U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – DECEMBER 2022 

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.4 percent in December, after declining 0.7 percent in November, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Higher nonfuel prices and fuel prices contributed to the 

December advance. U.S. export prices fell 2.6 percent in December following a 0.4-percent decrease the 

previous month. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: December 2021 – December 2022

Imports 

U.S. import prices advanced 0.4 percent in December, the first monthly increase since the index rose 0.2 

percent in June 2022. The December advance followed a 4.6-percent decline from June to November. The 

price index for U.S. imports increased 3.5 percent over the past 12 months, driven by higher fuel and 

nonfuel prices. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices increased 0.6 percent in December, after declining 3.7 percent in 

November. The December advance is the first monthly increase since the index rose 5.6 percent in June 

2022. Higher natural gas prices in December more than offset lower prices for petroleum. Import natural gas

prices advanced 59.5 percent in December following a 1.5-percent increase in November. In contrast, 

petroleum prices declined 2.7 percent in December following a 4.0-percent drop in November. Prices for 

import fuel increased 19.4 percent from December 2021 to December 2022. Higher prices for both 

petroleum and natural gas drove the 12-month advance, rising 16.9 percent and 64.2 percent, respectively.

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11.6

10.7

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Dec'21 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'22

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, January 13, 2023 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

USDL-23-0019
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports increased 0.4 percent in December, the first 1-

month advance since a 0.4-percent rise in April 2022. Higher prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and 

materials; consumer goods; foods, feeds, and beverages; capital goods; and automotive vehicles all 

contributed to the December increase. The price index for nonfuel imports rose 1.9 percent in 2022, the 

smallest calendar-year advance since a 1.9-percent increase in 2020. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Import foods, feeds, and beverages prices rose 0.4 percent in December, after 

increasing 1.8 percent the previous month. The advance in December was led by an 11.1-percent increase in 

prices for feedstuff and foodgrains. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices rose 1.2 percent 

in December following a 2.1-percent decline in November. The December advance was the first monthly 

rise since the index increased 0.6 percent in April 2022. Higher prices for nonferrous metals and finished 

metals in December more than offset price decreases for chemicals and selected building materials. 

Finished Goods: Import prices rose for each of the major finished goods categories in December. Consumer 

goods prices advanced 0.2 percent following declines of 0.2 percent in November, 0.3 percent in October, 

and 0.2 percent in September. The price index for capital goods ticked up 0.1 percent for the second 

consecutive month in December. Higher prices for industrial and service machinery in December more than 

offset lower prices for computers, peripherals, and semiconductors. Automotive vehicles prices ticked up 

0.1 percent in December.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: December 2021 – December 2022

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports fell 2.6 percent in December, after declines of 0.4 percent in both 

November and October. U.S. export prices have not increased on a monthly basis since a 1.1-percent 

advance in June 2022. Lower prices for both nonagricultural and agricultural exports drove the decrease in 

December. Prices for U.S. exports rose 5.0 percent over the past 12 months, the smallest over-the-year

advance since a 2.5-percent increase in January 2021. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices decreased 2.4 percent in December following a 2.8-

percent advance the previous month. Lower prices for corn, soybeans, meat, and wheat in December more 

than offset price increases for vegetables and fruit. The price index for agricultural exports increased 9.2 

percent in 2022. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices fell 2.7 percent in December, the largest 

monthly decline since a 3.8-percent drop in July 2022. The December decrease follows declines of 0.7 

percent in November, 0.5 percent in October, and 0.9 percent in September. Lower prices for 

nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials drove the decrease in December, more than offsetting 

higher prices for capital goods, automotive vehicles, and nonagricultural foods. Despite the recent drops, 

nonagricultural export prices increased 4.4 percent over the past 12 months. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials export 

prices declined 5.8 percent in December and have not recorded a 1-month increase since rising 2.4 percent 

in June 2022. The decrease in December was led by lower fuel prices. 

Finished Goods: Export prices were mostly up for the major finished goods categories in December. Prices 

for capital goods increased 0.2 percent, resuming a trend of monthly increases dating back to January 2021, 

after declines of 0.1 percent in November and 0.2 percent in October. Higher prices for industrial and 

service machinery and electrical generating equipment in December more than offset lower computers, 

peripherals, and semiconductors prices. Prices for automotive vehicles rose 0.3 percent in December, after 

ticking up 0.1 percent in November. The price index for consumer goods was unchanged in December 

following a 0.3-percent decline in November. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 

www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm. 

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4.0

6.0

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10.0

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14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

Dec'21 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'22

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China edged down 0.1 percent in December, after 

being unchanged in November and rising 0.5 percent in October. The December drop was led by lower 

chemical prices from China. The price index for import prices from China increased 1.1 percent over the 

past year. Import prices from Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in December following a 0.1-percent decline the 

previous month. Prices for imports from Japan rose 2.3 percent in 2022, the largest calendar-year advance 

since 2011. The price indexes for imports from Canada and Mexico each fell in December, down 0.2 

percent and 0.1 percent, respectively. Despite the declines, import prices from Canada rose 7.1 percent in 

2022 and import prices from Mexico advanced 4.2 percent. In contrast, prices for imports from the 

European Union increased in December, advancing 1.3 percent, after falling 1.2 percent in November. The 

December rise was the largest 1-month increase since March 2022. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: The price index for exports to China decreased 2.3 percent in 

December following a 0.3-percent drop in November. Prices for exports to China were unchanged over the 

past year. Export prices to Japan declined 2.6 percent in December, after decreasing 0.6 percent in 

November. Prices for exports to Japan have not risen on a monthly basis since a 1.9-percent increase in May 

2022. Despite the recent declines, export prices to Japan advanced 3.0 percent in 2022. The price indexes

for exports to Mexico and the European Union also fell in December, decreasing 3.9 percent and 1.8

percent, respectively. In contrast, export prices to Canada rose 0.2 percent in December and increased 9.0 

percent over the past year. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China declined 

2.2 percent in December following a 0.3-percent decrease in November. Lower export prices to China in 

December more than offset lower import prices from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China 

fell 1.1 percent in 2022, the first calendar-year drop since a 1.3-percent decline in 2018. U.S. terms of trade 

with Japan decreased 2.7 percent in December, after a 0.4-percent drop the previous month. In contrast, U.S. 

terms of trade with Canada increased 0.4 percent in December following a 0.9-percent advance in 

November. The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with Mexico and the European Union fell in December, 

declining 3.8 percent and 3.1 percent, respectively. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares advanced 5.9 percent in December following a 0.6-

percent decline in November. The December rise was the largest monthly increase since June 2022 and was 

led by higher Asian and Latin American/Caribbean fares. Import air passenger fares increased 13.4 percent 

from December 2021 to December 2022. Import air freight prices rose 11.1 percent in December, after 

declining 10.1 percent in November and 11.9 percent in October. The December increase was the largest 1-

month rise since November 2021. Despite the December advance, prices for import air freight declined 21.7 

percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares decreased 3.3 percent in December following a 0.3-percent increase in 

November. Lower December prices for Asian, European, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all 

contributed to the decline. Despite the December drop, export air passenger fares rose 7.7 percent over the 

past 12 months. Export air freight prices advanced 0.8 percent in December, the first monthly increase since 

the index rose 3.1 percent in May 2022. Prices for export air freight increased 5.9 percent for the year ended 

in December.

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for January 2023 are scheduled for release on Friday, 

February 17, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2021 to

December 2022

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Nov.

20221

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

All commodities................................... 100.000 141.6 142.2 3.5 -1.0 -0.3 -0.7 0.4

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 82.324 108.2 108.6 1.7 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 0.4

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 90.119 123.9 124.9 2.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.8

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 89.308 127.4 127.9 1.9 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.4

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.984 207.7 208.5 4.0 0.4 -1.0 1.8 0.4

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 5.620 228.2 229.2 6.1 0.3 -1.0 2.5 0.4

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.363 159.7 160.2 -3.4 0.8 -0.8 -1.4 0.3

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 28.875 261.5 264.1 7.1 -3.3 -1.1 -2.7 1.0

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 18.939 211.6 218.5 3.2 -1.6 -0.8 -1.9 3.3

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 17.908 232.9 235.7 0.9 -1.4 -0.4 -2.1 1.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 11.945 221.3 226.6 -0.4 -1.7 -0.3 -2.4 2.4

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 7.049 200.7 210.2 9.7 -1.5 -1.6 -1.2 4.7

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 10.692 324.0 325.9 19.4 -6.3 -2.2 -3.7 0.6

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 9.881 342.8 333.5 16.9 -6.3 -1.7 -4.0 -2.7

Crude petroleum........................... 10000 6.495 337.2 321.1 11.0 -6.6 -2.2 -3.7 -4.8

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.687 269.7 399.3 54.1 -7.1 -9.5 1.1 48.1

Natural gas.................................. 10110 0.555 257.8 411.1 64.2 -8.4 -11.8 1.5 59.5

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.574 149.5 150.1 20.4 2.3 0.8 -2.2 0.4

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 5.663 212.7 210.3 2.3 -1.1 -0.6 -1.5 -1.1

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.862 198.3 194.7 -2.5 -2.4 -2.4 -0.5 -1.8

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 5.031 329.6 343.8 -3.2 -3.1 0.4 -3.9 4.3

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 3.291 209.8 216.2 3.4 0.4 0.1 -2.5 3.1

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.761 127.3 127.3 3.2 -0.5 -1.0 0.1 0.0

Capital goods................................... 2 26.099 93.1 93.2 2.9 -0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.266 128.8 129.0 4.9 -0.4 -0.5 0.4 0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 21.160 84.3 84.4 2.4 -0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 1.674 147.5 147.9 5.9 0.4 1.7 0.1 0.3

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 12.728 117.2 117.3 3.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 25.314 109.6 109.8 0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.785 124.0 124.0 -0.8 0.0 -0.6 -0.1 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 11.804 95.5 95.7 1.4 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 0.725 129.0 129.2 2.5 -0.6 -0.2 -0.6 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2021 to

December 2022

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Nov.

20221

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

All commodities................................... 100.000 155.5 151.4 5.0 -0.9 -0.4 -0.4 -2.6

Agricultural commodities....................... 12.605 258.7 252.4 9.2 -0.8 -0.6 2.8 -2.4

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 67.317 113.1 113.4 1.4 -0.5 -1.0 -0.2 0.3

All exports excluding fuels (June

2022=100)........................................ 78.891 98.5 98.5 – -0.5 -0.6 0.1 0.0

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 87.395 147.7 143.7 4.4 -0.9 -0.5 -0.7 -2.7

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 11.573 262.4 255.6 9.6 -0.7 -0.4 3.2 -2.6

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 11.135 264.5 257.4 10.2 -0.8 -0.4 3.4 -2.7

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.438 223.3 223.6 -4.0 1.3 -0.3 -0.8 0.1

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 42.726 224.2 211.6 5.6 -2.0 -1.0 -1.5 -5.6

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 9.915 208.2 212.3 -0.9 -0.9 -1.1 -0.9 2.0

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 32.811 226.0 208.2 8.0 -2.3 -1.0 -1.7 -7.9

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.470 231.2 229.6 2.0 -1.4 -2.0 -1.4 -0.7

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 41.256 224.1 211.1 5.8 -2.0 -1.0 -1.5 -5.8

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 21.109 305.1 268.7 16.7 -2.0 0.7 -2.6 -11.9

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.315 195.6 197.0 -2.6 -1.9 -2.7 -0.3 0.7

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.832 152.4 152.4 -2.3 -3.6 -2.6 -2.1 0.0

Capital goods................................... 2 28.098 118.9 119.1 3.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.2

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.201 135.5 136.0 6.2 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.4

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 20.295 100.2 100.3 2.7 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 4.602 198.5 198.8 3.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 7.465 121.9 122.3 4.7 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.3

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 10.138 116.6 116.6 2.9 -0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 5.257 108.4 108.6 -1.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 3.935 116.1 115.8 5.5 0.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.3

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 0.946 127.5 127.3 18.5 -0.8 -0.1 -0.7 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2021 to December

2022

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Nov.

20221

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.607 158.6 159.2 12.1 -5.2 -3.2 -1.2 0.4

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.226 210.9 211.9 4.8 0.7 -3.8 5.3 0.5

Crop production............................... 111 1.838 224.1 223.7 4.8 0.5 -3.8 6.6 -0.2

Mining............................................ 21 7.381 158.7 159.3 14.6 -6.7 -3.0 -3.1 0.4

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 7.121 158.2 158.8 15.2 -6.8 -3.0 -3.4 0.4

Manufacturing..................................... 90.090 123.1 123.5 2.7 -0.6 0.0 -0.6 0.3

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.266 138.1 138.5 2.7 0.3 0.4 -0.3 0.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.188 185.9 187.1 4.8 0.4 0.8 -0.6 0.6

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.092 134.6 135.2 1.8 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.4

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.404 124.7 124.9 3.1 -0.8 -0.5 -0.5 0.2

Textile product mills.......................... 314 1.455 109.4 109.3 -2.4 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 2.965 119.7 119.6 4.3 0.3 0.5 0.1 -0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.162 127.1 127.5 -0.9 0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.3

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 20.861 150.4 149.6 3.4 -1.4 -1.0 -1.4 -0.5

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 1.079 154.6 149.0 -11.4 -4.4 -4.5 -0.9 -3.6

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.031 127.7 127.8 10.2 1.4 0.2 -1.7 0.1

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 3.143 166.4 167.2 33.4 -4.6 -0.6 -4.4 0.5

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 11.995 155.2 154.2 -1.4 -0.9 -1.3 -0.8 -0.6

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.520 133.3 133.1 3.2 0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.934 141.4 142.5 3.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.3 0.8

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 57.963 112.2 112.9 2.5 -0.4 0.4 -0.4 0.6

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 6.716 223.8 232.9 0.6 -1.8 1.3 -4.0 4.1

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.177 149.2 150.4 3.1 -0.7 -1.1 -0.1 0.8

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 6.847 127.4 128.1 3.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.5

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 15.940 74.1 74.1 1.4 -0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.364 126.9 126.8 3.4 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 13.215 116.2 116.3 3.0 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.846 128.8 129.5 4.8 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.857 125.8 126.3 3.1 -0.6 -0.5 0.0 0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2021 to December

2022

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Nov.

20221

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Nonmanufacturing................................ 19.305 215.3 203.2 10.5 -2.3 -3.7 -0.5 -5.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 6.886 231.8 223.3 8.8 -1.9 -1.9 4.7 -3.7

Crop production............................... 111 6.618 247.6 238.3 10.2 -1.8 -1.9 4.9 -3.8

Mining............................................ 21 12.419 136.7 127.5 11.5 -2.4 -4.5 -3.2 -6.7

Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100). .. 211 11.184 124.1 114.7 14.7 -2.5 -4.8 -3.6 -7.6

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.235 141.7 143.1 -9.5 -1.9 -1.5 0.6 1.0

Manufacturing..................................... 79.097 136.7 133.8 4.2 -0.6 0.4 -0.4 -2.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 7.123 179.2 177.0 6.9 -0.2 0.6 0.1 -1.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 5.442 213.1 209.6 7.8 0.0 0.8 0.1 -1.6

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.540 144.8 145.9 6.5 -1.9 0.5 1.4 0.8

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 26.984 148.6 139.1 4.6 -1.7 1.3 -0.7 -6.4

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.432 119.3 116.4 -14.7 -5.4 -2.4 -3.6 -2.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.673 158.6 159.2 16.1 -0.7 0.3 1.7 0.4

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 8.680 193.3 155.4 22.4 -1.4 9.2 -1.8 -19.6

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.365 135.9 135.1 -3.6 -2.0 -2.7 -0.1 -0.6

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.010 130.8 131.5 3.7 -0.6 -0.1 0.2 0.5

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.674 129.2 134.0 11.4 -0.3 -3.3 -0.7 3.7

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 44.991 126.5 127.0 3.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.4

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 3.964 204.1 209.1 -1.5 -1.4 -1.1 -2.4 2.4

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 2.499 171.8 172.7 7.0 0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.5

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 8.094 144.0 144.2 5.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 11.659 84.0 84.0 1.0 0.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.0

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.226 133.0 133.4 7.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.3

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 11.094 139.0 139.4 4.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.142 134.1 134.0 7.1 0.1 0.2 -0.4 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2021 to

December 2022

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20221

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.479 226.6 225.5 -2.3 1.2 -1.2 -1.9 -0.5

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.420 311.3 300.5 -11.1 -0.9 -3.2 -3.1 -3.5

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.750 156.0 157.2 -2.1 1.7 -0.4 -1.8 0.8

Vegetable products............................... II 2.237 246.5 255.1 9.9 0.9 -2.7 3.4 3.5

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.499 494.1 494.7 29.2 11.8 -3.4 2.0 0.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.798 120.3 122.0 0.9 -6.2 -4.0 14.7 1.4

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.411 290.7 286.2 -3.9 0.7 -1.8 -8.3 -1.5

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.442 154.0 151.9 2.4 -0.4 1.6 0.7 -1.4

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.286 190.6 191.2 5.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.3

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2021=100)..................................... 17 0.219 107.7 107.4 7.4 -1.0 1.7 -0.4 -0.3

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.217 110.9 111.9 12.1 0.3 -0.3 8.5 0.9

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.066 147.7 148.5 1.4 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.5

Mineral products.................................. V 10.677 331.6 333.2 19.5 -5.9 -2.2 -3.5 0.5

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.317 326.0 327.6 20.4 -6.0 -2.2 -3.7 0.5

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.207 174.2 173.3 -0.8 -0.8 -1.1 -0.3 -0.5

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.781 551.5 548.4 7.9 1.4 0.9 0.4 -0.6

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.571 144.7 143.7 -2.1 -3.2 -0.9 -0.2 -0.7

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.148 145.1 145.1 -3.9 -0.3 -1.5 -0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.836 119.5 119.7 3.5 0.4 0.4 -0.2 0.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.745 157.9 157.6 -0.6 -0.7 -0.2 -1.4 -0.2

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.579 159.7 159.2 -2.7 -1.3 -0.1 -1.9 -0.3

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.166 157.8 157.8 4.2 0.6 -0.3 -0.3 0.0

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.414 140.8 140.2 0.5 0.2 -1.1 -0.4 -0.4

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 1.148 235.1 225.7 -8.4 -3.9 -4.3 -0.5 -4.0

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 1.115 164.3 157.6 -8.5 -3.9 -4.5 -0.5 -4.1

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.007 134.2 134.3 10.6 1.5 0.1 -2.1 0.1

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.677 124.9 125.8 15.7 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.7

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.662 121.2 121.0 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.2

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.299 127.7 127.8 3.3 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.1

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 1.192 103.0 102.8 -3.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.2

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.022 127.1 127.2 -0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 0.819 124.1 124.2 -1.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.798 133.9 134.8 2.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2021 to

December 2022 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20221

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2020=100).................... 68 0.299 102.3 102.4 3.1 -0.5 0.5 0.0 0.1

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)....... 70 0.274 100.9 100.3 0.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.6

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.394 222.0 232.9 2.8 -2.2 1.6 -3.7 4.9

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.881 233.5 236.6 0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -1.5 1.3

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.128 313.0 305.7 -2.2 0.5 0.2 -5.7 -2.3

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.867 204.2 204.0 3.5 -0.8 -0.9 0.2 -0.1

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.447 355.9 377.2 -8.1 -0.2 -0.8 2.7 6.0

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.025 182.8 189.9 -1.5 -3.0 -2.4 -1.7 3.9

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.415 129.2 129.8 2.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 0.5

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.530 151.0 150.3 3.3 -0.2 -1.3 0.2 -0.5

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.292 82.8 82.8 2.0 -0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.567 89.4 89.6 2.5 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 13.725 76.5 76.5 1.5 -0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 11.168 121.2 121.2 3.3 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 10.351 120.3 120.3 3.2 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 88 0.726 107.8 107.9 6.9 0.3 3.7 0.0 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.780 105.3 105.6 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.573 101.4 101.6 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.252 119.4 120.1 3.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.6

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.579 127.6 128.2 3.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.5

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.408 105.9 106.6 3.8 0.1 0.0 -0.6 0.7

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.264 138.0 138.1 5.6 0.4 0.0 1.4 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2021 to

December 2022

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20221

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Live animals; animal products................. I 2.264 280.1 273.5 -1.1 -1.2 0.1 -0.4 -2.4

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.430 221.3 212.4 -6.6 -1.1 0.0 -1.5 -4.0

Vegetable products............................... II 6.491 305.5 293.0 12.0 -2.4 -1.6 5.6 -4.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.888 136.8 138.0 -8.0 -5.0 0.7 4.3 0.9

Cereals............................................ 10 2.065 358.0 328.1 8.3 0.1 3.9 3.1 -8.4

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 2.843 317.7 308.0 17.2 -2.8 -6.0 5.2 -3.1

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.060 189.5 188.0 9.7 1.3 1.3 1.0 -0.8

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.584 109.2 109.7 6.1 -0.4 1.9 -0.5 0.5

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.451 107.6 108.1 -1.7 0.0 -0.4 -0.3 0.5

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 1.004 357.6 342.2 17.7 4.6 2.9 3.1 -4.3

Mineral products.................................. V 21.040 366.1 322.2 15.2 -2.0 0.6 -2.7 -12.0

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.483 120.9 125.4 -12.6 -1.3 -6.1 1.9 3.7

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 20.376 354.9 310.6 16.2 -2.1 0.7 -2.8 -12.5

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.465 165.2 165.0 4.0 -1.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.782 197.0 192.9 3.3 -4.1 -0.2 0.1 -2.1

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.046 105.1 105.5 -2.7 0.3 -0.2 -0.7 0.4

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.792 141.2 141.1 2.7 0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.436 135.4 135.4 3.3 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.136 184.3 183.9 -0.3 -1.9 0.8 -0.4 -0.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.600 157.2 157.0 -10.6 -1.8 -5.5 -0.1 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 3.890 154.8 154.2 -12.6 -2.1 -6.4 -0.1 -0.4

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.709 166.8 168.6 2.3 0.2 -0.3 0.0 1.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.512 113.9 111.7 -14.6 -6.2 -2.9 -3.7 -1.9

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.822 153.7 154.0 6.9 -0.7 -5.0 2.3 0.2

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.666 174.0 173.3 4.2 -2.1 -12.2 5.9 -0.4

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.954 148.5 149.4 10.6 0.5 -0.5 0.4 0.6

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.616 146.4 145.0 2.0 -0.6 -2.3 -2.3 -1.0

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.692 179.6 177.1 1.7 -0.8 -4.7 -4.8 -1.4

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.664 145.3 148.0 13.1 0.1 -1.3 -0.2 1.9

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.406 112.6 112.6 13.9 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.707 308.6 317.4 2.3 -1.7 0.1 -2.3 2.9

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.359 207.0 209.5 0.2 0.9 -1.4 0.0 1.2

Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)............... 72 1.186 158.1 161.2 -4.6 3.6 -3.4 0.6 2.0

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2021 to

December 2022 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20221

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.498 244.2 251.3 -6.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 2.9

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.749 142.8 145.7 -1.8 -0.4 -1.0 -0.7 2.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 23.313 104.6 104.7 3.8 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 13.464 125.2 125.4 4.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 9.850 82.6 82.6 3.3 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 8.195 148.2 148.7 4.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 6.143 124.4 124.8 3.8 0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.3

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.056 113.8 114.2 2.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.4

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.113 134.0 134.1 10.4 0.8 1.3 -0.4 0.1

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi.......................... 94 0.568 148.8 148.8 4.6 0.0 0.0 -1.1 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.394 113.3 113.6 20.3 2.2 3.8 0.0 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: December 2021 to December 2022

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20221

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 146.3 148.3 5.0 -1.5 -0.6 -1.2 1.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.566 274.5 284.3 15.2 -7.1 -3.2 -2.0 3.6

Manufacturing................................ 86.745 136.2 137.6 4.1 -0.7 0.0 -1.1 1.0

Canada.......................................... 100.000 186.2 185.8 7.1 -2.9 -2.0 -1.1 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 33.117 272.6 282.2 15.6 -7.2 -3.3 -2.1 3.5

Manufacturing................................ 65.967 166.9 163.4 3.9 -0.9 -1.1 -0.5 -2.1

European Union............................... 100.000 150.8 152.7 4.0 -0.6 -0.1 -1.2 1.3

Manufacturing................................ 98.868 146.3 148.4 4.3 -0.5 -0.2 -1.3 1.4

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 141.9 142.0 3.2 0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.1

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 123.9 124.3 4.4 -0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.3

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 132.2 134.7 2.8 -1.5 0.1 -1.8 1.9

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 170.4 169.2 4.5 -0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 16.523 337.3 328.5 9.0 -2.0 -3.4 0.3 -2.6

Manufacturing................................ 83.211 136.7 136.3 3.8 -0.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.3

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 141.6 141.4 4.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 9.842 160.2 154.8 6.2 2.3 -4.8 -1.4 -3.4

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 89.896 97.0 97.2 4.1 -0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 104.4 104.4 1.4 -0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.0

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 104.6 104.5 1.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 -0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 101.2 101.3 2.3 0.1 1.1 -0.1 0.1

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 111.3 110.8 3.6 -0.6 0.2 -0.1 -0.4

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 98.7 97.2 2.7 -1.0 0.5 -0.1 -1.5

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 103.3 103.0 1.2 -0.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.3

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 238.1 225.0 6.6 -3.6 0.8 -1.6 -5.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: December 2021 to December

2022

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20221

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 121.2 120.5 5.3 -1.1 0.2 -0.7 -0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 15.505 153.3 148.0 9.3 -3.6 -3.6 -1.6 -3.5

Manufacturing................................ 82.929 117.5 117.4 4.7 -0.5 0.9 -0.5 -0.1

Canada.......................................... 100.000 129.4 129.6 9.0 -1.2 0.9 -0.2 0.2

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100). . . . .. 11.915 161.8 160.8 17.0 -3.6 -5.9 2.0 -0.6

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)........... 86.808 119.5 119.7 8.1 -0.8 2.0 -0.6 0.2

European Union............................... 100.000 119.1 116.9 3.8 -1.6 0.4 -0.3 -1.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 18.924 146.5 137.3 3.2 -6.4 0.1 -1.7 -6.3

Manufacturing................................ 79.325 114.1 113.0 3.7 -0.2 0.4 -0.2 -1.0

Germany........................................ 100.000 113.3 113.4 5.7 -0.7 0.1 -0.3 0.1

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 135.7 127.5 5.6 -0.9 0.1 -1.2 -6.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.852 193.9 187.3 7.5 0.6 -12.6 -7.0 -3.4

Manufacturing................................ 87.738 131.2 122.7 5.5 -0.8 2.3 -0.4 -6.5

Mexico........................................... 100.000 131.4 126.3 3.8 -0.8 -1.0 -2.2 -3.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.091 174.3 173.8 10.5 4.4 -19.3 -11.7 -0.3

Manufacturing................................ 89.630 128.6 123.1 3.2 -1.5 1.9 -1.0 -4.3

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 118.5 116.7 2.3 -1.5 -0.4 -0.2 -1.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 25.648 142.2 135.4 0.1 -3.9 -1.0 -0.1 -4.8

Manufacturing................................ 72.458 113.5 112.9 3.5 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.5

China............................................ 100.000 113.3 110.7 0.0 -2.5 -1.6 -0.3 -2.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 33.586 123.9 116.3 -0.5 -5.7 -4.0 -0.3 -6.1

Manufacturing................................ 65.078 111.6 111.0 0.5 -0.6 -0.4 -0.1 -0.5

Japan............................................ 100.000 119.8 116.7 3.0 -2.2 -0.1 -0.6 -2.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 31.399 157.9 146.4 9.7 -5.5 0.2 -1.0 -7.3

Manufacturing................................ 67.224 107.8 107.3 0.2 -0.6 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: December 2021 to December 20221

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 101.4 99.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.6 -1.9

Canada.................................................. 91.3 91.7 1.9 1.9 3.0 0.9 0.4

European Union...................................... 106.3 103.0 -0.2 -0.9 0.5 0.9 -3.1

Germany................................................ 105.3 105.0 1.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.3

Latin America3

........................................ 118.6 112.2 1.1 -0.3 0.1 -1.2 -5.4

Mexico.................................................. 119.7 115.2 -0.4 -0.8 -1.0 -2.1 -3.8

Pacific Rim4............................................ 111.7 110.0 0.9 -1.1 -0.6 -0.1 -1.5

China.................................................... 108.4 106.0 -1.1 -2.5 -2.1 -0.3 -2.2

Japan.................................................... 113.1 110.0 0.6 -2.3 -1.1 -0.4 -2.7

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: December

2021 to December 2022

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20221

Index Percent change

Nov.

2022

Dec.

2022

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2021 to

Dec.

2022

Aug.

2022 to

Sep.

2022

Sep.

2022 to

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 254.6 282.8 -21.7 -1.2 -11.9 -10.1 11.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.830 242.8 259.5 -18.0 -0.1 -6.7 -1.9 6.9

Asia.................................................. 70.855 240.6 271.6 -23.0 -1.5 -13.6 -13.1 12.9

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 191.8 193.4 5.9 -1.9 -3.3 -2.9 0.8

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 26.184 146.6 156.2 -1.2 -1.5 -7.9 -2.4 6.5

Asia (Dec. 2011=100).............................. 51.785 155.4 149.9 6.7 -4.3 2.4 -4.5 -3.5

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 192.8 199.9 -27.8 -2.5 -9.6 -9.0 3.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 26.696 166.6 185.5 -11.4 2.0 -6.7 -1.8 11.3

Asia.................................................. 62.214 182.1 184.4 -34.6 -4.2 -11.5 -13.5 1.3

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 195.2 200.9 -5.1 6.3 -1.2 -14.4 2.9

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 30.662 191.3 189.1 4.9 -1.1 0.1 -1.7 -1.2

Asia.................................................. 52.693 211.8 227.2 -10.2 11.4 0.3 -21.9 7.3

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 187.0 198.1 13.4 4.7 4.4 -0.6 5.9

Europe............................................... 36.695 198.7 194.6 12.9 15.2 3.0 -5.7 -2.1

Asia.................................................. 19.038 182.6 206.2 20.7 -1.3 -2.8 -3.9 12.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 14.079 169.1 193.9 20.4 -7.1 10.8 9.6 14.7

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 191.0 184.7 7.7 -3.7 -1.6 0.3 -3.3

Europe............................................... 25.559 218.1 208.6 1.6 5.5 -4.3 -2.4 -4.4

Asia.................................................. 24.695 217.1 203.0 7.9 -10.1 -5.0 6.9 -6.5

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 33.225 192.1 188.9 23.0 -6.8 3.3 -0.1 -1.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

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