For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Monday, November 20, 2023 USDL-23-2472

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 3 states and increased in 1 state on the last business day of September, 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 1 state and increased in 1 

state. Total separations rates decreased in 6 states. Nationally, the job openings, hires, and total 

separations rates showed little or no change in September.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 

layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In September, job openings rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 

46 states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in job openings rates occurred in Alaska

(-1.3 percentage points), Utah (-0.7 point), and Illinois (-0.6 point). The increase occurred in Tennessee

(+1.9 points). Over the month, the national job openings rate was unchanged. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 4 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 45 

states and the District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases in the job openings level

occurred in Illinois (-44,000), Massachusetts (-22,000), and Utah (-15,000). The increase occurred in 

Tennessee (+74,000). Nationally, the number of job openings changed little over the month.

(See table 1.)

Hires

In September, hires rates increased in 1 state, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 48 states

and the District of Columbia. The hires rate increased in Colorado (+0.7 percentage point) and decreased

in Texas (-0.5 point). The national hires rate was unchanged over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 4 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 45 states and 

the District of Columbia in September. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in Pennsylvania

(+27,000), Ohio (+26,000), and Colorado (+21,000). The decrease occurred in Texas (-68,000). 

Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Total Separations

In September, total separations rates decreased in 6 states and were little changed in 44 states and the 

District of Columbia. The largest decreases in total separations rates occurred in Alaska 

(-2.1 percentage points) and in Illinois, Iowa, and Nebraska (-0.8 point each). Over the month, the 

national total separations rate changed little. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 6 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 43

states and the District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases occurred in Illinois (-45,000),

North Carolina (-31,000), and Colorado (-21,000). The increase in the total separations level occurred in 

Florida (+41,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little over the month. 

(See table 3.)

Quits

In September, quits rates decreased in 5 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 43 states

and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Colorado

(-0.7 percentage point) and in Iowa and Nebraska (-0.6 point each). The increases occurred in Florida

(+0.5 point) and in New Jersey (+0.4 point). Over the month, the national quits rate was unchanged.

(See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 7 states, increased in 4 states, and was little changed in 39 states and 

the District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Ohio

(-28,000) and Colorado (-22,000), as well as in Alabama and Utah (-10,000 each). The largest increases

occurred in Florida (+42,000), New York (+20,000), and New Jersey (+15,000). Nationally, the number 

of quits changed little over the month. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In September, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 5 states and were little changed in 45 states

and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Alaska

(-1.6 percentage points), Illinois (-0.9 point), and Connecticut (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national 

layoffs and discharges rate changed little. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 5 states and was little changed in 45 states and the 

District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases in the layoffs and discharges level occurred in 

Illinois (-53,000) and in Arizona and Wisconsin (-12,000 each). Nationally, the number of layoffs and 

discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 

charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#. 

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for October 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Friday, December 15, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for 

job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and

total separations. The JOLTS program covers all 

private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data 

for January 2023, industries are classified in 

accordance with the 2022 North American Industry 

Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can be 

full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, 

short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether or 

not the employer can find a suitable candidate 

during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers from 

outside the establishment to fill the position. 

Active recruiting means that the establishment is 

taking steps to fill a position. It may include 

advertising in newspapers, on television, or on 

the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking, or making “word-ofmouth” announcements; accepting applications; 

interviewing candidates; contacting employment 

agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, 

state or local employment offices, or similar 

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work; and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season).

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Other separations comprise 

less than 8 percent of total separations. Other 

separations rates are generally very low, and other 

separations variance estimates are relatively high. 

Consequently, the other separations component is not 

published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the 

same location; employees on strike; employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The 

separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges

rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. The JOLTS sample of 

21,000 establishments does not directly support the 

production of sample-based state estimates. However, 

state estimates have been produced by combining the 

available sample with model-based estimates. 

 The state estimates consist of four major 

estimating models; the Composite Regional model

(an unpublished intermediate model), the Synthetic

model (an unpublished intermediate model), the 

Composite Synthetic model (published historical 

series through the most current benchmark year), and 

the Extended Composite Synthetic model (published 

current-year monthly series). The Composite 

Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS 

regional published estimates, and Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The 

Composite Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata 

and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly 

employment changes in microdata from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and 

JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 

Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite 

Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite 

Synthetic model by the ratio of the current Composite 

Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional 

model estimate from the previous year. 

 The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and 

its major component—the Composite Regional 

model) is used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

estimates because all of the inputs required by this 

model are available at the time monthly estimate are 

produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model 

(and its major component—the Synthetic model) can 

only be produced when the latest QCEW data are 

available. The Extended Composite Synthetic model 

estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

model estimates during the annual JOLTS retabulation process. The extension of the Composite 

Synthetic model using current data-based Composite 

Regional model estimates ensures that the Composite 

Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic 

trends. 

 The Composite Regional approach calculates 

state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata 

using sample weights and the adjustments for nonresponse. The Composite Regional estimate is then 

benchmarked to CES state-supersector employment 

to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS

sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 

sample for each state-supersector cell. The small 

JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 

cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable 

estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level 

estimates derived directly from the JOLTS sample 

are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when 

the number of respondents is low (that is, less than 

30). This approach is known as a composite estimate,

which leverages the small JOLTS sample to the 

greatest extent possible and supplements that with a 

model-based estimate. Previous research has found 

that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at 

finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 

make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the

regional-level using only national industry-level 

JOLTS rates. The assumption in this approach is that 

one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates 

at the state-level using only regional industry-level 

JOLTS rates.)

 In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based 

estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all 

state-supersector cells that have 30 or more 

respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be 

used, without a sample-based component, in all statesupersector cells that have fewer than five 

respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5 to 30 
respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a 

composition of a weighted estimate of the microdatabased estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS 

regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS 

data in those cells is proportional the number of 

JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n∕30, where n 

is the number of respondents). The sum of state 

estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned 

regional JOLTS published regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal 

adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to 

seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all 

relevant data, up to and including the current month, 

to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving 

averages are used as seasonal filters in seasonal 

adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes 

both additive and multiplicative models, as well as 

regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) 

modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The 

JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from 

three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 

These state estimates are published as a historical 

series made up of a historical annually revised 

benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic 

model and a current component of the Extended 

Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly 

"real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual 

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations 

quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by 

dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 

levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a 

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. For sampling error estimates, see

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for 

both sampling error and the error attributable to 

modeling. A small area domain model uses a 

Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS 

state variance. The small area model uses QCEWbased JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a 

Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior 
distribution using JOLTS microdata and samplebased variance estimates at the state and US Census 

regional level to generate a Bayesian posterior 

distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution 

has been generated, estimates of JOLTS state 

variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from 

the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian 

approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error 

and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 10,854 9,165 8,920 9,497 9,553 56 6.6 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.7 0.0

Alabama.................................. 153 138 129 137 143 6 6.7 6.0 5.6 6.0 6.2 0.2

Alaska..................................... 29 26 24 32 27 -5 8.3 7.4 6.9 8.9 7.6 -1.3

Arizona.................................... 236 184 199 192 198 6 7.0 5.5 5.9 5.7 5.9 0.2

Arkansas.................................. 99 91 84 90 90 0 6.9 6.3 5.8 6.2 6.2 0.0

California................................. 1,200 926 975 961 911 -50 6.3 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.8 -0.2

Colorado.................................. 206 181 191 197 197 0 6.7 5.9 6.2 6.3 6.3 0.0

Connecticut............................... 136 90 91 96 103 7 7.5 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.7 0.3

Delaware................................. 35 33 33 33 33 0 6.9 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 -0.1

District of Columbia..................... 43 42 43 39 42 3 5.3 5.1 5.3 4.8 5.1 0.3

Florida..................................... 647 618 570 616 619 3 6.3 6.0 5.5 5.9 5.9 0.0

Georgia................................... 406 340 323 333 354 21 7.7 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.7 0.4

Hawaii..................................... 37 31 33 35 32 -3 5.6 4.7 4.9 5.2 4.8 -0.4

Idaho...................................... 63 50 55 54 54 0 7.0 5.5 6.1 5.9 5.9 0.0

Illinois..................................... 433 363 349 428 384 -44 6.6 5.6 5.4 6.5 5.9 -0.6

Indiana.................................... 201 167 162 170 172 2 5.9 4.9 4.7 4.9 5.0 0.1

Iowa....................................... 115 85 75 90 85 -5 6.8 5.1 4.5 5.4 5.1 -0.3

Kansas.................................... 101 82 82 88 85 -3 6.6 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.5 -0.2

Kentucky.................................. 156 126 111 126 133 7 7.3 5.9 5.2 5.9 6.1 0.2

Louisiana................................. 144 147 126 140 149 9 6.9 7.0 6.0 6.6 7.0 0.4

Maine..................................... 45 37 41 42 45 3 6.6 5.4 6.0 6.1 6.5 0.4

Maryland.................................. 202 197 165 180 184 4 6.9 6.7 5.7 6.1 6.2 0.1

Massachusetts........................... 287 253 236 251 229 -22 7.2 6.3 5.9 6.2 5.7 -0.5

Michigan.................................. 321 239 216 242 242 0 6.8 5.1 4.6 5.2 5.2 0.0

Minnesota................................ 210 199 192 203 206 3 6.6 6.3 6.0 6.4 6.4 0.0

Mississippi................................ 91 85 80 82 83 1 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.6 6.6 0.0

Missouri................................... 215 155 167 182 182 0 6.8 4.9 5.3 5.7 5.7 0.0

Montana.................................. 40 35 35 36 36 0 7.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5 0.0

Nebraska................................. 68 59 54 62 61 -1 6.2 5.3 4.9 5.6 5.5 -0.1

Nevada.................................... 101 92 92 97 101 4 6.3 5.6 5.6 5.9 6.1 0.2

New Hampshire.......................... 55 43 50 44 46 2 7.4 5.8 6.7 5.9 6.2 0.3

New Jersey............................... 260 226 243 220 231 11 5.7 5.0 5.3 4.8 5.0 0.2

New Mexico.............................. 65 59 65 61 58 -3 7.1 6.3 7.0 6.6 6.2 -0.4

New York................................. 532 446 441 461 468 7 5.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 0.1

North Carolina........................... 354 330 316 341 329 -12 6.8 6.3 6.0 6.5 6.2 -0.3

North Dakota............................. 31 28 26 29 29 0 6.7 6.0 5.6 6.2 6.2 0.0

Ohio....................................... 410 351 314 352 363 11 6.9 5.9 5.3 5.9 6.0 0.1

Oklahoma................................. 128 120 104 115 118 3 7.0 6.5 5.7 6.2 6.4 0.2

Oregon.................................... 139 105 111 114 118 4 6.6 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.5 0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 385 350 342 386 401 15 6.0 5.4 5.3 5.9 6.1 0.2

Rhode Island............................. 35 29 29 31 32 1 6.6 5.5 5.6 5.9 6.1 0.2

South Carolina........................... 170 168 168 170 172 2 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 0.0

South Dakota............................ 29 28 25 30 29 -1 6.0 5.7 5.2 6.1 5.8 -0.3

Tennessee................................ 260 225 189 235 309 74 7.4 6.3 5.4 6.6 8.5 1.9

Texas..................................... 995 782 774 809 811 2 6.8 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.5 0.0

Utah....................................... 119 95 105 121 106 -15 6.6 5.2 5.7 6.5 5.8 -0.7

Vermont................................... 23 19 18 18 20 2 7.0 5.9 5.6 5.6 6.1 0.5

Virginia.................................... 338 290 243 264 263 -1 7.6 6.5 5.5 6.0 5.9 -0.1

Washington............................... 217 168 189 184 171 -13 5.8 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.5 -0.3

West Virginia............................. 60 53 52 53 56 3 7.9 7.0 6.9 7.0 7.3 0.3

Wisconsin................................. 203 162 165 211 223 12 6.4 5.1 5.2 6.6 6.9 0.3

Wyoming.................................. 22 18 19 19 20 1 7.2 5.8 6.1 6.1 6.4 0.3

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,226 5,940 5,822 5,850 5,871 21 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.0

Alabama.................................. 110 96 97 94 92 -2 5.2 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Alaska..................................... 21 20 16 19 17 -2 6.6 6.2 4.9 5.8 5.2 -0.6

Arizona.................................... 149 135 127 130 129 -1 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.1 0.0

Arkansas.................................. 59 63 59 59 57 -2 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.2 -0.1

California................................. 600 617 620 528 546 18 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.0 0.1

Colorado.................................. 119 112 87 100 121 21 4.1 3.9 3.0 3.4 4.1 0.7

Connecticut............................... 58 52 61 62 59 -3 3.5 3.1 3.6 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Delaware................................. 25 24 26 24 24 0 5.3 4.9 5.4 5.0 4.9 -0.1

District of Columbia..................... 22 25 26 24 24 0 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.1 0.0

Florida..................................... 409 377 388 390 426 36 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.3 0.3

Georgia................................... 252 218 236 224 201 -23 5.2 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.1 -0.4

Hawaii..................................... 25 21 21 22 21 -1 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Idaho...................................... 47 37 38 33 37 4 5.6 4.3 4.5 3.9 4.3 0.4

Illinois..................................... 258 239 210 222 201 -21 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Indiana.................................... 138 123 138 125 120 -5 4.3 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Iowa....................................... 55 55 53 54 52 -2 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Kansas.................................... 55 52 56 54 50 -4 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Kentucky.................................. 102 85 82 96 98 2 5.1 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.8 0.1

Louisiana................................. 92 115 111 103 103 0 4.8 5.9 5.7 5.2 5.2 0.0

Maine..................................... 25 24 23 26 26 0 3.9 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.0 0.0

Maryland.................................. 106 104 109 105 108 3 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9 0.1

Massachusetts........................... 130 121 120 127 127 0 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 0.0

Michigan.................................. 168 155 166 153 140 -13 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.2 -0.2

Minnesota................................ 110 102 105 95 111 16 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.7 0.5

Mississippi................................ 55 57 57 49 52 3 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.2 4.4 0.2

Missouri................................... 112 102 99 100 113 13 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.8 0.4

Montana.................................. 30 28 25 24 25 1 5.8 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.8 0.2

Nebraska................................. 40 40 38 38 40 2 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.8 0.2

Nevada.................................... 76 65 64 58 61 3 5.0 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.9 0.2

New Hampshire.......................... 31 25 29 30 30 0 4.5 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.3 0.0

New Jersey............................... 152 168 146 170 162 -8 3.5 3.9 3.4 3.9 3.7 -0.2

New Mexico.............................. 39 34 39 33 34 1 4.6 3.9 4.5 3.8 3.9 0.1

New York................................. 295 282 287 282 274 -8 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 -0.1

North Carolina........................... 218 204 183 202 192 -10 4.5 4.2 3.7 4.1 3.9 -0.2

North Dakota............................. 19 19 17 17 19 2 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.9 4.3 0.4

Ohio....................................... 205 200 189 214 240 26 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.8 4.2 0.4

Oklahoma................................. 87 78 85 81 84 3 5.1 4.5 4.9 4.7 4.8 0.1

Oregon.................................... 94 77 70 73 74 1 4.8 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.7 0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 188 181 177 203 230 27 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.7 0.4

Rhode Island............................. 20 19 19 21 21 0 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.2 0.0

South Carolina........................... 111 112 100 107 99 -8 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.6 4.3 -0.3

South Dakota............................ 19 20 18 18 18 0 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.9 0.0

Tennessee................................ 162 154 158 150 158 8 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.7 0.2

Texas..................................... 582 572 526 625 557 -68 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.5 4.0 -0.5

Utah....................................... 85 68 64 59 67 8 5.0 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.9 0.5

Vermont................................... 13 12 11 13 13 0 4.3 3.9 3.6 4.2 4.2 0.0

Virginia.................................... 168 177 179 154 163 9 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.9 0.2

Washington............................... 133 119 123 111 109 -2 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.0 -0.1

West Virginia............................. 35 33 36 33 34 1 5.0 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.8 0.1

Wisconsin................................. 109 108 100 109 97 -12 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.2 -0.4

Wyoming.................................. 16 13 13 12 13 1 5.6 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.4 0.3

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 5,810 5,691 5,638 5,687 5,530 -157 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Alabama.................................. 87 87 101 95 84 -11 4.1 4.0 4.7 4.4 3.9 -0.5

Alaska..................................... 22 16 20 25 18 -7 6.9 4.9 6.1 7.6 5.5 -2.1

Arizona.................................... 139 160 131 135 132 -3 4.5 5.1 4.1 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Arkansas.................................. 56 54 56 56 55 -1 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 -0.1

California................................. 583 518 496 457 506 49 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.8 0.3

Colorado.................................. 119 110 106 120 99 -21 4.1 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.4 -0.7

Connecticut............................... 52 56 60 48 49 1 3.1 3.3 3.5 2.8 2.9 0.1

Delaware................................. 23 23 23 22 24 2 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.9 0.4

District of Columbia..................... 26 25 25 24 24 0 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 0.0

Florida..................................... 354 412 363 348 389 41 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.6 4.0 0.4

Georgia................................... 237 191 203 201 198 -3 4.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Hawaii..................................... 23 19 21 22 23 1 3.7 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 0.1

Idaho...................................... 40 35 39 42 41 -1 4.8 4.1 4.6 4.9 4.8 -0.1

Illinois..................................... 253 216 186 231 186 -45 4.2 3.5 3.0 3.8 3.0 -0.8

Indiana.................................... 126 131 132 127 127 0 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 0.0

Iowa....................................... 59 59 60 67 54 -13 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.2 3.4 -0.8

Kansas.................................... 52 65 49 57 52 -5 3.6 4.5 3.4 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Kentucky.................................. 91 84 85 84 87 3 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 0.2

Louisiana................................. 83 92 86 102 100 -2 4.3 4.7 4.4 5.2 5.1 -0.1

Maine..................................... 23 22 22 20 24 4 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.7 0.6

Maryland.................................. 105 95 103 107 107 0 3.9 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.9 0.0

Massachusetts........................... 107 103 97 83 85 2 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.2 0.0

Michigan.................................. 166 154 152 153 148 -5 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Minnesota................................ 111 111 110 111 114 3 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 0.1

Mississippi................................ 54 51 60 53 50 -3 4.6 4.3 5.1 4.5 4.3 -0.2

Missouri................................... 102 98 102 114 111 -3 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Montana.................................. 28 27 29 28 29 1 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.6 0.2

Nebraska................................. 37 37 38 46 38 -8 3.6 3.5 3.6 4.4 3.6 -0.8

Nevada.................................... 60 65 64 65 59 -6 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.8 -0.4

New Hampshire.......................... 29 31 30 25 27 2 4.2 4.4 4.3 3.6 3.8 0.2

New Jersey............................... 152 128 153 118 127 9 3.5 3.0 3.5 2.7 2.9 0.2

New Mexico.............................. 35 36 37 34 34 0 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.9 0.0

New York................................. 293 256 250 257 259 2 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 0.1

North Carolina........................... 201 198 202 222 191 -31 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.5 3.9 -0.6

North Dakota............................. 18 20 18 22 19 -3 4.2 4.6 4.1 5.0 4.3 -0.7

Ohio....................................... 217 200 213 221 204 -17 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Oklahoma................................. 77 76 74 71 72 1 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.1 0.0

Oregon.................................... 78 73 76 79 76 -3 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 164 203 182 172 180 8 2.7 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.9 0.1

Rhode Island............................. 20 17 20 17 20 3 4.0 3.4 4.1 3.4 4.0 0.6

South Carolina........................... 101 96 100 109 109 0 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.7 4.7 0.0

South Dakota............................ 18 19 20 20 19 -1 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Tennessee................................ 152 133 143 142 143 1 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 0.0

Texas..................................... 512 571 541 574 533 -41 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Utah....................................... 71 70 75 81 70 -11 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.1 -0.6

Vermont................................... 12 12 13 12 12 0 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.9 3.9 0.0

Virginia.................................... 158 164 175 158 145 -13 3.8 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.5 -0.3

Washington............................... 123 114 136 136 121 -15 3.5 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.3 -0.4

West Virginia............................. 33 37 35 35 35 0 4.7 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 112 103 111 121 107 -14 3.8 3.4 3.7 4.0 3.5 -0.5

Wyoming.................................. 14 15 15 16 15 -1 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.1 -0.4

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 4,065 3,802 3,619 3,663 3,661 -2 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Alabama.................................. 68 62 63 65 55 -10 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.5 -0.5

Alaska..................................... 15 11 11 13 11 -2 4.7 3.4 3.4 4.0 3.4 -0.6

Arizona.................................... 98 104 94 86 92 6 3.1 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.9 0.2

Arkansas.................................. 41 37 37 39 37 -2 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 -0.2

California................................. 381 340 312 275 312 37 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.7 0.2

Colorado.................................. 80 75 67 88 66 -22 2.8 2.6 2.3 3.0 2.3 -0.7

Connecticut............................... 37 33 33 23 31 8 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.8 0.4

Delaware................................. 17 16 15 15 16 1 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.3 0.2

District of Columbia..................... 19 18 16 16 15 -1 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.9 -0.2

Florida..................................... 261 297 273 239 281 42 2.7 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.9 0.5

Georgia................................... 188 128 143 133 138 5 3.9 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.8 0.1

Hawaii..................................... 16 12 12 14 13 -1 2.6 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.1 -0.1

Idaho...................................... 28 24 25 26 27 1 3.4 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 0.1

Illinois..................................... 172 149 112 118 127 9 2.8 2.4 1.8 1.9 2.1 0.2

Indiana.................................... 86 89 84 88 83 -5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5 -0.2

Iowa....................................... 44 36 38 44 35 -9 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.2 -0.6

Kansas.................................... 38 44 31 38 34 -4 2.7 3.0 2.1 2.6 2.3 -0.3

Kentucky.................................. 69 56 59 59 61 2 3.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 0.1

Louisiana................................. 60 62 58 72 66 -6 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.7 3.3 -0.4

Maine..................................... 16 13 11 11 14 3 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.2 0.5

Maryland.................................. 78 64 62 71 72 1 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.6 0.0

Massachusetts........................... 75 58 48 46 57 11 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.3

Michigan.................................. 108 105 92 92 93 1 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 0.0

Minnesota................................ 80 74 70 68 68 0 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Mississippi................................ 39 36 37 37 34 -3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 2.9 -0.3

Missouri................................... 70 62 66 75 69 -6 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Montana.................................. 20 18 16 17 18 1 3.9 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.5 0.2

Nebraska................................. 25 24 24 30 24 -6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.3 -0.6

Nevada.................................... 45 45 41 42 40 -2 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.6 -0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 18 19 15 13 16 3 2.6 2.7 2.1 1.9 2.3 0.4

New Jersey............................... 96 68 90 70 85 15 2.2 1.6 2.1 1.6 2.0 0.4

New Mexico.............................. 23 25 21 22 23 1 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.6 0.1

New York................................. 168 141 138 127 147 20 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.2

North Carolina........................... 147 143 135 141 130 -11 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.6 -0.3

North Dakota............................. 12 13 11 14 12 -2 2.8 3.0 2.5 3.2 2.7 -0.5

Ohio....................................... 137 132 137 150 122 -28 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.2 -0.5

Oklahoma................................. 58 55 50 46 47 1 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.7 0.0

Oregon.................................... 56 49 46 48 48 0 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 0.0

Pennsylvania............................. 119 126 122 112 123 11 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.0 0.2

Rhode Island............................. 13 10 9 9 11 2 2.6 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.2 0.4

South Carolina........................... 77 69 69 76 74 -2 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.2 -0.1

South Dakota............................ 13 13 12 13 12 -1 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 -0.2

Tennessee................................ 117 94 95 101 97 -4 3.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 -0.1

Texas..................................... 369 411 373 425 396 -29 2.7 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Utah....................................... 51 46 49 56 46 -10 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.2 2.7 -0.5

Vermont................................... 8 7 7 7 7 0 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Virginia.................................... 114 111 109 108 100 -8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Washington............................... 83 73 81 76 73 -3 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 -0.1

West Virginia............................. 24 24 23 24 23 -1 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Wisconsin................................. 80 71 69 73 72 -1 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 0.0

Wyoming.................................. 10 10 9 10 10 0 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.4 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 1,436 1,551 1,681 1,682 1,517 -165 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Alabama.................................. 15 20 34 24 24 0 0.7 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.1 0.0

Alaska..................................... 6 5 7 10 5 -5 1.9 1.5 2.1 3.1 1.5 -1.6

Arizona.................................... 33 51 30 43 31 -12 1.1 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.0 -0.4

Arkansas.................................. 12 14 16 14 16 2 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.2

California................................. 168 148 164 150 147 -3 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.0

Colorado.................................. 30 31 34 27 25 -2 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.0

Connecticut............................... 12 16 23 20 12 -8 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.7 -0.5

Delaware................................. 5 6 7 6 7 1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 0.2

District of Columbia..................... 5 6 7 6 7 1 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.1

Florida..................................... 81 96 74 80 89 9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1

Georgia................................... 38 50 51 57 47 -10 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Hawaii..................................... 5 6 6 6 6 0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0

Idaho...................................... 10 10 11 12 10 -2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 -0.2

Illinois..................................... 70 55 63 103 50 -53 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.7 0.8 -0.9

Indiana.................................... 33 34 42 35 33 -2 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Iowa....................................... 12 19 18 20 16 -4 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 -0.3

Kansas.................................... 12 17 14 18 15 -3 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Kentucky.................................. 18 24 22 20 22 2 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.1

Louisiana................................. 18 24 24 25 28 3 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.1

Maine..................................... 6 7 9 6 6 0 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.0

Maryland.................................. 21 25 34 28 28 0 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.0

Massachusetts........................... 26 35 44 25 20 -5 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.5 -0.2

Michigan.................................. 51 38 51 56 48 -8 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.1 -0.2

Minnesota................................ 26 31 31 39 40 1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.0

Mississippi................................ 13 12 20 13 13 0 1.1 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.1 0.0

Missouri................................... 28 28 28 33 35 2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.1

Montana.................................. 6 8 9 9 8 -1 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 -0.2

Nebraska................................. 10 10 11 14 12 -2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 -0.2

Nevada.................................... 11 18 18 19 15 -4 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 -0.2

New Hampshire.......................... 9 9 13 9 8 -1 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.1 -0.2

New Jersey............................... 47 47 55 35 32 -3 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.7 -0.1

New Mexico.............................. 9 10 12 10 8 -2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.9 -0.2

New York................................. 108 91 99 112 95 -17 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

North Carolina........................... 44 44 51 68 55 -13 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.1 -0.3

North Dakota............................. 5 5 6 7 6 -1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.4 -0.2

Ohio....................................... 71 56 65 65 71 6 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.1

Oklahoma................................. 16 18 19 21 21 0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.0

Oregon.................................... 17 22 23 24 20 -4 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Pennsylvania............................. 34 55 52 48 46 -2 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 -0.1

Rhode Island............................. 5 6 9 7 6 -1 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.2 -0.2

South Carolina........................... 20 22 27 28 31 3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.1

South Dakota............................ 5 5 6 6 6 0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.0

Tennessee................................ 29 32 43 34 40 6 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.2

Texas..................................... 117 141 119 126 116 -10 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Utah....................................... 16 22 22 21 19 -2 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Vermont................................... 3 3 5 3 3 0 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 0.0

Virginia.................................... 33 46 57 40 40 0 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.0

Washington............................... 31 35 46 45 35 -10 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 -0.2

West Virginia............................. 7 10 10 9 10 1 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.1

Wisconsin................................. 25 25 33 42 30 -12 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.0 -0.4

Wyoming.................................. 3 5 4 5 4 -1 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.4 -0.3

p Preliminary
Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 10,901 9,523 9,639 6.6 5.7 5.8

Alabama................................................................. 155 137 145 6.8 6.0 6.3

Alaska................................................................... 23 36 21 6.5 9.5 6.0

Arizona.................................................................. 233 213 199 7.0 6.3 5.9

Arkansas................................................................ 107 96 97 7.4 6.6 6.6

California................................................................ 1,221 973 922 6.4 5.1 4.9

Colorado................................................................ 191 198 184 6.2 6.3 5.9

Connecticut............................................................. 131 94 101 7.3 5.3 5.6

Delaware................................................................ 35 28 33 6.8 5.4 6.3

District of Columbia.................................................... 47 34 45 5.8 4.2 5.5

Florida................................................................... 629 606 600 6.2 5.9 5.8

Georgia.................................................................. 403 323 354 7.7 6.2 6.7

Hawaii................................................................... 37 36 32 5.6 5.4 4.8

Idaho.................................................................... 60 50 52 6.7 5.5 5.7

Illinois.................................................................... 434 415 382 6.6 6.3 5.8

Indiana.................................................................. 205 171 175 6.0 5.0 5.1

Iowa..................................................................... 122 82 88 7.2 4.9 5.2

Kansas.................................................................. 103 89 85 6.7 5.8 5.6

Kentucky................................................................ 158 132 135 7.4 6.1 6.2

Louisiana................................................................ 140 144 144 6.8 6.9 6.8

Maine.................................................................... 41 40 42 5.9 5.7 5.9

Maryland................................................................ 202 157 183 6.9 5.4 6.2

Massachusetts......................................................... 280 250 219 7.0 6.2 5.5

Michigan................................................................ 338 246 269 7.1 5.2 5.7

Minnesota............................................................... 209 196 204 6.6 6.1 6.4

Mississippi.............................................................. 98 92 89 7.7 7.3 7.1

Missouri................................................................. 213 184 182 6.7 5.8 5.7

Montana................................................................. 41 35 37 7.3 6.2 6.6

Nebraska................................................................ 69 61 62 6.2 5.5 5.6

Nevada.................................................................. 100 96 102 6.2 5.8 6.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 49 44 42 6.6 5.8 5.6

New Jersey............................................................. 266 214 240 5.9 4.7 5.2

New Mexico............................................................ 66 72 58 7.2 7.7 6.3

New York............................................................... 523 469 471 5.2 4.6 4.6

North Carolina.......................................................... 355 338 325 6.8 6.4 6.2

North Dakota........................................................... 33 29 31 7.1 6.2 6.5

Ohio..................................................................... 397 350 357 6.7 5.8 5.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 140 117 129 7.5 6.4 6.9

Oregon.................................................................. 149 114 129 7.0 5.4 6.0

Pennsylvania........................................................... 367 376 393 5.7 5.8 6.0

Rhode Island........................................................... 36 33 33 6.7 6.2 6.2

South Carolina......................................................... 166 161 168 6.8 6.5 6.8

South Dakota........................................................... 29 31 29 6.0 6.2 5.8

Tennessee.............................................................. 257 244 311 7.3 6.9 8.5

Texas.................................................................... 1,032 855 844 7.1 5.8 5.7

Utah..................................................................... 119 123 106 6.5 6.7 5.8

Vermont................................................................. 19 17 17 5.9 5.3 5.3

Virginia.................................................................. 356 254 278 8.0 5.8 6.3

Washington............................................................. 216 184 171 5.7 4.8 4.5

West Virginia........................................................... 70 53 66 9.1 7.0 8.5

Wisconsin............................................................... 212 211 238 6.6 6.5 7.3

Wyoming................................................................ 21 19 19 6.7 5.9 6.0

p Preliminary
Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 6,290 6,621 5,890 4.1 4.2 3.8

Alabama................................................................. 115 106 95 5.4 4.9 4.4

Alaska................................................................... 17 22 13 5.0 6.3 4.0

Arizona.................................................................. 155 164 130 5.0 5.2 4.1

Arkansas................................................................ 67 80 63 4.9 5.9 4.6

California................................................................ 597 609 536 3.4 3.4 3.0

Colorado................................................................ 109 106 111 3.8 3.6 3.8

Connecticut............................................................. 60 66 62 3.6 3.9 3.6

Delaware................................................................ 23 22 21 4.8 4.5 4.4

District of Columbia.................................................... 26 23 28 3.4 3.0 3.5

Florida................................................................... 406 448 434 4.3 4.6 4.4

Georgia.................................................................. 248 263 196 5.1 5.3 4.0

Hawaii................................................................... 26 24 22 4.1 3.9 3.4

Idaho.................................................................... 48 34 38 5.8 3.9 4.4

Illinois.................................................................... 254 251 190 4.2 4.1 3.1

Indiana.................................................................. 136 150 114 4.2 4.6 3.5

Iowa..................................................................... 58 55 54 3.7 3.5 3.4

Kansas.................................................................. 55 66 48 3.8 4.6 3.3

Kentucky................................................................ 105 126 102 5.3 6.2 5.0

Louisiana................................................................ 89 120 100 4.6 6.1 5.1

Maine.................................................................... 21 24 23 3.3 3.7 3.5

Maryland................................................................ 105 95 105 3.8 3.4 3.8

Massachusetts......................................................... 149 126 148 4.0 3.3 3.9

Michigan................................................................ 170 165 137 3.9 3.7 3.1

Minnesota............................................................... 103 107 106 3.5 3.5 3.5

Mississippi.............................................................. 56 65 52 4.8 5.6 4.4

Missouri................................................................. 116 114 119 3.9 3.8 4.0

Montana................................................................. 30 25 25 5.8 4.8 4.7

Nebraska................................................................ 38 43 38 3.7 4.1 3.6

Nevada.................................................................. 80 70 64 5.3 4.5 4.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 27 33 26 3.8 4.7 3.8

New Jersey............................................................. 172 165 184 4.0 3.8 4.2

New Mexico............................................................ 38 45 32 4.4 5.2 3.7

New York............................................................... 313 290 290 3.3 3.0 3.0

North Carolina.......................................................... 213 232 184 4.4 4.7 3.7

North Dakota........................................................... 21 19 20 4.8 4.5 4.6

Ohio..................................................................... 204 244 245 3.7 4.3 4.3

Oklahoma............................................................... 93 97 91 5.4 5.6 5.2

Oregon.................................................................. 108 77 85 5.5 3.9 4.2

Pennsylvania........................................................... 181 221 230 3.0 3.6 3.7

Rhode Island........................................................... 21 22 21 4.1 4.3 4.3

South Carolina......................................................... 108 120 93 4.8 5.2 4.0

South Dakota........................................................... 18 22 18 4.0 4.6 3.7

Tennessee.............................................................. 154 174 151 4.7 5.3 4.5

Texas.................................................................... 591 747 550 4.4 5.4 3.9

Utah..................................................................... 86 67 71 5.1 3.9 4.1

Vermont................................................................. 11 12 10 3.5 4.0 3.4

Virginia.................................................................. 164 178 157 4.0 4.3 3.8

Washington............................................................. 143 119 114 4.0 3.3 3.1

West Virginia........................................................... 39 38 39 5.6 5.3 5.4

Wisconsin............................................................... 109 117 90 3.7 3.9 3.0

Wyoming................................................................ 15 13 12 5.1 4.2 4.1

p Preliminary
Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 6,078 6,769 5,750 4.0 4.3 3.7

Alabama................................................................. 92 114 87 4.4 5.3 4.0

Alaska................................................................... 31 36 26 9.4 10.4 7.6

Arizona.................................................................. 120 142 113 3.9 4.5 3.6

Arkansas................................................................ 53 63 51 3.9 4.7 3.8

California................................................................ 586 539 504 3.3 3.0 2.8

Colorado................................................................ 137 155 113 4.8 5.3 3.9

Connecticut............................................................. 59 63 56 3.5 3.7 3.3

Delaware................................................................ 27 25 28 5.7 5.2 5.8

District of Columbia.................................................... 26 31 23 3.4 3.9 3.0

Florida................................................................... 340 384 369 3.6 3.9 3.8

Georgia.................................................................. 242 223 196 5.0 4.5 4.0

Hawaii................................................................... 24 30 25 3.9 4.8 3.9

Idaho.................................................................... 47 53 49 5.6 6.1 5.6

Illinois.................................................................... 262 257 195 4.3 4.2 3.2

Indiana.................................................................. 126 155 123 3.9 4.7 3.8

Iowa..................................................................... 64 87 57 4.1 5.5 3.6

Kansas.................................................................. 54 74 53 3.8 5.1 3.6

Kentucky................................................................ 88 99 85 4.4 4.9 4.2

Louisiana................................................................ 84 114 104 4.4 5.8 5.3

Maine.................................................................... 30 24 32 4.6 3.6 4.9

Maryland................................................................ 115 132 116 4.2 4.8 4.2

Massachusetts......................................................... 144 113 120 3.9 3.0 3.2

Michigan................................................................ 183 172 161 4.2 3.9 3.6

Minnesota............................................................... 119 126 123 4.0 4.2 4.1

Mississippi.............................................................. 53 65 47 4.5 5.6 4.0

Missouri................................................................. 106 137 115 3.6 4.6 3.8

Montana................................................................. 34 35 36 6.6 6.6 6.8

Nebraska................................................................ 37 53 38 3.6 5.1 3.7

Nevada.................................................................. 59 75 56 3.9 4.9 3.6

New Hampshire........................................................ 35 29 34 5.0 4.2 4.8

New Jersey............................................................. 195 138 165 4.6 3.2 3.8

New Mexico............................................................ 34 46 33 4.0 5.2 3.8

New York............................................................... 315 341 287 3.3 3.5 3.0

North Carolina.......................................................... 206 266 193 4.3 5.4 3.9

North Dakota........................................................... 18 26 19 4.1 6.0 4.2

Ohio..................................................................... 228 264 217 4.1 4.7 3.8

Oklahoma............................................................... 74 84 68 4.3 4.9 3.9

Oregon.................................................................. 83 102 79 4.2 5.1 4.0

Pennsylvania........................................................... 162 205 180 2.7 3.3 2.9

Rhode Island........................................................... 22 21 23 4.4 4.1 4.5

South Carolina......................................................... 103 122 114 4.5 5.3 4.9

South Dakota........................................................... 23 26 24 5.1 5.5 5.2

Tennessee.............................................................. 153 158 145 4.6 4.8 4.3

Texas.................................................................... 529 697 543 3.9 5.0 3.9

Utah..................................................................... 76 105 73 4.5 6.1 4.2

Vermont................................................................. 13 13 13 4.4 4.4 4.3

Virginia.................................................................. 170 185 154 4.1 4.5 3.7

Washington............................................................. 124 162 121 3.5 4.4 3.3

West Virginia........................................................... 31 41 33 4.4 5.8 4.6

Wisconsin............................................................... 121 144 115 4.0 4.8 3.8

Wyoming................................................................ 18 22 17 6.0 7.2 5.7

p Preliminary
Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 4,284 4,542 3,863 2.8 2.9 2.5

Alabama................................................................. 72 82 56 3.4 3.8 2.6

Alaska................................................................... 20 20 16 6.2 5.7 4.8

Arizona.................................................................. 89 90 81 2.9 2.9 2.6

Arkansas................................................................ 39 46 34 2.9 3.4 2.5

California................................................................ 398 327 328 2.2 1.8 1.8

Colorado................................................................ 95 110 79 3.3 3.8 2.7

Connecticut............................................................. 38 34 32 2.3 2.0 1.9

Delaware................................................................ 21 18 19 4.4 3.8 3.9

District of Columbia.................................................... 19 22 15 2.5 2.8 2.0

Florida................................................................... 251 265 271 2.7 2.7 2.8

Georgia.................................................................. 190 158 140 3.9 3.2 2.8

Hawaii................................................................... 17 19 15 2.8 3.0 2.4

Idaho.................................................................... 34 35 34 4.1 4.0 4.0

Illinois.................................................................... 183 154 138 3.0 2.5 2.2

Indiana.................................................................. 85 108 80 2.7 3.3 2.4

Iowa..................................................................... 46 59 36 2.9 3.7 2.2

Kansas.................................................................. 38 49 34 2.7 3.4 2.3

Kentucky................................................................ 68 74 60 3.4 3.7 2.9

Louisiana................................................................ 61 85 67 3.2 4.3 3.4

Maine.................................................................... 20 14 19 3.1 2.2 2.9

Maryland................................................................ 84 92 78 3.1 3.3 2.8

Massachusetts......................................................... 93 64 76 2.5 1.7 2.0

Michigan................................................................ 119 116 103 2.7 2.6 2.3

Minnesota............................................................... 88 80 75 3.0 2.6 2.5

Mississippi.............................................................. 37 47 32 3.2 4.1 2.7

Missouri................................................................. 74 91 73 2.5 3.0 2.4

Montana................................................................. 25 21 24 4.8 4.1 4.6

Nebraska................................................................ 26 36 25 2.5 3.5 2.4

Nevada.................................................................. 45 51 38 3.0 3.3 2.4

New Hampshire........................................................ 22 16 20 3.2 2.3 2.8

New Jersey............................................................. 121 84 109 2.8 1.9 2.5

New Mexico............................................................ 23 29 23 2.7 3.3 2.6

New York............................................................... 171 182 154 1.8 1.9 1.6

North Carolina.......................................................... 152 172 134 3.2 3.5 2.7

North Dakota........................................................... 12 17 12 2.8 4.0 2.8

Ohio..................................................................... 153 186 136 2.7 3.3 2.4

Oklahoma............................................................... 57 57 46 3.3 3.3 2.7

Oregon.................................................................. 63 62 55 3.2 3.1 2.7

Pennsylvania........................................................... 119 146 125 2.0 2.4 2.0

Rhode Island........................................................... 15 12 13 2.9 2.4 2.6

South Carolina......................................................... 80 88 79 3.6 3.8 3.4

South Dakota........................................................... 16 17 16 3.6 3.7 3.4

Tennessee.............................................................. 120 117 100 3.6 3.6 3.0

Texas.................................................................... 384 547 408 2.8 3.9 2.9

Utah..................................................................... 58 77 50 3.4 4.4 2.9

Vermont................................................................. 9 8 8 2.8 2.7 2.5

Virginia.................................................................. 121 131 106 2.9 3.2 2.6

Washington............................................................. 88 93 77 2.5 2.6 2.1

West Virginia........................................................... 23 30 21 3.3 4.2 3.0

Wisconsin............................................................... 88 90 80 2.9 3.0 2.7

Wyoming................................................................ 13 14 12 4.4 4.6 4.1

p Preliminary
Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 1,491 1,837 1,542 1.0 1.2 1.0

Alabama................................................................. 16 26 25 0.8 1.2 1.2

Alaska................................................................... 9 13 7 2.7 3.9 2.2

Arizona.................................................................. 25 46 23 0.8 1.5 0.7

Arkansas................................................................ 11 14 14 0.8 1.0 1.1

California................................................................ 155 181 133 0.9 1.0 0.7

Colorado................................................................ 33 38 25 1.1 1.3 0.9

Connecticut............................................................. 17 24 18 1.0 1.4 1.0

Delaware................................................................ 6 6 8 1.2 1.2 1.7

District of Columbia.................................................... 5 6 6 0.7 0.8 0.8

Florida................................................................... 78 78 85 0.8 0.8 0.9

Georgia.................................................................. 40 54 42 0.8 1.1 0.9

Hawaii................................................................... 5 9 6 0.8 1.4 1.0

Idaho.................................................................... 11 14 11 1.3 1.6 1.2

Illinois.................................................................... 69 93 48 1.1 1.5 0.8

Indiana.................................................................. 34 43 32 1.0 1.3 1.0

Iowa..................................................................... 15 25 18 0.9 1.6 1.2

Kansas.................................................................. 13 22 15 0.9 1.5 1.1

Kentucky................................................................ 17 20 21 0.9 1.0 1.0

Louisiana................................................................ 18 24 32 1.0 1.2 1.6

Maine.................................................................... 9 7 9 1.3 1.0 1.4

Maryland................................................................ 26 29 33 0.9 1.0 1.2

Massachusetts......................................................... 44 34 33 1.2 0.9 0.9

Michigan................................................................ 55 50 51 1.3 1.1 1.2

Minnesota............................................................... 25 42 42 0.9 1.4 1.4

Mississippi.............................................................. 14 15 13 1.2 1.2 1.1

Missouri................................................................. 28 40 35 0.9 1.3 1.2

Montana................................................................. 8 11 8 1.5 2.1 1.6

Nebraska................................................................ 9 14 11 0.9 1.4 1.1

Nevada.................................................................. 11 21 14 0.8 1.4 0.9

New Hampshire........................................................ 11 9 10 1.6 1.2 1.5

New Jersey............................................................. 63 38 41 1.5 0.9 0.9

New Mexico............................................................ 9 14 7 1.0 1.6 0.8

New York............................................................... 124 139 116 1.3 1.4 1.2

North Carolina.......................................................... 44 77 53 0.9 1.6 1.1

North Dakota........................................................... 5 7 5 1.1 1.7 1.1

Ohio..................................................................... 66 70 69 1.2 1.2 1.2

Oklahoma............................................................... 14 22 19 0.8 1.3 1.1

Oregon.................................................................. 16 32 17 0.8 1.6 0.9

Pennsylvania........................................................... 35 43 44 0.6 0.7 0.7

Rhode Island........................................................... 6 7 7 1.3 1.3 1.4

South Carolina......................................................... 19 29 32 0.8 1.3 1.4

South Dakota........................................................... 6 7 7 1.3 1.6 1.5

Tennessee.............................................................. 27 34 39 0.8 1.0 1.2

Texas.................................................................... 119 123 115 0.9 0.9 0.8

Utah..................................................................... 15 23 17 0.9 1.4 1.0

Vermont................................................................. 4 4 4 1.3 1.2 1.3

Virginia.................................................................. 39 43 43 0.9 1.0 1.0

Washington............................................................. 29 55 32 0.8 1.5 0.9

West Virginia........................................................... 7 9 9 0.9 1.3 1.3

Wisconsin............................................................... 25 47 29 0.8 1.6 1.0

Wyoming................................................................ 4 6 4 1.3 2.1 1.2

p Preliminary