decline in January. The March and January declines are the largest 

monthly drops since a 0.6-percent decrease in May 2013. The March decrease was led by lower prices for 

communications equipment manufacturing. The price index for imports from China declined 1.3 percent 

over the past 12 months. Prices for imports from Japan fell 0.3 percent in March, the largest 1-month drop 

since May 2020. Despite the decrease, prices for imports from Japan increased 0.7 percent for the year 

ended in March. Import prices from Canada and the European Union also declined in March, decreasing 1.1 

percent and 0.5 percent, respectively. The March declines followed a 3.9-percent decrease in prices for 

imports from Canada in February and a 0.4-percent increase in prices for imports from the European Union. 

The price index for imports from Mexico was unchanged in March. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China declined 1.2 percent in March, after 

advancing 1.6 percent the previous month. Export prices to China decreased 9.0 percent over the past year, 

the largest 12-month decrease since the 12-month percent change series was first published in December 

2018. The price index for exports to Japan decreased 1.9 percent in March following a 1.2-percent advance 

in February. Prices for exports to Japan declined 8.3 percent for the year ended in March. Export prices to 

Canada fell 0.9 percent in March, after a 0.2-percent increase in February. The price index for exports to the 

European Union declined 0.2 percent in March following a 0.3-percent drop the previous month. In contrast, 

prices for exports to Mexico rose 0.2 percent in March. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China declined 

0.7 percent in March, after increasing 1.5 percent the previous month. Lower export prices to China in 

March more than offset falling import prices from China. U.S. terms of trade with China fell 7.8 percent 

over the past 12 months, the largest decrease since the 12-month percent change series was first published in 

December 2018. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 1.6 percent in March following a 

1.4-percent advance in February. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 8.9 percent for the year ended in March. 

In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Canada and the European Union rose in March, increasing 0.2 percent 

and 0.4 percent, respectively. U.S. terms of trade with Mexico advanced 0.3 percent in March. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares rose 1.9 percent in March, after increasing 2.1 percent the 

previous month. Higher Latin American/Caribbean and European fares in March more than offset lower 

Asian fares. Import air passenger fares advanced 11.3 percent from March 2022 to March 2023. Prices for 

import air freight declined 2.9 percent in March following a 5.3-percent decrease in February and an 11.8-

percent drop in January. Lower prices for European and Asian air freight each contributed to the March 

decline. Import air freight prices fell 35.8 percent over the past year. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares increased 6.4 percent in March, after decreasing 13.7 percent in 

February and advancing 12.4 percent in January. In March, higher Latin American/Caribbean and European 

fares more than offset lower Asian fares. Export air passenger fares rose 8.5 percent for the year ended in 

March. Export air freight prices fell 4.4 percent in March, the first monthly decline since the index 

decreased 2.9 percent in November 2022, and the largest 1-month drop since a 6.7-percent decline in 

October 2020. Prices for export air freight fell 5.9 percent over the past 12 months, the first over-the-year 

decrease since November 2020. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for April 2023 are scheduled for release on Friday, May 12, 

2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2022 to March

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Feb.

20231

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 141.0 140.1 -4.6 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.6

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.771 109.0 108.6 -1.6 0.4 0.1 0.3 -0.4

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 91.708 125.1 124.3 -1.5 0.9 0.3 -0.3 -0.6

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 90.933 128.6 128.0 -1.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 -0.5

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 7.163 214.7 213.7 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.5 -0.5

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 5.698 236.3 234.6 2.9 0.7 1.2 1.5 -0.7

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.465 163.9 164.7 -5.1 0.1 1.3 1.3 0.5

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 25.085 250.0 244.9 -17.4 -0.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.0

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 16.940 212.8 207.3 -11.0 3.7 0.3 -3.4 -2.6

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 16.033 234.5 231.0 -10.5 1.2 -0.4 0.1 -1.5

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.164 229.4 225.8 -12.0 2.4 -0.4 1.7 -1.6

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 6.629 194.0 186.0 -7.6 5.9 1.3 -10.3 -4.1

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 9.067 283.6 275.3 -27.9 -2.3 -4.9 -5.7 -2.9

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 8.292 296.2 292.7 -28.6 -6.6 -6.8 -0.2 -1.2

Crude petroleum........................... 10000 4.988 289.3 292.1 -31.7 -10.6 -3.0 -0.2 1.0

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.644 268.0 198.0 -23.6 56.1 9.4 -45.2 -26.1

Natural gas.................................. 10110 0.533 258.4 177.5 -28.3 68.4 10.3 -49.9 -31.3

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.549 147.1 144.5 14.8 0.4 -0.5 -1.5 -1.8

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 5.306 202.6 199.9 -8.5 -1.3 -0.5 -2.7 -1.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.758 193.2 192.9 -21.5 -2.5 -2.4 2.5 -0.2

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 4.238 351.1 339.9 -16.5 4.5 -0.1 2.2 -3.2

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 2.337 218.5 216.1 -5.5 3.1 0.4 0.6 -1.1

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.830 129.0 129.2 2.9 -0.1 0.1 1.3 0.2

Capital goods................................... 2 27.706 93.8 93.7 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.705 129.0 128.8 1.4 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.630 84.9 84.8 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 1.371 150.5 151.5 7.6 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.7

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 12.718 117.7 117.6 2.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 27.328 110.5 110.2 -0.3 0.1 0.1 0.5 -0.3

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.735 125.3 125.2 -0.2 0.0 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 13.561 95.7 95.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.031 133.9 128.0 -5.1 0.2 -0.8 4.4 -4.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2022 to March

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Feb.

20231

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 151.8 151.3 -4.8 -3.0 0.3 0.4 -0.3

Agricultural commodities....................... 11.282 253.8 250.1 -2.3 -2.4 -0.8 1.2 -1.5

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 72.583 115.0 115.0 -0.1 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.0

All exports excluding fuels (June

2022=100)........................................ 82.916 100.2 100.1 – 0.1 0.8 0.8 -0.1

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 88.718 144.0 143.7 -5.2 -3.1 0.4 0.3 -0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 10.332 255.8 251.8 -3.0 -2.7 -0.7 0.8 -1.6

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 9.905 257.7 253.6 -2.7 -2.8 -0.8 0.9 -1.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.428 220.9 218.5 -11.1 0.1 -0.2 -1.0 -1.1

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 39.038 209.2 208.0 -13.1 -6.4 -0.3 0.1 -0.6

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.952 216.4 213.7 -7.4 2.5 0.3 1.0 -1.2

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 28.086 203.5 203.0 -14.9 -9.1 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.347 238.6 237.3 0.3 0.7 -0.8 3.1 -0.5

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 37.691 208.3 207.2 -13.5 -6.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.5

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 17.084 257.1 255.3 -20.6 -14.0 -0.4 -1.5 -0.7

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.800 199.9 198.9 -6.3 1.1 -0.1 1.3 -0.5

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.807 150.9 152.0 -9.5 0.3 -2.2 0.7 0.7

Capital goods................................... 2 30.092 120.5 120.8 2.9 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.2

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.363 136.8 137.0 4.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.080 101.3 101.4 2.0 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 4.648 204.9 205.9 6.0 0.2 1.4 1.6 0.5

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 8.041 123.9 123.9 4.0 0.3 1.5 -0.1 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.497 118.6 118.7 2.2 0.1 1.0 0.6 0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.604 110.0 109.9 -0.5 0.3 0.7 0.5 -0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.641 118.0 118.5 5.3 -0.2 1.7 0.1 0.4

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.251 131.7 131.8 4.5 -0.2 0.1 3.4 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2022 to March 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Feb.

20231

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.250 147.6 144.1 -23.8 -2.3 -0.3 -4.4 -2.4

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.267 226.8 219.2 0.0 1.8 1.5 4.1 -3.4

Crop production............................... 111 1.826 237.5 227.6 -0.5 1.4 1.5 2.9 -4.2

Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)........ 112 0.274 117.0 113.3 – – 2.9 13.7 -3.2

Mining............................................ 21 5.983 140.6 137.8 -29.9 -3.5 -0.9 -7.3 -2.0

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 5.680 138.2 135.3 -31.4 -3.5 -1.2 -8.2 -2.1

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec.

2022=100)................................... 212 0.303 122.3 122.1 – – 6.5 14.8 -0.2

Manufacturing..................................... 91.389 123.2 122.6 -2.3 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -0.5

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.360 139.0 138.8 0.9 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.235 189.1 188.8 1.0 -0.1 0.7 1.0 -0.2

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.157 138.4 139.3 4.0 0.4 1.6 0.8 0.7

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.198 119.3 119.1 2.8 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.356 126.3 125.9 -1.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 20.108 145.6 143.9 -8.6 -0.8 -2.0 -0.5 -1.2

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.991 126.3 124.9 6.4 0.2 -0.4 -0.9 -1.1

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 3.101 144.4 138.0 -19.2 -0.4 -12.5 -0.4 -4.4

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 11.223 153.2 152.1 -5.8 -0.9 0.6 -1.3 -0.7

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.615 133.3 133.5 2.1 -0.2 -0.8 0.9 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.049 143.3 143.6 2.6 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.922 113.4 113.0 -0.7 0.7 0.1 0.4 -0.4

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 5.051 236.9 228.7 -13.3 4.3 0.0 1.6 -3.5

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.315 149.6 149.4 -1.8 0.8 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.633 131.0 131.2 3.9 0.5 1.6 0.5 0.2

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.919 73.9 73.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 0.1 -0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.901 126.8 126.9 0.7 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 12.928 116.7 116.7 2.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 2.000 129.0 128.8 2.0 0.5 -0.5 0.2 -0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 6.174 127.3 127.3 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2022 to March 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Feb.

20231

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 15.625 190.3 187.7 -19.0 -7.6 -3.6 -0.9 -1.4

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.825 224.7 218.2 -9.1 -3.3 -1.6 1.8 -2.9

Crop production............................... 111 5.504 239.1 232.2 -8.8 -3.6 -1.8 1.9 -2.9

Mining............................................ 21 9.800 114.6 114.0 -24.1 -9.9 -4.7 -2.5 -0.5

Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100). .. 211 8.324 100.5 99.8 -26.0 -11.4 -5.8 -3.0 -0.7

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.476 153.3 153.6 -10.0 3.3 2.2 1.3 0.2

Manufacturing..................................... 82.686 135.3 135.2 -1.5 -2.1 0.7 0.5 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.965 177.1 177.1 2.6 -1.5 -0.2 0.4 0.0

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 5.157 209.1 209.1 3.0 -2.0 -0.5 0.3 0.0

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.542 149.4 149.4 5.0 0.7 -0.2 2.7 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 26.419 140.6 140.5 -7.9 -6.5 1.1 0.4 -0.1

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.407 118.0 120.0 -16.3 -2.2 0.6 0.5 1.7

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.673 159.0 155.0 9.2 -0.7 1.8 -0.7 -2.5

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.991 163.1 160.7 -18.7 -19.8 5.2 0.0 -1.5

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 14.177 134.7 135.6 -4.6 -0.4 -0.7 1.0 0.7

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.237 133.4 133.7 3.4 1.3 0.8 -0.5 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.744 130.7 130.9 -0.1 3.1 -2.6 0.8 0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 49.302 128.6 128.4 1.8 0.4 0.7 0.6 -0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.354 210.0 203.5 -12.8 2.5 -1.5 1.8 -3.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.241 147.6 148.2 6.1 0.4 1.9 0.3 0.4

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 12.702 84.0 83.9 -0.6 -0.2 0.0 0.4 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.491 135.1 135.0 5.1 0.2 0.9 0.4 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 11.775 142.3 142.5 4.9 0.2 1.6 0.6 0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.765 136.1 137.2 4.3 -0.1 0.4 1.0 0.8

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2022 to March

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20231

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.569 238.0 237.3 -3.7 -0.6 0.9 4.7 -0.3

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.372 297.6 301.0 -15.0 -3.1 -2.1 0.6 1.1

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.840 163.2 164.7 -5.1 0.3 1.8 2.4 0.9

Vegetable products............................... II 2.269 262.2 254.5 1.5 2.8 1.1 2.3 -2.9

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.528 476.0 485.8 12.5 0.1 3.3 -6.8 2.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.821 131.2 125.5 -3.0 4.9 -0.6 4.5 -4.3

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.400 311.1 311.9 0.1 -2.1 3.9 5.1 0.3

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.389 150.7 146.4 -9.2 -1.4 1.7 -2.5 -2.9

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.325 193.8 195.0 5.7 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.6

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2021=100)..................................... 17 0.207 111.7 112.6 9.4 -0.3 2.1 1.9 0.8

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.227 113.3 115.2 12.1 1.0 1.2 0.0 1.7

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 21 0.399 100.0 100.0 – – 0.0 0.0 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.090 151.7 152.8 3.9 0.1 1.8 0.8 0.7

Mineral products.................................. V 9.211 291.6 283.2 -27.2 -2.4 -4.9 -5.1 -2.9

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.837 283.6 275.1 -28.4 -2.5 -5.2 -5.7 -3.0

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.679 174.8 173.3 -3.3 -0.4 0.9 -0.3 -0.9

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.649 538.8 520.3 -2.3 -0.8 1.1 -2.6 -3.4

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.401 146.5 145.3 -3.2 0.3 1.7 0.2 -0.8

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.224 147.9 147.9 -2.0 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.0

Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100).................... 31 0.432 81.3 74.5 – – -0.6 -18.2 -8.4

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)............. 32 0.207 103.2 102.9 – – 0.7 2.5 -0.3

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.842 122.8 120.8 2.7 0.3 1.2 0.7 -1.6

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.098 156.6 157.6 -1.6 -0.2 -1.0 0.4 0.6

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.675 156.7 158.4 -4.1 -0.3 -1.5 0.0 1.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.423 159.7 159.4 4.2 0.0 0.1 1.1 -0.2

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 0.988 132.7 131.6 5.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.9 -0.8

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.401 120.7 120.6 0.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.211 127.5 127.5 2.7 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.191 126.2 125.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 0.962 122.8 122.2 -0.9 -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 -0.5

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.922 136.6 137.2 2.8 0.1 1.2 0.7 0.4

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2020=100).................... 68 0.339 102.1 102.3 1.6 -0.6 -0.8 1.2 0.2

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)....... 70 0.311 103.2 103.5 2.4 -0.6 2.3 0.6 0.3

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.372 238.6 227.7 -10.4 4.9 1.8 0.6 -4.6

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2022 to March

2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20231

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 6.358 238.9 237.3 -8.2 1.6 -0.2 0.9 -0.7

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.887 206.2 205.8 -2.3 0.0 0.8 0.2 -0.2

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.562 395.6 391.8 -10.7 6.8 -0.7 4.7 -1.0

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.109 198.6 193.4 -14.0 5.5 0.6 2.4 -2.6

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.445 131.8 132.2 3.3 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.3

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.556 150.4 150.2 1.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.8 -0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.913 83.1 83.0 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.307 90.5 90.2 1.6 0.2 0.4 0.6 -0.3

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.606 76.2 76.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 10.792 121.6 121.6 2.8 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 10.172 120.7 120.6 2.6 0.0 0.5 0.0 -0.1

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 88 0.510 107.8 108.0 5.3 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.062 106.5 106.7 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.777 102.2 102.4 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.813 120.2 120.3 1.9 0.5 -0.3 0.4 0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.744 127.9 127.6 1.0 0.3 -0.2 0.2 -0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.772 106.3 106.7 2.3 0.8 -0.2 0.0 0.4

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.297 146.4 146.7 7.0 0.1 0.7 5.2 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2022 to March

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20231

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 2.110 270.2 262.9 -6.6 -2.0 -0.4 -1.2 -2.7

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.250 208.0 212.3 -7.5 -4.2 -0.4 -1.3 2.1

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100).............. 03 0.285 98.1 95.9 – – -0.6 -1.3 -2.2

Vegetable products............................... II 5.515 295.5 287.5 -7.4 -4.0 -1.3 1.9 -2.7

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.805 137.0 137.7 -2.6 1.6 -1.2 -0.3 0.5

Cereals............................................ 10 2.036 337.0 321.2 -12.6 -8.4 1.3 1.2 -4.7

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 2.137 319.3 312.5 -7.2 -3.0 2.3 1.2 -2.1

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.016 189.0 190.8 5.6 -1.4 0.4 0.3 1.0

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.660 116.7 116.0 10.4 0.9 4.0 1.6 -0.6

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.462 108.7 109.3 -0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.819 327.7 336.0 3.1 -5.5 -4.0 1.0 2.5

Mineral products.................................. V 16.823 307.7 305.0 -22.0 -13.9 -0.9 -1.5 -0.9

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.528 143.0 136.6 -11.6 6.4 7.8 3.2 -4.5

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 16.078 294.7 292.3 -22.6 -14.5 -1.3 -1.7 -0.8

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 12.734 164.1 164.7 1.2 -0.2 -0.7 1.2 0.4

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.290 107.1 107.1 -0.9 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.0

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.839 147.4 147.3 4.8 -0.1 3.4 1.0 -0.1

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.462 136.3 136.3 4.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.206 189.2 189.6 0.2 0.3 2.4 0.3 0.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.515 159.0 160.6 -9.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.0

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 3.734 156.5 158.3 -10.9 0.3 0.4 0.1 1.2

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.781 168.7 169.1 2.5 1.1 -0.1 0.2 0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.484 112.7 114.5 -18.1 -1.6 0.2 0.4 1.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.821 158.0 153.2 2.7 -0.7 2.8 0.7 -3.0

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.589 179.5 176.5 1.3 -3.3 4.4 2.2 -1.7

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.997 153.1 146.0 4.6 1.1 2.6 -0.4 -4.6

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.565 188.6 185.9 -1.7 0.7 -2.3 6.7 -1.4

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.725 145.9 145.9 1.5 1.4 -1.6 0.6 0.0

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.442 110.2 110.2 1.7 0.0 -2.1 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.656 324.6 315.7 -9.1 2.9 1.0 1.2 -2.7

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.473 212.6 213.5 -5.3 2.0 -1.2 1.8 0.4

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.621 281.4 257.7 -11.6 10.8 -3.3 7.5 -8.4

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.687 150.7 150.2 -8.3 2.0 2.1 1.3 -0.3

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2022 to March

2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Feb.

20231

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 83 0.304 99.0 101.6 – – 0.5 -1.5 2.6

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 25.419 106.4 106.5 3.4 0.1 1.1 0.6 0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.586 128.4 128.6 4.3 0.2 1.8 0.5 0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 10.833 83.0 83.0 2.1 -0.2 0.2 0.6 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 8.896 150.0 150.2 3.6 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 6.724 125.2 125.2 2.8 0.3 0.6 -0.2 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.388 114.8 115.2 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.193 136.6 135.9 9.1 0.1 1.5 0.2 -0.5

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi.......................... 94 0.569 149.5 148.1 3.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 -0.9

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.480 117.9 117.5 18.8 0.5 3.1 0.3 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: March 2022 to March 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Feb.

20231

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 145.0 143.8 -7.7 0.5 0.1 -1.2 -0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.589 238.3 232.4 -32.9 -1.7 0.2 -10.1 -2.5

Manufacturing................................ 88.846 137.2 136.4 -2.9 0.7 0.0 -0.1 -0.6

Canada.......................................... 100.000 174.2 172.2 -18.1 -2.0 0.0 -3.9 -1.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 29.692 234.0 227.6 -34.2 -1.8 0.2 -10.9 -2.7

Manufacturing................................ 69.350 162.0 161.0 -8.3 -2.1 -0.2 -0.7 -0.6

European Union............................... 100.000 155.1 154.3 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.4 -0.5

Manufacturing................................ 99.167 150.9 150.1 1.9 1.4 1.0 0.5 -0.5

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 145.9 146.0 2.0 0.1 1.8 0.7 0.1

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 127.3 126.2 3.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 -0.9

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 135.9 135.7 -2.0 2.0 1.7 -0.9 -0.1

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 169.3 169.8 -1.2 -1.2 0.1 0.5 0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.896 319.7 317.9 -13.7 -5.2 -2.0 1.2 -0.6

Manufacturing................................ 85.805 137.2 137.8 1.6 -0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 142.0 142.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.4 0.3 0.0

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.117 152.3 153.9 -20.3 -5.8 -0.1 0.5 1.1

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.584 97.8 97.8 2.7 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.0

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 104.0 103.6 -1.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 103.8 103.3 -1.3 -0.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.5

Japan............................................ 100.000 101.0 100.7 0.7 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.3

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 111.2 111.5 0.7 0.0 0.2 -0.2 0.3

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 97.2 96.5 -3.3 -1.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.7

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 103.6 103.4 -0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.2

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 220.2 219.1 -14.7 -5.6 -1.6 -0.7 -0.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: March 2022 to March 2023

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Feb.

20231

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 120.7 120.0 -3.5 -1.0 0.3 0.5 -0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.078 145.0 142.8 -20.2 -5.7 -0.6 0.7 -1.5

Manufacturing................................ 85.062 117.9 117.5 0.3 -0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.3

Canada.......................................... 100.000 128.8 127.7 -1.1 0.2 -0.5 0.2 -0.9

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100). . . . .. 7.708 136.0 132.3 -26.4 1.0 -16.3 -0.6 -2.7

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)........... 90.607 120.5 119.7 2.2 -0.1 1.1 0.2 -0.7

European Union............................... 100.000 117.0 116.8 -5.2 -1.5 0.1 -0.3 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 15.665 138.6 135.8 -23.8 -5.1 -0.7 0.4 -2.0

Manufacturing................................ 82.488 113.0 113.3 0.1 -0.9 0.2 -0.2 0.3

Germany........................................ 100.000 115.3 115.1 2.5 0.1 2.0 -0.4 -0.2

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 126.8 126.9 -8.7 -6.3 0.4 -0.6 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.850 154.0 154.0 -27.1 -4.0 -9.7 -8.3 0.0

Manufacturing................................ 89.552 124.9 125.1 -5.9 -6.7 1.9 0.2 0.2

Mexico........................................... 100.000 125.6 125.9 -7.2 -4.1 0.5 -0.8 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.572 132.2 132.4 -29.0 0.2 -12.4 -13.5 0.2

Manufacturing................................ 90.824 126.1 126.4 -4.2 -4.7 2.1 0.6 0.2

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 117.0 115.5 -6.2 -2.5 -0.1 1.3 -1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 22.684 133.6 127.2 -22.4 -9.3 0.1 3.3 -4.8

Manufacturing................................ 76.120 114.5 114.1 1.6 -0.3 0.2 1.0 -0.3

China............................................ 100.000 112.7 111.4 -9.0 -2.7 0.6 1.6 -1.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 29.122 120.3 115.8 -23.6 -7.5 1.1 3.8 -3.7

Manufacturing................................ 69.739 112.2 112.2 0.5 -0.4 0.4 0.7 0.0

Japan............................................ 100.000 118.8 116.5 -8.3 -3.1 -0.4 1.2 -1.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 27.180 144.8 137.4 -24.7 -12.8 0.6 4.2 -5.1

Manufacturing................................ 71.324 111.1 110.6 1.7 1.2 -0.8 0.5 -0.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: March 2022 to March 20231

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 101.9 102.1 4.5 -1.4 0.1 1.8 0.2

Canada.................................................. 97.2 97.4 20.7 2.2 -0.4 4.3 0.2

European Union...................................... 101.5 101.9 -6.5 -2.9 -0.8 -0.7 0.4

Germany................................................ 104.3 105.0 -0.8 -0.2 1.7 -1.0 0.7

Latin America3

........................................ 111.5 111.3 -7.6 -5.2 0.4 -1.2 -0.2

Mexico.................................................. 114.1 114.4 -7.1 -3.7 0.0 -1.0 0.3

Pacific Rim4............................................ 110.7 109.7 -4.9 -2.4 0.1 1.4 -0.9

China.................................................... 108.7 107.9 -7.8 -2.5 1.1 1.5 -0.7

Japan.................................................... 112.3 110.5 -8.9 -3.2 -0.5 1.4 -1.6

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: March

2022 to March 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Feb.

20231

Index Percent change

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Annual Monthly

Mar.

2022 to

Mar.

2023

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 237.9 230.9 -35.8 10.1 -11.8 -5.3 -2.9

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 34.770 271.5 258.4 -15.1 3.0 3.4 -0.4 -4.8

Asia.................................................. 64.727 205.5 201.3 -43.4 13.3 -18.7 -7.3 -2.0

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 203.3 194.4 -5.9 1.9 1.4 2.7 -4.4

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 24.202 152.5 148.3 -10.1 9.3 0.3 -5.1 -2.8

Asia (Dec. 2011=100).............................. 53.885 162.4 156.4 -6.5 -2.6 1.4 5.9 -3.7

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 181.0 173.7 -36.1 0.7 -3.8 -3.9 -4.0

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 32.070 186.5 181.2 -17.1 1.5 7.5 -0.5 -2.8

Asia.................................................. 56.823 157.6 149.0 -45.5 0.9 -10.0 -4.7 -5.5

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 212.6 205.2 -3.1 4.3 -4.8 9.7 -3.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.800 197.6 188.6 3.7 1.8 -0.4 1.8 -4.6

Asia.................................................. 56.646 241.6 234.1 -4.3 8.0 -9.4 16.5 -3.1

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 177.2 180.5 11.3 5.9 -12.4 2.1 1.9

Europe............................................... 43.525 190.8 193.8 7.0 -2.1 1.0 -2.9 1.6

Asia.................................................. 5.642 170.4 167.9 -0.6 12.9 -17.2 -0.2 -1.5

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 17.212 167.8 177.4 42.5 14.7 -21.6 10.3 5.7

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 179.2 190.6 8.5 -3.3 12.4 -13.7 6.4

Europe............................................... 20.099 210.3 214.8 3.6 -4.4 6.5 -5.3 2.1

Asia.................................................. 12.029 196.8 179.7 -17.5 -6.5 13.3 -14.4 -8.7

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 54.080 180.8 203.3 34.9 -1.7 17.2 -18.3 12.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.