For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, May 31, 2012 USDL-12-1069

Technical Information: (202) 691-5618 • dipsweb@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lpc 

Media Contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY: 

SELECTED SERVICE-PROVIDING AND MINING INDUSTRIES, 2010

Labor productivity – defined as output per hour – rose in 69 percent of the 52 service-providing and 

mining industries studied in 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was up from 

42 percent in 2009. Unit labor costs, which reflect the total labor costs required to produce a unit of 

output, declined in 46 percent of the industries in 2010, compared to 35 percent in 2009. 

Productivity increased in more industries in 2010 than in any year since 2003, while output rose in more 

industries than in any year since 2007. The number of industries with increases in output and the number 

of industries with increases in hours both rose in 2010 after declining in 2007, 2008, and 2009. (See 

chart 1.) However, declining hours continued to contribute to productivity gains for many industries. Of 

the industries with productivity increases in 2010, 72 percent registered output increases, while 86 

percent posted declines in labor hours. (See table 1.)

Unit labor costs fell in 23 of 47 service-providing industries, the most since 2003, but in only 1 of the 5 

mining industries in 2010. 

Industry labor productivity measures are updated as data become available. Productivity measures for 

industries in other sectors can be accessed on the BLS Labor Productivity and Costs web site at 

www.bls.gov/lpc. 

0 

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Percent of Industries

Increasing Productivity Increasing Output Increasing Hours

Chart 1. Percent of service-providing and mining industries with increases in 

productivity, output, and hours, 2006-2010
Service-Providing Industries

Output per hour increased in 32 of the 47 industries studied. In most of these industries, productivity 

rose as output growth was accompanied by declines or more modest increases in hours. Several 

industries posted double-digit productivity gains as a result: local as well as long-distance general freight 

trucking; refrigerated warehousing and storage; radio and television broadcasting; wireless 

telecommunications carriers; and travel agencies.

In a few industries, productivity rose despite falling output. In industries such as postal service; couriers 

and messengers; video tape and disc rental; photofinishing; and newspaper, book, and directory 

publishers, rising labor productivity reflected declines in both labor hours and output, with hours falling 

more rapidly than output. 

Mining Industries

Output per hour rose in four of the five detailed mining industries studied; only coal mining posted a 

productivity decline. Productivity was particularly strong in the support activities for mining industry, 

where strong growth in output exceeded a large increase in labor hours. However, because support 

activities for mining are completely consumed by other mining industries, they are not included in the 

final output leaving the sector. After excluding support activities for mining, overall productivity for the 

mining sector declined slightly, as output grew more slowly than hours. 

Chart 2 shows the change in productivity in the 20 largest (by employment) service-providing and 

mining industries. Several industries in the transportation and warehousing sector, along with support 

activities for mining, recorded large increases in output per hour. 

14.3

12.7

10.1

7.9

6.6

4.6

4.3

3.8

3.3

2.6

2.3

2.1

1.8

1.5

1.3

-0.7

-1 

-2 

-2.3

-3.1

-10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0

General freight trucking, local

Support activities for mining

General freight trucking, long-distance

General warehousing and storage

Air transportation

Wired telecommunications carriers

Limited-service eating places

Newspaper, book, and directory publishers

Power generation and supply

Janitorial services

Automotive repair and maintenance

Traveler accommodation

Couriers and messengers

Postal service

Full-service restaurants

Special food services

Hair, nail and skin care services

Drinking places (alcoholic beverages)

Engineering services

Commercial banking

Percent change

Chart 2. Percent change in output per hour in the largest (by employment) service-providing 

and mining industries, 2009-2010

2
Long-Term Trends

Industry productivity performance over the long term contrasts with the performance in 2010. Between 

1987 and 2010, labor productivity increased in 87 percent of the detailed service-providing and mining 

industries, with over 70 percent of industries recording average productivity growth between 0.1 and 4.0 

percent per year. 

Chart 3 compares the distribution of productivity changes from 1987 to 2010 with those of the most 

recent year. In 2010, large productivity gains were more common than over the longer term; 35 percent 

of industries posted productivity gains of 6.1 percent or more, the most since 1998. 

Chart 3. Distribution of average annual percent change in output per hour, 1987-2010 and 2009-2010

New Industries and Improvements

With this release, productivity and cost measures are presented for the first time for two industries: 

travel arrangement and reservation services (NAICS 5615) and personal care services (NAICS 8121). 

Output per hour in the travel arrangement and reservation services industry rose at a rapid rate of 8.3 

percent per year on average between 1997 and 2010, and increased 11.8 percent in 2010. Output per 

hour in the personal care services industry increased 1.8 percent per year on average between 1987 and 

2010, but declined 2.2 percent in 2010. 

Also included in this release for the first time are improved productivity and cost measures for the 

commercial banking industry. The revised measures reflect a more comprehensive definition of banking 

output that covers a broader range of bank services – including loan securitization, investment banking, 

insurance provision, and other fee-based services – as well as improved weights for combining detailed 

banking services. Labor productivity in commercial banking grew at an average rate of 3.9 percent per 

year between 1987 and 2010, but declined 3.1 percent in 2010. A fuller discussion of the changes will 

be provided in a forthcoming article in the Monthly Labor Review (MLR). 

0

10

20

30

40

50

Percent of Industries

Average Annual Percent Change

1987-2010

0

10

20

30

40

50

Annual Percent Change

2009-2010

3
Technical Note

Labor Productivity: The industry labor productivity measures describe the relationship between 

industry output and the labor time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to 

period in the amount of goods and services produced per hour. Although the labor productivity measures 

relate output to hours of all persons in an industry, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor 

or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including 

changes in technology; capital investment; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the use of 

purchased services inputs, including contract employment services; the organization of production; 

managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the workforce.

Output: Industry output is measured as an annual-weighted index of the changes in the various products 

(in real terms) provided for sale outside the industry. Real industry output is usually derived by deflating 

nominal sales or values of production using BLS price indexes, but for some industries it is measured by 

physical quantities of output. 

Industry output measures are constructed primarily using data from the economic censuses and annual 

surveys of the U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, together with information on price 

changes primarily from BLS. Output measures for some mining and utilities industries are based on 

physical quantity data from the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, while 

output measures for some transportation industries are based on physical quantity data from the Bureau 

of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. Other data sources for some industries 

include the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior; the U.S. Postal Service; the Postal 

Rate Commission; and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. 

Labor Hours: The primary source of industry employment and hours data is the BLS Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. The CES provides monthly data on the number of total and 

nonsupervisory worker jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments, as well as data 

on the average weekly hours of nonsupervisory workers in those establishments. CES data are 

supplemented with data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) to estimate employment and hours of 

self-employed and unpaid family workers in each industry. Data from the CPS, together with CES data, 

are also used to estimate the historical average weekly hours of supervisory workers for each industry. 

CES and CPS data are supplemented or further disaggregated for some industries using data from the 

BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), the Census Bureau, or other sources. Other 

sources of employment and hours data for some service industries include the Association of American 

Railroads, the U.S. Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Postal Service. Hours of all persons in an 

industry are treated as homogeneous and are directly aggregated. 

Unit Labor Costs: Unit labor costs represent the cost of labor required to produce one unit of output. 

The unit labor cost indexes are computed by dividing an index of industry labor compensation by an 

index of real industry output. Unit labor costs also describe the relationship between compensation per 

hour and real output per hour (labor productivity). Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor 

costs; increases in labor productivity offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs. 

Compensation, defined as payroll plus supplemental payments, is a measure of the cost to the employer 

of securing the services of labor. Payroll includes salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, 

vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind. Supplemental payments include legally required 

expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally required portion consists primarily of 

Federal old age and survivors’ insurance, unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation. 

4
Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not specifically required by legislation, such as 

the employer portion of private health insurance and pension plans. 

Revisions: The measures in this news release incorporate data from the 2010 Service Annual Survey 

published by the Census Bureau. The labor productivity and output series for all industries have been 

revised for 2009 and earlier years as a result. This news release also incorporates the annual benchmark 

revision of the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey published in February 2012. All of the 

measures for 2010 in this release are preliminary and subject to revision.

Additional Information: The industries included in this release are classified according to the 2007 

NAICS. While the rates of change reported by BLS in this news release are rounded to one decimal 

place, all industry productivity percent changes are calculated using index numbers rounded to three 

decimal places. 

Year-to-year movements in industry productivity may be erratic, particularly in smaller industries. The 

annual measures based on sample data may differ from measures generated by a census of 

establishments in the industry. Annual changes in an industry’s output and use of labor may reflect 

cyclical changes in the economy as well as long-term trends. As a result, long-term productivity trends 

tend to be more reliable indicators of industry performance than year-to-year changes.

Industry productivity and related indexes; rates of change; and levels of industry employment, hours, 

nominal value of production and labor compensation can be accessed online by visiting the Labor 

Productivity and Costs web site at www.bls.gov/lpc. Additional information is available by calling the 

Division of Industry Productivity Studies (202-691-5618) or by sending an e-mail to dipsweb@bls.gov. 

Information in this report will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: 202-691-5618; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. 

To subscribe to the industry productivity program’s news releases, customers can register on the BLS 

website at https://subscriptions.bls.gov/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. 

5
Table 1. Percent change in output per hour, unit labor costs, and related data, 2009-2010

Industry NAICS

code

2010

Employment

(thousands)

Percent change, 2009-2010

Output

per hour Output Hours Laborcompensation

Unit labor

costs

Mining Industries

Mining.......................................................................... 21 676.9 -2.0 2.5 4.6 8.4 5.8

Oil and gas extraction........................................................ 211 163.1 8.7 2.8 -5.5 8.2 5.3

Oil and gas extraction........................................................ 2111 163.1 8.7 2.8 -5.5 8.2 5.3

Mining, except oil and gas................................................... 212 208.3 1.2 1.7 0.5 4.9 3.1

Coal mining.................................................................... 2121 81.0 -1.2 -1.3 -0.2 4.0 5.4

Metal ore mining.............................................................. 2122 37.0 3.4 10.0 6.4 13.6 3.3

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying................................. 2123 90.3 0.1 -0.8 -0.9 1.0 1.9

Support activities for mining................................................. 213 305.5 12.7 27.3 12.9 11.1 -12.7

Support activities for mining................................................. 2131 305.5 12.7 27.3 12.9 11.1 -12.7

Utilities

Power generation and supply................................................ 2211 398.0 3.3 1.5 -1.8 0.7 -0.8

Natural gas distribution....................................................... 2212 107.9 5.7 2.9 -2.7 -0.3 -3.1

Transportation and Warehousing

Air transportation.............................................................. 481 390.6 6.6 4.4 -2.1 3.5 -0.9

Line-haul railroads............................................................ 482111 172.0 8.1 12.8 4.4 6.0 -6.1

Truck transportation.......................................................... 484 1,444.0 8.8 6.5 -2.1 -0.3 -6.3

General freight trucking...................................................... 4841 1,043.6 11.0 7.9 -2.8 -1.9 -9.1

General freight trucking, local............................................... 48411 270.6 14.3 8.5 -5.1 0.3 -7.6

General freight trucking, long-distance..................................... 48412 772.9 10.1 7.8 -2.1 -2.4 -9.5

Used household and office goods moving................................. 48421 84.8 -3.6 -1.2 2.5 -1.0 0.2

Postal service................................................................. 491 658.5 1.5 -5.7 -7.1 6.6 13.1

Postal service................................................................. 4911 658.5 1.5 -5.7 -7.1 6.6 13.1

Couriers and messengers.................................................... 492 562.0 1.8 -5.5 -7.2 12.4 18.9

Warehousing and storage.................................................... 493 642.3 8.7 9.5 0.7 1.7 -7.1

Warehousing and storage.................................................... 4931 642.3 8.7 9.5 0.7 1.7 -7.1

General warehousing and storage.......................................... 49311 539.9 7.9 9.4 1.3 1.6 -7.1

Refrigerated warehousing and storage..................................... 49312 48.0 21.9 15.2 -5.5 1.3 -12.1

Information

Publishing...................................................................... 511 788.7 7.2 1.6 -5.2 1.6 0.0

Newspaper, book, and directory publishers................................ 5111 527.8 3.8 -5.2 -8.7 -6.4 -1.3

Software publishers........................................................... 5112 260.9 5.9 7.9 1.9 10.2 2.1

Motion picture and video exhibition......................................... 51213 131.0 0.3 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.0

Broadcasting, except internet................................................ 515 298.0 12.0 4.4 -6.7 0.1 -4.1

Radio and television broadcasting.......................................... 5151 216.0 15.0 6.6 -7.2 -1.7 -7.8

Cable and other subscription programming................................ 5152 82.0 8.5 2.4 -5.6 4.5 2.0

Wired telecommunications carriers......................................... 5171 611.0 4.6 0.9 -3.5 -2.0 -2.9

Wireless telecommunications carriers...................................... 5172 175.3 16.0 10.1 -5.0 -5.1 -13.8

Finance and Insurance

Commercial banking.......................................................... 52211 1,305.9 -3.1 -4.0 -0.8 3.6 7.9

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

Passenger car rental......................................................... 532111 100.5 8.5 4.4 -3.8 6.6 2.1

Truck, trailer and RV rental and leasing.................................... 53212 54.7 -0.3 -2.9 -2.6 -2.7 0.2

Video tape and disc rental................................................... 53223 67.1 24.5 -11.2 -28.7 -22.7 -13.0

Professional and Technical Services

Tax preparation services..................................................... 541213 145.3 3.4 -1.9 -5.1 -1.5 0.3

Architectural services......................................................... 54131 176.8 -4.1 -10.9 -7.1 -7.8 3.4

Engineering services......................................................... 54133 901.7 -2.3 -3.3 -1.0 1.7 5.1

Advertising agencies......................................................... 54181 183.3 9.4 8.2 -1.1 2.8 -5.0

Photography studios, portrait................................................ 541921 67.8 12.5 -2.0 -12.9 -6.4 -4.5

Administrative and Waste Services

Employment placement agencies........................................... 561311 229.7 -3.3 2.7 6.2 7.9 5.1

6
Table 1. Percent change in output per hour, unit labor costs, and related data, 2009-2010 — Continued

Industry NAICS

code

2010

Employment

(thousands)

Percent change, 2009-2010

Output

per hour Output Hours Laborcompensation

Unit labor

costs

Travel arrangement and reservation services............................. 5615 200.7 11.8 7.5 -3.9 2.9 -4.3

Travel agencies............................................................... 56151 92.8 13.7 10.8 -2.5 2.0 -8.0

Janitorial services............................................................. 56172 1,223.6 2.6 2.2 -0.4 4.1 1.8

Health Care and Social Assistance

Medical and diagnostic laboratories........................................ 6215 237.4 -4.3 1.0 5.6 5.6 4.5

Medical laboratories.......................................................... 621511 162.9 -5.2 3.6 9.3 8.5 4.7

Diagnostic imaging centers.................................................. 621512 74.5 -0.4 -2.8 -2.4 0.2 3.2

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

Amusement and theme parks............................................... 71311 141.4 -2.0 0.3 2.3 6.0 5.7

Bowling centers............................................................... 71395 68.7 2.5 -1.7 -4.1 -2.6 -0.9

Accommodation and Food Services

Accommodation and food services......................................... 72 11,379.2 2.2 1.7 -0.5 2.9 1.2

Accommodation............................................................... 721 1,789.3 2.1 1.4 -0.7 2.7 1.3

Traveler accommodation..................................................... 7211 1,715.5 2.1 1.4 -0.7 2.8 1.4

Food services and drinking places.......................................... 722 9,589.9 2.3 1.8 -0.5 3.0 1.2

Full-service restaurants...................................................... 7221 4,516.4 1.3 0.8 -0.5 3.5 2.7

Limited-service eating places................................................ 7222 4,049.6 4.3 3.1 -1.1 2.5 -0.6

Special food services......................................................... 7223 664.1 -0.7 1.3 2.0 1.7 0.4

Drinking places (alcoholic beverages)...................................... 7224 359.8 -2.0 -0.9 1.1 4.1 5.1

Other Services

Automotive repair and maintenance........................................ 8111 1,058.7 2.3 1.0 -1.3 0.2 -0.8

Reupholstery and furniture repair........................................... 81142 20.8 -4.8 -4.9 -0.1 -1.5 3.5

Personal care services....................................................... 8121 1,158.2 -2.2 1.3 3.7 1.6 0.3

Hair, nail and skin care services............................................ 81211 966.5 -1.0 1.9 2.9 0.9 -0.9

Funeral homes and funeral services........................................ 81221 103.3 2.0 0.7 -1.2 0.7 0.0

Drycleaning and laundry services........................................... 8123 331.0 3.0 0.7 -2.3 -1.7 -2.4

Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners.................................. 81231 45.0 -0.2 3.9 4.1 -1.8 -5.5

Drycleaning and laundry services........................................... 81232 162.0 -0.3 -3.5 -3.3 -3.3 0.3

Linen and uniform supply.................................................... 81233 124.0 6.1 2.8 -3.1 -0.6 -3.3

Photofinishing................................................................. 81292 15.0 22.3 -1.0 -19.0 -6.2 -5.3

7
Table 2. Average annual percent change in output per hour, unit labor costs, and related data, 1987-2010

Industry NAICS

code

Average annual percent change, 1987-2010

Output

per hour Output Hours Laborcompensation

Unit labor

costs

Mining Industries

Mining............................................................................................ 21 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 4.8 4.9

Oil and gas extraction.......................................................................... 211 1.1 -0.4 -1.4 5.3 5.7

Oil and gas extraction.......................................................................... 2111 1.1 -0.4 -1.4 5.3 5.7

Mining, except oil and gas..................................................................... 212 1.8 0.3 -1.5 2.0 1.7

Coal mining...................................................................................... 2121 1.9 -0.4 -2.2 0.9 1.2

Metal ore mining................................................................................ 2122 2.5 2.1 -0.4 4.4 2.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying................................................... 2123 0.6 -0.5 -1.1 2.6 3.1

Support activities for mining................................................................... 213 2.1 4.1 1.9 7.7 3.4

Support activities for mining................................................................... 2131 2.1 4.1 1.9 7.7 3.4

Utilities

Power generation and supply.................................................................. 2211 2.3 0.9 -1.3 2.8 1.9

Natural gas distribution......................................................................... 2212 2.6 1.2 -1.4 3.3 2.1

Transportation and Warehousing

Air transportation................................................................................ 481 3.0 2.7 -0.2 2.8 0.1

Line-haul railroads.............................................................................. 482111 4.2 1.9 -2.2 1.1 -0.8

Truck transportation1

........................................................................... 484 0.6 1.5 0.9 2.3 0.8

General freight trucking1....................................................................... 4841 1.3 2.1 0.8 2.9 0.8

General freight trucking, local1

................................................................ 48411 2.9 3.3 0.4 3.6 0.3

General freight trucking, long-distance....................................................... 48412 1.3 2.1 0.8 2.1 0.0

Used household and office goods moving................................................... 48421 -0.7 -1.0 -0.3 1.8 2.8

Postal service................................................................................... 491 0.9 -0.2 -1.1 3.7 3.8

Postal service................................................................................... 4911 0.9 -0.2 -1.1 3.7 3.8

Couriers and messengers...................................................................... 492 -0.9 1.3 2.2 4.6 3.2

Warehousing and storage1

.................................................................... 493 2.9 5.6 2.7 5.3 -0.4

Warehousing and storage1

.................................................................... 4931 2.9 5.6 2.7 5.3 -0.4

General warehousing and storage1

.......................................................... 49311 5.1 7.9 2.7 5.8 -2.0

Refrigerated warehousing and storage1..................................................... 49312 0.5 3.4 2.9 4.2 0.8

Information

Publishing........................................................................................ 511 3.9 3.5 -0.3 5.0 1.4

Newspaper, book, and directory publishers.................................................. 5111 0.0 -1.8 -1.8 2.3 4.1

Software publishers............................................................................. 5112 13.5 20.3 6.0 11.6 -7.3

Motion picture and video exhibition........................................................... 51213 1.4 1.8 0.4 3.4 1.6

Broadcasting, except internet.................................................................. 515 2.0 2.6 0.5 4.6 1.9

Radio and television broadcasting............................................................ 5151 1.0 0.7 -0.4 3.4 2.7

Cable and other subscription programming.................................................. 5152 3.7 7.6 3.8 10.4 2.5

Wired telecommunications carriers............................................................ 5171 4.1 3.3 -0.8 2.3 -0.9

Wireless telecommunications carriers........................................................ 5172 10.5 21.3 9.7 12.8 -7.0

Finance and Insurance

Commercial banking............................................................................ 52211 3.9 3.8 -0.1 5.5 1.7

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

Passenger car rental............................................................................ 532111 2.0 2.2 0.2 4.8 2.5

Truck, trailer and RV rental and leasing...................................................... 53212 2.8 1.9 -0.8 2.8 0.9

Video tape and disc rental..................................................................... 53223 5.1 2.6 -2.4 0.8 -1.7

Professional and Technical Services

Tax preparation services....................................................................... 541213 0.4 2.6 2.2 4.1 1.4

Architectural services........................................................................... 54131 1.1 1.9 0.8 4.1 2.2

Engineering services............................................................................ 54133 1.0 2.7 1.7 6.2 3.4

Advertising agencies............................................................................ 54181 2.3 2.4 0.1 4.4 2.0

Photography studios, portrait.................................................................. 541921 0.3 1.8 1.4 3.9 2.1

Administrative and Waste Services

Employment placement agencies2

........................................................... 561311 6.2 6.7 0.5 5.3 -1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

8
Table 2. Average annual percent change in output per hour, unit labor costs, and related data, 1987-

2010 — Continued

Industry NAICS

code

Average annual percent change, 1987-2010

Output

per hour Output Hours Laborcompensation

Unit labor

costs

Travel arrangement and reservation services3

.............................................. 5615 8.3 3.4 -4.5 0.8 -2.6

Travel agencies................................................................................. 56151 6.0 4.1 -1.8 2.8 -1.2

Janitorial services............................................................................... 56172 1.9 3.6 1.6 5.3 1.7

Health Care and Social Assistance

Medical and diagnostic laboratories2

......................................................... 6215 3.2 6.3 3.0 6.0 -0.2

Medical laboratories2.......................................................................... 621511 2.8 5.6 2.8 5.5 -0.1

Diagnostic imaging centers2

.................................................................. 621512 3.8 7.4 3.5 7.2 -0.2

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

Amusement and theme parks................................................................. 71311 -0.5 2.2 2.7 6.0 3.7

Bowling centers................................................................................. 71395 0.2 -1.9 -2.1 1.0 2.9

Accommodation and Food Services

Accommodation and food services............................................................ 72 0.9 2.0 1.2 4.9 2.8

Accommodation................................................................................. 721 1.6 2.3 0.7 4.5 2.2

Traveler accommodation....................................................................... 7211 1.6 2.3 0.7 4.5 2.2

Food services and drinking places............................................................ 722 0.7 2.0 1.3 5.1 3.1

Full-service restaurants......................................................................... 7221 0.6 1.9 1.3 5.9 3.9

Limited-service eating places.................................................................. 7222 0.8 2.3 1.4 4.9 2.6

Special food services........................................................................... 7223 1.3 2.4 1.0 3.5 1.1

Drinking places (alcoholic beverages)........................................................ 7224 -0.4 -0.8 -0.3 2.3 3.1

Other Services

Automotive repair and maintenance.......................................................... 8111 0.7 1.0 0.3 3.5 2.5

Reupholstery and furniture repair............................................................. 81142 -1.0 -3.4 -2.4 0.1 3.6

Personal care services......................................................................... 8121 1.8 3.1 1.2 5.3 2.1

Hair, nail and skin care services.............................................................. 81211 1.7 2.7 1.0 5.1 2.3

Funeral homes and funeral services.......................................................... 81221 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 3.8 4.3

Drycleaning and laundry services............................................................. 8123 1.3 0.3 -1.0 2.5 2.1

Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners.................................................... 81231 2.0 0.5 -1.5 2.2 1.7

Drycleaning and laundry services............................................................. 81232 0.8 -1.1 -2.0 1.1 2.3

Linen and uniform supply...................................................................... 81233 0.9 1.6 0.7 3.9 2.3

Photofinishing................................................................................... 81292 2.3 -4.8 -7.0 -3.1 1.8

1 For NAICS industries 484, 4841, 48411, 493, 4931, 49311, and 49312, average annual percent changes are for 1992-2010.

2 For NAICS industries 561311, 6215, 621511, and 621512, average annual percent changes are for 1994-2010.

3 For NAICS industry 5615, average annual percent changes are for 1997-2010.

9