For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, March 20, 2013 USDL-13-0477 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS — 2012 

The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time 

since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—declined by 2.2 percentage 

points to 9.9 percent in 2012, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate for all 

veterans fell by 1.3 percentage points to 7.0 percent. Twenty-eight percent of Gulf War-era II veterans 

reported having a service-connected disability in August 2012, compared with 14 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of 

about 60,000 households that provides data on employment and unemployment in the United States. 

Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; those monthly data are the source of the 2012 

annual averages presented in this release. In August 2012, a supplement to the CPS collected additional 

information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans’ current or past 

Reserve or National Guard membership. Information from the supplement is also presented in this 

release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. 

Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. For more information, see the 

Technical Note, which provides definitions of terms used in this release. 

Highlights from the 2012 data: 

 Among all veterans, the unemployment rate for men declined by 1.4 percentage points to 6.9 

percent in 2012. The rate for female veterans was little changed at 8.3 percent. (See table A.) 

 Veterans with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 6.5 percent in August 

2012, little different than the rate for veterans with no disability (7.1 percent). (See table 6.) 

 One in 3 employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public sector in 

August 2012, compared with 1 in 5 veterans with no disability. (See table 7.) 

 Gulf War-era II veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard 

had an unemployment rate of 7.2 percent in August 2012, lower than the rate for those veterans 

who had not been members of the Reserve or National Guard (13.7 percent). (See table 8.) 

 Gulf War-era II veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both had an unemployment rate of 

10.9 percent in August 2012, little different from those who served elsewhere (11.3 percent). 

(See table 9.) 
- 2 - 

The Veteran Population 

In 2012, 21.2 million men and women in the civilian noninstitutional population ages 18 and over were 

veterans. In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active 

duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. 

Veterans are more likely to be men and older than nonveterans. In part, this reflects the characteristics of 

veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Veterans who served 

during these wartime periods account for nearly one-half (9.9 million) of the total veteran population. A 

total of 5.6 million veterans served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War 

era II (September 2001 forward). Another 5.7 million served outside the designated wartime periods. 

Because age and other demographic differences affect labor force status, the next sections focus on 

veterans by period of service. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

Gulf War-era II Veterans 

In 2012, about 2.6 million of the nation's veterans had served during Gulf War era II. About 17 percent 

of these veterans were women, compared with 3 percent of veterans from World War II, the Korean 

War, and the Vietnam era. Almost half of all Gulf War-era II veterans were between the ages of 25 

and 34. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

Among male Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate fell by 2.5 percentage points to 9.5 

percent from 2011 to 2012. The rate for female veterans, at 12.5 percent in 2012, was little different 

from the prior year. (See table 1.) 

In 2012, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans age 18 to 24 was 20.0 percent, higher 

than the rate for nonveterans of the same age group (16.4 percent). The rate for male veterans age 25 to 

34 was also higher than the rate for their nonveteran counterparts (10.4 and 8.1 percent, respectively). 

For older age groups, the unemployment rates were little different for Gulf War-era II veterans and 

nonveterans. (See table 2B.) 

Veterans of Gulf War era II and nonveterans had similar occupational profiles in 2012 after accounting 

for gender. About one-third of the employed men in both groups worked in management and 

professional occupations, a higher proportion than in any other major occupational group. Among 

employed women, about 50 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans and 42 percent of nonveterans worked 

in management and professional occupations. (See table 4.) 

A higher proportion of employed Gulf War-era II veterans worked in the public sector in 2012 than 

employed nonveterans—25 and 14 percent, respectively. The federal government employed 14 percent 

of Gulf War-era II veterans, compared with about 2 percent of employed nonveterans. (See table 5.) 

In August 2012, approximately 35 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported that they had served in 

Iraq, Afghanistan, or both. (Some veterans did not report their location of service.) These veterans had 

an unemployment rate of 10.9 percent, not statistically different from Gulf War-era II veterans who 

served elsewhere (11.3 percent). (See table 9.) 
- 3 - 

Gulf War-era I Veterans 

For the 3.0 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001), the 

proportion that were women (16 percent in 2012) was similar to that of Gulf War-era II veterans. About 

88 percent of Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over, compared with 40 percent of Gulf War-era 

II veterans. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

In 2012, the unemployment rates for male and female Gulf War-era I veterans were 5.6 and 8.0 percent, 

respectively, lower than the rates for their Gulf War-era II veteran counterparts (9.5 and 12.5 percent, 

respectively). These differences in the unemployment rates reflect, at least in part, the older age profile 

of veterans who served during Gulf War era I. Younger workers—whether veterans or nonveterans—are 

more likely to be unemployed than older workers. Unemployment rates of Gulf War-era I veterans were 

little different from their nonveteran counterparts of the same age and gender groups. (See tables 2B and 

2C.) 

Veterans of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam Era 

In 2012, about 9.9 million veterans were estimated to have served during World War II, the Korean 

War, or the Vietnam era. All of these veterans were at least 55 years old, and two-thirds were at least 65 

years old. Nearly all (97 percent) of these veterans were men. In 2012, nearly one-third of male veterans 

of these wartime periods were in the labor force, and their unemployment rate was 6.4 percent. Male 

veterans of these wartime periods had lower labor force participation rates than did male nonveterans in 

the same age categories, while unemployment rates were similar. (See tables 1 and 2B.) 

Veterans of Other Service Periods 

In 2012, about 5.7 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly 

between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I. 

Because these veterans served between the major wartime periods, which span several decades, this 

group is concentrated in two age ranges. About 41 percent of these veterans were 45 to 54 years old, and 

another 38 percent were 65 years and over. (See table 2A.) 

Nine in 10 veterans of other service periods were men. Among most age groups, male veterans of 

service periods between the designated wartime periods had unemployment rates that were little 

different than those of male nonveterans. (See tables 1 and 2B.) 

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability 

In August 2012, about 3.0 million veterans, or 14 percent of the total, had a service-connected disability. 

(Some veterans did not report whether they had a service-connected disability.) Veterans with a serviceconnected disability are assigned a disability rating by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the 

U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage 

points, depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 6.) 

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, nearly 4 in 10 reported a disability rating of less 

than 30 percent, while about 3 in 10 had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2012, veterans with 

a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were more than twice as likely to be in the 

labor force as those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (58.1 and 26.1 percent, respectively). 
- 4 - 

Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, nearly 3 in 10 (712,000) reported having a serviceconnected disability. Of these, 70.3 percent were in the labor force in August 2012, compared with 87.0 

percent of veterans from this period with no service-connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II 

veterans, the unemployment rate of those with a disability was 8.0 percent, not statistically different 

from those with no disability (12.5 percent). 

In August 2012, about 17 percent (532,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported a 

service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate (72.6 percent) was lower than the rate 

for veterans from the era who did not have a disability (87.8 percent). Unemployment rates for Gulf 

War-era I veterans with and without service-connected disabilities were little different (5.0 and 6.3 

percent, respectively). 

Among the 1.3 million veterans with a service-connected disability from World War II, the Korean War, 

and the Vietnam era, 21.1 percent were in the labor force in August 2012, compared with 32.2 percent of 

veterans from these periods who did not have a service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of 

veterans with a disability from these wartime periods was 6.1 percent, little different from their 

counterparts with no disability (5.5 percent). 

Veterans with a service-connected disability from other service periods had a labor force participation 

rate of 54.0 percent in August 2012, compared with 56.0 percent for veterans with no disability from 

these periods. Among veterans from other service periods, the unemployment rates of those with and 

without service-connected disabilities were similar—6.5 and 6.4 percent, respectively. 

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public 

sector. In August 2012, 34 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked in federal, state, or 

local government, compared with 19 percent of veterans with no disability and 14 percent of 

nonveterans. The federal government employed 19 percent of veterans with a disability, compared with 

7 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of employed nonveterans. (See table 7.) 

Reserve and National Guard Membership 

Nearly 30 percent of both Gulf War-era I and Gulf War-era II veterans were reported to be current or 

past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, those who were 

current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate of 7.2 percent in 

August 2012, lower than the rate for those who had never been members (13.7 percent). Gulf War-era II 

veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had a higher labor force 

participation rate than those who had never been members (85.8 and 78.7 percent, respectively). For 

veterans of Gulf War-era I, labor force participation rates and unemployment rates were similar for 

members and nonmembers. (See table 8.) 
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,

period of service, and sex, 2011-2012 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service

2011 2012

Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 21,613 19,812 1,801 21,183 19,368 1,815

Civilian labor force................................................... 11,320 10,204 1,116 11,006 9,884 1,122

Participation rate................................................... 52.4 51.5 62.0 52.0 51.0 61.8

Employed........................................................... 10,375 9,360 1,015 10,233 9,204 1,029

Employment-population ratio.................................. 48.0 47.2 56.3 48.3 47.5 56.7

Unemployed........................................................ 945 844 101 773 680 93

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.3 8.3 9.1 7.0 6.9 8.3

Not in labor force..................................................... 10,293 9,608 685 10,177 9,484 693

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 2,387 1,982 405 2,566 2,136 431

Civilian labor force................................................... 1,937 1,656 281 2,071 1,774 297

Participation rate................................................... 81.2 83.5 69.5 80.7 83.1 68.9

Employed........................................................... 1,704 1,457 246 1,866 1,606 259

Employment-population ratio.................................. 71.4 73.5 60.9 72.7 75.2 60.2

Unemployed........................................................ 234 199 35 205 168 37

Unemployment rate............................................. 12.1 12.0 12.4 9.9 9.5 12.5

Not in labor force..................................................... 450 327 123 496 362 134

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 209,278 92,019 117,259 213,211 93,425 119,785

Civilian labor force................................................... 140,424 70,854 69,570 142,017 71,493 70,524

Participation rate................................................... 67.1 77.0 59.3 66.6 76.5 58.9

Employed........................................................... 128,140 64,280 63,859 130,817 65,692 65,125

Employment-population ratio.................................. 61.2 69.9 54.5 61.4 70.3 54.4

Unemployed........................................................ 12,284 6,573 5,710 11,200 5,801 5,399

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.7 9.3 8.2 7.9 8.1 7.7

Not in labor force..................................................... 68,854 21,166 47,689 71,194 21,933 49,261

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces.
Technical Note 

The data in this release were collected through the 

Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a monthly 

survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by 

the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor 

Statistics—obtains information on employment and 

unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional 

population age 16 and over. 

Most of the data in this release are annual averages for 

2012, compiled from the results of the monthly survey. In 

August 2012, a supplement to the CPS collected additional 

information about veterans on topics such as serviceconnected disability, veterans' Reserve or National Guard 

status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan. 

The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department 

of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's 

Veterans' Employment and Training Service. Questions 

were asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding 

their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are 

tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older. 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

Definitions 

The definitions underlying the data in this release are 

as follows: 

Veterans are men and women who previously served 

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were 

civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the 

Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they 

had ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on 

active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of 

the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as are 

persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes 

and prisons. 

Nonveterans are men and women who never served on 

active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. 

World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf 

War-era veterans are men and women who served in the 

U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service, 

regardless of where in the world they served. Veterans who 

served in more than one wartime period are classified in the 

most recent one. 

Veterans of other service periods are men and women 

who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time other than 

World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf 

War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in 

several armed conflicts during other service periods, these 

conflicts were more limited in scope and included a smaller 

proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime 

periods. Veterans who served during one of the selected 

wartime periods and during another period are classified in 

the wartime period. 

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the 

question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. 

Armed Forces?" 

Period of service identifies when a veteran served in 

the Armed Forces, but not the location of their service. It is 

obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans, 

"When did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed 

Forces?" The following service periods are identified: 

Gulf War era II — September 2001-present 

Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001 

Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975 

Korean War — July 1950-January 1955 

World War II — December 1941-December 1946 

Other service periods — All other time periods 

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world 

during these periods of service. Veterans are counted only 

in one period of service, their most recent wartime period. 

Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are 

classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in 

both a wartime period and any other service period are 

classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service 

definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in 

law, regulations, and program needs of the survey sponsors. 

Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are 

individuals who served in Iraq at any time since March 

2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in 

both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined 

by answers to two questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the 

coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time 

since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or 

did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since 

October 2001?" 

Presence of service-connected disability is determined 

by answers to the question, "Has the Department of 

Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) 

determined that you have a service-connected disability, 

that is, a health condition or impairment caused or made 

worse by any of your military service?" 

Service-connected disability rating is based on 

answers to the question, "What is your current serviceconnected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 

100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings 

are determined by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule 

published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38, 

"Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—

"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is 

"primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting 

from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a 

result of or incident to military service. The percentage 

ratings represent as far as can practicably be determined the 

average impairment in earning capacity resulting from such 

diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil 
occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of 

possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 

percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders. 

Reserve and National Guard membership refers only 

to Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past members 

of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve 

and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever 

been called to active duty. These data do not refer to all 

persons who may have ever served in the Reserve or 

National Guard. Reserve or National Guard status is 

obtained from answers to two questions. Gulf War-era 

veterans were asked: "Was any of your active service the 

result of a call-up from the Reserve or National Guard?" If 

the answer was no, they were asked, "Have you ever been a 

member of the Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes' 

response to either question classified persons as "Current or 

past member of the Reserve or National Guard." A 'no' 

response to the latter question classified persons as "Never 

a member of the Reserve or National Guard." 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather 

than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance 

that the sample estimates will differ from the true 

population values they represent. The component of this 

difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is 

known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by 

the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the true population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. 

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including 

the failure to sample a segment of the population, the 

inability to obtain information for all respondents in the 

sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information, and errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data. 

A full discussion of the reliability of data 

from the CPS and information on estimating 

standard errors is available on the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. 
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2012 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 234,393 153,022 65.3 141,050 60.2 11,972 7.8 81,371

Veterans.................................................. 21,183 11,006 52.0 10,233 48.3 773 7.0 10,177

Gulf War era, total.................................... 5,615 4,618 82.3 4,263 75.9 355 7.7 997

Gulf War era II...................................... 2,566 2,071 80.7 1,866 72.7 205 9.9 496

Gulf War era I...................................... 3,049 2,548 83.6 2,398 78.6 150 5.9 501

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 9,872 3,165 32.1 2,964 30.0 201 6.4 6,707

Other service periods................................ 5,696 3,222 56.6 3,006 52.8 217 6.7 2,473

Nonveterans.............................................. 213,211 142,017 66.6 130,817 61.4 11,200 7.9 71,194

Men

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 112,793 81,377 72.1 74,896 66.4 6,481 8.0 31,417

Veterans.................................................. 19,368 9,884 51.0 9,204 47.5 680 6.9 9,484

Gulf War era, total.................................... 4,703 3,958 84.2 3,669 78.0 289 7.3 745

Gulf War era II...................................... 2,136 1,774 83.1 1,606 75.2 168 9.5 362

Gulf War era I...................................... 2,567 2,184 85.1 2,063 80.4 121 5.6 383

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 9,554 3,063 32.1 2,866 30.0 197 6.4 6,491

Other service periods................................ 5,112 2,863 56.0 2,669 52.2 194 6.8 2,248

Nonveterans.............................................. 93,425 71,493 76.5 65,692 70.3 5,801 8.1 21,933

Women

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 121,600 71,645 58.9 66,154 54.4 5,492 7.7 49,955

Veterans.................................................. 1,815 1,122 61.8 1,029 56.7 93 8.3 693

Gulf War era, total.................................... 912 660 72.4 594 65.1 66 10.0 252

Gulf War era II...................................... 431 297 68.9 259 60.2 37 12.5 134

Gulf War era I...................................... 482 364 75.5 335 69.5 29 8.0 118

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 318 102 32.1 98 30.7 4 4.1 216

Other service periods................................ 584 359 61.5 337 57.7 22 6.2 225

Nonveterans.............................................. 119,785 70,524 58.9 65,125 54.4 5,399 7.7 49,261

White

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 186,587 122,080 65.4 113,562 60.9 8,518 7.0 64,507

Veterans.................................................. 17,923 9,051 50.5 8,467 47.2 584 6.4 8,872

Gulf War era, total.................................... 4,298 3,566 83.0 3,313 77.1 253 7.1 733

Gulf War era II...................................... 1,971 1,596 81.0 1,447 73.4 149 9.4 375

Gulf War era I...................................... 2,327 1,970 84.6 1,866 80.2 103 5.3 357

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 8,852 2,838 32.1 2,666 30.1 172 6.1 6,014

Other service periods................................ 4,772 2,647 55.5 2,488 52.1 159 6.0 2,125

Nonveterans.............................................. 168,664 113,029 67.0 105,094 62.3 7,934 7.0 55,635

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 28,562 18,219 63.8 15,768 55.2 2,451 13.5 10,342

Veterans.................................................. 2,358 1,405 59.6 1,263 53.6 142 10.1 954

Gulf War era, total.................................... 918 729 79.4 657 71.6 72 9.8 189

Gulf War era II...................................... 389 314 80.7 273 70.2 41 13.0 75

Gulf War era I...................................... 528 415 78.5 384 72.7 31 7.4 113

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 720 229 31.8 206 28.6 23 10.1 491

Other service periods................................ 720 447 62.0 400 55.5 47 10.5 274

Nonveterans.............................................. 26,203 16,815 64.2 14,505 55.4 2,309 13.7 9,389

Asian

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 12,345 8,097 65.6 7,624 61.8 473 5.8 4,248

Veterans.................................................. 293 170 58.0 160 54.7 10 5.8 123

Gulf War era, total.................................... 131 105 79.6 97 73.5 8 7.7 27

Gulf War era II...................................... 78 60 76.3 56 71.2 4 6.7 18

Gulf War era I...................................... 53 45 84.4 41 76.8 4 9.0 8
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2012 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 115 33 28.6 32 27.6 1 – 82

Other service periods................................ 47 33 69.6 32 68.2 1 – 14

Nonveterans.............................................. 12,052 7,927 65.8 7,464 61.9 463 5.8 4,125

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over.................................. 34,792 23,999 69.0 21,602 62.1 2,396 10.0 10,793

Veterans.................................................. 1,298 822 63.4 755 58.2 67 8.2 475

Gulf War era, total.................................... 582 480 82.4 434 74.6 46 9.5 102

Gulf War era II...................................... 308 246 79.9 217 70.5 29 11.7 62

Gulf War era I...................................... 274 234 85.3 217 79.2 17 7.2 40

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............. 412 139 33.8 132 32.0 8 5.4 273

Other service periods................................ 303 203 67.0 189 62.2 14 7.1 100

Nonveterans.............................................. 33,494 23,176 69.2 20,848 62.2 2,329 10.0 10,318

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July

1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans

who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black

or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino

may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2012

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent oflabor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,183 11,006 52.0 10,233 48.3 773 7.0 10,177

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 225 74.7 179 59.5 46 20.4 76

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585 1,298 81.8 1,169 73.8 128 9.9 288

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,267 2,008 88.6 1,892 83.5 116 5.8 259

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,516 2,900 82.5 2,705 76.9 195 6.7 616

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,565 2,728 59.8 2,553 55.9 175 6.4 1,837

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,948 1,847 20.6 1,734 19.4 113 6.1 7,101

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,615 4,618 82.3 4,263 75.9 355 7.7 997

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 225 74.7 179 59.5 46 20.4 76

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585 1,298 81.8 1,169 73.8 128 9.9 288

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,916 1,699 88.7 1,603 83.7 96 5.6 217

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,159 981 84.6 923 79.6 59 6.0 178

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 369 71.4 348 67.3 21 5.8 148

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 46 34.0 41 30.2 5 11.1 90

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,566 2,071 80.7 1,866 72.7 205 9.9 496

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 225 74.7 179 59.5 46 20.4 76

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,234 997 80.8 891 72.2 106 10.6 237

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 397 85.0 377 80.7 20 5.0 70

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 334 86.4 309 79.8 26 7.7 52

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 107 71.0 101 66.9 6 5.8 44

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 10 – 9 – 1 – 16

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,049 2,548 83.6 2,398 78.6 150 5.9 501

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 301 85.6 279 79.3 22 7.4 50

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,449 1,302 89.8 1,226 84.6 76 5.8 147

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772 647 83.8 614 79.5 33 5.1 126

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 263 71.6 247 67.4 15 5.8 104

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 36 32.8 32 29.0 4 11.6 74

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,872 3,165 32.1 2,964 30.0 201 6.4 6,707

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,220 1,777 55.2 1,662 51.6 115 6.5 1,443

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,652 1,388 20.9 1,302 19.6 86 6.2 5,264

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,696 3,222 56.6 3,006 52.8 217 6.7 2,473

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 309 88.1 289 82.3 20 6.6 42

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,357 1,919 81.4 1,783 75.6 136 7.1 438

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828 582 70.3 543 65.7 38 6.6 246

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,160 413 19.1 391 18.1 22 5.3 1,747

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213,211 142,017 66.6 130,817 61.4 11,200 7.9 71,194

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,591 19,107 64.6 16,236 54.9 2,871 15.0 10,484

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,389 32,167 81.7 29,531 75.0 2,636 8.2 7,222

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,375 30,726 82.2 28,684 76.7 2,042 6.6 6,649

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,183 32,156 80.0 30,168 75.1 1,988 6.2 8,027

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,755 21,984 65.1 20,686 61.3 1,298 5.9 11,771

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,917 5,876 17.8 5,511 16.7 365 6.2 27,041

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf

War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other

service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime

period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no

data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2012

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent oflabor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,368 9,884 51.0 9,204 47.5 680 6.9 9,484

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 193 77.3 154 61.9 39 20.0 57

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,321 1,116 84.5 1,009 76.4 107 9.6 204

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,896 1,715 90.5 1,616 85.2 99 5.8 181

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016 2,534 84.0 2,373 78.7 161 6.3 481

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,224 2,519 59.6 2,357 55.8 163 6.5 1,704

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,662 1,806 20.9 1,695 19.6 111 6.2 6,856

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,703 3,958 84.2 3,669 78.0 289 7.3 745

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 193 77.3 154 61.9 39 20.0 57

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,321 1,116 84.5 1,009 76.4 107 9.6 204

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,595 1,446 90.7 1,366 85.7 80 5.5 149

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978 843 86.3 802 82.0 42 5.0 134

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 318 72.9 300 68.9 18 5.5 118

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 41 33.5 37 30.3 4 9.5 82

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136 1,774 83.1 1,606 75.2 168 9.5 362

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 193 77.3 154 61.9 39 20.0 57

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,034 868 83.9 778 75.2 90 10.4 166

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 334 87.6 317 83.2 17 5.0 47

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 283 87.6 267 82.7 16 5.6 40

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 88 71.0 83 66.6 6 6.2 36

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 9 – 8 – 1 – 16

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,567 2,184 85.1 2,063 80.4 121 5.6 383

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 248 86.7 231 80.7 17 7.0 38

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,214 1,112 91.6 1,049 86.4 63 5.7 102

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 561 85.6 535 81.6 26 4.6 94

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 230 73.7 218 69.8 12 5.2 82

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 33 32.9 30 29.9 3 – 67

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,554 3,063 32.1 2,866 30.0 197 6.4 6,491

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,076 1,695 55.1 1,584 51.5 111 6.6 1,380

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,478 1,367 21.1 1,282 19.8 86 6.3 5,111

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,112 2,863 56.0 2,669 52.2 194 6.8 2,248

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 269 89.4 250 82.9 20 7.3 32

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,038 1,691 83.0 1,572 77.1 119 7.0 347

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 506 71.0 472 66.3 34 6.7 206

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,060 397 19.3 376 18.2 22 5.5 1,663

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,425 71,493 76.5 65,692 70.3 5,801 8.1 21,933

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,746 9,907 67.2 8,287 56.2 1,620 16.4 4,839

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,884 16,966 89.8 15,598 82.6 1,369 8.1 1,918

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,519 15,892 90.7 14,867 84.9 1,025 6.4 1,627

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,325 15,830 86.4 14,847 81.0 982 6.2 2,495

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,195 10,363 73.0 9,711 68.4 652 6.3 3,832

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,756 2,534 26.0 2,382 24.4 152 6.0 7,222

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf

War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other

service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime

period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no

data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2012

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent oflabor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,815 1,122 61.8 1,029 56.7 93 8.3 693

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 32 62.2 25 48.1 7 – 20

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 181 68.5 160 60.5 21 11.6 83

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 293 79.0 276 74.4 17 5.8 78

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 366 73.1 332 66.3 34 9.2 135

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 209 61.2 196 57.5 12 6.0 133

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 41 14.3 39 13.8 1 3.2 245

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 660 72.4 594 65.1 66 10.0 252

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 32 62.2 25 48.1 7 – 20

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 181 68.5 160 60.5 21 11.6 83

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 253 78.8 237 73.7 16 6.4 68

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 138 75.9 121 66.7 17 12.1 44

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 51 63.5 48 58.7 4 7.6 30

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5 – 4 – 1 – 7

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 297 68.9 259 60.2 37 12.5 134

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 32 62.2 25 48.1 7 – 20

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 129 64.4 113 56.4 16 12.5 71

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 64 73.4 60 69.6 3 5.2 23

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 52 80.6 42 65.3 10 19.0 12

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 19 – 18 – 1 – 8

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 – 2 – 0 – 0

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 364 75.5 335 69.5 29 8.0 118

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 52 80.8 48 73.3 5 9.3 12

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 189 80.7 177 75.3 13 6.8 45

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 86 73.4 79 67.5 7 8.0 31

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 33 60.0 30 54.1 3 – 22

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3 – 2 – 1 – 7

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 102 32.1 98 30.7 4 4.1 216

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 81 56.3 77 53.5 4 5.0 63

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 21 11.8 20 11.8 0 – 153

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 359 61.5 337 57.7 22 6.2 225

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 40 80.3 39 78.8 1 1.8 10

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 228 71.4 211 66.1 17 7.5 91

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 76 65.6 71 61.8 4 5.9 40

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 16 15.5 16 15.5 0 – 84

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,785 70,524 58.9 65,125 54.4 5,399 7.7 49,261

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,845 9,200 62.0 7,949 53.5 1,251 13.6 5,645

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,505 15,201 74.1 13,934 68.0 1,267 8.3 5,304

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,855 14,834 74.7 13,817 69.6 1,017 6.9 5,022

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,858 16,327 74.7 15,321 70.1 1,006 6.2 5,532

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,560 11,621 59.4 10,975 56.1 646 5.6 7,939

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,161 3,341 14.4 3,129 13.5 212 6.4 19,820

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf

War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other

service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime

period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no

data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational

attainment, 2012 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status,

period of service, and educational attainment

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 20,882 10,781 51.6 10,054 48.1 727 6.7 10,101

Less than a high school diploma...................... 1,271 273 21.5 245 19.3 28 10.2 998

High school graduates, no college.................... 6,638 3,133 47.2 2,895 43.6 238 7.6 3,505

Some college or associate degree.................... 7,122 4,036 56.7 3,726 52.3 309 7.7 3,086

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 5,851 3,339 57.1 3,187 54.5 152 4.5 2,512

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 5,314 4,393 82.7 4,084 76.9 309 7.0 921

Less than a high school diploma...................... 85 56 66.1 53 61.5 4 7.0 29

High school graduates, no college.................... 1,392 1,157 83.1 1,070 76.9 87 7.6 235

Some college or associate degree.................... 2,227 1,792 80.5 1,645 73.9 147 8.2 435

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 1,610 1,388 86.2 1,317 81.8 71 5.1 222

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 2,265 1,845 81.5 1,687 74.5 159 8.6 420

Less than a high school diploma...................... 27 18 – 17 – 1 – 9

High school graduates, no college.................... 549 453 82.5 413 75.2 40 8.8 96

Some college or associate degree.................... 986 760 77.0 678 68.8 82 10.7 226

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 703 615 87.5 578 82.3 37 6.0 88

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 3,049 2,548 83.6 2,398 78.6 150 5.9 501

Less than a high school diploma...................... 58 38 66.2 35 60.6 3 8.5 20

High school graduates, no college.................... 843 704 83.6 657 77.9 48 6.8 138

Some college or associate degree.................... 1,241 1,032 83.2 967 77.9 65 6.3 208

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 907 773 85.2 739 81.4 34 4.4 134

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 9,872 3,165 32.1 2,964 30.0 201 6.4 6,707

Less than a high school diploma...................... 823 115 14.0 104 12.6 12 10.2 707

High school graduates, no college.................... 3,191 870 27.3 816 25.6 54 6.3 2,321

Some college or associate degree.................... 2,992 1,072 35.8 990 33.1 83 7.7 1,920

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 2,866 1,107 38.6 1,054 36.8 52 4.7 1,760

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 5,696 3,222 56.6 3,006 52.8 217 6.7 2,473

Less than a high school diploma...................... 363 101 27.8 89 24.5 12 12.0 262

High school graduates, no college.................... 2,055 1,105 53.8 1,010 49.1 96 8.7 949

Some college or associate degree.................... 1,903 1,172 61.6 1,092 57.4 80 6.8 732

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 1,375 845 61.4 816 59.3 29 3.4 530

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over.................................. 183,619 122,909 66.9 114,581 62.4 8,328 6.8 60,710

Less than a high school diploma...................... 23,542 10,977 46.6 9,611 40.8 1,366 12.4 12,565

High school graduates, no college.................... 55,134 33,634 61.0 30,821 55.9 2,813 8.4 21,500

Some college or associate degree.................... 47,319 33,455 70.7 31,097 65.7 2,358 7.0 13,864

Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 57,625 44,843 77.8 43,052 74.7 1,791 4.0 12,782

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July

1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans

who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet

publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2012

annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)..................................................... 10,233 4,263 1,866 2,398 2,964 3,006 130,817

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed....................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations......................... 37.8 36.8 36.0 37.5 41.3 35.6 38.3

Management, business, and financial operations occupations........... 18.1 16.2 15.3 16.9 21.8 17.1 15.9

Professional and related occupations........................................ 19.7 20.6 20.7 20.5 19.4 18.5 22.4

Service occupations.............................................................. 14.2 16.8 17.9 15.9 11.5 13.4 17.8

Sales and office occupations.................................................... 17.0 17.4 17.3 17.5 17.6 15.8 23.7

Sales and related occupations................................................ 8.9 8.3 8.1 8.4 11.0 7.8 10.8

Office and administrative support occupations............................. 8.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 6.7 8.1 12.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations............ 13.9 13.6 13.6 13.6 12.3 15.7 8.7

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................................. 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7

Construction and extraction occupations.................................... 6.4 5.6 4.9 6.2 6.1 7.7 4.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations......................... 7.1 7.7 8.5 7.1 5.8 7.5 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............... 17.2 15.4 15.2 15.5 17.3 19.5 11.6

Production occupations........................................................ 7.2 7.1 7.5 6.8 6.6 8.0 5.9

Transportation and material moving occupations.......................... 9.9 8.3 7.7 8.7 10.7 11.5 5.7

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)..................................................... 9,204 3,669 1,606 2,063 2,866 2,669 65,692

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed....................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations......................... 36.6 34.9 33.9 35.7 41.2 34.0 34.7

Management, business, and financial operations occupations........... 18.1 16.1 15.4 16.7 22.1 16.6 16.9

Professional and related occupations........................................ 18.5 18.8 18.5 19.0 19.1 17.3 17.8

Service occupations.............................................................. 14.0 16.9 18.1 15.9 11.4 12.9 14.6

Sales and office occupations.................................................... 15.8 15.6 16.0 15.2 17.3 14.4 16.8

Sales and related occupations................................................ 9.1 8.5 8.3 8.6 11.0 8.0 10.6

Office and administrative support occupations............................. 6.6 7.1 7.7 6.6 6.3 6.4 6.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations............ 15.3 15.6 15.4 15.7 12.7 17.5 16.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................................. 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.1

Construction and extraction occupations.................................... 7.0 6.5 5.5 7.2 6.3 8.6 9.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations......................... 7.8 8.9 9.7 8.3 6.0 8.3 6.0

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............... 18.4 17.1 16.6 17.5 17.5 21.2 17.5

Production occupations........................................................ 7.7 7.9 8.2 7.6 6.6 8.7 8.2

Transportation and material moving occupations.......................... 10.7 9.2 8.4 9.8 10.9 12.5 9.3

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)..................................................... 1,029 594 259 335 98 337 65,125

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed....................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations......................... 48.3 48.8 49.5 48.4 44.0 48.7 41.9

Management, business, and financial operations occupations........... 17.9 16.9 15.0 18.3 14.9 20.6 14.9

Professional and related occupations........................................ 30.4 32.0 34.5 30.1 29.1 28.0 27.0

Service occupations.............................................................. 16.2 16.3 16.7 16.1 14.0 16.7 21.2

Sales and office occupations.................................................... 28.1 28.7 25.3 31.3 28.3 26.9 30.6

Sales and related occupations................................................ 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.1 9.9 5.9 11.1

Office and administrative support occupations............................. 21.1 21.6 18.2 24.2 18.4 21.0 19.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations............ 1.3 1.3 2.3 0.5 1.2 1.5 0.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................................. 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3

Construction and extraction occupations.................................... 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.1 1.2 0.6 0.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations......................... 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............... 6.0 4.8 6.2 3.7 12.6 6.2 5.5
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2012

annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Production occupations........................................................ 3.2 2.4 3.1 1.8 7.8 3.2 3.5

Transportation and material moving occupations.......................... 2.8 2.4 3.1 1.9 4.7 3.0 2.0

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July

1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans

who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2012 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 10,233 4,263 1,866 2,398 2,964 3,006 130,817

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1

................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries........................... 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 3.6 1.5 1.5

Wage and salary workers2................................ 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.3 0.8 1.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 2.3 0.7 0.5

Nonagricultural industries.................................... 98.3 99.4 99.4 99.4 96.4 98.5 98.5

Wage and salary workers2................................ 91.0 95.8 97.1 94.8 84.4 90.7 92.4

Private industries......................................... 70.2 71.1 72.2 70.2 68.4 70.7 78.4

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction...... 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.6

Construction............................................ 5.4 5.0 4.5 5.5 5.1 6.2 4.9

Manufacturing.......................................... 12.6 12.3 11.3 13.1 11.9 13.9 9.9

Wholesale trade....................................... 2.6 2.4 1.7 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.5

Retail trade............................................. 8.8 8.9 10.1 7.9 9.7 7.6 10.8

Transportation and utilities........................... 7.1 6.7 6.2 7.1 6.3 8.2 3.7

Information............................................. 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.7 1.9 1.8

Financial activities..................................... 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.1 5.7 4.1 6.3

Professional and business services................. 10.5 11.7 12.8 10.9 10.1 9.3 9.8

Education and health services....................... 8.4 8.6 8.8 8.4 7.9 8.8 15.3

Leisure and hospitality................................ 4.1 5.1 6.0 4.3 3.2 3.7 8.4

Other services......................................... 3.0 2.7 3.1 2.4 3.4 3.1 4.4

Government............................................... 20.8 24.7 24.8 24.7 16.0 20.0 14.0

Federal.................................................. 8.5 11.8 13.6 10.4 5.2 7.2 2.1

State.................................................... 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.6 4.4 4.9 4.4

Local.................................................... 7.8 8.6 7.2 9.6 6.5 7.9 7.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 7.2 3.6 2.3 4.5 12.0 7.7 6.1

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 9,204 3,669 1,606 2,063 2,866 2,669 65,692

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries........................... 1.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 3.6 1.7 2.1

Wage and salary workers2................................ 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.2 0.9 1.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.4 0.8 0.7

Nonagricultural industries.................................... 98.1 99.4 99.3 99.4 96.4 98.3 97.9

Wage and salary workers2

................................ 90.6 95.8 96.9 95.0 84.3 90.2 90.9

Private industries......................................... 70.6 71.6 72.1 71.2 68.7 71.4 80.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction...... 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1

Construction............................................ 5.9 5.7 5.0 6.3 5.2 6.8 8.8

Manufacturing.......................................... 13.3 13.2 11.9 14.1 12.1 14.7 13.6

Wholesale trade....................................... 2.7 2.6 1.9 3.2 2.6 2.9 3.4

Retail trade............................................. 8.8 8.9 10.2 7.8 9.8 7.5 10.6

Transportation and utilities........................... 7.6 7.5 6.9 8.0 6.5 9.0 5.5

Information............................................. 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.7 1.7 1.9 2.3

Financial activities..................................... 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.9 5.7 4.1 5.4

Professional and business services................. 10.8 12.2 12.9 11.5 10.2 9.5 11.0

Education and health services....................... 6.7 6.2 6.6 5.9 7.3 7.0 6.7

Leisure and hospitality................................ 4.0 4.9 5.9 4.1 3.2 3.6 8.0

Other services......................................... 3.1 2.8 3.2 2.4 3.4 3.3 3.9

Government............................................... 20.0 24.2 24.8 23.7 15.6 18.9 10.6

Federal.................................................. 8.1 11.5 13.6 9.9 5.0 6.8 1.9

State.................................................... 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.7 4.3 4.6 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2012 annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Local.................................................... 7.5 8.3 7.2 9.1 6.4 7.5 5.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 7.5 3.6 2.5 4.5 12.0 8.0 6.9

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 1,029 594 259 335 98 337 65,125

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries........................... 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.8 2.1 0.1 0.8

Wage and salary workers2................................ 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 1.6 0.0 0.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.3

Nonagricultural industries.................................... 99.4 99.4 99.6 99.2 97.9 99.9 99.2

Wage and salary workers2

................................ 94.8 95.9 98.3 94.1 88.4 94.7 93.8

Private industries......................................... 66.4 67.9 73.1 63.8 60.0 65.8 76.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction...... 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2

Construction............................................ 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.6 2.3 1.6 1.0

Manufacturing.......................................... 6.9 7.1 7.6 6.7 4.8 7.2 6.2

Wholesale trade....................................... 1.2 0.9 0.4 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.5

Retail trade............................................. 8.6 8.9 10.0 8.0 7.1 8.5 11.0

Transportation and utilities........................... 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.0 2.1 1.8

Information............................................. 1.9 2.1 2.3 1.9 0.6 2.0 1.4

Financial activities..................................... 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 6.3 4.4 7.1

Professional and business services................. 8.3 9.1 12.0 6.8 5.4 7.7 8.7

Education and health services....................... 23.5 23.3 22.5 24.0 24.5 23.6 23.9

Leisure and hospitality................................ 5.3 6.0 6.7 5.4 3.6 4.7 8.9

Other services......................................... 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.3 3.1 2.1 4.8

Government............................................... 28.4 28.1 25.2 30.3 28.4 28.9 17.3

Federal.................................................. 12.3 13.7 13.8 13.7 10.9 10.3 2.2

State.................................................... 5.6 4.0 3.8 4.2 7.5 7.7 5.7

Local.................................................... 10.5 10.3 7.6 12.5 10.0 10.9 9.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................. 4.5 3.4 1.3 5.1 9.5 5.0 5.3

1 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2 Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July

1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans

who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.
Table 6. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,

 period of service, and sex, August 2012, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Presence of disability, reported disability rating,

period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL

VETERANS

Total ...................................................................................... 21,132 10,948 51.8 10,228 48.4 720 6.6 10,184

With service-connected disability ............................................. 2,972 1,392 46.8 1,301 43.8 91 6.5 1,580

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 1,112 646 58.1 614 55.3 31 4.9 466

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 698 382 54.7 357 51.1 25 6.6 317

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 911 238 26.1 211 23.2 27 11.2 674

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 250 127 50.5 119 47.4 8 6.2 124

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 14,748 7,668 52.0 7,123 48.3 544 7.1 7,080

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 3,412 1,889 55.4 1,804 52.9 85 4.5 1,523

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 5,654 4,634 82.0 4,258 75.3 376 8.1 1,020

With service-connected disability ............................................. 1,244 886 71.3 827 66.5 59 6.7 358

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 439 376 85.6 362 82.5 14 3.7 63

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 326 244 75.0 225 69.1 19 7.9 81

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 365 183 50.1 164 45.0 19 10.2 182

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 114 84 73.1 76 66.7 7 8.8 31

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 3,417 2,988 87.4 2,722 79.7 266 8.9 429

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 993 760 76.5 709 71.4 51 6.7 233

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 2,571 2,081 81.0 1,854 72.1 227 10.9 490

With service-connected disability ............................................. 712 500 70.3 460 64.7 40 8.0 212

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 219 184 83.9 174 79.2 10 5.6 35

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 189 152 80.4 139 73.6 13 8.4 37

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 236 121 51.3 110 46.6 11 9.2 115

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 67 43 1 ( ) 37 1 () 6 1 ( ) 24

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,428 1,241 87.0 1,086 76.1 155 12.5 186

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 432 340 78.7 308 71.4 32 9.3 92

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 3,083 2,553 82.8 2,403 78.0 149 5.8 530

With service-connected disability ............................................. 532 386 72.6 367 68.9 19 5.0 146

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 219 191 87.3 188 85.7 3 1.8 28

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 137 92 67.6 86 62.8 7 7.1 44

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 129 62 47.8 54 41.9 8 1 ( ) 67

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 47 41 1 ( ) 39 1 () 2 1 () 6

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,990 1,747 87.8 1,636 82.2 110 6.3 243

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 561 420 74.8 400 71.3 20 4.7 141

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total ...................................................................................... 9,815 3,101 31.6 2,939 29.9 162 5.2 6,714

With service-connected disability ............................................. 1,299 274 21.1 257 19.8 17 6.1 1,025

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 480 137 28.6 129 26.9 8 6.0 342

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 280 79 28.3 76 27.1 3 4.2 201

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 452 39 8.6 34 7.6 5 1 ( ) 413

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 88 18 21.0 18 20.4 – 1 ( ) 69

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 6,995 2,251 32.2 2,127 30.4 124 5.5 4,743

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 1,521 576 37.9 555 36.5 21 3.7 945

Other service periods

Total ...................................................................................... 5,663 3,213 56.7 3,031 53.5 182 5.7 2,450

With service-connected disability ............................................. 429 232 54.0 216 50.5 15 6.5 197

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 193 133 68.6 123 63.8 9 7.0 61

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 93 58 62.8 56 60.1 3 1 ( ) 35

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 94 16 16.9 13 13.4 3 1 ( ) 78

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 48 24 1 ( ) 24 1 () – 1 ( ) 24

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 4,336 2,429 56.0 2,274 52.4 155 6.4 1,907

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 898 553 61.6 541 60.2 13 2.3 345

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,

 period of service, and sex, August 2012, not seasonally adjusted—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Presence of disability, reported disability rating,

period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

MEN

VETERANS

Total ...................................................................................... 19,316 9,836 50.9 9,217 47.7 619 6.3 9,480

With service-connected disability ............................................. 2,729 1,256 46.0 1,177 43.1 79 6.3 1,473

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 1,046 595 56.9 569 54.4 26 4.4 450

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 624 335 53.7 311 49.8 24 7.2 289

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 837 216 25.8 192 22.9 24 11.2 621

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 223 110 49.4 106 47.4 5 4.1 113

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 13,496 6,870 50.9 6,404 47.5 466 6.8 6,626

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 3,090 1,710 55.3 1,636 52.9 75 4.4 1,380

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 4,812 4,038 83.9 3,719 77.3 319 7.9 773

With service-connected disability ............................................. 1,042 766 73.5 718 68.9 49 6.4 276

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 382 334 87.6 325 85.1 10 2.9 48

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 257 198 77.1 179 69.8 19 9.5 59

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 311 167 53.5 150 48.3 16 9.8 145

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 92 67 73.3 63 68.9 4 1 ( ) 25

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 2,924 2,607 89.2 2,380 81.4 227 8.7 317

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 845 665 78.7 622 73.6 43 6.5 180

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 2,164 1,805 83.4 1,611 74.5 193 10.7 359

With service-connected disability ............................................. 588 432 73.4 397 67.5 35 8.0 156

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 176 156 88.8 150 85.1 7 4.2 20

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 146 125 86.1 113 77.3 13 10.2 20

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 212 117 54.9 105 49.6 11 9.6 96

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 55 34 1 ( ) 30 1 () 4 1 ( ) 21

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,211 1,083 89.4 951 78.5 132 12.2 128

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 364 290 79.7 263 72.2 27 9.4 74

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 2,648 2,234 84.4 2,108 79.6 126 5.6 414

With service-connected disability ............................................. 454 334 73.7 320 70.6 14 4.2 119

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 206 178 86.5 175 85.1 3 1.6 28

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 111 73 65.3 66 59.9 6 1 ( ) 39

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 99 50 50.5 45 45.3 5 1 ( ) 49

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 37 34 1 ( ) 34 1 () – 1 () 4

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,713 1,525 89.0 1,429 83.4 96 6.3 189

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 481 375 77.9 359 74.6 16 4.2 106

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total ...................................................................................... 9,499 3,003 31.6 2,842 29.9 162 5.4 6,495

With service-connected disability ............................................. 1,288 273 21.2 256 19.9 17 6.1 1,015

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 479 137 28.6 129 26.9 8 6.0 342

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 280 79 28.3 76 27.1 3 4.2 201

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 441 38 8.7 34 7.6 5 1 ( ) 403

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 88 18 21.0 18 20.4 – 1 ( ) 69

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 6,741 2,181 32.4 2,057 30.5 124 5.7 4,561

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 1,469 550 37.4 529 36.0 21 3.8 920

Other service periods

Total ...................................................................................... 5,006 2,794 55.8 2,656 53.1 138 4.9 2,212

With service-connected disability ............................................. 400 217 54.3 203 50.8 14 6.4 183

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 184 124 67.1 115 62.4 9 6.9 61

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 87 58 66.2 56 64.0 2 1 ( ) 29

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 85 11 13.1 8 9.1 3 1 ( ) 74

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 43 24 1 ( ) 24 1 () – 1 ( ) 19

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 3,830 2,082 54.3 1,967 51.4 114 5.5 1,749

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 776 495 63.9 485 62.5 10 2.1 280

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,

 period of service, and sex, August 2012, not seasonally adjusted—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Presence of disability, reported disability rating,

period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

WOMEN

VETERANS

Total ...................................................................................... 1,816 1,112 61.3 1,011 55.7 101 9.1 704

With service-connected disability ............................................. 242 136 56.0 124 51.1 12 8.8 107

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 66 51 76.4 46 68.9 5 1 ( ) 16

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 75 47 62.9 46 61.4 1 1 ( ) 28

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 74 22 1 ( ) 20 1 () 2 1 ( ) 53

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 27 16 1 ( ) 13 1 () 3 1 ( ) 11

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,252 798 63.7 719 57.4 79 9.9 454

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 322 179 55.5 168 52.3 10 5.7 143

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 843 596 70.7 539 63.9 57 9.6 247

With service-connected disability ............................................. 202 120 59.5 110 54.2 11 8.8 82

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 493 381 77.2 342 69.4 38 10.1 112

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 148 95 64.3 87 58.8 8 8.4 53

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 407 276 67.9 243 59.7 33 12.1 131

With service-connected disability ............................................. 123 68 55.3 63 50.9 5 1 ( ) 55

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 217 159 73.3 135 62.3 24 15.0 58

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 67 49 1 ( ) 45 1 () 4 1 ( ) 18

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 435 319 73.3 296 67.9 24 7.4 116

With service-connected disability ............................................. 79 52 66.0 47 59.4 5 1 ( ) 27

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 276 222 80.3 207 75.0 15 6.6 55

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 80 45 56.5 42 51.9 4 1 ( ) 35

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total ...................................................................................... 316 98 30.9 98 30.9 – – 218

With service-connected disability ............................................. 11 1 1 () 1 1 ( ) – – 10

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 253 71 27.8 71 27.8 – 1 ( ) 183

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 52 26 1 ( ) 26 1 ( ) – – 25

Other service periods

Total ...................................................................................... 657 419 63.8 375 57.1 44 10.5 238

With service-connected disability ............................................. 29 15 1 ( ) 13 1 () 1 1 ( ) 15

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 506 347 68.6 306 60.6 40 11.7 159

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 122 58 47.1 55 45.2 2 1 ( ) 65

1 Rates not shown where the base is less than 75,000. Small estimated

levels are based on a small number of survey responses and, thus, are

subject to relatively large standard errors.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans

could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf

War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January

1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of

service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than

one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served

in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the

wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or

impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated

disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a

rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38."

More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash

represents or rounds to zero.
Table 7. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,

and class of worker, August 2012, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of disability, and

period of service

Total

employed

(thousands)

Percent distribution by class of worker

Total

Agriculture

and related

industries

Nonagricultural industries

Total

Wage and salary workers 1 Selfemployed, 

unicorporated, 

and unpaid

family

workers

Private

sector

Government

Total Federal

State

and

local

Veterans, total 2 .......................................................... 10,228 100.0 1.7 98.3 70.3 20.5 8.3 12.1 7.5

With service-connected disability ........................... 1,301 100.0 .7 99.3 59.0 34.4 19.4 15.1 5.8

Without service-connected disability ...................... 7,123 100.0 1.8 98.2 71.8 19.2 6.6 12.6 7.3

Gulf War era, total 2 ................................................ 4,258 100.0 .9 99.1 71.5 24.1 12.4 11.7 3.4

With service-connected disability ....................... 827 100.0 .1 99.9 58.5 38.6 24.5 14.1 2.8

Without service-connected disability .................. 2,722 100.0 .9 99.1 75.2 20.9 8.7 12.2 3.0

Gulf War era II 2 .................................................. 1,854 100.0 .6 99.4 72.3 24.8 15.3 9.5 2.4

With service-connected disability ................... 460 100.0 – 100.0 62.3 36.6 24.4 12.2 1.1

Without service-connected disability .............. 1,086 100.0 .9 99.1 75.5 21.4 11.4 10.0 2.2

Gulf War era I 2 ................................................... 2,403 100.0 1.2 98.8 71.0 23.6 10.1 13.5 4.3

With service-connected disability ................... 367 100.0 .3 99.7 53.7 41.1 24.7 16.4 5.0

Without service-connected disability .............. 1,636 100.0 .9 99.1 75.1 20.5 7.0 13.6 3.5

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 2 .................. 2,939 100.0 3.3 96.7 69.8 14.7 4.0 10.8 12.1

With service-connected disability ....................... 257 100.0 3.1 96.9 61.9 20.8 4.6 16.1 14.2

Without service-connected disability .................. 2,127 100.0 3.3 96.7 71.1 14.8 4.4 10.4 10.8

Other service periods 2 ........................................... 3,031 100.0 1.3 98.7 68.9 20.9 6.9 14.0 8.8

With service-connected disability ....................... 216 100.0 .1 99.9 57.8 34.6 17.1 17.5 7.5

Without service-connected disability .................. 2,274 100.0 1.4 98.6 68.3 21.2 6.1 15.1 9.1

Nonveterans ............................................................... 130,730 100.0 1.6 98.4 78.7 13.6 2.1 11.5 6.2

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. 2 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans

could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf

War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July

1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and

other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only

one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served

in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period

are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health

condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The

associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is

determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal

Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this

release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 8. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2012, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Period of service and

Reserve or National Guard status

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 5,654 4,634 82.0 4,258 75.3 376 8.1 1,020

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............ 1,615 1,370 84.8 1,269 78.6 101 7.3 245

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ...................... 3,026 2,481 82.0 2,257 74.6 224 9.0 545

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported .............. 1,013 783 77.3 732 72.2 51 6.5 230

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 2,571 2,081 81.0 1,854 72.1 227 10.9 490

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............ 763 655 85.8 608 79.6 47 7.2 109

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ...................... 1,377 1,083 78.7 935 67.9 148 13.7 293

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported .............. 431 343 79.6 311 72.3 32 9.2 88

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 3,083 2,553 82.8 2,403 78.0 149 5.8 530

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............ 851 715 84.0 661 77.7 54 7.5 136

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ...................... 1,649 1,398 84.8 1,322 80.1 76 5.4 251

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported .............. 583 440 75.5 420 72.1 20 4.4 143

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era

began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I

(August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period.
Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2012, not seasonally

adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Period of service and location

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 2,571 2,081 81.0 1,854 72.1 227 10.9 490

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both1 ....................................... 899 736 81.9 655 72.9 80 10.9 163

Served elsewhere ..................................................................... 1,299 1,055 81.2 935 72.0 120 11.3 244

Location of service not reported ............................................... 373 291 77.9 264 70.7 27 9.2 83

1 Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes

veterans who served in both countries.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II

veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001.