2

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378

http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555

http://www.bls.gov/ces/

Media contact: (202) 691-5902

USDL 08-0130

Transmission of material in this release

is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),

Friday, February 1, 2008.

The establishment survey data in this release have been revised as a result of the annual

benchmarking process, the updating of seasonal adjustment factors, and the updating to

NAICS 2007 from NAICS 2002. See the note beginning on page 5 for more information

on the revisions.

In addition, household survey data for January 2008 reflect updated population controls.

See the note on page 6 for more information.

Establishment and Household Data Changes

Percent Millions

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

February 2005 – January 2008

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

February 2005 – January 2008

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

2006 2007 2008

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

136.0

138.0

140.0

2006 2007 2008

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JANUARY 2008

Both nonfarm payroll employment, at 138.1 million, and the unemployment rate, at 4.9 percent, were

essentially unchanged in January, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported

today. The small January movement in nonfarm payroll employment (-17,000) reflected declines in construction and manufacturing and job growth in health care. Average hourly earnings rose by 4 cents, or

0.2 percent, over the month.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

The number of unemployed persons (7.6 million) and the unemployment rate (4.9 percent) were

essentially unchanged in January. Over the month, the unemployment rates for all major worker groups—

adult men (4.4 percent), adult women (4.2 percent), teenagers (18.0 percent), whites (4.4 percent), blacks

News

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

United States

Department 

of Labor
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Civilian labor force ............................... 153,191 153,667 153,828 153,866 153,824 (1)

Employment ..................................... 146,019 146,291 146,647 146,211 146,248 (1)

Unemployment .................................. 7,172 7,375 7,181 7,655 7,576 (1)

Not in labor force .................................. 79,019 79,270 79,111 79,290 78,792 (1)

All workers ......................................... 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.9 -0.1

Adult men ........................................ 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.4 .0

Adult women .................................. 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.2 -.2

Teenagers ........................................ 15.8 16.4 16.4 17.1 18.0 .9

White ............................................ 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.4 .0

Black or African American 

................... 8.0 8.6 8.4 9.0 9.2 .2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ................. 5.7 5.9 5.7 6.3 6.3 .0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 2

Nonfarm employment ............................ 137,758 p 138,044 138,037 p 138,119 p 138,102 p -17

Goods-producing 3.............................. 22,185 p 22,046 22,049 p 21,988 p 21,937 p -51

Construction .................................... 7,609 p 7,524 7,520 p 7,475 p 7,448 p -27

Manufacturing ............................... 13,850 p 13,788 13,794 p 13,774 p 13,746 p -28

Service-providing 3 ............................. 115,573 p 115,998 115,988 p 116,131 p 116,165 p 34

 Retail trade 4 ................................. 15,493 p 15,494 15,513 p 15,501 p 15,512 p 11

Professional and business services........... 17,979 p 18,099 18,079 p 18,149 p 18,138 p -11

Education and health services ............... 18,411 p 18,530 18,522 p 18,578 p 18,625 p 47

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 13,507 p 13,627 13,628 p 13,650 p 13,669 p 19

Government .................................... 22,203 p 22,282 22,278 p 22,306 p 22,288 p -18

Total private ....................................... 33.8 p 33.8 33.8 p 33.8 p 33.7 p -0.1

Manufacturing .................................. 41.4 p 41.2 41.3 p 41.1 p 41.1 p .0

 Overtime ....................................... 4.2 p 4.1 4.1 p 4.0 p 4.0 p .0

Total private ........................................ 107.5 p 107.7 107.7 p 107.8 p 107.5 p -0.3

Average hourly earnings, total private ......... $17.52 p $17.65 $17.64 p $17.71 p $17.75 p $0.04

Average weekly earnings, total private ....... 592.07 p 596.46 596.23 p 598.60 p 598.18 p -.42

on page 6 for more information.

and conversion to NAICS 2007 from NAICS 2002. See the note on page 5 for more information.

Labor force status

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 5

 1 Changes in household data levels are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls. See the note 

 2 Establishment data have been revised to reflect March 2007 benchmark levels, updated seasonal adjustment factors, 

Earnings 5

 Employment

Unemployment rates 

III 2007 IV 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007

p = preliminary.

Dec.-Jan. 

change

Hours of work 5

3

 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

4

 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data.

5

 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.

Category

Quarterly averages Monthly data

Jan. 2008
3

(9.2 percent), and Hispanics (6.3 percent)—showed little or no change. The unemployment rate for Asians

was 3.2 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

Total employment and the employment-population ratio edged up in January after accounting for the

annual adjustment to the population controls. The civilian labor force also rose when adjustment is made to

account for the effect of population control changes. The labor force participation rate (66.1 percent) was

about the same as in December. (See tables A-1 and D.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

About 1.7 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in Januuary, up from about 1.6 million a year earlier. These individuals wanted and were available for work and

had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they

had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were

467,000 discouraged workers in January, about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers were not

currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 1.3

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in January had not searched for work in the 4 weeks

preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.)

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

In January, total nonfarm payroll employment was about unchanged (-17,000), after edging up in

November (60,000) and December (82,000). In 2007, payroll employment increased by an average of

95,000 jobs per month. Both construction and manufacturing employment continued to decline in January,

and health care employment rose. (See table B-1.)

Construction employment decreased by 27,000 in January and has fallen by 284,000 since its peak

in September 2006. Over-the-month job losses occurred in residential building (-10,000) and residential

specialty trade contractors (-18,000).

Manufacturing lost 28,000 jobs in January. Over the month, small declines occurred among many

durable and nondurable goods industries. Manufacturing has lost 269,000 jobs over the past 12 months.

In the service-providing sector, health care employment continued to grow in January (27,000), about

in line with average monthly gains over the prior 12 months. Within health care, over-the-month job gains

occurred in ambulatory health care services (14,000), which includes offices of physicians, and in hospitals

(10,000).

Food services employment continued to trend upward in January. From November through January,

food services added an average of 16,000 jobs per month, compared with an average gain of 28,000 jobs

for the 12-month period ending in October.

Employment in professional and technical services was little changed in January following a large increase

(49,000) in the prior month. In 2007, job growth in this sector totaled 335,000.

In January, employment in financial activities was about unchanged as commercial banking lost 4,000

jobs, and securities, commodity contracts, and investments added 5,000 jobs. Since reaching a peak in

December 2006, employment in financial activities has declined by 99,000.
4

In January, employment in both wholesale and retail trade was little changed. Within retail trade, employment in food and beverage stores was up by 12,000 over the month.

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

In January, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek was unchanged at

41.1 hours, and factory overtime was unchanged at 4.0 hours. (See table B-2.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls

declined by 0.3 percent in January to 107.5 (2002=100). The manufacturing index was unchanged at 93.7.

(See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose

by 4 cents, or 0.2 percent, in January to $17.75, seasonally adjusted. This followed a gain of 7 cents in

December. Average weekly earnings fell by 0.1 percent in January to $598.18. Over the year, average

hourly earnings rose by 3.7 percent, and weekly earnings rose by 3.4 percent. (See table B-3.)

______________________________

The Employment Situation for February 2008 is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 7,

at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
5

Table B. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, January-December 2007, seasonally

adjusted

(In thousands)

 As

previously

published

 As

previously

published

 As

revised

 As

revised Difference

Levels Over-the-month changes

2007

Year and month

p = preliminary.

January............................................ 137,329 137,108 162 126 -36

February ......................................... 137,419 137,133 90 25 -65

March ............................................. 137,594 137,310 175 177 2

April................................................ 137,716 137,356 122 46 -76

May ................................................ 137,904 137,518 188 162 -26

June ................................................ 137,973 137,625 69 107 38

July ................................................. 138,066 137,682 93 57 -36

August............................................. 138,159 137,756 93 74 -19

September....................................... 138,203 137,837 44 81 37

October .......................................... 138,362 137,977 159 140 -19

November ....................................... 138,477 138,037 115 60 -55

December ....................................... 138,495 138,119 18 82 64 p

Revisions to Establishment Survey Data

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data have been revised to reflect

comprehensive universe counts of payroll jobs, or benchmarks. These counts are derived principally

from unemployment insurance tax records for March 2007. In addition, establishment survey data

were updated to the 2007 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) from the 2002

NAICS basis; this resulted in minor changes to several detailed industry series. Not seasonally

adjusted data series affected by the NAICS 2007 update were subject to revision from January

1990 forward. All other not seasonally adjusted data series were subject to revision from April 2006

forward, the time period since the last benchmark was established. In addition, with this release, the

seasonally adjusted establishment survey data from January 1990 forward were subject to revision due

to the introduction of updated seasonal adjustment factors and NAICS 2007 updates.

Table B presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis for

January through December 2007. The revised data for April 2007 forward incorporate the effect of

applying the rate of change measured by the sample to the new benchmark level, as well as updated

net business birth/death model adjustments and new seasonal adjustment factors. The November and

December 2007 revisions also reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the

November final and December second preliminary estimates. The total nonfarm employment level for

March 2007 was revised downward by 293,000 (284,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The

previously published level for December 2007 was revised downward by 256,000 (376,000 on a

seasonally adjusted basis).

An article that discusses the benchmark and post-benchmark revisions, as well as all revised

historical Current Employment Statistics (CES) data, can be accessed through the CES homepage at

http://www.bls.gov/ces/. Information on the revisions released today also may be obtained by calling

(202) 691-6555.
6

Table C. Effect of the revised population controls on December 2007 estimates by sex, race,

and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted

Total Men Women White

 Black

 or

African

 Ameri-

 can

Asian

Hispanic

 or

Latino

ethnicity

Category

Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey

(Numbers in thousands)

 NOTE: Detail for men and women may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race

groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all

races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Civilian noninstitutional population..... -745 -467 -278 -436 -101 -176 -349

Civilian labor force ....................... -637 -422 -216 -404 -83 -126 -270

Employed ................................. -598 -394 -204 -379 -75 -121 -252

Unemployed ............................. -40 -28 -12 -25 -8 -4 -18

Unemployment rate .............. .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

Effective with data for January 2008, updated population controls have been used in the

household survey. Population controls for the household survey are developed by the U.S.

Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates the controls to reflect new information and assumptions about the growth of the population during the decade. The change in

population reflected in the new controls results primarily from adjustments to the estimates

of net international migration and the institutional population, along with updated vital

statistics information.

As per usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey estimates for

December 2007 and earlier months. To show the impact of the updated population

controls, however, some December 2007 estimates were recalculated using the new

controls. The differences in selected December estimates based on the old and new

controls are shown in table C. The new controls decreased the estimated size of the

civilian noninstitutional population in December by 745,000, the civilian labor force by

637,000, and employment by 598,000; the new population controls had a negligible impact

on unemployment rates and other percentage estimates. Table D shows the effect of the

introduction of new population controls on the over-the-month changes between December

2007 and January 2008. More detailed information on the population adjustments and their

effect on national labor force estimates are available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps08adj.pdf

on the Internet.
7

Category

Table D. Effect of the revised population controls on the December 2007-

January 2008 over-the-month changes in selected labor force measures

(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian noninstitutional population................ -540 -745 205

 Civilian labor force .................................. -42 -637 595

Participation rate............................. .1 -.1 .2

Employed ........................................... 37 -598 635

Employment-population ratio .......... .2 -.1 .3

Unemployed ....................................... -79 -40 -39

Unemployment rate......................... -.1 .0 -.1

Dec.-Jan.

change,

as

published

 Population

 control

 effect

 on Dec.

 estimates (1)

Adjusted

Dec.-Jan.

change

1

 Differences are calculated from unrounded estimates.
8

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of

error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger

sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is statistically significant in the establishment

survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.

However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes

the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Thus,

while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about whether

respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions show that foreign-born workers

accounted for about 15 percent of the labor force in 2006 and about 47 percent of the net increase in the

labor force from 2000 to 2006.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional

information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment

survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate

additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey. For more information on the monthly revisions,

please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates

to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark

helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual

benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes the selfemployed?

While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years.
9

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the total

nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve

that goal.

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new

firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the

survey twice a year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance

benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially

counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses

and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual

worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm

payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of

unemployment insurance tax accounts.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

 in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is

the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector.

Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in

accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry

Classification System.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the

levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations

due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded

production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the monthto-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics

for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both

the household and establishment surveys. However, the ad-
justed series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and

unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or

by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent

seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and

including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new

seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month’s data. In

the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each

month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both

surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000

(100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample

results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a

90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we

could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased.

If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance)

that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the

monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the

monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage

point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these

estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two

successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components

is used to account for business births. The first component uses business

deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated

into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not

reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the

same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is

an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/

death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical

time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from

the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects

the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from

less than 0.05 percent to 0.4 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD

message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Jan.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 230,650 233,156 232,616 230,650 232,461 232,715 232,939 233,156 232,616

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 151,924 153,705 152,828 152,958 153,506 153,306 153,828 153,866 153,824

 Participation rate ..................................................... 65.9 65.9 65.7 66.3 66.0 65.9 66.0 66.0 66.1

 Employed .................................................................... 144,275 146,334 144,607 145,915 146,260 146,016 146,647 146,211 146,248

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 62.6 62.8 62.2 63.3 62.9 62.7 63.0 62.7 62.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 7,649 7,371 8,221 7,043 7,246 7,291 7,181 7,655 7,576

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 5.0 4.8 5.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.9

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 78,726 79,451 79,788 77,692 78,955 79,409 79,111 79,290 78,792

 Persons who currently want a job ............................... 4,633 4,398 4,977 4,562 4,728 4,266 4,655 4,697 4,857

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 111,528 112,852 112,493 111,528 112,486 112,619 112,737 112,852 112,493

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 81,340 82,171 81,656 82,067 82,237 82,210 82,515 82,448 82,355

 Participation rate ..................................................... 72.9 72.8 72.6 73.6 73.1 73.0 73.2 73.1 73.2

 Employed .................................................................... 76,934 77,970 76,860 78,221 78,229 78,177 78,604 78,260 78,157

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 69.0 69.1 68.3 70.1 69.5 69.4 69.7 69.3 69.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 4,406 4,201 4,796 3,846 4,008 4,032 3,910 4,188 4,197

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 5.4 5.1 5.9 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 5.1 5.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 30,188 30,680 30,837 29,461 30,249 30,409 30,223 30,404 30,139

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 102,956 104,197 103,866 102,956 103,847 103,973 104,087 104,197 103,866

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 77,991 78,893 78,463 78,407 78,689 78,664 79,075 79,004 78,864

 Participation rate ..................................................... 75.8 75.7 75.5 76.2 75.8 75.7 76.0 75.8 75.9

 Employed .................................................................... 74,146 75,296 74,387 75,154 75,332 75,274 75,834 75,499 75,427

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 72.0 72.3 71.6 73.0 72.5 72.4 72.9 72.5 72.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,845 3,597 4,075 3,252 3,357 3,389 3,240 3,505 3,437

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.9 4.6 5.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.4

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 24,965 25,305 25,403 24,550 25,158 25,309 25,012 25,193 25,002

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 119,122 120,304 120,123 119,122 119,975 120,096 120,202 120,304 120,123

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 70,584 71,534 71,172 70,891 71,269 71,096 71,313 71,418 71,469

 Participation rate ..................................................... 59.3 59.5 59.2 59.5 59.4 59.2 59.3 59.4 59.5

 Employed .................................................................... 67,341 68,364 67,747 67,694 68,030 67,838 68,043 67,951 68,091

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 56.5 56.8 56.4 56.8 56.7 56.5 56.6 56.5 56.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,243 3,170 3,425 3,197 3,238 3,258 3,271 3,467 3,378

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.6 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.7

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 48,538 48,771 48,951 48,231 48,706 49,000 48,889 48,886 48,654

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 110,803 111,903 111,739 110,803 111,590 111,703 111,805 111,903 111,739

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 67,270 68,116 67,913 67,359 67,795 67,623 67,776 67,866 67,982

 Participation rate ..................................................... 60.7 60.9 60.8 60.8 60.8 60.5 60.6 60.6 60.8

 Employed .................................................................... 64,473 65,359 64,943 64,647 65,033 64,827 64,980 64,912 65,098

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 58.2 58.4 58.1 58.3 58.3 58.0 58.1 58.0 58.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,797 2,757 2,970 2,712 2,762 2,796 2,796 2,954 2,885

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.2

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 43,533 43,787 43,826 43,444 43,795 44,080 44,029 44,037 43,756

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 16,891 17,056 17,012 16,891 17,024 17,040 17,048 17,056 17,012

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,663 6,696 6,452 7,192 7,021 7,020 6,977 6,996 6,978

 Participation rate ..................................................... 39.4 39.3 37.9 42.6 41.2 41.2 40.9 41.0 41.0

 Employed .................................................................... 5,656 5,679 5,277 6,114 5,895 5,914 5,832 5,801 5,724

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 33.5 33.3 31.0 36.2 34.6 34.7 34.2 34.0 33.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,007 1,017 1,175 1,079 1,126 1,105 1,145 1,196 1,254

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 15.1 15.2 18.2 15.0 16.0 15.7 16.4 17.1 18.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,228 10,359 10,560 9,698 10,003 10,020 10,071 10,059 10,034

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Jan.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 187,471 189,093 188,787 187,471 188,644 188,813 188,956 189,093 188,787

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 124,106 125,334 124,577 124,896 125,316 125,151 125,430 125,460 125,340

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.2 66.3 66.0 66.6 66.4 66.3 66.4 66.3 66.4

 Employed .................................................................... 118,392 120,004 118,505 119,742 119,992 119,883 120,194 119,889 119,858

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 63.2 63.5 62.8 63.9 63.6 63.5 63.6 63.4 63.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 5,714 5,331 6,072 5,154 5,324 5,268 5,235 5,571 5,482

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.6 4.3 4.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 63,365 63,759 64,210 62,574 63,329 63,662 63,526 63,633 63,447

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 64,733 65,462 65,098 65,121 65,257 65,255 65,521 65,506 65,470

 Participation rate ....................................................... 76.1 76.2 76.0 76.6 76.2 76.1 76.4 76.3 76.4

 Employed .................................................................... 61,806 62,789 62,020 62,690 62,690 62,762 63,111 62,929 62,924

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 72.7 73.1 72.4 73.7 73.2 73.2 73.6 73.3 73.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,927 2,674 3,078 2,431 2,567 2,493 2,409 2,577 2,546

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.5 4.1 4.7 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.9

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 53,829 54,465 54,211 53,799 54,229 54,102 54,206 54,286 54,192

 Participation rate ....................................................... 60.2 60.4 60.2 60.1 60.3 60.1 60.2 60.2 60.2

 Employed .................................................................... 51,804 52,517 52,081 51,867 52,306 52,136 52,220 52,107 52,143

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 57.9 58.3 57.8 58.0 58.1 57.9 58.0 57.8 57.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,025 1,948 2,130 1,931 1,924 1,966 1,986 2,179 2,049

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 5,543 5,406 5,268 5,977 5,830 5,795 5,703 5,668 5,678

 Participation rate ....................................................... 42.7 41.3 40.4 46.0 44.6 44.3 43.6 43.3 43.5

 Employed .................................................................... 4,782 4,698 4,403 5,185 4,996 4,985 4,863 4,853 4,791

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 36.8 35.9 33.7 39.9 38.2 38.1 37.2 37.1 36.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 761 709 864 791 834 810 840 815 887

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 13.7 13.1 16.4 13.2 14.3 14.0 14.7 14.4 15.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 27,276 27,704 27,640 27,276 27,584 27,627 27,666 27,704 27,640

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 17,408 17,498 17,501 17,657 17,483 17,430 17,453 17,538 17,713

 Participation rate ....................................................... 63.8 63.2 63.3 64.7 63.4 63.1 63.1 63.3 64.1

 Employed .................................................................... 15,973 15,999 15,856 16,242 16,046 15,946 15,980 15,961 16,090

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 58.6 57.7 57.4 59.5 58.2 57.7 57.8 57.6 58.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,435 1,499 1,645 1,415 1,437 1,483 1,473 1,577 1,623

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 8.2 8.6 9.4 8.0 8.2 8.5 8.4 9.0 9.2

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,868 10,206 10,139 9,619 10,101 10,197 10,212 10,165 9,927

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,839 7,858 7,850 7,911 7,882 7,833 7,889 7,883 7,916

 Participation rate ....................................................... 71.5 70.4 70.7 72.1 71.0 70.4 70.8 70.7 71.3

 Employed .................................................................... 7,188 7,196 7,129 7,320 7,290 7,194 7,268 7,218 7,259

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.5 64.5 64.2 66.7 65.7 64.7 65.3 64.7 65.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 652 662 721 591 592 640 621 665 656

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 8.3 8.4 9.2 7.5 7.5 8.2 7.9 8.4 8.3

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,818 8,814 8,882 8,896 8,839 8,823 8,777 8,803 8,921

 Participation rate ....................................................... 64.4 63.5 64.0 65.0 63.9 63.7 63.3 63.4 64.3

 Employed .................................................................... 8,244 8,212 8,220 8,319 8,215 8,195 8,159 8,187 8,266

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 60.2 59.1 59.2 60.7 59.4 59.2 58.8 59.0 59.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 574 602 662 577 625 628 618 617 654

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.5 6.8 7.4 6.5 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 750 826 769 849 762 773 787 851 876

 Participation rate ....................................................... 28.7 31.0 29.0 32.5 28.7 29.1 29.6 32.0 33.0

 Employed .................................................................... 541 590 507 603 541 558 553 556 564

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 20.7 22.2 19.1 23.1 20.4 21.0 20.8 20.9 21.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 210 235 262 246 220 215 234 295 313

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 27.9 28.5 34.0 29.0 28.9 27.9 29.7 34.7 35.7

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Jan.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 10,394 10,801 10,660 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,901 7,225 7,167 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.4 66.9 67.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 6,680 6,958 6,935 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 64.3 64.4 65.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 220 267 231 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.2 3.7 3.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 3,493 3,577 3,493 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in

table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population

controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Jan.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 30,877 31,903 31,643 30,877 31,617 31,714 31,809 31,903 31,643

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 21,253 21,924 21,561 21,428 21,872 21,778 21,872 21,888 21,698

 Participation rate ....................................................... 68.8 68.7 68.1 69.4 69.2 68.7 68.8 68.6 68.6

 Employed .................................................................... 19,888 20,534 20,011 20,206 20,619 20,554 20,623 20,517 20,320

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 64.4 64.4 63.2 65.4 65.2 64.8 64.8 64.3 64.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,365 1,390 1,550 1,222 1,253 1,224 1,249 1,371 1,378

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.4 6.3 7.2 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 6.3 6.3

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,624 9,980 10,083 9,450 9,745 9,936 9,938 10,016 9,946

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 12,214 12,654 12,376 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 84.8 85.0 84.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 11,506 11,921 11,606 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 79.9 80.0 78.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 708 733 770 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.8 5.8 6.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,933 8,206 8,107 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 58.4 58.6 58.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 7,489 7,707 7,531 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 55.1 55.0 54.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 444 498 575 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.6 6.1 7.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 1,106 1,064 1,078 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 38.3 35.5 36.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 892 906 874 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 30.9 30.2 29.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 214 158 205 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 19.3 14.9 19.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of

any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 12,841 12,283 12,340 12,838 12,181 12,133 12,228 12,291 12,305

 Participation rate ......................................................... 46.9 46.4 46.2 46.9 46.3 47.3 46.8 46.5 46.0

 Employed ...................................................................... 11,807 11,280 11,228 11,959 11,271 11,238 11,296 11,358 11,362

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 43.1 42.6 42.0 43.7 42.8 43.8 43.3 42.9 42.5

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,034 1,003 1,112 880 910 895 932 933 943

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 8.1 8.2 9.0 6.9 7.5 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.7

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 38,766 38,850 38,390 38,666 38,810 38,625 38,710 38,841 38,364

 Participation rate ......................................................... 62.8 62.9 62.9 62.7 62.9 62.8 62.6 62.9 62.9

 Employed ...................................................................... 36,866 37,036 36,324 37,033 37,036 36,838 36,980 37,034 36,587

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 59.7 60.0 59.5 60.0 60.1 59.9 59.8 60.0 59.9

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,900 1,814 2,066 1,633 1,774 1,787 1,730 1,807 1,778

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 4.9 4.7 5.4 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.6

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 34,891 36,269 36,108 35,320 36,045 36,218 36,353 36,279 36,492

 Participation rate ......................................................... 71.8 72.0 71.7 72.7 72.0 71.2 71.9 72.0 72.5

 Employed ...................................................................... 33,481 34,932 34,679 34,016 34,801 34,939 35,156 34,924 35,187

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 68.9 69.3 68.9 70.0 69.5 68.7 69.6 69.3 69.9

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,409 1,337 1,428 1,305 1,243 1,279 1,197 1,355 1,305

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.6

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 43,656 44,620 44,633 43,611 44,117 44,200 44,263 44,448 44,604

 Participation rate ......................................................... 78.4 78.2 78.1 78.3 77.5 77.2 77.7 77.9 78.0

 Employed ...................................................................... 42,713 43,725 43,651 42,701 43,253 43,261 43,296 43,476 43,651

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 76.7 76.6 76.4 76.6 76.0 75.6 76.0 76.2 76.4

 Unemployed ................................................................. 943 895 982 910 863 939 968 972 953

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral

degrees. 

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

 January data. See box note in the BLS news release USDL 07-0486, "The

Employment Situation: March 2007," issued on April 6, 2007, for a discussion of

technical issues regarding educational attainment data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ................................... 2,026 2,078 2,032 2,225 2,065 2,089 2,148 2,248 2,213

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 1,189 1,235 1,128 1,322 1,178 1,195 1,237 1,368 1,259

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 828 825 886 884 861 878 895 874 936

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 9 17 18 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ............................................... 142,249 144,256 142,575 143,691 144,259 143,933 144,503 143,933 144,052

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 132,730 135,125 133,509 133,973 134,573 134,533 135,109 134,605 134,755

 Government ................................................................ 20,964 20,836 20,905 20,965 21,084 20,907 20,943 20,780 20,907

 Private industries ........................................................ 111,766 114,289 112,604 112,988 113,502 113,641 114,179 113,872 113,846

 Private households ................................................... 749 803 787 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries ........................................................ 111,017 113,486 111,817 112,233 112,694 112,850 113,377 113,035 113,042

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 9,407 9,049 8,990 9,526 9,534 9,274 9,276 9,242 9,161

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 111 81 76 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,726 4,750 5,340 4,237 4,499 4,401 4,513 4,665 4,769

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 3,245 3,308 3,857 2,757 2,991 2,788 3,008 3,174 3,247

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,137 1,172 1,088 1,190 1,166 1,215 1,223 1,236 1,163

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 20,009 20,361 19,804 19,812 19,812 19,337 19,539 19,526 19,613

Nonagricultural industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,620 4,639 5,235 4,142 4,397 4,302 4,453 4,577 4,677

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 3,177 3,250 3,789 2,686 2,922 2,745 2,981 3,120 3,174

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,126 1,153 1,084 1,171 1,153 1,207 1,205 1,219 1,149

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 19,676 20,074 19,490 19,477 19,451 19,157 19,224 19,225 19,296

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or

industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for

reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 144,275 146,334 144,607 145,915 146,260 146,016 146,647 146,211 146,248

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 5,656 5,679 5,277 6,114 5,895 5,914 5,832 5,801 5,724

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 2,174 2,132 1,908 2,400 2,263 2,324 2,192 2,183 2,121

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 3,482 3,547 3,369 3,724 3,641 3,600 3,625 3,626 3,603

 20 years and over ......................................................... 138,619 140,655 139,330 139,802 140,365 140,101 140,814 140,410 140,524

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 13,752 13,682 13,448 14,109 13,975 13,821 13,965 13,702 13,794

 25 years and over ....................................................... 124,868 126,973 125,882 125,638 126,481 126,293 126,779 126,675 126,640

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 100,034 100,653 99,592 100,582 100,475 100,332 100,605 100,496 100,174

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 31,132 31,672 31,221 31,421 31,598 31,612 31,638 31,633 31,530

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 34,486 34,163 33,748 34,666 34,219 34,116 34,173 34,086 33,931

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 34,416 34,818 34,623 34,494 34,659 34,605 34,794 34,777 34,713

 55 years and over ..................................................... 24,833 26,320 26,291 25,057 26,006 25,960 26,174 26,179 26,466

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 76,934 77,970 76,860 78,221 78,229 78,177 78,604 78,260 78,157

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,788 2,674 2,473 3,067 2,897 2,903 2,770 2,761 2,731

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,041 932 819 1,196 1,065 1,118 959 986 950

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,746 1,742 1,654 1,880 1,833 1,788 1,791 1,766 1,780

 20 years and over ......................................................... 74,146 75,296 74,387 75,154 75,332 75,274 75,834 75,499 75,427

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 7,186 7,180 7,049 7,455 7,294 7,306 7,466 7,244 7,312

 25 years and over ....................................................... 66,960 68,116 67,338 67,663 68,029 67,985 68,328 68,264 68,060

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 53,841 54,240 53,459 54,387 54,237 54,258 54,422 54,383 54,041

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 17,103 17,430 17,086 17,344 17,455 17,442 17,466 17,451 17,348

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 18,689 18,433 18,162 18,856 18,567 18,536 18,559 18,507 18,335

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 18,049 18,377 18,211 18,188 18,215 18,280 18,397 18,425 18,357

 55 years and over ..................................................... 13,119 13,876 13,879 13,276 13,792 13,727 13,906 13,882 14,020

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 67,341 68,364 67,747 67,694 68,030 67,838 68,043 67,951 68,091

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,868 3,005 2,804 3,047 2,998 3,011 3,063 3,040 2,993

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,132 1,200 1,089 1,204 1,198 1,206 1,233 1,197 1,171

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,736 1,805 1,714 1,845 1,807 1,813 1,834 1,860 1,823

 20 years and over ......................................................... 64,473 65,359 64,943 64,647 65,033 64,827 64,980 64,912 65,098

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 6,566 6,502 6,398 6,655 6,680 6,515 6,500 6,458 6,482

 25 years and over ....................................................... 57,907 58,857 58,544 57,975 58,452 58,307 58,451 58,411 58,580

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 46,193 46,413 46,132 46,194 46,238 46,074 46,183 46,113 46,133

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 14,030 14,242 14,135 14,077 14,143 14,169 14,172 14,182 14,182

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 15,796 15,729 15,586 15,810 15,652 15,581 15,615 15,579 15,596

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 16,367 16,441 16,412 16,307 16,444 16,324 16,396 16,352 16,355

 55 years and over ..................................................... 11,714 12,444 12,412 11,781 12,214 12,233 12,268 12,297 12,447

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 45,947 46,281 45,831 46,150 46,235 46,189 46,339 46,213 46,063

Married women, spouse present .................................... 35,808 35,898 35,662 35,664 35,712 35,449 35,689 35,565 35,536

Women who maintain families ........................................ 9,229 9,049 9,032 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 2 ......................................................... 119,094 121,042 119,332 120,927 121,387 121,561 122,020 121,428 121,202

Part-time workers 3 ......................................................... 25,181 25,291 25,275 25,048 24,966 24,472 24,631 24,740 25,043

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders ................................................. 7,527 7,577 7,398 7,702 7,510 7,579 7,640 7,416 7,557

 Percent of total employed ........................................... 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more

per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35

hours per week.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Jan.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 7,043 7,655 7,576 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.9

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 1,079 1,196 1,254 15.0 16.0 15.7 16.4 17.1 18.0

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 478 531 543 16.6 18.6 17.5 19.0 19.6 20.4

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 593 660 682 13.7 14.3 14.3 14.4 15.4 15.9

 20 years and over ......................................................... 5,964 6,459 6,322 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.3

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 1,228 1,414 1,321 8.0 8.8 8.6 8.0 9.4 8.7

 25 years and over ....................................................... 4,699 5,079 4,995 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.8

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 3,840 4,259 4,105 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.9

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 1,559 1,642 1,640 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.9

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 1,207 1,336 1,252 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.6

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 1,074 1,282 1,213 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.4

 55 years and over ..................................................... 851 856 872 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 3,846 4,188 4,197 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 5.1 5.1

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 594 683 760 16.2 18.3 18.1 19.5 19.8 21.8

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 240 280 299 16.7 21.9 19.0 21.4 22.1 24.0

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 343 399 431 15.4 16.2 16.8 17.8 18.4 19.5

 20 years and over ......................................................... 3,252 3,505 3,437 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.4

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 689 791 756 8.5 9.5 9.3 8.6 9.8 9.4

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,551 2,725 2,701 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 2,082 2,272 2,236 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.0

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 878 942 926 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.1

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 656 690 675 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.6

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 548 641 634 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.3

 55 years and over ..................................................... 469 453 465 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 3,197 3,467 3,378 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.7

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 485 513 494 13.7 13.7 13.3 13.4 14.4 14.2

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 238 251 244 16.5 15.6 16.1 17.1 17.3 17.2

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 250 261 250 11.9 12.3 11.6 10.7 12.3 12.1

 20 years and over ......................................................... 2,712 2,954 2,885 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.2

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 538 622 565 7.5 7.9 7.7 7.4 8.8 8.0

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,147 2,354 2,293 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,758 1,987 1,869 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.9

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 681 700 714 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 550 646 577 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.6

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 526 640 579 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.4

 55 years and over 2 .................................................. 402 366 432 3.3 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 1,186 1,276 1,276 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7

Married women, spouse present .................................... 1,003 1,123 1,124 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1

Women who maintain families 2 ..................................... 652 669 681 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 3 ......................................................... 5,730 6,214 6,100 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.8

Part-time workers 4 ......................................................... 1,287 1,458 1,423 4.9 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.6 5.4

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not 

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the 

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................... 4,127 4,013 4,608 3,399 3,622 3,731 3,609 3,857 3,796

On temporary layoff .................................................... 1,556 1,061 1,614 1,017 963 1,064 979 975 1,040

Not on temporary layoff .............................................. 2,571 2,952 2,994 2,382 2,660 2,668 2,630 2,882 2,756

Permanent job losers .............................................. 1,699 2,066 2,110 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Persons who completed temporary jobs ................ 872 887 884 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ..................................................................... 793 724 838 791 839 790 783 798 830

Reentrants ...................................................................... 2,192 2,078 2,195 2,195 2,154 2,103 2,160 2,343 2,201

New entrants .................................................................. 537 556 580 615 685 709 669 697 667

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 54.0 54.4 56.1 48.6 49.6 50.9 50.0 50.1 50.7

On temporary layoff .................................................. 20.3 14.4 19.6 14.5 13.2 14.5 13.6 12.7 13.9

Not on temporary layoff ............................................ 33.6 40.1 36.4 34.0 36.4 36.4 36.4 37.5 36.8

Job leavers ................................................................... 10.4 9.8 10.2 11.3 11.5 10.8 10.8 10.4 11.1

Reentrants .................................................................... 28.7 28.2 26.7 31.4 29.5 28.7 29.9 30.4 29.4

New entrants ................................................................ 7.0 7.5 7.1 8.8 9.4 9.7 9.3 9.1 8.9

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 2.7 2.6 3.0 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5

Job leavers ................................................................... .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5

Reentrants .................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

New entrants ................................................................ .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .............................................................................. 2,912 2,666 2,957 2,596 2,537 2,508 2,633 2,793 2,634

5 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 2,529 2,302 2,681 2,298 2,330 2,454 2,157 2,330 2,396

15 weeks and over ............................................................................. 2,208 2,403 2,583 2,133 2,392 2,367 2,398 2,520 2,503

 15 to 26 weeks ................................................................................ 1,044 1,128 1,172 995 1,112 1,052 1,014 1,182 1,124

 27 weeks and over .......................................................................... 1,164 1,275 1,411 1,138 1,280 1,315 1,384 1,338 1,380

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .................................................... 15.5 16.4 16.6 16.5 16.6 17.0 17.2 16.6 17.5

Median duration, in weeks .................................................................. 7.9 8.3 8.5 8.2 8.9 8.7 8.7 8.4 8.8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ............................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks ............................................................................ 38.1 36.2 36.0 36.9 34.9 34.2 36.6 36.5 35.0

 5 to 14 weeks ................................................................................... 33.1 31.2 32.6 32.7 32.1 33.5 30.0 30.5 31.8

 15 weeks and over ........................................................................... 28.9 32.6 31.4 30.4 33.0 32.3 33.4 33.0 33.2

 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................................... 13.6 15.3 14.3 14.2 15.3 14.4 14.1 15.5 14.9

 27 weeks and over ......................................................................... 15.2 17.3 17.2 16.2 17.6 17.9 19.3 17.5 18.3

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Jan.

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... 144,275 144,607 7,649 8,221 5.0 5.4

Management, professional, and related occupations ............. 51,761 52,165 1,071 1,164 2.0 2.2

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .................................................................................... 21,813 21,749 426 509 1.9 2.3

 Professional and related occupations ...................................... 29,948 30,416 644 655 2.1 2.1

Service occupations ....................................................................... 23,051 23,366 1,588 1,767 6.4 7.0

Sales and office occupations ....................................................... 36,436 36,187 1,793 1,807 4.7 4.8

 Sales and related occupations .................................................. 17,103 16,594 872 909 4.9 5.2

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 19,333 19,592 920 898 4.5 4.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .................................................................................... 15,300 14,955 1,329 1,453 8.0 8.9

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. 894 905 140 111 13.5 11.0

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................ 9,304 8,939 961 1,154 9.4 11.4

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 5,101 5,112 229 188 4.3 3.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations .................................................................................... 17,727 17,934 1,301 1,420 6.8 7.3

 Production occupations .............................................................. 9,041 9,155 586 633 6.1 6.5

 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 8,686 8,779 715 787 7.6 8.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Jan.

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... 7,649 8,221 5.0 5.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................... 6,132 6,720 5.2 5.6

 Mining ............................................................................................. 35 28 4.7 4.0

 Construction .................................................................................. 922 1,099 8.9 11.0

 Manufacturing ............................................................................... 752 837 4.6 5.1

 Durable goods ............................................................................ 520 454 5.1 4.4

 Nondurable goods ..................................................................... 232 383 3.9 6.4

 Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................... 1,166 1,120 5.5 5.4

 Transportation and utilities ......................................................... 248 271 4.2 4.4

 Information ..................................................................................... 143 169 4.0 5.1

 Financial activities ........................................................................ 233 285 2.4 3.0

 Professional and business services ......................................... 885 893 6.5 6.4

 Education and health services .................................................. 563 576 2.9 2.9

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................ 911 1,176 7.8 9.4

 Other services ............................................................................... 275 264 4.7 4.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ...... 128 113 10.0 9.5

Government workers ..................................................................... 476 471 2.2 2.2

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................. 376 338 3.5 3.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the

civilian labor force ..................................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a

percent of the civilian labor force .............................................. 2.7 2.6 3.0 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ................................................. 5.0 4.8 5.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the

civilian labor force plus discouraged workers ........................... 5.3 5.0 5.7 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.2 5.2

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other

marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all marginally attached workers ................................ 6.0 5.6 6.4 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.8 6.0

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent

of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached

workers ..................................................................................... 9.1 8.7 9.9 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.8 9.0

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither

working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job

and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a

subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not

looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are

those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a

part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of

alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Jan.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Jan.

2008

Jan.

2007

Jan.

2008

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 78,726 79,788 30,188 30,837 48,538 48,951

 Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... 4,633 4,977 2,172 2,212 2,460 2,765

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ........................... 1,577 1,729 910 841 668 888

Reason not currently looking:

Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. 442 467 277 277 164 190

Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. 1,136 1,262 632 564 503 698

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. 7,527 7,398 3,743 3,652 3,784 3,746

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.6 5.5

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 4,106 4,126 2,328 2,221 1,779 1,905

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,752 1,631 516 496 1,235 1,135

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 273 229 184 163 88 67

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,342 1,369 689 748 653 621

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as

well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Jan. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

 Jan. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

Change

from:

Dec. 2007-

Jan. 2008p

Total nonfarm ............................. 134,952 139,150 138,973 135,929 137,108 137,837 137,977 138,037 138,119 138,102 -17

Total private ........................................ 112,978 116,383 116,264 113,778 115,005 115,610 115,715 115,759 115,813 115,814 1

Goods-producing ............................................ 21,883 22,157 21,878 21,378 22,447 22,138 22,101 22,049 21,988 21,937 -51

Natural resources and mining .................................. 690 736 735 727 706 727 727 735 739 743 4

Logging ........................................................... 60.6 61.7 61.2 59.4 62.2 59.7 59.1 59.9 60.5 60.5 .0

Mining .................................................................... 629.1 674.7 674.1 667.7 644.2 667.4 667.8 675.0 678.6 682.9 4.3

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 139.9 151.5 152.4 153.4 141.2 147.3 148.9 152.3 153.1 154.3 1.2

Mining, except oil and gas1................................. 209.9 227.4 222.3 214.4 220.5 226.7 226.9 226.0 225.8 225.8 .0

Coal mining ...................................................... 77.6 78.3 78.6 78.6 77.7 78.0 78.1 78.7 78.4 78.6 .2

Support activities for mining .............................. 279.3 295.8 299.4 299.9 282.5 293.4 292.0 296.7 299.7 302.8 3.1

Construction ............................................................. 7,295 7,615 7,361 7,018 7,726 7,589 7,577 7,520 7,475 7,448 -27

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,739.9 1,728.6 1,690.6 1,631.5 1,798.6 1,749.4 1,736.6 1,716.4 1,703.0 1,691.8 -11.2

Residential building ......................................... 948.7 919.7 898.3 858.8 982.3 940.6 929.2 913.3 902.3 892.1 -10.2

Nonresidential building .................................... 791.2 808.9 792.3 772.7 816.3 808.8 807.4 803.1 800.7 799.7 -1.0

Heavy and civil engineering construction ........ 902.8 1,027.2 961.7 880.9 1,007.8 998.8 999.5 999.0 994.1 986.6 -7.5

Specialty trade contractors ............................... 4,652.7 4,859.0 4,709.0 4,505.1 4,919.6 4,840.3 4,841.3 4,804.8 4,777.8 4,769.7 -8.1

Residential specialty trade contractors ........... 2,214.3 2,245.1 2,165.1 2,060.1 2,341.1 2,280.6 2,263.2 2,226.7 2,205.4 2,187.5 -17.9

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors ..... 2,438.4 2,613.9 2,543.9 2,445.0 2,578.5 2,559.7 2,578.1 2,578.1 2,572.4 2,582.2 9.8

Manufacturing ........................................................... 13,898 13,806 13,782 13,633 14,015 13,822 13,797 13,794 13,774 13,746 -28

Production workers ....................................... 9,941 9,957 9,945 9,840 10,041 9,958 9,934 9,944 9,937 9,935 -2

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,834 8,763 8,755 8,672 8,897 8,778 8,761 8,763 8,744 8,732 -12

Production workers ....................................... 6,236 6,243 6,239 6,189 6,291 6,245 6,232 6,242 6,230 6,240 10

Wood products ................................................... 525.5 506.1 505.6 498.2 535.2 513.1 511.8 509.0 508.8 507.7 -1.1

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 491.8 503.0 491.3 479.4 508.3 501.0 500.9 499.5 496.9 495.9 -1.0

Primary metals .................................................... 459.1 451.6 451.9 450.7 459.7 451.6 451.5 452.6 452.3 450.9 -1.4

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,556.4 1,565.5 1,566.2 1,554.7 1,563.4 1,565.0 1,568.0 1,565.6 1,563.7 1,561.5 -2.2

Machinery ........................................................... 1,184.1 1,186.8 1,190.1 1,191.6 1,186.9 1,186.2 1,189.0 1,189.9 1,190.7 1,194.4 3.7

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,291.8 1,257.1 1,260.5 1,254.8 1,295.4 1,260.5 1,256.5 1,260.5 1,257.9 1,256.7 -1.2

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 188.7 184.9 186.0 184.5 188.4 185.9 185.1 185.5 185.0 184.0 -1.0

Communications equipment ........................... 130.5 129.0 129.5 130.6 130.8 128.5 128.1 129.5 129.1 130.9 1.8

Semiconductors and electronic components . 455.4 434.9 435.4 432.6 457.8 437.4 435.8 437.0 435.4 434.0 -1.4

Electronic instruments ..................................... 445.8 441.7 444.4 443.0 447.1 442.0 441.9 443.0 444.0 443.8 -.2

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 429.0 425.2 424.0 419.7 429.5 426.0 427.2 426.6 423.2 420.6 -2.6

1 Transportation equipment .................................. 1,718.5 1,698.5 1,697.0 1,671.8 1,730.9 1,706.1 1,689.3 1,693.5 1,684.9 1,684.1 -.8

Motor vehicles and parts2................................. 1,008.3 976.3 974.7 950.4 1,021.7 989.6 974.1 972.7 965.3 964.3 -1.0

Furniture and related products .......................... 536.6 526.6 524.2 515.6 542.2 530.6 528.3 527.0 524.4 520.9 -3.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 641.0 642.2 644.6 635.3 645.2 637.6 638.2 638.8 641.5 639.3 -2.2

Nondurable goods ................................................. 5,064 5,043 5,027 4,961 5,118 5,044 5,036 5,031 5,030 5,014 -16

Production workers ....................................... 3,705 3,714 3,706 3,651 3,750 3,713 3,702 3,702 3,707 3,695 -12

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,457.5 1,490.4 1,487.9 1,454.8 1,480.7 1,476.0 1,478.6 1,477.9 1,485.4 1,478.2 -7.2

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 191.8 194.3 189.1 186.0 195.8 195.7 195.2 194.3 191.9 190.5 -1.4

Textile mills ......................................................... 178.3 164.8 162.4 160.5 180.3 164.8 164.9 164.9 162.9 162.0 -.9

Textile product mills ........................................... 161.6 156.7 155.5 153.8 162.0 156.3 155.9 157.2 155.7 154.5 -1.2

Apparel ................................................................ 216.4 207.0 203.9 196.6 222.5 209.2 206.8 206.4 204.7 202.2 -2.5

Leather and allied products ............................... 34.1 34.4 33.9 34.3 34.6 34.0 33.7 34.1 33.8 34.5 .7

Paper and paper products ................................. 465.6 458.3 460.2 459.7 465.6 459.0 459.2 458.6 460.2 459.5 -.7

Printing and related support activities ............... 625.2 624.1 621.7 616.7 630.3 623.0 622.2 622.0 619.8 621.3 1.5

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 110.4 111.6 108.6 107.5 114.5 112.9 112.6 112.1 111.2 111.7 .5

Chemicals ........................................................... 860.8 858.2 861.0 855.6 864.3 864.3 860.7 860.5 860.9 859.2 -1.7

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 762.1 743.0 742.7 735.5 767.2 748.4 745.9 743.0 743.6 740.5 -3.1

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Jan. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

 Jan. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

Change

from:

Dec. 2007-

Jan. 2008p

Service-providing .............................................. 113,069 116,993 117,095 114,551 114,661 115,699 115,876 115,988 116,131 116,165 34

Private service-providing ............................... 91,095 94,226 94,386 92,400 92,558 93,472 93,614 93,710 93,825 93,877 52

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 26,299 27,163 27,322 26,478 26,493 26,649 26,644 26,693 26,668 26,669 1

Wholesale trade .................................................... 5,918.5 6,082.1 6,087.4 6,018.5 5,967.7 6,055.6 6,069.8 6,075.0 6,074.6 6,069.6 -5.0

Durable goods .................................................... 3,080.9 3,150.3 3,153.4 3,128.5 3,098.0 3,143.4 3,147.4 3,152.4 3,149.2 3,146.4 -2.8

Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,026.4 2,097.0 2,093.2 2,057.2 2,053.7 2,078.5 2,086.5 2,086.6 2,088.2 2,085.5 -2.7

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 811.2 834.8 840.8 832.8 816.0 833.7 835.9 836.0 837.2 837.7 .5

Retail trade ............................................................ 15,337.1 15,926.9 16,087.2 15,408.5 15,447.4 15,487.3 15,469.1 15,513.1 15,501.1 15,512.3 11.2

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1........................ 1,885.4 1,909.2 1,897.8 1,882.8 1,912.1 1,916.0 1,911.9 1,911.0 1,908.3 1,910.5 2.2

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,232.0 1,246.0 1,239.1 1,230.2 1,244.2 1,246.6 1,247.4 1,244.9 1,243.7 1,242.9 -.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 587.3 603.0 611.5 589.8 583.8 576.2 577.3 584.9 584.9 585.4 .5

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 547.2 562.2 564.1 547.4 543.9 540.1 537.1 542.6 542.6 544.1 1.5

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,257.8 1,254.9 1,238.6 1,209.3 1,324.2 1,291.9 1,285.4 1,279.9 1,274.2 1,272.4 -1.8

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,809.2 2,903.1 2,908.3 2,872.5 2,825.6 2,856.0 2,859.6 2,871.9 2,873.8 2,885.8 12.0

Health and personal care stores ....................... 978.4 1,005.8 1,017.4 1,004.7 979.3 990.1 991.0 998.6 1,001.9 1,004.1 2.2

Gasoline stations ................................................ 852.0 858.5 850.2 845.2 861.7 864.2 862.0 859.1 852.5 855.4 2.9

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,484.3 1,630.0 1,678.6 1,503.5 1,480.0 1,502.4 1,500.9 1,524.5 1,513.7 1,504.5 -9.2

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores ................................................................ 668.1 704.0 722.4 689.0 653.3 665.1 664.0 664.0 663.7 670.0 6.3

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 2,973.3 3,137.5 3,217.8 2,967.9 2,976.5 2,976.5 2,975.8 2,968.2 2,975.3 2,972.7 -2.6

Department stores .......................................... 1,595.0 1,692.1 1,749.7 1,573.9 1,583.2 1,570.5 1,568.5 1,560.6 1,565.7 1,562.2 -3.5

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................. 855.0 881.4 893.7 858.5 870.0 873.3 869.0 868.3 865.8 872.6 6.8

Nonstore retailers ............................................... 439.1 477.3 486.8 437.9 437.0 435.5 435.1 440.1 444.4 434.8 -9.6

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,496.2 4,599.9 4,590.8 4,497.8 4,529.5 4,551.2 4,548.7 4,549.0 4,535.2 4,532.4 -2.8

Air transportation ................................................ 487.4 499.4 500.7 498.4 490.8 494.5 495.2 503.0 500.7 501.5 .8

Rail transportation .............................................. 231.3 234.6 233.6 231.0 233.7 234.6 234.0 233.8 233.6 233.4 -.2

Water transportation ........................................... 61.6 63.3 63.4 61.9 63.6 65.0 64.9 65.0 64.5 64.2 -.3

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,428.2 1,438.2 1,424.3 1,396.9 1,454.1 1,440.6 1,433.6 1,428.7 1,422.9 1,422.2 -.7

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 416.6 428.4 428.3 421.5 404.3 417.8 417.4 411.5 411.8 410.4 -1.4

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 39.8 40.5 40.9 40.6 39.6 40.1 40.3 40.6 40.8 40.5 -.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 22.6 28.4 27.0 24.0 28.7 29.8 30.3 30.9 30.9 30.9 .0

Support activities for transportation ................... 572.2 590.3 588.8 583.4 575.6 586.5 589.9 589.2 587.1 587.4 .3

Couriers and messengers .................................. 583.0 602.3 614.1 585.3 584.8 580.3 577.9 584.4 583.4 584.7 1.3

Warehousing and storage .................................. 653.5 674.5 669.7 654.8 654.3 662.0 665.2 661.9 659.5 657.2 -2.3

Utilities ................................................................... 546.7 554.3 556.4 552.8 548.8 554.8 556.1 555.5 557.1 555.1 -2.0

Information ................................................................ 3,008 3,027 3,026 2,991 3,028 3,031 3,027 3,022 3,014 3,013 -1

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 899.6 894.4 893.5 885.3 903.2 893.7 894.6 892.2 890.0 888.8 -1.2

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 364.7 377.2 373.5 354.0 374.4 384.3 380.5 376.3 368.7 366.0 -2.7

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 326.0 326.1 324.2 325.6 327.1 327.0 324.8 325.0 322.1 326.3 4.2

Telecommunications .......................................... 1,036.1 1,026.6 1,031.4 1,025.0 1,038.6 1,024.4 1,023.6 1,026.4 1,029.4 1,026.9 -2.5

Data processing, hosting and related services . 261.6 273.6 273.5 270.0 264.2 273.1 273.2 272.6 273.1 273.2 .1

Other information services ................................. 119.9 128.7 130.1 131.1 120.4 128.8 130.0 129.5 130.7 131.9 1.2

Financial activities .................................................... 8,291 8,247 8,254 8,196 8,349 8,294 8,283 8,260 8,259 8,257 -2

Finance and insurance .......................................... 6,154.3 6,111.6 6,112.5 6,091.1 6,173.7 6,136.0 6,124.5 6,115.5 6,113.3 6,112.0 -1.3

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 21.0 20.7 20.6 20.4 21.2 20.9 20.8 20.7 20.7 20.5 -.2

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,921.1 2,829.8 2,827.7 2,816.3 2,929.6 2,856.7 2,844.8 2,834.3 2,829.9 2,825.6 -4.3

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,819.9 1,819.8 1,824.3 1,818.2 1,821.0 1,831.0 1,829.3 1,823.4 1,824.3 1,820.9 -3.4

Commercial banking .................................... 1,345.5 1,342.1 1,344.7 1,339.7 1,345.8 1,350.1 1,350.1 1,344.7 1,344.6 1,340.9 -3.7

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 834.2 859.4 855.6 858.9 837.0 853.2 855.0 856.9 857.2 862.1 4.9

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,290.5 2,314.0 2,319.9 2,307.2 2,297.9 2,317.0 2,315.3 2,315.6 2,317.2 2,315.1 -2.1

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 87.5 87.7 88.7 88.3 88.0 88.2 88.6 88.0 88.3 88.7 .4

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,136.3 2,135.0 2,141.1 2,104.5 2,174.8 2,157.7 2,158.6 2,144.7 2,145.9 2,145.0 -.9

Real estate .......................................................... 1,473.4 1,473.1 1,482.0 1,448.2 1,498.8 1,489.8 1,489.1 1,477.1 1,481.3 1,476.2 -5.1

Rental and leasing services ............................... 634.6 631.6 628.3 625.5 647.1 637.8 639.7 637.4 634.0 637.5 3.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 28.3 30.3 30.8 30.8 28.9 30.1 29.8 30.2 30.6 31.3 .7

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Jan. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

 Jan. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

Change

from:

Dec. 2007-

Jan. 2008p

Professional and business services ........................ 17,445 18,179 18,176 17,740 17,848 18,000 18,070 18,079 18,149 18,138 -11

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 7,543.4 7,749.5 7,857.3 7,870.4 7,522.2 7,729.7 7,759.3 7,784.8 7,833.9 7,845.0 11.1

Legal services .................................................. 1,166.4 1,175.4 1,176.2 1,161.1 1,175.6 1,178.6 1,179.7 1,175.2 1,173.7 1,172.0 -1.7

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 1,016.4 922.5 1,004.9 1,100.1 920.6 964.5 971.3 979.4 998.3 999.9 1.6

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,394.5 1,457.3 1,455.8 1,441.3 1,416.8 1,443.2 1,451.1 1,453.9 1,460.4 1,463.5 3.1

Computer systems design and related

services .......................................................... 1,315.6 1,389.8 1,401.4 1,387.5 1,322.5 1,375.5 1,380.0 1,387.5 1,394.5 1,394.1 -.4

Management and technical consulting

services .......................................................... 905.3 991.6 1,005.8 989.7 916.6 967.2 974.8 985.1 997.4 1,001.1 3.7

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,825.7 1,852.5 1,862.0 1,834.3 1,833.5 1,854.7 1,860.9 1,850.0 1,848.1 1,845.5 -2.6

Administrative and waste services ....................... 8,075.7 8,576.7 8,457.1 8,035.0 8,492.7 8,415.3 8,449.6 8,444.1 8,466.9 8,447.4 -19.5

1 Administrative and support services ................. 7,729.2 8,214.7 8,097.9 7,678.4 8,139.2 8,057.4 8,092.2 8,081.4 8,105.6 8,084.1 -21.5

1 Employment services ...................................... 3,469.8 3,683.2 3,632.7 3,361.6 3,686.1 3,533.0 3,567.7 3,563.9 3,569.3 3,565.6 -3.7

Temporary help services ............................. 2,488.9 2,681.3 2,635.6 2,404.3 2,654.7 2,565.1 2,592.0 2,583.7 2,576.7 2,567.7 -9.0

Business support services .............................. 806.4 806.7 818.4 793.1 809.9 802.7 798.5 798.9 804.1 796.7 -7.4

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,656.6 1,864.3 1,795.7 1,693.1 1,827.9 1,863.2 1,866.3 1,861.1 1,877.4 1,870.1 -7.3

Waste management and remediation services 346.5 362.0 359.2 356.6 353.5 357.9 357.4 362.7 361.3 363.3 2.0

Education and health services ................................ 17,955 18,749 18,748 18,507 18,072 18,451 18,490 18,522 18,578 18,625 47

Educational services ............................................. 2,836.1 3,171.0 3,124.9 2,925.8 2,913.1 2,967.7 2,974.9 2,975.5 2,987.6 3,003.3 15.7

Health care and social assistance ........................15,119.2 15,577.7 15,622.7 15,581.0 15,158.9 15,483.0 15,515.1 15,546.7 15,590.7 15,621.6 30.9

3 Health care ......................................................... 12,742.4 13,100.4 13,140.9 13,109.0 12,776.3 13,027.5 13,060.1 13,081.1 13,115.9 13,143.0 27.1

1 Ambulatory health care services .................... 5,363.4 5,565.2 5,591.4 5,568.4 5,382.0 5,523.1 5,547.3 5,554.8 5,573.4 5,587.2 13.8

Offices of physicians .................................... 2,166.9 2,238.0 2,248.8 2,242.2 2,171.7 2,219.1 2,226.1 2,232.2 2,237.4 2,245.8 8.4

Outpatient care centers ................................ 501.5 511.2 515.3 512.1 502.1 509.3 511.4 511.0 514.4 513.2 -1.2

Home health care services .......................... 888.2 931.9 935.3 931.5 891.6 925.2 930.3 929.1 933.1 935.5 2.4

Hospitals .......................................................... 4,462.2 4,562.4 4,573.0 4,575.0 4,468.6 4,541.6 4,549.7 4,558.8 4,571.2 4,581.2 10.0

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............ 2,916.8 2,972.8 2,976.5 2,965.6 2,925.7 2,962.8 2,963.1 2,967.5 2,971.3 2,974.6 3.3

Nursing care facilities ................................... 1,587.2 1,610.2 1,611.8 1,604.0 1,592.2 1,604.3 1,603.1 1,605.9 1,607.9 1,608.5 .6

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,376.8 2,477.3 2,481.8 2,472.0 2,382.6 2,455.5 2,455.0 2,465.6 2,474.8 2,478.6 3.8

Child day care services ................................... 837.9 869.4 867.5 859.5 835.8 857.4 853.3 856.7 857.9 857.8 -.1

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 12,703 13,379 13,372 13,054 13,306 13,552 13,604 13,628 13,650 13,669 19

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 1,737.3 1,860.8 1,861.1 1,784.7 1,962.9 1,985.3 1,996.4 2,001.4 2,007.9 2,012.9 5.0

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 362.7 416.8 419.3 390.6 404.8 414.3 419.0 426.4 432.3 433.4 1.1

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 116.7 127.4 125.2 120.9 127.4 131.6 131.9 131.6 131.8 132.4 .6

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,257.9 1,316.6 1,316.6 1,273.2 1,430.7 1,439.4 1,445.5 1,443.4 1,443.8 1,447.1 3.3

Accommodation and food services ...................... 10,965.2 11,518.3 11,510.7 11,269.1 11,343.3 11,567.0 11,607.5 11,626.8 11,642.4 11,656.0 13.6

Accommodation .................................................. 1,766.6 1,815.8 1,811.2 1,778.0 1,852.5 1,856.4 1,863.6 1,870.3 1,866.1 1,864.9 -1.2

Food services and drinking places .................... 9,198.6 9,702.5 9,699.5 9,491.1 9,490.8 9,710.6 9,743.9 9,756.5 9,776.3 9,791.1 14.8

Other services .......................................................... 5,394 5,482 5,488 5,434 5,462 5,495 5,496 5,506 5,507 5,506 -1

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,232.3 1,251.6 1,246.0 1,237.3 1,246.2 1,262.5 1,260.1 1,258.0 1,255.0 1,253.9 -1.1

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,280.4 1,304.4 1,304.0 1,286.1 1,299.1 1,304.4 1,303.4 1,309.7 1,307.0 1,306.0 -1.0

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,880.9 2,925.6 2,938.0 2,910.9 2,916.4 2,927.6 2,932.8 2,938.0 2,945.0 2,946.2 1.2

Government .............................................................. 21,974 22,767 22,709 22,151 22,103 22,227 22,262 22,278 22,306 22,288 -18

Federal ................................................................... 2,707 2,727 2,740 2,715 2,728 2,721 2,722 2,728 2,732 2,734 2

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 1,943.4 1,964.0 1,960.7 1,953.3 1,962.0 1,961.4 1,963.5 1,966.7 1,969.3 1,970.8 1.5

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 763.1 762.8 779.1 761.6 766.0 759.3 758.3 761.7 762.8 763.0 .2

State government .................................................. 4,997 5,309 5,252 4,991 5,105 5,138 5,138 5,131 5,133 5,109 -24

State government education .............................. 2,217.5 2,504.3 2,450.8 2,189.4 2,308.8 2,327.7 2,325.9 2,314.3 2,315.5 2,289.5 -26.0

State government, excluding education ............ 2,779.4 2,804.5 2,800.7 2,801.6 2,796.4 2,810.3 2,812.4 2,816.5 2,817.6 2,819.3 1.7

Local government .................................................. 14,270 14,731 14,717 14,445 14,270 14,368 14,402 14,419 14,441 14,445 4

Local government education ............................. 8,064.9 8,367.1 8,362.1 8,121.6 7,952.6 7,970.6 7,994.6 7,999.6 8,013.3 8,008.9 -4.4

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,205.5 6,363.9 6,354.6 6,323.7 6,317.7 6,397.5 6,406.9 6,419.2 6,428.0 6,436.5 8.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing

and residential care facilities.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2007 benchmark levels

and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment

and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.

See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Jan. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

 Jan. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

Change

from:

Dec. 2007-

Jan. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 33.4 33.7 34.1 33.3 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.7 -0.1

Goods-producing .......................................... 39.9 40.8 40.8 40.0 40.3 40.6 40.6 40.7 40.6 40.4 -.2

Natural resources and mining .............................. 44.7 46.2 46.0 45.6 45.1 46.2 46.0 46.2 46.0 46.1 .1

Construction ............................................................ 37.9 39.0 38.6 37.9 38.7 38.9 39.0 39.1 39.1 38.8 -.3

Manufacturing ......................................................... 40.8 41.5 41.7 40.9 40.9 41.4 41.2 41.3 41.1 41.1 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 3.9 4.3 4.4 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 .0

Durable goods ..................................................... 40.9 41.6 42.0 41.2 41.1 41.6 41.5 41.5 41.4 41.4 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 3.9 4.3 4.4 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1 .1

Wood products .................................................. 38.0 38.7 39.3 38.3 38.9 39.7 39.5 39.0 39.1 39.2 .1

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 41.1 42.9 41.1 41.4 42.1 42.7 42.6 42.9 41.6 42.4 .8

Primary metals .................................................. 43.2 42.8 42.8 42.2 42.9 42.6 42.6 42.7 42.1 42.0 -.1

Fabricated metal products .............................. 40.9 42.0 42.1 41.4 40.9 41.9 41.7 41.7 41.5 41.5 .0

Machinery .......................................................... 41.8 43.0 43.7 42.9 41.8 42.7 42.9 42.9 43.0 43.0 .0

Computer and electronic products ................ 40.1 41.2 41.9 40.8 40.3 40.6 40.6 40.9 41.0 41.0 .0

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 40.9 41.6 42.9 41.5 40.9 41.2 40.7 41.2 41.7 41.5 -.2

Transportation equipment ............................... 42.8 42.7 43.2 42.3 42.7 42.8 42.7 42.6 42.4 42.4 .0

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 41.9 42.1 42.5 41.7 42.1 42.1 42.2 42.1 41.7 41.9 .2

Furniture and related products ....................... 38.7 39.0 39.9 38.1 39.0 39.4 39.1 38.9 39.2 38.5 -.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 38.4 38.8 39.4 38.8 38.5 39.7 39.0 38.8 38.9 38.9 .0

Nondurable goods ............................................... 40.6 41.3 41.2 40.4 40.7 40.9 40.8 40.9 40.7 40.5 -.2

Overtime hours ............................................ 3.9 4.3 4.2 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 -.1

Food manufacturing ......................................... 40.2 41.3 41.0 40.3 40.4 40.7 40.8 40.6 40.4 40.5 .1

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 40.2 40.3 40.2 40.4 40.9 40.8 40.6 40.5 40.7 41.0 .3

Textile mills ........................................................ 40.6 39.9 41.1 38.6 40.5 40.4 40.2 39.9 40.2 38.6 -1.6

Textile product mills ......................................... 39.2 39.2 40.6 38.6 39.1 39.9 39.2 39.1 39.8 38.8 -1.0

Apparel ............................................................... 37.5 37.1 37.3 36.2 37.7 37.2 36.6 36.9 37.4 36.5 -.9

Leather and allied products ............................ 37.9 38.3 40.0 38.7 38.2 37.9 37.7 38.1 39.1 38.9 -.2

Paper and paper products .............................. 42.5 44.2 44.5 43.8 42.6 43.2 43.3 43.7 43.8 43.8 .0

Printing and related support activities ........... 39.2 39.2 39.3 37.8 39.3 38.9 38.8 39.0 38.8 38.0 -.8

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 44.9 44.7 43.0 42.4 45.3 43.4 42.9 43.8 43.6 43.0 -.6

Chemicals .......................................................... 41.9 42.2 41.8 41.8 41.7 42.0 41.7 42.1 41.5 41.7 .2

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 41.0 42.1 42.0 41.0 40.9 41.6 41.7 42.1 41.4 41.0 -.4

Private service-providing ............................. 32.0 32.3 32.7 31.9 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3 -.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 32.9 33.2 33.7 32.9 33.4 33.3 33.2 33.3 33.3 33.3 .0

Wholesale trade ................................................... 37.5 38.1 38.8 37.9 38.0 38.2 38.1 38.1 38.3 38.3 .0

Retail trade ........................................................... 29.8 30.1 30.5 29.6 30.3 30.2 30.1 30.2 30.1 30.1 .0

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 36.6 36.9 37.7 36.7 37.1 36.9 36.7 36.8 37.0 37.1 .1

Utilities ................................................................... 41.5 42.4 42.6 42.0 42.1 42.5 42.2 42.5 42.7 42.5 -.2

Information ............................................................... 36.2 36.2 36.6 36.0 36.5 36.5 36.2 36.2 36.2 36.3 .1

Financial activities .................................................. 35.6 35.6 36.4 35.4 35.9 35.7 35.7 35.8 35.8 35.7 -.1

Professional and business services .................... 34.0 34.7 35.2 34.0 34.5 34.8 34.8 34.7 34.8 34.6 -.2

Education and health services ............................. 32.4 32.6 32.8 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.5 -.1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 24.9 25.0 25.2 24.4 25.6 25.4 25.4 25.3 25.2 25.2 .0

Other services ......................................................... 30.6 30.8 31.1 30.5 30.8 30.9 30.8 30.9 30.9 30.8 -.1

1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining

and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and

nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries.

These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the

total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, motor

vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2007 benchmark

levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

 Jan. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

 Jan. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

Total private ....................................... $17.16 $17.63 $17.77 $17.80 $573.14 $594.13 $605.96 $592.74

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 17.12 17.64 17.71 17.75 578.66 596.23 598.60 598.18

Goods-producing .......................................... 18.30 18.88 18.95 18.88 730.17 770.30 773.16 755.20

Natural resources and mining .............................. 20.74 20.99 21.53 21.68 927.08 969.74 990.38 988.61

Construction ............................................................ 20.44 21.26 21.34 21.18 774.68 829.14 823.72 802.72

Manufacturing ......................................................... 17.06 17.42 17.54 17.55 696.05 722.93 731.42 717.80

Durable goods ..................................................... 17.96 18.36 18.47 18.46 734.56 763.78 775.74 760.55

Wood products .................................................. 13.70 13.82 13.90 13.64 520.60 534.83 546.27 522.41

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 16.72 17.05 16.89 16.92 687.19 731.45 694.18 700.49

Primary metals .................................................. 19.46 19.69 19.73 19.79 840.67 842.73 844.44 835.14

Fabricated metal products .............................. 16.34 16.70 16.84 16.72 668.31 701.40 708.96 692.21

Machinery .......................................................... 17.63 17.74 17.92 17.99 736.93 762.82 783.10 771.77

Computer and electronic products ................ 19.54 20.22 20.38 20.63 783.55 833.06 853.92 841.70

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 15.76 15.68 15.73 15.89 644.58 652.29 674.82 659.44

Transportation equipment ............................... 22.50 23.41 23.46 23.37 963.00 999.61 1,013.47 988.55

Furniture and related products ....................... 14.13 14.35 14.53 14.40 546.83 559.65 579.75 548.64

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 14.53 14.72 15.03 14.83 557.95 571.14 592.18 575.40

Nondurable goods ............................................... 15.52 15.83 15.94 15.98 630.11 653.78 656.73 645.59

Food manufacturing ......................................... 13.42 13.63 13.70 13.78 539.48 562.92 561.70 555.33

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 17.89 19.54 19.68 19.44 719.18 787.46 791.14 785.38

Textile mills ........................................................ 12.90 13.06 13.12 13.18 523.74 521.09 539.23 508.75

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.89 11.67 11.75 11.60 466.09 457.46 477.05 447.76

Apparel ............................................................... 10.96 11.20 11.29 11.30 411.00 415.52 421.12 409.06

Leather and allied products ............................ 11.89 12.50 12.12 12.33 450.63 478.75 484.80 477.17

Paper and paper products .............................. 18.19 18.47 18.80 18.99 773.08 816.37 836.60 831.76

Printing and related support activities ........... 15.84 16.33 16.65 16.52 620.93 640.14 654.35 624.46

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 24.99 26.95 26.67 27.49 1,122.05 1,204.67 1,146.81 1,165.58

Chemicals .......................................................... 19.68 19.52 19.57 19.46 824.59 823.74 818.03 813.43

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 15.25 15.49 15.71 15.64 625.25 652.13 659.82 641.24

Private service-providing ............................. 16.87 17.31 17.47 17.53 539.84 559.11 571.27 559.21

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 15.59 15.84 15.89 16.00 512.91 525.89 535.49 526.40

Wholesale trade ................................................... 19.31 19.89 20.13 20.03 724.13 757.81 781.04 759.14

Retail trade ........................................................... 12.66 12.70 12.64 12.80 377.27 382.27 385.52 378.88

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 17.47 17.94 18.07 17.96 639.40 661.99 681.24 659.13

Utilities ................................................................... 27.35 28.17 28.50 28.10 1,135.03 1,194.41 1,214.10 1,180.20

Information ............................................................... 23.84 24.11 24.38 24.31 863.01 872.78 892.31 875.16

Financial activities .................................................. 19.29 19.83 19.97 19.99 686.72 705.95 726.91 707.65

Professional and business services .................... 19.81 20.33 20.72 20.72 673.54 705.45 729.34 704.48

Education and health services ............................. 17.78 18.42 18.53 18.63 576.07 600.49 607.78 603.61

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 10.16 10.67 10.79 10.69 252.98 266.75 271.91 260.84

Other services ......................................................... 15.06 15.61 15.77 15.76 460.84 480.79 490.45 480.68

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2007 benchmark

levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector 

and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total private:

 Jan. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Dec. 2007-

Jan. 2008 p

Current dollars ................................................ $17.12 $17.57 $17.59 $17.64 $17.71 $17.75 0.2

Constant (1982) dollars 2................................. 8.37 8.36 8.34 8.29 8.30 N.A.

Goods-producing .......................................................... 18.37 18.78 18.77 18.84 18.89 18.95 .3

Natural resources and mining .............................................. 20.57 20.99 21.05 21.02 21.41 21.46 .2

Construction ............................................................................ 20.57 21.12 21.07 21.20 21.25 21.31 .3

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 17.02 17.34 17.34 17.40 17.43 17.51 .5

.....................................................

4 Excluding overtime 16.21 16.50 16.52 16.58 16.62 16.70 .5

Durable goods ..................................................................... 17.94 18.28 18.28 18.31 18.33 18.43 .5

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 15.46 15.74 15.73 15.85 15.88 15.91 .2

Private service-providing ............................................. 16.78 17.26 17.28 17.33 17.41 17.45 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 15.58 15.90 15.94 15.93 16.01 16.00 -.1

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 19.26 19.72 19.77 19.86 19.95 19.98 .2

Retail trade ........................................................................... 12.66 12.83 12.86 12.81 12.81 12.82 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 17.50 17.86 17.86 17.93 18.08 18.01 -.4

Utilities ................................................................................... 27.32 28.14 28.32 28.18 28.41 28.13 -1.0

Information ............................................................................... 23.76 24.01 24.10 24.11 24.17 24.23 .2

Financial activities .................................................................. 19.34 19.76 19.78 19.87 19.92 20.02 .5

Professional and business services .................................... 19.68 20.36 20.31 20.42 20.50 20.57 .3

Education and health services ............................................. 17.75 18.29 18.34 18.43 18.51 18.59 .4

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 10.10 10.55 10.60 10.61 10.66 10.63 -.3

Other services ......................................................................... 15.07 15.55 15.59 15.66 15.71 15.78 .4

3( )

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical

Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.

3 Change was 0.1 percent from Nov. 2007 to Dec. 2007, the latest

month available.

4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate

of time and one-half.

N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2007 benchmark

levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Jan. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

 Jan. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Dec. 2007-

Jan. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 103.2 108.1 109.3 104.2 106.5 107.6 107.7 107.7 107.8 107.5 -0.3

Goods-producing .......................................... 97.5 102.4 100.8 96.2 101.5 101.6 101.4 101.5 100.9 100.2 -.7

Natural resources and mining .............................. 122.8 136.5 135.4 132.3 127.5 134.5 133.5 136.0 136.2 137.2 .7

Construction ............................................................ 105.1 115.4 109.5 101.7 114.6 114.3 114.5 113.9 113.0 111.6 -1.2

Manufacturing ......................................................... 93.1 94.8 95.2 92.4 94.3 94.6 93.9 94.3 93.7 93.7 .0

Durable goods ..................................................... 95.8 97.6 98.4 95.8 97.1 97.6 97.2 97.3 96.9 97.1 .2

Wood products .................................................. 87.6 85.3 86.8 82.4 91.7 89.3 88.2 86.6 86.9 86.5 -.5

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 91.6 99.0 92.5 91.4 97.5 98.3 98.4 98.4 95.0 97.3 2.4

Primary metals .................................................. 92.4 90.7 91.0 89.5 91.9 90.1 90.3 90.7 89.4 89.1 -.3

Fabricated metal products .............................. 102.0 105.9 106.3 103.7 102.6 105.3 105.2 105.2 104.5 104.6 .1

Machinery .......................................................... 101.0 105.1 107.0 105.6 101.2 103.7 104.6 104.9 105.4 106.0 .6

Computer and electronic products ................ 102.2 103.4 105.7 102.8 102.8 101.5 101.3 102.7 103.2 103.4 .2

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 87.7 89.6 92.3 88.5 87.8 88.8 87.9 89.1 89.3 88.7 -.7

Transportation equipment ............................... 97.3 97.6 98.6 95.6 97.9 98.5 96.9 97.2 96.0 96.5 .5

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 85.8 84.0 84.5 80.9 87.3 85.6 83.9 83.8 82.1 82.6 .6

Furniture and related products ....................... 85.8 84.6 86.3 81.1 87.6 86.3 85.4 84.8 84.9 83.0 -2.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 89.3 91.3 92.9 90.5 90.4 92.1 90.6 90.7 91.4 91.5 .1

Nondurable goods ............................................... 88.6 90.4 90.0 86.9 89.9 89.5 89.0 89.2 88.9 88.2 -.8

Food manufacturing ......................................... 97.9 103.1 102.5 98.6 100.1 100.7 100.9 100.4 100.7 100.7 .0

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 97.4 96.2 88.0 85.1 101.4 100.1 98.3 96.3 91.3 89.6 -1.9

Textile mills ........................................................ 59.9 54.0 54.8 51.0 60.3 54.7 54.6 53.8 53.7 51.4 -4.3

Textile product mills ......................................... 79.4 75.2 77.4 72.3 79.5 76.4 74.5 75.3 76.1 73.2 -3.8

Apparel ............................................................... 61.5 59.3 59.4 56.0 63.9 60.2 58.5 59.2 60.1 58.3 -3.0

Leather and allied products ............................ 68.6 71.6 74.0 72.6 69.7 70.3 69.5 70.5 71.8 73.3 2.1

Paper and paper products .............................. 85.6 87.9 88.9 87.2 85.9 86.2 86.3 86.9 87.4 87.3 -.1

Printing and related support activities ........... 92.5 92.4 92.4 88.3 93.4 92.1 91.0 91.6 90.7 89.4 -1.4

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 89.7 98.4 89.7 88.5 94.3 95.6 95.6 96.4 93.6 93.6 .0

Chemicals .......................................................... 92.6 95.7 95.9 94.9 92.8 94.8 93.8 95.9 95.3 95.1 -.2

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 90.6 91.2 91.1 87.8 91.1 90.9 91.0 91.2 90.0 88.5 -1.7

Private service-providing ............................. 104.7 109.9 111.5 106.3 107.9 109.3 109.5 109.5 109.8 109.5 -.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 101.8 107.0 109.4 103.1 104.2 104.8 104.6 105.1 105.2 105.1 -.1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 104.7 110.7 112.9 108.8 107.1 110.3 110.5 110.4 111.2 111.0 -.2

Retail trade ........................................................... 99.0 104.6 107.3 99.2 101.4 101.7 101.3 101.9 101.6 101.6 .0

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 107.3 111.1 113.6 108.3 109.7 109.4 108.9 109.4 109.9 110.3 .4

Utilities ................................................................... 93.4 96.3 96.8 94.8 95.1 96.7 96.2 96.7 97.2 96.4 -.8

Information ............................................................... 98.1 99.6 100.9 98.5 99.6 100.1 99.4 99.4 99.4 100.0 .6

Financial activities .................................................. 107.0 107.4 110.1 106.4 108.8 108.3 108.1 108.2 108.3 108.1 -.2

Professional and business services .................... 109.2 116.8 118.2 111.2 113.6 115.9 116.3 115.9 116.8 116.0 -.7

Education and health services ............................. 109.4 115.1 115.9 113.1 110.5 113.4 113.6 113.8 114.1 114.2 .1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 102.0 108.2 108.9 102.6 110.2 111.6 111.9 111.6 111.3 111.3 .0

Other services ......................................................... 96.1 98.7 99.6 96.6 98.1 99.4 99.2 99.5 99.5 99.1 -.4

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and

motor vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by

dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by

the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours

estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours

and production and nonsupervisory worker employment. Data

have been revised to reflect March 2007 benchmark levels and

updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Jan. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

 Jan. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007p

 Jan. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Dec. 2007-

Jan. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 118.4 127.3 129.7 123.9 121.9 126.3 126.6 127.0 127.6 127.6 0.0

Goods-producing .......................................... 109.3 118.4 117.0 111.3 114.2 116.8 116.6 117.1 116.8 116.3 -.4

Natural resources and mining .............................. 148.1 166.6 169.6 166.8 152.5 164.2 163.4 166.3 169.5 171.2 1.0

Construction ............................................................ 116.0 132.5 126.2 116.3 127.3 130.4 130.3 130.4 129.7 128.4 -1.0

Manufacturing ......................................................... 103.9 108.0 109.2 106.0 104.9 107.3 106.5 107.3 106.8 107.3 .5

Durable goods ..................................................... 107.4 111.8 113.5 110.4 108.8 111.4 110.9 111.2 110.9 111.7 .7

Nondurable goods ............................................... 97.2 101.1 101.3 98.1 98.2 99.5 98.9 99.9 99.8 99.1 -.7

Private service-providing ............................. 121.1 130.4 133.5 127.7 124.1 129.3 129.7 130.2 131.0 131.0 .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 113.3 120.9 124.0 117.6 115.8 118.9 119.0 119.4 120.1 120.0 -.1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 119.1 129.7 133.9 128.4 121.5 128.1 128.6 129.2 130.7 130.7 .0

Retail trade ........................................................... 107.5 113.9 116.2 108.8 110.1 111.8 111.6 111.9 111.5 111.6 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 119.0 126.4 130.3 123.3 121.7 124.0 123.4 124.4 126.1 126.0 -.1

Utilities ................................................................... 106.6 113.2 115.2 111.2 108.5 113.6 113.7 113.7 115.2 113.2 -1.7

Information ............................................................... 115.7 118.8 121.8 118.5 117.2 119.0 118.6 118.7 119.0 119.9 .8

Financial activities .................................................. 127.6 131.7 135.9 131.5 130.1 132.3 132.3 133.0 133.4 133.8 .3

Professional and business services .................... 128.7 141.2 145.8 137.1 133.1 140.4 140.5 140.9 142.5 141.9 -.4

Education and health services ............................. 127.9 139.4 141.1 138.5 129.0 136.4 137.0 137.8 138.9 139.6 .5

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 117.7 131.1 133.5 124.6 126.4 133.7 134.7 134.4 134.7 134.4 -.2

Other services ......................................................... 105.5 112.2 114.5 111.0 107.8 112.6 112.7 113.5 113.8 113.9 .1

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated

by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate payrolls

by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate

payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory

worker employment. Data have been revised to reflect March

2007 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries

Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries

1

1

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Time span

2004 ......................................................... 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7

2006 ......................................................... 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 p 50.0

2008 .........................................................

p 46.2

2004 ......................................................... 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4

2007 ......................................................... 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 p 53.3

2008 .........................................................

p 50.5

2004 ......................................................... 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0

2005 ......................................................... 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0

2006 ......................................................... 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 p 54.4

2008 .........................................................

p 51.5

2004 ......................................................... 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8

2005 ......................................................... 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5

2007 ......................................................... 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 p 56.4

2008 .........................................................

p 55.3

2004 ......................................................... 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9

2005 ......................................................... 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0

2006 ......................................................... 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3

2007 ......................................................... 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 p 36.3

2008 .........................................................

p 38.1

2004 ......................................................... 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4

2006 ......................................................... 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5

2007 ......................................................... 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 p 43.5

2008 .........................................................

p 38.1

2004 ......................................................... 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3

2006 ......................................................... 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8

2007 ......................................................... 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 p 32.7

2008 .........................................................

p 32.7

2004 ......................................................... 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6

2005 ......................................................... 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1

2006 ......................................................... 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0

2007 ......................................................... 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 p 31.5

2008 .........................................................

p 30.4

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing

plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where

50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing

and decreasing employment. Data have been revised to reflect March

2007 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment

and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.

See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.