Internet address: http://www.bls.gov/lpc/ USDL 08-0618 

Historical, technical TRANSMISSION OF THIS 

 information: (202) 691-5606 MATERIAL IS EMBARGOED 

Current data: (202) 691-5200 UNTIL 8:30 A.M. EDT, 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 WEDNESDAY, MAY 7, 2008. 

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS 

First Quarter 2008, Preliminary

 The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor today reported 

preliminary productivity data—as measured by output per hour of all persons—for the first 

quarter of 2008. The seasonally adjusted annual rates of productivity change in the first quarter 

were: 

1.9 percent in the business sector and 

 2.2 percent in the nonfarm business sector. 

In both sectors, the productivity gains were due primarily to declines in hours worked. In 

the business sector, output edged up 0.2 percent while hours fell 1.6 percent. In nonfarm 

businesses, output rose 0.4 percent and hours declined 1.8 percent (seasonally adjusted annual 

rates). In both sectors, productivity grew faster than in the fourth quarter of 2007, when output 

per hour rose 0.9 percent in the business sector and 1.8 percent in the nonfarm business sector. 

First quarter measures are summarized in table A and appear in detail in tables 1 through 5. 

In manufacturing, productivity changes in the first quarter were: 

4.1 percent in manufacturing, 

2.3 percent in durable goods manufacturing, and 

7.0 percent in nondurable goods manufacturing. 

 Manufacturing productivity growth in the first quarter reflected a 4.2 percent decline in 

hours worked in the sector and an output decline of 0.3 percent. After revisions, manufacturing 

productivity increased 4.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2007. Output and hours in 

manufacturing, which includes about 12 percent of U.S. business sector employment, tend to 

vary more from quarter to quarter than data for the aggregate business and nonfarm business 

sectors. First quarter measures are summarized in table A and appear in detail in tables 1 

through 5. 

 
2 

Table A. Productivity and costs: Preliminary first quarter 2008 measures 

(Seasonally adjusted annual rates) 

Sector 

Productivity Output Hours 

Hourly 

compensation 

Real 

hourly 

compensation 

Unit 

labor 

costs 

 Percent change from preceding quarter 

Business 1.9 0.2 -1.6 4.2 -0.1 2.2 

Nonfarm business 2.2 0.4 -1.8 4.4 0.1 2.2 

Manufacturing 4.1 -0.3 -4.2 6.7 2.3 2.5 

 Durable 2.3 -0.5 -2.8 6.6 2.2 4.1 

 Nondurable 7.0 -0.1 -6.6 6.5 2.1 -0.4 

 Percent change from same quarter a year ago 

Business 3.2 2.6 -0.6 3.5 -0.7 0.2 

Nonfarm business 3.2 2.6 -0.6 3.4 -0.7 0.2 

Manufacturing 4.1 2.1 -2.0 2.8 -1.3 -1.3 

 Durable 5.5 3.6 -1.8 2.9 -1.2 -2.5 

 Nondurable 2.8 0.4 -2.3 2.6 -1.5 -0.2 

The data sources and methods used in the preparation of the manufacturing series differ 

from those used in preparing the business and nonfarm business series, and these measures are 

not directly comparable. Output measures for business and nonfarm business are based on 

measures of gross domestic product prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. 

Department of Commerce. Quarterly output measures for manufacturing reflect indexes of 

industrial production independently prepared by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 

System. See Technical Notes for further information on data sources (page 8). 

Business 

 Productivity in the business sector rose 1.9 percent in the first quarter of 2008, as output 

grew 0.2 percent and hours of all persons at work in the sector—employees, proprietors, and 

unpaid family workers—fell 1.6 percent (seasonally adjusted annual rates). The decrease in 

hours was the largest since the second quarter of 2003, when they fell 2.1 percent. When the 

first quarter of 2008 is compared to the first quarter of 2007, productivity in the business sector 

grew 3.2 percent. This was the largest four quarter change since a 3.4 percent increase from the 

second quarter of 2003 to the second quarter of 2004 (see tables A and 1). 

 Hourly compensation increased 4.2 percent during the first quarter of 2008 following a 

3.7 percent rise in the previous quarter. Hourly compensation includes wages and salary 

accruals, supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes. Real hourly 

compensation, which takes into account changes in consumer prices, decreased 0.1 percent in the 

first quarter of 2008 after falling 1.3 percent in the fourth quarter of 2007. 

 
3 

Unit labor costs rose 2.2 percent in the first quarter of 2008, compared to a 2.8 percent 

increase in the fourth quarter. Growth in unit labor costs is roughly equivalent to the change in 

hourly compensation minus the change in output per hour. The implicit price deflator for the 

business sector, which reflects changes in both unit labor costs and unit nonlabor payments, grew 

at a 2.0 percent rate in the first quarter and 1.9 percent in the final quarter of 2007. 

Nonfarm business 

 Productivity increased 2.2 percent in the nonfarm business sector in the first quarter of 

2008 as output rose 0.4 percent and hours of all persons fell 1.8 percent (seasonally adjusted 

annual rates). The decrease in hours was the largest since the first quarter of 2003, when hours 

fell 2.3 percent, and followed a 1.6 percent decline in the previous quarter (see tables A and 2.) 

Productivity in the nonfarm business sector grew 3.2 percent from the first quarter of 

2007 to the first quarter of 2008, the largest four quarter change since a 3.8 percent increase 

between the second quarters of 2003 and 2004. 

 Hourly compensation grew at a 4.4 percent annual rate in the first quarter of 2008; similar 

to the fourth quarter rate of 4.6 percent. When the rise in consumer prices was taken into 

account, real hourly compensation rose 0.1 percent in the first quarter following a 0.4 percent 

decline in the fourth quarter of 2007. 

Unit labor costs grew 2.2 percent in the first quarter of 2008 and 2.8 percent in the 

previous quarter. The implicit price deflator for nonfarm business output increased 2.2 percent 

in the first quarter of 2008 and 1.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2007. 

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Percent change

From previous quarter, compound annual rate

From same quarter a year ago

Chart 1. Output per Hour, Nonfarm Business, all persons, 2001:1-2007:4 sons, 2001:1-2008:1

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2

Chart 2. Unit Labor Costs, Nonfarm Business, all persons, 2001:1-2008:1

Percent change

From previous quarter, compound annual rate

From same quarter a year ago

006 2007 2008

Manufacturing 

 Productivity increased 4.1 percent in manufacturing in the first quarter of 2008 as output 

decreased 0.3 percent and hours of all persons dropped 4.2 percent (seasonally adjusted annual 

rates). This 4.2 percent hours decrease reflected a 2.8 percent decline in durable goods hours and 

a 6.6 percent drop in hours worked in nondurable goods industries. Productivity rose 2.3 percent 

in durable manufacturing and 7.0 percent in nondurable manufacturing. 

 
4 

The hourly compensation of all manufacturing workers increased 6.7 percent during the 

first quarter of 2008 and real hourly compensation rose 2.3 percent (seasonally adjusted annual 

rates). Because hourly compensation of manufacturing workers rose more rapidly than 

productivity, unit labor costs increased in the first quarter, by 2.5 percent. Unit labor costs 

increased 4.1 percent in durable goods manufacturing and fell 0.4 percent in nondurable goods 

manufacturing. 

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Percent change

From previous quarter, compound annual rate

From same quarter a year ago

Chart 3. Output per Hour, Manufacturing, all persons, 2001:1-2008:1

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Chart 4. Unit Labor Costs, Manufacturing, all persons, 2001:1-2008:1

Percent change

From previous quarter, compound annual rate

From same quarter a year ago

2006 2007 2008

Fourth quarter and annual measures for nonfinancial corporations 

 Fourth quarter and annual 2007 measures of productivity and costs also were announced 

today for the nonfinancial corporate sector (tables B, C, and 6). Output per all employee hour 

grew 0.9 percent from the third to the fourth quarter of 2007 as output rose 0.9 percent and 

employee hours were unchanged. 

Table B. Nonfinancial corporations: Fourth quarter 2007 productivity and cost measures 

(Seasonally adjusted annual rates) 

Period 

Productivity Output Hours 

Hourly 

compensation 

Real 

hourly 

compensation 

Unit 

labor 

costs 

Unit 

profits 

Implicit 

price 

deflator 

Percent change from preceding quarter 

2007 IV 0.9 0.9 0.0 3.5 -1.4 2.6 -16.9 0.3 

Percent change from same quarter a year ago 

2007 IV 1.8 2.1 0.3 3.4 -0.6 1.6 -2.1 1.0 

 Hourly compensation increased 3.5 percent in the fourth quarter of 2007, leading to an 

increase of 2.6 percent in unit labor costs. When consumer prices are taken into account, real 

hourly compensation fell 1.4 percent. Unit profits fell 16.9 percent in the fourth quarter of 2007 

and 10.2 percent in the previous quarter. The implicit price deflator increased 0.3 percent during 

the fourth quarter of 2007 after falling 1.6 percent in the third quarter. 

 
5 

When the annual average for 2007 was compared with that for 2006, labor productivity 

increased 1.4 percent in the nonfinancial corporate sector. In the previous six years, 2000 

through 2006, output per hour increased an average of 2.6 percent per year. Output increased 2.1 

percent in 2007, down from 3.0 percent in 2006, and hours rose 0.7 percent, compared with 2.2 

percent during the previous year. (See table C.) 

Table C. Nonfinancial corporations: Annual changes in productivity and related measures, 1998-2007

Measure 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Productivity........................... 3.4 3.7 3.9 1.8 4.0 3.8 3.7 1.4 0.7 1.4

Output ................................... 5.7 6.0 5.2 -0.9 0.9 2.2 5.1 3.1 3.0 2.1

Hours..................................... 2.2 2.3 1.3 -2.7 -3.0 -1.5 1.3 1.7 2.2 0.7

Hourly compensation ............ 5.9 4.9 7.1 4.2 3.6 4.1 3.0 3.8 3.5 4.7

Real hourly compensation..... 4.5 2.8 3.6 1.4 1.9 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.8

Unit labor costs ..................... 2.4 1.2 3.1 2.4 -0.4 0.3 -0.7 2.4 2.8 3.2

Unit nonlabor costs ............... -0.2 0.9 3.8 8.1 -1.6 0.2 -1.6 2.7 1.4 1.1

Total unit costs...................... 1.7 1.1 3.3 3.9 -0.7 0.3 -0.9 2.4 2.4 2.6

Unit profits............................ -11.2 -5.8 -15.8 -24.3 19.2 12.1 31.8 6.6 5.5 -5.7

Implicit price deflator ........... 0.0 0.3 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 2.0 2.9 2.8 1.6

Hourly compensation grew 4.7 percent in 2007, and real hourly compensation increased 

1.8 percent. The increase in hourly compensation was the largest in the series since 2000, when 

it had increased 7.1 percent. Total unit costs in 2007 rose 2.6 percent, reflecting a 3.2 percent 

increase in unit labor costs and a 1.1 percent increase in unit nonlabor costs. Unit profits fell 5.7 

percent in 2007. This was the first decline since 2001, when the series fell 24.3 percent. The 

implicit price deflator, which reflects both the unit costs and unit profits measures, rose 1.6 

percent in 2007. 

Revised measures 

 With this release, hours for all sectors were revised back to 2000 to incorporate updated 

information on seasonal trends in Current Population Survey data on hours worked. 

Employment was revised historically to exclude secondary jobs of self employed and unpaid 

family workers in any month when they did not report hours worked in those jobs. Also 

employment of manufacturing proprietors is now calculated using the number of persons 

employed; previously it was the number of persons at work. 

 Output data for the manufacturing sectors also were revised. Annual output indexes are 

constructed by BLS using data from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Economic 

Analysis (BEA), both the U.S. Department of Commerce, together with information on price 

changes, primarily from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. These revisions begin with data for 1987 

and incorporate revised information on intermediate inputs. (See USDL 08-0857, “Multifactor 

Productivity Trends in Manufacturing for 2006,” May 1, 2008 

(http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/prod3.pdf). Quarterly changes in manufacturing output 

 
6 

and related measures also now reflect revised Indexes of Industrial Production, published by the 

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on March 28, 2008. Appendix tables 1-3 

display quarterly and annual data for manufacturing, durable manufacturing, and nondurable 

manufacturing beginning in 2003. Quarterly historical data are available on the BLS website. 

Annual historical data for total manufacturing and its subsectors are presented in appendix 

tables 4-6. 

 A revised seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index Research Series, prepared by the 

BLS Office of Prices and Living Conditions for the period 1978 to 2007, has been incorporated 

into our consumer price series. As a result, measures of real hourly compensation for all sectors 

were revised back to 1984. Complete quarterly and annual series are available on the BLS 

website. 

 Previous and revised measures for the fourth quarter and annual average of 2007 in the 

business, nonfarm business, and manufacturing sectors are compared in table D. In the business 

and nonfarm business sectors, productivity was revised down slightly in the fourth quarter, 

primarily due to downward revisions to output. Unit labor costs in these sectors were revised up 

from the increases reported March 5. 

Table D. Previous and revised productivity and related measures 

Quarterly percent change at seasonally adjusted annual rate 

Sector 

Productivity Output Hours 

Hourly 

compensation 

Real 

hourly 

compensation 

Unit 

labor 

costs 

Fourth quarter 2007 

Business: 

 Previous........................ 1.0 0.2 -0.7 3.6 -1.3 2.7 

 Revised......................... 0.9 0.1 -0.7 3.7 -1.3 2.8 

Nonfarm business: 

 Previous........................ 1.9 0.3 -1.6 4.6 -0.5 2.6 

 Revised......................... 1.8 0.2 -1.6 4.6 -0.4 2.8 

Manufacturing: 

 Previous........................ 2.3 -1.7 -3.9 4.4 -0.6 2.1 

 Revised......................... 4.2 -0.4 -4.4 4.3 -0.6 0.2 

Annual average 2007 

Business: 

 Previous........................ 1.9 2.3 0.4 5.0 2.3 3.1 

 Revised......................... 1.9 2.3 0.4 5.0 2.1 3.1 

Nonfarm business: 

 Previous........................ 1.8 2.3 0.5 4.9 2.3 3.1 

 Revised......................... 1.8 2.3 0.5 4.9 2.1 3.1 

Manufacturing: 

 Previous........................ 3.7 2.0 -1.7 5.4 2.7 1.6 

 Revised......................... 3.4 1.6 -1.7 5.4 2.5 1.9 

 
7 

Fourth quarter productivity growth in the manufacturing sector was higher than reported 

March 5. Hours fell more than reported in March, and had the largest decline since the third 

quarter of 2003. The upward revision to productivity resulted in a downward revision to unit 

labor costs. 

The 2007 annual average measures of real hourly compensation for the business, nonfarm 

business, and manufacturing sectors were revised downward due to a revision in the Consumer 

Price Index Research series. The 2007 annual averages in the manufacturing sector showed a 

downward revision in output, which led to a downward revision in productivity and an upward 

revision in unit labor costs. 

Next release date 

 The next release of Productivity and Costs is scheduled for 8:30 AM EDT, 

Wednesday, June 4, 2008. First quarter measures for nonfinancial corporations and revised first 

quarter measures for business, nonfarm business, and manufacturing will be released at that time. 

 
8 

TECHNICAL NOTES 

Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours for all 

persons working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family 

workers. The primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by 

wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments. The CES also provides average weekly 

paid hours of production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly paid 

hours are adjusted to hours at work using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). 

The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, was used for earlier years. The 

Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average weekly hours at work for 

nonproduction and supervisory workers using information from the Current Population Survey 

(CPS), the CES, and the NCS. 

Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and nonfarm unpaid 

family workers. Estimates of labor input for government enterprises are derived from the CPS, 

the CES, and the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of 

Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce. 

The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or more 

establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS features measures of 

employment that count each person only once and classify each person according to his or her 

primary job; hours worked at all jobs by that person accrue to his or her primary job. However, 

the CPS also collects more detailed information on employment and hours worked at primary 

jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity measures use the more detailed 

information on employment and hours to assign all hours worked to the correct industrial sector 

and avoid duplicating hours data from the CES. 

Output: Business sector output is an annual-weighted index constructed after excluding from 

gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, 

and private households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are 

made in labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 78 percent of the value of GDP in 

2000. Nonfarm business, which also excludes farming, accounted for about 77 percent of GDP in 

2000. 

Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are 

constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of 

the Census with deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS 

producer price program and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual 

weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are 

based on the index of industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of Governors of the 

Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector 

output prepared by BLS. Durables include the following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood 

product manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; primary metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing; electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing; transportation 

equipment manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing; and miscellaneous 

manu-facturing. Nondurables include: food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco product 

manufac-turing; textile mills; textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied 

product manufacturing; paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities; petroleum 

and coal products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and rubber products 

manufacturing. 

Nonfinancial corporate output is an annual-weighted index calculated on the basis of the 

costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the 

following outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; 

unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies, 
9 

offices of other holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial 

corporations accounted for about 54 percent of the value of GDP in 2000. 

Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship between real output and the 

labor time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to period in the 

amount of goods and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours 

at work of all persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor, 

capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many 

influences, including changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of 

capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill; and the 

characteristics and effort of the work force. 

Labor Compensation: Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures 

of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee compensation data 

from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general government, 

nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from compensation of domestic 

employees to derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of 

proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that 

proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly 

labor productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family 

workers. 

Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release describe the relationship 

between compensation per hour and productivity, or real output per hour, and can be used as an 

indicator of inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit 

labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation increases and lower unit labor 

costs. 

Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways; as 

index number series where 1992=100, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of the 

previous year, and as percent changes from the previous quarter presented at a compound annual 

rate. Annual data are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the 

previous year. 

 The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news 

release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS 

web site are calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. These index numbers are 

available at the BLS web site, http://www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS 

Division of Major Sector Productivity. (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email 

DPRWEB@BLS.GOV) 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon 

request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service number: 1-800-877-8339.
10 

 (Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, 

and prices, seasonally adjusted 

 Real 

 Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit Unit non- Implicit 

 and hour of of all tion per tion per labor labor pay- price 

 quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs ments (3) deflator (4) 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Indexes 1992=100 

2006 I r136.3 163.2 r119.7 r168.3 r120.8 r123.4 r133.0 127.0 

 II r136.7 164.2 r120.1 r168.1 r119.6 r123.0 r136.6 128.0 

 III r136.1 164.4 r120.8 r168.7 r118.9 r123.9 r136.7 128.7 

 IV r136.5 165.5 r121.2 r173.5 r122.7 r127.1 r132.0 128.9 

 ANNUAL r136.4 164.3 r120.5 r169.6 r120.5 r124.4 r134.6 128.2 

2007 I r136.8 165.6 r121.0 r176.1 r123.5 r128.7 r132.8 130.2 

 II r138.1 167.3 r121.2 r177.1 r122.8 r128.3 r135.4 130.9 

 III r140.3 169.7 r120.9 r178.7 r123.1 r127.4 r137.1 131.0 

 IV r140.6 r169.7 r120.7 r180.4 r122.7 r128.3 r137.3 r131.7 

 ANNUAL r139.0 r168.1 r121.0 r178.1 r123.0 r128.2 r135.7 r131.0 

2008 I 141.3 169.8 120.2 182.2 122.6 129.0 137.9 132.3 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 

2006 I r2.4 5.5 r3.0 7.1 r5.2 r4.6 r0.0 2.8 

 II r1.0 2.5 1.5 -0.5 r-3.9 -1.5 11.3 3.3 

 III r-1.7 0.6 2.3 1.5 r-2.4 r3.2 r0.4 2.1 

 IV r1.2 2.6 r1.4 r11.9 r13.6 r10.6 r-12.9 0.8 

 ANNUAL 1.0 3.1 2.1 4.0 0.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 

2007 I r0.9 0.2 r-0.8 r6.2 r2.5 r5.2 r2.3 4.1 

 II 3.8 4.4 0.5 r2.4 r-2.1 r-1.4 r8.2 2.2 

 III r6.4 5.7 r-0.7 3.7 r0.9 r-2.6 r5.2 0.3 

 IV r0.9 r0.1 -0.7 r3.7 -1.3 r2.8 r0.6 r1.9 

 ANNUAL 1.9 2.3 0.4 5.0 r2.1 3.1 r0.8 2.2 

2008 I 1.9 0.2 -1.6 4.2 -0.1 2.2 1.7 2.0 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 

2006 I 1.5 3.8 2.3 4.2 0.5 2.7 3.8 3.1 

 II 1.8 3.6 1.8 4.0 0.0 r2.1 r5.2 3.3 

 III 0.2 2.4 2.2 2.8 r-0.5 2.6 3.5 3.0 

 IV r0.7 2.8 r2.1 4.9 2.9 4.1 r-0.7 2.2 

 ANNUAL 1.0 3.1 2.1 4.0 0.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 

2007 I r0.4 1.5 1.1 r4.7 r2.2 4.3 -0.1 2.6 

 II 1.0 1.9 0.9 5.4 r2.7 4.3 r-0.8 2.3 

 III 3.1 3.2 0.1 6.0 r3.5 2.8 r0.3 1.8 

 IV 3.0 2.6 -0.4 4.0 r0.0 r0.9 r4.0 r2.1 

 ANNUAL 1.9 2.3 0.4 5.0 r2.1 3.1 r0.8 2.2 

2008 I 3.2 2.6 -0.6 3.5 -0.7 0.2 3.9 1.6 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2008 

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 
11 

Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, 

and prices, seasonally adjusted 

 Real 

 Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit Unit non- Implicit 

 and hour of of all tion per tion per labor labor pay- price 

 quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs ments (3) deflator (4) 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Indexes 1992=100 

2006 I r135.2 163.4 r120.8 r167.0 r119.9 r123.5 r134.9 127.7 

 II r135.7 164.4 r121.2 r167.0 r118.8 r123.1 r138.8 128.9 

 III r135.1 164.7 r121.9 r167.6 r118.1 r124.0 r138.6 129.4 

 IV r135.6 165.7 r122.2 r172.5 r122.0 r127.2 r133.4 129.5 

 ANNUAL r135.4 164.5 r121.5 r168.5 r119.7 r124.5 r136.4 128.9 

2007 I r136.1 165.9 r121.9 r175.2 r122.8 r128.8 r133.8 130.6 

 II r137.0 167.6 r122.4 r175.8 r121.9 r128.4 r136.4 131.3 

 III r139.0 169.9 r122.3 r177.2 r122.0 r127.5 r137.9 131.3 

 IV r139.6 r170.0 r121.8 179.2 r121.9 r128.4 r137.8 r131.9 

 ANNUAL r137.9 r168.4 r122.1 r176.9 r122.2 r128.3 r136.5 r131.3 

2008 I 140.4 170.2 121.2 181.2 121.9 129.1 138.5 132.6 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 

2006 I r2.2 5.7 r3.4 6.9 r4.9 r4.5 r0.6 3.0 

 II 1.3 2.4 1.1 0.0 r-3.5 -1.3 12.1 3.7 

 III r-1.6 0.8 r2.4 1.5 r-2.5 r3.1 r-0.5 1.6 

 IV r1.4 2.6 r1.1 12.3 r14.0 r10.7 r-14.2 0.3 

 ANNUAL 1.0 3.2 2.2 3.9 0.6 2.9 3.1 3.0 

2007 I r1.3 0.3 r-0.9 6.4 r2.7 r5.0 r1.3 3.6 

 II r2.7 4.2 r1.5 1.3 r-3.2 -1.3 r7.9 2.1 

 III r6.0 5.6 r-0.4 r3.3 0.6 r-2.5 r4.5 0.1 

 IV r1.8 r0.2 -1.6 4.6 r-0.4 r2.8 r-0.3 r1.6 

 ANNUAL 1.8 2.3 0.5 4.9 r2.1 3.1 r0.0 1.9 

2008 I 2.2 0.4 -1.8 4.4 0.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 

2006 I 1.4 3.8 2.4 4.2 r0.4 2.8 4.1 3.3 

 II 1.6 3.6 2.0 3.8 r-0.1 2.2 5.7 3.5 

 III 0.1 2.4 2.3 2.7 -0.6 2.6 3.6 3.0 

 IV r0.8 2.8 r2.0 5.0 3.0 r4.2 r-1.0 2.2 

 ANNUAL 1.0 3.2 2.2 3.9 0.6 2.9 3.1 3.0 

2007 I 0.6 1.5 0.9 4.9 r2.4 4.3 -0.8 2.3 

 II r1.0 2.0 1.0 5.3 r2.5 4.3 r-1.7 1.9 

 III r2.8 3.2 0.3 5.8 r3.3 2.8 -0.5 1.5 

 IV 2.9 2.6 r-0.4 3.9 r-0.1 0.9 r3.3 r1.8 

 ANNUAL 1.8 2.3 0.5 4.9 r2.1 3.1 r0.0 1.9 

2008 I 3.2 2.6 -0.6 3.4 -0.7 0.2 3.5 1.5 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

See footnotes following Table 6. May 7 2008 

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 
12 

Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, 

seasonally adjusted 

 Real 

 Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit 

 and hour of of all tion per tion per labor 

 quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Indexes 1992=100 

2006 I r172.6 r147.2 r85.3 r172.4 r123.8 r99.9 

 II r172.7 r147.4 r85.4 r170.5 r121.3 r98.7 

 III r174.5 r148.0 r84.8 r171.6 r120.9 r98.4 

 IV r175.4 r147.4 r84.0 r177.4 r125.5 r101.1 

 ANNUAL r173.8 r147.5 r84.9 r173.0 r122.8 r99.5 

2007 I r177.0 r147.8 r83.5 r181.7 r127.4 r102.7 

 II r178.7 r149.6 r83.7 r181.6 r125.9 r101.6 

 III r180.6 r151.2 r83.7 r181.9 r125.2 r100.7 

 IV r182.5 r151.0 r82.8 r183.8 r125.0 r100.7 

 ANNUAL r179.7 r149.9 r83.4 r182.3 r125.9 r101.4 

2008 I 184.3 150.9 81.9 186.8 125.7 101.4 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 

2006 I r-0.6 r1.8 r2.4 9.1 r7.1 r9.7 

 II r0.2 r0.6 r0.4 -4.4 r-7.7 r-4.6 

 III r4.3 r1.6 r-2.5 2.7 r-1.3 r-1.5 

 IV r2.2 r-1.7 r-3.8 14.1 r15.8 r11.6 

 ANNUAL r1.1 r1.8 r0.8 2.8 -0.5 r1.7 

2007 I r3.6 r1.2 r-2.3 10.3 r6.4 r6.4 

 II r3.8 r4.9 1.0 -0.4 r-4.8 r-4.1 

 III r4.5 r4.3 -0.2 0.7 -2.0 r-3.6 

 IV r4.2 r-0.4 r-4.4 r4.3 -0.6 r0.2 

 ANNUAL r3.4 r1.6 -1.7 5.4 r2.5 r1.9 

2008 I 4.1 -0.3 -4.2 6.7 2.3 2.5 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 

2006 I r1.5 r2.4 r0.9 3.8 0.0 r2.2 

 II r0.4 r2.1 r1.7 1.5 -2.4 r1.1 

 III r0.9 r2.3 r1.4 0.7 -2.6 r-0.2 

 IV r1.5 r0.6 r-0.9 5.1 3.1 r3.6 

 ANNUAL r1.1 r1.8 r0.8 2.8 -0.5 r1.7 

2007 I r2.6 r0.4 -2.1 5.4 r2.9 r2.8 

 II r3.5 r1.5 -1.9 6.5 r3.7 r2.9 

 III r3.5 r2.1 -1.3 6.0 r3.6 r2.4 

 IV r4.0 r2.5 r-1.5 3.7 r-0.3 r-0.4 

 ANNUAL r3.4 r1.6 -1.7 5.4 r2.5 r1.9 

2008 I 4.1 2.1 -2.0 2.8 -1.3 -1.3 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2008 

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 
13 

Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, 

seasonally adjusted 

 Real 

 Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit 

 and hour of of all tion per tion per labor 

 quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Indexes 1992=100 

2006 I r198.8 r179.6 r90.3 r168.1 r120.7 r84.6 

 II r198.9 r180.5 r90.7 r166.1 r118.2 r83.5 

 III r201.7 r181.1 r89.8 r167.3 r117.9 r82.9 

 IV r202.4 r180.1 r89.0 r173.6 r122.8 r85.8 

 ANNUAL r200.4 r180.3 r90.0 r168.7 r119.8 r84.2 

2007 I r204.4 r180.3 r88.2 r177.6 r124.5 r86.9 

 II r207.9 r183.9 r88.4 r177.5 r123.0 r85.4 

 III r210.9 r186.9 r88.6 r177.5 r122.2 r84.2 

 IV r214.3 r187.0 r87.3 r179.8 r122.3 r83.9 

 ANNUAL r209.4 r184.5 r88.1 r178.1 r123.0 r85.1 

2008 I 215.6 186.8 86.7 182.7 123.0 84.8 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 

2006 I r-1.8 r0.4 r2.3 11.6 r9.6 r13.7 

 II r0.3 r2.1 r1.8 -4.7 r-8.0 r-5.0 

 III r5.7 r1.2 r-4.3 2.9 r-1.1 r-2.7 

 IV r1.4 r-2.1 r-3.4 r16.0 r17.8 r14.5 

 ANNUAL r2.2 r3.3 r1.1 3.4 0.1 r1.2 

2007 I r3.9 r0.4 r-3.4 9.6 r5.7 r5.4 

 II r7.1 r8.2 1.0 r-0.3 -4.7 r-6.9 

 III r6.0 r6.8 0.8 0.1 -2.6 r-5.6 

 IV r6.6 r0.3 r-6.0 r5.4 r0.4 r-1.2 

 ANNUAL r4.5 r2.3 r-2.0 r5.6 r2.7 r1.1 

2008 I 2.3 -0.5 -2.8 6.6 2.2 4.1 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 

2006 I r3.2 r4.8 r1.6 4.2 r0.4 r1.0 

 II r2.0 r4.6 2.5 2.1 -1.8 r0.1 

 III r2.2 r3.6 r1.4 1.1 r-2.2 r-1.1 

 IV r1.4 r0.4 r-1.0 6.2 4.1 r4.7 

 ANNUAL r2.2 r3.3 r1.1 3.4 0.1 r1.2 

2007 I r2.8 r0.4 r-2.4 5.7 r3.2 r2.8 

 II r4.5 r1.8 r-2.5 6.9 r4.1 r2.3 

 III r4.6 r3.2 r-1.3 6.1 r3.7 r1.5 

 IV r5.9 r3.9 r-1.9 r3.6 -0.4 r-2.2 

 ANNUAL r4.5 r2.3 r-2.0 r5.6 r2.7 r1.1 

2008 I 5.5 3.6 -1.8 2.9 -1.2 -2.5 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2008 

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 
14 

Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, 

seasonally adjusted 

 Real 

 Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit 

 and hour of of all tion per tion per labor 

 quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Indexes 1992=100 

2006 I r148.0 r115.0 r77.7 178.3 r128.0 r120.4 

 II r148.4 r114.8 r77.3 r176.4 r125.6 r118.8 

 III r149.0 r115.4 r77.4 r177.6 r125.1 r119.2 

 IV r150.3 r115.1 r76.6 r181.9 r128.7 r121.1 

 ANNUAL r148.9 r115.1 r77.2 r178.6 r126.8 r119.9 

2007 I r151.2 r115.6 r76.5 r187.1 r131.2 r123.7 

 II r151.4 r116.0 r76.6 r186.9 r129.6 r123.5 

 III r152.7 r116.4 r76.3 r187.8 r129.3 r123.0 

 IV r152.9 r116.1 r75.9 r189.0 r128.5 r123.6 

 ANNUAL r152.0 r116.0 r76.3 r187.7 r129.7 r123.5 

2008 I 155.4 116.1 74.7 192.0 129.2 123.5 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 

2006 I r1.0 r3.6 2.6 4.4 r2.5 r3.4 

 II r1.1 r-0.9 -1.9 -4.2 r-7.5 r-5.2 

 III r1.5 r2.2 r0.6 2.7 r-1.3 r1.1 

 IV r3.5 r-1.1 r-4.4 10.2 r11.9 r6.5 

 ANNUAL r0.2 r0.3 0.1 1.5 -1.7 r1.3 

2007 I r2.5 r2.0 -0.5 11.9 r8.0 r9.2 

 II r0.4 r1.3 r0.9 -0.4 -4.8 r-0.8 

 III r3.5 r1.6 -1.9 1.7 -1.0 r-1.7 

 IV r0.5 r-1.2 r-1.7 r2.6 r-2.2 r2.2 

 ANNUAL r2.1 0.9 -1.2 5.1 r2.2 r3.0 

2008 I 7.0 -0.1 -6.6 6.5 2.1 -0.4 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 

2006 I r0.2 r-0.1 r-0.3 2.8 -0.9 r2.7 

 II r-0.7 r-0.6 0.1 0.1 -3.7 r0.8 

 III r-0.4 r1.0 r1.4 0.0 r-3.2 r0.4 

 IV r1.8 r0.9 r-0.8 3.1 1.1 r1.4 

 ANNUAL r0.2 r0.3 0.1 1.5 -1.7 r1.3 

2007 I r2.1 r0.5 -1.6 r4.9 r2.5 r2.7 

 II r2.0 r1.1 -0.9 6.0 r3.2 r3.9 

 III r2.5 r0.9 r-1.5 5.7 r3.3 r3.2 

 IV r1.7 r0.9 r-0.8 r3.9 r-0.1 r2.1 

 ANNUAL r2.1 0.9 -1.2 5.1 r2.2 r3.0 

2008 I 2.8 0.4 -2.3 2.6 -1.5 -0.2 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2008 

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 
15 

Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits, 

and prices, seasonally adjusted 

 Output Hourly Real Unit Total Unit Implicit 

 Year per all- compen- hourly Unit non- unit pro- price 

 and employee Employee sation compen- labor labor costs fits deflator 

 quarter hour Output hours (1) sation(2) costs costs(6) (7) (8) (4) 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Indexes 1992=100 

2005 I r141.0 r165.4 r117.3 r158.0 r117.7 r112.1 r111.0 r111.8 r151.2 r115.3 

 II r141.9 r167.7 r118.2 r158.5 r117.2 r111.7 r111.0 r111.5 r160.8 r115.9 

 III r141.3 r167.9 r118.8 r160.8 r117.1 r113.8 r114.4 r113.9 r146.6 r116.9 

 IV r142.1 r170.0 r119.7 r161.8 r116.7 r113.9 r112.3 r113.5 r158.8 r117.5 

 ANNUAL r141.6 r167.7 r118.5 r159.8 r117.2 r112.9 r112.2 r112.7 r154.4 r116.4 

2006 I r142.8 r171.9 120.4 163.8 r117.6 r114.8 r112.3 r114.1 r164.0 r118.5 

 II r141.9 r171.5 r120.9 r163.9 r116.7 r115.5 r114.2 r115.2 r164.8 r119.6 

 III r142.7 r173.4 r121.5 r164.6 r116.0 r115.3 r114.0 r114.9 r172.8 r120.1 

 IV r143.0 r174.2 r121.8 r169.3 r119.8 r118.4 r114.7 r117.4 r150.4 r120.3 

 ANNUAL r142.6 r172.8 r121.1 r165.4 r117.5 r116.0 r113.8 r115.4 r162.9 r119.7 

2007 I r143.5 r174.6 r121.7 r171.4 r120.2 r119.5 r114.9 r118.2 r154.7 r121.5 

 II r144.2 r175.9 r121.9 r172.4 r119.5 r119.5 r115.0 r118.3 r158.5 r121.9 

 III r145.3 r177.5 r122.2 r173.6 r119.5 r119.5 r114.7 r118.2 r154.3 r121.4 

 IV 145.6 177.8 122.2 175.1 119.1 120.3 115.5 119.0 147.3 121.5 

 ANNUAL 144.6 176.4 122.0 173.1 119.6 119.7 115.0 118.4 153.7 121.6 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 

2005 I r0.4 r0.6 0.2 2.6 r0.8 r2.1 r6.5 r3.3 r9.5 r4.0 

 II r2.8 r5.9 3.0 r1.3 r-1.6 r-1.5 r0.0 r-1.1 r27.8 r2.0 

 III -1.6 0.4 2.1 r6.1 r-0.2 7.8 r12.6 9.1 -30.8 3.4 

 IV r2.1 r5.1 3.0 r2.5 r-1.4 r0.5 r-7.2 r-1.7 r37.5 r2.3 

 ANNUAL r1.4 r3.1 1.7 3.8 0.4 r2.4 r2.7 r2.4 r6.6 r2.9 

2006 I r2.0 r4.5 r2.4 r5.1 r3.2 r3.0 r-0.1 r2.2 r13.7 r3.5 

 II r-2.5 r-0.8 1.7 0.2 r-3.3 r2.8 r7.2 r3.9 r1.9 r3.7 

 III r2.4 r4.4 1.9 1.6 r-2.4 r-0.8 r-0.9 r-0.9 r20.9 r1.7 

 IV r0.9 r1.9 r1.1 r12.0 r13.8 r11.1 r2.7 r8.8 r-42.6 r0.8 

 ANNUAL r0.7 r3.0 2.2 3.5 0.2 r2.8 r1.4 r2.4 r5.5 r2.8 

2007 I 1.2 0.9 -0.3 5.1 r1.4 3.8 0.5 2.9 11.8 3.9 

 II 2.1 2.9 0.8 2.3 r-2.3 0.2 0.5 0.3 10.4 1.4 

 III 2.9 3.7 0.7 2.8 0.1 -0.1 -1.2 -0.4 -10.2 -1.6 

 IV 0.9 0.9 0.0 3.5 -1.4 2.6 2.9 2.7 -16.9 0.3 

 ANNUAL 1.4 2.1 0.7 4.7 1.8 3.2 1.1 2.6 -5.7 1.6 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 

2005 I r2.5 r3.7 1.1 4.7 1.7 r2.1 r1.4 r1.9 r11.9 r3.0 

 II r2.1 r3.8 1.7 3.7 r0.8 r1.6 r1.6 r1.6 r10.4 r2.6 

 III r0.2 r1.9 1.7 3.8 0.0 r3.6 r5.0 r4.0 r-2.4 r3.2 

 IV r0.9 r3.0 2.1 3.1 -0.6 r2.2 r2.7 r2.3 r7.4 r2.9 

 ANNUAL r1.4 r3.1 1.7 3.8 0.4 r2.4 r2.7 r2.4 r6.6 r2.9 

2006 I r1.3 r4.0 2.6 3.7 0.0 r2.4 r1.1 r2.0 r8.4 r2.8 

 II r0.0 r2.3 2.3 3.4 -0.5 r3.5 r2.9 r3.3 r2.5 r3.2 

 III r1.0 r3.3 2.3 2.3 -1.0 r1.3 r-0.4 r0.9 r17.8 r2.8 

 IV r0.7 r2.5 1.8 4.6 2.6 r3.9 r2.2 r3.4 r-5.3 r2.4 

 ANNUAL r0.7 r3.0 2.2 3.5 0.2 r2.8 r1.4 r2.4 r5.5 r2.8 

2007 I r0.5 r1.6 1.1 4.6 r2.2 r4.1 r2.3 r3.6 r-5.7 r2.5 

 II r1.6 r2.5 0.9 5.2 r2.4 r3.5 r0.7 r2.7 r-3.8 r1.9 

 III r1.8 r2.3 0.6 5.5 r3.1 r3.7 r0.6 r2.8 r-10.7 r1.1 

 IV 1.8 2.1 0.3 3.4 -0.6 1.6 0.7 1.4 -2.1 1.0 

 ANNUAL 1.4 2.1 0.7 4.7 1.8 3.2 1.1 2.6 -5.7 1.6 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2008 

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 
16 

SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S. 

Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve 

Board. Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Economic 

Analysis. 

RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more complete information becomes 

available. The measures are first published within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions appear 30 

days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the business sector, the third publication (second 

revision) of a quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the initial value by between –1.5 

and +1.4 index points approximately 95 percent of the time. This interval is based on the performance of this 

measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the first quarter of 2008. 

Footnotes, Tables 1-6

(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private benefit plans. 

Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an estimate of 

wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed. 

(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The 

trend from 1978-2007 is based on the Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS). 

(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less 

subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental income of 

persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises. 

(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index. 

(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers to three 

decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for convenience. 

Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual average indexes to three decimal places. 

(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net 

interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments. 

(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs 

8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments. 
17 

 Appendix table 1. Manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, 

seasonally adjusted 

 Real 

 Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit 

 and hour of of all tion per tion per labor 

 quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs 

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Indexes 1992=100 

 2003 I r157.4 r137.3 r87.2 r154.5 r120.7 r98.2 

 II r159.3 r136.6 r85.7 r157.2 r123.0 r98.7 

 III r162.7 r137.3 r84.4 r159.5 r123.8 r98.0 

 IV r162.1 r138.2 r85.3 r161.7 r125.1 r99.8 

 ANNUAL r160.4 r137.3 r85.6 r158.2 r123.2 r98.7 

 2004 I r161.6 r138.3 r85.6 r156.8 r120.3 r97.0 

 II r162.9 r138.9 r85.3 r159.8 r121.6 r98.1 

 III r164.2 r139.9 r85.2 r163.6 r123.7 r99.7 

 IV r167.1 r141.8 r84.8 r165.7 r124.0 r99.2 

 ANNUAL r163.9 r139.7 r85.2 r161.5 r122.4 r98.5 

 2005 I r170.0 r143.7 r84.5 r166.2 r123.8 r97.7 

 II r172.0 r144.5 r84.0 r168.0 r124.3 r97.7 

 III r172.9 r144.7 r83.7 r170.4 r124.1 r98.6 

 IV r172.8 r146.5 r84.8 r168.7 r121.7 r97.6 

 ANNUAL r171.9 r144.8 r84.3 r168.3 r123.5 r97.9 

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 

 2003 I 8.8 2.1 -6.2 12.4 r8.0 3.3 

 II r4.9 r-2.1 r-6.7 7.2 r7.9 r2.2 

 III r8.9 r2.1 -6.3 5.8 r2.6 r-2.9 

 IV r-1.5 r2.9 r4.5 5.7 r4.2 r7.4 

 ANNUAL 6.2 1.0 -4.9 7.0 4.7 0.8 

 2004 I r-1.3 r0.3 r1.6 -11.6 -14.6 r-10.5 

 II r3.3 r1.7 -1.5 7.9 r4.6 r4.4 

 III r3.2 r2.9 r-0.2 9.9 r6.8 r6.5 

 IV r7.4 r5.3 r-1.9 5.3 r1.0 r-1.9 

 ANNUAL r2.2 r1.7 -0.5 r2.1 -0.6 -0.2 

 2005 I r7.1 r5.7 r-1.4 1.1 r-0.7 r-5.7 

 II r4.7 r2.0 r-2.5 4.5 r1.6 r-0.2 

 III r2.2 r0.6 -1.5 5.8 r-0.4 r3.6 

 IV r-0.2 r5.3 5.5 -3.9 r-7.6 r-3.8 

 ANNUAL r4.9 r3.7 r-1.2 4.2 0.9 r-0.6 

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 

 2003 I r7.0 r2.3 -4.4 7.0 r3.9 r0.0 

 II 6.1 r0.3 -5.4 6.5 r4.4 0.4 

 III r6.5 0.2 -6.0 r6.9 4.5 0.3 

 IV r5.2 r1.2 r-3.8 7.7 r5.6 r2.4 

 ANNUAL 6.2 1.0 -4.9 7.0 4.7 0.8 

 2004 I r2.6 r0.7 -1.8 1.5 -0.4 -1.2 

 II r2.3 r1.7 -0.5 1.6 -1.1 r-0.6 

 III r0.9 r1.9 1.0 2.6 -0.1 r1.7 

 IV r3.1 r2.5 r-0.5 2.5 -0.9 r-0.6 

 ANNUAL r2.2 r1.7 -0.5 r2.1 -0.6 -0.2 

 2005 I r5.2 r3.9 r-1.3 6.0 2.9 r0.7 

 II r5.6 r4.0 -1.5 5.1 2.2 r-0.4 

 III r5.3 r3.4 -1.8 4.2 0.4 r-1.1 

 IV r3.4 r3.4 0.0 1.8 -1.8 r-1.6 

 ANNUAL r4.9 r3.7 r-1.2 4.2 0.9 r-0.6 

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2008 

 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 
18 

Appendix table 2. Durable manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs 

 seasonally adjusted 

 Real 

 Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit 

 and hour of of all tion per tion per labor 

 quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs 

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Indexes 1992=100 

 2003 I r179.2 r161.6 r90.2 r153.1 r119.6 r85.4 

 II r181.3 r160.6 r88.6 r155.7 r121.8 r85.9 

 III r186.5 r162.3 r87.0 r158.2 r122.8 r84.8 

 IV r185.7 r164.1 r88.4 160.3 r124.0 r86.4 

 ANNUAL r183.2 r162.2 r88.5 r156.8 r122.1 r85.6 

 2004 I r184.5 r164.6 r89.2 r152.3 r116.9 r82.6 

 II r185.0 r164.6 r89.0 r155.6 r118.5 r84.1 

 III r185.9 r166.1 r89.3 r159.7 r120.7 r85.9 

 IV r189.4 r168.5 r89.0 r161.2 r120.6 r85.1 

 ANNUAL r186.2 r165.9 r89.1 r157.2 r119.2 r84.4 

 2005 I r192.6 r171.4 r88.9 r161.3 r120.2 r83.7 

 II r195.0 r172.6 r88.5 162.7 r120.3 r83.4 

 III r197.3 r174.7 r88.5 r165.5 r120.6 r83.9 

 IV r199.7 r179.4 r89.8 r163.5 r118.0 r81.9 

 ANNUAL r196.2 r174.5 r89.0 r163.2 r119.7 r83.2 

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 

 2003 I r7.8 r1.1 -6.1 17.0 r12.4 r8.6 

 II r4.7 r-2.6 r-7.0 r7.0 r7.7 r2.3 

 III r12.1 r4.4 -6.9 6.4 r3.2 r-5.1 

 IV r-1.9 r4.4 r6.4 5.6 r4.1 r7.6 

 ANNUAL 7.1 1.4 -5.3 8.1 r5.8 0.9 

 2004 I r-2.4 r1.3 r3.8 -18.5 r-21.2 r-16.5 

 II r1.0 r0.0 -1.0 r8.9 r5.6 r7.8 

 III r2.0 r3.6 1.5 10.9 r7.8 r8.7 

 IV r7.6 r5.9 r-1.7 3.8 r-0.4 r-3.6 

 ANNUAL 1.7 2.3 r0.7 0.2 -2.4 -1.4 

 2005 I r7.1 r7.1 r-0.1 0.3 r-1.4 r-6.3 

 II r5.1 r3.0 r-2.0 3.4 r0.5 r-1.6 

 III r4.8 r4.9 0.1 r7.1 r0.8 r2.3 

 IV r4.9 r11.2 r6.0 -4.7 r-8.4 r-9.1 

 ANNUAL r5.4 r5.2 r-0.2 3.8 0.5 r-1.4 

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 

 2003 I r8.4 r3.1 -4.9 8.0 r4.9 r-0.4 

 II r6.9 r0.4 -6.1 7.4 r5.3 r0.5 

 III r7.7 r0.4 -6.7 8.2 5.8 0.4 

 IV r5.5 r1.8 -3.5 8.9 r6.8 r3.2 

 ANNUAL 7.1 1.4 -5.3 8.1 r5.8 0.9 

 2004 I r2.9 r1.8 -1.1 -0.5 -2.3 -3.4 

 II r2.0 r2.5 0.5 -0.1 -2.8 r-2.1 

 III r-0.3 r2.3 2.7 1.0 -1.7 r1.3 

 IV r2.0 r2.7 r0.7 0.5 -2.8 r-1.4 

 ANNUAL 1.7 2.3 r0.7 0.2 -2.4 -1.4 

 2005 I r4.4 r4.1 r-0.3 5.9 2.8 r1.4 

 II r5.4 r4.9 r-0.6 4.5 1.6 r-0.9 

 III r6.1 r5.2 -0.9 3.6 -0.1 r-2.4 

 IV r5.5 r6.5 1.0 1.5 -2.2 r-3.8 

 ANNUAL r5.4 r5.2 r-0.2 3.8 0.5 r-1.4 

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2008 

 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 
19 

Appendix table 3. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs 

 seasonally adjusted 

 Real 

 Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit 

 and hour of of all tion per tion per labor 

 quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs 

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Indexes 1992=100 

 2003 I r134.8 r111.5 r82.8 r155.8 r121.7 r115.6 

 II r136.4 r111.0 r81.4 r158.6 r124.1 r116.3 

 III r138.0 r110.9 r80.3 r160.5 r124.6 r116.3 

 IV r137.9 r111.2 r80.6 r162.7 r125.8 r117.9 

 ANNUAL r136.7 r111.1 r81.3 r159.4 r124.1 r116.5 

 2004 I r138.4 r111.0 r80.2 r163.7 r125.5 r118.3 

 II r140.7 r112.1 r79.7 r166.1 r126.4 r118.1 

 III r142.6 r112.7 r79.1 r169.1 r127.8 r118.6 

 IV r145.1 r114.0 r78.6 172.5 r129.0 r118.9 

 ANNUAL r141.7 r112.4 r79.4 r167.8 r127.2 r118.5 

 2005 I r147.8 r115.1 r77.9 r173.4 r129.2 r117.3 

 II r149.5 r115.4 r77.2 r176.2 r130.3 r117.9 

 III r149.6 r114.3 r76.4 r177.6 r129.3 r118.6 

 IV r147.7 r114.0 r77.2 r176.4 r127.2 r119.4 

 ANNUAL r148.7 r114.7 r77.2 175.9 129.0 r118.3 

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 

 2003 I r9.7 r3.0 -6.2 r4.1 r0.1 r-5.1 

 II r4.9 r-1.7 -6.2 7.5 r8.2 r2.5 

 III r4.8 r-0.7 -5.2 4.8 r1.6 r0.0 

 IV -0.2 1.2 r1.4 5.5 r4.0 r5.7 

 ANNUAL 4.8 0.4 -4.2 5.1 2.8 0.3 

 2004 I 1.4 r-0.8 r-2.1 2.5 r-0.9 r1.1 

 II r6.7 r4.1 -2.4 6.0 r2.8 r-0.6 

 III r5.6 r2.3 r-3.1 r7.6 r4.6 r1.9 

 IV r7.2 r4.7 r-2.3 r8.2 r3.8 r0.9 

 ANNUAL 3.6 1.2 r-2.3 5.3 r2.5 r1.7 

 2005 I r7.8 r4.0 r-3.6 2.2 r0.4 r-5.2 

 II r4.6 r0.9 -3.5 6.6 r3.6 r1.9 

 III r0.4 r-3.9 -4.3 3.1 r-3.0 r2.6 

 IV r-5.1 r-0.8 4.5 -2.5 r-6.3 r2.7 

 ANNUAL r4.9 r2.0 -2.8 4.8 1.4 r-0.1 

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 

 2003 I 5.0 1.3 -3.6 5.2 r2.2 0.2 

 II 4.6 0.1 r-4.3 5.2 r3.1 0.5 

 III 4.6 -0.3 -4.7 4.6 2.3 0.0 

 IV 4.8 r0.4 -4.1 5.5 r3.4 r0.7 

 ANNUAL 4.8 0.4 -4.2 5.1 2.8 0.3 

 2004 I 2.7 r-0.5 -3.1 5.1 3.2 2.3 

 II r3.1 r0.9 -2.1 4.7 r1.9 r1.5 

 III r3.3 r1.7 -1.6 5.4 2.6 r2.0 

 IV r5.2 r2.6 r-2.5 6.1 2.6 r0.8 

 ANNUAL 3.6 1.2 r-2.3 5.3 r2.5 r1.7 

 2005 I r6.8 r3.8 -2.9 6.0 2.9 r-0.8 

 II r6.3 r3.0 r-3.1 6.1 3.1 r-0.2 

 III r5.0 r1.4 -3.4 5.0 1.2 r0.0 

 IV r1.8 r0.0 r-1.8 2.3 -1.4 r0.4 

 ANNUAL r4.9 r2.0 -2.8 4.8 1.4 r-0.1 

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2008 

 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
20 

Appendix table 4. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs 

 Indexes 1992=100 

 Real 

 Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit 

 hour of of all tion per tion per labor 

 Year all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs 

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 1987 r89.1 r92.4 r103.8 81.3 r98.0 r91.3 

 1988 r90.9 r97.2 r106.9 84.1 97.8 r92.5 

 1989 r91.9 r98.8 r107.6 86.6 96.6 r94.3 

 1990 r93.9 r98.5 r104.9 r90.5 r96.1 r96.4 

 1991 r96.3 r96.8 r100.5 95.6 98.0 r99.2 

 1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

 1993 r102.6 r103.9 r101.3 r102.0 r99.6 r99.5 

 1994 r106.2 r110.1 r103.7 r105.3 r100.6 r99.2 

 1995 r111.0 r115.9 r104.4 107.3 100.1 r96.7 

 1996 r115.0 r119.8 r104.2 109.3 99.4 r95.1 

 1997 r121.3 r128.7 r106.0 r112.2 r99.8 r92.5 

 1998 r127.9 r135.3 105.8 r118.7 r104.2 r92.8 

 1999 r133.7 r140.4 r105.1 r123.5 r106.1 r92.4 

 2000 r139.1 r144.2 r103.7 r134.7 r112.0 r96.9 

 2001 r141.2 r136.9 r96.9 r137.8 r111.5 r97.6 

 2002 r151.0 r136.0 r90.1 r147.8 r117.7 r97.9 

 2003 r160.4 r137.3 r85.6 r158.2 r123.2 r98.7 

 2004 r163.9 r139.7 r85.2 r161.5 r122.4 r98.5 

 2005 r171.9 r144.8 r84.3 r168.3 r123.5 r97.9 

 2006 r173.8 r147.5 r84.9 r173.0 r122.8 r99.5 

 2007 r179.7 r149.9 r83.4 r182.3 r125.9 r101.4 

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2008 

 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 
21 

Appendix table 5. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs 

 Indexes 1992=100 

 Real 

 Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit 

 hour of of all tion per tion per labor 

 Year all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs 

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 1987 r88.5 r94.2 r106.5 r81.3 r98.0 r91.8 

 1988 r90.4 r100.0 r110.6 83.6 97.3 r92.5 

 1989 r91.1 r101.1 r110.9 r85.9 r95.8 r94.3 

 1990 r92.9 r99.8 r107.4 r89.5 r95.0 r96.3 

 1991 r94.6 r96.0 r101.4 r94.9 r97.3 r100.3 

 1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

 1993 r103.9 r105.4 r101.4 r101.9 r99.4 r98.0 

 1994 r109.1 r114.2 r104.7 r105.5 r100.8 r96.7 

 1995 r115.9 r123.3 r106.3 r106.7 r99.6 r92.0 

 1996 r122.1 r131.0 r107.3 r108.1 r98.2 r88.5 

 1997 r130.5 r144.1 r110.4 r110.6 r98.4 r84.7 

 1998 r140.6 r156.1 r111.0 r117.1 r102.7 r83.3 

 1999 r150.7 r166.5 r110.5 r122.5 r105.2 r81.3 

 2000 r158.1 r173.6 r109.8 r134.3 r111.6 r84.9 

 2001 r159.0 r162.1 r101.9 r136.4 r110.3 r85.8 

 2002 r171.0 r159.9 r93.5 r145.0 r115.4 r84.8 

 2003 r183.2 r162.2 r88.5 r156.8 r122.1 r85.6 

 2004 r186.2 r165.9 r89.1 r157.2 r119.2 r84.4 

 2005 r196.2 r174.5 r89.0 r163.2 r119.7 r83.2 

 2006 r200.4 r180.3 r90.0 r168.7 r119.8 r84.2 

 2007 r209.4 r184.5 r88.1 r178.1 r123.0 r85.1 

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2008 

 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 
22 

Appendix table 6. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs 

 Indexes 1992=100 

 Real 

 Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit 

 hour of of all tion per tion per labor 

 Year all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs 

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 1987 r91.4 91.1 r99.7 r80.8 r97.4 r88.4 

 1988 r93.2 94.5 r101.4 r84.2 r98.0 r90.3 

 1989 r94.0 96.4 r102.5 r87.1 r97.2 r92.7 

 1990 r96.0 97.1 r101.1 91.7 97.4 r95.6 

 1991 r98.3 r97.4 r99.1 r96.5 r99.0 r98.2 

 1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

 1993 r101.2 r102.4 r101.2 r102.2 r99.8 r101.1 

 1994 r103.5 105.7 r102.1 r104.7 100.1 r101.2 

 1995 r106.2 r107.7 r101.5 r107.8 r100.6 r101.5 

 1996 r108.4 107.8 r99.4 r110.8 r100.7 r102.2 

 1997 r112.8 112.2 r99.5 r114.1 r101.5 r101.1 

 1998 r115.8 113.4 r97.9 r120.3 r105.6 r103.9 

 1999 r116.9 113.3 r96.9 r123.6 r106.2 r105.7 

 2000 r120.7 114.1 r94.5 r133.2 r110.8 r110.4 

 2001 r123.4 110.4 r89.4 r138.6 r112.1 r112.3 

 2002 r130.5 r110.7 r84.8 r151.6 r120.7 r116.1 

 2003 r136.7 r111.1 r81.3 r159.4 r124.1 r116.5 

 2004 r141.7 r112.4 r79.4 r167.8 r127.2 r118.5 

 2005 r148.7 r114.7 r77.2 175.9 129.0 r118.3 

 2006 r148.9 r115.1 r77.2 r178.6 r126.8 r119.9 

 2007 r152.0 r116.0 r76.3 r187.7 r129.7 r123.5 

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

 See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2008 

 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics