Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 09-1097 

 http://www.bls.gov/jlt/

 JoltsInfo@bls.gov 

 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Wednesday, September 9, 2009 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JULY 2009 

On the last business day of July, the number of job openings in the U.S. was little changed at a 

series low level of 2.4 million, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported 

today. The hires rate was little changed and remained low at 3.1 percent in July. The total separations

rate remained at a series low of 3.3 percent. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of 

job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. 

Job Openings

The job openings rate was little changed in July at a rate of 1.8 percent. The number of job 

openings has fallen by 2.4 million, or 50 percent, since the most recent peak in June 2007. The job 

openings rate was little changed in July in every industry except retail where the rate declined. The job 

openings rate decreased in the Northeast and was little changed in the remaining regions. (See table 1.)

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

Percent August 2006 - July 2009

2007 2008 2009 2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

Percent August 2006 - July 2009

Separations

Hires

2007 2008 2009

News United States 

Department 

of Labor 
2 

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry July June July July June July July June July

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total 1

.............................................3,912 2,513 2,392 4,715 3,919 4,059 4,847 4,306 4,292

Total private 1

................................. 3,552 2,163 2,062 4,426 3,654 3,772 4,588 3,939 4,030

Construction................................. 126 56 45 394 277 346 425 355 414

Manufacturing.............................. 257 113 111 271 225 259 332 352 336

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

...... 686 469 380 1,002 744 811 1,058 816 880

Retail trade................................. 400 308 234 686 519 543 728 549 588

Professional and business services......... 696 445 422 850 644 710 891 698 762

Education and health services............ 818 531 534 557 530 498 508 489 474

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 457 276 282 826 695 669 841 696 671

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 58 19 30 121 107 90 129 115 90

Accommodation and food services...... 403 254 254 702 590 576 712 594 578

Government 3

................................. 410 322 321 303 262 283 299 340 276

 State and local government............... 341 273 270 275 237 253 273 272 253

Total 1............................................. 2.8 1.9 1.8 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.3

Total private 1................................. 3.0 1.9 1.9 3.9 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.6 3.7

Construction................................. 1.7 0.9 0.7 5.5 4.5 5.6 5.9 5.7 6.7

Manufacturing.............................. 1.9 0.9 0.9 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.5 3.0 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

...... 2.5 1.8 1.5 3.8 2.9 3.2 4.0 3.2 3.5

Retail trade................................. 2.5 2.0 1.6 4.5 3.5 3.7 4.7 3.7 4.0

Professional and business services.........3.8 2.6 2.5 4.8 3.9 4.3 5.0 4.2 4.6

Education and health services............ 4.1 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality .................... 3.3 2.1 2.1 6.1 5.3 5.1 6.2 5.3 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......2.9 1.0 1.5 6.2 5.7 4.7 6.5 6.1 4.8

Accommodation and food services......3.4 2.2 2.2 6.1 5.2 5.1 6.2 5.3 5.1

Government 3................................. 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2

 State and local government............... 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

 2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

 3 Includes federal government, not shown separately. p = preliminary.

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)
3 

Over the 12 months ending in July, the job openings rates (not seasonally adjusted) decreased for

total nonfarm, total private, government, and the majority of industries. The exceptions were 

information and arts, entertainment, and recreation, in which the rates were little changed. All four 

regions experienced a drop in the job openings rate over the 12 months ending in July. (See table 5.)

Hires

The hires level was little changed at 4.1 million in July but has declined by 1.6 million, or 28 

percent, since the most recent peak in July 2006. The hires rate was 3.1 percent in July and little 

changed from June. The hires rate increased over the month in construction. (See table 2.)

Over the 12 months ending in July, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) declined for total 

nonfarm and total private. The hires rate decreased for retail trade; health care and social assistance; and 

accommodation and food services. The hires rate was little changed in the remaining industries. The 

hires rate fell over the past 12 months in the South and was little changed in the remaining regions. (See 

table 6.) 

Separations

The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged in July and remained low at 3.3 percent. 

The total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) decreased over the 12 months ending in July for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs 

and discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including retirements). (See tables 3 

and 7.) 

The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. The rate 

was little changed in July at 1.3 percent. The quits level was 1.7 million in July, which is 45 percent

lower than the most recent peak in December 2006. (See table 4.)

Over the 12 months ending in July, the quits rate (not seasonally adjusted) was lower for total 

nonfarm, total private, government, the majority of industries, and all four regions. The industries for 

which the quits rates were little changed over the year include transportation, warehousing, and utilities;

information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; other services; and federal 

government. (See table 8.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total 

nonfarm, total private, and government levels. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed in 

July at 2.3 million for total nonfarm. The level for total private increased to 2.2 million and decreased to

114,000 for government. The corresponding layoffs and discharges rates were 1.8 percent, 2.1 percent, 

and 0.5 percent, respectively. The number of layoffs and discharges in July was 46 percent higher than 

the recent low point in January 2006. (See table B below.)

The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the 12 months ending in 

July for total nonfarm and total private and was little changed for government. The layoffs and 

discharges rate rose in mining and logging; construction; durable goods manufacturing; nondurable 

goods manufacturing; professional and business services; and educational services. The layoffs and 

discharges rate increased in the West and was little changed in the remaining regions. (See table 9.)
4 

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In July, there were 350,000 other 

separations for total nonfarm, 270,000 for total private, and 81,000 for government. Compared to July

2008, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and 

government. (See table 10.)

The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the total 

nonfarm level attributable to the individual components has varied over time. The proportion of 

separations due to quits declined from 61 percent in January 2007 to a series low of 38 percent in April 

2009. It then rose slightly and stood at 40 percent in July 2009. The proportion of layoffs and 

discharges reached a series high of 54 percent in March 2009 and April 2009 then dropped slightly 

before returning to 54 percent in July 2009. (See tables 3 and 4, and table B above.) 

Net Change in Employment

Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 51.3 million and separations totaled 56.6 

million, yielding a net employment loss of 5.3 million. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for August 2009 is scheduled to be issued on 

Friday, October 9. 

Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July 

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total...................................................... 1,998 2,141 2,327 1.5 1.6 1.8

Total private.......................................... 1,909 1,975 2,234 1.7 1.8 2.1

Government.......................................... 107 163 114 0.5 0.7 0.5

 p = preliminary.

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Technical Note 

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from 

a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS). 

Collection 

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are 

collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data 

collection methods include computer-assisted telephone 

interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, e-mail, and mail. 

Coverage 

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm 

establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as 

well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 

50 states and the District of Columbia. 

Concepts 

 Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, 

State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and 

update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and 

ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year 

cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting 

from the verification process are always introduced into 

the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the 

first month of the year. 

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position 

exists and there is work available for that position, 2) 

work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a 

suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is 

actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill 

the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, 

including both new and rehired employees, full-time and 

part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal employees, 

employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting 

more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who 

returned to work after having been formally separated, 

and transfers from other locations. The hires count does 

not include transfers or promotions within the reporting 

site, employees returning from strike, employees of 

temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time during 

the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by 

employees (except for retirements, which are reported as 

other separations). Layoffs and discharges are 

involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings or 

other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or 

short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal 

employees. Other separations include retirements, 

transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to 

disability. Separations do not include transfers within the 

same location or employees on strike. 

 The separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and 

other separations rates are computed similarly, dividing 

the number by employment and multiplying by 100. 

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels 
of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, 

and total separations are released with the January news 

release each year. 

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. 

Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are 

rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, 

annual estimates are published only for not seasonally 

adjusted data. 

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job 

openings cannot be created by summing the monthly 

estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and 

are cumulated over the month with a total reported for the 

month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by 

summing the monthly estimates. 

Special Collection Procedures 

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting separations 

from hires for a given month. Aggregating these monthly 

changes historically produced employment levels that 

overstated employment change as measured by CES at the 

total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed 

that a significant amount of the divergence between the 

CES employment levels and the derived JOLTS 

employment levels was traceable to the Employment 

Services industry and to the State Government Education 

industry. In the former industry, businesses have a 

difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary 

help workers. In the latter industry, employers have 

difficulty reporting hires and separations of student 

workers. BLS now devotes additional resources to the 

collection, editing, and review of data for these 

industries. BLS analysts more closely examine reported 

data that do not provide a consistent picture over time, 

and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts 

work with the respondents to adjust their reporting 

practices as possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but 

are clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used, 

they are replaced by imputed values using standard 

techniques. 

Sample and estimation methodology 

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 

nonfarm business establishments, including factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local 

governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. 

The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 

million establishments compiled as part of the operations 

of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program. This program includes all employers 

subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and 

federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation 

for Federal Employees (UCFE). 

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units drawn 

on an annual basis. The full annual sample consists of one 

certainty panel composed of only large units selected with 

virtual certainty based on their size and 24 non-certainty 

panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is rolled 

into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is rolled 

out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample 

is constructed from panels from three different annual 

sampling frames. The entire sample of old plus new 

panels is post-stratified and re-weighted annually to 

represent the most recent sampling frame. Additionally, 

the out-of-business establishments are removed from the 

old panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample. 

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to 

JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all 

other JOLTS data elements. 

 JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model 

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. BLS has developed a 

model to estimate birth/death activity for current months 

by examining the birth/death activity from previous years 

on the QCEW and projecting forward to the present using 

an econometric technique known as X-12 ARIMA 

modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical 

JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. 

The model then combines the estimated churn with the 

projected employment change to estimate the number of 

hires and separations taking place in these units that 

cannot be measured through sampling. 
 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components – quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations - in proportion to their 

contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the modeled 

units are estimated by computing the ratio of openings to 

hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to the 

modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are then 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from the 

survey to arrive at the estimates for openings, hires, and 

separations. 

Seasonal adjustment 

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the 

X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal 

adjustment is the process of estimating and removing 

periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, 

holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. 

Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe 

fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly 

those associated with general economic expansions and 

contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment 

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, 

up to and including the data for the current month. 

Alignment procedure 

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to 

the CES net employment change. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and non-sampling errors 

between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to 

diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and 

improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and separations 

series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method. 

The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES 

employment trends to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS 

implied employment trend (hires minus separations) 

forcing them to be approximately the same, while 

preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the 

two series are seasonally adjusted and the difference 

between the JOLTS implied employment trend and the 

CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the 

JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the 

CES net employment change through a proportional 

adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 

percent of the churn for a given month, they will receive 

40 percent of the needed adjustment and separations will 

receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The adjusted 

hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally 

adjusted data by reversing the application of the original 

seasonal factors. After the monthly alignment method has 

been used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. The Monthly 

Alignment procedure assures a close match of the JOLTS 

implied employment trend with the CES trend. The CES 

series is considered a highly accurate measure of net 

employment change owing to its very large sample size 

and annual benchmarking to universe counts of 

employment from the QCEW program. 

Using JOLTS data 

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided 

into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full 

complement of panels for the original data series based on 

the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system 

was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 

2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed 

to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled 

until May 2003. The data collected up until those points 

are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates 

from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer 

sampled units were reporting data at that time. 

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and 

separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations 

estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be 

comparable to estimates for March 2002 and later. 

 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new 

Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the 

JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal 

government. The Office of Personnel Management's 

record shows these transfers were completed in March 

2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions 

of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing 

movements of workers between establishments. The 

Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a 

massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these 

intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal 

government time series. 

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal 

adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with 

autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal 

adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series 

and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Reliability of the estimates 

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire 

population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request. 

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation. 

Other information 

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-

8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4........................................................................................................... 3,912 2,973 2,633 2,513 2,523 2,513 2,392 2.8 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 3,552 2,606 2,269 2,042 2,191 2,163 2,062 3.0 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9

Construction........................................................................ 126 58 51 29 39 56 45 1.7 .9 .8 .5 .6 .9 .7

Manufacturing................................................................ 257 141 115 95 105 113 111 1.9 1.1 .9 .8 .9 .9 .9

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 686 488 414 332 466 469 380 2.5 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.5

Retail trade................................................................................. 400 334 265 205 319 308 234 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.4 2.1 2.0 1.6

Professional and business services......................... 696 482 428 461 451 445 422 3.8 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5

Education and health services................................................. 818 589 537 515 530 531 534 4.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 457 332 289 322 265 276 282 3.3 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 58 30 25 22 20 19 30 2.9 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.5

Accommodation and food services......................... 403 302 263 312 239 254 254 3.4 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.2 2.2

Government 6......................................................................................... 410 367 353 461 310 322 321 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.4

State and local government.................................................................................... 341 317 291 307 267 273 270 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4

REGION 7

Northeast......................................................................... 752 607 583 520 554 609 501 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.0

South............................................................................................... 1,459 1,109 1,000 942 888 882 840 2.9 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7

Midwest......................................................................................... 770 563 499 512 512 496 538 2.4 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8

West...................................................................................... 986 638 556 570 544 561 519 3.1 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 

7

 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 

5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 

6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 

p

 = preliminary.

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4........................................................................................................... 4,715 4,339 4,099 4,117 3,942 3,919 4,059 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 4,426 4,042 3,799 3,822 3,739 3,654 3,772 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.5

Construction........................................................................ 394 370 343 341 365 277 346 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.8 4.5 5.6

Manufacturing................................................................ 271 257 244 236 206 225 259 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 1,002 814 883 888 842 744 811 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.9 3.2

Retail trade................................................................................. 686 563 595 655 575 519 543 4.5 3.8 4.0 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.7

Professional and business services......................... 850 730 668 733 721 644 710 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.3

Education and health services................................................. 557 527 483 475 473 530 498 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.6

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 826 704 693 691 695 695 669 6.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 121 89 85 86 83 107 90 6.2 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.4 5.7 4.7

Accommodation and food services......................... 702 614 607 603 606 590 576 6.1 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.1

Government 6......................................................................................... 303 275 271 340 273 262 283 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.3

State and local government.................................................................................... 275 252 247 246 257 237 253 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast......................................................................... 763 837 696 729 712 735 700 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8

South............................................................................................... 1,726 1,566 1,458 1,619 1,423 1,428 1,432 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.0

Midwest......................................................................................... 1,079 904 943 901 867 839 929 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.1

West...................................................................................... 1,128 960 931 949 995 917 989 3.7 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.4

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series. p

 = preliminary.

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3 (in thousands)

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4........................................................................................................... 4,847 4,833 4,712 4,641 4,356 4,306 4,292 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 4,588 4,555 4,434 4,362 4,066 3,939 4,030 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.7

Construction........................................................................ 425 463 463 437 411 355 414 5.9 7.0 7.2 6.9 6.5 5.7 6.7

Manufacturing................................................................ 332 424 401 390 367 352 336 2.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 1,058 920 1,001 982 951 816 880 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.2 3.5

Retail trade................................................................................. 728 590 646 678 601 549 588 4.7 3.9 4.3 4.6 4.1 3.7 4.0

Professional and business services......................... 891 951 778 839 771 698 762 5.0 5.6 4.6 5.0 4.6 4.2 4.6

Education and health services................................................. 508 498 466 462 419 489 474 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 841 731 751 716 684 696 671 6.2 5.5 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 129 88 95 102 88 115 90 6.5 4.5 4.9 5.4 4.6 6.1 4.8

Accommodation and food services......................... 712 635 649 612 596 594 578 6.2 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.1

Government 6......................................................................................... 299 271 265 255 288 340 276 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.2

State and local government.................................................................................... 273 251 251 243 250 272 253 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast......................................................................... 844 783 878 700 774 799 675 3.3 3.1 3.5 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.7

South............................................................................................... 1,819 1,742 1,741 1,682 1,565 1,535 1,558 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3

Midwest......................................................................................... 1,025 1,121 1,085 1,065 1,016 958 946 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.2

West...................................................................................... 1,188 1,188 978 1,188 980 1,053 1,103 3.9 4.0 3.3 4.0 3.3 3.6 3.7

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

month. not shown separately.

 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = preliminary.

seasonal adjustment of the various series.

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4........................................................................................................... 2,550 1,911 1,856 1,777 1,788 1,787 1,730 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 2,415 1,831 1,749 1,678 1,682 1,680 1,635 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Construction........................................................................ 152 87 102 74 84 70 66 2.1 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1

Manufacturing................................................................ 147 105 81 80 86 93 78 1.1 .8 .7 .7 .7 .8 .7

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 556 372 444 385 398 391 411 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6

Retail trade................................................................................. 397 323 344 271 296 299 289 2.6 2.2 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0

Professional and business services......................... 473 310 278 272 281 257 255 2.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5

Education and health services................................................. 295 258 249 228 249 264 247 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 565 431 433 430 396 429 380 4.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.3 2.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 57 36 35 41 45 46 28 2.9 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.4 1.5

Accommodation and food services......................... 510 399 402 392 351 378 352 4.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.1

Government 6......................................................................................... 135 115 107 99 107 111 97 .6 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4

State and local government.................................................................................... 127 110 106 96 97 99 92 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5

REGION 7

Northeast......................................................................... 402 271 273 263 303 279 234 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 .9

South............................................................................................... 1,010 759 751 691 718 693 704 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5

Midwest......................................................................................... 574 468 431 410 397 403 405 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4

West...................................................................................... 568 453 408 453 398 434 392 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series. p

 = preliminary.

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total........................................................................................................... 4,280 2,496 2,560 3.0 1.8 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 3,822 2,149 2,209 3.2 1.9 2.0

Mining and logging...................................................30 7 5 3.7 .9 .7

Construction...................................................................................................... 164 60 59 2.1 .9 .9

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 278 116 122 2.0 1.0 1.0

Durable goods.............................................................................. 163 60 67 1.9 .8 .9

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 115 56 55 2.2 1.2 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 752 452 392 2.8 1.8 1.5

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 151 89 88 2.5 1.5 1.5

Retail trade................................................................................. 460 293 248 2.9 1.9 1.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 140 69 57 2.7 1.4 1.2

Information...................................................................................... 78 47 57 2.5 1.6 2.0

Financial activities........................................................................... 275 148 165 3.2 1.9 2.1

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 198 117 122 3.2 2.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 77 31 43 3.4 1.5 2.1

Professional and business services........................................ 747 419 444 4.0 2.4 2.6

Education and health services................................................................. 852 511 558 4.4 2.6 2.9

Educational services................................................................ 94 66 52 3.3 2.2 1.8

Health care and social assistance.................................. 759 446 506 4.6 2.7 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 477 267 304 3.3 1.9 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 54 17 29 2.3 .8 1.3

Accommodation and food services............................... 423 250 275 3.4 2.1 2.3

Other services................................................................................. 171 123 103 3.0 2.2 1.8

Government......................................................................................... 458 348 351 2.1 1.5 1.6

Federal................................................................................................ 76 46 59 2.7 1.6 2.0

State and local.................................................................................... 382 302 292 2.0 1.5 1.6

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 781 598 512 3.0 2.3 2.0

South............................................................................................... 1,601 859 900 3.1 1.8 1.9

Midwest................................................................................................. 849 459 601 2.7 1.5 2.0

West....................................................................................................... 1,049 581 547 3.3 1.9 1.8

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total........................................................................................................... 5,236 4,534 4,518 3.8 3.4 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 4,906 4,179 4,201 4.2 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging...................................................34 22 25 4.4 3.0 3.4

Construction...................................................................................................... 452 342 401 6.0 5.3 6.2

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 304 260 293 2.2 2.2 2.5

Durable goods.............................................................................. 173 125 149 2.0 1.7 2.1

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 131 135 144 2.6 2.9 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 1,049 786 849 4.0 3.1 3.4

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 161 127 135 2.7 2.2 2.4

Retail trade................................................................................. 697 537 551 4.5 3.6 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 191 123 163 3.8 2.6 3.4

Information...................................................................................... 64 71 66 2.1 2.5 2.3

Financial activities........................................................................... 257 206 230 3.1 2.6 2.9

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 169 117 135 2.8 2.0 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 88 89 95 4.0 4.4 4.7

Professional and business services........................................ 939 665 803 5.2 4.0 4.8

Education and health services................................................................. 631 603 565 3.4 3.2 3.0

Educational services................................................................ 105 99 100 3.8 3.4 3.6

Health care and social assistance.................................. 526 504 465 3.3 3.1 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 917 863 734 6.5 6.3 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 135 171 98 5.9 8.0 4.5

Accommodation and food services............................... 782 693 635 6.6 6.0 5.4

Other services................................................................................. 260 360 235 4.6 6.6 4.3

Government......................................................................................... 330 355 316 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal................................................................................................ 33 30 40 1.2 1.1 1.4

State and local.................................................................................... 297 325 276 1.6 1.7 1.5

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 906 903 830 3.5 3.6 3.4

South............................................................................................... 1,894 1,611 1,555 3.8 3.4 3.3

Midwest................................................................................................. 1,156 961 1,005 3.7 3.2 3.4

West....................................................................................................... 1,279 1,058 1,127 4.2 3.6 3.8

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total........................................................................................................... 5,442 4,166 4,744 4.0 3.1 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 5,045 3,686 4,376 4.4 3.3 4.0

Mining and logging...................................................25 19 22 3.1 2.6 3.0

Construction...................................................................................................... 458 313 446 6.1 4.9 6.9

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 348 315 316 2.6 2.6 2.7

Durable goods.............................................................................. 209 192 165 2.5 2.6 2.3

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 138 123 151 2.8 2.7 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 1,109 724 908 4.2 2.9 3.6

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 176 113 148 2.9 2.0 2.6

Retail trade................................................................................. 734 486 584 4.8 3.3 4.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 198 125 176 3.9 2.6 3.7

Information...................................................................................... 79 72 84 2.6 2.5 2.9

Financial activities........................................................................... 265 161 238 3.2 2.1 3.0

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 172 102 142 2.8 1.8 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 93 59 96 4.2 2.9 4.7

Professional and business services........................................ 949 637 815 5.3 3.8 4.9

Education and health services................................................................. 616 536 576 3.3 2.8 3.0

Educational services................................................................ 102 96 115 3.7 3.3 4.1

Health care and social assistance.................................. 515 441 461 3.3 2.7 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 936 694 736 6.6 5.1 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 115 92 77 5.1 4.3 3.5

Accommodation and food services............................... 821 603 659 6.9 5.2 5.7

Other services................................................................................. 260 215 234 4.6 3.9 4.3

Government......................................................................................... 397 480 369 1.9 2.1 1.7

Federal................................................................................................ 20 66 21 .7 2.3 .7

State and local.................................................................................... 377 414 348 2.0 2.1 1.9

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 946 794 756 3.7 3.2 3.1

South............................................................................................... 2,066 1,465 1,745 4.2 3.1 3.7

Midwest................................................................................................. 1,111 878 992 3.6 2.9 3.3

West....................................................................................................... 1,320 1,029 1,252 4.3 3.5 4.2

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total........................................................................................................... 3,051 1,871 2,061 2.2 1.4 1.6

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 2,878 1,721 1,941 2.5 1.6 1.8

Mining and logging...................................................15 6 5 1.9 .9 .7

Construction...................................................................................................... 215 75 92 2.9 1.2 1.4

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 169 90 87 1.2 .8 .7

Durable goods.............................................................................. 87 41 35 1.0 .6 .5

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 82 49 51 1.6 1.1 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 612 366 453 2.3 1.4 1.8

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 102 41 60 1.7 .7 1.0

Retail trade................................................................................. 433 281 310 2.8 1.9 2.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 77 45 83 1.5 .9 1.7

Information...................................................................................... 48 27 46 1.6 .9 1.6

Financial activities........................................................................... 114 66 90 1.4 .8 1.2

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 78 46 56 1.3 .8 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 36 20 34 1.7 1.0 1.7

Professional and business services........................................ 537 280 306 3.0 1.7 1.8

Education and health services................................................................. 361 271 302 1.9 1.4 1.6

Educational services................................................................ 42 41 30 1.5 1.4 1.1

Health care and social assistance.................................. 320 230 272 2.0 1.4 1.7

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 696 427 461 4.9 3.1 3.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 77 50 38 3.4 2.3 1.8

Accommodation and food services............................... 619 378 423 5.2 3.3 3.6

Other services................................................................................. 111 111 99 2.0 2.0 1.8

Government......................................................................................... 173 151 120 .8 .7 .6

Federal................................................................................................ 7 16 3 .3 .6 .1

State and local.................................................................................... 166 135 117 .9 .7 .6

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 502 291 292 2.0 1.2 1.2

South............................................................................................... 1,201 705 838 2.4 1.5 1.8

Midwest................................................................................................. 645 403 455 2.1 1.3 1.5

West....................................................................................................... 703 472 476 2.3 1.6 1.6

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total........................................................................................................... 2,031 1,931 2,332 1.5 1.5 1.8

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 1,878 1,710 2,165 1.6 1.6 2.0

Mining and logging...................................................7 11 15 .9 1.5 2.0

Construction...................................................................................................... 228 229 342 3.0 3.6 5.3

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 153 190 209 1.1 1.6 1.8

Durable goods.............................................................................. 107 126 118 1.3 1.7 1.6

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 46 64 91 .9 1.4 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 403 314 388 1.5 1.2 1.5

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 61 68 80 1.0 1.2 1.4

Retail trade................................................................................. 250 174 227 1.6 1.2 1.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 92 72 81 1.8 1.5 1.7

Information...................................................................................... 23 39 35 .8 1.4 1.2

Financial activities........................................................................... 125 90 133 1.5 1.2 1.7

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 72 52 79 1.2 .9 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 54 38 54 2.5 1.9 2.7

Professional and business services........................................ 370 308 441 2.1 1.8 2.6

Education and health services................................................................. 227 209 239 1.2 1.1 1.3

Educational services................................................................ 58 48 80 2.1 1.7 2.9

Health care and social assistance.................................. 169 161 159 1.1 1.0 1.0

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 210 231 248 1.5 1.7 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 34 38 35 1.5 1.8 1.6

Accommodation and food services............................... 176 194 213 1.5 1.7 1.8

Other services................................................................................. 131 88 117 2.3 1.6 2.1

Government......................................................................................... 153 221 168 .7 1.0 .8

Federal................................................................................................ 6 20 4 .2 .7 .1

State and local.................................................................................... 147 201 164 .8 1.0 .9

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 360 418 382 1.4 1.7 1.5

South............................................................................................... 737 632 783 1.5 1.3 1.7

Midwest................................................................................................. 394 407 449 1.3 1.4 1.5

West....................................................................................................... 539 474 719 1.8 1.6 2.4

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total........................................................................................................... 360 364 350 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 289 255 270 .2 .2 .2

Mining and logging...................................................3 2 2 .3 .3 .3

Construction...................................................................................................... 16 9 13 .2 .1 .2

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 26 35 20 .2 .3 .2

Durable goods.............................................................................. 15 25 12 .2 .3 .2

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 11 10 9 .2 .2 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 94 43 68 .4 .2 .3

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 13 4 9 .2 .1 .2

Retail trade................................................................................. 51 31 46 .3 .2 .3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 30 8 12 .6 .2 .3

Information...................................................................................... 8 6 3 .3 .2 .1

Financial activities........................................................................... 25 5 14 .3 .1 .2

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 22 4 7 .4 .1 .1

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 3 1 7 .1 (

4

) .3

Professional and business services........................................ 42 48 68 .2 .3 .4

Education and health services................................................................. 28 56 36 .2 .3 .2

Educational services................................................................ 2 6 6 .1 .2 .2

Health care and social assistance.................................. 26 49 30 .2 .3 .2

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 30 36 28 .2 .3 .2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 4 4 4 .2 .2 .2

Accommodation and food services............................... 26 31 24 .2 .3 .2

Other services................................................................................. 18 16 19 .3 .3 .3

Government......................................................................................... 71 109 81 .3 .5 .4

Federal................................................................................................ 7 30 14 .2 1.1 .5

State and local.................................................................................... 64 78 67 .3 .4 .4

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 84 86 82 .3 .3 .3

South............................................................................................... 128 128 124 .3 .3 .3

Midwest................................................................................................. 72 68 89 .2 .2 .3

West....................................................................................................... 76 82 55 .2 .3 .2

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 4 Data round to zero.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region