Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-15-2125 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, November 6, 2015 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2015 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 271,000 in October, and the unemployment rate

was essentially unchanged at 5.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains 

occurred in professional and business services, health care, retail trade, food services and drinking 

places, and construction. 

Household Survey Data 

Both the unemployment rate (5.0 percent) and the number of unemployed persons (7.9 million) were 

essentially unchanged in October. Over the past 12 months, the unemployment rate and the number of 

unemployed persons were down by 0.7 percentage point and 1.1 million, respectively. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.7 percent), adult women 

(4.5 percent), teenagers (15.9 percent), whites (4.4 percent), blacks (9.2 percent), Asians (3.5 percent), 

and Hispanics (6.3 percent) showed little or no change in October. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, October 2013 –

October 2015

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan -15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15

Percent Thousands

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan -15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

October 2013 – October 2015
- 2 - 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

at 2.1 million in October and has shown little change since June. These individuals accounted for 26.8 

percent of the unemployed in October. (See table A-12.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate was unchanged at 62.4 percent in October, following a 

decline of 0.2 percentage point in September. The employment-population ratio, at 59.3 percent, 

changed little in October and has shown little movement over the past year. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) edged down by 269,000 to 5.8 million in October. These individuals 

were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a fulltime job. Over the past 12 months, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons has 

declined by 1.2 million. (See table A-8.) 

In October, 1.9 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 276,000 from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 665,000 discouraged workers in October, little changed 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.3 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 271,000 in October. Over the prior 12 months, 

employment growth had averaged 230,000 per month. In October, job gains occurred in professional 

and business services, health care, retail trade, food services and drinking places, and construction. (See 

table B-1.) 

Employment in professional and business services increased by 78,000 in October, compared with an 

average gain of 52,000 per month over the prior 12 months. In October, job gains occurred in 

administrative and support services (+46,000), computer systems design and related services (+10,000), 

and architectural and engineering services (+8,000). 

Health care added 45,000 jobs in October. Within the industry, employment growth continued in 

ambulatory health care services (+27,000) and in hospitals (+18,000). Over the past year, health care has 

added 495,000 jobs. 

Employment in retail trade rose by 44,000 in October, compared with an average monthly gain of 

25,000 over the prior 12 months. In October, job gains occurred in clothing and accessories stores 

(+20,000), general merchandise stores (+11,000), and automobile dealers (+6,000). 

Food services and drinking places added 42,000 jobs in October. Over the year, the industry has added 

368,000 jobs. 
- 3 - 

Construction employment increased by 31,000 in October, following little employment change in 

recent months. Employment in nonresidential specialty trade contractors rose by 21,000. Over the past 

12 months, construction has added 233,000 jobs. 

Employment in mining continued to trend down in October (-5,000). The industry has shed 109,000 

jobs since reaching a recent employment peak in December 2014. 

Employment in other major industries, including manufacturing, wholesale trade, transportation and 

warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, showed little or no change over the 

month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 34.5 hours in 

October. The manufacturing workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, and factory overtime edged 

up by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 9 cents to 

$25.20, following little change in September (+1 cent). Hourly earnings have risen by 2.5 percent over 

the year. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees 

increased by 9 cents to $21.18 in October. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised from +136,000 to +153,000, 

and the change for September was revised from +142,000 to +137,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in August and September combined were 12,000 more than previously reported. Over 

the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 187,000 per month. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 4, 

2015, at 8:30 a.m. (EST). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Change from:

Sept. 2015-

Oct. 2015

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 248,657 251,096 251,325 251,541 216

Civilian labor force........................................................... 156,243 157,065 156,715 157,028 313

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.8 62.6 62.4 62.4 0.0

Employed................................................................... 147,260 149,036 148,800 149,120 320

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.2 59.4 59.2 59.3 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 8,983 8,029 7,915 7,908 -7

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.7 5.1 5.1 5.0 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 92,414 94,031 94,610 94,513 -97

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.7 5.1 5.1 5.0 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.7 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 5.4 4.7 4.6 4.5 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 18.7 16.9 16.3 15.9 -0.4

White.......................................................................... 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 10.9 9.5 9.2 9.2 0.0

Asian.......................................................................... 5.0 3.5 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.3 -0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.1 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.9 7.7 7.9 7.4 -0.5

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.2 0.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 4,349 4,070 3,908 3,965 57

Job leavers...................................................................... 782 790 780 789 9

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,856 2,349 2,436 2,430 -6

New entrants.................................................................... 1,058 850 831 807 -24

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,455 2,095 2,363 2,326 -37

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,322 2,374 2,218 2,311 93

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,416 1,250 1,214 1,218 4

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,904 2,187 2,104 2,142 38

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 7,012 6,483 6,036 5,767 -269

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 4,215 3,841 3,569 3,279 -290

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,437 2,242 2,134 2,182 48

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 19,793 19,760 19,971 20,169 198

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,192 1,812 1,921 1,916 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 770 624 635 665 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 153 137 271

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 125 149 268

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 -21 -10 27

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -10 -13 -4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8 12 31

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 -19 -9 0

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 -5 -4 -3

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 6.6 4.0 1.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -14 -5 3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 146 159 241

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 5.4 0.3 9.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 4.1 5.8 43.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 5.2 4.9 -2.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 1.2 0.3 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 -4 11 -1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 14 0 5

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 35 33 78

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 5.7 2.6 24.5

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 56 46 57

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.0 53.1 47.1 56.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 37 51 41

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -8 6 10

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 28 -12 3

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 207 171 187

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 179 156 181

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.0 48.0 48.0

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 34.6 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24.59 $25.10 $25.11 $25.20

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $850.81 $868.46 $866.30 $869.40

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.0 104.0 103.8 104.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.1 -0.2 0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.7 124.6 124.4 125.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.5 -0.2 0.6

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (263 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 57.2 53.4 61.8

Manufacturing (80 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 39.4 37.5 51.9

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 143,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 588,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 105,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -55,000 to +155,000 

(50,000 +/- 105,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2014

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

June

2015

July

2015

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248,657 251,325 251,541 248,657 250,663 250,876 251,096 251,325 251,541

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,616 156,607 157,313 156,243 157,037 157,106 157,065 156,715 157,028

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 62.3 62.5 62.8 62.6 62.6 62.6 62.4 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,936 148,980 149,716 147,260 148,739 148,840 149,036 148,800 149,120

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 59.3 59.5 59.2 59.3 59.3 59.4 59.2 59.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,680 7,628 7,597 8,983 8,299 8,266 8,029 7,915 7,908

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 4.9 4.8 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,041 94,718 94,228 92,414 93,626 93,770 94,031 94,610 94,513

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,122 5,584 5,703 6,545 6,076 6,135 5,932 5,955 6,052

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,112 121,365 121,474 120,112 121,032 121,139 121,250 121,365 121,474

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,075 83,390 83,572 82,950 83,490 83,578 83,472 83,402 83,501

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 68.7 68.8 69.1 69.0 69.0 68.8 68.7 68.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,696 79,406 79,579 78,286 79,020 79,202 79,211 79,134 79,219

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.4 65.5 65.2 65.3 65.4 65.3 65.2 65.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,379 3,984 3,993 4,664 4,471 4,376 4,261 4,267 4,282

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.8 4.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,037 37,975 37,902 37,161 37,541 37,562 37,778 37,964 37,973

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,679 112,940 113,049 111,679 112,605 112,714 112,825 112,940 113,049

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,241 80,633 80,817 80,023 80,680 80,790 80,640 80,553 80,662

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.9 71.4 71.5 71.7 71.6 71.7 71.5 71.3 71.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,399 77,110 77,258 75,928 76,783 76,903 76,880 76,763 76,852

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 68.3 68.3 68.0 68.2 68.2 68.1 68.0 68.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,843 3,523 3,559 4,094 3,897 3,887 3,760 3,790 3,809

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.4 4.4 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,437 32,307 32,232 31,656 31,925 31,924 32,185 32,387 32,388

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,545 129,960 130,067 128,545 129,631 129,737 129,846 129,960 130,067

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,541 73,217 73,741 73,293 73,547 73,528 73,593 73,313 73,527

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 56.3 56.7 57.0 56.7 56.7 56.7 56.4 56.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,240 69,574 70,137 68,974 69,719 69,638 69,825 69,665 69,901

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 53.5 53.9 53.7 53.8 53.7 53.8 53.6 53.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,301 3,643 3,604 4,318 3,828 3,891 3,768 3,648 3,627

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.0 4.9 5.9 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,004 56,743 56,326 55,253 56,085 56,209 56,253 56,647 56,540

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,370 121,773 121,880 120,370 121,445 121,551 121,660 121,773 121,880

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,701 70,633 71,093 70,354 70,665 70,745 70,826 70,561 70,779

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.0 58.3 58.4 58.2 58.2 58.2 57.9 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,900 67,394 67,885 66,560 67,294 67,271 67,502 67,346 67,568

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 55.3 55.7 55.3 55.4 55.3 55.5 55.3 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,800 3,239 3,209 3,794 3,372 3,474 3,324 3,214 3,211

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.6 4.5 5.4 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,670 51,140 50,787 50,016 50,780 50,806 50,833 51,212 51,101

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,608 16,612 16,612 16,608 16,613 16,611 16,611 16,612 16,612

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,674 5,341 5,403 5,866 5,691 5,570 5,599 5,601 5,587

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 32.1 32.5 35.3 34.3 33.5 33.7 33.7 33.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,637 4,476 4,574 4,772 4,662 4,666 4,654 4,690 4,700

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 26.9 27.5 28.7 28.1 28.1 28.0 28.2 28.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,037 865 830 1,094 1,029 904 945 911 888

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.3 16.2 15.4 18.7 18.1 16.2 16.9 16.3 15.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,933 11,271 11,209 10,742 10,922 11,040 11,012 11,011 11,025

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2014

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

June

2015

July

2015

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195,896 197,152 197,271 195,896 196,786 196,904 197,024 197,152 197,271

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,610 123,111 123,572 123,287 123,649 123,607 123,390 123,132 123,348

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 62.4 62.6 62.9 62.8 62.8 62.6 62.5 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,901 117,971 118,474 117,300 117,942 117,880 117,903 117,768 117,961

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 59.8 60.1 59.9 59.9 59.9 59.8 59.7 59.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,709 5,139 5,098 5,987 5,707 5,727 5,487 5,364 5,387

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,286 74,041 73,699 72,609 73,137 73,297 73,634 74,020 73,922

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,445 64,608 64,711 64,234 64,727 64,819 64,617 64,543 64,579

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 71.8 71.8 71.8 72.1 72.1 71.8 71.7 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,906 62,165 62,280 61,507 62,031 62,057 61,964 61,880 61,940

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 69.1 69.1 68.8 69.1 69.0 68.9 68.7 68.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,539 2,443 2,431 2,727 2,696 2,762 2,652 2,663 2,639

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,698 54,284 54,631 54,452 54,400 54,369 54,372 54,181 54,398

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 57.2 57.6 57.9 57.5 57.4 57.4 57.1 57.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,250 52,162 52,541 51,945 52,097 52,027 52,167 52,091 52,254

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 55.0 55.4 55.2 55.0 54.9 55.1 54.9 55.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,449 2,122 2,090 2,507 2,303 2,342 2,205 2,090 2,143

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.9 3.8 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,466 4,218 4,230 4,601 4,522 4,418 4,401 4,407 4,372

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 34.3 34.4 37.2 36.7 35.9 35.7 35.8 35.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,745 3,644 3,653 3,848 3,814 3,796 3,772 3,796 3,767

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 29.6 29.7 31.1 31.0 30.8 30.6 30.8 30.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 574 576 753 708 622 629 611 605

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1 13.6 13.6 16.4 15.7 14.1 14.3 13.9 13.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,969 31,479 31,518 30,969 31,362 31,399 31,438 31,479 31,518

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,124 19,287 19,502 19,024 19,346 19,298 19,388 19,349 19,394

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 61.3 61.9 61.4 61.7 61.5 61.7 61.5 61.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,086 17,535 17,734 16,953 17,501 17,534 17,556 17,560 17,607

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 55.7 56.3 54.7 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,038 1,752 1,768 2,071 1,845 1,764 1,832 1,789 1,787

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 9.1 9.1 10.9 9.5 9.1 9.5 9.2 9.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,846 12,192 12,016 11,945 12,016 12,101 12,050 12,130 12,124

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,701 8,769 8,809 8,672 8,808 8,738 8,763 8,751 8,772

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 67.0 67.2 67.6 67.6 67.0 67.1 66.9 67.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,821 8,017 8,038 7,742 7,970 7,966 7,956 7,975 7,965

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 61.3 61.4 60.4 61.2 61.1 60.9 61.0 60.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 752 771 930 838 773 807 776 806

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 8.6 8.8 10.7 9.5 8.8 9.2 8.9 9.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,693 9,858 10,018 9,624 9,827 9,861 9,934 9,882 9,951

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 62.0 62.9 61.5 62.0 62.1 62.5 62.1 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,758 9,069 9,180 8,720 9,046 9,070 9,125 9,094 9,142

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 57.0 57.6 55.7 57.1 57.2 57.4 57.2 57.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935 789 838 904 781 791 809 788 809

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 8.0 8.4 9.4 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729 660 675 728 712 698 691 715 671

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.2 26.5 27.1 29.2 28.6 28.1 27.8 28.7 27.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 449 515 491 486 498 474 490 500

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 18.0 20.7 19.7 19.5 20.0 19.1 19.7 20.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 211 159 237 226 200 216 225 172

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.6 32.0 23.6 32.5 31.8 28.7 31.3 31.5 25.6

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2014

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

June

2015

July

2015

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,782 14,508 14,440 13,782 14,430 14,540 14,558 14,508 14,440

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,729 8,990 8,867 8,782 9,076 9,113 9,110 9,040 8,942

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 62.0 61.4 63.7 62.9 62.7 62.6 62.3 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,295 8,675 8,561 8,340 8,730 8,751 8,790 8,710 8,626

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 59.8 59.3 60.5 60.5 60.2 60.4 60.0 59.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 315 307 443 346 362 321 330 316

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 3.5 3.5 5.0 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,054 5,518 5,573 5,000 5,354 5,427 5,448 5,468 5,498

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2014

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

June

2015

July

2015

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 38,679 39,828 39,916 38,679 39,566 39,648 39,737 39,828 39,916

Civilian labor force................................ 25,732 25,989 26,223 25,665 26,132 26,158 26,077 26,069 26,193

Participation rate............................... 66.5 65.3 65.7 66.4 66.0 66.0 65.6 65.5 65.6

Employed....................................... 24,051 24,454 24,643 23,931 24,401 24,374 24,343 24,403 24,533

Employment-population ratio............... 62.2 61.4 61.7 61.9 61.7 61.5 61.3 61.3 61.5

Unemployed.................................... 1,681 1,535 1,580 1,734 1,730 1,784 1,734 1,666 1,660

Unemployment rate......................... 6.5 5.9 6.0 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.3

Not in labor force................................. 12,947 13,839 13,693 13,013 13,434 13,491 13,660 13,760 13,723

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,279 14,450 14,494 14,218 14,402 14,468 14,352 14,475 14,460

Participation rate............................... 81.6 80.5 80.5 81.2 80.7 80.9 80.1 80.6 80.3

Employed....................................... 13,550 13,759 13,819 13,458 13,549 13,596 13,595 13,679 13,727

Employment-population ratio............... 77.4 76.6 76.8 76.9 76.0 76.1 75.9 76.2 76.3

Unemployed.................................... 728 692 675 760 853 872 757 796 733

Unemployment rate......................... 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.3 5.9 6.0 5.3 5.5 5.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,284 10,485 10,654 10,259 10,552 10,574 10,606 10,500 10,639

Participation rate............................... 58.8 57.8 58.6 58.6 58.5 58.5 58.6 57.8 58.5

Employed....................................... 9,568 9,827 9,996 9,522 9,919 9,850 9,859 9,834 9,957

Employment-population ratio............... 54.7 54.1 54.9 54.4 55.0 54.5 54.4 54.2 54.7

Unemployed.................................... 717 658 659 737 633 724 747 667 682

Unemployment rate......................... 7.0 6.3 6.2 7.2 6.0 6.8 7.0 6.3 6.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,169 1,054 1,074 1,187 1,178 1,116 1,118 1,094 1,094

Participation rate............................... 31.8 28.4 28.9 32.3 31.8 30.1 30.1 29.4 29.4

Employed....................................... 933 869 828 950 933 928 889 890 848

Employment-population ratio............... 25.4 23.4 22.3 25.9 25.2 25.0 24.0 24.0 22.8

Unemployed.................................... 236 185 246 237 245 188 230 204 245

Unemployment rate......................... 20.2 17.6 22.9 20.0 20.8 16.9 20.6 18.6 22.4

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2014

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

June

2015

July

2015

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,683 10,588 10,511 10,831 11,065 10,843 10,692 10,608 10,699

Participation rate.................................. 44.7 44.8 44.8 45.3 44.6 46.2 45.4 44.8 45.6

Employed.......................................... 9,896 9,858 9,795 9,975 10,161 9,942 9,865 9,773 9,903

Employment-population ratio................. 41.4 41.7 41.7 41.7 41.0 42.4 41.9 41.3 42.2

Unemployed....................................... 787 730 715 856 904 901 827 835 796

Unemployment rate............................ 7.4 6.9 6.8 7.9 8.2 8.3 7.7 7.9 7.4

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,258 35,497 35,675 36,183 34,996 35,130 35,534 35,250 35,434

Participation rate.................................. 58.1 57.3 57.6 58.0 57.1 57.1 57.1 56.9 57.2

Employed.......................................... 34,315 33,719 33,930 34,127 33,110 33,194 33,584 33,408 33,587

Employment-population ratio................. 55.0 54.5 54.8 54.7 54.0 53.9 54.0 54.0 54.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,943 1,778 1,744 2,056 1,886 1,936 1,950 1,842 1,846

Unemployment rate............................ 5.4 5.0 4.9 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.2

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,671 37,358 37,467 37,304 37,674 37,547 37,053 37,209 37,313

Participation rate.................................. 67.2 66.2 66.2 66.5 66.8 65.9 65.9 66.0 65.9

Employed.......................................... 35,836 35,797 35,860 35,460 36,084 35,900 35,427 35,604 35,680

Employment-population ratio................. 63.9 63.5 63.3 63.2 64.0 63.0 63.0 63.1 63.0

Unemployed....................................... 1,836 1,562 1,606 1,843 1,590 1,646 1,626 1,605 1,633

Unemployment rate............................ 4.9 4.2 4.3 4.9 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 50,601 52,552 52,784 50,471 51,855 52,361 52,454 52,693 52,643

Participation rate.................................. 74.8 74.2 74.3 74.6 74.6 74.5 74.3 74.4 74.1

Employed.......................................... 49,109 51,251 51,476 48,937 50,548 51,021 51,167 51,396 51,307

Employment-population ratio................. 72.6 72.4 72.5 72.4 72.7 72.6 72.5 72.6 72.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,493 1,301 1,308 1,534 1,307 1,339 1,286 1,297 1,336

Unemployment rate............................ 2.9 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,069 21,120 18,810 19,119 2,259 2,001

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,729 10,772 9,308 9,535 1,421 1,237

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.9 51.0 49.5 49.9 62.9 61.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,248 10,349 8,905 9,180 1,343 1,169

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 49.0 47.3 48.0 59.5 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 422 403 355 77 67

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.9 4.3 3.7 5.5 5.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,340 10,348 9,502 9,584 838 764

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,340 3,774 2,629 3,047 710 727

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,628 3,068 2,146 2,539 481 529

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 81.3 81.6 83.3 67.7 72.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,440 2,926 2,013 2,435 427 491

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.1 77.5 76.5 79.9 60.1 67.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 142 134 104 54 38

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 4.6 6.2 4.1 11.2 7.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 707 483 508 229 198

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,202 3,323 2,599 2,876 604 447

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,680 2,672 2,227 2,341 454 331

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.7 80.4 85.7 81.4 75.1 74.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,605 2,578 2,161 2,265 444 314

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 77.6 83.1 78.8 73.5 70.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 93 66 76 10 17

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.5 3.0 3.3 2.1 5.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 651 372 535 150 116

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,244 8,783 8,896 8,471 348 312

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,587 2,284 2,504 2,224 83 60

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 26.0 28.1 26.3 23.8 19.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,490 2,208 2,411 2,156 79 53

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 25.1 27.1 25.4 22.7 16.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 76 93 69 4 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.1 4.6 –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,657 6,499 6,392 6,247 265 252

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,283 5,240 4,686 4,725 597 515

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,834 2,748 2,431 2,431 403 317

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 52.4 51.9 51.5 67.5 61.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,715 2,637 2,321 2,325 393 312

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 50.3 49.5 49.2 65.9 60.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 111 110 106 10 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.4 2.5 1.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,449 2,492 2,255 2,294 194 198

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218,556 221,487 96,681 97,773 121,875 123,715

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,819 144,641 72,753 73,090 71,065 71,552

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 65.3 75.3 74.8 58.3 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,031 137,774 69,006 69,620 67,025 68,153

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 62.2 71.4 71.2 55.0 55.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,788 6,868 3,747 3,470 4,040 3,398

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.7 5.2 4.7 5.7 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,738 76,846 23,928 24,683 50,810 52,163

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,742 30,026 218,914 221,515

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,942 5,811 150,674 151,502

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.0 19.4 68.8 68.4

Employed............................................................................. 5,269 5,199 142,667 144,518

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.7 17.3 65.2 65.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 673 613 8,007 6,985

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.3 10.5 5.3 4.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,800 24,215 68,240 70,013

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,544 2,443 75,855 76,128

Participation rate..................................................................... 32.5 31.9 82.4 82.0

Employed............................................................................. 2,222 2,163 71,975 72,574

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 28.4 28.2 78.2 78.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 322 280 3,880 3,554

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.7 11.5 5.1 4.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,293 5,217 16,240 16,732

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,411 2,291 67,319 67,429

Participation rate..................................................................... 29.4 28.3 70.8 70.3

Employed............................................................................. 2,128 2,010 63,491 64,232

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 25.9 24.8 66.7 67.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 284 282 3,829 3,197

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.8 12.3 5.7 4.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,788 5,815 27,807 28,509

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 986 1,077 7,500 7,945

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.2 7.6 23.7 24.3

Employed............................................................................. 919 1,026 7,201 7,711

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.7 7.2 22.7 23.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 67 51 298 234

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.8 4.7 4.0 2.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,719 13,182 24,193 24,772

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 39,696 40,074 19,553 19,463 20,143 20,610

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,364 26,267 15,431 15,262 10,933 11,004

Participation rate.................................................. 66.4 65.5 78.9 78.4 54.3 53.4

Employed.......................................................... 24,984 25,120 14,745 14,688 10,239 10,431

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.9 62.7 75.4 75.5 50.8 50.6

Unemployed....................................................... 1,380 1,147 686 574 694 573

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.2 4.4 4.4 3.8 6.4 5.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 13,332 13,807 4,122 4,201 9,210 9,606

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 208,960 211,468 100,559 102,011 108,402 109,457

Civilian labor force.................................................. 130,252 131,047 67,644 68,310 62,608 62,737

Participation rate.................................................. 62.3 62.0 67.3 67.0 57.8 57.3

Employed.......................................................... 122,952 124,597 63,951 64,891 59,001 59,706

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.8 58.9 63.6 63.6 54.4 54.5

Unemployed....................................................... 7,300 6,450 3,693 3,419 3,606 3,031

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.6 4.9 5.5 5.0 5.8 4.8

Not in labor force.................................................... 78,709 80,421 32,915 33,701 45,794 46,720

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2014

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

June

2015

July

2015

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,517 2,471 2,518 2,402 2,544 2,375 2,345 2,357 2,390

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,689 1,634 1,683 1,581 1,590 1,490 1,437 1,506 1,566

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 800 810 810 784 905 853 886 820 803

Unpaid family workers........................... 28 26 25 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 145,419 146,509 147,198 144,982 146,192 146,439 146,679 146,464 146,795

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 136,454 138,008 138,477 136,016 137,458 137,628 137,988 137,966 138,106

Government..................................... 20,049 20,446 20,667 19,885 20,744 20,547 20,620 20,526 20,565

Private industries............................... 116,405 117,562 117,810 116,059 116,678 117,059 117,331 117,516 117,469

Private households.......................... 773 733 791 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 115,631 116,829 117,019 115,281 115,857 116,257 116,509 116,747 116,659

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,916 8,452 8,660 8,908 8,645 8,741 8,682 8,357 8,640

Unpaid family workers........................... 50 49 61 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,787 5,693 5,536 7,012 6,505 6,325 6,483 6,036 5,767

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,109 3,360 3,179 4,215 3,915 3,828 3,841 3,569 3,279

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,414 2,085 2,147 2,437 2,216 2,213 2,242 2,134 2,182

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,332 20,109 20,754 19,793 20,480 19,891 19,760 19,971 20,169

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,698 5,620 5,495 6,911 6,384 6,223 6,380 5,946 5,711

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,059 3,319 3,161 4,149 3,828 3,752 3,779 3,521 3,251

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,394 2,060 2,145 2,407 2,195 2,199 2,239 2,104 2,173

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,935 19,791 20,352 19,443 19,996 19,504 19,445 19,656 19,801

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2014

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

June

2015

July

2015

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,936 148,980 149,716 147,260 148,739 148,840 149,036 148,800 149,120

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,637 4,476 4,574 4,772 4,662 4,666 4,654 4,690 4,700

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,657 1,643 1,593 1,626 1,654 1,637 1,623 1,634 1,573

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,980 2,832 2,981 3,141 3,014 3,034 3,030 3,049 3,118

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,299 144,504 145,143 142,488 144,077 144,174 144,382 144,110 144,420

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,144 13,880 14,080 14,088 14,055 14,043 14,315 13,977 14,038

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,155 130,625 131,062 128,522 130,043 130,123 130,051 130,135 130,478

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,262 97,142 97,112 95,772 96,618 96,487 96,628 96,735 96,700

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,396 32,899 32,919 32,228 32,756 32,652 32,765 32,808 32,786

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,162 31,522 31,521 30,994 31,277 31,261 31,343 31,350 31,349

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,705 32,722 32,672 32,550 32,584 32,574 32,520 32,578 32,565

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,893 33,483 33,951 32,750 33,425 33,636 33,423 33,400 33,778

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,696 79,406 79,579 78,286 79,020 79,202 79,211 79,134 79,219

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,297 2,296 2,321 2,358 2,237 2,299 2,331 2,371 2,367

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 821 779 785 824 799 808 803 778

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,513 1,475 1,542 1,584 1,415 1,498 1,526 1,563 1,592

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,399 77,110 77,258 75,928 76,783 76,903 76,880 76,763 76,852

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,353 7,085 7,164 7,337 7,181 7,177 7,256 7,111 7,152

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,045 70,026 70,094 68,673 69,633 69,730 69,615 69,632 69,764

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,610 52,243 52,064 51,327 51,828 51,740 51,891 51,958 51,839

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,494 17,831 17,817 17,367 17,799 17,689 17,705 17,741 17,724

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,899 17,064 17,013 16,802 16,903 16,838 16,931 16,954 16,916

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,217 17,349 17,234 17,159 17,125 17,213 17,255 17,264 17,198

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,435 17,782 18,029 17,346 17,806 17,990 17,724 17,673 17,925

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,240 69,574 70,137 68,974 69,719 69,638 69,825 69,665 69,901

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,340 2,180 2,253 2,414 2,425 2,367 2,322 2,319 2,333

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872 822 814 841 830 838 814 831 794

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,468 1,358 1,438 1,557 1,599 1,536 1,504 1,485 1,526

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,900 67,394 67,885 66,560 67,294 67,271 67,502 67,346 67,568

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,790 6,795 6,916 6,751 6,874 6,865 7,059 6,866 6,886

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,110 60,599 60,969 59,849 60,409 60,392 60,437 60,504 60,715

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,653 44,899 45,047 44,445 44,790 44,746 44,738 44,777 44,861

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,902 15,068 15,103 14,861 14,957 14,962 15,060 15,067 15,061

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,263 14,458 14,508 14,192 14,374 14,423 14,413 14,395 14,433

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,488 15,373 15,437 15,391 15,459 15,361 15,265 15,314 15,367

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,457 15,700 15,921 15,404 15,619 15,646 15,699 15,727 15,853

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,624 45,091 44,992 44,380 44,878 44,855 44,994 44,888 44,829

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,995 35,185 35,340 34,833 34,940 34,815 34,963 35,014 35,172

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,483 9,714 9,852 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,176 122,303 122,466 119,681 121,053 121,589 122,024 121,839 122,024

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,760 26,677 27,250 27,690 27,667 27,265 26,916 26,969 27,183

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,773 7,297 7,620 7,674 7,119 7,124 7,187 7,314 7,423

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.9 5.1 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,507 5,534 5,283 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,715 9,262 9,469 9,692 9,550 9,593 9,569 9,176 9,443

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Oct.

2014

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

June

2015

July

2015

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 8,983 7,915 7,908 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 1,094 911 888 18.7 18.1 16.2 16.9 16.3 15.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 466 350 349 22.3 18.3 17.4 18.5 17.7 18.2

18 to 19 years.................................. 636 577 539 16.8 18.2 15.9 16.0 15.9 14.8

20 years and over................................ 7,889 7,004 7,020 5.2 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,661 1,405 1,452 10.5 9.9 10.1 8.9 9.1 9.4

25 years and over.............................. 6,306 5,571 5,607 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1

25 to 54 years............................... 4,937 4,207 4,424 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.4

25 to 34 years............................. 2,133 1,756 1,850 6.2 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.3

35 to 44 years............................. 1,439 1,310 1,352 4.4 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.1

45 to 54 years............................. 1,366 1,142 1,222 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.6

55 years and over........................... 1,385 1,340 1,212 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.5

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,664 4,267 4,282 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 570 477 473 19.5 20.4 17.5 17.7 16.8 16.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 269 187 196 25.5 19.5 18.7 18.7 18.9 20.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 318 304 281 16.7 21.4 17.4 17.3 16.3 15.0

20 years and over................................ 4,094 3,790 3,809 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 849 814 849 10.4 10.9 11.0 9.8 10.3 10.6

25 years and over.............................. 3,285 2,954 2,976 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

25 to 54 years............................... 2,512 2,210 2,341 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3

25 to 34 years............................. 1,113 967 1,037 6.0 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.5

35 to 44 years............................. 727 647 670 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.8

45 to 54 years............................. 672 597 635 3.8 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.6

55 years and over........................... 772 744 635 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.4

Women, 16 years and over........................ 4,318 3,648 3,627 5.9 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 524 433 415 17.8 15.8 15.0 16.1 15.7 15.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 197 163 153 19.0 17.2 16.1 18.3 16.4 16.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 319 273 259 17.0 15.2 14.5 14.6 15.5 14.5

20 years and over................................ 3,794 3,214 3,211 5.4 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 811 592 603 10.7 8.8 9.2 7.9 7.9 8.1

25 years and over.............................. 3,022 2,617 2,631 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.2

25 to 54 years............................... 2,425 1,997 2,083 5.2 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.4

25 to 34 years............................. 1,019 789 813 6.4 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.1

35 to 44 years............................. 712 663 682 4.8 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.5

45 to 54 years............................. 694 545 588 4.3 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.4 3.7

55 years and over........................... 593 604 566 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,388 1,276 1,282 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,273 1,090 1,071 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0

Women who maintain families1

.................... 904 739 795 8.7 7.8 8.0 8.1 7.1 7.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 7,594 6,585 6,617 6.0 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.1

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,451 1,358 1,328 5.0 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.7

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2014

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

June

2015

July

2015

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,995 3,509 3,576 4,349 4,088 4,143 4,070 3,908 3,965

On temporary layoff.............................. 593 574 645 847 1,052 999 1,001 899 933

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 3,402 2,935 2,931 3,501 3,035 3,145 3,069 3,009 3,031

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,458 2,121 2,077 2,505 2,126 2,224 2,147 2,160 2,132

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 944 813 854 997 909 921 922 849 899

Job leavers........................................... 803 849 801 782 773 843 790 780 789

Reentrants............................................ 2,863 2,474 2,445 2,856 2,516 2,447 2,349 2,436 2,430

New entrants......................................... 1,019 796 775 1,058 933 826 850 831 807

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 46.0 46.0 47.1 48.1 49.2 50.2 50.5 49.1 49.6

On temporary layoff.............................. 6.8 7.5 8.5 9.4 12.7 12.1 12.4 11.3 11.7

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 39.2 38.5 38.6 38.7 36.5 38.1 38.1 37.8 37.9

Job leavers........................................... 9.3 11.1 10.5 8.6 9.3 10.2 9.8 9.8 9.9

Reentrants............................................ 33.0 32.4 32.2 31.6 30.3 29.6 29.1 30.6 30.4

New entrants......................................... 11.7 10.4 10.2 11.7 11.2 10.0 10.6 10.5 10.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5

New entrants......................................... 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2014

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

June

2015

July

2015

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,283 2,324 2,160 2,455 2,355 2,488 2,095 2,363 2,326

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,146 2,096 2,136 2,322 2,364 2,257 2,374 2,218 2,311

15 weeks and over.................................. 4,251 3,207 3,301 4,321 3,514 3,368 3,437 3,318 3,360

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,413 1,143 1,211 1,416 1,393 1,188 1,250 1,214 1,218

27 weeks and over............................... 2,838 2,064 2,090 2,904 2,121 2,180 2,187 2,104 2,142

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 33.8 26.2 28.9 32.9 28.1 28.3 28.4 26.3 28.0

Median duration, in weeks......................... 14.0 11.4 11.7 13.5 11.3 11.3 12.1 11.4 11.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 26.3 30.5 28.4 27.0 28.6 30.7 26.5 29.9 29.1

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 24.7 27.5 28.1 25.5 28.7 27.8 30.0 28.1 28.9

15 weeks and over.................................. 49.0 42.0 43.5 47.5 42.7 41.5 43.5 42.0 42.0

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 16.3 15.0 15.9 15.6 16.9 14.6 15.8 15.4 15.2

27 weeks and over............................... 32.7 27.1 27.5 31.9 25.8 26.9 27.7 26.6 26.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 147,936 149,716 8,680 7,597 5.5 4.8

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 56,759 58,456 1,582 1,312 2.7 2.2

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 23,365 24,387 643 552 2.7 2.2

Professional and related occupations.......................... 33,394 34,070 939 760 2.7 2.2

Service occupations................................................ 26,146 25,890 2,076 1,800 7.4 6.5

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,259 33,273 1,817 1,688 5.2 4.8

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,504 15,330 847 858 5.2 5.3

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,755 17,943 970 831 5.2 4.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,867 14,036 967 887 6.5 5.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,077 1,106 122 137 10.2 11.0

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,813 7,773 650 592 7.7 7.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,977 5,156 195 158 3.8 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,906 18,061 1,184 1,112 6.2 5.8

Production occupations.......................................... 8,671 8,579 554 429 6.0 4.8

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,235 9,482 630 683 6.4 6.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 8,680 7,597 5.5 4.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 6,580 5,860 5.4 4.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 53 89 4.5 9.4

Construction.......................................................................... 542 534 6.4 6.2

Manufacturing........................................................................ 658 634 4.3 4.0

Durable goods..................................................................... 424 409 4.4 4.1

Nondurable goods................................................................ 235 225 4.1 3.8

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,031 1,006 5.1 5.0

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 295 269 4.5 4.1

Information............................................................................ 139 82 4.7 3.0

Financial activities................................................................... 331 227 3.6 2.4

Professional and business services............................................... 1,004 873 6.5 5.4

Education and health services..................................................... 1,011 791 4.4 3.4

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,169 1,080 8.5 8.0

Other services........................................................................ 348 275 5.2 4.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 134 130 7.6 7.4

Government workers................................................................... 564 506 2.7 2.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 384 326 3.8 3.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2014

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

June

2015

July

2015

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015

Oct.

2015

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.7 2.0 2.1 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.5 4.9 4.8 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 6.0 5.3 5.2 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.4

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.8 6.0 6.0 7.1 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.2

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 11.1 9.6 9.5 11.5 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.0 9.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2014

Oct.

2015

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 92,041 94,228 37,037 37,902 55,004 56,326

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,122 5,703 2,852 2,604 3,269 3,099

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 2,192 1,916 1,154 1,017 1,038 899

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 770 665 480 375 290 290

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,423 1,250 674 642 748 609

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,773 7,620 3,805 3,741 3,968 3,879

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.7 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,089 4,084 2,386 2,223 1,704 1,861

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,172 2,045 691 688 1,482 1,358

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 227 196 126 137 100 59

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,233 1,249 574 667 660 582

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Change

from:

Sept.2015

-

Oct.2015p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,000 142,062 142,587 143,739 139,840 142,246 142,383 142,654 271

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,729 121,180 120,711 121,366 117,957 120,249 120,398 120,666 268

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,638 19,930 19,817 19,819 19,349 19,537 19,527 19,554 27

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 831 816 808 911 820 807 803 -4

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 56.3 54.7 55.2 52.3 53.7 52.1 52.5 0.4

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864.0 774.3 761.2 753.0 858.9 766.2 755.1 750.6 -4.5

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.3 193.2 190.4 187.3 201.5 191.7 190.1 187.4 -2.7

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210.3 202.8 199.2 198.0 206.9 197.1 195.3 195.0 -0.3

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.0 67.7 66.6 66.2 73.5 67.4 66.7 66.6 -0.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.4 378.3 371.6 367.7 450.5 377.4 369.7 368.2 -1.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,437 6,683 6,629 6,665 6,201 6,391 6,403 6,434 31

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,411.5 1,457.3 1,443.6 1,448.7 1,374.1 1,408.6 1,412.3 1,413.7 1.4

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692.9 718.9 713.7 717.6 673.3 694.4 696.0 698.4 2.4

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718.6 738.4 729.9 731.1 700.8 714.2 716.3 715.3 -1.0

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 988.6 1,012.0 1,005.1 1,008.3 924.2 945.2 940.1 944.9 4.8

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,037.2 4,213.8 4,180.3 4,207.6 3,902.8 4,037.2 4,050.7 4,075.4 24.7

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,755.3 1,844.3 1,828.3 1,832.7 1,695.8 1,761.7 1,766.2 1,769.8 3.6

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,281.9 2,369.5 2,352.0 2,374.9 2,207.0 2,275.5 2,284.5 2,305.6 21.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,281 12,416 12,372 12,346 12,237 12,326 12,317 12,317 0

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,749 7,830 7,799 7,787 7,740 7,792 7,788 7,785 -3

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.9 384.3 383.4 384.6 376.4 378.8 381.4 382.5 1.1

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.4 412.2 408.6 410.4 390.3 402.9 402.9 404.7 1.8

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.1 397.3 395.6 393.6 403.2 396.9 395.1 393.6 -1.5

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,466.9 1,461.1 1,452.3 1,447.5 1,462.0 1,456.0 1,451.0 1,446.1 -4.9

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,138.4 1,124.2 1,117.5 1,113.3 1,141.7 1,122.8 1,119.1 1,114.8 -4.3

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,050.9 1,060.8 1,052.3 1,052.4 1,052.1 1,055.6 1,052.7 1,053.9 1.2

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 166.1 173.2 171.5 171.0 165.6 171.1 170.9 171.1 0.2

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.9 88.1 87.3 87.3 91.8 88.1 87.5 87.4 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.5 370.5 366.5 366.9 368.7 368.6 367.0 367.7 0.7

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.6 393.0 391.0 391.6 388.2 391.9 391.4 392.2 0.8

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 372.4 376.1 374.2 373.4 371.9 374.1 374.0 373.2 -0.8

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,575.6 1,619.5 1,623.8 1,617.8 1,577.5 1,617.6 1,622.5 1,622.8 0.3

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890.2 934.2 938.2 935.7 891.0 932.7 936.7 937.9 1.2

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.5 393.6 394.5 394.5 380.8 389.4 393.3 395.9 2.6

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586.9 600.7 596.3 599.9 584.0 598.2 595.9 597.2 1.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,532 4,586 4,573 4,559 4,497 4,534 4,529 4,532 3

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,494.0 1,523.4 1,517.9 1,503.4 1,472.7 1,489.5 1,486.6 1,487.9 1.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.5 117.2 116.9 116.4 117.2 117.0 116.7 116.5 -0.2

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.0 115.2 115.3 116.4 115.5 114.8 115.0 115.5 0.5

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.0 136.9 137.1 137.3 139.0 136.9 136.3 136.2 -0.1

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.2 368.5 366.9 367.0 368.5 367.0 367.4 367.4 0.0

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 451.4 444.6 443.1 445.8 450.2 444.3 443.4 444.5 1.1

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.6 114.4 115.1 114.7 110.7 112.1 112.9 112.9 0.0

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.7 815.9 812.1 809.8 809.8 813.2 812.3 810.7 -1.6

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677.8 691.1 688.1 688.7 674.8 688.1 687.2 687.9 0.7

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.3 258.8 260.3 259.2 238.7 251.4 251.6 252.4 0.8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,091 101,250 100,894 101,547 98,608 100,712 100,871 101,112 241

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,629 26,955 26,885 27,130 26,517 26,979 26,991 27,042 51

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,863.8 5,948.6 5,919.7 5,938.4 5,853.2 5,920.4 5,920.7 5,930.4 9.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,925.8 2,965.5 2,945.9 2,955.1 2,921.1 2,950.0 2,949.1 2,952.3 3.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,032.1 2,069.9 2,065.3 2,067.9 2,026.8 2,059.6 2,061.8 2,063.3 1.5

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.9 913.2 908.5 915.4 905.3 910.8 909.8 914.8 5.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,489.3 15,689.8 15,582.7 15,797.2 15,436.3 15,700.1 15,705.9 15,749.7 43.8

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,884.2 1,955.2 1,951.6 1,955.9 1,870.9 1,937.1 1,939.6 1,946.5 6.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Change

from:

Sept.2015

-

Oct.2015p

Motor vehicle and parts dealers - Continued

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,201.6 1,241.4 1,244.3 1,250.7 1,192.6 1,234.2 1,238.6 1,244.2 5.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 466.1 463.9 463.4 469.9 461.0 469.1 467.5 464.1 -3.4

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 499.8 495.2 500.6 517.2 491.1 507.7 509.3 509.0 -0.3

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,221.2 1,263.3 1,242.6 1,243.1 1,238.2 1,260.2 1,259.4 1,263.3 3.9

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,019.3 3,057.5 3,039.5 3,054.0 3,014.6 3,042.7 3,044.9 3,047.6 2.7

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029.0 1,024.7 1,021.6 1,026.3 1,023.6 1,026.2 1,026.9 1,023.3 -3.6

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888.0 922.9 910.4 912.7 885.7 905.8 906.6 910.8 4.2

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,367.2 1,396.6 1,351.7 1,410.8 1,359.6 1,400.4 1,388.3 1,407.8 19.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621.3 591.2 594.6 603.1 612.6 599.9 600.2 597.7 -2.5

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,120.3 3,149.7 3,138.0 3,194.1 3,138.2 3,184.8 3,194.1 3,205.2 11.1

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,336.1 1,298.9 1,286.4 1,313.1 1,351.6 1,324.1 1,324.5 1,324.8 0.3

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.5 836.1 831.3 852.2 828.0 824.7 825.8 828.3 2.5

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525.4 533.5 537.4 557.9 512.8 541.5 543.3 546.1 2.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,721.9 4,747.2 4,817.7 4,828.9 4,674.2 4,793.4 4,798.3 4,796.2 -2.1

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.9 454.4 452.9 453.7 445.9 451.4 452.7 454.7 2.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239.1 238.7 238.7 239.2 238.0 239.5 239.5 239.3 -0.2

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 65.4 64.1 62.8 66.3 63.5 63.3 62.5 -0.8

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,447.3 1,478.9 1,474.3 1,472.6 1,426.5 1,457.4 1,454.2 1,454.6 0.4

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.1 412.4 485.3 490.1 469.8 475.4 473.2 472.1 -1.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.4 50.0 50.3 50.2 47.5 49.9 50.2 50.2 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 31.6 42.4 38.3 33.4 31.2 33.5 33.1 32.9 -0.2

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 635.7 653.9 653.3 650.1 630.1 650.9 653.4 645.9 -7.5

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571.1 571.1 576.6 580.9 578.3 594.4 597.1 597.3 0.2

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750.5 780.0 783.9 795.9 740.6 777.5 781.6 786.7 5.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.1 568.9 565.0 565.2 553.3 565.3 565.6 565.3 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,753 2,808 2,790 2,797 2,754 2,790 2,801 2,800 -1

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 723.3 719.8 719.4 717.5 721.7 717.3 717.7 716.4 -1.3

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.4 399.1 380.1 387.0 375.8 385.6 390.9 392.0 1.1

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287.3 287.3 289.8 288.3 286.1 287.8 288.4 287.6 -0.8

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861.8 863.1 862.6 863.4 862.0 862.7 864.0 863.6 -0.4

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284.5 297.8 298.3 298.9 284.0 298.4 299.5 299.3 -0.2

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.7 240.6 239.5 242.0 224.1 238.6 240.0 240.9 0.9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,025 8,216 8,163 8,169 8,014 8,156 8,156 8,161 5

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,961.1 6,077.6 6,054.0 6,068.5 5,956.4 6,060.0 6,060.9 6,066.9 6.0

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.4 18.6 18.5 18.6 18.4 18.5 18.5 18.5 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,561.1 2,590.0 2,574.5 2,573.3 2,560.0 2,580.0 2,575.8 2,574.7 -1.1

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,698.2 1,703.1 1,689.9 1,689.6 1,699.1 1,696.2 1,693.8 1,691.9 -1.9

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,283.4 1,276.9 1,266.7 1,265.2 1,284.5 1,272.9 1,270.2 1,268.2 -2.0

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 889.3 911.4 903.8 909.9 890.3 906.0 907.1 909.2 2.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,492.3 2,557.6 2,557.2 2,566.7 2,487.7 2,555.5 2,559.5 2,564.5 5.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,064.0 2,138.6 2,108.5 2,100.1 2,057.1 2,095.8 2,095.4 2,094.5 -0.9

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,496.2 1,548.5 1,529.8 1,533.8 1,490.9 1,525.7 1,524.7 1,530.0 5.3

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.3 566.3 555.3 542.6 542.7 546.6 547.4 540.9 -6.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.5 23.8 23.4 23.7 23.5 23.5 23.3 23.6 0.3

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,463 19,965 19,913 20,114 19,271 19,824 19,857 19,935 78

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 8,406.6 8,669.9 8,608.7 8,706.6 8,415.2 8,689.2 8,698.2 8,725.1 26.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,118.8 1,124.3 1,119.1 1,127.4 1,117.3 1,121.3 1,125.1 1,125.8 0.7

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 911.6 946.6 941.3 958.5 969.6 1,010.5 1,015.0 1,018.4 3.4

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,403.2 1,445.0 1,432.9 1,444.9 1,393.8 1,427.2 1,427.8 1,436.1 8.3

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,805.4 1,893.3 1,878.5 1,906.5 1,795.6 1,884.0 1,889.6 1,899.5 9.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Change

from:

Sept.2015

-

Oct.2015p

Professional and technical services -

Continued

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,278.4 1,326.0 1,313.3 1,332.7 1,266.2 1,319.9 1,315.3 1,322.3 7.0

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,177.2 2,239.5 2,229.1 2,236.6 2,178.2 2,228.9 2,232.3 2,237.6 5.3

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,879.3 9,055.3 9,075.5 9,170.8 8,677.5 8,906.3 8,926.7 8,972.7 46.0

Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . . 8,490.6 8,651.2 8,672.7 8,770.0 8,291.5 8,509.6 8,528.0 8,573.7 45.7

Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,608.6 3,626.5 3,661.7 3,735.1 3,486.1 3,584.4 3,589.0 3,613.2 24.2

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,924.9 2,933.2 2,967.4 3,031.8 2,811.5 2,900.6 2,903.2 2,927.7 24.5

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.4 901.3 910.2 932.9 890.4 913.3 916.3 921.2 4.9

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,997.6 2,108.3 2,073.5 2,061.9 1,952.6 2,002.2 2,006.2 2,015.0 8.8

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.7 404.1 402.8 400.8 386.0 396.7 398.7 399.0 0.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,816 21,793 22,086 22,431 21,613 22,133 22,179 22,236 57

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,593.8 3,150.7 3,401.8 3,613.2 3,444.2 3,462.1 3,461.5 3,461.7 0.2

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,222.2 18,642.3 18,684.2 18,818.1 18,168.3 18,670.7 18,717.8 18,774.5 56.7

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,811.6 15,203.2 15,210.5 15,301.4 14,775.5 15,183.9 15,225.4 15,270.3 44.9

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 6,732.6 6,952.8 6,951.2 7,012.1 6,707.6 6,947.1 6,962.9 6,989.8 26.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,491.8 2,567.3 2,568.9 2,589.4 2,484.3 2,566.5 2,574.6 2,582.9 8.3

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720.6 748.0 748.5 752.9 718.9 747.8 750.4 752.1 1.7

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,286.1 1,330.7 1,336.0 1,352.8 1,278.4 1,332.5 1,335.5 1,343.6 8.1

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,805.4 4,929.2 4,945.8 4,971.1 4,796.4 4,926.2 4,945.4 4,963.2 17.8

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,273.6 3,321.2 3,313.5 3,318.2 3,271.5 3,310.6 3,317.1 3,317.3 0.2

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,653.3 1,663.7 1,661.9 1,665.3 1,652.0 1,659.5 1,662.2 1,663.2 1.0

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,410.6 3,439.1 3,473.7 3,516.7 3,392.8 3,486.8 3,492.4 3,504.2 11.8

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871.9 827.6 873.8 891.9 855.6 874.0 874.6 877.3 2.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,813 15,836 15,425 15,251 14,850 15,191 15,242 15,283 41

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,088.4 2,435.7 2,239.7 2,141.0 2,125.2 2,164.5 2,176.6 2,176.2 -0.4

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 462.0 504.2 495.7 482.7 459.2 475.1 479.2 477.8 -1.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.5 158.1 149.7 149.4 145.6 147.5 148.2 148.9 0.7

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,480.9 1,773.4 1,594.3 1,508.9 1,520.4 1,541.9 1,549.2 1,549.5 0.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,724.9 13,399.8 13,185.1 13,110.3 12,724.5 13,026.8 13,065.1 13,106.6 41.5

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,879.8 2,041.6 1,945.4 1,891.6 1,888.0 1,899.8 1,902.7 1,902.2 -0.5

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,845.1 11,358.2 11,239.7 11,218.7 10,836.5 11,127.0 11,162.4 11,204.4 42.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,592 5,677 5,632 5,655 5,589 5,639 5,645 5,655 10

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,246.5 1,275.9 1,270.3 1,280.6 1,240.5 1,270.1 1,267.4 1,276.3 8.9

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376.4 1,396.0 1,394.5 1,401.2 1,377.0 1,390.6 1,395.9 1,401.0 5.1

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,969.3 3,005.5 2,967.6 2,973.0 2,971.6 2,978.3 2,982.0 2,977.4 -4.6

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,271 20,882 21,876 22,373 21,883 21,997 21,985 21,988 3

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,726.0 2,750.0 2,739.0 2,731.0 2,720.0 2,737.0 2,735.0 2,733.0 -2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,133.9 2,157.6 2,145.3 2,137.7 2,132.1 2,140.5 2,139.1 2,138.6 -0.5

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591.7 592.6 593.8 593.1 588.2 596.0 595.6 594.3 -1.3

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,237.0 4,793.0 5,124.0 5,272.0 5,067.0 5,093.0 5,099.0 5,104.0 5.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,593.5 2,137.7 2,483.3 2,630.5 2,414.5 2,447.3 2,453.4 2,455.8 2.4

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,643.8 2,655.5 2,640.8 2,641.6 2,652.7 2,645.6 2,646.0 2,647.7 1.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,308.0 13,339.0 14,013.0 14,370.0 14,096.0 14,167.0 14,151.0 14,151.0 0.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,053.5 6,832.9 7,681.2 8,071.3 7,799.5 7,846.0 7,817.3 7,815.5 -1.8

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,254.7 6,505.8 6,332.2 6,298.7 6,296.4 6,321.2 6,333.3 6,335.7 2.4

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.6 34.6 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.5 40.4 40.1 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.0 43.9 44.1 44.1

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 39.1 38.6 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.9 40.8 40.6 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.4 41.2 40.9 40.9

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.0 40.3 40.1 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.4 33.4 33.4 33.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.6 34.7 34.8 34.6

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.8 38.7 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.4 31.5 31.7 31.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 39.0 39.0 39.0

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.6 42.5 42.8

Information......................................................................... 36.7 36.3 36.0 36.1

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.6 37.7 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.3 36.2 36.1 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.9 32.8 32.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.2 26.3 26.3 26.3

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.9 31.8 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Total private............................................... $24.59 $25.10 $25.11 $25.20 $850.81 $868.46 $866.30 $869.40

Goods-producing....................................... 25.84 26.33 26.30 26.38 1,046.52 1,063.73 1,054.63 1,068.39

Mining and logging.................................. 30.92 31.41 31.39 31.40 1,391.40 1,378.90 1,384.30 1,384.74

Construction.......................................... 26.85 27.46 27.35 27.54 1,049.84 1,073.69 1,055.71 1,093.34

Manufacturing........................................ 24.93 25.40 25.42 25.44 1,019.64 1,036.32 1,032.05 1,035.41

Durable goods.................................... 26.28 26.74 26.71 26.73 1,087.99 1,101.69 1,092.44 1,093.26

Nondurable goods................................ 22.53 23.05 23.17 23.18 901.20 928.92 929.12 931.84

Private service-providing.............................. 24.29 24.81 24.83 24.92 811.29 828.65 829.32 832.33

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.46 21.88 21.88 22.01 742.52 759.24 761.42 761.55

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.10 28.82 28.78 29.00 1,093.09 1,118.22 1,113.79 1,125.20

Retail trade........................................ 17.12 17.55 17.62 17.66 537.57 552.83 558.55 554.52

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.90 22.77 22.81 22.93 886.23 888.03 889.59 894.27

Utilities............................................. 35.69 37.59 37.27 37.47 1,520.39 1,601.33 1,583.98 1,603.72

Information........................................... 34.15 35.10 35.17 35.36 1,253.31 1,274.13 1,266.12 1,276.50

Financial activities................................... 30.91 31.60 31.67 31.69 1,156.03 1,188.16 1,193.96 1,191.54

Professional and business services.............. 29.42 30.16 30.24 30.30 1,067.95 1,091.79 1,091.66 1,096.86

Education and health services..................... 24.83 25.30 25.30 25.39 814.42 832.37 829.84 832.79

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.11 14.40 14.39 14.46 369.68 378.72 378.46 380.30

Other services....................................... 22.11 22.42 22.47 22.49 703.10 715.20 714.55 717.43

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2015 -

Oct.

2015p

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2015 -

Oct.

2015p

Total private..................................... 102.0 104.0 103.8 104.1 0.3 119.7 124.6 124.4 125.2 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 89.3 89.9 89.2 90.2 1.1 104.3 107.0 106.0 107.6 1.5

Mining and logging........................ 128.8 113.1 111.8 111.3 -0.4 159.9 142.6 140.9 140.3 -0.4

Construction................................ 83.6 86.1 85.2 88.1 3.4 97.5 102.8 101.2 105.4 4.2

Manufacturing.............................. 90.0 90.5 90.0 90.2 0.2 104.4 106.9 106.4 106.7 0.3

Durable goods........................... 90.2 90.4 89.7 89.6 -0.1 105.3 107.3 106.4 106.4 0.0

Nondurable goods...................... 89.8 91.2 90.6 90.9 0.3 102.6 106.6 106.6 106.9 0.3

Private service-providing.................... 105.4 107.6 107.8 108.1 0.3 124.1 129.5 129.8 130.6 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 99.8 101.8 102.2 101.8 -0.4 115.3 119.9 120.3 120.6 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 99.3 100.2 100.0 100.4 0.4 116.5 120.5 120.1 121.5 1.2

Retail trade.............................. 98.5 100.5 101.1 100.5 -0.6 111.4 116.6 117.8 117.3 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 103.5 107.0 107.1 107.1 0.0 120.3 123.6 124.0 124.6 0.5

Utilities.................................... 102.0 104.2 104.0 104.7 0.7 120.3 129.4 128.1 129.6 1.2

Information................................. 92.3 92.5 92.1 92.3 0.2 112.2 115.6 115.3 116.2 0.8

Financial activities......................... 98.2 100.4 100.7 100.5 -0.2 118.3 123.8 124.4 124.2 -0.2

Professional and business services..... 110.0 112.9 112.7 113.5 0.7 131.1 137.9 138.1 139.3 0.9

Education and health services........... 113.8 116.9 116.8 117.1 0.3 133.1 139.3 139.2 140.0 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 111.0 114.0 114.4 114.7 0.3 126.4 132.4 132.8 133.8 0.8

Other services............................. 98.5 99.7 99.5 99.9 0.4 123.6 126.8 126.8 127.6 0.6

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Total nonfarm............................................. 69,041 70,302 70,358 70,516 49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private............................................ 56,545 57,696 57,752 57,905 47.9 48.0 48.0 48.0

Goods-producing.................................... 4,249 4,279 4,272 4,274 22.0 21.9 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 122 113 113 112 13.4 13.8 14.0 13.9

Construction....................................... 792 808 808 806 12.8 12.6 12.6 12.5

Manufacturing..................................... 3,335 3,358 3,351 3,356 27.3 27.2 27.2 27.2

Durable goods.................................. 1,790 1,814 1,813 1,812 23.1 23.3 23.3 23.3

Nondurable goods............................. 1,545 1,544 1,538 1,544 34.4 34.1 34.0 34.1

Private service-providing........................... 52,296 53,417 53,480 53,631 53.0 53.0 53.0 53.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,746 10,937 10,923 10,972 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.6

Wholesale trade................................ 1,722.7 1,738.0 1,737.0 1,738.0 29.4 29.4 29.3 29.3

Retail trade..................................... 7,781.1 7,928.4 7,921.1 7,971.1 50.4 50.5 50.4 50.6

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,109.0 1,134.7 1,129.2 1,127.4 23.7 23.7 23.5 23.5

Utilities........................................... 133.4 136.1 135.3 135.2 24.1 24.1 23.9 23.9

Information......................................... 1,103 1,120 1,121 1,120 40.1 40.1 40.0 40.0

Financial activities................................ 4,591 4,652 4,653 4,657 57.3 57.0 57.1 57.1

Professional and business services............ 8,599 8,846 8,881 8,920 44.6 44.6 44.7 44.7

Education and health services.................. 16,610 17,037 17,060 17,115 76.9 77.0 76.9 77.0

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,721 7,874 7,886 7,893 52.0 51.8 51.7 51.6

Other services..................................... 2,926 2,951 2,956 2,954 52.4 52.3 52.4 52.2

Government............................................. 12,496 12,606 12,606 12,611 57.1 57.3 57.3 57.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Total private............................................................................... 97,388 99,145 99,240 99,439

Goods-producing....................................................................... 13,943 14,092 14,079 14,109

Mining and logging.................................................................. 669 600 585 584

Construction.......................................................................... 4,673 4,818 4,828 4,854

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,601 8,674 8,666 8,671

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,332 5,370 5,369 5,370

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,269 3,304 3,297 3,301

Private service-providing.............................................................. 83,445 85,053 85,161 85,330

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,374 22,692 22,689 22,715

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,727.9 4,746.2 4,750.1 4,752.4

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,157.4 13,342.0 13,338.0 13,366.4

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,043.0 4,149.1 4,148.4 4,143.5

Utilities.............................................................................. 446.1 454.7 452.9 452.5

Information............................................................................ 2,234 2,265 2,272 2,272

Financial activities................................................................... 6,186 6,299 6,301 6,309

Professional and business services............................................... 15,935 16,271 16,300 16,363

Education and health services..................................................... 18,982 19,432 19,470 19,514

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,098 13,403 13,432 13,461

Other services........................................................................ 4,636 4,691 4,697 4,696

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.7 33.6 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.5 41.2 40.9 41.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.6 45.5 45.4 45.5

Construction....................................................................... 39.6 39.6 38.8 40.2

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.1 41.8 41.7 41.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.6 42.1 41.9 42.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 41.4 41.5 41.4

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.6

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.6

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.0 30.1 30.3 30.0

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 38.7 38.8 38.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.4 42.3 42.3

Information......................................................................... 36.1 35.8 35.6 35.6

Financial activities................................................................ 36.8 37.1 37.1 37.1

Professional and business services............................................ 35.6 35.5 35.2 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.0 32.1 32.1 32.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.1 25.0 25.1 25.0

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.7 30.6 30.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.6 4.3 4.1 4.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Total private............................................... $20.72 $21.09 $21.09 $21.18 $698.26 $710.73 $708.62 $713.77

Goods-producing....................................... 21.71 22.03 21.98 22.15 900.97 907.64 898.98 917.01

Mining and logging.................................. 27.12 26.56 26.67 26.69 1,290.91 1,208.48 1,210.82 1,214.40

Construction.......................................... 24.81 25.25 25.02 25.40 982.48 999.90 970.78 1,021.08

Manufacturing........................................ 19.65 20.00 20.06 20.06 827.27 836.00 836.50 838.51

Durable goods.................................... 20.74 21.06 21.05 21.07 883.52 886.63 882.00 884.94

Nondurable goods................................ 17.80 18.25 18.44 18.39 736.92 755.55 765.26 761.35

Private service-providing.............................. 20.51 20.89 20.90 20.98 664.52 676.84 677.16 679.75

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.38 18.69 18.71 18.75 617.57 629.85 632.40 630.00

Wholesale trade.................................. 23.32 23.71 23.68 23.81 897.82 912.84 911.68 919.07

Retail trade........................................ 14.51 14.86 14.95 14.90 435.30 447.29 452.99 447.00

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.63 20.69 20.67 20.71 792.19 800.70 802.00 803.55

Utilities............................................. 32.89 34.14 34.11 34.52 1,401.11 1,447.54 1,442.85 1,460.20

Information........................................... 28.54 28.96 28.83 29.03 1,030.29 1,036.77 1,026.35 1,033.47

Financial activities................................... 24.89 25.40 25.44 25.48 915.95 942.34 943.82 945.31

Professional and business services.............. 24.35 24.85 24.94 25.02 866.86 882.18 877.89 885.71

Education and health services..................... 21.78 22.15 22.15 22.24 696.96 711.02 711.02 713.90

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.26 12.45 12.46 12.51 307.73 311.25 312.75 312.75

Other services....................................... 18.61 18.96 18.99 19.01 571.33 582.07 581.09 581.71

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2015 -

Oct.

2015p

Oct.

2014

Aug.

2015

Sept.

2015p

Oct.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2015 -

Oct.

2015p

Total private..................................... 109.4 111.3 111.1 111.7 0.5 151.4 156.9 156.6 158.1 1.0

Goods-producing............................. 88.4 88.7 88.0 89.3 1.5 117.6 119.7 118.4 121.1 2.3

Mining and logging........................ 169.2 145.1 141.1 141.2 0.1 266.9 224.1 218.9 219.2 0.1

Construction................................ 92.7 95.5 93.8 97.7 4.2 124.1 130.2 126.7 134.0 5.8

Manufacturing.............................. 83.1 83.2 83.0 83.2 0.2 106.8 108.9 108.8 109.2 0.4

Durable goods........................... 85.4 84.9 84.5 84.7 0.2 110.5 111.7 111.1 111.5 0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 79.7 80.6 80.6 80.5 -0.1 100.3 103.9 105.1 104.6 -0.5

Private service-providing.................... 115.2 117.4 117.5 117.8 0.3 162.0 168.2 168.4 169.4 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 104.8 106.6 106.9 106.4 -0.5 137.4 142.1 142.7 142.3 -0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 107.2 107.6 107.7 108.0 0.3 147.3 150.3 150.2 151.5 0.9

Retail trade.............................. 99.9 101.7 102.3 101.5 -0.8 124.3 129.5 131.1 129.6 -1.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 116.9 120.9 121.2 121.0 -0.2 152.9 158.6 158.9 159.0 0.1

Utilities.................................... 97.2 98.6 98.0 97.9 -0.1 133.4 140.5 139.5 141.0 1.1

Information................................. 92.0 92.5 92.3 92.3 0.0 130.0 132.7 131.8 132.7 0.7

Financial activities......................... 107.2 110.0 110.0 110.2 0.2 164.1 171.9 172.2 172.7 0.3

Professional and business services..... 127.1 129.5 128.6 129.8 0.9 184.2 191.4 190.8 193.3 1.3

Education and health services........... 129.6 133.1 133.4 133.7 0.2 186.3 194.6 194.9 196.2 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 120.4 122.7 123.5 123.3 -0.2 167.7 173.5 174.7 175.1 0.2

Other services............................. 99.8 101.0 100.8 100.8 0.0 135.3 139.5 139.5 139.6 0.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.