For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, October 12, 2021 USDL-21-1830

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2021 

The number of job openings declined to 10.4 million on the last business day of August following a 

series high in July, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires decreased to 6.3 million 

while total separations were little changed at 6.0 million. Within separations, the quits rate increased to a 

series high of 2.9 percent while the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 0.9 percent. This 

release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total 

nonfarm sector, by industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 

Job Openings 

On the last business day of August, the number and rate of job openings decreased to 10.4 million 

(-659,000) and 6.6 percent, respectively. Job openings decreased in several industries with the largest 

decreases in health care and social assistance (-224,000); accommodation and food services (-178,000); 

and state and local government education (-124,000). Job openings increased in federal government 

(+22,000). The number of job openings decreased in the Northeast and Midwest regions. (See table 1.) 

Hires 

In August, the number and rate of hires decreased to 6.3 million (-439,000) and 4.3 percent, 

respectively. Hires decreased in accommodation and food services (-240,000) and in state and local 

government education (-160,000). The number of hires decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 2.) 

 3.0

 3.4

 3.8

 4.2

 4.6

 5.0

 5.4

 5.8

 6.2

 6.6

 7.0

 7.4

Aug-18 Feb-19 Aug-19 Feb-20 Aug-20 Feb-21 Aug-21

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, August 2018 - August 2021

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Aug-18 Feb-19 Aug-19 Feb-20 Aug-20 Feb-21 Aug-21

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted, August 2018 - August 2021
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm.

In August, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 6.0 million and 4.1 percent, 

respectively. The total separations level increased in accommodation and food services (+203,000) and

in state and local government education (+57,000). The total separations level decreased in other 

services (-68,000) and in state and local government, excluding education (-26,000). Total separations

were little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits increased in August to 4.3 million (+242,000). The quits rate increased to a series 

high of 2.9 percent. Quits increased in accommodation and food services (+157,000); wholesale trade 

(+26,000); and state and local government education (+25,000). Quits decreased in real estate and rental 

and leasing (-23,000). The number of quits increased in the South and Midwest regions. (See table 4.)

In August, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.3 million and 0.9

percent, respectively. Layoffs and discharges decreased in other services (-61,000) and in state and local 

government, excluding education (-22,000). Layoffs and discharges increased in state and local 

government education (+19,000). Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all four regions. (See

table 5.)

The number of other separations edged up in August to 390,000 (+49,000). Other separations increased 

in several industries with the largest increases in state and local government education (+13,000); 

information (+11,000); and durable goods manufacturing (+8,000). The other separations level increased 

in the West region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in August 2021, hires totaled 72.6 million and separations totaled 66.7

million, yielding a net employment gain of 5.9 million. These totals include workers who may have been 

hired and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In August, the job openings rate decreased in medium establishments with 50-249 employees. The hires

rate decreased in large establishments with 250-999 employees. The layoffs and discharges rate 

decreased in medium establishments with 50-249 employees. The other separations rate decreased in 

large establishments with 1,000-4,999 employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS 

establishment size class estimates, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.
- 3 -

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for September 2021 are scheduled to be 

released on Friday, November 12, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data

More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including 

information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-ofcovid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,451 11,098 10,439 6,431 6,761 6,322 4,901 5,792 6,003

Total private....................................... 5,751 10,044 9,603 5,847 6,268 6,008 4,504 5,535 5,712

Mining and logging............................. 16 40 36 19 24 25 18 18 19

Construction.................................... 250 347 344 398 377 381 315 383 376

Manufacturing.................................. 478 906 870 402 477 471 352 436 437

Durable goods............................... 250 517 477 224 261 263 197 231 243

Nondurable goods........................... 228 388 393 178 216 208 154 204 194

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,214 1,893 1,995 1,321 1,310 1,371 1,099 1,275 1,370

Wholesale trade............................. 197 261 272 138 183 192 156 162 196

Retail trade................................... 734 1,133 1,186 922 857 911 708 888 953

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 283 500 537 261 271 269 235 226 221

Information...................................... 78 160 154 111 98 97 72 79 84

Financial activities.............................. 290 529 479 232 224 204 212 206 184

Finance and insurance..................... 217 344 308 149 143 132 152 134 126

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 73 185 170 83 80 72 61 73 58

Professional and business services......... 1,155 1,838 1,810 1,355 1,258 1,192 976 1,193 1,126

Education and health services............... 1,177 1,960 1,719 722 783 809 659 696 729

Educational services........................ 101 198 181 98 112 134 61 69 76

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,076 1,762 1,538 624 671 675 598 627 654

Leisure and hospitality........................ 827 1,910 1,709 1,044 1,440 1,207 716 1,009 1,214

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 86 238 215 136 183 189 44 124 126

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 741 1,672 1,494 908 1,258 1,018 672 885 1,088

Other services.................................. 266 459 487 243 277 251 86 240 172

Government....................................... 700 1,055 836 584 494 315 397 258 291

Federal.......................................... 118 120 142 320 48 45 59 40 42

State and local................................. 582 934 694 264 446 269 338 217 249

State and local education.................. 205 412 288 120 290 130 224 69 126

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 376 523 405 144 156 139 113 149 123

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.4 7.0 6.6 4.6 4.6 4.3 3.5 3.9 4.1

Total private....................................... 4.6 7.4 7.1 4.9 5.0 4.8 3.8 4.4 4.6

Mining and logging............................. 2.6 6.0 5.3 3.2 3.8 3.8 3.0 2.7 2.9

Construction.................................... 3.4 4.5 4.4 5.5 5.1 5.1 4.4 5.2 5.1

Manufacturing.................................. 3.8 6.8 6.5 3.3 3.8 3.8 2.9 3.5 3.5

Durable goods............................... 3.2 6.3 5.8 3.0 3.4 3.4 2.6 3.0 3.1

Nondurable goods........................... 4.7 7.7 7.7 3.9 4.6 4.4 3.4 4.4 4.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.4 6.5 6.8 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.1 4.7 5.0

Wholesale trade............................. 3.4 4.4 4.5 2.5 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.8 3.4

Retail trade................................... 4.7 6.9 7.2 6.1 5.6 5.9 4.7 5.8 6.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 4.5 7.3 7.8 4.3 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.5

Information...................................... 2.9 5.5 5.3 4.2 3.6 3.5 2.7 2.9 3.0

Financial activities.............................. 3.2 5.7 5.1 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.1

Finance and insurance..................... 3.2 5.0 4.5 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.0 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 3.2 7.5 6.9 3.8 3.5 3.1 2.8 3.2 2.5

Professional and business services......... 5.5 8.1 7.9 6.8 6.0 5.7 4.9 5.7 5.4

Education and health services............... 4.9 7.7 6.8 3.1 3.3 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.1

Educational services........................ 2.8 5.2 4.8 2.8 3.1 3.7 1.8 1.9 2.1

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.2 8.1 7.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................ 6.0 11.2 10.1 8.1 9.5 7.9 5.5 6.6 8.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 5.0 10.2 9.2 8.3 8.7 8.9 2.7 6.0 5.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 6.1 11.3 10.2 8.0 9.6 7.8 5.9 6.7 8.3

Other services.................................. 4.7 7.4 7.8 4.5 4.8 4.4 1.6 4.2 3.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Government....................................... 3.1 4.6 3.7 2.6 2.2 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.3

Federal.......................................... 3.6 4.0 4.7 10.1 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.4

State and local................................. 3.0 4.6 3.5 1.4 2.3 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.3

State and local education.................. 2.0 3.9 2.7 1.2 2.8 1.3 2.2 0.7 1.2

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 4.1 5.5 4.3 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.4

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

 The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

 The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data

elements.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 

annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 
annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected.

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total............................................... 6,451 9,193 9,483 10,185 11,098 10,439 4.4 6.0 6.1 6.5 7.0 6.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,751 8,263 8,601 9,226 10,044 9,603 4.6 6.3 6.5 6.9 7.4 7.1

Mining and logging......................... 16 23 26 28 40 36 2.6 3.6 4.0 4.3 6.0 5.3

Construction................................ 250 351 317 338 347 344 3.4 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.4

Manufacturing.............................. 478 825 853 880 906 870 3.8 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.8 6.5

Durable goods........................... 250 462 480 494 517 477 3.2 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 5.8

Nondurable goods....................... 228 364 373 386 388 393 4.7 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,214 1,644 1,687 1,943 1,893 1,995 4.4 5.7 5.8 6.6 6.5 6.8

Wholesale trade......................... 197 285 277 274 261 272 3.4 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.5

Retail trade............................... 734 955 1,020 1,195 1,133 1,186 4.7 5.9 6.3 7.2 6.9 7.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 283 404 390 474 500 537 4.5 6.1 5.9 7.0 7.3 7.8

Information.................................. 78 114 140 161 160 154 2.9 4.0 4.9 5.6 5.5 5.3

Financial activities......................... 290 416 392 346 529 479 3.2 4.5 4.3 3.8 5.7 5.1

Finance and insurance................. 217 292 289 246 344 308 3.2 4.3 4.2 3.6 5.0 4.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 73 124 103 100 185 170 3.2 5.2 4.3 4.2 7.5 6.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,155 1,591 1,562 1,719 1,838 1,810 5.5 7.1 7.0 7.6 8.1 7.9

Education and health services........... 1,177 1,529 1,630 1,700 1,960 1,719 4.9 6.1 6.5 6.7 7.7 6.8

Educational services.................... 101 130 169 201 198 181 2.8 3.6 4.6 5.4 5.2 4.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,076 1,400 1,461 1,498 1,762 1,538 5.2 6.5 6.8 7.0 8.1 7.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 827 1,405 1,511 1,685 1,910 1,709 6.0 9.1 9.5 10.2 11.2 10.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 86 247 194 216 238 215 5.0 11.5 9.0 9.6 10.2 9.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 741 1,159 1,317 1,469 1,672 1,494 6.1 8.7 9.6 10.3 11.3 10.2

Other services.............................. 266 364 483 425 459 487 4.7 6.1 8.0 7.0 7.4 7.8

Government................................... 700 930 882 959 1,055 836 3.1 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.6 3.7

Federal...................................... 118 143 126 119 120 142 3.6 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.7

State and local............................. 582 787 756 840 934 694 3.0 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.6 3.5

State and local education.............. 205 288 322 446 412 288 2.0 2.9 3.2 4.3 3.9 2.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 376 500 433 394 523 405 4.1 5.3 4.6 4.2 5.5 4.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,040 1,645 1,694 1,746 2,030 1,802 3.9 5.9 6.0 6.2 7.0 6.3

South........................................... 2,566 3,509 3,594 3,888 4,203 4,077 4.7 6.2 6.3 6.8 7.2 7.0

Midwest........................................ 1,387 2,069 2,064 2,227 2,394 2,168 4.3 6.2 6.2 6.6 7.0 6.4

West............................................ 1,459 1,970 2,131 2,323 2,472 2,393 4.2 5.5 5.9 6.4 6.7 6.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total............................................... 6,431 6,012 6,022 6,827 6,761 6,322 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,847 5,661 5,703 6,398 6,268 6,008 4.9 4.6 4.6 5.2 5.0 4.8

Mining and logging......................... 19 21 23 25 24 25 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8

Construction................................ 398 328 304 371 377 381 5.5 4.4 4.1 5.0 5.1 5.1

Manufacturing.............................. 402 399 427 483 477 471 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.8

Durable goods........................... 224 216 235 280 261 263 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.7 3.4 3.4

Nondurable goods....................... 178 183 192 203 216 208 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,321 1,210 1,271 1,585 1,310 1,371 5.0 4.5 4.7 5.8 4.8 5.0

Wholesale trade......................... 138 170 163 175 183 192 2.5 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3

Retail trade............................... 922 793 832 1,126 857 911 6.1 5.2 5.5 7.3 5.6 5.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 261 246 277 283 271 269 4.3 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.2

Information.................................. 111 101 99 91 98 97 4.2 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.5

Financial activities......................... 232 211 201 209 224 204 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 149 141 130 139 143 132 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 83 70 70 70 80 72 3.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,355 1,056 1,049 1,163 1,258 1,192 6.8 5.1 5.1 5.6 6.0 5.7

Education and health services........... 722 749 760 796 783 809 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4

Educational services.................... 98 88 102 128 112 134 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.6 3.1 3.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 624 661 658 667 671 675 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,044 1,336 1,346 1,392 1,440 1,207 8.1 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.5 7.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 136 187 186 180 183 189 8.3 9.8 9.5 8.8 8.7 8.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 908 1,150 1,160 1,212 1,258 1,018 8.0 9.4 9.3 9.5 9.6 7.8

Other services.............................. 243 249 222 284 277 251 4.5 4.5 4.0 5.0 4.8 4.4

Government................................... 584 351 319 429 494 315 2.6 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.2 1.4

Federal...................................... 320 43 35 36 48 45 10.1 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.6

State and local............................. 264 308 284 393 446 269 1.4 1.6 1.5 2.1 2.3 1.4

State and local education.............. 120 159 180 267 290 130 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.7 2.8 1.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 144 149 104 126 156 139 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,063 961 880 1,021 1,015 961 4.1 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.6

South........................................... 2,463 2,359 2,442 2,647 2,635 2,580 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.8

Midwest........................................ 1,459 1,290 1,278 1,641 1,581 1,305 4.8 4.1 4.1 5.2 5.0 4.1

West............................................ 1,447 1,401 1,421 1,519 1,530 1,476 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total............................................... 4,901 5,803 5,330 5,612 5,792 6,003 3.5 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,504 5,478 5,047 5,350 5,535 5,712 3.8 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6

Mining and logging......................... 18 20 21 19 18 19 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.9

Construction................................ 315 349 334 379 383 376 4.4 4.7 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.1

Manufacturing.............................. 352 427 380 427 436 437 2.9 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.5

Durable goods........................... 197 240 199 237 231 243 2.6 3.2 2.6 3.1 3.0 3.1

Nondurable goods....................... 154 187 181 191 204 194 3.4 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,099 1,313 1,174 1,267 1,275 1,370 4.1 4.8 4.3 4.6 4.7 5.0

Wholesale trade......................... 156 169 142 142 162 196 2.8 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.8 3.4

Retail trade............................... 708 832 768 861 888 953 4.7 5.5 5.0 5.6 5.8 6.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 235 312 264 265 226 221 3.9 5.0 4.2 4.2 3.6 3.5

Information.................................. 72 84 78 88 79 84 2.7 3.1 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.0

Financial activities......................... 212 200 195 203 206 184 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.1

Finance and insurance................. 152 139 135 143 134 126 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 61 61 60 60 73 58 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.2 2.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 976 1,126 969 1,100 1,193 1,126 4.9 5.4 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.4

Education and health services........... 659 721 691 719 696 729 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.1

Educational services.................... 61 92 68 65 69 76 1.8 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 598 628 624 654 627 654 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 716 1,021 987 955 1,009 1,214 5.5 7.2 6.9 6.5 6.6 8.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 44 108 122 120 124 126 2.7 5.7 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 672 913 866 834 885 1,088 5.9 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.7 8.3

Other services.............................. 86 218 216 193 240 172 1.6 3.9 3.9 3.4 4.2 3.0

Government................................... 397 325 284 262 258 291 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3

Federal...................................... 59 38 44 50 40 42 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.4

State and local............................. 338 287 240 212 217 249 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3

State and local education.............. 224 143 104 57 69 126 2.2 1.5 1.1 0.6 0.7 1.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 113 144 136 155 149 123 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 740 838 784 815 918 882 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.3

South........................................... 1,985 2,350 2,119 2,219 2,269 2,366 3.8 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.4

Midwest........................................ 1,083 1,268 1,209 1,296 1,305 1,390 3.5 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.4

West............................................ 1,093 1,347 1,218 1,281 1,300 1,365 3.3 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.0

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total............................................... 2,987 3,992 3,630 3,870 4,028 4,270 2.1 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,764 3,810 3,470 3,713 3,872 4,096 2.3 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3

Mining and logging......................... 6 11 10 12 9 10 1.1 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.6

Construction................................ 95 176 156 185 198 199 1.3 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.7 2.7

Manufacturing.............................. 225 286 245 304 300 306 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.5

Durable goods........................... 124 155 120 163 154 166 1.7 2.0 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 101 132 126 141 146 141 2.2 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 726 947 851 905 954 1,024 2.7 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 87 111 90 105 129 155 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.7

Retail trade............................... 505 629 596 637 682 721 3.4 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 135 206 166 164 143 148 2.2 3.3 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.3

Information.................................. 37 52 45 48 50 44 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.6

Financial activities......................... 128 141 121 127 133 119 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3

Finance and insurance................. 102 102 86 78 79 88 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 26 40 35 49 54 31 1.2 1.8 1.6 2.2 2.4 1.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 546 763 614 684 697 706 2.7 3.7 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.4

Education and health services........... 438 551 523 548 582 579 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.4

Educational services.................... 34 52 51 46 50 45 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 404 499 472 502 532 534 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 502 752 762 772 807 971 3.9 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.3 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 11 57 59 66 72 79 0.7 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 491 695 703 706 735 892 4.3 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.6 6.8

Other services.............................. 61 131 143 128 142 136 1.1 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.4

Government................................... 223 182 160 156 157 175 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

Federal...................................... 20 18 22 25 19 19 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7

State and local............................. 203 165 138 131 137 156 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

State and local education.............. 128 84 64 34 45 70 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 75 81 74 97 92 86 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 404 507 458 531 589 599 1.6 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.2

South........................................... 1,308 1,696 1,487 1,561 1,596 1,722 2.5 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2

Midwest........................................ 660 873 827 889 921 1,015 2.2 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.2

West............................................ 615 916 858 888 921 935 1.9 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total............................................... 1,573 1,450 1,353 1,354 1,423 1,343 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,485 1,365 1,281 1,300 1,368 1,290 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0

Mining and logging......................... 10 7 8 6 7 8 1.7 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.2

Construction................................ 205 158 160 183 167 159 2.8 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 103 112 110 101 118 104 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8

Durable goods........................... 59 65 64 59 67 59 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 43 47 45 42 51 44 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 328 278 278 298 267 278 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

Wholesale trade......................... 62 45 45 26 27 33 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6

Retail trade............................... 177 148 149 189 167 187 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 89 85 84 83 73 58 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9

Information.................................. 30 24 27 30 26 25 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9

Financial activities......................... 55 38 43 42 47 36 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 24 21 24 37 30 16 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 31 17 19 4 17 21 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 376 292 278 307 404 348 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.7

Education and health services........... 177 142 122 115 75 105 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4

Educational services.................... 22 35 14 15 16 27 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 155 107 108 100 59 78 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 186 235 199 160 171 200 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 31 48 55 53 50 44 1.9 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 155 187 144 106 121 155 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.2

Other services.............................. 15 77 57 59 88 27 0.3 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.5

Government................................... 87 86 72 54 55 53 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal...................................... 24 9 9 10 7 8 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local............................. 63 77 63 43 47 45 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education.............. 54 39 27 15 17 36 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 9 38 36 29 31 9 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 284 269 273 216 258 216 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8

South........................................... 549 519 491 518 541 490 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9

Midwest........................................ 351 321 315 324 308 299 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9

West............................................ 388 341 274 295 316 337 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total............................................... 342 360 347 389 341 390 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 255 303 295 337 295 327 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 1 2 3 1 1 1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1

Construction................................ 15 14 19 11 18 18 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 24 28 25 22 18 27 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods........................... 14 21 15 14 10 18 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 10 8 10 8 8 9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 45 88 45 64 54 69 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 7 12 8 12 6 8 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Retail trade............................... 26 55 23 34 38 45 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 11 20 14 17 10 15 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Information.................................. 4 8 6 11 3 14 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.5

Financial activities......................... 30 21 31 34 27 29 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 25 16 25 27 25 22 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 5 4 6 7 2 7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 53 71 76 109 92 72 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3

Education and health services........... 44 28 47 55 38 45 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 5 6 3 4 3 4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 39 22 44 52 36 41 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 28 34 26 24 32 43 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 2 3 7 1 3 3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 26 31 19 23 29 40 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Other services.............................. 10 10 16 7 11 10 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2

Government................................... 87 57 52 52 46 64 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Federal...................................... 15 12 13 14 14 15 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 72 46 39 38 33 49 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local education.............. 42 20 13 8 7 20 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 30 25 27 30 26 29 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 52 62 53 68 70 67 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

South........................................... 128 135 140 140 132 154 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest........................................ 72 74 67 83 75 77 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 90 90 87 98 63 93 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 6,591 11,901 10,679 4.5 7.5 6.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,866 10,658 9,865 4.7 7.8 7.3

Mining and logging............................................... 18 44 39 2.9 6.4 5.7

Construction....................................................... 271 377 365 3.5 4.7 4.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 486 974 892 3.9 7.2 6.7

Durable goods.................................................. 256 554 491 3.3 6.7 5.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 231 420 401 4.8 8.2 7.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,304 2,056 2,128 4.7 7.0 7.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 188 291 263 3.3 4.8 4.4

Retail trade..................................................... 842 1,245 1,324 5.3 7.5 8.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 275 520 540 4.4 7.7 7.9

Information........................................................ 82 181 161 3.0 6.1 5.5

Financial activities................................................ 281 553 477 3.1 5.9 5.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 212 354 310 3.2 5.1 4.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 69 199 167 3.0 7.9 6.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,168 1,913 1,832 5.5 8.3 8.0

Education and health services.................................. 1,166 2,034 1,725 4.9 8.0 6.9

Educational services.......................................... 102 221 184 3.1 6.3 5.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,064 1,813 1,541 5.1 8.3 7.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 834 2,026 1,747 5.8 11.3 10.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 77 234 206 4.0 8.9 8.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 757 1,793 1,541 6.1 11.7 10.3

Other services.................................................... 256 501 499 4.5 8.0 7.9

Government.......................................................... 725 1,243 814 3.3 5.6 3.7

Federal............................................................. 120 126 148 3.7 4.2 4.9

State and local.................................................... 605 1,117 666 3.3 5.9 3.6

State and local education..................................... 212 598 250 2.4 6.4 2.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 393 519 416 4.2 5.3 4.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,107 2,118 1,877 4.1 7.4 6.6

South................................................................. 2,589 4,520 4,158 4.8 7.7 7.2

Midwest............................................................... 1,420 2,546 2,196 4.5 7.4 6.5

West.................................................................. 1,473 2,717 2,448 4.3 7.3 6.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 7,017 7,510 6,966 5.0 5.1 4.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,176 6,953 6,416 5.2 5.5 5.1

Mining and logging............................................... 20 26 27 3.4 4.0 4.1

Construction....................................................... 396 430 381 5.3 5.6 5.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 435 526 515 3.6 4.2 4.1

Durable goods.................................................. 238 279 283 3.2 3.6 3.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 197 248 232 4.3 5.2 4.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,371 1,375 1,455 5.2 5.0 5.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 140 199 201 2.5 3.5 3.5

Retail trade..................................................... 969 905 987 6.5 5.9 6.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 262 271 267 4.4 4.3 4.3

Information........................................................ 114 106 101 4.3 3.8 3.6

Financial activities................................................ 244 254 215 2.8 2.9 2.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 157 164 141 2.4 2.5 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 87 89 74 3.9 3.8 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,358 1,360 1,212 6.8 6.5 5.7

Education and health services.................................. 878 906 972 3.9 3.9 4.2

Educational services.......................................... 169 143 209 5.3 4.3 6.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 708 763 763 3.6 3.8 3.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,115 1,642 1,288 8.3 10.3 8.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 104 199 148 5.7 8.3 6.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,010 1,443 1,141 8.7 10.7 8.5

Other services.................................................... 247 327 250 4.6 5.7 4.3

Government.......................................................... 841 557 550 4.0 2.7 2.6

Federal............................................................. 321 50 51 10.2 1.7 1.8

State and local.................................................... 520 508 499 2.9 2.8 2.8

State and local education..................................... 377 327 361 4.3 3.8 4.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 142 181 138 1.6 2.0 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,088 1,234 970 4.2 4.6 3.6

South................................................................. 2,738 2,901 2,910 5.3 5.4 5.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,582 1,645 1,438 5.2 5.2 4.5

West.................................................................. 1,611 1,730 1,648 4.9 5.0 4.8

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 5,909 6,203 7,107 4.2 4.2 4.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,339 5,929 6,618 4.5 4.7 5.3

Mining and logging............................................... 20 18 21 3.4 2.9 3.3

Construction....................................................... 362 402 431 4.9 5.3 5.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 430 452 518 3.5 3.6 4.2

Durable goods.................................................. 244 238 292 3.2 3.1 3.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 186 214 226 4.0 4.5 4.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,239 1,287 1,528 4.7 4.7 5.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 175 177 215 3.1 3.1 3.7

Retail trade..................................................... 821 913 1,097 5.5 5.9 7.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 243 197 216 4.1 3.2 3.4

Information........................................................ 82 85 93 3.1 3.1 3.4

Financial activities................................................ 270 223 245 3.1 2.5 2.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 197 140 174 3.0 2.1 2.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 73 82 71 3.3 3.5 3.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,039 1,246 1,201 5.2 5.9 5.7

Education and health services.................................. 755 816 847 3.3 3.5 3.6

Educational services.......................................... 107 88 127 3.4 2.7 3.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 649 728 720 3.3 3.6 3.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 983 1,124 1,499 7.3 7.1 9.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 138 119 219 7.5 5.0 9.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 845 1,005 1,280 7.3 7.5 9.5

Other services.................................................... 157 275 234 2.9 4.8 4.0

Government.......................................................... 570 274 489 2.7 1.3 2.3

Federal............................................................. 65 39 48 2.1 1.3 1.6

State and local.................................................... 505 235 441 2.8 1.3 2.4

State and local education..................................... 316 78 250 3.6 0.9 2.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 188 157 192 2.1 1.7 2.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 945 934 1,095 3.7 3.5 4.1

South................................................................. 2,345 2,492 2,774 4.5 4.6 5.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,315 1,344 1,603 4.3 4.2 5.0

West.................................................................. 1,304 1,434 1,635 4.0 4.2 4.8

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 3,834 4,536 5,217 2.7 3.1 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,514 4,371 4,923 2.9 3.5 3.9

Mining and logging............................................... 10 11 14 1.7 1.8 2.1

Construction....................................................... 145 243 256 1.9 3.2 3.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 291 320 376 2.4 2.6 3.0

Durable goods.................................................. 160 158 205 2.1 2.0 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 131 161 171 2.8 3.4 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 877 1,026 1,193 3.3 3.8 4.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 106 138 175 1.9 2.4 3.1

Retail trade..................................................... 621 731 857 4.1 4.8 5.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 151 157 160 2.5 2.5 2.6

Information........................................................ 51 57 57 1.9 2.0 2.0

Financial activities................................................ 166 146 158 1.9 1.6 1.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 129 89 118 2.0 1.4 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 37 58 40 1.7 2.5 1.7

Professional and business services............................ 637 765 807 3.2 3.6 3.8

Education and health services.................................. 517 670 675 2.3 2.9 2.9

Educational services.......................................... 63 64 74 2.0 2.0 2.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 454 606 600 2.3 3.0 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 723 956 1,212 5.4 6.0 7.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 71 90 145 3.8 3.8 6.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 653 866 1,067 5.6 6.4 7.9

Other services.................................................... 97 178 176 1.8 3.1 3.0

Government.......................................................... 321 164 294 1.5 0.8 1.4

Federal............................................................. 25 19 23 0.8 0.6 0.8

State and local.................................................... 296 146 271 1.7 0.8 1.5

State and local education..................................... 192 44 159 2.2 0.5 1.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 104 102 113 1.1 1.1 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 547 642 759 2.1 2.4 2.8

South................................................................. 1,595 1,832 2,066 3.1 3.4 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 864 1,003 1,210 2.8 3.2 3.8

West.................................................................. 827 1,058 1,182 2.5 3.1 3.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 1,704 1,304 1,463 1.2 0.9 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,554 1,248 1,347 1.3 1.0 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 9 6 7 1.5 0.9 1.1

Construction....................................................... 201 141 154 2.7 1.8 2.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 118 114 117 1.0 0.9 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 73 69 70 1.0 0.9 0.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 45 45 47 1.0 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 315 202 263 1.2 0.7 1.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 63 32 32 1.1 0.6 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 173 141 192 1.2 0.9 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 80 29 39 1.3 0.5 0.6

Information........................................................ 28 25 23 1.1 0.9 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 68 49 49 0.8 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 34 26 25 0.5 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 33 23 24 1.5 1.0 1.0

Professional and business services............................ 351 380 328 1.7 1.8 1.5

Education and health services.................................. 189 108 121 0.8 0.5 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 37 19 47 1.2 0.6 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 152 89 74 0.8 0.4 0.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 227 137 239 1.7 0.9 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 64 27 69 3.5 1.1 2.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 164 110 170 1.4 0.8 1.3

Other services.................................................... 47 86 47 0.9 1.5 0.8

Government.......................................................... 150 56 116 0.7 0.3 0.6

Federal............................................................. 25 6 8 0.8 0.2 0.3

State and local.................................................... 125 50 108 0.7 0.3 0.6

State and local education..................................... 75 24 62 0.9 0.3 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 50 26 45 0.6 0.3 0.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 339 211 260 1.3 0.8 1.0

South................................................................. 607 531 541 1.2 1.0 1.0

Midwest............................................................... 366 265 301 1.2 0.8 0.9

West.................................................................. 391 297 360 1.2 0.9 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Aug.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 371 364 427 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 272 311 348 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 1 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Construction....................................................... 16 18 21 0.2 0.2 0.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 22 19 25 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 12 11 16 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 10 8 9 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 46 60 72 0.2 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 6 8 7 0.1 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 27 41 48 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 13 11 17 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information........................................................ 4 3 13 0.1 0.1 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 37 27 38 0.4 0.3 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 33 26 31 0.5 0.4 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 4 1 7 0.2 0.1 0.3

Professional and business services............................ 51 101 66 0.3 0.5 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 49 39 51 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 7 5 6 0.2 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 42 34 45 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 32 31 48 0.2 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 4 2 5 0.2 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 29 29 43 0.2 0.2 0.3

Other services.................................................... 13 11 12 0.2 0.2 0.2

Government.......................................................... 100 53 79 0.5 0.3 0.4

Federal............................................................. 16 14 17 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local.................................................... 84 39 63 0.5 0.2 0.3

State and local education..................................... 50 10 29 0.6 0.1 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 34 29 34 0.4 0.3 0.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 57 81 75 0.2 0.3 0.3

South................................................................. 143 129 168 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 85 75 92 0.3 0.2 0.3

West.................................................................. 86 79 93 0.3 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.