2

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378

http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Establishment data: 691-6555

http://www.bls.gov/ces/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 05-30

Transmission of material in this release

is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),

Friday, January 7, 2005.

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: DECEMBER 2004

Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 157,000 in December, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 5.4 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.

Job growth continued in several service-providing industries.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

Both the number of unemployed persons, 8.0 million, and the unemployment rate, 5.4 percent, were

unchanged in December. The jobless rate has been either 5.4 or 5.5 percent in each month since July,

slightly below the rates that prevailed in the first half of 2004.

In December, the unemployment rates for the major worker groups—adult men (4.9 percent), adult

women (4.7 percent), teenagers (17.6 percent), whites (4.6 percent), blacks (10.8 percent), and Hispanics

or Latinos (6.6 percent)—showed little or no change over the month. The unemployment rate for Asians

was 4.1 percent in December, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed—those unemployed 27 weeks and over—was about unchanged

over the month. This group accounted for 20.2 percent of the total unemployed.

Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal adjustment

factors that incorporate 2004 data. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 2000 were subject

to revision. The unemployment rates for January-December 2004, as originally published and as

revised, appear on page 5, along with additional information on the revisions.

Percent Millions

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

January 2002 – December 2004

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

January 2002 – December 2004

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

2002 2003 2004

124.0

126.0

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

136.0

2002 2003 2004
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Quarterly averages Monthly data Nov.-

Category Dec.

III IV Oct. Nov. Dec. change 

Labor force status

Civilian labor force.................................... 147,677 148,136 147,893 148,313 148,203 -110

Employment....................................... 139,608 140,092 139,827 140,293 140,156 -137 

Unemployment.................................... 8,069 8,044 8,066 8,020 8,047 27

Not in labor force.................................... 76,003 76,282 76,299 76,109 76,437 328

All workers........................................... 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 0.0

Adult men.......................................... 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 .0

Adult women....................................... 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 .0

Teenagers.......................................... 17.1 17.1 17.2 16.5 17.6 1.1

White .............................................. 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6 .0

Black or African American ..................... 10.6 10.8 10.7 10.8 10.8 .0

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity..................... 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 -.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 

Nonfarm employment................................. 131,515 p132,116 131,972 p132,109 p132,266 p157

Goods-producing 1................................. 21,934 p22,021 22,016 p22,017 p22,030 p13

Construction.................................... 6,937 p7,025 7,018 p7,025 p7,032 p7

Manufacturing................................. 14,406 p14,401 14,406 p14,397 p14,400 p3

Service-providing 1.............................. 109,580 p110,095 109,956 p110,092 p110,236 p144

Retail trade 2

.................................... 15,039 p15,055 15,056 p15,065 p15,045 p-20

Professional and business services......... 16,519 p16,671 16,643 p16,664 p16,705 p41

Education and health services............... 16,949 p17,089 17,049 p17,086 p17,133 p47

Leisure and hospitality........................ 12,346 p12,383 12,362 p12,387 p12,399 p12 

Government.................................... 21,618 p21,693 21,675 p21,687 p21,716 p29

Total private............................................. 33.8 p33.8 33.8 p33.7 p33.8 p0.1

Manufacturing..................................... 40.8 p40.5 40.6 p40.5 p40.5 p.0

Overtime....................................... 4.6 p4.5 4.5 p4.5 p4.5 p.0

 

Total private............................................. 100.6 p101.1 101.1 p100.9 p101.3 p0.4

Average hourly earnings, total private............ $15.75 p$15.84 $15.82 p$15.84 p$15.86 p$0.02 

Average weekly earnings, total private............ 531.82 p534.87 534.72 p533.81 p536.07 p2.26 

 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

 2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated based on unrounded data.

 3 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.

Unemployment rates 

 Employment

2004 2004

Earnings 3

Hours of work 3

HOUSEHOLD DATA

 p=preliminary.

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3

 NOTE: Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised. See note on page 5.
3

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

Total employment, at 140.2 million in December, was little changed over the month but was 1.7 million

higher than a year earlier. The proportion of the working-age population that was employed (the employment-population ratio) was 62.4 percent in December, about the same as a year earlier. Both the civilian

labor force, at 148.2 million in December, and the labor force participation rate, at 66.0 percent, were about

unchanged from the previous month. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons who work part time for economic reasons, at 4.5 million, was about unchanged

in December but was down by 308,000 over the year. This category includes persons who indicated that

they would like to work full time but were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.)

Over the year, the number of persons who held more than one job increased by 574,000 to 7.8 million, not seasonally adjusted. These multiple jobholders represented 5.6 percent of total employment in

December. (See table A-13.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

There were 1.5 million persons who were marginally attached to the labor force in December, essentially

the same as a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals wanted and were available

to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed,

however, because they did not actively search for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the

marginally attached, there were 442,000 discouraged workers in December, about the same as a year earlier.

Discouraged workers were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were

available for them. The other 1.0 million marginally attached had not searched for work for reasons such as

school or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.)

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 157,000 in December to 132.3 million, seasonally adjusted.

This increase followed a gain of 137,000 in November (as revised). Over the year, payroll employment

grew by 2.2 million. December’s increase included gains in health care and social assistance, professional

and business services, wholesale trade, and financial activities. (See table B-1.)

Health care and social assistance continued to add jobs over the month, with an increase of 36,000.

Over the year, employment in this industry rose by 342,000. In December, employment increased in ambulatory health care services (17,000), hospitals (5,000), and social assistance (13,000).

Professional and business services added 41,000 jobs over the month, bringing the over-the-year gain to

546,000. In December, employment rose in computer systems design and related services (10,000) and in

architectural and engineering services (7,000). Employment in the temporary help industry continued to trend

upward; job growth totaled 206,000 in 2004.

Employment in wholesale trade increased by 17,000 in December and by 97,000 over the year. About

10,000 of the over-the-month gain was in its durable goods component.

Employment in financial activities rose over the month (14,000) and increased by 140,000 in 2004.

Over the year, strength in the housing market continued to stimulate hiring in the industry. Credit intermediation added 9,000 jobs in December, bringing the total to 64,000 for all of 2004. Real estate employment was flat in December but was up by 42,000 over the year.
4

Retail trade employment edged down in December, after seasonal adjustment. Since reaching a low

point in December 2003, however, retailers have added 169,000 jobs. Building material and garden supply

stores and clothing and accessory stores contributed about 50,000 jobs each to the over-the-year gain.

In December, construction employment was little changed for the second month in a row. However, the

industry has added 371,000 jobs since its recent low point in March 2003.

Manufacturing employment was about unchanged in December. The industry added 76,000 jobs in

2004; nearly all of the gain occurred early in the year.

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased

by 0.1 hour in December to 33.8 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manufacturing workweek and factory

overtime were unchanged at 40.5 hours and 4.5 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm

payrolls rose by 0.4 percent in December to 101.3 (2002=100), following a decrease of 0.2 percent

in November. The manufacturing index was unchanged over the month at 94.3. (See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased

by 2 cents in December to $15.86, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings increased by 0.4 percent

over the month to $536.07. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 2.7 percent, and average

weekly earnings grew by 3.3 percent. (See table B-3.)

The Employment Situation for January 2005 is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 4,

at 8:30 A.M. (EST).

With the release of January data on February 4, BLS will introduce revisions to the nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark adjustments for March 2004

and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Unadjusted data since April 2003 and seasonally adjusted

data since January 2000 are subject to revision.

Also with the publication of January data, BLS will include separate employment series for motor

vehicle and parts manufacturing and health care in table B-1 of this release. In addition, within construction, four new series will be added: residential specialty trade contractors, nonresidential specialty

trade contractors, residential building contractors, and nonresidential building contractors. More information on the addition of these new series is available on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/ces/

cesnewseries.htm.

Effective with the release of data for January 2005, revisions will be introduced into the population controls for the household survey. These changes reflect the routine annual updating of intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data

Planned Changes in the Household Survey Data

______________________________
5

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor

force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey, to incorporate the

data for that year. This year, seasonally adjusted data for January 2000-December 2004 were subject to

revision. (Seasonally adjusted establishment data will be revised next month, concurrent with the introduction

of annual benchmark adjustments.)

Table B summarizes the effects of the revisions on the overall unemployment rate since January 2004.

The rate was revised in 2 months, in each case by +/-0.1 percentage point. Revised seasonally adjusted

data for major labor force series since December 2003 appear in table C.

Beginning with the release of December 2003 data in January 2004, BLS converted to the use of concurrent seasonal adjustment to produce seasonally adjusted labor force estimates from the CPS. Concurrent

seasonal adjustment uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the most current month, in developing seasonal factors. Due to this change in methodology, BLS no longer publishes seasonal factors for

the CPS estimates. Historical seasonally adjusted household survey data are revised only at the end of each

calendar year.

The January 2005 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article describing the current seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised data for the most recent months

or quarters for all regularly published tables containing seasonally adjusted household survey data. A copy

of the article is available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2005.pdf on the Internet. Historical data for the

household series contained in the “A” tables of this release also can be accessed at http://www.bls.gov/cps/

cpsatabs.htm on the BLS Internet site. Revised historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data

also are available on the Internet at ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/.

Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due to revision,

January-December 2004

Month and year As first

 published

As revised Change

 2004

January.................................... 5.6 5.7 0.1

February ................................. 5.6 5.6 .0

March ..................................... 5.7 5.7 .0

April........................................ 5.6 5.5 -.1

May ........................................ 5.6 5.6 .0

June ........................................ 5.6 5.6 .0

July ......................................... 5.5 5.5 .0

August..................................... 5.4 5.4 .0

September............................... 5.4 5.4 .0

October .................................. 5.5 5.5 .0

November ............................... 5.4 5.4 .0

December ............................... 5.4 (1) (1)

 1/ Because of the use of concurrent seasonal adjustment, there is no revised estimate for

December.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table C. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

2003 2004

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ..................... 222,509 222,161 222,357 222,550 222,757 222,967 223,196 223,422 223,677 223,941 224,192 224,422 224,640

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 146,808 146,785 146,529 146,737 146,788 147,018 147,386 147,823 147,676 147,531 147,893 148,313 148,203

 Participation rate ........................................... 66.0 66.1 65.9 65.9 65.9 65.9 66.0 66.2 66.0 65.9 66.0 66.1 66.0

 Employed .......................................................... 138,409 138,481 138,334 138,408 138,645 138,846 139,158 139,639 139,658 139,527 139,827 140,293 140,156

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 62.2 62.3 62.2 62.2 62.2 62.3 62.3 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.4 62.5 62.4

 Unemployed ..................................................... 8,399 8,303 8,195 8,330 8,143 8,172 8,228 8,184 8,018 8,005 8,066 8,020 8,047

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ..................... 98,927 98,866 98,966 99,065 99,170 99,279 99,396 99,512 99,642 99,776 99,904 100,017 100,126

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 75,103 75,139 74,854 75,035 74,908 75,095 75,361 75,567 75,615 75,462 75,632 75,866 75,754

 Participation rate ........................................... 75.9 76.0 75.6 75.7 75.5 75.6 75.8 75.9 75.9 75.6 75.7 75.9 75.7

 Employed .......................................................... 71,135 71,283 71,014 71,158 71,158 71,226 71,575 71,830 71,847 71,701 71,895 72,134 72,020

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 71.9 72.1 71.8 71.8 71.8 71.7 72.0 72.2 72.1 71.9 72.0 72.1 71.9

 Unemployed ..................................................... 3,968 3,856 3,840 3,877 3,751 3,869 3,786 3,737 3,768 3,761 3,736 3,733 3,733

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ..................... 107,404 107,131 107,216 107,299 107,389 107,483 107,586 107,687 107,801 107,920 108,032 108,129 108,221

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 64,743 64,475 64,636 64,723 64,776 64,803 64,989 65,085 64,909 65,008 65,126 65,244 65,260

 Participation rate ........................................... 60.3 60.2 60.3 60.3 60.3 60.3 60.4 60.4 60.2 60.2 60.3 60.3 60.3

 Employed .......................................................... 61,437 61,237 61,456 61,424 61,591 61,723 61,731 61,902 61,877 61,939 62,024 62,145 62,208

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 57.2 57.2 57.3 57.2 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.5 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.5 57.5

 Unemployed ..................................................... 3,306 3,238 3,179 3,299 3,185 3,080 3,259 3,183 3,032 3,069 3,102 3,099 3,051

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ..................... 16,178 16,164 16,175 16,186 16,198 16,205 16,214 16,222 16,234 16,246 16,257 16,275 16,293

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 6,961 7,171 7,039 6,979 7,104 7,120 7,036 7,172 7,152 7,062 7,135 7,202 7,189

 Participation rate ........................................... 43.0 44.4 43.5 43.1 43.9 43.9 43.4 44.2 44.1 43.5 43.9 44.2 44.1

 Employed .......................................................... 5,836 5,962 5,864 5,825 5,897 5,896 5,853 5,907 5,934 5,887 5,908 6,014 5,927

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 36.1 36.9 36.3 36.0 36.4 36.4 36.1 36.4 36.6 36.2 36.3 36.9 36.4

 Unemployed ..................................................... 1,125 1,209 1,175 1,154 1,207 1,223 1,184 1,265 1,217 1,175 1,227 1,188 1,262

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 16.2 16.9 16.7 16.5 17.0 17.2 16.8 17.6 17.0 16.6 17.2 16.5 17.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses

and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual

worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm

payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of

unemployment insurance tax accounts.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

 in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is

the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector.

Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in

accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry

Classification System.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the

levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations

due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded

production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the monthto-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics

for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both

the household and establishment surveys. However, the ad-
justed series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and

unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted

component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by

summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components;

this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained

by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons,

or more detailed age categories.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent

seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and

including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new

seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month’s data. In

the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each

month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both

surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 350,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -250,000 to 450,000

(100,000 +/- 350,000). These figures do not mean that the sample

results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a

90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we

could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased.

If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance)

that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the

monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 320,000, and for the

monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .22 percentage

point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these

estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two

successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components

is used to account for business births. The first component uses business

deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated

into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not

reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the

same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is

an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/

death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical

time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from

the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects

the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from

zero to 0.7 percent.

Additional statistics and other information

More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and

Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per

issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check

or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by

charging to Mastercard or Visa.

Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error

for the household and establishment survey data published in this

release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these

measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its “Explanatory Notes.”

For the establishment survey data, the sampling error measures and the

actual size of revisions due to benchmark adjustments appear in tables

2-B through 2-F of Employment and Earnings.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD

message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Dec.

2003

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 222,509 224,422 224,640 222,509 223,677 223,941 224,192 224,422 224,640

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 146,501 148,246 147,877 146,808 147,676 147,531 147,893 148,313 148,203

 Participation rate ............................................................... 65.8 66.1 65.8 66.0 66.0 65.9 66.0 66.1 66.0

 Employed .............................................................................. 138,556 140,581 140,278 138,409 139,658 139,527 139,827 140,293 140,156

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 62.3 62.6 62.4 62.2 62.4 62.3 62.4 62.5 62.4

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 7,945 7,665 7,599 8,399 8,018 8,005 8,066 8,020 8,047

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 76,007 76,176 76,763 75,701 76,001 76,410 76,299 76,109 76,437

 Persons who currently want a job ......................................... 4,355 4,755 4,607 4,730 4,908 4,903 5,338 5,087 5,021

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 107,123 108,276 108,392 107,123 107,881 108,020 108,153 108,276 108,392

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 78,413 79,455 79,093 78,710 79,253 79,041 79,290 79,602 79,412

 Participation rate ............................................................... 73.2 73.4 73.0 73.5 73.5 73.2 73.3 73.5 73.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 73,901 75,232 74,707 74,122 74,824 74,629 74,852 75,188 74,938

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 69.0 69.5 68.9 69.2 69.4 69.1 69.2 69.4 69.1

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 4,512 4,224 4,385 4,587 4,429 4,413 4,438 4,414 4,474

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.8 5.3 5.5 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 28,710 28,820 29,300 28,413 28,628 28,979 28,863 28,674 28,981

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 98,927 100,017 100,126 98,927 99,642 99,776 99,904 100,017 100,126

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 74,984 75,857 75,625 75,103 75,615 75,462 75,632 75,866 75,754

 Participation rate ............................................................... 75.8 75.8 75.5 75.9 75.9 75.6 75.7 75.9 75.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 71,024 72,273 71,897 71,135 71,847 71,701 71,895 72,134 72,020

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 71.8 72.3 71.8 71.9 72.1 71.9 72.0 72.1 71.9

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,960 3,584 3,727 3,968 3,768 3,761 3,736 3,733 3,733

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.3 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 23,943 24,160 24,501 23,824 24,026 24,314 24,272 24,151 24,372

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 115,386 116,146 116,247 115,386 115,796 115,921 116,039 116,146 116,247

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 68,089 68,791 68,785 68,098 68,423 68,490 68,603 68,711 68,791

 Participation rate ............................................................... 59.0 59.2 59.2 59.0 59.1 59.1 59.1 59.2 59.2

 Employed .............................................................................. 64,656 65,349 65,571 64,286 64,834 64,898 64,975 65,104 65,218

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 56.0 56.3 56.4 55.7 56.0 56.0 56.0 56.1 56.1

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,433 3,441 3,214 3,811 3,589 3,592 3,628 3,606 3,573

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.2

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 47,298 47,356 47,463 47,288 47,373 47,431 47,436 47,436 47,456

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 107,404 108,129 108,221 107,404 107,801 107,920 108,032 108,129 108,221

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 64,855 65,446 65,383 64,743 64,909 65,008 65,126 65,244 65,260

 Participation rate ............................................................... 60.4 60.5 60.4 60.3 60.2 60.2 60.3 60.3 60.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 61,823 62,492 62,581 61,437 61,877 61,939 62,024 62,145 62,208

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 57.6 57.8 57.8 57.2 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.5 57.5

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,031 2,954 2,802 3,306 3,032 3,069 3,102 3,099 3,051

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 4.7 4.5 4.3 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 42,550 42,683 42,838 42,661 42,892 42,912 42,906 42,885 42,961

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 16,178 16,275 16,293 16,178 16,234 16,246 16,257 16,275 16,293

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 6,663 6,943 6,870 6,961 7,152 7,062 7,135 7,202 7,189

 Participation rate ............................................................... 41.2 42.7 42.2 43.0 44.1 43.5 43.9 44.2 44.1

 Employed .............................................................................. 5,709 5,816 5,800 5,836 5,934 5,887 5,908 6,014 5,927

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 35.3 35.7 35.6 36.1 36.6 36.2 36.3 36.9 36.4

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 954 1,127 1,070 1,125 1,217 1,175 1,227 1,188 1,262

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 14.3 16.2 15.6 16.2 17.0 16.6 17.2 16.5 17.6

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 9,515 9,333 9,423 9,216 9,082 9,184 9,122 9,074 9,104

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal

adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Dec.

2003

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 182,185 183,340 183,483 182,185 182,846 183,022 183,188 183,340 183,483

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 120,453 121,590 121,257 120,703 121,278 120,995 121,273 121,606 121,509

 Participation rate ................................................................. 66.1 66.3 66.1 66.3 66.3 66.1 66.2 66.3 66.2

 Employed .............................................................................. 114,702 116,247 115,978 114,626 115,526 115,318 115,618 115,966 115,910

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 63.0 63.4 63.2 62.9 63.2 63.0 63.1 63.3 63.2

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 5,751 5,342 5,279 6,077 5,752 5,677 5,655 5,640 5,600

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.8 4.4 4.4 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 61,732 61,751 62,226 61,482 61,568 62,027 61,915 61,735 61,973

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 62,656 63,264 63,110 62,738 63,115 62,859 63,092 63,225 63,199

 Participation rate ................................................................. 76.1 76.2 76.0 76.2 76.3 75.9 76.1 76.2 76.1

 Employed .............................................................................. 59,680 60,742 60,466 59,780 60,368 60,149 60,415 60,565 60,570

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 72.5 73.2 72.8 72.6 73.0 72.6 72.9 73.0 72.9

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 2,975 2,522 2,645 2,958 2,747 2,710 2,678 2,660 2,629

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.7 4.0 4.2 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 52,227 52,587 52,459 52,168 52,214 52,243 52,270 52,443 52,385

 Participation rate ................................................................. 59.8 59.9 59.8 59.8 59.7 59.6 59.6 59.8 59.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 50,186 50,585 50,625 49,901 50,126 50,141 50,186 50,318 50,344

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 57.5 57.7 57.7 57.2 57.3 57.2 57.2 57.4 57.3

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 2,040 2,002 1,834 2,267 2,088 2,102 2,084 2,125 2,040

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 3.9 3.8 3.5 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 5,571 5,738 5,688 5,796 5,949 5,893 5,911 5,938 5,926

 Participation rate ................................................................. 44.3 45.5 45.0 46.1 47.2 46.7 46.9 47.0 46.9

 Employed .............................................................................. 4,835 4,920 4,887 4,944 5,032 5,028 5,017 5,083 4,995

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 38.4 39.0 38.7 39.3 39.9 39.9 39.8 40.3 39.5

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 736 818 801 852 917 865 894 855 931

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 13.2 14.3 14.1 14.7 15.4 14.7 15.1 14.4 15.7

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 25,894 26,239 26,273 25,894 26,120 26,163 26,204 26,239 26,273

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 16,422 16,814 16,773 16,362 16,721 16,711 16,820 16,728 16,713

 Participation rate ................................................................. 63.4 64.1 63.8 63.2 64.0 63.9 64.2 63.8 63.6

 Employed .............................................................................. 14,828 15,029 15,033 14,697 14,972 14,981 15,012 14,913 14,907

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 57.3 57.3 57.2 56.8 57.3 57.3 57.3 56.8 56.7

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,594 1,784 1,739 1,665 1,749 1,730 1,808 1,814 1,806

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 9.7 10.6 10.4 10.2 10.5 10.4 10.7 10.8 10.8

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 9,472 9,425 9,500 9,532 9,399 9,452 9,384 9,512 9,559

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 7,422 7,544 7,507 7,386 7,439 7,470 7,490 7,485 7,473

 Participation rate ................................................................. 71.6 71.6 71.1 71.2 70.9 71.1 71.2 71.0 70.8

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,718 6,757 6,696 6,699 6,665 6,707 6,722 6,697 6,677

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 64.8 64.1 63.4 64.6 63.6 63.8 63.9 63.5 63.3

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 704 788 811 687 774 763 768 788 796

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 9.5 10.4 10.8 9.3 10.4 10.2 10.2 10.5 10.7

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 8,325 8,471 8,532 8,271 8,483 8,504 8,513 8,438 8,477

 Participation rate ................................................................. 63.4 63.9 64.3 63.0 64.2 64.3 64.3 63.6 63.9

 Employed .............................................................................. 7,595 7,719 7,804 7,487 7,743 7,747 7,756 7,675 7,702

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 57.9 58.2 58.8 57.1 58.6 58.6 58.6 57.9 58.0

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 730 752 727 784 740 757 757 763 775

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 8.8 8.9 8.5 9.5 8.7 8.9 8.9 9.0 9.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 675 799 734 706 799 737 818 804 763

 Participation rate ................................................................. 28.1 32.7 30.0 29.4 32.9 30.3 33.6 33.0 31.2

 Employed .............................................................................. 514 554 533 511 564 526 534 542 528

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 21.4 22.7 21.8 21.3 23.2 21.6 21.9 22.2 21.6

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 161 244 201 195 235 211 283 263 235

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 23.8 30.6 27.4 27.6 29.4 28.6 34.7 32.7 30.8

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstutional population ............................................. 9,372 9,655 9,658 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 6,272 6,416 6,394 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 66.9 66.5 66.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 5,938 6,149 6,130 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 63.4 63.7 63.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 334 267 264 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 5.3 4.2 4.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 3,101 3,239 3,264 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1

because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect

revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have

been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Dec.

2003

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 28,116 28,520 28,608 28,116 28,243 28,338 28,431 28,520 28,608

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 19,031 19,548 19,514 19,051 19,463 19,444 19,524 19,552 19,544

 Participation rate ................................................................. 67.7 68.5 68.2 67.8 68.9 68.6 68.7 68.6 68.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 17,785 18,258 18,236 17,794 18,128 18,079 18,213 18,238 18,252

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 63.3 64.0 63.7 63.3 64.2 63.8 64.1 63.9 63.8

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,246 1,290 1,279 1,257 1,335 1,366 1,311 1,313 1,292

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.6

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 9,085 8,972 9,094 9,065 8,780 8,894 8,907 8,968 9,064

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 11,015 11,271 11,175 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 84.2 84.8 83.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 10,381 10,654 10,541 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 79.3 80.2 79.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 634 617 634 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 5.8 5.5 5.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 7,126 7,264 7,312 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 57.2 57.7 57.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,666 6,765 6,827 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 53.5 53.7 54.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 459 498 485 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 6.4 6.9 6.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 890 1,013 1,028 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 34.6 38.4 38.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 738 839 868 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 28.7 31.8 32.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 152 174 160 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 17.1 17.2 15.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. 

Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household

survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal

adjustment factors.

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 12,640 12,725 12,895 12,586 12,554 12,742 12,502 12,722 12,814

 Participation rate ................................................................... 44.6 45.3 45.3 44.4 45.6 45.3 45.0 45.3 45.0

 Employed ................................................................................ 11,554 11,714 11,762 11,566 11,531 11,608 11,471 11,703 11,746

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 40.8 41.7 41.3 40.8 41.9 41.3 41.3 41.6 41.3

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,086 1,012 1,133 1,021 1,023 1,133 1,031 1,019 1,068

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 8.6 8.0 8.8 8.1 8.2 8.9 8.2 8.0 8.3

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 38,170 37,809 37,842 37,997 38,002 37,700 37,712 37,630 37,695

 Participation rate ................................................................... 63.8 63.4 63.3 63.5 63.2 63.2 63.5 63.1 63.1

 Employed ................................................................................ 36,131 36,034 36,035 35,911 36,129 35,894 35,874 35,788 35,846

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 60.4 60.4 60.3 60.1 60.1 60.2 60.4 60.0 60.0

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 2,039 1,776 1,808 2,086 1,873 1,806 1,838 1,842 1,849

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 5.3 4.7 4.8 5.5 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 34,101 34,509 34,391 34,125 34,499 34,431 34,548 34,549 34,483

 Participation rate ................................................................... 72.6 72.3 72.1 72.7 72.1 72.2 71.8 72.4 72.3

 Employed ................................................................................ 32,658 33,062 32,968 32,617 33,096 33,037 33,112 33,051 32,995

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 69.5 69.3 69.1 69.4 69.1 69.3 68.8 69.3 69.2

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,443 1,447 1,423 1,508 1,404 1,394 1,435 1,498 1,487

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 40,206 41,139 40,835 40,408 40,219 40,471 40,772 41,131 41,026

 Participation rate ................................................................... 78.4 78.5 78.3 78.8 77.8 77.8 77.8 78.5 78.7

 Employed ................................................................................ 39,078 40,156 39,894 39,188 39,152 39,438 39,744 40,090 40,009

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 76.2 76.6 76.5 76.4 75.7 75.8 75.8 76.5 76.7

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,128 982 941 1,219 1,068 1,033 1,027 1,041 1,018

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 2.8 2.4 2.3 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. 

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the

household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated

seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ............................................. 2,053 2,147 1,996 2,239 2,305 2,221 2,155 2,212 2,179

 Wage and salary workers ....................................................... 1,168 1,173 1,061 1,298 1,265 1,213 1,194 1,204 1,185

 Self-employed workers ........................................................... 870 947 918 917 1,014 970 921 952 963

 Unpaid family workers ............................................................ 15 27 16 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ......................................................... 136,503 138,434 138,282 136,172 137,321 137,460 137,764 138,068 137,973

 Wage and salary workers ....................................................... 126,984 128,699 128,783 126,639 127,628 127,829 128,035 128,431 128,459

 Government .......................................................................... 19,821 20,428 20,381 19,701 20,117 20,166 20,213 20,309 20,270

 Private industries .................................................................. 107,163 108,271 108,401 107,024 107,508 107,692 107,823 108,120 108,257

 Private households ............................................................. 780 779 789 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries .................................................................. 106,383 107,493 107,612 106,274 106,686 106,910 107,090 107,360 107,492

 Self-employed workers ........................................................... 9,412 9,668 9,420 9,472 9,630 9,481 9,702 9,505 9,473

 Unpaid family workers ............................................................ 107 66 80 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

 Part time for economic reasons .............................................. 4,833 4,398 4,516 4,782 4,509 4,476 4,762 4,533 4,474

 Slack work or business conditions ........................................ 3,327 2,716 2,851 3,197 2,816 2,805 3,052 2,761 2,735

 Could only find part-time work .............................................. 1,182 1,381 1,304 1,305 1,403 1,312 1,385 1,420 1,440

 Part time for noneconomic reasons ........................................ 19,543 20,620 20,361 18,656 19,657 19,410 19,704 19,499 19,502

Nonagricultural industries:

 Part time for economic reasons .............................................. 4,717 4,255 4,399 4,704 4,408 4,400 4,656 4,404 4,382

 Slack work or business conditions ........................................ 3,248 2,616 2,774 3,149 2,722 2,750 2,971 2,685 2,682

 Could only find part-time work .............................................. 1,178 1,365 1,288 1,272 1,388 1,320 1,363 1,396 1,397

 Part time for noneconomic reasons ........................................ 19,246 20,259 19,962 18,416 19,204 19,061 19,288 19,141 19,176

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during

the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part

time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked

only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and

bad weather.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily

add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 

Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household

survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal

adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Total, 16 years and over ........................................................... 138,556 140,581 140,278 138,409 139,658 139,527 139,827 140,293 140,156

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 5,709 5,816 5,800 5,836 5,934 5,887 5,908 6,014 5,927

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 2,175 2,188 2,168 2,274 2,121 2,149 2,189 2,240 2,261

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 3,534 3,628 3,632 3,591 3,875 3,730 3,711 3,739 3,691

 20 years and over ................................................................... 132,847 134,765 134,478 132,572 133,724 133,640 133,920 134,279 134,229

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 13,426 13,799 13,819 13,451 13,777 13,641 13,842 13,818 13,851

 25 years and over ................................................................. 119,421 120,966 120,659 119,170 119,994 119,993 120,066 120,455 120,421

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 97,613 98,279 97,836 97,449 97,610 97,667 97,700 97,885 97,701

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 30,384 30,675 30,509 30,369 30,496 30,508 30,432 30,495 30,504

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 34,861 34,840 34,707 34,789 34,547 34,556 34,599 34,739 34,632

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 32,368 32,763 32,620 32,292 32,568 32,604 32,669 32,651 32,566

 55 years and over ............................................................... 21,808 22,687 22,823 21,721 22,384 22,326 22,366 22,571 22,719

Men, 16 years and over ............................................................ 73,901 75,232 74,707 74,122 74,824 74,629 74,852 75,188 74,938

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 2,877 2,958 2,810 2,987 2,977 2,927 2,957 3,055 2,917

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 1,072 1,089 992 1,136 1,018 1,040 1,072 1,117 1,049

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 1,805 1,869 1,818 1,847 2,016 1,874 1,879 1,914 1,862

 20 years and over ................................................................... 71,024 72,273 71,897 71,135 71,847 71,701 71,895 72,134 72,020

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 6,993 7,249 7,274 7,067 7,284 7,151 7,307 7,295 7,354

 25 years and over ................................................................. 64,031 65,024 64,623 64,110 64,591 64,497 64,592 64,823 64,704

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 52,386 52,830 52,464 52,476 52,564 52,553 52,582 52,695 52,563

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 16,748 16,945 16,785 16,774 16,946 16,917 16,900 16,851 16,818

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 18,825 18,839 18,697 18,849 18,641 18,639 18,649 18,799 18,719

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 16,813 17,046 16,983 16,853 16,977 16,998 17,033 17,045 17,026

 55 years and over ............................................................... 11,645 12,194 12,159 11,634 12,026 11,943 12,010 12,128 12,141

Women, 16 years and over ...................................................... 64,656 65,349 65,571 64,286 64,834 64,898 64,975 65,104 65,218

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 2,833 2,858 2,990 2,849 2,957 2,959 2,951 2,959 3,010

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 1,103 1,099 1,176 1,138 1,103 1,109 1,118 1,123 1,212

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 1,729 1,759 1,814 1,744 1,859 1,856 1,831 1,826 1,830

 20 years and over ................................................................... 61,823 62,492 62,581 61,437 61,877 61,939 62,024 62,145 62,208

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 6,434 6,550 6,545 6,384 6,493 6,490 6,535 6,523 6,497

 25 years and over ................................................................. 55,390 55,942 56,036 55,060 55,404 55,497 55,474 55,633 55,716

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 45,227 45,449 45,372 44,973 45,046 45,114 45,118 45,190 45,138

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 13,636 13,730 13,724 13,595 13,550 13,591 13,532 13,644 13,686

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 16,036 16,001 16,011 15,939 15,906 15,917 15,950 15,940 15,912

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 15,554 15,718 15,637 15,439 15,591 15,606 15,636 15,606 15,540

 55 years and over ............................................................... 10,163 10,493 10,664 10,086 10,358 10,383 10,356 10,443 10,578

Married men, spouse present ................................................... 45,562 45,631 45,499 45,383 45,099 45,093 45,127 45,462 45,315

Married women, spouse present .............................................. 35,217 35,319 35,213 34,897 34,494 34,704 34,808 34,961 34,878

Women who maintain families .................................................. 8,501 8,710 8,884 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Full-time workers 2 ................................................................... 113,942 115,000 115,117 114,443 114,775 114,831 114,954 115,415 115,585

Part-time workers 3 ................................................................... 24,614 25,581 25,161 24,137 25,047 24,729 24,931 24,940 24,728

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per

week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per

week.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily

add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 

Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household

survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal

adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Dec.

2003

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Total, 16 years and over ........................................................... 8,399 8,020 8,047 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 1,125 1,188 1,262 16.2 17.0 16.6 17.2 16.5 17.6

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 515 603 587 18.5 20.7 19.6 20.6 21.2 20.6

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 608 585 674 14.5 14.9 14.9 15.2 13.5 15.4

 20 years and over ................................................................... 7,274 6,832 6,785 5.2 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 1,426 1,398 1,360 9.6 9.0 9.5 9.8 9.2 8.9

 25 years and over ................................................................. 5,795 5,409 5,391 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 4,962 4,545 4,597 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 1,893 1,811 1,813 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.6 5.6

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 1,743 1,457 1,456 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.0

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 1,327 1,276 1,328 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.9

 55 years and over ............................................................... 877 869 825 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.5

Men, 16 years and over ............................................................ 4,587 4,414 4,474 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 620 681 741 17.2 18.1 18.2 19.2 18.2 20.3

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 255 334 336 18.3 21.9 20.6 22.1 23.0 24.3

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 362 333 403 16.4 16.1 16.8 17.7 14.8 17.8

 20 years and over ................................................................... 3,968 3,733 3,733 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 816 791 728 10.4 10.0 10.5 10.2 9.8 9.0

 25 years and over ................................................................. 3,114 2,919 2,969 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 2,642 2,449 2,531 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.6

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 1,032 960 1,024 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.7

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 911 804 792 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.1

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 699 686 716 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0

 55 years and over ............................................................... 472 470 438 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.5

Women, 16 years and over ...................................................... 3,811 3,606 3,573 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.2

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 505 507 522 15.1 15.9 15.0 15.1 14.6 14.8

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 260 269 251 18.6 19.7 18.6 19.0 19.3 17.2

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 246 252 271 12.4 13.5 12.8 12.5 12.1 12.9

 20 years and over ................................................................... 3,306 3,099 3,051 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 610 607 632 8.7 7.9 8.4 9.4 8.5 8.9

 25 years and over ................................................................. 2,681 2,490 2,422 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.2

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 2,320 2,096 2,066 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 861 851 789 6.0 5.5 5.2 5.8 5.9 5.5

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 831 654 664 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.0

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 628 590 613 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.8

 55 years and over 2 ............................................................ 367 390 350 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.2

Married men, spouse present ................................................... 1,578 1,432 1,434 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1

Married women, spouse present .............................................. 1,384 1,236 1,227 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.4

Women who maintain families 2 ............................................... 779 722 675 8.4 8.3 8.2 7.8 7.7 7.1

Full-time workers 3 ................................................................... 7,048 6,570 6,637 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4

Part-time workers 4 ................................................................... 1,354 1,432 1,417 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.4

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full

time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work

part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data

reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data have been revised

to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .......... 4,629 3,898 4,166 4,569 3,978 4,014 4,074 4,066 4,108

 On temporary layoff ................................................................ 1,137 797 1,040 1,054 971 919 947 941 965

 Not on temporary layoff .......................................................... 3,492 3,101 3,126 3,516 3,007 3,094 3,127 3,124 3,144

 Permanent job losers ............................................................ 2,681 2,296 2,272 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Persons who completed temporary jobs .............................. 811 806 854 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ............................................................................... 715 847 845 759 885 830 829 880 898

Reentrants ................................................................................ 2,065 2,265 2,040 2,387 2,440 2,417 2,411 2,388 2,361

New entrants ............................................................................ 536 655 548 696 699 697 747 723 709

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... 58.3 50.9 54.8 54.3 49.7 50.4 50.5 50.5 50.9

 On temporary layoff ............................................................... 14.3 10.4 13.7 12.5 12.1 11.6 11.8 11.7 11.9

 Not on temporary layoff ......................................................... 44.0 40.5 41.1 41.8 37.6 38.9 38.8 38.8 38.9

 Job leavers .............................................................................. 9.0 11.0 11.1 9.0 11.1 10.4 10.3 10.9 11.1

 Reentrants ............................................................................... 26.0 29.5 26.8 28.4 30.5 30.4 29.9 29.6 29.2

 New entrants ........................................................................... 6.8 8.6 7.2 8.3 8.7 8.8 9.3 9.0 8.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... 3.2 2.6 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8

 Job leavers .............................................................................. .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6

 Reentrants ............................................................................... 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

 New entrants ........................................................................... .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal

adjustment factors.

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .................................................................... 2,298 2,467 2,546 2,595 2,605 2,796 2,753 2,611 2,865

5 to 14 weeks ........................................................................... 2,439 2,353 2,244 2,453 2,521 2,251 2,290 2,361 2,264

15 weeks and over ................................................................... 3,208 2,844 2,809 3,389 2,924 2,971 3,032 3,012 2,961

 15 to 26 weeks ...................................................................... 1,343 1,173 1,202 1,496 1,243 1,227 1,261 1,294 1,325

 27 weeks and over ................................................................ 1,865 1,671 1,608 1,893 1,681 1,744 1,771 1,718 1,636

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .......................................... 20.0 20.0 19.5 19.8 19.2 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.3

Median duration, in weeks ........................................................ 10.6 9.7 9.6 10.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.8 9.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks .................................................................. 28.9 32.2 33.5 30.8 32.4 34.9 34.1 32.7 35.4

 5 to 14 weeks ......................................................................... 30.7 30.7 29.5 29.1 31.3 28.1 28.4 29.6 28.0

 15 weeks and over ................................................................. 40.4 37.1 37.0 40.2 36.3 37.1 37.5 37.7 36.6

 15 to 26 weeks ..................................................................... 16.9 15.3 15.8 17.7 15.4 15.3 15.6 16.2 16.4

 27 weeks and over ............................................................... 23.5 21.8 21.2 22.4 20.9 21.7 21.9 21.5 20.2

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal

adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2003

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Dec.

2004

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .......................................................................... 138,556 140,278 7,945 7,599 5.4 5.1

Management, professional, and related occupations ............................... 48,320 49,184 1,380 1,281 2.8 2.5

 Management, business, and financial operations occupations ............ 19,887 20,170 589 567 2.9 2.7

 Professional and related occupations ........................................................ 28,432 29,014 791 713 2.7 2.4

Service occupations .......................................................................................... 21,633 22,907 1,560 1,440 6.7 5.9

Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... 35,770 35,511 1,835 1,632 4.9 4.4

 Sales and related occupations ..................................................................... 16,543 15,930 909 770 5.2 4.6

 Office and administrative support occupations ........................................ 19,227 19,581 926 862 4.6 4.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ........... 14,347 14,649 1,208 1,279 7.8 8.0

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................................... 907 845 164 183 15.3 17.8

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... 8,272 8,517 766 880 8.5 9.4

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .................................. 5,168 5,287 279 217 5.1 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ................ 18,486 18,027 1,396 1,368 7.0 7.1

 Production occupations .................................................................................. 9,820 9,411 690 708 6.6 7.0

 Transportation and material moving occupations .................................... 8,666 8,616 706 660 7.5 7.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted

Industry

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2003

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Dec.

2004

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................................... 7,945 7,599 5.4 5.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers ...................................... 6,456 6,045 5.7 5.3

 Mining ................................................................................................................. 32 16 5.6 2.5

 Construction ...................................................................................................... 813 870 9.3 9.5

 Manufacturing ................................................................................................... 1,025 872 5.9 5.1

 Durable goods ................................................................................................ 647 529 5.9 4.9

 Nondurable goods ......................................................................................... 378 344 5.8 5.5

 Wholesale and retail trade ............................................................................ 1,081 1,058 5.0 5.0

 Transportation and utilities ............................................................................ 267 204 5.0 3.8

 Information ........................................................................................................ 224 173 6.5 5.7

 Financial activities ........................................................................................... 283 290 3.0 3.1

 Professional and business services ............................................................ 948 875 7.6 6.9

 Education and health services ..................................................................... 620 562 3.5 3.1

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................................... 885 850 8.2 7.4

 Other services .................................................................................................. 278 276 4.5 4.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ........................ 137 165 10.9 14.0

Government workers ......................................................................................... 516 499 2.5 2.4

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................................... 299 341 2.8 3.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004

Dec.

2004

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force .............. 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor

force ...................................................................................................................................... 3.2 2.6 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate) ...................................................................................................................................... 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers ............................................................................................................ 5.7 5.4 5.4 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally

 attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally

 attached workers ................................................................................................................. 6.4 6.1 6.1 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed

 part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

 all marginally attached workers ........................................................................................... 9.6 9.1 9.1 9.9 9.5 9.4 9.7 9.4 9.3

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor

looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for

work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,

have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed

part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but

have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new

range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the

household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal

adjustment factors.

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Dec.

2003

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Dec.

2004

Dec.

2003

Dec.

2004

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force ............................................................................ 76,007 76,763 28,710 29,300 47,298 47,463

 Persons who currently want a job ............................................................... 4,355 4,607 1,858 2,138 2,496 2,469

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ..................................... 1,483 1,463 688 737 795 726

 Reason not currently looking:

 Discouragement over job prospects 2 ......................................... 433 442 212 265 221 177

 Reasons other than discouragement 3 ........................................ 1,050 1,021 476 472 574 549

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 ............................................................................ 7,260 7,834 3,548 4,061 3,711 3,774

 Percent of total employed ......................................................................... 5.2 5.6 4.8 5.4 5.7 5.8

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ........................................... 3,860 4,086 2,095 2,339 1,765 1,747

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .............................................. 1,618 1,757 478 552 1,141 1,205

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ................................................ 244 270 162 192 82 77

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ................................................... 1,493 1,685 797 963 696 722

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well

as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the

household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Change

from:

Nov. 2004-

Dec. 2004p

Total nonfarm ............................. 130,862 132,928 133,207 133,027 130,035 131,541 131,660 131,972 132,109 132,266 157

Total private ........................................ 108,967 110,934 111,060 110,940 108,491 109,912 110,008 110,297 110,422 110,550 128

Goods-producing ............................................ 21,609 22,259 22,153 21,937 21,668 21,939 21,958 22,016 22,017 22,030 13

Natural resources and mining .................................. 570 601 600 597 570 591 593 592 595 598 3

Logging ............................................................ 67.0 67.7 65.7 65.4 65.9 64.6 64.9 64.2 63.6 65.1 1.5

Mining .................................................................... 503.3 533.0 534.1 531.8 504.3 526.6 527.7 527.5 531.0 532.8 1.8

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 124.1 131.7 132.4 132.1 124.6 132.7 132.9 132.7 133.5 133.2 -.3

Mining, except oil and gas1................................. 200.5 212.6 213.4 208.9 202.0 209.2 209.4 209.0 210.7 210.6 -.1

Coal mining ...................................................... 70.5 74.4 75.6 76.3 69.8 74.6 74.8 74.4 75.0 75.2 .2

Support activities for mining .............................. 178.7 188.7 188.3 190.8 177.7 184.7 185.4 185.8 186.8 189.0 2.2

Construction ............................................................. 6,699 7,221 7,140 6,933 6,774 6,936 6,958 7,018 7,025 7,032 7

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,582.7 1,698.3 1,684.4 1,664.2 1,585.1 1,635.5 1,648.8 1,661.6 1,665.1 1,669.3 4.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction ......... 885.1 989.7 957.4 892.3 920.7 921.9 922.5 928.4 930.9 931.6 .7

Specialty trade contractors ................................ 4,231.1 4,532.6 4,498.3 4,376.9 4,268.4 4,378.9 4,386.8 4,427.5 4,428.8 4,430.6 1.8

Manufacturing ........................................................... 14,340 14,437 14,413 14,407 14,324 14,412 14,407 14,406 14,397 14,400 3

Production workers ....................................... 10,060 10,188 10,164 10,153 10,044 10,162 10,150 10,150 10,141 10,143 2

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,882 8,991 8,991 8,991 8,868 8,986 8,979 8,985 8,979 8,979 0

Production workers ....................................... 6,094 6,199 6,196 6,191 6,079 6,195 6,184 6,188 6,180 6,182 2

Wood products ................................................... 534.2 553.1 549.2 546.3 536.6 545.9 544.8 549.7 548.5 550.3 1.8

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 483.5 510.4 507.2 498.7 487.5 501.6 503.2 503.0 502.9 502.7 -.2

Primary metals .................................................... 465.6 463.2 464.0 465.8 464.6 465.4 464.1 464.5 464.6 464.3 -.3

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,473.5 1,511.7 1,510.2 1,510.1 1,471.2 1,504.7 1,505.8 1,508.5 1,507.5 1,508.0 .5

Machinery ........................................................... 1,143.0 1,156.7 1,160.8 1,165.5 1,140.4 1,163.3 1,161.7 1,161.4 1,162.0 1,162.0 .0

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,335.0 1,347.6 1,344.4 1,345.5 1,332.2 1,353.0 1,350.7 1,348.6 1,344.6 1,342.8 -1.8

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 218.0 214.4 213.8 215.5 217.8 217.9 217.1 215.6 214.4 215.4 1.0

Communications equipment ........................... 153.5 159.0 158.7 158.4 153.0 158.5 158.1 158.0 158.6 158.7 .1

Semiconductors and electronic components . 452.0 456.6 454.8 452.9 451.3 460.2 459.4 457.2 455.2 452.2 -3.0

Electronic instruments ..................................... 425.8 434.5 434.0 436.0 425.3 433.0 433.1 435.4 434.1 434.5 .4

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 452.1 446.3 447.6 446.3 451.2 449.6 449.1 447.3 447.8 445.5 -2.3

Transportation equipment .................................. 1,772.0 1,775.5 1,778.1 1,783.4 1,762.7 1,774.4 1,771.7 1,774.3 1,772.3 1,774.1 1.8

Furniture and related products .......................... 570.7 572.3 573.2 573.5 569.3 574.6 573.8 573.7 574.1 574.3 .2

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 652.3 653.8 655.9 655.7 651.9 653.6 653.7 654.0 654.6 655.1 .5

Nondurable goods ................................................. 5,458 5,446 5,422 5,416 5,456 5,426 5,428 5,421 5,418 5,421 3

Production workers ....................................... 3,966 3,989 3,968 3,962 3,965 3,967 3,966 3,962 3,961 3,961 0

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,513.2 1,527.4 1,512.9 1,515.8 1,506.3 1,499.6 1,502.5 1,504.5 1,506.5 1,512.9 6.4

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 196.8 199.2 200.5 195.8 198.3 197.2 198.5 197.0 199.8 197.4 -2.4

Textile mills ......................................................... 239.7 232.8 231.0 228.3 241.0 234.4 233.8 233.0 231.2 230.4 -.8

Textile product mills ........................................... 173.8 178.7 178.5 178.6 174.3 179.4 179.6 180.1 180.0 180.2 .2

Apparel ................................................................ 295.1 278.7 273.4 269.6 297.7 284.2 282.7 277.4 273.5 272.5 -1.0

Leather and allied products ............................... 44.0 45.0 45.9 44.8 44.3 44.8 45.4 45.3 45.8 45.2 -.6

Paper and paper products ................................. 511.5 509.6 507.4 508.6 510.3 509.8 508.6 508.0 505.7 506.1 .4

Printing and related support activities ............... 672.4 661.1 660.7 664.3 670.1 662.2 660.3 660.6 660.3 661.7 1.4

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 110.7 115.6 114.8 112.2 112.4 114.1 114.3 114.2 114.2 113.2 -1.0

Chemicals ........................................................... 895.5 887.6 886.5 891.1 895.9 891.9 892.7 891.3 890.3 890.4 .1

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 805.7 810.4 810.3 807.3 805.8 808.8 809.5 809.2 811.1 811.0 -.1

Service-providing ............................................ 109,253 110,669 111,054 111,090 108,367 109,602 109,702 109,956 110,092 110,236 144

Private service-providing ............................... 87,358 88,675 88,907 89,003 86,823 87,973 88,050 88,281 88,405 88,520 115

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 25,875 25,665 26,028 26,218 25,211 25,516 25,522 25,562 25,580 25,580 0

Wholesale trade .................................................... 5,604.1 5,678.3 5,685.9 5,701.5 5,598.4 5,652.8 5,662.8 5,670.4 5,678.4 5,695.4 17.0

Durable goods .................................................... 2,948.2 2,995.6 2,997.5 3,008.3 2,945.8 2,989.6 2,992.3 2,995.6 2,996.2 3,005.8 9.6

Nondurable goods .............................................. 1,992.8 2,007.5 2,007.7 2,006.5 1,991.8 1,992.5 1,996.6 2,000.2 2,002.5 2,005.3 2.8

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 663.1 675.2 680.7 686.7 660.8 670.7 673.9 674.6 679.7 684.3 4.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Change

from:

Nov. 2004-

Dec. 2004p

Retail trade ............................................................ 15,486.7 15,107.0 15,464.2 15,617.6 14,876.0 15,048.8 15,030.5 15,055.6 15,064.5 15,044.9 -19.6

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1........................ 1,886.4 1,911.7 1,910.0 1,898.6 1,893.7 1,904.9 1,904.8 1,903.4 1,907.3 1,909.1 1.8

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,256.9 1,254.9 1,255.2 1,250.1 1,259.5 1,256.8 1,253.7 1,251.6 1,254.6 1,254.7 .1

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 568.6 552.2 566.4 573.3 547.2 548.7 548.7 550.0 550.8 551.8 1.0

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 536.4 519.7 539.5 541.6 511.9 511.6 512.6 517.8 519.8 515.5 -4.3

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,193.2 1,254.3 1,252.5 1,241.9 1,209.5 1,251.7 1,256.5 1,258.7 1,262.4 1,263.9 1.5

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,858.0 2,838.7 2,858.4 2,865.1 2,813.9 2,832.9 2,832.2 2,832.3 2,827.9 2,822.6 -5.3

Health and personal care stores ....................... 967.5 956.3 965.8 969.2 952.6 956.4 956.4 956.3 957.5 956.8 -.7

Gasoline stations ................................................ 872.7 870.1 867.1 863.6 871.1 870.3 871.8 869.6 867.1 864.7 -2.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,411.0 1,348.3 1,411.5 1,465.4 1,301.0 1,355.2 1,349.9 1,353.0 1,354.8 1,353.8 -1.0

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

 stores................................................................ 703.6 643.6 672.3 699.5 633.2 638.4 635.0 636.5 636.3 631.7 -4.6

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 3,080.7 2,839.2 3,026.9 3,093.0 2,793.4 2,823.8 2,810.9 2,822.8 2,828.2 2,822.9 -5.3

Department stores ............................................. 1,799.5 1,622.1 1,766.2 1,809.5 1,601.3 1,607.9 1,599.4 1,609.3 1,615.3 1,614.5 -.8

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................ 958.5 936.7 941.7 950.0 924.4 927.1 924.7 927.7 924.0 923.1 -.9

Nonstore retailers .............................................. 450.1 436.2 452.1 456.4 424.1 427.8 427.0 427.5 428.4 429.0 .6

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,205.8 4,298.8 4,298.4 4,320.1 4,157.0 4,232.5 4,246.0 4,254.4 4,256.0 4,260.5 4.5

Air transportation ................................................ 514.6 511.8 510.4 511.3 512.9 511.8 510.0 511.5 510.0 509.6 -.4

Rail transportation .............................................. 216.5 218.5 218.0 217.0 215.5 217.4 217.9 217.8 217.1 216.9 -.2

Water transportation ........................................... 48.9 51.2 48.7 48.9 50.0 50.3 50.1 50.7 50.2 50.2 .0

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,344.4 1,383.6 1,375.3 1,381.4 1,338.7 1,363.7 1,368.1 1,367.4 1,366.7 1,374.7 8.0

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 398.6 398.1 398.3 400.0 385.0 374.5 380.2 382.7 383.6 384.8 1.2

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 38.9 38.5 38.4 38.6 38.8 38.5 38.6 38.4 38.3 38.2 -.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 24.7 31.2 27.5 25.7 29.4 32.7 32.7 31.6 31.8 31.3 -.5

Support activities for transportation ................... 514.1 530.2 531.5 537.6 511.6 525.1 525.9 528.3 531.4 535.5 4.1

Couriers and messengers .................................. 579.9 580.1 592.3 608.2 559.0 580.4 581.1 580.0 581.3 576.5 -4.8

Warehousing and storage .................................. 525.2 555.6 558.0 551.4 516.1 538.1 541.4 546.0 545.6 542.8 -2.8

Utilities ................................................................... 578.4 581.0 579.8 578.9 579.3 582.0 582.4 581.5 580.8 579.6 -1.2

Information ................................................................ 3,189 3,157 3,171 3,169 3,175 3,166 3,159 3,163 3,164 3,161 -3

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 922.8 912.5 916.7 918.0 917.4 914.3 913.8 913.2 914.0 913.0 -1.0

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 392.5 389.8 390.7 388.8 385.2 388.7 389.4 395.0 388.7 386.4 -2.3

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 331.5 338.6 340.0 341.7 329.5 336.6 337.3 338.4 338.9 339.5 .6

Internet publishing and broadcasting ................ 30.0 35.4 36.4 36.6 30.4 34.2 34.5 35.7 36.4 36.9 .5

Telecommunications .......................................... 1,060.0 1,027.0 1,032.4 1,031.1 1,061.2 1,037.5 1,030.0 1,026.4 1,032.3 1,032.5 .2

ISPs, search portals, and data processing ....... 403.4 405.1 405.9 403.6 402.6 404.3 404.0 404.9 404.6 404.1 -.5

Other information services ................................. 48.4 48.9 48.4 48.7 48.2 50.0 49.6 49.0 48.7 48.6 -.1

Financial activities .................................................... 7,975 8,080 8,097 8,117 7,981 8,053 8,078 8,092 8,107 8,121 14

Finance and insurance .......................................... 5,915.5 5,977.1 5,997.6 6,018.8 5,916.5 5,962.4 5,976.2 5,990.7 6,002.9 6,017.1 14.2

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 22.5 21.5 21.2 21.1 22.5 21.8 21.7 21.5 21.3 21.1 -.2

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,784.6 2,816.3 2,835.4 2,846.3 2,783.3 2,807.3 2,818.3 2,824.6 2,838.0 2,847.2 9.2

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,755.3 1,768.1 1,777.7 1,785.3 1,757.1 1,768.3 1,772.7 1,776.3 1,781.5 1,784.5 3.0

Commercial banking .................................... 1,277.8 1,284.1 1,291.7 1,296.7 1,278.9 1,283.0 1,287.5 1,290.1 1,295.0 1,297.4 2.4

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 771.4 797.9 800.0 803.2 771.9 791.6 793.6 800.6 800.2 802.7 2.5

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,256.3 2,264.4 2,264.6 2,270.7 2,258.1 2,263.9 2,265.1 2,266.7 2,266.6 2,269.1 2.5

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 80.7 77.0 76.4 77.5 80.7 77.8 77.5 77.3 76.8 77.0 .2

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,059.0 2,102.7 2,099.1 2,098.4 2,064.0 2,090.6 2,101.8 2,101.6 2,103.8 2,104.3 .5

Real estate .......................................................... 1,394.3 1,435.6 1,437.9 1,435.1 1,395.7 1,424.1 1,431.6 1,433.4 1,437.7 1,437.3 -.4

Rental and leasing services ............................... 634.7 638.9 632.7 634.7 638.3 638.0 641.9 639.9 637.6 638.5 .9

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 30.0 28.2 28.5 28.6 30.0 28.5 28.3 28.3 28.5 28.5 .0

Professional and business services ........................ 16,136 16,848 16,781 16,690 16,159 16,518 16,548 16,643 16,664 16,705 41

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 6,650.0 6,781.9 6,800.9 6,841.4 6,669.3 6,762.0 6,783.3 6,817.4 6,835.7 6,864.2 28.5

Legal services .................................................. 1,142.4 1,149.7 1,149.0 1,150.1 1,140.5 1,146.2 1,148.4 1,148.5 1,147.1 1,148.7 1.6

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 791.1 763.9 768.4 802.3 826.6 815.3 815.7 826.3 830.3 835.3 5.0

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,230.7 1,291.1 1,292.7 1,290.7 1,235.2 1,269.3 1,275.1 1,284.3 1,291.3 1,298.2 6.9

Computer systems design and related

 services.......................................................... 1,109.8 1,142.6 1,155.6 1,164.9 1,105.7 1,129.7 1,136.5 1,142.9 1,153.3 1,163.0 9.7

Management and technical consulting

 services.......................................................... 770.5 801.2 797.7 802.7 764.0 794.3 793.9 796.7 795.4 797.9 2.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Change

from:

Nov. 2004-

Dec. 2004p

Professional and business services--Continued

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,682.7 1,681.1 1,688.9 1,687.1 1,670.2 1,682.5 1,679.1 1,678.2 1,679.3 1,678.6 -.7

Administrative and waste services ....................... 7,802.8 8,385.0 8,290.7 8,161.2 7,819.2 8,073.0 8,085.4 8,147.2 8,148.7 8,162.5 13.8

1 Administrative and support services ................. 7,480.8 8,057.0 7,963.8 7,837.7 7,496.3 7,746.6 7,759.5 7,821.5 7,822.1 7,837.0 14.9

1 Employment services ...................................... 3,495.5 3,865.6 3,813.3 3,789.7 3,461.3 3,607.8 3,633.6 3,692.9 3,696.5 3,719.9 23.4

Temporary help services ............................. 2,378.1 2,681.9 2,630.0 2,603.1 2,355.3 2,474.7 2,501.4 2,554.2 2,551.7 2,561.1 9.4

Business support services .............................. 756.3 754.1 758.0 759.6 745.1 751.5 744.3 747.8 748.8 749.2 .4

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,573.1 1,733.8 1,698.1 1,604.4 1,635.9 1,691.6 1,691.7 1,688.3 1,686.2 1,677.3 -8.9

Waste management and remediation services 322.0 328.0 326.9 323.5 322.9 326.4 325.9 325.7 326.6 325.5 -1.1

Education and health services ................................ 16,889 17,215 17,296 17,294 16,731 16,965 16,980 17,049 17,086 17,133 47

Educational services ............................................. 2,858.5 2,936.7 2,965.4 2,929.7 2,728.0 2,746.4 2,749.6 2,773.0 2,775.9 2,787.5 11.6

Health care and social assistance ........................14,030.1 14,278.7 14,330.7 14,364.3 14,003.2 14,218.3 14,230.0 14,275.6 14,309.8 14,345.3 35.5

1 Ambulatory health care services ....................... 4,842.0 4,964.9 4,985.9 5,005.8 4,831.0 4,935.1 4,938.4 4,964.6 4,978.1 4,995.2 17.1

Offices of physicians ....................................... 2,036.8 2,078.6 2,087.6 2,095.2 2,030.0 2,062.1 2,068.1 2,078.6 2,083.6 2,088.9 5.3

Outpatient care centers ................................... 425.7 436.6 438.2 439.1 425.0 438.0 436.9 437.7 438.3 438.8 .5

Home health care services ............................. 743.5 767.8 776.3 781.5 739.9 760.1 761.5 766.2 773.5 778.2 4.7

Hospitals ............................................................. 4,288.3 4,336.2 4,350.1 4,353.1 4,283.9 4,330.5 4,332.1 4,337.5 4,346.7 4,351.6 4.9

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............... 2,800.3 2,822.3 2,831.0 2,831.9 2,793.0 2,814.0 2,820.3 2,820.5 2,826.3 2,826.9 .6

Nursing care facilities ...................................... 1,585.7 1,588.3 1,595.2 1,592.7 1,581.7 1,586.3 1,587.1 1,587.1 1,591.4 1,590.6 -.8

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,099.5 2,155.3 2,163.7 2,173.5 2,095.3 2,138.7 2,139.2 2,153.0 2,158.7 2,171.6 12.9

Child day care services ................................... 777.3 799.1 801.4 803.5 770.0 792.7 783.3 789.9 792.4 798.2 5.8

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 11,927 12,313 12,130 12,110 12,192 12,341 12,353 12,362 12,387 12,399 12

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 1,654.1 1,748.2 1,640.2 1,625.6 1,795.2 1,785.6 1,793.8 1,787.6 1,783.4 1,772.3 -11.1

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 354.6 364.3 349.2 345.3 368.8 356.0 360.3 361.0 359.8 357.3 -2.5

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 109.4 116.3 113.3 110.3 113.1 116.7 116.2 115.7 115.6 114.8 -.8

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,190.1 1,267.6 1,177.7 1,170.0 1,313.3 1,312.9 1,317.3 1,310.9 1,308.0 1,300.2 -7.8

Accommodations and food services .................... 10,273.3 10,565.2 10,489.4 10,484.6 10,396.3 10,555.6 10,559.3 10,574.0 10,603.9 10,626.4 22.5

Accommodations ................................................ 1,691.2 1,754.7 1,732.0 1,727.1 1,763.0 1,767.9 1,771.4 1,769.2 1,786.7 1,790.6 3.9

Food services and drinking places .................... 8,582.1 8,810.5 8,757.4 8,757.5 8,633.3 8,787.7 8,787.9 8,804.8 8,817.2 8,835.8 18.6

Other services .......................................................... 5,367 5,397 5,404 5,405 5,374 5,414 5,410 5,410 5,417 5,421 4

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,224.3 1,236.3 1,233.6 1,229.8 1,228.5 1,235.2 1,235.2 1,236.6 1,236.4 1,237.1 .7

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,251.2 1,250.8 1,254.3 1,255.6 1,250.2 1,259.9 1,255.7 1,252.9 1,255.6 1,259.1 3.5

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,891.6 2,909.9 2,916.4 2,919.1 2,895.7 2,919.1 2,918.8 2,920.3 2,924.5 2,924.8 .3

Government .............................................................. 21,895 21,994 22,147 22,087 21,544 21,629 21,652 21,675 21,687 21,716 29

Federal ................................................................... 2,739 2,706 2,705 2,719 2,720 2,712 2,713 2,706 2,713 2,706 -7

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 1,921.5 1,923.5 1,919.6 1,924.5 1,928.9 1,926.3 1,927.6 1,923.6 1,930.4 1,931.5 1.1

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 817.4 782.8 785.4 794.9 791.4 785.3 784.9 781.9 782.3 774.6 -7.7

State government .................................................. 5,119 5,190 5,215 5,183 5,027 5,035 5,047 5,058 5,066 5,076 10

State government education .............................. 2,395.4 2,448.4 2,474.5 2,437.6 2,285.7 2,285.2 2,299.7 2,307.0 2,311.4 2,317.3 5.9

State government, excluding education ............ 2,723.9 2,742.0 2,740.0 2,745.1 2,740.9 2,749.4 2,747.5 2,751.1 2,754.5 2,758.7 4.2

Local government .................................................. 14,037 14,098 14,227 14,185 13,797 13,882 13,892 13,911 13,908 13,934 26

Local government education ............................. 7,999.4 8,004.7 8,119.7 8,108.6 7,687.1 7,758.4 7,760.4 7,774.9 7,779.9 7,793.5 13.6

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,037.9 6,092.9 6,107.3 6,076.1 6,109.7 6,123.2 6,131.6 6,136.3 6,128.1 6,140.8 12.7

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately. p= preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Change

from:

Nov. 2004-

Dec. 2004p

Total private ....................................... 33.6 33.8 33.7 33.8 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.8 0.1

Goods-producing .......................................... 40.1 40.2 40.1 40.3 39.9 40.1 40.1 40.0 39.9 39.9 .0

Natural resources and mining .............................. 43.5 45.3 45.4 44.7 43.6 44.4 44.6 44.8 44.9 44.9 .0

Construction ............................................................ 37.4 38.8 38.2 38.2 38.1 38.1 38.4 38.3 38.4 38.4 .0

Manufacturing ......................................................... 41.3 40.7 40.8 41.2 40.6 40.9 40.8 40.6 40.5 40.5 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 .0

Durable goods ..................................................... 41.9 41.2 41.2 41.9 41.2 41.3 41.2 41.1 41.0 41.1 .1

Overtime hours ............................................ 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 .0

Wood products .................................................. 41.1 40.4 40.2 40.2 41.0 40.9 40.3 40.2 40.0 40.0 .0

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 41.9 42.8 42.6 42.4 42.3 42.3 42.4 42.4 42.4 42.5 .1

Primary metals .................................................. 43.5 42.9 43.3 43.9 42.7 43.3 43.1 43.1 43.1 43.1 .0

Fabricated metal products .............................. 41.7 41.2 41.1 41.7 40.8 41.2 41.2 41.0 40.8 40.9 .1

Machinery .......................................................... 41.9 42.0 42.3 42.9 41.1 42.1 42.3 42.2 42.2 42.1 -.1

Computer and electronic products ................ 41.3 40.3 40.3 41.0 40.4 40.5 40.3 40.2 39.9 40.2 .3

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 42.0 40.8 40.6 40.4 40.7 41.0 40.5 40.4 40.1 39.6 -.5

Transportation equipment ............................... 43.7 42.5 42.4 43.5 42.7 42.5 42.4 42.4 42.2 42.4 .2

Furniture and related products ....................... 40.4 38.9 39.5 40.6 39.7 39.5 39.3 39.1 39.4 39.7 .3

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 39.2 38.4 38.4 39.2 38.5 38.5 38.3 38.3 38.2 38.5 .3

Nondurable goods ............................................... 40.5 40.0 40.1 40.2 39.9 40.2 40.1 39.8 39.7 39.6 -.1

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 .0

Food manufacturing ......................................... 39.7 39.3 39.6 39.3 39.1 39.3 39.4 38.9 38.9 38.7 -.2

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 38.9 38.3 38.6 38.4 39.1 39.5 39.1 38.5 38.5 38.4 -.1

Textile mills ........................................................ 40.2 39.8 40.1 40.7 39.7 40.5 40.1 40.1 40.0 40.1 .1

Textile product mills ......................................... 40.6 39.2 39.0 39.0 39.8 38.7 39.0 39.0 38.8 38.4 -.4

Apparel ............................................................... 36.0 35.9 36.1 36.9 35.8 36.1 36.2 36.0 35.9 36.3 .4

Leather and allied products ............................ 40.8 38.5 38.2 36.5 40.3 37.8 38.1 38.3 38.1 36.8 -1.3

Paper and paper products .............................. 42.7 42.3 42.4 43.1 41.8 42.5 42.1 42.2 42.0 42.0 .0

Printing and related support activities ........... 38.7 38.5 38.8 38.9 38.2 38.5 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.2 -.1

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 44.1 45.1 45.7 45.2 44.2 46.3 45.8 44.9 45.4 45.0 -.4

Chemicals .......................................................... 42.9 42.5 42.6 42.4 42.5 42.8 42.8 42.6 42.3 42.2 -.1

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 41.2 40.1 39.9 40.4 40.4 40.5 40.2 40.0 39.6 39.7 .1

Private service-providing ............................. 32.2 32.4 32.3 32.4 32.2 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.4 32.5 .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 33.6 33.5 33.3 33.6 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.5 33.5 .0

Wholesale trade ................................................... 37.8 37.6 37.6 37.5 37.8 37.6 37.8 37.7 37.6 37.6 .0

Retail trade ........................................................... 31.0 30.7 30.4 31.0 30.8 30.7 30.8 30.8 30.7 30.8 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 36.9 37.4 37.5 37.4 36.7 37.2 37.4 37.4 37.3 37.2 -.1

Utilities ................................................................... 40.7 41.0 40.8 40.4 40.8 40.9 41.4 40.7 40.5 40.6 .1

Information ............................................................... 36.1 36.4 36.5 36.3 36.2 36.4 36.4 36.4 36.4 36.4 .0

Financial activities .................................................. 35.2 35.5 35.5 35.7 35.3 35.5 35.5 35.7 35.6 35.8 .2

Professional and business services .................... 33.7 34.2 34.1 34.1 33.8 34.2 34.5 34.3 34.2 34.2 .0

Education and health services ............................. 32.3 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.5 32.6 .1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 25.2 25.6 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.7 25.7 25.8 .1

Other services ......................................................... 31.0 31.0 30.9 31.0 31.0 31.1 31.1 31.0 31.0 31.0 .0

1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory p = preliminary.

workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2003

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Dec.

2003

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Total private ....................................... $15.48 $15.83 $15.86 $15.89 $520.13 $535.05 $534.48 $537.08

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 15.45 15.82 15.84 15.86 519.12 534.72 533.81 536.07

Goods-producing .......................................... 17.03 17.39 17.38 17.43 682.90 699.08 696.94 702.43

Natural resources and mining .............................. 17.97 18.14 18.32 18.41 781.70 821.74 831.73 822.93

Construction ............................................................ 19.10 19.47 19.37 19.35 714.34 755.44 739.93 739.17

Manufacturing ......................................................... 16.05 16.27 16.33 16.47 662.87 662.19 666.26 678.56

Durable goods ..................................................... 16.78 16.99 17.05 17.22 703.08 699.99 702.46 721.52

Wood products .................................................. 12.93 13.02 13.09 13.13 531.42 526.01 526.22 527.83

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 15.98 16.38 16.50 16.48 669.56 701.06 702.90 698.75

Primary metals .................................................. 18.39 18.74 18.69 18.73 799.97 803.95 809.28 822.25

Fabricated metal products .............................. 15.23 15.37 15.44 15.54 635.09 633.24 634.58 648.02

Machinery .......................................................... 16.62 16.83 16.80 16.89 696.38 706.86 710.64 724.58

Computer and electronic products ................ 16.85 17.51 17.60 17.86 695.91 705.65 709.28 732.26

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 14.68 15.00 15.02 15.08 616.56 612.00 609.81 609.23

Transportation equipment ............................... 21.74 21.84 21.95 22.27 950.04 928.20 930.68 968.75

Furniture and related products ....................... 13.08 13.26 13.29 13.51 528.43 515.81 524.96 548.51

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 13.60 13.91 13.97 13.96 533.12 534.14 536.45 547.23

Nondurable goods ............................................... 14.88 15.12 15.17 15.24 602.64 604.80 608.32 612.65

Food manufacturing ......................................... 12.95 12.93 12.97 13.01 514.12 508.15 513.61 511.29

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 18.58 19.20 18.84 18.72 722.76 735.36 727.22 718.85

Textile mills ........................................................ 12.21 12.12 12.12 12.19 490.84 482.38 486.01 496.13

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.44 11.44 11.44 11.68 464.46 448.45 446.16 455.52

Apparel ............................................................... 9.80 9.97 10.02 10.02 352.80 357.92 361.72 369.74

Leather and allied products ............................ 11.90 11.57 11.53 11.74 485.52 445.45 440.45 428.51

Paper and paper products .............................. 17.60 17.87 18.10 17.99 751.52 755.90 767.44 775.37

Printing and related support activities ........... 15.56 15.94 15.90 15.86 602.17 613.69 616.92 616.95

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 24.06 24.35 24.78 24.56 1,061.05 1,098.19 1,132.45 1,110.11

Chemicals .......................................................... 18.79 19.47 19.47 19.76 806.09 827.48 829.42 837.82

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 14.47 14.55 14.60 14.73 596.16 583.46 582.54 595.09

Private service-providing ............................. 15.07 15.41 15.46 15.48 485.25 499.28 499.36 501.55

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 14.31 14.78 14.77 14.72 480.82 495.13 491.84 494.59

Wholesale trade ................................................... 17.46 17.77 17.81 17.83 659.99 668.15 669.66 668.63

Retail trade ........................................................... 11.87 12.18 12.18 12.14 367.97 373.93 370.27 376.34

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 16.33 16.98 17.00 17.08 602.58 635.05 637.50 638.79

Utilities ................................................................... 25.26 26.00 25.99 26.05 1,028.08 1,066.00 1,060.39 1,052.42

Information ............................................................... 21.10 21.69 21.71 21.86 761.71 789.52 792.42 793.52

Financial activities .................................................. 17.26 17.67 17.62 17.65 607.55 627.29 625.51 630.11

Professional and business services .................... 17.29 17.50 17.59 17.70 582.67 598.50 599.82 603.57

Education and health services ............................. 15.86 16.25 16.28 16.29 512.28 528.13 529.10 529.43

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 8.94 9.01 9.06 9.17 225.29 230.66 230.12 233.84

Other services ......................................................... 13.88 13.97 14.04 14.11 430.28 433.07 433.84 437.41

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p= preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total private:

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Percent

change from:

Nov. 2004-

Dec. 2004p

Current dollars .............................................. $15.45 $15.76 $15.78 $15.82 $15.84 $15.86 0.1

2 Constant (1982) dollars .............................. 8.30 8.26 8.25 8.22 8.22 N.A. 3( )

Goods-producing .......................................................... 16.97 17.24 17.30 17.33 17.35 17.38 .2

Natural resources and mining .............................................. 17.91 18.12 18.11 18.19 18.32 18.34 .1

Construction ............................................................................ 19.04 19.25 19.27 19.33 19.34 19.34 .0

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 15.93 16.23 16.29 16.29 16.30 16.36 .4

4 Excluding overtime .................................................... 15.09 15.37 15.42 15.43 15.44 15.50 .4

Durable goods ..................................................................... 16.64 16.90 16.98 16.99 17.00 17.07 .4

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 14.81 15.15 15.19 15.16 15.18 15.20 .1

Private service-providing ............................................. 15.05 15.36 15.38 15.41 15.43 15.46 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 14.41 14.73 14.74 14.77 14.79 14.82 .2

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 17.46 17.70 17.74 17.80 17.81 17.84 .2

Retail trade ........................................................................... 11.95 12.16 12.17 12.17 12.22 12.23 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 16.33 16.99 16.91 16.97 16.97 17.04 .4

Utilities ................................................................................... 25.13 25.54 25.73 25.95 25.85 25.95 .4

Information ............................................................................... 20.99 21.53 21.61 21.60 21.58 21.78 .9

Financial activities .................................................................. 17.30 17.58 17.61 17.68 17.65 17.70 .3

Professional and business services .................................... 17.25 17.56 17.52 17.59 17.62 17.65 .2

Education and health services ............................................. 15.81 16.19 16.23 16.24 16.27 16.26 -.1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 8.84 8.91 8.95 8.99 9.02 9.03 .1

Other services ......................................................................... 13.80 13.92 13.95 13.99 14.02 14.03 .1

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the 

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and rate of time and one-half.

Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. N.A. = not available.

3 Change was .0 percent from Oct. 2004 to Nov. 2004, the p = preliminary.

latest month available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Percent

change from:

Nov. 2004-

Dec. 2004p

Total private ....................................... 98.9 101.8 101.6 101.8 98.4 100.4 100.8 101.1 100.9 101.3 0.4

Goods-producing .......................................... 95.3 99.4 98.5 97.7 95.2 97.4 97.4 97.3 97.2 97.3 .1

Natural resources and mining .............................. 96.9 108.1 108.1 105.7 97.1 103.8 105.0 104.5 105.7 106.4 .7

Construction ............................................................ 94.9 107.8 104.6 100.8 98.2 100.9 101.9 102.3 102.9 103.2 .3

Manufacturing ......................................................... 95.4 95.2 95.2 96.0 93.6 95.4 95.0 94.6 94.3 94.3 .0

Durable goods ..................................................... 95.9 96.0 95.9 97.5 94.1 96.1 95.7 95.6 95.2 95.5 .3

Wood products .................................................. 98.9 101.2 99.8 99.0 99.2 101.0 99.3 99.9 99.2 99.3 .1

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 91.5 100.7 99.6 97.0 93.6 97.4 98.2 98.0 98.2 98.4 .2

Primary metals .................................................. 93.6 92.5 93.4 94.9 91.7 93.4 92.7 93.0 93.1 92.9 -.2

Fabricated metal products .............................. 97.4 99.1 98.8 100.3 95.0 98.6 98.7 98.4 97.9 98.4 .5

Machinery .......................................................... 95.7 97.4 98.3 99.8 93.5 98.6 98.6 98.3 98.0 97.5 -.5

Computer and electronic products ................ 92.0 92.2 91.7 93.1 89.4 92.7 92.2 91.8 90.6 91.0 .4

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 93.3 89.3 89.3 88.6 90.0 90.2 89.1 88.5 88.0 86.5 -1.7

Transportation equipment ............................... 99.8 97.2 97.1 100.1 96.8 97.5 96.8 96.9 96.2 96.9 .7

Furniture and related products ....................... 96.0 92.6 94.3 97.0 94.1 94.7 94.0 93.5 94.2 94.9 .7

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 93.4 91.3 91.8 93.6 91.6 91.5 91.0 90.9 90.8 91.6 .9

Nondurable goods ............................................... 94.6 94.0 93.7 93.8 93.2 93.9 93.7 92.9 92.6 92.4 -.2

Food manufacturing ......................................... 99.1 100.0 99.7 99.1 97.1 98.0 98.1 97.1 97.1 96.9 -.2

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 85.8 90.9 93.5 89.4 87.4 91.6 91.8 89.7 93.2 90.5 -2.9

Textile mills ........................................................ 81.0 76.3 76.1 76.2 80.4 78.8 77.5 77.0 75.9 75.5 -.5

Textile product mills ......................................... 93.6 92.9 93.1 93.1 91.9 92.1 93.4 93.4 93.2 91.9 -1.4

Apparel ............................................................... 76.9 73.0 71.7 72.3 77.6 75.2 75.1 72.7 71.7 72.4 1.0

Leather and allied products ............................ 92.5 91.4 93.0 85.7 92.2 87.5 89.0 91.0 92.3 87.6 -5.1

Paper and paper products .............................. 93.8 92.1 91.7 93.5 91.5 92.5 91.3 91.4 90.5 90.5 .0

Printing and related support activities ........... 95.2 93.8 94.4 94.9 93.6 93.6 92.8 92.8 93.1 92.9 -.2

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 96.1 108.9 109.5 106.6 97.8 109.9 109.4 107.0 108.4 107.5 -.8

Chemicals .......................................................... 99.4 98.6 98.6 99.3 98.6 99.8 100.0 99.5 98.6 98.7 .1

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 95.7 94.3 93.7 94.4 94.0 94.8 94.3 93.8 93.1 93.2 .1

Private service-providing ............................. 99.9 102.5 102.5 102.9 99.1 101.5 101.9 102.2 102.1 102.5 .4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 101.4 100.3 101.5 103.2 98.0 99.5 99.9 100.1 100.0 99.9 -.1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 97.5 99.2 99.3 99.3 97.4 98.4 99.2 99.2 99.2 99.5 .3

Retail trade ........................................................... 103.7 99.8 101.6 104.8 98.3 99.3 99.6 99.7 99.5 99.6 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 99.7 104.1 104.6 104.9 97.6 101.6 102.8 102.8 102.6 102.2 -.4

Utilities ................................................................... 96.8 96.9 96.4 95.3 97.2 96.8 98.0 96.3 95.9 95.8 -.1

Information ............................................................... 97.7 101.1 101.9 101.5 97.5 100.9 101.1 101.5 101.7 101.8 .1

Financial activities .................................................. 100.2 102.4 102.6 103.2 100.7 102.0 102.3 103.1 103.0 103.6 .6

Professional and business services .................... 98.4 105.4 104.7 103.9 98.7 103.0 104.2 104.3 104.1 104.2 .1

Education and health services ............................. 102.8 105.2 105.7 105.7 102.1 103.8 104.1 104.5 104.4 104.9 .5

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 96.4 101.4 99.0 99.2 100.2 101.6 101.7 102.2 102.5 103.0 .5

Other services ......................................................... 95.4 96.4 96.4 96.6 95.4 97.0 96.9 96.7 96.8 97.0 .2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates

p = preliminary. are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production or

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by nonsupervisory worker employment.

dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2003

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Dec.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Nov.

2004p

Dec.

2004p

Percent

change from:

Nov. 2004-

Dec. 2004p

Total private ....................................... 102.4 107.8 107.9 108.2 101.7 105.8 106.4 107.0 107.0 107.5 0.5

Goods-producing .......................................... 99.4 105.9 104.9 104.3 98.9 102.8 103.2 103.3 103.2 103.5 .3

Natural resources and mining .............................. 101.2 114.0 115.2 113.2 101.1 109.4 110.6 110.6 112.6 113.5 .8

Construction ............................................................ 97.9 113.3 109.4 105.3 100.9 104.9 106.0 106.8 107.5 107.7 .2

Manufacturing ......................................................... 100.1 101.3 101.6 103.4 97.5 101.2 101.3 100.8 100.5 100.9 .4

Durable goods ..................................................... 100.5 101.8 102.1 104.8 97.8 101.4 101.5 101.4 101.0 101.7 .7

Nondurable goods ............................................... 99.5 100.4 100.5 101.0 97.5 100.6 100.5 99.5 99.3 99.2 -.1

Private service-providing ............................. 103.4 108.5 108.8 109.4 102.5 107.1 107.7 108.2 108.2 108.9 .6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 103.5 105.8 106.9 108.4 100.7 104.6 105.1 105.5 105.5 105.6 .1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 100.3 103.8 104.2 104.3 100.2 102.6 103.7 104.0 104.1 104.6 .5

Retail trade ........................................................... 105.5 104.2 106.1 109.0 100.7 103.5 103.9 104.0 104.3 104.4 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 103.3 112.2 112.8 113.7 101.1 109.5 110.2 110.7 110.5 110.5 .0

Utilities ................................................................... 102.0 105.2 104.6 103.6 101.9 103.2 105.3 104.4 103.4 103.8 .4

Information ............................................................... 102.1 108.5 109.5 109.9 101.3 107.5 108.1 108.5 108.7 109.8 1.0

Financial activities .................................................. 106.9 111.8 111.7 112.6 107.7 110.9 111.4 112.7 112.4 113.4 .9

Professional and business services .................... 101.2 109.8 109.6 109.5 101.3 107.6 108.6 109.1 109.1 109.5 .4

Education and health services ............................. 107.2 112.4 113.1 113.2 106.1 110.4 111.0 111.6 111.6 112.2 .5

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 100.4 106.6 104.6 106.1 103.3 105.5 106.1 107.2 107.8 108.5 .6

Other services ......................................................... 96.4 98.1 98.6 99.3 96.0 98.4 98.5 98.5 98.9 99.1 .2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates

p = preliminary. are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly 

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated hours, and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. 

by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by 
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time Span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries 1

Over 1-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 61.9 62.9 63.3 59.5 46.9 61.7 63.1 52.5 51.1 53.4 56.8 53.8

2001 ........................................................ 52.2 47.8 50.4 34.4 41.4 39.2 37.1 38.8 38.3 32.4 36.7 34.9

2002 ........................................................ 40.1 35.1 41.0 41.5 41.7 47.8 44.1 44.1 42.8 39.0 38.7 34.5

2003 ........................................................ 41.2 35.1 38.1 41.4 42.8 40.1 40.5 39.7 49.3 46.0 51.1 49.1

2004 ........................................................ 52.3 56.1 68.7 67.6 63.8 60.6 55.2 56.3 56.8 58.3 p 57.4 p 57.6

Over 3-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 69.2 66.2 67.8 68.3 60.1 58.1 56.3 61.5 56.5 53.2 52.9 56.8

2001 ........................................................ 52.7 50.4 50.4 43.5 38.8 34.9 36.2 37.9 34.7 35.3 30.8 32.0

2002 ........................................................ 34.0 37.4 35.1 36.2 36.7 39.4 39.9 40.8 38.7 37.1 34.4 34.7

2003 ........................................................ 36.5 32.6 36.3 35.1 40.5 42.6 37.4 35.4 40.1 45.5 50.5 51.1

2004 ........................................................ 54.0 55.2 62.8 70.0 74.5 68.7 64.6 57.2 60.6 57.7 p 58.6 p 58.1

Over 6-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 67.3 69.1 72.5 72.5 67.4 67.8 66.7 60.8 59.0 55.0 59.7 54.0

2001 ........................................................ 51.8 50.0 51.8 47.3 43.5 41.5 38.1 35.4 32.2 33.1 31.5 31.1

2002 ........................................................ 29.5 30.0 31.1 31.1 31.7 37.1 37.2 39.0 34.7 36.5 35.3 33.3

2003 ........................................................ 33.6 31.1 31.7 31.7 33.5 37.8 36.2 36.5 40.5 39.4 42.6 41.7

2004 ........................................................ 48.9 54.1 59.5 64.7 67.8 71.2 68.3 71.6 67.1 65.1 p 61.0 p 56.3

Over 12-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 70.9 69.2 73.2 71.0 69.8 71.0 70.0 70.3 70.3 65.6 63.8 62.1

2001 ........................................................ 59.5 59.5 53.4 49.3 48.6 45.0 43.3 43.9 39.9 37.8 37.1 34.9

2002 ........................................................ 33.6 31.7 30.2 30.4 30.2 29.1 32.0 31.3 30.0 29.5 32.9 34.7

2003 ........................................................ 34.5 31.5 32.9 33.5 36.2 34.4 34.7 33.1 37.6 37.4 33.1 35.4

2004 ........................................................ 37.8 43.2 47.3 50.7 54.9 60.3 64.0 63.8 65.3 66.5 p 68.7 p 66.5

Over 1-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 48.2 58.3 50.0 50.0 41.1 57.1 60.7 28.6 25.0 35.1 39.9 41.1

2001 ........................................................ 22.6 22.0 21.4 16.1 15.5 23.2 13.7 14.3 19.0 17.9 14.9 10.1

2002 ........................................................ 21.4 18.5 23.8 35.1 29.8 32.7 40.5 28.0 31.0 11.9 15.5 17.9

2003 ........................................................ 26.2 15.5 22.6 13.7 26.2 25.0 28.0 26.2 27.4 28.6 51.2 45.8

2004 ........................................................ 42.9 55.4 60.1 66.1 64.9 52.4 57.1 48.2 44.0 47.6 p 47.6 p 51.2

Over 3-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 53.6 53.6 56.0 54.8 44.0 44.0 51.2 47.6 32.7 25.0 23.2 38.7

2001 ........................................................ 35.7 21.4 16.1 14.3 13.1 13.7 11.9 8.9 8.3 13.1 8.9 10.1

2002 ........................................................ 9.5 10.1 11.3 17.9 17.3 19.0 28.0 22.0 23.8 15.5 6.5 4.8

2003 ........................................................ 13.7 13.1 16.7 10.1 13.1 14.9 16.1 16.1 16.1 24.4 27.4 41.7

2004 ........................................................ 48.8 51.8 59.5 66.1 71.4 65.5 65.5 51.8 53.0 43.5 p 44.6 p 42.3

Over 6-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 44.0 52.4 55.4 57.7 47.6 51.8 56.0 45.2 39.3 34.5 32.1 27.4

2001 ........................................................ 22.0 23.8 22.0 20.8 14.3 13.7 14.3 10.1 10.7 5.4 7.1 4.8

2002 ........................................................ 6.5 8.9 7.7 8.3 7.7 14.3 14.9 10.7 12.5 10.1 8.9 8.9

2003 ........................................................ 11.3 9.5 6.0 7.1 8.9 13.1 8.9 13.1 13.1 16.7 19.0 19.6

2004 ........................................................ 28.6 36.9 46.4 56.5 61.3 64.9 66.7 66.1 58.3 54.8 p 45.2 p 46.4

Over 12-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 41.7 39.3 47.0 50.0 46.4 52.4 51.8 49.4 46.4 40.5 35.1 33.3

2001 ........................................................ 29.8 32.1 20.8 19.0 13.1 12.5 10.7 11.9 11.9 10.1 8.3 6.0

2002 ........................................................ 7.1 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.1 3.6 4.8 6.0 4.8 7.1 4.8 8.3

2003 ........................................................ 10.7 6.0 6.5 5.4 8.3 9.5 9.5 9.5 10.7 11.9 9.5 11.3

2004 ........................................................ 9.5 19.0 16.7 26.2 29.8 40.5 50.0 50.6 52.4 55.4 p 52.4 p 48.2

Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries 1

1Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,

spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with

p= preliminary. increasing and decreasing employment. 

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment