For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 17, 2016 USDL-16-0519 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JANUARY 2016 

The number of job openings rose to 5.5 million on the last business day of January, the U.S. Bureau of 

Labor Statistics reported today. Hires declined to 5.0 million while separations edged down to 4.9 

million. Within separations, the quits rate was 2.0 percent, and the layoffs and discharges rate was 1.2 

percent. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations 

for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four geographic regions. The release also includes 2015 

annual estimates for hires and separations. The annual number of hires and quits increased in 2015, 

while the annual number of layoffs and discharges edged up, and the annual number of other separations

was essentially unchanged. 

Job Openings

Job openings remain at historically high levels, rising to 5.5 million (+260,000) in January. The job 

openings rate was 3.7 percent. The number of job openings increased in January for total private

(+289,000) and was little changed for government. Job openings increased in wholesale trade (+74,000) 

and construction (+61,000) but decreased in educational services (-40,000) and state and local 

 2.0

 2.2

 2.4

 2.6

 2.8

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

Jan-13 Apr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

January 2013 - January 2016

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Jan-13 Apr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

January 2013 - January 2016

Revisions to the JOLTS Data

Job openings, hires, and separations data have been revised from December 2000 forward to 

incorporate annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) seasonal adjustment factors. In addition, all data series 

are now available on a seasonally adjusted basis. See the revision section at the end of this release for 

more information. 
- 2 -

government education (-16,000). In the regions, job openings increased in the Midwest over the month.

(See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires decreased to 5.0 million (-372,000) in January. The hires rate was 3.5 percent. The 

number of hires decreased for total private (-333,000) and government (-38,000) in January. The decline 

in hires was widespread across industries. There was a decline in hires in health care and social 

assistance (-49,000), educational services (-42,000), transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-34,000), 

and state and local government (-32,000). Hires also edged down in professional and business services

(-101,000), accommodation and food services (-67,000), state and local government, excluding 

education (-16,000), and federal government (-6,000). In the regions, hires decreased in the South. (See 

table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.9 million total separations in January, edging down (-225,000) from December. The total 

separations rate in January was 3.4 percent. The number of total separations edged down for total private

(-199,000) and government (-26,000). Total separations rose in information (+19,000) but fell in 

accommodation and food services (-122,000) and in state and local government, excluding education

(-19,000). In the regions, the number of total separations fell in the South. (See table 3.)

The number of quits fell to 2.8 million (-284,000) in January. The quits rate was 2.0 percent. The

number of quits fell for total private (-286,000) and was little changed for government over the month. 

Quits fell in construction (-56,000), transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-34,000), professional and 

business services (-80,000), and health care and social assistance (-49,000). Quits decreased in 3 out of 

the 4 regions over the month: Northeast, South, and West. (See table 4.)

There were 1.7 million layoffs and discharges in January, little changed from December. The layoffs 

and discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed over the 

month for total private and edged down for government (-21,000). Seasonally adjusted estimates of 

layoffs and discharges are now available for individual industries, although for industries where no 

seasonal pattern was detected, the seasonally adjusted estimates are identical to the not seasonally 

adjusted estimates. In January, layoffs and discharges rose in transportation, warehousing, and utilities 

(+31,000) and federal government (+8,000) but fell in accommodation and food services (-72,000) and 

state and local government education (-16,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed 

over the month in the regions. (See table 5.)

In January, other separations rose to 437,000 (+69,000). Over the month, the number of other 

separations rose for total private to 378,000 (+75,000) and was little changed for government at 58,000.

Seasonally adjusted estimates of other separations are now available for individual industries and 

regions, although for industries and regions where no seasonal pattern was detected, the seasonally 

adjusted estimates are identical to the not seasonally adjusted estimates. In January, the number of other 
- 3 -

separations increased in health care and social assistance (+22,000), transportation, warehousing, and 

utilities (+19,000), real estate and rental and leasing (+9,000), and information (+8,000), and edged up in 

finance and insurance (+12,000). The number of other separations decreased in federal government 

(-4,000). In the regions, the number of other separations rose in the South and West. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in January 2016, hires totaled 61.7 

million and separations totaled 59.0 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.7 million. These 

totals include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year. 

Annual Levels and Rates

This release contains the 2015 annual levels and rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, and other separations. Note that annual figures for job openings are not calculated because 

job openings are measured on a stock, or point-in-time, basis rather than on a flow basis over a specified 

time period. The annual figures and additional tables are published with the release of January data each 

year. (See the Technical Note for additional information on these measures.) 

Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across years. In 2015, annual levels 

for hires and quits rose for the sixth consecutive year. Hires reached 61.7 million (43.5 percent of 

employment) and quits reached 33.4 million (23.6 percent of employment). The layoffs and discharges 

annual level edged up in 2015 for the second year, reaching 20.9 million (14.8 percent of employment). 

The annual level for other separations was essentially flat in 2015 at 4.6 million (3.2 percent of 

employment) after rising the past three years. The annual level for total separations (the sum of quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations) rose for the fifth consecutive year, reaching 58.9 million 

(41.5 percent of employment) in 2015. (See tables 13 through 22.) 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for February 2016 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, April 5, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 4,972 5,281 5,541 5,052 5,401 5,029 4,883 5,128 4,903

Total private....................................... 4,456 4,786 5,075 4,723 5,042 4,709 4,561 4,774 4,575

Mining and logging1............................ 17 14 17 30 33 29 45 45 44

Construction1................................... 137 124 185 369 322 295 316 283 267

Manufacturing.................................. 306 317 336 255 274 277 249 263 258

Durable goods1.............................. 190 174 183 152 163 168 146 162 153

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 116 143 153 103 112 110 102 101 106

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 845 822 967 1,089 1,087 1,038 1,091 1,074 1,057

Wholesale trade1............................ 166 137 211 131 128 134 142 133 138

Retail trade................................... 469 538 586 770 760 739 764 762 725

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 210 147 170 188 199 165 185 178 194

Information1

..................................... 121 101 100 79 72 83 74 61 80

Financial activities.............................. 302 390 360 206 217 224 190 203 204

Finance and insurance..................... 239 319 291 133 142 159 118 142 144

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 64 71 69 73 75 65 72 62 60

Professional and business services......... 890 1,034 1,089 1,006 1,175 1,074 999 1,095 1,044

Education and health services............... 903 1,075 1,076 582 641 550 540 578 552

Educational services1

....................... 95 93 53 61 84 42 71 74 82

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 808 982 1,023 521 557 508 469 504 470

Leisure and hospitality........................ 756 710 744 907 1,024 959 868 1,003 891

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 67 62 68 149 151 153 152 141 152

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 689 648 676 758 873 806 716 862 740

Other services1................................. 179 199 201 200 198 180 190 168 176

Government....................................... 516 495 466 329 359 321 321 354 328

Federal1

......................................... 68 80 83 39 45 39 40 40 44

State and local................................. 447 415 383 290 314 282 281 314 284

State and local education.................. 157 171 155 138 165 148 123 161 150

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 290 245 228 152 149 133 158 153 134

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4

Total private....................................... 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8

Mining and logging1

............................ 1.8 1.8 2.2 3.3 4.3 3.8 5.1 5.9 5.9

Construction1

................................... 2.1 1.8 2.7 5.8 4.9 4.5 5.0 4.3 4.0

Manufacturing.................................. 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.0

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.5 3.0 3.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.1 2.9 3.4 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.9

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.8 2.3 3.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3

Retail trade................................... 2.9 3.3 3.6 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.8 2.6 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.6

Information1

..................................... 4.2 3.5 3.5 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.7 2.2 2.9

Financial activities.............................. 3.6 4.5 4.2 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5

Finance and insurance..................... 3.8 5.0 4.5 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.0 2.3 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.1 3.5 2.9 2.9

Professional and business services......... 4.4 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.2

Education and health services............... 4.0 4.6 4.6 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5

Educational services1

....................... 2.7 2.6 1.5 1.8 2.4 1.2 2.1 2.1 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.2 4.9 5.1 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.8 4.4 4.6 6.1 6.7 6.2 5.8 6.5 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.1 2.7 3.0 7.0 6.9 7.0 7.1 6.5 6.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.1 4.7 4.9 5.9 6.6 6.1 5.6 6.6 5.6

Other services1

................................. 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Government....................................... 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 2.4 2.8 2.9 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6

State and local................................. 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.1 2.6 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.5

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data 

In accordance with annual practice, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data have 

been revised to reflect annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment 

survey, employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio adjusted to the 

CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. In most years, 

this annual benchmark process would result in the revision of 21 months of not seasonally adjusted data. 

However, this year the Current Employment Statistics program received corrected employment data for 

January 2000 through March 2015 for some establishments that provide in-home support services for the 

elderly and people with disabilities. (For more information on this year’s CES benchmark and the 

reclassification of jobs, see www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.) These updated data required a 

retabulation of the JOLTS series for that time period. Additionally, new seasonal factors have been 

developed based on the full revised JOLTS series and have been applied to the data from December 

2000 forward. 

Beginning with this release, JOLTS is adding two new subseries for state and local government: state 

and local education, and state and local, excluding education. Also, JOLTS now has seasonally adjusted 

data for all JOLTS series. Previously, not all industries were available on a seasonally adjusted basis; 

industry data for layoffs and discharges were not available; and industry and region data for other 

separations were not available.

Tables B through G below present revised total nonfarm data for January through December 2015. The 

December 2015 revisions also reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the 

final December estimates. Tables presenting revisions to total nonfarm data for December 2000 through 

2014 will be available later today on the JOLTS website. The website also contains all revised 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. The revision tables and data can be accessed 

through the JOLTS homepage at www.bls.gov/jlt/. 

Table B. Revisions in job openings data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2015

January........................ 4,965 4,972 7 3.4 3.4 0.0

February........................ 5,144 5,131 -13 3.5 3.5 .0

March........................... 5,109 5,180 71 3.5 3.5 .0

April.............................. 5,334 5,580 246 3.6 3.8 .2

May.............................. 5,357 5,386 29 3.6 3.7 .1

June.............................. 5,323 5,168 -155 3.6 3.5 -.1

July.............................. 5,668 5,788 120 3.8 3.9 .1

August........................ 5,377 5,308 -69 3.6 3.6 .0

September..................... 5,534 5,360 -174 3.7 3.6 -.1

October........................ 5,349 5,422 73 3.6 3.7 .1

November..................... 5,346 5,198 -148 3.6 3.5 -.1

December..................... 5,607 5,281 -326 3.8 3.6 -.2

Year and month
Table C. Revisions in hires data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2015

January........................ 4,994 5,052 58 3.5 3.6 0.1

February........................ 5,011 5,091 80 3.6 3.6 .0

March........................... 5,088 5,110 22 3.6 3.6 .0

April.............................. 5,034 5,071 37 3.6 3.6 .0

May.............................. 5,060 5,111 51 3.6 3.6 .0

June.............................. 5,182 5,147 -35 3.7 3.6 -.1

July.............................. 5,065 5,084 19 3.6 3.6 .0

August........................ 5,081 5,060 -21 3.6 3.6 .0

September..................... 5,080 5,131 51 3.6 3.6 .0

October........................ 5,168 5,212 44 3.6 3.7 .1

November..................... 5,256 5,253 -3 3.7 3.7 .0

December..................... 5,361 5,401 40 3.7 3.8 .1

Year and month

Table D. Revisions in total separations data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2015

January........................ 4,834 4,883 49 3.4 3.5 0.1

February........................ 4,793 4,740 -53 3.4 3.4 .0

March........................... 5,065 4,985 -80 3.6 3.5 -.1

April.............................. 4,895 4,887 -8 3.5 3.5 .0

May.............................. 4,799 4,869 70 3.4 3.4 .0

June.............................. 4,906 4,937 31 3.5 3.5 .0

July.............................. 4,796 4,794 -2 3.4 3.4 .0

August........................ 4,886 4,951 65 3.4 3.5 .1

September..................... 4,886 4,956 70 3.4 3.5 .1

October........................ 4,901 4,912 11 3.4 3.4 .0

November..................... 4,962 4,958 -4 3.5 3.5 .0

December..................... 5,072 5,128 56 3.5 3.6 .1

Year and month
Table E. Revisions in quits data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2015

January........................ 2,779 2,770 -9 2.0 2.0 0.0

February........................ 2,720 2,703 -17 1.9 1.9 .0

March........................... 2,769 2,722 -47 2.0 1.9 -.1

April.............................. 2,709 2,681 -28 1.9 1.9 .0

May.............................. 2,730 2,758 28 1.9 1.9 .0

June.............................. 2,738 2,746 8 1.9 1.9 .0

July.............................. 2,737 2,724 -13 1.9 1.9 .0

August........................ 2,771 2,855 84 1.9 2.0 .1

September..................... 2,727 2,748 21 1.9 1.9 .0

October........................ 2,784 2,797 13 2.0 2.0 .0

November..................... 2,859 2,862 3 2.0 2.0 .0

December..................... 3,055 3,088 33 2.1 2.2 .1

Year and month

Table F. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2015

January........................ 1,722 1,756 34 1.2 1.2 0.0

February........................ 1,688 1,683 -5 1.2 1.2 .0

March........................... 1,894 1,907 13 1.3 1.4 .1

April.............................. 1,784 1,798 14 1.3 1.3 .0

May.............................. 1,660 1,702 42 1.2 1.2 .0

June.............................. 1,779 1,783 4 1.3 1.3 .0

July.............................. 1,646 1,664 18 1.2 1.2 .0

August........................ 1,725 1,693 -32 1.2 1.2 .0

September..................... 1,786 1,842 56 1.3 1.3 .0

October........................ 1,703 1,721 18 1.2 1.2 .0

November..................... 1,686 1,718 32 1.2 1.2 .0

December..................... 1,607 1,672 65 1.1 1.2 .1

Year and month
Table G. Revisions in other separations data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2015

January........................ 333 357 24 0.2 0.3 0.1

February........................ 385 354 -31 0.3 0.3 .0

March........................... 403 356 -47 0.3 0.3 .0

April.............................. 402 407 5 0.3 0.3 .0

May.............................. 409 410 1 0.3 0.3 .0

June.............................. 389 407 18 0.3 0.3 .0

July.............................. 413 405 -8 0.3 0.3 .0

August........................ 389 403 14 0.3 0.3 .0

September..................... 373 365 -8 0.3 0.3 .0

October........................ 414 394 -20 0.3 0.3 .0

November..................... 417 378 -39 0.3 0.3 .0

December..................... 411 368 -43 0.3 0.3 .0

Year and month
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total............................................... 4,972 5,360 5,422 5,198 5,281 5,541 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,456 4,880 4,938 4,725 4,786 5,075 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0

Mining and logging3

....................... 17 17 19 15 14 17 1.8 2.1 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.2

Construction3............................... 137 104 129 101 124 185 2.1 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.8 2.7

Manufacturing.............................. 306 312 311 238 317 336 2.4 2.5 2.5 1.9 2.5 2.6

Durable goods3

.......................... 190 191 181 138 174 183 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.8 2.2 2.3

Nondurable goods3

...................... 116 120 130 100 143 153 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.1 3.0 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 845 954 931 861 822 967 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 166 163 183 128 137 211 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.1 2.3 3.4

Retail trade............................... 469 623 563 527 538 586 2.9 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 210 169 185 205 147 170 3.8 3.0 3.3 3.6 2.6 3.0

Information3................................. 121 110 114 68 101 100 4.2 3.8 4.0 2.4 3.5 3.5

Financial activities......................... 302 313 308 356 390 360 3.6 3.7 3.6 4.2 4.5 4.2

Finance and insurance................. 239 269 242 312 319 291 3.8 4.2 3.8 4.9 5.0 4.5

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 64 44 67 44 71 69 3.0 2.1 3.1 2.0 3.3 3.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 890 1,111 1,149 1,126 1,034 1,089 4.4 5.3 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.2

Education and health services........... 903 1,080 1,050 1,113 1,075 1,076 4.0 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.6

Educational services3

................... 95 92 107 89 93 53 2.7 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.6 1.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 808 989 942 1,023 982 1,023 4.2 5.0 4.8 5.2 4.9 5.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 756 706 737 732 710 744 4.8 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 67 50 62 64 62 68 3.1 2.3 2.7 2.8 2.7 3.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 689 656 676 668 648 676 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.9

Other services3

............................. 179 173 190 116 199 201 3.1 3.0 3.3 2.0 3.4 3.4

Government................................... 516 480 484 473 495 466 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1

Federal3

..................................... 68 55 61 72 80 83 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.8 2.9

State and local............................. 447 424 423 401 415 383 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.9

State and local education.............. 157 150 153 160 171 155 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 290 274 270 241 245 228 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 825 896 907 897 887 897 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3

South........................................... 1,856 2,015 2,057 2,071 1,981 2,075 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,131 1,218 1,293 1,121 1,100 1,268 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.8

West............................................ 1,160 1,232 1,166 1,109 1,313 1,301 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.9 3.8

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total............................................... 5,052 5,131 5,212 5,253 5,401 5,029 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,723 4,806 4,856 4,904 5,042 4,709 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.9

Mining and logging......................... 30 25 32 21 33 29 3.3 3.2 4.0 2.8 4.3 3.8

Construction................................ 369 324 314 340 322 295 5.8 5.0 4.8 5.2 4.9 4.5

Manufacturing.............................. 255 279 264 278 274 277 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2

Durable goods........................... 152 175 144 153 163 168 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 103 104 120 126 112 110 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,089 1,060 1,057 1,085 1,087 1,038 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8

Wholesale trade......................... 131 133 128 134 128 134 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3

Retail trade............................... 770 744 748 766 760 739 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 188 183 181 186 199 165 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.0

Information.................................. 79 83 87 71 72 83 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.6 2.6 3.0

Financial activities......................... 206 188 205 208 217 224 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 133 117 136 137 142 159 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 73 71 70 71 75 65 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,006 1,058 1,058 1,056 1,175 1,074 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.9 5.4

Education and health services........... 582 610 644 661 641 550 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.5

Educational services.................... 61 80 87 102 84 42 1.8 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.4 1.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 521 529 558 559 557 508 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 907 961 991 992 1,024 959 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 149 141 171 131 151 153 7.0 6.5 7.8 5.9 6.9 7.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 758 820 820 861 873 806 5.9 6.3 6.3 6.6 6.6 6.1

Other services.............................. 200 217 204 190 198 180 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.2

Government................................... 329 325 356 349 359 321 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 39 33 40 45 45 39 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4

State and local............................. 290 292 316 304 314 282 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 138 139 152 157 165 148 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 152 153 165 148 149 133 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 735 814 846 851 827 794 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0

South........................................... 2,033 2,033 1,954 1,985 2,109 1,833 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.5

Midwest........................................ 1,165 1,122 1,192 1,197 1,249 1,242 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.9

West............................................ 1,119 1,162 1,220 1,219 1,216 1,161 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total............................................... 4,883 4,956 4,912 4,958 5,128 4,903 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,561 4,633 4,544 4,616 4,774 4,575 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8

Mining and logging......................... 45 34 34 35 45 44 5.1 4.3 4.3 4.6 5.9 5.9

Construction................................ 316 316 275 292 283 267 5.0 4.9 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.0

Manufacturing.............................. 249 272 271 267 263 258 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1

Durable goods........................... 146 168 150 154 162 153 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0

Nondurable goods....................... 102 103 120 113 101 106 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,091 1,022 1,003 1,040 1,074 1,057 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.9

Wholesale trade......................... 142 124 121 127 133 138 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3

Retail trade............................... 764 718 706 744 762 725 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 185 180 176 169 178 194 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.6

Information.................................. 74 81 81 79 61 80 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.2 2.9

Financial activities......................... 190 186 192 190 203 204 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 118 114 123 136 142 144 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 72 73 69 54 62 60 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.6 2.9 2.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 999 1,012 1,002 1,020 1,095 1,044 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.5 5.2

Education and health services........... 540 542 558 600 578 552 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5

Educational services.................... 71 66 80 97 74 82 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.8 2.1 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 469 476 479 503 504 470 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 868 938 935 939 1,003 891 5.8 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.5 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 152 139 168 130 141 152 7.1 6.4 7.7 5.9 6.5 6.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 716 799 767 809 862 740 5.6 6.1 5.9 6.2 6.6 5.6

Other services.............................. 190 231 191 154 168 176 3.4 4.1 3.4 2.7 3.0 3.1

Government................................... 321 323 369 342 354 328 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 40 35 44 42 40 44 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6

State and local............................. 281 288 325 300 314 284 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 123 151 166 160 161 150 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 158 137 160 140 153 134 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.5

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 782 785 733 797 855 796 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.0

South........................................... 1,968 1,967 1,972 1,952 2,011 1,863 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.6

Midwest........................................ 1,048 1,061 1,091 1,112 1,105 1,091 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4

West............................................ 1,085 1,143 1,117 1,098 1,156 1,154 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total............................................... 2,770 2,748 2,797 2,862 3,088 2,804 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,627 2,601 2,631 2,705 2,922 2,636 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2

Mining and logging......................... 12 15 14 18 16 18 1.4 2.0 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.3

Construction................................ 115 133 87 129 137 81 1.8 2.1 1.3 2.0 2.1 1.2

Manufacturing.............................. 137 144 147 145 133 142 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

Durable goods........................... 84 88 74 74 80 80 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Nondurable goods....................... 53 57 73 71 54 62 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 614 620 646 627 719 644 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.4

Wholesale trade......................... 77 83 68 72 81 85 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4

Retail trade............................... 452 446 470 471 518 473 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 85 90 108 85 120 86 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.6 2.2 1.6

Information.................................. 37 43 43 42 35 41 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5

Financial activities......................... 113 97 114 86 122 108 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.3

Finance and insurance................. 77 61 69 62 87 78 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 36 36 45 24 36 30 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.1 1.7 1.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 560 486 531 522 614 534 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.7

Education and health services........... 363 342 364 408 385 336 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.5

Educational services.................... 34 35 38 55 49 49 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 329 308 326 353 336 287 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 573 608 588 636 671 621 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 55 55 56 53 60 65 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.7 3.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 518 552 532 583 611 556 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.2

Other services3

............................. 101 114 97 91 89 110 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.6 2.0

Government................................... 143 147 166 157 166 168 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 13 12 14 14 13 13 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 130 134 152 143 153 155 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 61 72 77 72 75 81 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 69 62 75 71 78 74 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 389 393 382 400 445 396 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.5

South........................................... 1,147 1,126 1,126 1,137 1,286 1,134 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.2

Midwest........................................ 610 621 648 687 656 652 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0

West............................................ 624 608 641 638 701 622 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total............................................... 1,756 1,842 1,721 1,718 1,672 1,663 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,646 1,737 1,593 1,599 1,549 1,561 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging3

....................... 30 15 18 12 26 24 3.4 1.9 2.2 1.6 3.4 3.2

Construction................................ 197 175 177 157 138 173 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.1 2.6

Manufacturing.............................. 90 108 102 101 104 94 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 50 67 61 64 65 59 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 40 41 41 37 39 35 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 375 301 273 302 266 305 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1

Wholesale trade3

........................ 61 25 46 45 39 46 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8

Retail trade............................... 228 204 176 189 177 178 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 86 72 51 69 50 81 1.6 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.5

Information.................................. 27 26 29 31 19 24 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.9

Financial activities......................... 54 73 46 58 62 56 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7

Finance and insurance................. 26 40 27 32 38 37 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 28 33 19 26 24 19 1.4 1.6 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 402 471 409 441 414 446 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2

Education and health services........... 133 152 146 156 149 150 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 31 25 37 37 22 29 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 103 128 109 119 127 121 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 262 303 314 280 298 231 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 91 80 109 72 80 84 4.3 3.6 5.0 3.3 3.6 3.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 171 224 205 208 219 147 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.1

Other services.............................. 76 112 79 59 72 59 1.4 2.0 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.0

Government................................... 110 106 129 119 123 102 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5

Federal...................................... 17 8 11 11 10 18 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6

State and local............................. 93 98 118 108 113 84 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4

State and local education.............. 38 50 61 62 61 45 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 55 48 57 46 52 39 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 322 323 285 329 324 328 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

South........................................... 668 689 669 647 601 567 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1

Midwest........................................ 385 379 364 348 374 360 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1

West............................................ 380 451 404 393 372 408 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total............................................... 357 365 394 378 368 437 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 288 295 320 311 303 378 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 2 3 2 5 3 2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3

Construction3

............................... 3 8 11 6 8 13 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 22 19 22 20 26 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 13 13 15 15 17 14 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 9 6 7 5 8 9 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 102 101 84 110 89 108 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 4 15 7 10 14 7 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 83 68 60 84 68 74 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 14 18 17 15 8 27 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.5

Information3................................. 10 12 9 5 7 15 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5

Financial activities......................... 23 17 32 46 19 40 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.5

Finance and insurance................. 15 13 27 42 17 29 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 7 4 5 4 2 11 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 37 55 63 56 66 64 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 44 47 48 36 44 66 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Educational services3................... 7 7 4 5 4 4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 37 40 44 31 40 62 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 32 27 34 23 34 40 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 6 4 4 5 2 3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 27 23 30 18 32 37 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3

Other services3............................. 12 5 15 4 7 7 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Government................................... 68 70 74 66 65 58 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 11 15 19 17 17 13 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5

State and local............................. 57 55 55 49 48 45 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education.............. 23 29 27 26 25 24 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 34 27 28 23 23 21 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 71 69 66 67 86 73 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

South........................................... 153 151 177 168 125 161 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest........................................ 53 61 79 77 75 79 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 80 84 72 66 82 124 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,031 4,844 5,621 3.5 3.3 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,541 4,368 5,183 3.7 3.5 4.2

Mining and logging............................................... 17 14 17 1.9 1.8 2.2

Construction....................................................... 137 124 185 2.2 1.9 2.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 306 317 336 2.4 2.5 2.7

Durable goods.................................................. 190 174 183 2.4 2.2 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 116 143 153 2.5 3.0 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 817 717 936 3.0 2.5 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 166 137 211 2.8 2.3 3.5

Retail trade..................................................... 441 433 556 2.8 2.6 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 210 147 170 3.8 2.5 3.0

Information........................................................ 121 101 100 4.3 3.5 3.6

Financial activities................................................ 328 350 394 3.9 4.1 4.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 264 279 325 4.2 4.4 5.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 64 71 69 3.0 3.3 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 951 959 1,146 4.8 4.6 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 973 1,015 1,162 4.3 4.3 5.0

Educational services.......................................... 95 93 53 2.8 2.5 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 878 923 1,109 4.6 4.6 5.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 714 571 706 4.8 3.7 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 65 43 68 3.3 2.1 3.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 649 529 638 5.0 3.9 4.8

Other services.................................................... 179 199 201 3.1 3.4 3.5

Government.......................................................... 489 475 438 2.2 2.1 2.0

Federal............................................................. 68 80 83 2.4 2.8 2.9

State and local.................................................... 421 396 356 2.2 2.0 1.8

State and local education..................................... 131 151 128 1.3 1.4 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 290 245 228 3.2 2.7 2.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 818 811 897 3.1 2.9 3.3

South................................................................. 1,930 1,854 2,153 3.7 3.4 4.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,086 1,016 1,229 3.4 3.1 3.7

West.................................................................. 1,197 1,161 1,342 3.7 3.4 4.0

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 4,794 3,919 4,784 3.5 2.7 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,504 3,697 4,500 3.9 3.0 3.8

Mining and logging............................................... 35 22 34 4.0 2.8 4.6

Construction....................................................... 322 183 257 5.4 2.8 4.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 268 183 291 2.2 1.5 2.4

Durable goods.................................................. 165 109 182 2.1 1.4 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 103 74 109 2.3 1.6 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 913 874 865 3.4 3.1 3.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 144 94 146 2.5 1.6 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 599 577 570 3.9 3.5 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 171 203 149 3.2 3.6 2.8

Information........................................................ 88 57 95 3.3 2.0 3.5

Financial activities................................................ 224 160 247 2.8 2.0 3.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 149 106 179 2.5 1.7 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 76 54 68 3.7 2.6 3.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,090 894 1,164 5.7 4.5 5.9

Education and health services.................................. 612 469 577 2.8 2.1 2.6

Educational services.......................................... 61 42 42 1.8 1.2 1.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 552 427 535 3.0 2.3 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 763 722 803 5.4 4.8 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 113 103 117 6.0 5.1 6.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 650 619 686 5.3 4.8 5.4

Other services.................................................... 187 133 166 3.4 2.4 3.0

Government.......................................................... 291 222 284 1.3 1.0 1.3

Federal............................................................. 33 37 33 1.2 1.3 1.2

State and local.................................................... 258 184 251 1.3 0.9 1.3

State and local education..................................... 128 86 138 1.2 0.8 1.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 129 99 113 1.5 1.1 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 663 609 719 2.6 2.3 2.7

South................................................................. 2,063 1,524 1,873 4.1 2.9 3.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,056 900 1,139 3.4 2.8 3.6

West.................................................................. 1,012 886 1,052 3.2 2.7 3.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,382 4,822 5,386 3.9 3.3 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,076 4,511 5,076 4.4 3.7 4.3

Mining and logging............................................... 46 41 46 5.3 5.4 6.1

Construction....................................................... 364 304 312 6.1 4.7 5.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 250 234 262 2.1 1.9 2.1

Durable goods.................................................. 153 141 163 2.0 1.8 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 98 93 99 2.2 2.0 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,442 1,102 1,367 5.4 4.0 5.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 151 109 150 2.6 1.9 2.6

Retail trade..................................................... 1,016 780 934 6.6 4.8 5.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 275 212 283 5.2 3.8 5.2

Information........................................................ 94 53 100 3.5 1.9 3.7

Financial activities................................................ 219 189 241 2.7 2.3 3.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 135 131 173 2.3 2.2 2.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 84 58 68 4.1 2.8 3.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,081 1,064 1,150 5.7 5.3 5.9

Education and health services.................................. 558 504 570 2.6 2.2 2.6

Educational services.......................................... 64 55 75 1.9 1.5 2.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 494 448 495 2.7 2.4 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 837 867 856 5.9 5.8 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 128 109 129 6.8 5.4 6.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 710 758 727 5.7 5.8 5.7

Other services.................................................... 184 154 171 3.3 2.7 3.1

Government.......................................................... 305 311 310 1.4 1.4 1.4

Federal............................................................. 64 37 72 2.3 1.3 2.6

State and local.................................................... 241 275 238 1.3 1.4 1.2

State and local education..................................... 95 134 116 0.9 1.3 1.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 146 141 122 1.7 1.6 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 896 842 916 3.5 3.2 3.5

South................................................................. 2,163 1,828 2,028 4.3 3.5 4.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,142 1,100 1,183 3.7 3.4 3.7

West.................................................................. 1,180 1,052 1,258 3.7 3.2 3.9

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 2,763 2,604 2,805 2.0 1.8 2.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,638 2,476 2,660 2.3 2.0 2.2

Mining and logging............................................... 12 12 17 1.3 1.6 2.3

Construction....................................................... 102 106 72 1.7 1.6 1.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 124 97 130 1.0 0.8 1.1

Durable goods.................................................. 79 58 77 1.0 0.7 1.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 46 39 54 1.0 0.9 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 649 654 684 2.4 2.3 2.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 83 58 93 1.4 1.0 1.6

Retail trade..................................................... 484 471 508 3.1 2.9 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 83 125 83 1.6 2.2 1.5

Information........................................................ 44 28 49 1.6 1.0 1.8

Financial activities................................................ 114 107 111 1.4 1.3 1.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 78 71 81 1.3 1.2 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 36 36 30 1.8 1.7 1.5

Professional and business services............................ 561 527 539 2.9 2.6 2.7

Education and health services.................................. 381 317 352 1.8 1.4 1.6

Educational services.......................................... 32 34 47 1.0 0.9 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 349 283 305 1.9 1.5 1.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 551 539 596 3.9 3.6 4.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 46 43 54 2.4 2.1 2.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 505 496 541 4.1 3.8 4.3

Other services.................................................... 101 89 110 1.8 1.6 2.0

Government.......................................................... 125 129 146 0.6 0.6 0.7

Federal............................................................. 14 11 14 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local.................................................... 111 118 132 0.6 0.6 0.7

State and local education..................................... 50 54 65 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 61 64 66 0.7 0.7 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 413 365 420 1.6 1.4 1.6

South................................................................. 1,162 1,080 1,150 2.3 2.1 2.2

Midwest............................................................... 571 558 614 1.8 1.7 1.9

West.................................................................. 617 601 621 2.0 1.8 1.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 2,175 1,844 2,041 1.6 1.3 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,074 1,727 1,944 1.8 1.4 1.6

Mining and logging............................................... 30 26 24 3.5 3.4 3.3

Construction....................................................... 259 190 228 4.4 2.9 3.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 99 112 104 0.8 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 57 67 68 0.7 0.9 0.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 43 45 36 0.9 1.0 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 651 369 538 2.5 1.3 2.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 61 39 46 1.0 0.7 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 412 250 320 2.7 1.5 2.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 178 80 172 3.3 1.4 3.2

Information........................................................ 40 18 37 1.5 0.6 1.3

Financial activities................................................ 75 60 77 0.9 0.7 0.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 35 40 50 0.6 0.7 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 40 20 27 2.0 1.0 1.3

Professional and business services............................ 462 458 509 2.4 2.3 2.6

Education and health services.................................. 133 142 153 0.6 0.6 0.7

Educational services.......................................... 25 18 25 0.8 0.5 0.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 108 125 128 0.6 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 254 294 220 1.8 2.0 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 76 65 72 4.0 3.2 3.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 178 230 149 1.4 1.8 1.2

Other services.................................................... 70 58 53 1.3 1.0 1.0

Government.......................................................... 101 116 97 0.5 0.5 0.4

Federal............................................................. 32 7 36 1.2 0.3 1.3

State and local.................................................... 69 109 61 0.4 0.6 0.3

State and local education..................................... 26 62 30 0.2 0.6 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 43 47 31 0.5 0.5 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 393 396 405 1.5 1.5 1.5

South................................................................. 818 609 687 1.6 1.2 1.3

Midwest............................................................... 493 470 453 1.6 1.5 1.4

West.................................................................. 471 368 496 1.5 1.1 1.5

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Jan.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 444 375 540 0.3 0.3 0.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 364 308 472 0.3 0.3 0.4

Mining and logging............................................... 4 3 4 0.5 0.4 0.6

Construction....................................................... 3 8 13 0.1 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 27 25 27 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 17 17 18 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 9 8 9 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 142 80 145 0.5 0.3 0.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 7 13 12 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 120 59 106 0.8 0.4 0.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 14 8 27 0.3 0.1 0.5

Information........................................................ 10 7 15 0.4 0.3 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 30 22 54 0.4 0.3 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 23 20 42 0.4 0.3 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 7 2 11 0.4 0.1 0.5

Professional and business services............................ 59 78 101 0.3 0.4 0.5

Education and health services.................................. 44 44 66 0.2 0.2 0.3

Educational services.......................................... 7 4 4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 37 40 62 0.2 0.2 0.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 32 34 40 0.2 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 6 2 3 0.3 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 27 32 37 0.2 0.2 0.3

Other services.................................................... 12 7 7 0.2 0.1 0.1

Government.......................................................... 79 66 68 0.4 0.3 0.3

Federal............................................................. 18 18 22 0.7 0.7 0.8

State and local.................................................... 61 48 45 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 19 18 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 42 30 25 0.5 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 90 80 91 0.4 0.3 0.3

South................................................................. 184 140 192 0.4 0.3 0.4

Midwest............................................................... 79 72 115 0.3 0.2 0.4

West.................................................................. 91 83 142 0.3 0.3 0.4

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 13. Annual hires levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total.............................................................................. 50,253 52,354 54,318 58,632 61,680

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 47,166 48,914 50,879 54,980 57,557

Mining and logging........................................................ 339 378 356 397 312

Construction............................................................... 4,175 3,996 3,866 3,751 3,909

Manufacturing............................................................. 3,052 2,983 2,894 3,126 3,163

Durable goods.......................................................... 1,779 1,796 1,742 1,829 1,852

Nondurable goods...................................................... 1,275 1,187 1,150 1,297 1,312

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 10,009 10,481 11,153 12,811 13,013

Wholesale trade........................................................ 1,518 1,576 1,428 1,749 1,675

Retail trade.............................................................. 6,801 6,999 7,804 8,850 9,085

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 1,690 1,907 1,920 2,216 2,256

Information................................................................. 736 749 845 892 946

Financial activities......................................................... 1,884 2,198 2,414 2,315 2,369

Finance and insurance................................................ 1,196 1,421 1,585 1,511 1,590

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 688 779 828 803 780

Professional and business services.................................... 10,385 10,614 11,048 12,054 12,573

Education and health services.......................................... 5,850 6,196 6,429 6,871 7,335

Educational services................................................... 947 884 901 988 980

Health care and social assistance................................... 4,900 5,310 5,526 5,886 6,358

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 8,520 9,101 9,631 10,523 11,453

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1,449 1,555 1,571 1,770 1,774

Accommodation and food services................................... 7,072 7,547 8,058 8,752 9,680

Other services............................................................. 2,219 2,220 2,249 2,238 2,477

Government.................................................................. 3,084 3,439 3,440 3,653 4,126

Federal..................................................................... 332 372 371 390 479

State and local............................................................ 2,754 3,067 3,069 3,262 3,645

State and local education............................................. 1,409 1,532 1,575 1,555 1,797

State and local, excluding education................................ 1,342 1,533 1,494 1,706 1,849

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 8,450 8,405 8,511 8,871 9,690

South.......................................................................... 19,158 20,659 21,602 23,223 24,164

Midwest....................................................................... 11,603 11,720 11,887 13,089 13,837

West........................................................................... 11,043 11,572 12,319 13,449 13,992

1 The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 14. Annual hires rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total.............................................................................. 38.1 39.0 39.8 42.2 43.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 42.9 43.6 44.4 47.0 48.0

Mining and logging........................................................ 43.0 44.6 41.3 44.6 38.0

Construction............................................................... 75.5 70.8 66.0 61.0 60.6

Manufacturing............................................................. 26.0 25.0 24.1 25.7 25.7

Durable goods.......................................................... 24.5 24.0 23.1 23.8 23.9

Nondurable goods...................................................... 28.6 26.6 25.7 28.7 28.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 39.9 41.1 43.1 48.6 48.3

Wholesale trade........................................................ 27.4 27.8 24.9 30.1 28.5

Retail trade.............................................................. 46.4 47.2 51.8 57.6 58.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 34.8 38.4 38.0 42.5 41.7

Information................................................................. 27.5 28.0 31.2 32.7 34.4

Financial activities......................................................... 24.5 28.2 30.6 29.0 29.2

Finance and insurance................................................ 20.7 24.4 26.9 25.5 26.3

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 35.7 39.8 41.4 39.2 37.4

Professional and business services.................................... 59.9 59.2 59.7 63.2 63.9

Education and health services.......................................... 28.8 29.8 30.5 32.0 33.3

Educational services................................................... 29.1 26.5 26.9 28.9 28.3

Health care and social assistance................................... 28.7 30.5 31.2 32.7 34.2

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 63.8 66.1 67.6 71.6 75.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 75.5 79.0 77.4 84.2 81.9

Accommodation and food services................................... 61.9 64.0 65.9 69.5 74.7

Other services............................................................. 41.4 40.9 41.0 40.2 44.0

Government.................................................................. 14.0 15.7 15.7 16.7 18.7

Federal..................................................................... 11.6 13.2 13.4 14.3 17.4

State and local............................................................ 14.3 16.1 16.1 17.0 18.9

State and local education............................................. 13.8 15.1 15.5 15.2 17.5

State and local, excluding education................................ 14.9 17.2 16.8 19.1 20.6

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 33.7 33.3 33.4 34.4 36.9

South.......................................................................... 39.9 42.4 43.6 45.9 46.8

Midwest....................................................................... 38.7 38.6 38.7 42.1 43.7

West........................................................................... 38.2 38.7 40.1 42.6 43.4

1 The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 15. Annual total separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total.............................................................................. 48,214 50,143 51,951 55,625 58,943

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 44,760 46,638 48,443 52,098 54,957

Mining and logging........................................................ 242 357 334 363 448

Construction............................................................... 3,967 3,886 3,639 3,433 3,618

Manufacturing............................................................. 2,838 2,810 2,775 2,927 3,142

Durable goods.......................................................... 1,546 1,654 1,651 1,672 1,873

Nondurable goods...................................................... 1,292 1,155 1,125 1,256 1,270

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 9,503 10,082 10,578 12,196 12,536

Wholesale trade........................................................ 1,391 1,477 1,369 1,666 1,607

Retail trade.............................................................. 6,495 6,844 7,397 8,556 8,798

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 1,618 1,760 1,811 1,973 2,132

Information................................................................. 738 758 804 883 920

Financial activities......................................................... 1,851 2,104 2,331 2,203 2,218

Finance and insurance................................................ 1,162 1,361 1,545 1,457 1,477

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 687 741 789 746 742

Professional and business services.................................... 9,805 10,011 10,504 11,439 11,972

Education and health services.......................................... 5,441 5,802 6,164 6,358 6,648

Educational services................................................... 821 867 863 896 929

Health care and social assistance................................... 4,620 4,934 5,302 5,462 5,718

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 8,211 8,652 9,147 10,118 11,046

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1,477 1,470 1,502 1,720 1,705

Accommodation and food services................................... 6,736 7,180 7,647 8,399 9,343

Other services............................................................. 2,164 2,178 2,161 2,179 2,413

Government.................................................................. 3,451 3,504 3,509 3,526 3,984

Federal..................................................................... 372 395 440 382 462

State and local............................................................ 3,080 3,108 3,070 3,144 3,524

State and local education............................................. 1,625 1,539 1,567 1,481 1,735

State and local, excluding education................................ 1,456 1,570 1,501 1,665 1,789

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 8,125 8,291 8,473 8,738 9,207

South.......................................................................... 18,515 19,728 20,353 21,945 23,354

Midwest....................................................................... 11,077 11,342 11,161 12,253 12,972

West........................................................................... 10,494 10,783 11,965 12,690 13,408

1 The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 16. Annual total separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total.............................................................................. 36.5 37.4 38.1 40.0 41.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 40.7 41.5 42.3 44.5 45.9

Mining and logging........................................................ 30.7 42.1 38.7 40.7 54.6

Construction............................................................... 71.7 68.8 62.1 55.8 56.1

Manufacturing............................................................. 24.2 23.6 23.1 24.0 25.5

Durable goods.......................................................... 21.3 22.1 21.9 21.8 24.1

Nondurable goods...................................................... 29.0 25.9 25.2 27.8 27.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 37.9 39.6 40.9 46.2 46.6

Wholesale trade........................................................ 25.1 26.1 23.9 28.7 27.4

Retail trade.............................................................. 44.3 46.1 49.1 55.7 56.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 33.3 35.4 35.9 37.9 39.5

Information................................................................. 27.6 28.3 29.7 32.4 33.5

Financial activities......................................................... 24.0 27.0 29.6 27.6 27.3

Finance and insurance................................................ 20.1 23.4 26.2 24.6 24.5

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 35.7 37.9 39.5 36.5 35.6

Professional and business services.................................... 56.6 55.8 56.7 60.0 60.9

Education and health services.......................................... 26.8 27.9 29.2 29.7 30.1

Educational services................................................... 25.3 26.0 25.7 26.2 26.8

Health care and social assistance................................... 27.1 28.3 29.9 30.3 30.8

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 61.5 62.8 64.2 68.8 73.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 77.0 74.7 74.0 81.8 78.7

Accommodation and food services................................... 58.9 60.8 62.6 66.7 72.1

Other services............................................................. 40.4 40.1 39.4 39.1 42.9

Government.................................................................. 15.6 16.0 16.1 16.1 18.1

Federal..................................................................... 13.0 14.0 15.9 14.0 16.8

State and local............................................................ 16.0 16.3 16.1 16.4 18.3

State and local education............................................. 15.9 15.1 15.4 14.5 16.9

State and local, excluding education................................ 16.2 17.6 16.8 18.6 19.9

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 32.4 32.8 33.3 33.9 35.1

South.......................................................................... 38.6 40.5 41.1 43.4 45.2

Midwest....................................................................... 36.9 37.4 36.4 39.4 40.9

West........................................................................... 36.3 36.1 38.9 40.2 41.5

1 The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 17. Annual quits levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total.............................................................................. 23,581 25,144 27,718 30,597 33,415

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 22,181 23,600 26,145 28,912 31,529

Mining and logging........................................................ 138 197 170 183 172

Construction............................................................... 941 983 1,190 1,309 1,384

Manufacturing............................................................. 1,254 1,293 1,318 1,449 1,642

Durable goods.......................................................... 641 718 744 802 937

Nondurable goods...................................................... 612 574 574 648 706

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 5,230 5,617 6,047 7,018 7,504

Wholesale trade........................................................ 619 690 713 907 920

Retail trade.............................................................. 3,872 4,053 4,458 5,151 5,470

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 737 873 874 962 1,115

Information................................................................. 406 438 427 488 507

Financial activities......................................................... 988 1,097 1,183 1,159 1,206

Finance and insurance................................................ 654 710 795 747 818

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 331 387 387 411 391

Professional and business services.................................... 4,461 4,390 5,279 5,618 6,195

Education and health services.......................................... 3,012 3,307 3,655 3,853 4,391

Educational services................................................... 379 402 396 450 497

Health care and social assistance................................... 2,631 2,906 3,258 3,405 3,897

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 4,781 5,194 5,712 6,560 7,179

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 517 515 575 622 663

Accommodation and food services................................... 4,264 4,679 5,134 5,938 6,514

Other services............................................................. 976 1,079 1,166 1,269 1,348

Government.................................................................. 1,399 1,545 1,575 1,686 1,885

Federal..................................................................... 112 131 136 124 151

State and local............................................................ 1,289 1,417 1,439 1,564 1,738

State and local education............................................. 704 768 745 752 879

State and local, excluding education................................ 586 647 694 812 859

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 3,405 3,675 3,868 4,168 4,708

South.......................................................................... 9,545 10,596 11,533 12,762 13,843

Midwest....................................................................... 5,487 5,653 6,234 6,824 7,425

West........................................................................... 5,145 5,219 6,090 6,844 7,439

1 The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 18. Annual quits rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total.............................................................................. 17.9 18.7 20.3 22.0 23.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 20.2 21.0 22.8 24.7 26.3

Mining and logging........................................................ 17.5 23.2 19.7 20.5 21.0

Construction............................................................... 17.0 17.4 20.3 21.3 21.5

Manufacturing............................................................. 10.7 10.8 11.0 11.9 13.3

Durable goods.......................................................... 8.8 9.6 9.9 10.5 12.1

Nondurable goods...................................................... 13.7 12.9 12.8 14.4 15.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 20.9 22.0 23.4 26.6 27.9

Wholesale trade........................................................ 11.2 12.2 12.4 15.6 15.7

Retail trade.............................................................. 26.4 27.3 29.6 33.5 35.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 15.2 17.6 17.3 18.5 20.6

Information................................................................. 15.2 16.4 15.8 17.9 18.4

Financial activities......................................................... 12.8 14.1 15.0 14.5 14.8

Finance and insurance................................................ 11.3 12.2 13.5 12.6 13.5

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 17.2 19.8 19.4 20.1 18.7

Professional and business services.................................... 25.7 24.5 28.5 29.5 31.5

Education and health services.......................................... 14.8 15.9 17.3 18.0 19.9

Educational services................................................... 11.7 12.0 11.8 13.2 14.3

Health care and social assistance................................... 15.4 16.7 18.4 18.9 21.0

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 35.8 37.7 40.1 44.6 47.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 26.9 26.2 28.3 29.6 30.6

Accommodation and food services................................... 37.3 39.7 42.0 47.2 50.3

Other services............................................................. 18.2 19.9 21.3 22.8 24.0

Government.................................................................. 6.3 7.0 7.2 7.7 8.6

Federal..................................................................... 3.9 4.6 4.9 4.5 5.5

State and local............................................................ 6.7 7.4 7.5 8.2 9.0

State and local education............................................. 6.9 7.6 7.3 7.4 8.6

State and local, excluding education................................ 6.5 7.2 7.8 9.1 9.6

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 13.6 14.6 15.2 16.2 17.9

South.......................................................................... 19.9 21.7 23.3 25.2 26.8

Midwest....................................................................... 18.3 18.6 20.3 21.9 23.4

West........................................................................... 17.8 17.5 19.8 21.7 23.1

1 The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 19. Annual layoffs and discharges levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total.............................................................................. 20,756 20,952 19,903 20,420 20,942

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 19,431 19,758 18,748 19,350 19,624

Mining and logging........................................................ 83 140 139 142 240

Construction............................................................... 2,880 2,791 2,321 1,980 2,065

Manufacturing............................................................. 1,337 1,261 1,185 1,176 1,229

Durable goods.......................................................... 747 774 739 693 764

Nondurable goods...................................................... 588 487 445 480 466

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 3,405 3,554 3,556 3,902 3,824

Wholesale trade........................................................ 592 659 525 620 564

Retail trade.............................................................. 2,140 2,213 2,316 2,467 2,429

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 674 681 716 813 832

Information................................................................. 279 259 302 308 300

Financial activities......................................................... 656 628 720 673 710

Finance and insurance................................................ 354 344 405 403 415

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 305 283 317 271 295

Professional and business services.................................... 4,725 5,026 4,678 5,182 5,078

Education and health services.......................................... 1,876 1,992 1,940 2,006 1,706

Educational services................................................... 369 402 407 385 366

Health care and social assistance................................... 1,506 1,591 1,533 1,621 1,341

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 3,130 3,115 3,042 3,211 3,523

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 928 929 885 1,060 996

Accommodation and food services................................... 2,203 2,186 2,155 2,152 2,529

Other services............................................................. 1,057 989 866 770 944

Government.................................................................. 1,326 1,195 1,154 1,070 1,317

Federal..................................................................... 137 141 148 128 144

State and local............................................................ 1,189 1,057 1,008 941 1,172

State and local education............................................. 631 472 503 452 571

State and local, excluding education................................ 559 585 504 487 602

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 4,011 3,799 3,773 3,728 3,633

South.......................................................................... 7,591 7,691 7,225 7,371 7,666

Midwest....................................................................... 4,667 4,741 4,039 4,465 4,646

West........................................................................... 4,490 4,723 4,865 4,854 4,998

1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 20. Annual layoffs and discharges rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total.............................................................................. 15.7 15.6 14.6 14.7 14.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 17.7 17.6 16.4 16.5 16.4

Mining and logging........................................................ 10.5 16.5 16.1 15.9 29.3

Construction............................................................... 52.1 49.4 39.6 32.2 32.0

Manufacturing............................................................. 11.4 10.6 9.9 9.7 10.0

Durable goods.......................................................... 10.3 10.4 9.8 9.0 9.9

Nondurable goods...................................................... 13.2 10.9 10.0 10.6 10.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 13.6 13.9 13.7 14.8 14.2

Wholesale trade........................................................ 10.7 11.6 9.2 10.7 9.6

Retail trade.............................................................. 14.6 14.9 15.4 16.1 15.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 13.9 13.7 14.2 15.6 15.4

Information................................................................. 10.4 9.7 11.2 11.3 10.9

Financial activities......................................................... 8.5 8.1 9.1 8.4 8.7

Finance and insurance................................................ 6.1 5.9 6.9 6.8 6.9

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 15.8 14.5 15.9 13.2 14.1

Professional and business services.................................... 27.3 28.0 25.3 27.2 25.8

Education and health services.......................................... 9.2 9.6 9.2 9.4 7.7

Educational services................................................... 11.4 12.0 12.1 11.3 10.6

Health care and social assistance................................... 8.8 9.1 8.6 9.0 7.2

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 23.4 22.6 21.3 21.8 23.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 48.4 47.2 43.6 50.4 46.0

Accommodation and food services................................... 19.3 18.5 17.6 17.1 19.5

Other services............................................................. 19.7 18.2 15.8 13.8 16.8

Government.................................................................. 6.0 5.5 5.3 4.9 6.0

Federal..................................................................... 4.8 5.0 5.3 4.7 5.2

State and local............................................................ 6.2 5.5 5.3 4.9 6.1

State and local education............................................. 6.2 4.6 4.9 4.4 5.6

State and local, excluding education................................ 6.2 6.5 5.7 5.4 6.7

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 16.0 15.0 14.8 14.5 13.8

South.......................................................................... 15.8 15.8 14.6 14.6 14.8

Midwest....................................................................... 15.6 15.6 13.2 14.4 14.7

West........................................................................... 15.5 15.8 15.8 15.4 15.5

1 The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 21. Annual other separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total.............................................................................. 3,877 4,044 4,331 4,606 4,587

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 3,149 3,285 3,550 3,835 3,805

Mining and logging........................................................ 20 19 27 37 31

Construction............................................................... 149 109 129 144 169

Manufacturing............................................................. 247 255 271 303 271

Durable goods.......................................................... 158 162 167 175 171

Nondurable goods...................................................... 91 96 106 126 98

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 868 911 976 1,273 1,208

Wholesale trade........................................................ 182 129 131 137 122

Retail trade.............................................................. 483 578 620 938 899

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 205 206 224 197 188

Information................................................................. 52 60 74 89 110

Financial activities......................................................... 207 376 428 370 302

Finance and insurance................................................ 156 306 345 307 246

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 50 70 83 64 57

Professional and business services.................................... 617 592 549 639 697

Education and health services.......................................... 554 502 569 498 546

Educational services................................................... 72 64 59 60 67

Health care and social assistance................................... 484 440 510 439 480

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 302 342 395 347 345

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 30 27 37 36 45

Accommodation and food services................................... 270 315 355 310 301

Other services............................................................. 131 109 128 138 120

Government.................................................................. 727 762 780 771 780

Federal..................................................................... 121 125 154 130 166

State and local............................................................ 603 637 625 642 614

State and local education............................................. 290 298 320 277 288

State and local, excluding education................................ 313 338 305 363 329

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 710 816 833 839 871

South.......................................................................... 1,387 1,443 1,599 1,812 1,847

Midwest....................................................................... 922 944 892 962 900

West........................................................................... 857 841 1,008 992 972

1 The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 22. Annual other separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Total.............................................................................. 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.2

Mining and logging........................................................ 2.5 2.2 3.1 4.2 3.8

Construction............................................................... 2.7 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.6

Manufacturing............................................................. 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.2

Durable goods.......................................................... 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2

Nondurable goods...................................................... 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.8 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.8 4.5

Wholesale trade........................................................ 3.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.1

Retail trade.............................................................. 3.3 3.9 4.1 6.1 5.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 4.2 4.1 4.4 3.8 3.5

Information................................................................. 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.3 4.0

Financial activities......................................................... 2.7 4.8 5.4 4.6 3.7

Finance and insurance................................................ 2.7 5.3 5.9 5.2 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 2.6 3.6 4.2 3.1 2.7

Professional and business services.................................... 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.4 3.5

Education and health services.......................................... 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.5

Educational services................................................... 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9

Health care and social assistance................................... 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.4 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.7 2.1

Accommodation and food services................................... 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.3

Other services............................................................. 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.1

Government.................................................................. 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5

Federal..................................................................... 4.2 4.4 5.6 4.8 6.0

State and local............................................................ 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2

State and local education............................................. 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.7 2.8

State and local, excluding education................................ 3.5 3.8 3.4 4.1 3.7

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 2.8 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3

South.......................................................................... 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.6 3.6

Midwest....................................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.8

West........................................................................... 3.0 2.8 3.3 3.1 3.0

1 The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.