U.S.IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – DECEMBER 2019

Prices for U.S. imports advanced 0.3 percent in December, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 

today, after ticking up 0.1 percent the previous month. The December rise was driven by increasing fuel 

prices. U.S. export prices declined 0.2 percent in December following a 0.2-percent advance in November.

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: December 2018 – December 2019

Imports

The price index for U.S. imports rose 0.3 percent in December, the largest monthly advance since the index 

increased 0.6 percent in March. Prices for imports rose 0.5 percent in 2019, after decreasing 0.9 percent in 

2018. The 12-month advance in December was the largest over-the-year increase since the index rose 0.7 

percent between November 2017 and November 2018. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel increased 2.8 percent in December following a 1.3-percent advance the 

previous month. Higher December prices for both petroleum and natural gas contributed to the overall 

increase in fuel prices. Petroleum prices rose 2.1 percent in December, after not changing in November; 

prices for natural gas advanced 19.4 percent following a 42.0-percent November jump. The price index for 

import fuel increased 19.3 percent in 2019 following a 13.1-percent drop the previous year. A 22.3-percent 

rise in petroleum prices over the past year more than offset lower natural gas prices. Despite advancing 

123.7 percent over the past quarter, prices for natural gas fell 13.3 percent in 2019. 

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Dec'18 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'19

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (EST) Thursday, January 16, 2020 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

USDL-20-0047
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices were unchanged in December, after edging down 0.1 

percent in November. Prices for nonfuel imports have not risen on a monthly basis since the index ticked up 

0.1 percent in February. In December, declining nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices offset 

higher prices for foods, feeds, and beverages and for finished goods. The price index for nonfuel imports 

decreased 1.4 percent in 2019 following a 0.6-percent advance the previous year. The 2019 decline was the 

first calendar-year drop since the index fell 3.4 percent in 2015. Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and 

materials; finished goods; and foods, feeds, and beverages all decreased in 2019. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 

declined 0.1 percent in December, after not changing in November. The December drop was led by a 1.2-

percent decrease in unfinished metals prices. 

 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in December. Capital goods prices rose 0.1 percent, 

after a 0.3-percent drop in November. Prices for automotive vehicles also ticked up 0.1 percent in December 

following the same increase the previous month. Consumer goods were unchanged, after edging down 0.1 

percent in November. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages advanced 1.1 percent following a 0.5-

percent decline the previous month. In December, rising prices for vegetables, meat, and fruit drove the 

overall increase. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: December 2018 – December 2019 

Exports 

U.S. export prices fell 0.2 percent in December following a 0.2-percent increase in November. Lower prices 

for both nonagricultural exports and agricultural exports contributed to the decrease. Prices for overall 

exports declined 0.7 percent in 2019 following a 1.1-percent increase in 2018. The 2019 drop was the first 

calendar-year fall since the index declined 6.6 percent in 2015. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports decreased 0.1 percent in December, after increasing 

2.2 percent in November and 1.7 percent in October. In December, decreasing prices for soybeans, fruit, and 

vegetables more than offset higher meat prices. The price index for agricultural exports fell 1.3 percent over 

the past year following a 2.3-percent increase in 2018. Prior to 2019, agricultural prices had not declined for 

a calendar-year since 2016. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural export prices edged down 0.1 

percent in December following no change the previous month. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial 

supplies and materials, automotive vehicles, and consumer goods all contributed to the overall decline. 

Nonagricultural export prices decreased 0.6 percent in 2019, the first calendar-year decline since 2015. 

Previously, prices for nonagricultural exports rose 1.0 percent from December 2017 to December 2018. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices

fell 0.3 percent in December, after ticking up 0.1 percent in November. The December decrease was driven 

by a 0.7-percent drop in chemicals prices and a 0.6-percent decline in nonferrous metals prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for export finished goods were mostly down in December. Automotive vehicle 

prices fell 0.4 percent, the largest monthly decline since a 0.5-percent drop in August 2016. The decrease 

was led by a 2.2-percent drop in the price index for engines and engine parts. The price index for consumer 

goods edged down 0.1 percent in December, after rising 0.1 percent the previous month. Prices for capital 

goods were unchanged in December.

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Dec'18 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'19

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China were unchanged in December, after 0.1-percent 

declines in each of the previous 2 months. Prices for imports from China fell 1.8 percent in 2019, and have 

not increased on a calendar-year basis since a 3.6-percent advance in 2011. The index for import prices from 

Japan fell 0.1 percent in December following a 0.1-percent increase in November. Import prices from Japan 

rose 0.4 percent in 2019, after a 1.0-percent advance the previous year. The price indexes for imports from 

Canada, Mexico, and the European Union all increased in December. Prices for imports from Canada rose 

0.6 percent and import prices from Mexico advanced 0.3 percent, both led by higher fuel prices. Import 

prices from the European Union ticked up 0.1 percent. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China increased 0.2 percent in December following a 

0.7-percent advance in November. Despite the recent increases, prices for exports to China declined 0.4 

percent in 2019, after falling 1.5 percent in 2018, the first full year the locality of destination indexes were 

published. The price index for exports to Japan was unchanged in December following a 0.1-percent 

advance in November. Export prices to the European Union were unchanged for the second consecutive 

month in December. In contrast, prices for exports to Mexico and Canada both declined in December. The 

price index for exports to Mexico fell 0.5 percent, after a 0.6-percent advance the previous month, and 

export prices to Canada decreased 0.2 percent following a 1.0-percent rise in November. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China rose 

0.2 percent in December, after a 0.8-percent advance in November. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 

China increased 1.4 percent in 2019 following a 1.3-percent drop the previous year. In 2019, the increase 

resulted from import prices from China falling at a greater rate than export prices to China. The U.S terms 

of trade with Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in December following no change the previous month. The index 

for U.S. terms of trade with Canada decreased 0.8 percent in December, after edging down 0.1 percent in 

November. Higher import prices from Canada and lower export prices to Canada contributed to the 

December drop. The U.S. terms of trade with Mexico also fell 0.8 percent in December following a 1.5-

percent advance in November. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union declined 0.1 

percent for the third consecutive month in December. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 5.7 percent in December, after increasing 15.9 percent from

August to November. The December advance was led by a 19.3-percent rise in Asian fares and a 16.1-

percent increase in Latin American/Caribbean fares. Despite the recent increase, import air passenger fares 

declined 4.7 percent in 2019. The price index for import air freight rose 1.3 percent in December and 

decreased 3.7 percent over the past year. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares fell 0.7 percent in December following a 3.3-percent increase in 

November. In December, decreasing European and Asian fares more than offset higher Latin 

American/Caribbean fares. The index for export air passenger fares declined 2.6 percent for the year ended 

in December. Export air freight advanced 0.8 percent in December and fell 0.6 percent in 2019. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for January are scheduled for release on Friday, February 14, 2020 at 

8:30 a.m. (EST).
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2018 to

December 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Nov.

20191

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 124.6 125.0 0.5 0.1 -0.4 0.1 0.3

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.727 98.8 98.8 -1.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 90.194 111.8 112.0 -1.5 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.2

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 89.656 115.7 115.7 -1.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 5.929 175.5 177.5 -1.6 -0.8 -0.3 -0.5 1.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.567 190.3 193.4 -2.4 -1.0 -0.3 -0.5 1.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.363 142.8 142.0 1.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.6

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.292 186.1 188.2 5.9 0.7 -1.1 0.5 1.1

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.703 154.4 155.5 -3.2 0.6 0.1 1.2 0.7

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 13.950 173.7 173.5 -2.5 0.6 -0.7 0.0 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 8.879 166.8 166.3 -0.6 1.0 -0.8 0.2 -0.3

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.606 139.1 142.1 -6.7 -0.2 1.4 2.9 2.2

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 10.344 207.7 213.6 19.3 1.0 -1.7 1.3 2.8

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 9.806 223.2 227.9 22.3 0.9 -2.4 0.0 2.1

Crude........................................ 10000 6.986 227.7 234.5 31.5 0.8 -3.5 0.5 3.0

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.537 122.0 141.9 -13.8 0.9 22.3 33.0 16.3

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.452 111.3 132.9 -13.3 1.5 32.0 42.0 19.4

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.539 112.4 111.4 -10.8 -0.5 -1.5 -1.5 -0.9

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.530 154.2 154.8 -4.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.4

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.498 142.6 143.2 -0.9 0.7 0.4 -0.3 0.4

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.840 235.0 232.2 -0.2 2.0 -1.8 0.5 -1.2

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.773 156.9 157.6 -1.5 0.3 -0.8 0.0 0.4

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.768 113.5 113.6 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1

Capital goods................................... 2 27.768 87.5 87.6 -1.7 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.476 120.2 120.3 1.9 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 21.977 79.3 79.4 -2.6 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.315 136.7 136.8 1.6 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.791 109.7 109.8 -0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.219 106.8 106.8 -0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.546 123.8 123.8 0.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.406 91.1 91.0 -1.6 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.267 116.5 116.5 -1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2018 to

December 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Nov.

20191

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 125.4 125.2 -0.7 -0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.2

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.751 180.4 180.2 -1.3 -1.6 1.7 2.2 -0.1

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 80.639 101.1 101.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.249 121.1 121.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 9.105 184.6 184.1 -0.6 -1.5 1.7 2.1 -0.3

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.479 182.9 182.5 -0.6 -1.7 1.8 2.4 -0.2

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.626 218.3 216.6 0.4 1.5 0.9 -1.0 -0.8

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 31.783 152.3 152.0 -2.6 -0.5 -0.3 0.1 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.464 167.0 166.7 2.4 0.4 -0.8 0.4 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 21.319 146.0 145.6 -4.9 -0.8 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.242 170.2 171.3 -5.6 -1.0 1.3 1.0 0.6

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 30.541 151.8 151.4 -2.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.1 -0.3

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 10.256 176.5 176.2 -3.6 -1.1 0.7 0.5 -0.2

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.319 155.9 155.5 -1.8 -0.1 -0.8 -0.1 -0.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.966 117.5 116.5 -3.5 0.1 -1.1 -0.4 -0.9

Capital goods................................... 2 36.279 110.6 110.6 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.770 117.1 117.2 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.707 94.6 94.5 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 8.801 182.7 182.8 2.9 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.219 114.1 113.7 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.614 110.4 110.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 5.989 108.2 108.2 1.8 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.183 107.2 106.9 -0.7 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.3

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.442 98.8 99.0 -1.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2018 to December

2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Nov.

20191

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.533 109.9 113.8 19.4 0.3 -2.2 0.9 3.5

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.809 167.8 173.0 -6.3 -1.5 -1.0 -1.5 3.1

Crop production............................... 111 1.434 176.3 182.4 -8.7 -1.8 -1.4 -2.2 3.5

Mining............................................ 21 7.724 104.2 107.9 27.5 0.9 -2.7 1.6 3.6

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 7.468 103.8 107.6 28.2 0.9 -2.8 1.7 3.7

Manufacturing..................................... 90.186 110.6 110.6 -1.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.284 125.1 125.3 0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.397 154.4 155.3 0.4 -0.3 0.1 0.2 0.6

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.158 125.6 125.6 2.9 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.0

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.368 99.4 99.4 -0.8 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 0.0

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.927 107.3 107.2 -1.8 -0.5 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.784 112.4 112.5 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.652 123.6 123.3 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.3 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 17.538 125.1 125.0 -1.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.008 108.2 107.8 -7.4 -0.5 -1.2 -0.9 -0.4

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.586 100.4 99.4 4.2 1.5 -0.3 -1.5 -1.0

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 9.581 138.0 138.2 -1.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.286 119.2 119.0 -0.9 -0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.043 130.9 130.9 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 61.363 103.2 103.2 -1.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.412 155.7 154.2 -0.6 1.5 -1.8 0.6 -1.0

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.132 126.2 126.9 0.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.6

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.355 118.8 118.7 0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.1 -0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.175 71.7 71.8 -3.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.6 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.192 117.3 117.4 0.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.790 109.0 109.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.865 115.5 115.4 -2.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.442 118.7 118.6 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2018 to December

2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Nov.

20191

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.964 130.7 131.0 -6.9 -1.3 1.9 2.2 0.2

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.897 153.3 150.9 -4.6 -2.0 3.6 2.8 -1.6

Crop production............................... 111 4.547 160.2 157.8 -5.0 -2.2 3.9 2.9 -1.5

Mining............................................ 21 4.066 81.0 82.8 -9.5 -0.6 0.0 1.5 2.2

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.198 104.4 103.0 -12.1 -3.4 -1.0 -3.3 -1.3

Manufacturing..................................... 89.894 116.3 116.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.825 140.9 142.0 1.3 -0.8 -0.3 0.9 0.8

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.685 159.6 161.5 3.1 -1.1 -0.3 1.4 1.2

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.654 121.6 121.1 -3.7 -0.4 -0.7 0.0 -0.4

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 24.930 113.2 112.3 -1.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.8

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.506 94.1 93.8 -7.6 -0.5 -1.0 -0.7 -0.3

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.626 119.9 119.9 -10.5 -0.6 -1.4 -0.1 0.0

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.112 107.1 105.0 1.8 -1.4 0.9 0.1 -2.0

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.306 117.3 116.7 -1.9 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.303 117.3 117.2 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.849 117.6 116.9 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 58.139 115.2 115.1 0.8 0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.227 152.8 152.6 6.3 1.4 -0.6 0.1 -0.1

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.034 149.1 149.3 4.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.650 130.3 129.9 1.3 0.0 0.4 -0.2 -0.3

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.822 81.5 81.4 -1.7 0.2 -0.7 0.0 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.812 117.4 117.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.790 128.8 128.9 1.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.399 122.5 122.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.406 120.4 120.1 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2018 to

December 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20191

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.405 196.0 196.9 2.9 -0.7 -0.4 0.8 0.5

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.392 270.2 277.1 13.5 -0.6 -0.1 3.1 2.6

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.726 137.5 136.3 -1.7 -1.0 -0.9 -0.1 -0.9

Vegetable products............................... II 1.742 195.4 201.4 -8.1 -1.5 -1.5 -2.3 3.1

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.441 470.1 503.5 -15.0 1.0 -5.2 -1.3 7.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.534 97.7 99.8 -11.1 -8.0 -0.2 -7.0 2.1

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.332 205.4 210.8 1.7 6.4 -1.6 2.6 2.6

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.229 85.8 86.8 -4.3 -2.1 1.9 1.1 1.2

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.891 167.4 168.2 1.6 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.229 98.7 101.4 4.8 -1.3 3.1 0.4 2.7

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.368 171.8 171.9 -1.3 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.1

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.108 135.9 136.0 2.8 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 10.347 208.3 214.0 19.2 0.9 -1.6 1.4 2.7

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.028 205.3 211.1 19.5 0.9 -1.7 1.4 2.8

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 8.975 156.6 157.0 -0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.524 296.0 309.8 -10.0 0.7 2.0 3.4 4.7

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.025 126.2 126.9 -1.3 -0.3 0.6 -0.6 0.6

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.423 154.4 154.3 1.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100).................... 31 0.254 76.5 73.8 -19.2 3.2 -5.9 -0.6 -3.5

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.604 103.2 103.2 0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.579 101.9 101.9 -3.1 -0.9 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.490 139.8 139.7 -1.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.331 142.4 142.3 -2.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.159 136.8 136.7 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.1

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.625 124.8 124.5 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.2

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.598 131.6 131.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5 -0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.848 144.0 145.1 -2.6 1.5 0.2 -0.8 0.8

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.060 114.7 114.3 -6.8 -0.4 -0.9 -0.9 -0.3

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.721 108.3 108.6 -2.9 -0.6 -0.4 -0.5 0.3

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.900 114.1 114.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.991 105.0 105.3 0.7 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.3

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.650 120.7 120.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.639 101.5 101.4 -2.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2018 to

December 2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20191

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.376 123.0 122.6 -0.3 -0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.3

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.143 122.0 121.7 -0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.956 132.3 132.3 0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Ceramic products................................ 69 0.268 135.7 135.8 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 2.962 192.6 192.7 11.7 3.4 -0.7 1.1 0.1

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.707 170.0 169.3 -5.3 -0.2 -1.3 -0.4 -0.4

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.250 200.7 198.7 -12.9 -0.7 -3.7 -2.2 -1.0

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.696 146.7 147.6 -2.1 -0.3 -1.0 -0.5 0.6

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.431 269.9 270.8 -5.1 -0.8 -0.7 2.7 0.3

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.980 127.6 127.9 -5.3 -0.9 -1.0 1.5 0.2

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.442 122.9 122.9 -0.9 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.515 134.6 134.5 -2.0 0.1 -1.0 0.0 -0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.990 78.8 78.8 -1.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.795 84.3 84.2 -2.8 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.195 73.5 73.6 -0.8 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.976 113.3 113.4 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.795 112.4 112.5 -0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2002=100)..................................... 88 1.068 113.1 113.2 -1.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.003 101.5 101.5 -0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.731 98.0 98.1 -0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.1

Clocks and watches and parts thereof. . . . . .. 91 0.210 142.1 142.1 0.5 0.2 -0.6 -0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.442 111.3 111.4 -1.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.782 116.9 117.1 -1.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.392 102.3 102.3 -1.2 0.0 -0.2 0.7 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.268 126.5 126.5 -2.8 0.0 -1.7 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2018 to

December 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20191

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.991 215.3 217.8 4.7 -1.7 -0.8 1.5 1.2

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.156 165.9 169.8 5.1 -4.0 -2.4 3.2 2.4

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.410 120.3 119.4 0.1 1.8 1.1 -1.5 -0.7

Vegetable products............................... II 4.600 198.7 195.1 -5.5 -2.3 3.5 3.1 -1.8

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 1.016 141.7 140.2 2.8 4.1 -1.4 2.1 -1.1

Cereals............................................ 10 1.386 194.8 193.5 -0.6 -8.6 7.0 2.5 -0.7

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.763 195.6 190.2 0.8 -0.8 4.0 2.9 -2.8

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.067 155.4 156.2 2.8 -1.0 1.2 0.7 0.5

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.582 100.2 100.6 5.7 -0.1 0.9 0.6 0.4

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.565 112.7 111.2 6.4 -3.1 6.8 -1.8 -1.3

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.702 214.9 221.9 -0.6 -2.8 -0.9 3.7 3.3

Mineral products.................................. V 10.356 212.6 212.2 -3.4 -0.8 0.2 0.7 -0.2

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.418 100.1 96.3 -0.7 0.2 0.1 1.5 -3.8

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 9.738 203.8 203.6 -3.6 -0.9 0.2 0.7 -0.1

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.878 137.2 137.0 -1.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.736 147.0 146.7 1.9 -0.4 -0.7 -0.8 -0.2

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.517 137.6 137.2 -6.7 -1.1 -0.8 -1.1 -0.3

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.102 107.7 107.7 1.6 -0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.0

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.560 105.7 104.7 3.6 -2.2 1.2 -0.1 -0.9

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.854 130.3 130.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.1

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.499 125.0 125.1 2.5 0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.1

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.987 155.9 156.1 0.1 0.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.154 141.2 140.3 -2.4 -0.8 -0.6 0.0 -0.6

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.277 138.1 137.2 -2.4 -0.9 -0.7 0.1 -0.7

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.877 153.0 152.0 -1.9 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 -0.7

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.603 92.1 91.2 -7.9 -1.5 -1.4 -0.8 -1.0

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.816 118.7 119.1 -12.0 -0.8 -1.9 -0.3 0.3

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.080 124.5 124.3 -5.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.2 -0.2

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.705 118.7 119.2 -4.6 -0.1 0.7 0.5 0.4

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.472 115.0 116.9 -10.9 0.6 3.1 2.0 1.7

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.825 127.3 126.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.3

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.546 262.3 261.2 10.4 1.5 -0.4 0.2 -0.4

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.616 154.9 155.5 -2.6 -1.0 -1.3 0.8 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2018 to

December 2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20191

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.470 174.2 174.3 -5.2 0.2 -1.6 2.2 0.1

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.671 98.5 98.3 -9.2 -2.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.337 154.1 154.1 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.138 97.4 97.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.2

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 16.374 115.7 115.4 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.764 77.7 77.7 -0.9 0.0 -0.5 0.0 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.841 137.1 137.1 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.360 116.2 116.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.963 110.6 110.5 1.4 0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.380 112.6 112.8 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.2

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.770 130.6 130.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.458 88.3 88.8 1.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: December 2018 to December 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20191

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 126.9 127.3 6.4 0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.875 183.5 189.5 86.1 1.4 -2.1 2.5 3.3

Manufacturing................................ 88.658 121.6 121.6 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0

Canada.......................................... 100.000 138.9 139.8 17.0 0.4 -1.0 1.0 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 29.963 179.9 185.9 98.8 1.5 -2.4 2.6 3.3

Manufacturing................................ 69.309 129.8 129.0 -0.9 0.1 -0.4 0.4 -0.6

European Union............................... 100.000 137.0 137.1 0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing................................ 98.777 133.5 133.5 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.0

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 127.7 127.5 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.2

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 112.5 113.0 1.0 0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.4

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 122.3 122.4 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 144.4 144.9 -2.0 0.1 -1.0 -0.7 0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 16.244 244.6 252.7 2.3 0.1 -1.8 -1.6 3.3

Manufacturing................................ 83.488 118.7 118.5 -2.7 0.1 -0.8 -0.5 -0.2

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 125.7 126.1 -2.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.9 0.3

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 7.771 125.7 131.1 -8.4 -1.6 1.2 -6.5 4.3

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.979 87.0 87.0 -1.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 0.0

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 97.6 97.6 -1.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 98.1 98.1 -1.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Japan............................................ 100.000 97.0 96.9 0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 98.5 98.5 -1.5 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.0

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 86.8 86.5 -2.1 -0.6 -0.5 0.0 -0.3

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.0 97.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.2

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 174.8 177.6 0.2 0.5 -3.1 1.6 1.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: December 2018 to December

2019

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20191

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 103.3 103.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.356 107.9 107.7 -11.1 -0.4 1.3 3.3 -0.2

Manufacturing................................ 90.495 103.1 103.0 0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Canada.......................................... 100.000 105.1 104.9 -2.1 -0.1 0.2 1.0 -0.2

European Union............................... 100.000 104.7 104.7 1.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.039 102.0 103.4 -1.4 -2.3 1.2 0.6 1.4

Manufacturing................................ 91.993 105.0 104.9 1.5 0.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

Germany........................................ 100.000 104.5 104.8 3.5 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.3

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 100.6 100.4 -1.3 -0.5 0.3 0.3 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.134 106.1 106.6 -7.7 -3.2 3.9 1.7 0.5

Manufacturing................................ 92.436 100.2 99.9 -0.9 -0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.3

Mexico........................................... 100.000 100.4 99.9 -1.7 -0.5 0.1 0.6 -0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.210 100.0 97.3 -15.8 -2.6 3.9 2.2 -2.7

Manufacturing................................ 93.293 100.4 100.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.1 0.5 -0.3

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 99.4 99.3 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 -0.6 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.070 96.8 96.7 1.0 -1.8 2.9 -3.2 -0.1

Manufacturing................................ 84.210 100.6 100.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2

China............................................ 100.000 97.9 98.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.7 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 20.754 97.6 97.7 3.4 -1.4 1.5 4.1 0.1

Manufacturing................................ 76.395 99.9 100.0 0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 101.0 101.0 0.8 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 18.151 100.1 101.3 1.3 -3.8 2.5 1.2 1.2

Manufacturing................................ 80.436 100.6 100.3 0.1 0.8 0.2 -0.3 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: December 2018 to December 20191

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 99.6 99.2 -6.1 -0.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.4

Canada.................................................. 99.4 98.6 -16.3 -0.5 1.2 -0.1 -0.8

European Union...................................... 102.9 102.8 0.9 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Germany................................................ 106.9 106.7 2.4 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.2

Latin America3

........................................ 103.7 103.2 0.7 -0.6 1.3 1.0 -0.5

Mexico.................................................. 103.0 102.2 0.4 -0.3 0.3 1.5 -0.8

Pacific Rim4............................................ 100.2 100.1 0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.1

China.................................................... 99.9 100.1 1.4 -0.1 0.1 0.8 0.2

Japan.................................................... 99.4 99.5 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: December

2018 to December 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20191

Index Percent change

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2018 to

Dec.

2019

Aug.

2019 to

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2019 to

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2019 to

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2019 to

Dec.

2019

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 179.0 181.4 -3.7 -0.3 1.2 2.2 1.3

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 26.123 143.4 143.3 -3.1 -0.1 -0.2 -1.2 -0.1

Asia.................................................. 60.826 170.3 173.6 -4.9 -0.6 2.2 4.0 1.9

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 162.5 163.8 -0.6 -1.4 0.4 -0.2 0.8

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 32.335 151.3 152.4 2.4 -0.7 -0.1 0.6 0.7

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 163.9 165.2 -4.9 -0.6 1.1 1.3 0.8

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.684 131.2 131.1 -3.3 0.5 -0.1 -1.0 -0.1

Asia.................................................. 57.194 152.7 154.7 -6.9 -1.3 2.0 2.6 1.3

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 146.3 147.6 1.1 -3.1 1.0 2.2 0.9

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 33.692 156.5 158.6 6.4 0.0 0.1 1.0 1.3

Asia.................................................. 44.163 139.7 141.1 -2.6 -6.7 1.8 4.3 1.0

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 178.0 188.2 -4.7 9.1 3.4 2.7 5.7

Europe............................................... 55.862 208.3 205.4 -6.5 18.9 0.2 8.0 -1.4

Asia.................................................. 18.972 128.5 153.3 -2.5 -1.5 3.5 0.1 19.3

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 6.646 159.6 185.3 4.2 -7.9 4.0 4.0 16.1

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 147.9 146.9 -2.6 -5.2 -2.1 3.3 -0.7

Europe............................................... 28.485 189.0 184.8 -9.7 1.1 -2.9 4.5 -2.2

Asia.................................................. 27.866 131.7 129.2 -3.1 -10.3 -4.1 5.2 -1.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 25.077 152.8 158.5 7.2 -6.4 -1.7 0.9 3.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.