# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls For the Eig hth Circu it

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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el le e

v.
Bryan Terre ll

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an t - Ap pe ll an t

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Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e So ut he rn Dis tri ct of I owa - Des M oi ne s

__ __ __ __ __ __ Su bm it te d: Apri l 1 5, 2 01 6 Fil ed : M ay

16 , 20 16

__ __ __ __ __ __ Befo re RI LEY, Chi ef J ud ge , W OLLMAN and MURPHY, Ci rcu it Ju dg es

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__ __ __ __ __ __ MURP HY, Circ ui t J ud ge

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Bryan Terrel l pl ed gu il ty to be in g a fel on in po ss es si on of a fir earm an d

am m un it io n, 18 U.S.C. §§ 92 2( g) (1 ) an d 92 4( a)(2 ). The di st ric t co ur t se nt en ced hi m to 10 0 m on th s in pr is on , an d Terrel l ap pe al s. W e va cat e hi s se nt en ce an d rem an d fo r

res en te nc in g.Terrel l pl ed gu il ty to on e co un t of fel on in po ss es si on of a fir earm aft er po li ce

reco ve red two pi st ol s an d am m un it io n fro m a car in whi ch he was rid in g. See 18 U

. S

. C. §§ 92 2( g) (1 ) an d 92 4( a)(2 ). At se nt en ci ng th e di st ric t co ur t fo u n d t h a t Terrel l ' s f

ire arm po ss es si on al so vi ol at ed Io wa Co de § 72 4.4 (1 ) whi ch pr oh ib it s "k no win gl y carr [y in g] or tra ns po rt[ in g] in a ve hi cl e a pi st ol or rev ol ve r." The co ur t th eref or e ap pl ie d a fo ur le ve l en ha nc em en t fo r hi s po ss es si o n o f a fir earm "i n

co nn ect io n wit h an o t h e r fel on y of fen se ." See U.S.S.G. § 2K2 .1(b )(6 )(B)

. In it s gu id el in e cal cu la ti on th e co ur t arri ve d at a to ta l of fen se le ve l of 25 , whi ch co m bi ne d wit h Terrel l's cri m in al hi st or y c a t eg or y of V, sh ou ld ha ve y ie ld ed an ad vi so ry gu id el in e ran ge of 10 0– 12 0 m on th s. The di st ric t co ur t m is ta ke nl y s t a t e d t ha t th e 1
ap pl ic ab le gu id el in e ran ge was 1 10 –1 20 m on th s.

Afte r co nc lu di ng th at ap pl ic at io n of th e fo ur le ve l en h a n c e men t un de r gu id el in e § 2K2 .1(b )(6 )(B) was pa rti cu la rly ha rs h un de r t h e c i rcu m st an ces of th is

cas e, th e di st ric t co ur t va rie d do wnwar d fro m th e bo tt om of th e gu id el in e ran ge an d

se nt en ced Terrel l t o 1 00 m on th s. Terr el l ap pe al s.

Terrel l fir st arg ue s th at th e di st ric t co ur t erre d by ap pl y in g a fo ur le ve l

en ha nc em en t fo r po ss es si on of a fir earm in co nn ect io n wit h an ot he r fel on y of fen se be cau se hi s vi ol at io n of Io wa Co de § 72 4.4 (1 ) was ba se d on th e s a me c on du ct

un de rlyin g hi s fed eral of

fen se

. See U.S.S.G. § 2K2 .1 cm t. n.1 4( C). He co nt en ds th at ap pl ic at io n of th is Io wa en ha nc em en t th eref or e "d ou bl e pu ni sh es th e act of
po ss es si ng a fir earm ." As Terrel l co nc ed es , ho wev er, th is arg um en t is fo recl os ed by

ou r de ci si on in Uni te d St at es v. W al ke r, 77 1 F.3 d 44 9 (8 th Ci r. 20 14 ). W e ex pl ai ne d i n W al ke r th at a vi ol at io n of § 72 4.4 (1 ) wou ld su pp or t th e ap pl ic at io n o f s u c h a n

en ha nc em en t be cau se a de fen da nt do es no t "au to m at ic al ly co m m it th e [Io wa] fel on y whe n he vi ol at e[s ] 1 8 U

. S

. C

. § 9 22 (g ) by po ss es si ng a fir earm as a fel on ." Id

. at

12 0 m on th s is th e st at ut or y m ax im um se nt en ce un de r 18 U.S.C. § 92 4( a)(2 ). 1

-2

-45 2– 53

. The d i s t r i c t co ur t's ap pl ic at io n of th is en ha nc em en t sh ou ld th eref or e be affi rm ed

.

Te r r e ll al so arg ue s th at th e di st ric t co ur t co m m it te d pr oc ed ur al erro r b y

se nt en ci ng hi m us in g an in co rrec t gu id el in e ran ge of 1 10 –1 20 m on th s. Ou r rev ie w is fo r pl ai n erro r be cau se Terrel l di d no t rai se th is ob jecti on be lo w. Uni te d St at es v. St ok es , 75 0 F.3 d 76 7, 77 1 (8 th Ci r. 20 14 )

. To e s t a bl is h pl ai n erro r, Terrel l m us t sh ow t ha t " (1 ) th ere was erro r, (2 ) th e erro r was pl ai n, an d (3 ) th e err or affe ct ed hi s

su bs ta nt ia l rig ht s." Id

. W e wil l rem an d fo r res en te nc in g if th e erro r "s eri ou sl y affe ct s th e fai rn es s, in te gr it y or pu bl ic rep ut at io n of jud ic ia l pr oc eed in gs ." Uni te d St at es v. W eav er, 16 1 F.3 d 52 8, 53 0 (8 th Ci r. 19 98 ) (al te rat io n om it te d)

. Here, th e pa rti es ag ree t ha t t he di st ric t co ur t p la in ly erred an d t ha t re m an d i s n eces sa ry

.

The go ve rn m en t co nc ed es th at th e co rrec t gu id el in e ran ge f o r Te rrel l is 10 0– 12 0 m on th s a n d t h at th e di st ric t co ur t in te nd ed to va ry do wnwar d fro m th e ap pl ic ab le ran ge

. Bec au se th e co ur t m is st at ed th e gu id el in e ran ge , ho wev er, it di d no t
act ua ll y va ry do wnwar d as in te nd ed

. We a g r e e w it h th e pa rti es th at th is was pl ai n

er ro r w hic h affe ct ed Terrel l's su bs ta nt ia l rig ht s si nc e "t he re is a reas on ab le pr ob abili ty th at [h e] wou ld ha ve rece iv ed a li gh te r se nt en ce bu t fo r th e erro r." St ok es , 75 0 F.3 d
at 77 1. Bec au se "t he pu bl ic 's co nf id en ce in th e jud ic ia l pr oc es s wou ld be un de rm in ed . . . wh en an in crea se d s en te nc e res ul ts fro m an ob vi ou s g ui de li ne [ ] erro r," Uni te d St at es v. W arre n, 36 1 F.3d 10 55 , 10 59 (8 th Ci r. 20 04 ), we va cat e Terrel l's se nt en ce

an d re m an d fo r res en te nc in g.

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