1

Technical information: (202) 691-6392

http://www.bls.gov/mls/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 03-394

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT

Thursday, July 24, 2003

MASS LAYOFFS IN JUNE 2003

Employers initiated 1,691 mass layoff actions in June 2003, as measured by new filings for unemployment

insurance benefits during the month, according to data from the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor

Statistics. Each action involved at least 50 persons from a single establishment, and the number of workers

involved totaled 157,595. (See table 1.) Elementary and secondary schools, with 17,369 claims, accounted

for over 11 percent of all initial claims in June. (See table A.) Compared with June 2002, the number of

layoff events increased, while the number of workers involved declined. June 2003 marks the 13th

consecutive month in which mass-layoff initial claims declined over the year. Through the first half of 2003,

the total number of events, at 9,850, was higher than for the same period a year ago; in contrast, the number

of initial claims, at 955,780, was lower. (See table B.)

The monthly data series in this release cover mass layoffs of 50 or more workers beginning in a given

month, regardless of the duration of the layoffs. Information on the length of the layoff is obtained later and

issued in a quarterly release that reports on mass layoffs lasting more than 30 days (referred to as “extended

mass layoffs”). That quarterly release provides more information on the industry classification and location of

the establishment and on the demographics of the laid-off workers. Because monthly figures include shortterm layoffs of 30 days or less, the sum of the figures for the 3 months in a quarter will be higher than the

quarterly figure for mass layoffs of more than 30 days. (See table 1.) See the Technical Note for more

detailed definitions.

Industry Distribution

The manufacturing sector accounted for 23 percent of all mass layoff events and 26 percent of all initial

claims filed in June, little changed from a year ago (21 and 26 percent, respectively). Within manufacturing,

the number of claimants was highest in transportation equipment (6,367, mainly automotive-related), followed

by food production (5,829, mostly in fruit and vegetable processing). (See table 2.)

The administrative and waste services sector accounted for 10 percent of events and initial claims filed in

June, with layoffs mostly in temporary help services. Layoffs in temporary help services this June, at 8,936,

were exceeded only in June 2000 (13,815). (The series began in 1995.) Transportation and warehousing

accounted for 8 percent of events and 10 percent of initial claims during the month, almost entirely in school

and employee bus transportation. Seven percent of the events and initial claims were from the healthcare and

social assistance sector, largely child daycare services. Five percent of all layoff events and 6 percent of

initial claims filed during this June were in accommodations and food services, primarily among food service

contractors. An additional 6 percent of events and initial claims were from the retail trade sector, mostly

from general merchandise stores.
2

Table A. Industries with largest mass layoff initial claims in June 2003

Year Initial claims

June peak

Industry Initial claims

Elementary and secondary schools ....................... 17,369 2003 17,369

School and employee bus transportation............... 12,716 2002 15,668

Temporary help services....................................... 8,936 2000 13,815

Food service contractors...................................... 6,208 1999 6,410

Child day care services ........................................ 6,129 1995 8,779

Motion picture and video production.................... 3,057 2000 9,435

Tire manufacturing, except retreading .................. 2,260 2001 3,555

Executive and legislative offices ............................ 2,224 2003 2,224

Professional employer organizations ...................... 2,165 2001 3,358

Other social advocacy organizations ..................... 2,057 2000 3,815

p=preliminary.

p

Government establishments accounted for 17 percent of events and 16 percent of initial claims filed

during the month, particularly in educational services, as the school year ended. The 25,376 initial claims in

this sector were the most for any June since the series began in 1995.

Compared with June 2002, the largest decreases in initial claims were reported in professional and

technical services (-5,545), transit and ground passenger transportation (-3,647), and electrical equipment

and appliance manufacturing (-3,193). The largest over-the-year increase in initial claims was reported in

educational services (+5,370).

Geographic Distribution

Among the four regions, the highest number of initial claims in June due to mass layoffs was reported in

the West, 53,725. (See table 3.) Educational services and administrative and support services accounted

for 36 percent of all initial claims in that region during the month. The South followed, with 41,019 initial

claims, then the Midwest, with 33,819, and the Northeast, with 29,032.

The number of initial claimants in mass layoffs declined over the year in three of the four regions, with the

largest decrease in the West (-3,998). The South had the only over-the-year increase (+3,460). Five of the

nine geographic divisions had over-the-year decreases in the number of initial claims associated with mass

layoffs, with the largest declines in the East North Central (-3,341) and Pacific (-2,795). The East South

Central (+1,560) and South Atlantic (+1,256) divisions had the largest increases.

California recorded the largest number of initial claims filed in mass layoff events this June, 42,918, mostly

in educational services and in administrative and support services. Pennsylvania reported 9,665 initial claims,

followed by New Jersey (9,441), Florida (8,488), Texas (8,462), and Ohio (8,361). These six states

accounted for 58 percent of all layoff events and 55 percent of initial claims for unemployment insurance.

(See table 4.)

Wisconsin reported the largest over-the-year decrease in the number of initial claims (-2,435). The

largest over-the-year increase occurred in Ohio (+3,114).
3

p=preliminary.

Table B. Number of mass layoff events and initial claimants for

unemployment insurance, January-June 1996-2003

Year Layoff events

Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

1996 ............................... 6,600 653,184

1997 ............................... 7,336 735,181

1998 ............................... 7,733 838,886

1999 ............................... 7,810 779,259

2000 ............................... 7,470 819,545

2001 ............................... 9,541 1,134,173

2002 ............................... 9,802 1,071,937

2003 ............................... 9,850 955,780

Review of January through June 2003

During the first half of 2003, the nation experienced 9,850 mass layoff events, resulting in 955,780 initial

claims filings for unemployment insurance. The number of events was the highest for any January-June period

since such data became available in 1996. The number of initial claimants during January-June 2003 was

lower than it had been in 2001 and 2002. (See table B.)

Manufacturing accounted for 31 percent of all mass layoff events and 36 percent of initial claims filed thus

far this year, about the same as a year earlier. Initial claim filings within manufacturing were most numerous in

transportation equipment (62,831), followed by food production (43,142), computer and electronic products

(28,622), and machinery (27,539).

The number of mass-layoff initial claims filed in January-June 2003 was higher in the West (317,281)

than in any other region. Layoffs in administrative and support services and in motion picture and sound

recording accounted for 25 percent of the claims in the West. The fewest number of mass-layoff initial

claims was reported in the Northeast region (169,912). Over the year, the largest decreases in mass-layoff

initial claims occurred in the West (-47,372), followed closely by the Midwest (-41,648). The Northeast

reported the only over-the-year increase (+5,567).

Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, California had the largest number of initial claims filed

in mass layoff events for the first half of the year (279,240) and accounted for 26 percent of the national

total. California reported the largest over-the-year decrease in initial claims (-31,383), followed by Illinois

(-18,500). New York had the largest over-the-year increase (+18,192).

The report on Extended Mass Layoffs in the Second Quarter of 2003 will be issued on Wednesday,

August 20, 2003.

______________________________

p
Technical Note

The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state

program that uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying,

describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data

from each state’s unemployment insurance database. Each month,

states report on establishments which have at least 50 initial claims

filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period. These

establishments then are contacted by the state agency to determine

whether these separations lasted 31 days or longer, and, if so, other

information concerning the layoff is collected. States report on layoffs

lasting more than 1 month on a quarterly basis.

A given month contains an aggregation of the weekly unemployment

insurance claims filings for the Sunday through Saturday weeks in that

month. All weeks are included for the particular month, except if the

first day of the month falls on Saturday. In this case, the week is

included in the prior month's tabulations. This means that some

months will contain 4 weeks and others 5 weeks, and the number of

weeks in a given month may be different from year to year. Therefore,

analysis of over-the-month and over-the-year change should take this

calendar effect into consideration.

The MLS program resumed operations in April 1995 after it

had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. Prior

to April 1995, monthly layoff statistics were not available.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory

impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200;

TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Definitions

Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent

period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of

eligibility.

Mass layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment

insurance benefits filed against an establishment during a 5-week

period, regardless of duration.
Table 1. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, April 2001 to June 2003

Date

Total mass layoffs Extended mass layoffs 

lasting more than 30 days Realization rates1

Events Initial

claimants Events Initial

claimants Events Initial

claimants

2001

April ............................................................................. 1,450 176,265 

May ............................................................................. 1,434 159,365 

June ............................................................................ 2,107 253,826 

Second Quarter .......................................................... 4,991 589,456 2,072 401,270 41.5 68.1 

July ............................................................................. 2,117 273,807 

August ......................................................................... 1,490 166,148 

September .................................................................. 1,327 160,402 

Third Quarter .............................................................. 4,934 600,357 1,815 370,942 36.8 61.8 

October ....................................................................... 1,831 215,483 

November ................................................................... 2,721 295,956 

December ................................................................... 2,440 268,893 

Fourth Quarter ............................................................ 6,992 780,332 2,698 502,724 38.6 64.4 

2002

January ....................................................................... 2,146 263,821 

February ..................................................................... 1,383 138,984 

March .......................................................................... 1,460 161,336 

First Quarter ................................................................ 4,989 564,141 1,747 315,781 35.0 56.0 

April ............................................................................. 1,507 165,861 

May ............................................................................. 1,726 180,007 

June ............................................................................ 1,580 161,928 

Second Quarter .......................................................... 4,813 507,796 1,905 352,807 39.6 69.5 

July ............................................................................. 2,041 245,211 

August ......................................................................... 1,247 128,080 

September .................................................................. 1,062 124,512 

Third Quarter .............................................................. 4,350 497,803 1,382 278,483 31.8 55.9 

October ....................................................................... 1,497 171,088 

November ................................................................... 2,150 240,028 

December ................................................................... 2,470 263,775 

Fourth Quarter ............................................................ 6,117 674,891 2,259 421,669 36.9 62.5 

2003

January ....................................................................... 2,315 225,415 

February ..................................................................... 1,363 124,977 

March .......................................................................... 1,206 112,914 

First Quarter ................................................................ 4,884 463,306 2, p1,508 2, p210,674 p30.9 p45.5

April 3 ......................................................................... 1,576 161,095 

May 3, p ....................................................................... 1,699 173,784 

June p

 ......................................................................... 1,691 157,595 

Second Quarter 3, p ..................................................... 4,966 492,474 

 1 The event realization rate is the percentage of total mass layoff that the number of extended mass layoff events is generally revised

events lasting more than 30 days. The initial claimant realization rate upwards by less than 10 percent and the number of initial claimants

is the percentage of total mass-layoff initial claimants associated with associated with such events increases by 25-40 percent.

layoffs lasting more than 30 days. 3 For April and May 2003, data were reported by all states and the 

 2 These quarterly numbers are provisional and will increase as more District of Columbia, except Wyoming.

data on these layoffs become avaliable. Recent experience suggests p = preliminary.
Table 2. Industry distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance

Industry

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

June April May June June April May June

2002 2003 2003p2003p2002 2003 2003p2003p

 Total1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,580 1,576 1,699 1,691 161,928 161,095 173,784 157,595 

Total, private ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,356 1,529 1,587 1,397 142,567 157,244 163,626 132,219 

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting ..................................................................................................................................................................... 92 64 53 61 6,256 4,624 3,299 4,442 

 Mining ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 ( 2

 ) 9 4 1,210 ( 2 ) 1,749 602 

 Utilities ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 5 7 3 303 326 529 315 

 Construction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 84 150 159 95 5,809 10,042 13,279 6,238 

 Manufacturing..................................................................................................................................................................... 336 500 497 389 42,117 62,429 61,174 40,845 

 Food ..................................................................................................................................................................... 49 85 69 59 5,851 8,468 7,592 5,829 

 Beverage and tobacco products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 7 5 ( 2

 ) 452 450 548 ( 2 ) 

 Textile mills ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 17 21 18 1,118 2,725 2,204 1,970 

 Textile product mills ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 9 10 10 663 697 948 1,581 

 Apparel ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 19 31 19 1,363 2,385 3,705 1,584 

 Leather and allied products ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 5 7 6 ( 2 ) 398 544 692 

 Wood products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 30 24 9 2,359 2,858 2,361 711 

 Paper ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 14 15 9 1,078 1,083 1,072 1,202 

 Printing and related support activities ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 8 16 14 1,057 848 1,249 1,053 

 Petroleum and coal products ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) – 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – 190 ( 2 ) 

 Chemicals ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 6 8 9 606 1,752 930 878 

 Plastics and rubber products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 24 21 19 898 3,789 1,439 3,233 

 Nonmetallic mineral products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 14 13 10 754 1,190 1,080 828 

 Primary metals ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 27 27 29 2,681 3,195 3,920 2,226 

 Fabricated metal products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 35 34 23 2,103 2,478 2,957 1,728 

 Machinery ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27 35 39 30 4,543 4,368 6,179 3,062 

 Computer and electronic products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 36 53 46 35 2,959 4,985 4,029 3,464 

 Electrical equipment and appliances ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25 17 20 13 5,281 1,836 3,665 2,088 

 Transportation equipment ..................................................................................................................................................................... 34 67 52 51 5,594 15,454 13,288 6,367 

 Furniture and related products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 22 21 15 2,005 2,829 1,985 1,363 

 Miscellaneous manufacturing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 6 15 6 527 641 1,289 572 

 Wholesale trade ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 31 31 25 2,165 2,425 2,431 1,597 

 Retail trade ..................................................................................................................................................................... 83 121 118 100 7,257 11,656 12,190 9,640 

 Transportation and warehousing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 141 132 80 135 18,068 14,386 7,755 15,035 

 Information ..................................................................................................................................................................... 42 51 63 54 4,210 11,131 8,819 5,954 

 Finance and insurance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35 34 31 23 2,431 2,061 2,414 1,730 

 Real estate and rental and leasing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 10 5 7 602 569 478 485 

 Professional and technical services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 36 60 65 36 8,902 5,852 5,542 3,357 

 Management of companies and enterprises ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ( 2

 ) 5 4 621 ( 2 ) 369 725 

 Administrative and waste services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 165 186 203 175 14,236 16,593 19,518 15,596 

 Educational services.................................................................................................................. 18 6 8 12 1,128 463 536 961 

 Health care and social assistance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 117 24 83 123 10,987 1,695 6,948 10,245 

 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29 33 32 25 1,983 2,551 2,293 1,383 

 Accommodation and food services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 80 95 98 83 9,966 8,014 10,068 9,979 

 Other services, except public administration..................................................................................................................................................................... 49 17 38 41 3,976 1,504 4,090 2,937 

 Unclassified ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 5 2 2 340 389 145 153 

Government ..................................................................................................................................................................... 224 47 112 294 19,361 3,851 10,158 25,376 

 Federal ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 4 14 9 1,791 318 1,736 841 

 State ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 13 17 22 1,665 1,470 1,454 1,699 

 Local ..................................................................................................................................................................... 195 30 81 263 15,905 2,063 6,968 22,836 

 

1

 For April and May 2003, data were reported by all states and the District of p = preliminary.

 Columbia, except Wyoming. NOTE: Industry data reflect the North American Industry

 

2

 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. Classification System (NAICS), 2002. Dash represents zero.
Table 3. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by census region and division

Census region and division

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

June April May June June April May June

2002 2003 2003p2003p2002 2003 2003p2003p

 United States1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,580 1,576 1,699 1,691 161,928 161,095 173,784 157,595 

Northeast ..................................................................................................................................................................... 258 326 274 275 30,153 30,892 27,071 29,032 

 New England ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57 59 32 55 6,746 6,214 2,888 5,732 

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................................................................................................................................... 201 267 242 220 23,407 24,678 24,183 23,300 

South ..................................................................................................................................................................... 380 323 446 461 37,559 34,922 48,321 41,019 

 South Atlantic ..................................................................................................................................................................... 197 151 214 243 17,657 14,851 21,217 18,913 

 East South Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 67 74 74 78 7,935 9,550 7,645 9,495 

 West South Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 116 98 158 140 11,967 10,521 19,459 12,611 

Midwest ..................................................................................................................................................................... 311 334 373 310 36,493 43,466 46,401 33,819 

 East North Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 238 271 271 238 27,739 36,974 34,240 24,398 

 West North Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 73 63 102 72 8,754 6,492 12,161 9,421 

West1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 631 593 606 645 57,723 51,815 51,991 53,725 

 Mountain1

 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 59 68 58 68 7,073 6,109 5,684 5,870 

 Pacific ..................................................................................................................................................................... 572 525 548 577 50,650 45,706 46,307 47,855 

 

 

1

 See footnote 1, table 2. Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central:

 

 

p

 = preliminary. Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, 

 NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, 

the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, 

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, 

Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, 

Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

 
Table 4. State distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance

State

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

June April May June June April May June

2002 2003 2003p2003p2002 2003 2003p2003p

 Total1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,580 1,576 1,699 1,691 161,928 161,095 173,784 157,595 

Alabama ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24 24 21 21 3,415 4,048 1,996 3,882 

Alaska ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 6 ( 2

 ) 4 401 489 ( 2 ) 439 

Arizona ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 22 19 17 2,576 2,193 1,846 1,282 

Arkansas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 3 4 9 210 326 266 653 

California ..................................................................................................................................................................... 507 455 502 526 43,520 39,040 41,857 42,918 

Colorado ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 14 7 11 277 1,318 721 884 

Connecticut ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14 3 5 9 2,018 206 403 1,296 

Delaware ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 3 ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 180 ( 2 ) 266 

District of Columbia ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

Florida ..................................................................................................................................................................... 104 64 100 117 7,222 4,451 8,078 8,488 

Georgia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 31 38 43 2,966 4,299 3,807 3,641 

Hawaii ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 8 6 7 ( 2 ) 621 554 525 

Idaho ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 8 11 8 1,571 778 1,444 629 

Illinois ..................................................................................................................................................................... 58 64 70 44 6,074 7,210 9,525 4,231 

Indiana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27 37 34 36 4,628 6,826 4,685 3,912 

Iowa ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 13 27 10 1,615 1,249 4,582 1,186 

Kansas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 5 7 11 439 406 811 2,198 

Kentucky ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 29 25 28 2,252 4,186 3,100 3,087 

Louisiana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 28 20 22 28 2,757 2,777 2,005 2,308 

Maine ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 6 4 6 225 575 265 388 

Maryland ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 9 8 11 1,095 859 969 950 

Massachusetts ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 29 16 32 1,851 3,307 1,734 3,230 

Michigan ..................................................................................................................................................................... 50 32 36 39 5,002 4,704 6,599 3,541 

Minnesota ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19 21 22 20 2,900 2,848 2,119 1,898 

Mississippi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 9 10 7 405 547 717 547 

Missouri ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26 18 28 25 2,665 1,441 3,044 3,730 

Montana ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 4 3 8 ( 2 ) 443 236 528 

Nebraska ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 4 9 4 429 348 702 267 

Nevada ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 13 14 14 1,933 961 1,099 1,597 

New Hampshire ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 3 ( 2

 ) 3 1,229 205 ( 2 ) 296 

New Jersey ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57 47 22 69 9,137 4,523 1,915 9,441 

New Mexico ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 3 ( 2

 ) 6 168 178 ( 2 ) 648 

New York ..................................................................................................................................................................... 40 91 110 46 3,072 9,151 11,375 4,194 

North Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 21 27 24 1,771 1,990 2,790 1,918 

North Dakota ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 ( 2

 ) 5 – 644 ( 2 ) 349 –

Ohio ..................................................................................................................................................................... 46 62 68 72 5,247 10,704 7,098 8,361 

Oklahoma ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 6 23 13 450 1,070 4,653 1,188 

Oregon ..................................................................................................................................................................... 30 22 22 20 3,446 2,238 2,151 2,022 

Pennsylvania ..................................................................................................................................................................... 104 129 110 105 11,198 11,004 10,893 9,665 

Rhode Island ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 9 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 1,246 1,137 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

South Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19 8 11 12 1,848 1,228 1,436 1,039 

South Dakota ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 554 ( 2 ) 

Tennessee ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 12 18 22 1,863 769 1,832 1,979 

Texas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 78 69 109 90 8,550 6,348 12,535 8,462 

Utah ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 4 ( 2

 ) 4 422 238 ( 2 ) 302 

Vermont ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 9 4 ( 2

 ) 177 784 315 ( 2 ) 

Virginia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 13 26 27 2,193 1,719 2,967 2,189 

Washington ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29 34 17 20 3,163 3,318 1,684 1,951 

West Virginia ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

Wisconsin ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57 76 63 47 6,788 7,530 6,333 4,353 

Wyoming ..................................................................................................................................................................... – ( 1

 ) ( 1 ) – – ( 1 ) ( 1 ) –

Puerto Rico ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 13 7 8 998 1,833 1,098 702 

 1 See footnote 1, table 2. p

 = preliminary.

 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero.