For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, April 23, 2015 USDL-15-0689 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES — 2014

In 2014, 8.0 percent of families included an unemployed person, down from 9.6 percent in 2013, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Of the nation's 80.9 million families, 80.1 percent had at 

least one employed member in 2014. 

These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are collected as part of the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households. Data in this 

release are annual averages. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families 

maintained by women or men without spouses present. Unless otherwise noted, families include those 

without children as well as those with children under age 18. For further information, see the Technical 

Note.

Families and Unemployment

The number of families with at least one member unemployed decreased to 6.5 million in 2014 from 7.7 

million in 2013. The proportion of families with an unemployed member declined to 8.0 percent in 

2014. Black and Hispanic families remained more likely to have an unemployed member in 2014 (14.1 

percent and 10.8 percent, respectively) than white and Asian families (7.0 percent and 7.5 percent, 

respectively). (See table 1.)

About two-thirds (68.1 percent) of families with an unemployed member in 2014 also had at least one 

family member who was employed, about the same as the prior year. Among families with an 

unemployed family member, 58.9 percent had at least one family member who was employed full time, 

up from 58.0 percent in 2013. (See table 1.) 

Among married-couple families with an unemployed member, the proportion of families with at least 

one employed family member was 80.4 percent in 2014, up from 79.4 percent in 2013. Among families 

maintained by women (no spouse present) with an unemployed member, 48.4 percent also had an 

employed member in 2014; for families maintained by men (no spouse present), the proportion was 57.7 

percent. Both proportions were little changed from 2013. (See table 3.) 

Families and Employment

The share of families with an employed member was about unchanged at 80.1 percent in 2014. The 

likelihood of having an employed family member rose in 2014 for black families (from 75.7 percent to 
76.4 percent) and for Hispanic families (from 85.1 percent to 85.9 percent). The likelihood for white and 

Asian families showed little or no change (80.1 percent and 88.5 percent, respectively). (See table 1.) 

In 2014, families maintained by women with no spouse present remained less likely to have an 

employed member (74.4 percent) than families maintained by men with no spouse present (83.0 percent) 

or married-couple families (81.4 percent). Both the husband and wife were employed in 47.7 percent of 

married-couple families in 2014. The husband was the only worker in 19.9 percent of married-couple 

families, and the wife was the only worker in 7.5 percent of these families. (See table 2.) 

Families with Children

In 2014, about 43 percent of all families included children under age 18. (Children are sons, daughters, 

step-children, or adopted children living in the household. Not included are nieces, nephews, 

grandchildren, other related and unrelated children, and children not living in the household.) Among 

the 34.4 million families with children, 88.7 percent had at least one employed parent in 2014. Among 

married-couple families with children, 96.6 percent had at least one employed parent in 2014. The share 

of married-couple families with children where both parents worked was 60.2 percent. The mother was 

employed in 69.4 percent of families with children maintained by women with no spouse present in 

2014, and the father was employed in 81.9 percent of families with children maintained by men with no 

spouse present. (See table 4.) 

Parents

The labor force participation rate—the percent of the population working or looking for work—for all 

mothers with children under age 18 was 70.1 percent in 2014. The participation rate for married mothers 

with a spouse present (67.8 percent) remained lower than the rate for mothers with other marital statuses 

(74.6 percent). (Other marital status refers to persons who never married or are widowed, divorced, 

separated, or married but living apart from their spouse.) The unemployment rate for married mothers 

was substantially lower than for mothers with other marital statuses—4.0 percent, compared with 10.3 

percent. (See table 5.)

Mothers with younger children are less likely to be in the labor force than mothers with older children. 

In 2014, the labor force participation rate of mothers with children under 6 years old (64.2 percent) was 

lower than the rate of those whose youngest child was 6 to 17 years old (74.7 percent). The participation 

rate of mothers with infants under a year old was 57.1 percent. Among mothers with infants, there was 

little difference in the participation rates of married mothers (57.9 percent) and those with other marital 

statuses (55.8 percent). However, the unemployment rate for married mothers of infants, at 4.1 percent, 

was considerably lower than the rate for mothers with other marital statuses, at 15.6 percent. (See 

tables 5 and 6.) 

In 2014, 92.8 percent of all fathers with children under age 18 participated in the labor force. The rate 

for married fathers with a spouse present (93.7 percent) continued to be higher than the participation rate 

for fathers with other marital statuses (87.1 percent). Married fathers had a lower unemployment rate 

(3.2 percent) than fathers with other marital statuses (8.7 percent). (See table 5.) 

- 2 - 
Technical Note 

The estimates in this release are based on annual average 

data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS, 

which is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a monthly survey of about 60,000 

eligible households that provides information on the labor 

force status, demographics, and other characteristics of the 

nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over. 

The data presented in this release are not strictly 

comparable with data for earlier years due to the introduction 

of updated population estimates, or controls, used in the CPS. 

The population controls are updated each year in January to 

reflect the latest information about population change. 

Additional information is available from the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request: Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies 

depending on the particular sample selected, and this 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 

1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 

sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 

90-percent level of confidence. 

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability 

or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing of 

the data. 

Information about the reliability of data from the CPS 

and guidance on estimating standard errors is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Definitions 

Definitions of the principal terms used in this release are 

presented below.

Family. A family is a group of two or more persons 

residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or 

adoption. The count of families is for "primary" families only, 

that is, the householder and all other persons related to and 

residing with the householder. Families are classified either as 

married-couple families or as families maintained by women 

or men without spouses. Families include those without 

children as well as those with children under 18.

Householder. The householder is the family reference 

person. This is the person (or one of the persons) in whose 

name the housing unit is owned or rented. The relationship of 

other individuals in the household is defined in terms of 

relationship to the householder. The race or ethnicity of the 

family is determined by that of the householder. 

Married, spouse present; other marital status. These 

terms denote the marital status of individuals at the time of 

interview. Married, spouse present, refers to husbands and 

wives living together in the same household, even though one 

may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, 

in a hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital status includes 

persons who are never-married; married, spouse absent; 

separated; widowed; or divorced. Separated includes persons 

with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of 

obtaining a divorce, and other people permanently or 

temporarily separated because of marital discord. Married, 

spouse absent, includes married people living apart because 

either the husband or wife was employed and living at a 

considerable distance from home, was serving away from 

home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had 

a different place of residence for any other reason except 

separation as defined above. 

Children. Data on children refer to own children under 

age 18 that live in the household. Included are sons, daughters, 

step-children, and adopted children of the husband, wife, or 

person maintaining the family. Not included are nieces, 

nephews, grandchildren, other related children, and all 

unrelated children living in the household. 

Employed. Employed persons are all those who, during 

the survey reference week, (a) did any work at all as paid 

employees; (b) worked in their own business, profession, or on 

their own farm; (c) or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid 

workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family. 

Persons who were temporarily absent from their jobs because 

of illness, vacation, labor disputes, or another reason also are 

counted as employed.

Unemployed. The unemployed are persons who had no 

employment during the reference week, were available for 

work at that time, and had made specific efforts to find 

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with 

the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled 

to a job from which they had been laid off need not be looking 

for work to be classified as unemployed. 

Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force comprises 

all persons classified as employed or unemployed. 

Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is the 

number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. 

Labor force participation rate. The labor force 

participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the 

population. 

Employment-population ratio. The employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the 

population. 
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2013-2014 annual

averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic 2013 2014

EMPLOYMENT IN FAMILIES

Total families............................................................................................................ 80,445 80,889

With at least one family member employed...................................................................... 64,318 64,832

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 80.0 80.1

With at least one family member employed full time1........................................................ 58,113 58,762

With no family member employed................................................................................. 16,127 16,057

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 20.0 19.9

White

Total families............................................................................................................ 64,294 64,476

With at least one family member employed...................................................................... 51,471 51,661

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 80.1 80.1

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 46,636 46,937

With no family member employed................................................................................. 12,822 12,815

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 19.9 19.9

Black or African American

Total families............................................................................................................ 9,737 9,793

With at least one family member employed...................................................................... 7,373 7,481

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 75.7 76.4

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 6,451 6,596

With no family member employed................................................................................. 2,363 2,312

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 24.3 23.6

Asian

Total families............................................................................................................ 4,156 4,374

With at least one family member employed...................................................................... 3,692 3,872

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 88.8 88.5

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 3,441 3,614

With no family member employed................................................................................. 464 502

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 11.2 11.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total families............................................................................................................ 12,023 12,178

With at least one family member employed...................................................................... 10,231 10,456

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 85.1 85.9

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 9,242 9,429

With no family member employed................................................................................. 1,792 1,722

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 14.9 14.1

UNEMPLOYMENT IN FAMILIES

Total families............................................................................................................ 80,445 80,889

With at least one family member unemployed................................................................... 7,685 6,486

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 9.6 8.0

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 5,192 4,419

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed................................. 67.6 68.1

Some family member(s) employed full time1

................................................................ 4,453 3,819

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 58.0 58.9

White

Total families............................................................................................................ 64,294 64,476

With at least one family member unemployed................................................................... 5,471 4,499

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 8.5 7.0

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 3,845 3,195

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed................................. 70.3 71.0

Some family member(s) employed full time1

................................................................ 3,310 2,767

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 60.5 61.5

Black or African American

Total families............................................................................................................ 9,737 9,793

With at least one family member unemployed................................................................... 1,555 1,376

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 16.0 14.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2013-2014 annual

averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic 2013 2014

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 880 780

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed................................. 56.6 56.7

Some family member employed full time1................................................................... 733 666

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 47.1 48.4

Asian

Total families............................................................................................................ 4,156 4,374

With at least one family member unemployed................................................................... 323 328

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 7.8 7.5

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 262 262

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed................................. 81.1 79.8

Some family member(s) employed full time1

................................................................ 232 232

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 72.0 70.9

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total families............................................................................................................ 12,023 12,178

With at least one family member unemployed................................................................... 1,547 1,311

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 12.9 10.8

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 1,078 933

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed................................. 69.7 71.1

Some family member(s) employed full time1

................................................................ 919 798

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 59.4 60.9

1 Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.

NOTE: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder, the family reference person in whose name the housing unit is

owned or rented. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2013-2014 annual

averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2013 2014 2013 2014

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

Total........................................................................................ 58,529 58,806 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed........................................ 47,722 47,852 81.5 81.4

Husband only........................................................................ 11,755 11,713 20.1 19.9

Wife only.............................................................................. 4,578 4,422 7.8 7.5

Husband and wife................................................................... 27,748 28,042 47.4 47.7

Other employment combinations.................................................. 3,640 3,676 6.2 6.3

With no family member employed................................................... 10,807 10,954 18.5 18.6

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN1

Total........................................................................................ 15,507 15,581 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed........................................ 11,360 11,585 73.3 74.4

Householder only.................................................................... 6,359 6,368 41.0 40.9

Householder and other member(s)................................................ 2,933 3,059 18.9 19.6

Other member(s), not householder................................................ 2,069 2,159 13.3 13.9

With no family member employed................................................... 4,147 3,995 26.7 25.6

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN1

Total........................................................................................ 6,410 6,502 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed........................................ 5,236 5,394 81.7 83.0

Householder only.................................................................... 2,529 2,568 39.5 39.5

Householder and other member(s)................................................ 1,736 1,891 27.1 29.1

Other member(s), not householder................................................ 971 935 15.1 14.4

With no family member employed................................................... 1,174 1,108 18.3 17.0

1 No spouse present.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 3. Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type,

2013-2014 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2013 2014 2013 2014

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

With at least one family member unemployed, total................................. 4,586 3,765 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed................................................... 3,639 3,028 79.4 80.4

No family member employed......................................................... 946 737 20.6 19.6

Unemployment of family members

Husband unemployed1

................................................................ 1,824 1,398 39.8 37.1

Wife employed....................................................................... 1,134 872 24.7 23.2

Wife unemployed, husband employed or not in labor force...................... 1,346 1,121 29.4 29.8

Husband employed.................................................................. 1,129 943 24.6 25.1

Other family member(s) unemployed................................................ 1,416 1,246 30.9 33.1

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN2

With at least one family member unemployed, total................................. 2,165 1,933 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed................................................... 1,026 936 47.4 48.4

No family member employed......................................................... 1,139 997 52.6 51.6

Unemployment of family members

Householder unemployed............................................................. 1,053 892 48.6 46.2

Other member(s) employed........................................................ 251 216 11.6 11.2

Other family member(s) unemployed................................................ 1,112 1,040 51.4 53.8

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN2

With at least one family member unemployed, total................................. 934 789 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed................................................... 527 455 56.4 57.7

No family member employed......................................................... 408 333 43.6 42.3

Unemployment of family members

Householder unemployed............................................................. 550 446 58.8 56.5

Other member(s) employed........................................................ 238 200 25.5 25.4

Other family member(s) unemployed................................................ 385 343 41.2 43.5

1 Total families with unemployed husbands, including those with unemployed wives.

2 No spouse present.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type,

2013-2014 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2013 2014 2013 2014

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Total families.............................................................................. 34,392 34,434 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed.................................................................... 30,336 30,545 88.2 88.7

No parent employed................................................................... 4,056 3,889 11.8 11.3

Married-couple families

Total...................................................................................... 23,259 23,330 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed................................................................. 22,408 22,528 96.3 96.6

Mother employed................................................................. 15,200 15,347 65.4 65.8

Both parents employed........................................................ 13,746 14,033 59.1 60.2

Mother employed, not father.................................................. 1,454 1,314 6.3 5.6

Father employed, not mother.................................................... 7,208 7,181 31.0 30.8

Neither parent employed........................................................... 851 801 3.7 3.4

Families maintained by mother1

Total...................................................................................... 8,575 8,589 100.0 100.0

Mother employed.................................................................... 5,851 5,958 68.2 69.4

Mother not employed................................................................ 2,724 2,632 31.8 30.6

Families maintained by father1

Total...................................................................................... 2,558 2,515 100.0 100.0

Father employed..................................................................... 2,077 2,059 81.2 81.9

Father not employed................................................................ 481 456 18.8 18.1

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

Total families.............................................................................. 19,767 19,850 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed.................................................................... 17,592 17,768 89.0 89.5

No parent employed................................................................... 2,175 2,082 11.0 10.5

Married-couple families

Total...................................................................................... 13,183 13,239 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed................................................................. 12,676 12,753 96.2 96.3

Mother employed................................................................. 9,213 9,321 69.9 70.4

Both parents employed........................................................ 8,291 8,453 62.9 63.9

Mother employed, not father.................................................. 922 868 7.0 6.6

Father employed, not mother.................................................... 3,463 3,432 26.3 25.9

Neither parent employed........................................................... 507 486 3.8 3.7

Families maintained by mother1

Total...................................................................................... 5,125 5,130 100.0 100.0

Mother employed.................................................................... 3,727 3,811 72.7 74.3

Mother not employed................................................................ 1,398 1,319 27.3 25.7

Families maintained by father1

Total...................................................................................... 1,459 1,481 100.0 100.0

Father employed..................................................................... 1,188 1,204 81.4 81.3

Father not employed................................................................ 271 277 18.6 18.7

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Total families.............................................................................. 14,625 14,584 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed.................................................................... 12,745 12,777 87.1 87.6

No parent employed................................................................... 1,880 1,807 12.9 12.4

Married-couple families

Total...................................................................................... 10,076 10,091 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed................................................................. 9,732 9,775 96.6 96.9

Mother employed................................................................. 5,987 6,027 59.4 59.7

Both parents employed........................................................ 5,455 5,580 54.1 55.3

Mother employed, not father.................................................. 532 447 5.3 4.4

Father employed, not mother.................................................... 3,745 3,749 37.2 37.1

Neither parent employed........................................................... 344 315 3.4 3.1

Families maintained by mother1

Total...................................................................................... 3,450 3,460 100.0 100.0

Mother employed.................................................................... 2,124 2,147 61.6 62.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type,

2013-2014 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2013 2014 2013 2014

Mother not employed................................................................ 1,326 1,313 38.4 37.9

Families maintained by father1

Total...................................................................................... 1,100 1,034 100.0 100.0

Father employed..................................................................... 889 854 80.9 82.7

Father not employed................................................................ 210 179 19.1 17.3

1 No spouse present.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related

and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January

data.
Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children

under 18, 2013-2014 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2013 2014

Total Men Women Total Men Women

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 65,385 28,947 36,438 65,643 29,040 36,602

Civilian labor force.................................................. 52,335 26,869 25,466 52,580 26,939 25,641

Participation rate.................................................. 80.0 92.8 69.9 80.1 92.8 70.1

Employed.......................................................... 49,146 25,540 23,606 49,948 25,899 24,049

Full-time workers1.............................................. 41,844 24,207 17,637 42,727 24,615 18,112

Part-time workers2

............................................. 7,302 1,333 5,969 7,221 1,284 5,937

Employment-population ratio.................................... 75.2 88.2 64.8 76.1 89.2 65.7

Unemployed....................................................... 3,189 1,329 1,860 2,632 1,040 1,592

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.1 4.9 7.3 5.0 3.9 6.2

Married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 49,595 25,035 24,560 49,739 25,098 24,641

Civilian labor force.................................................. 40,096 23,447 16,650 40,220 23,505 16,715

Participation rate.................................................. 80.8 93.7 67.8 80.9 93.7 67.8

Employed.......................................................... 38,325 22,478 15,847 38,804 22,762 16,042

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 33,196 21,436 11,759 33,773 21,751 12,022

Part-time workers2

............................................. 5,130 1,042 4,088 5,032 1,012 4,020

Employment-population ratio.................................... 77.3 89.8 64.5 78.0 90.7 65.1

Unemployed....................................................... 1,771 969 802 1,415 742 673

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.4 4.1 4.8 3.5 3.2 4.0

Other marital status3

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 15,789 3,912 11,878 15,904 3,943 11,961

Civilian labor force.................................................. 12,238 3,422 8,817 12,360 3,434 8,926

Participation rate.................................................. 77.5 87.5 74.2 77.7 87.1 74.6

Employed.......................................................... 10,820 3,062 7,759 11,143 3,137 8,007

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 8,648 2,771 5,878 8,955 2,864 6,090

Part-time workers2............................................. 2,172 291 1,881 2,189 272 1,917

Employment-population ratio.................................... 68.5 78.3 65.3 70.1 79.6 66.9

Unemployed....................................................... 1,418 360 1,058 1,217 298 919

Unemployment rate............................................ 11.6 10.5 12.0 9.8 8.7 10.3

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 36,218 16,007 20,212 36,486 16,114 20,372

Civilian labor force.................................................. 29,815 14,714 15,101 29,989 14,768 15,221

Participation rate.................................................. 82.3 91.9 74.7 82.2 91.6 74.7

Employed.......................................................... 28,216 14,047 14,169 28,689 14,244 14,445

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 24,181 13,361 10,819 24,746 13,594 11,153

Part-time workers2............................................. 4,035 686 3,349 3,943 650 3,292

Employment-population ratio.................................... 77.9 87.8 70.1 78.6 88.4 70.9

Unemployed....................................................... 1,599 667 933 1,300 524 775

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.4 4.5 6.2 4.3 3.6 5.1

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 29,166 12,940 16,226 29,157 12,927 16,230

Civilian labor force.................................................. 22,519 12,155 10,365 22,591 12,171 10,420

Participation rate.................................................. 77.2 93.9 63.9 77.5 94.2 64.2

Employed.......................................................... 20,930 11,493 9,437 21,259 11,655 9,604

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 17,663 10,846 6,817 17,981 11,021 6,959

Part-time workers2

............................................. 3,267 647 2,620 3,278 634 2,644

Employment-population ratio.................................... 71.8 88.8 58.2 72.9 90.2 59.2

Unemployed....................................................... 1,589 662 928 1,332 516 816

Unemployment rate............................................ 7.1 5.4 8.9 5.9 4.2 7.8

WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 180,295 89,609 90,686 182,304 90,707 91,596

Civilian labor force.................................................. 103,055 55,798 47,256 103,342 55,943 47,399

Participation rate.................................................. 57.2 62.3 52.1 56.7 61.7 51.7

Employed.......................................................... 94,783 50,813 43,971 96,357 51,793 44,564

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children

under 18, 2013-2014 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2013 2014

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Full-time workers1.............................................. 74,470 42,128 32,342 75,991 43,214 32,777

Part-time workers2............................................. 20,313 8,685 11,629 20,366 8,579 11,787

Employment-population ratio.................................... 52.6 56.7 48.5 52.9 57.1 48.7

Unemployed....................................................... 8,271 4,986 3,285 6,985 4,150 2,835

Unemployment rate............................................ 8.0 8.9 7.0 6.8 7.4 6.0

1 Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.

2 Usually work less than 35 hours per week at all jobs.

3

Includes never married; married, spouse absent; divorced; separated; and widowed persons.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related

and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January

data.
Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest

child and marital status, 2013-2014 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2013 2014

With own children under 3 years old With own children under 3 years old

Total 2 years 1 year Under 1

year

Total 2 years 1 year Under 1

year

TOTAL MOTHERS

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 9,211 2,877 3,266 3,069 9,224 2,834 3,293 3,097

Civilian labor force..................................... 5,626 1,875 1,995 1,757 5,624 1,799 2,056 1,770

Participation rate.................................... 61.1 65.2 61.1 57.3 61.0 63.5 62.4 57.1

Employed............................................. 5,113 1,723 1,798 1,593 5,169 1,661 1,880 1,628

Full-time workers1

................................ 3,615 1,240 1,251 1,124 3,685 1,185 1,325 1,175

Part-time workers2

................................ 1,497 482 547 469 1,484 477 555 453

Employment-population ratio...................... 55.5 59.9 55.0 51.9 56.0 58.6 57.1 52.6

Unemployed.......................................... 514 152 197 164 456 137 176 142

Unemployment rate.............................. 9.1 8.1 9.9 9.3 8.1 7.6 8.6 8.0

Married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 6,224 1,913 2,232 2,080 6,243 1,934 2,300 2,009

Civilian labor force..................................... 3,689 1,194 1,299 1,196 3,691 1,153 1,376 1,163

Participation rate.................................... 59.3 62.4 58.2 57.5 59.1 59.6 59.8 57.9

Employed............................................. 3,503 1,141 1,224 1,138 3,526 1,104 1,307 1,116

Full-time workers1

................................ 2,541 835 867 839 2,602 807 950 844

Part-time workers2

................................ 962 305 357 299 925 296 357 271

Employment-population ratio...................... 56.3 59.6 54.9 54.7 56.5 57.1 56.8 55.5

Unemployed.......................................... 186 54 75 58 165 49 68 47

Unemployment rate.............................. 5.0 4.5 5.8 4.8 4.5 4.3 5.0 4.1

Other marital status3

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 2,987 964 1,034 989 2,981 900 993 1,088

Civilian labor force..................................... 1,937 681 695 561 1,933 646 681 607

Participation rate.................................... 64.9 70.6 67.3 56.7 64.9 71.8 68.6 55.8

Employed............................................. 1,610 582 573 455 1,642 558 573 512

Full-time workers1................................ 1,075 405 384 285 1,083 377 375 330

Part-time workers2

................................ 535 177 189 169 559 180 197 182

Employment-population ratio...................... 53.9 60.3 55.5 46.0 55.1 62.0 57.7 47.0

Unemployed.......................................... 327 99 122 107 291 88 108 95

Unemployment rate.............................. 16.9 14.5 17.5 19.0 15.0 13.6 15.8 15.6

1 Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.

2 Usually work less than 35 hours per week at all jobs.

3

Includes never married; married, spouse absent; divorced; separated; and widowed persons.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related

and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January

data.