U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – DECEMBER 2018 

Prices for U.S. imports decreased 1.0 percent in December, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 

today, after a 1.9-percent fall the previous month. Lower fuel prices drove the decline in December, and 

nonfuel prices recorded no change. U.S. export prices fell 0.6 percent in December following a 0.8-percent 

drop in November. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: December 2017 – December 2018

Imports 

U.S. import prices declined 1.0 percent in December, after decreasing 1.9 percent in November and rising 

0.5 percent in October. The November drop was the largest monthly decline since the index fell 3.2 percent 

in January 2015. Prices for imports decreased 0.6 percent in 2018 following a 3.2-percent increase the 

previous year. The decline in 2018 was the first calendar-year drop since import prices fell 8.3 percent in 

2015. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel declined 9.2 percent in December, after a 13.3-percent drop the 

previous month. The December decrease was driven by an 11.6-percent decline in petroleum prices which 

more than offset a 30.3-percent advance in natural gas prices. Import fuel prices fell 10.4 percent in 2018 

following a 21.8-percent increase the previous year. The 2018 decline is the first calendar-year decrease 

since 2015, when import fuel prices fell 41.0 percent. In 2018, a 14.0-percent drop in petroleum prices more 

than offset a 67.6-percent increase in prices for natural gas.

0.2

0.8

0.2

-0.2

0.5

0.9

0.0

-0.1

-0.4

0.1

0.5

-1.9

-1.0

3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5

4.5 4.7 4.8

3.8

3.1 3.4

0.5

-0.6

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

Dec'17 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'18

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, January 16, 2019 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-19-0076
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports recorded no change in December, after declining 

0.3 percent in November. Higher prices for consumer goods; automotive vehicles; and foods, feeds, and 

beverages offset price declines for capital goods and nonfuel industrial supplies and materials. Nonfuel 

import prices advanced 0.5 percent in 2018 following a 1.3-percent rise in 2017. The price index for nonfuel 

imports has not recorded a calendar-year decline since a 3.4-percent drop in 2015. In 2018, higher prices for 

nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; consumer goods; and automotive vehicles drove the increase in 

nonfuel import prices. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials edged down 

0.1 percent in December, after falling 0.2 percent the previous month. A 0.9-percent decline in prices for 

chemicals drove the December decrease.

 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in December. Prices for consumer goods and 

automotive vehicles each ticked up 0.1 percent. In contrast, capital goods prices edged down 0.1 percent. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices rose 0.1 percent in December, after 

declining 2.2 percent the previous month. The December increase was led by a 10.9-percent advance in 

vegetable prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: December 2017 – December 2018 

Exports 

U.S. export prices fell 0.6 percent in December following a 0.8-percent decrease in November. 

Nonagricultural prices declined in December, more than offsetting higher prices for agricultural goods. 

Despite the December downturn, U.S. export prices increased 1.1 percent in 2018. The price index for U.S. 

exports has not recorded a calendar-year decrease since falling 6.6 percent in 2015. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports advanced 3.9 percent in December, the largest 

increase for the index since a 4.8-percent rise in August 2012. The December advance follows a 1.7-percent 

rise in November and a 0.1-percent drop in October. Price increases for soybeans and nuts contributed to the 

December advance, more than offsetting lower fruit prices. Agricultural export prices rose 2.5 percent in 

2018, after increasing 1.9 percent in 2017. The 2018 increase was the largest calendar-year advance since 

the price index for agricultural exports rose 13.4 percent in 2012. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports decreased 1.1 percent in December, 

after declining 1.0 percent in November and rising 0.5 percent in October. The December drop matched the 

decrease in December 2015; those were the largest monthly declines since the index fell 1.3 percent in 

August 2015. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials led the December decrease, 

more than offsetting rising consumer goods and automotive vehicles prices. Despite the December decline, 

nonagricultural export prices advanced 1.0 percent in 2018. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 

and materials decreased 3.4 percent in December, the largest monthly decline since falling 3.7-percent in 

August 2015. An 8.4-percent drop in prices for export fuel drove the December decline.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices mostly rose in December. The price indexes for consumer goods and 

automotive vehicles each ticked up 0.1 percent. Export capital goods prices recorded no change in 

December following a 0.1-percent drop in November. In 2018, automotive vehicles export prices rose 0.9 

percent, the largest calendar-year increase since advancing 2.6 percent in 2011. 

0.1

0.7

0.2

0.4 0.5 0.7

0.2

-0.5

-0.1

0.0

0.5

-0.8 -0.6

2.8

3.3 3.1 3.4 3.7

5.0 5.3

4.3

3.6

2.7

3.1

1.8

1.1

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Dec'17 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'18

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China recorded no change in December. 

Prices for imports from China decreased 0.2 percent in 2018 and have not risen on a calendar-year basis 

since advancing 3.6 percent in 2011. Import prices from Japan edged down 0.1 percent for the second 

consecutive month in December. Despite the monthly decreases, prices for imports from Japan rose 1.0 

percent in 2018. Prices for imports from Canada declined 1.5 percent in December and fell 6.1 percent in 

2018, the largest calendar-year drop since a 15.1-percent decrease in 2015. The price index for imports from 

Mexico declined 0.5 percent in December and prices for imports from the European Union fell 0.1 percent 

over the same period. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China decreased 0.3 percent in December following a 

0.1-percent drop the previous month. The price index for exports to China declined 1.5 percent in 2018. 

Prices for exports to Japan fell 0.2 percent in December, after recording no change in November and rising 

0.2 percent in October. In 2018, export prices to Japan rose 0.5 percent. Prices for exports to Canada 

increased 2.2 percent in December, and advanced 7.3 percent in 2018. The price index for exports to 

Mexico fell 0.9 percent in December. Despite the monthly decrease, export prices to Mexico increased 1.6 

percent in 2018. Prices for exports to the European Union declined 0.7 percent in December, after rising in 

each of the previous 3 months. The December drop was the largest 1-month decrease for export prices to the 

European Union since the index was first published in December 2017. In 2018, export prices to the 

European Union advanced 3.2 percent. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 

China decreased 0.3 percent in December, driven by decreasing export prices to China. Overall, the U.S. 

terms of trade with China declined 1.3 percent in 2018. The U.S. terms of trade with Japan edged down 0.1 

percent in December following 0.1-percent increases the previous 2 months. In 2018, the index for U.S. 

terms of trade with Japan fell 0.5 percent. The U.S. terms of trade with Canada rose 3.8 percent in 

December, and increased 14.3 percent in 2018. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union 

declined 0.6 percent in December and the U.S. terms of trade with Mexico fell 0.4 percent. Despite the 

monthly decreases, the U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico each advanced 1.8 percent 

in 2018. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares rose 7.6 percent in December following increases of 0.7 

percent in November and October. Higher Asian and Latin American/Caribbean fares drove the rise in 

December. Import air passenger fares advanced 1.8 percent in 2018, after increasing 4.2 percent in 2017. 

Prices for import air freight decreased 2.7 percent in December following a 0.7-percent advance the 

previous month. The index for import air freight prices rose 4.1 percent in 2018 and has not recorded a 

calendar-year decrease since falling 3.1 percent in 2015. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares advanced 1.4 percent in December, after edging up 0.1 percent the 

previous month. Higher Asian and European fares contributed to the monthly increase. The index for export 

air passenger fares fell 5.0 percent in 2018 following a 5.8-percent drop in 2017. Prices for export air freight 

declined for the second consecutive month in December, edging down 0.1 percent. Despite the monthly 

decrease, export air freight prices rose 3.4 percent in 2018, the largest calendar-year increase since a 5.8-

percent advance in 2014. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for January are scheduled for release on Friday, February 15, 2019 at 

8:30 a.m. (EST). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2017 to

December 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Nov.

20181

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

All commodities................................... 100.000 125.9 124.7 -0.6 0.1 0.5 -1.9 -1.0

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.398 100.1 100.1 0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 90.176 113.4 113.7 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 89.454 117.2 117.2 0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.3 0.0

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.056 179.5 179.6 -0.8 2.0 2.1 -2.2 0.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.740 196.3 197.2 -1.0 2.4 2.7 -2.8 0.5

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.316 142.0 139.9 0.0 0.8 -0.1 0.0 -1.5

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.936 187.5 180.1 -3.1 -0.3 1.5 -6.2 -3.9

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 15.351 159.1 161.5 5.1 -0.4 0.4 1.4 1.5

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 14.378 178.3 178.2 2.6 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 9.014 167.1 167.4 1.9 -0.9 -0.4 -0.5 0.2

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 6.099 149.1 154.2 9.9 0.1 1.9 4.1 3.4

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 10.546 203.4 184.7 -10.4 0.0 3.2 -13.3 -9.2

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 9.824 217.3 192.2 -14.0 0.0 2.9 -16.0 -11.6

Crude........................................ 10000 6.692 216.6 186.6 -19.4 0.1 2.7 -20.1 -13.9

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.723 138.9 171.6 50.4 -1.1 12.8 41.7 23.5

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.568 127.6 166.3 67.6 -1.6 17.9 60.1 30.3

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.609 123.6 124.9 13.9 0.3 0.5 0.2 1.1

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.829 164.2 163.2 2.6 0.2 0.9 0.1 -0.6

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.546 143.9 144.4 -4.6 -1.7 -4.8 -1.0 0.3

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.879 231.9 233.3 4.4 -1.4 1.3 -0.7 0.6

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.812 160.4 159.6 1.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.5

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.714 114.3 113.9 3.2 0.3 -0.5 0.2 -0.3

Capital goods................................... 2 26.813 89.2 89.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.269 118.0 118.0 0.9 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 21.296 81.6 81.5 -0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.248 134.6 134.7 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.917 110.4 110.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.278 107.2 107.3 0.6 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.951 123.0 123.0 1.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.018 92.4 92.4 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.309 115.6 117.7 2.5 0.3 -0.2 0.4 1.8

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2017 to

December 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Nov.

20181

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

All commodities................................... 100.000 126.9 126.1 1.1 0.0 0.5 -0.8 -0.6

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.656 176.0 182.9 2.5 -1.3 -0.1 1.7 3.9

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 80.874 101.5 101.3 1.2 -0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.344 123.1 121.7 1.0 0.2 0.5 -1.0 -1.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 9.083 178.6 185.5 2.8 -1.3 0.2 1.9 3.9

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.441 176.6 183.9 2.6 -1.4 0.2 2.0 4.1

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.642 217.1 215.5 5.2 1.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.7

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 31.726 161.2 156.1 1.0 0.2 1.4 -2.8 -3.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.226 163.0 162.8 0.4 -0.6 0.0 0.5 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 21.500 160.6 153.2 1.3 0.6 2.1 -4.3 -4.6

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.214 178.0 181.8 1.6 0.1 -2.4 -0.1 2.1

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials...................................... 30.512 160.7 155.3 1.0 0.3 1.5 -2.9 -3.4

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 10.043 200.1 183.3 -0.7 1.4 4.1 -8.6 -8.4

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.471 159.7 158.2 1.9 -0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.9

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.998 121.2 120.8 -2.3 -0.5 -1.1 -0.4 -0.3

Capital goods................................... 2 36.627 110.0 110.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.892 116.9 117.0 0.9 -0.3 -0.5 -0.1 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.545 94.9 94.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.190 177.2 177.6 3.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.080 114.1 114.2 0.9 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.484 109.7 109.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.085 106.6 106.4 0.6 0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.963 107.3 107.4 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.1 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2017 to December

2018

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Nov.

20181

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.368 106.5 98.4 -11.1 1.1 3.8 -14.0 -7.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.985 179.8 182.9 -1.0 5.9 6.2 -5.2 1.7

Crop production............................... 111 1.602 192.3 197.0 -0.9 7.5 7.5 -6.3 2.4

Animal production (Dec. 2014=100)........ 112 0.193 77.4 76.6 0.0 -0.5 3.0 -1.5 -1.0

Mining............................................ 21 7.383 98.5 88.6 -13.7 0.1 3.3 -16.2 -10.1

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 7.140 98.3 88.1 -14.4 0.1 3.3 -16.6 -10.4

Manufacturing..................................... 90.349 112.0 111.7 0.6 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.3

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.391 124.8 124.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.396 155.0 154.4 -1.1 0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.4

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.114 122.1 122.1 2.3 -0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.385 99.9 100.2 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.3

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.924 109.1 109.1 -0.1 -0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.892 111.8 111.8 0.9 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.680 122.9 123.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.1

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.613 128.0 126.4 1.8 -0.2 0.1 -1.0 -1.3

Wood product manufacturing................ 321 0.908 121.1 121.8 -9.0 -2.5 -7.6 -3.0 0.6

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.095 115.7 116.4 9.6 0.0 0.3 -0.4 0.6

Printing and related support activities

(Dec. 2016=100)........................... 323 0.220 104.9 104.9 6.1 1.0 0.0 -1.4 0.0

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.813 101.8 95.4 0.7 -0.4 3.1 -5.6 -6.3

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.349 141.7 141.0 2.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.5

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.228 120.3 120.1 1.5 -0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.000 130.9 130.8 1.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 60.346 104.4 104.5 0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.440 154.5 155.5 4.8 -1.0 1.2 -0.6 0.6

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.116 127.2 126.8 0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 6.820 118.5 118.6 0.8 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.965 74.7 74.5 -1.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 4.956 116.3 116.4 1.0 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.889 109.5 109.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.794 117.4 117.4 1.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.365 118.6 118.9 1.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2017 to December

2018

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Nov.

20181

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.217 135.7 140.6 1.7 -0.8 -0.2 -1.0 3.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.895 149.0 158.1 3.1 -2.9 -0.3 2.6 6.1

Crop production............................... 111 4.543 155.7 166.1 4.5 -3.2 -0.1 3.1 6.7

Mining............................................ 21 3.322 91.4 91.4 -0.3 2.2 0.0 -6.1 0.0

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.172 116.0 116.2 7.2 0.7 0.4 1.6 0.2

Manufacturing..................................... 90.255 117.1 115.8 1.3 0.1 0.5 -0.8 -1.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.906 139.8 140.6 0.9 0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.6

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.684 156.6 157.2 -0.6 0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.4

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.700 122.0 125.9 9.3 2.8 -0.6 -0.2 3.2

Textile mills (Dec. 2016=100)............... 313 0.642 104.7 104.5 2.8 -0.4 -0.3 -0.4 -0.2

Leather and allied product manufacturing

(Dec. 2016=100)........................... 316 0.257 93.1 92.9 -4.5 0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.673 118.6 113.9 1.3 0.3 1.8 -2.9 -4.0

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.531 101.8 101.8 1.8 -0.7 -1.4 0.5 0.0

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.730 132.9 133.8 7.6 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.7

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.716 118.8 103.7 -1.9 1.1 5.8 -9.7 -12.7

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.390 120.2 118.8 2.1 0.0 0.4 -0.3 -1.2

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.234 115.7 115.8 1.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.829 116.8 116.6 1.8 0.0 -0.4 0.4 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 57.676 114.1 114.2 1.4 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 3.854 142.7 143.6 2.8 -0.1 0.0 0.7 0.6

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.093 143.1 143.2 4.1 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.007 128.1 128.2 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.930 83.0 82.8 -0.6 0.1 -0.5 0.0 -0.2

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.859 117.9 117.8 1.8 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 18.173 127.2 127.4 2.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.405 120.7 120.7 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.355 120.3 120.7 0.8 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2017 to

December 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20181

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.378 193.6 192.1 0.4 -0.2 0.5 -0.3 -0.8

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.363 239.3 243.7 -0.9 -2.1 -0.4 -0.2 1.8

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.714 141.5 138.5 0.1 1.9 0.3 -0.5 -2.1

Vegetable products............................... II 1.962 212.2 216.5 -1.9 6.7 7.2 -6.1 2.0

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.475 503.3 572.0 13.3 5.9 43.8 -8.9 13.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.744 117.2 112.3 -12.6 14.7 -2.4 -11.3 -4.2

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.317 208.8 203.2 -6.4 -3.6 1.5 2.1 -2.7

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.244 92.2 89.8 -22.8 -0.2 -2.3 -3.4 -2.6

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.818 165.8 165.6 2.2 0.2 -0.3 0.1 -0.1

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2012=100)..................................... 17 0.198 88.5 87.9 1.6 0.7 -0.2 0.7 -0.7

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.204 97.2 96.8 2.5 2.0 -1.7 0.5 -0.4

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.380 174.9 175.2 3.0 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.2

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.209 103.0 103.0 3.0 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.055 132.4 132.3 2.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 10.367 203.4 185.2 -9.7 -0.1 3.1 -13.4 -8.9

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.098 200.8 182.4 -10.2 -0.1 3.2 -13.7 -9.2

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.675 159.4 158.8 2.8 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.687 344.3 348.9 15.8 3.6 2.4 2.9 1.3

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.428 131.3 128.9 -0.1 0.2 -1.0 -0.7 -1.8

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.517 151.9 151.8 2.4 -0.3 -0.7 -0.1 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100).................... 31 0.303 93.2 93.8 17.0 -0.5 9.8 1.6 0.6

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2011=100)............. 32 0.183 106.2 106.0 -0.3 -1.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.587 103.5 103.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 -0.2 -0.4

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.643 106.7 106.3 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.456 141.9 141.2 0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.5

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.295 146.2 145.3 1.8 -0.1 0.3 0.6 -0.6

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.161 135.7 135.1 -1.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.639 125.0 125.1 0.7 -0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.606 131.0 131.2 1.3 -0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.940 148.0 148.7 -8.6 -2.3 -7.5 -3.0 0.5

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2014=100).............................. 44 0.917 101.9 102.4 -8.8 -2.3 -7.6 -3.0 0.5

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.148 121.4 122.1 9.6 0.0 0.2 -0.2 0.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.750 111.5 111.8 8.4 -0.4 0.5 -0.1 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2017 to

December 2018 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20181

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Printed matter (Dec. 2015=100)............... 49 0.215 110.2 110.1 5.0 0.1 -0.6 -0.9 -0.1

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 5.046 114.3 114.3 0.8 0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 2.030 104.4 104.3 0.8 0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.720 120.2 120.2 1.3 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.643 104.0 103.5 -0.6 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.5

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.389 122.1 122.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.161 120.8 120.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.0

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.933 131.8 131.6 0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.2

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2015=100).................... 68 0.332 98.4 97.9 0.3 0.1 -0.1 -1.3 -0.5

Ceramic products................................ 69 0.260 136.1 136.1 -0.4 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.0

Glass and glassware............................ 70 0.341 132.4 132.5 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.037 170.6 172.5 0.9 -0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.611 179.1 178.8 2.9 -0.7 0.5 -0.9 -0.2

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.369 229.3 229.5 13.0 0.0 0.1 -0.6 0.1

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.609 151.4 150.5 0.9 -0.1 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.394 282.3 283.2 -3.4 -3.1 5.6 -1.3 0.3

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.929 135.5 135.1 -0.4 -0.9 0.7 -2.6 -0.3

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.425 124.0 124.1 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.518 136.8 136.7 -0.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.959 80.3 80.2 -0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.193 86.6 86.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.765 74.3 74.2 -0.9 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.075 114.2 114.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.873 113.3 113.3 0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2002=100)..................................... 88 1.112 115.1 115.1 -0.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.871 102.4 102.3 0.8 0.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.1

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.581 98.9 98.9 0.8 -0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.0

Clocks and watches and parts thereof. . . . . .. 91 0.229 141.8 141.3 -2.1 0.4 0.8 -1.1 -0.4

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.361 112.9 112.9 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.744 118.6 118.6 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.330 103.4 103.5 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.287 130.0 130.0 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2017 to

December 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20181

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.931 208.2 208.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.136 160.7 161.5 -3.0 -1.1 0.1 -0.1 0.5

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.425 120.2 119.3 5.8 0.9 0.2 0.6 -0.7

Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 04 0.295 107.8 107.0 7.0 3.8 1.6 -0.7 -0.7

Vegetable products............................... II 4.602 190.5 206.3 6.9 -2.5 0.4 3.4 8.3

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.852 137.3 136.1 -6.8 0.2 -1.5 6.3 -0.9

Cereals............................................ 10 1.422 192.4 194.7 7.7 -3.2 0.2 0.8 1.2

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.726 183.1 188.7 -7.6 -6.9 0.2 2.2 3.1

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.081 151.9 152.3 2.1 0.2 -0.1 0.5 0.3

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2009=100). . . .. 20 0.343 116.7 117.0 -0.2 -0.5 0.0 0.4 0.3

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.563 96.5 96.6 -3.4 0.3 -0.2 -1.1 0.1

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.512 105.1 104.3 -1.9 -2.7 0.3 -1.3 -0.8

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.737 219.0 224.7 10.7 1.1 -1.9 3.4 2.6

Mineral products.................................. V 10.383 239.7 220.1 -0.9 1.4 3.8 -8.2 -8.2

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.487 96.4 97.0 -8.1 -2.4 0.0 1.0 0.6

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 9.715 231.9 211.7 -0.6 1.6 4.1 -8.8 -8.7

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.835 139.7 138.4 1.5 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.9

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.651 146.6 144.8 -11.0 -0.7 -2.9 -0.7 -1.2

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.641 150.1 144.9 6.2 0.8 0.9 -0.5 -3.5

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.192 106.4 106.1 0.6 -0.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.3

Fertilizers (Dec. 2016=100).................... 31 0.284 132.7 132.9 23.3 3.9 2.7 1.2 0.2

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.523 100.6 101.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 -1.9 0.5

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.809 130.7 130.8 -1.5 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.1

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.502 122.0 122.3 0.1 -0.1 1.4 0.4 0.2

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.849 155.8 155.9 3.9 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.196 144.8 143.6 3.0 -0.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.8

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.318 141.5 140.5 3.4 -0.1 0.5 -0.5 -0.7

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.878 157.2 155.4 1.5 -0.1 0.1 -1.4 -1.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.643 99.8 99.2 -5.0 -1.4 -2.3 -0.7 -0.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 2.163 138.0 135.2 5.4 -0.9 2.8 0.6 -2.0

Woodpulp and recovered paper............... 47 0.713 155.2 143.9 5.7 -2.3 8.1 1.6 -7.3

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.112 130.2 131.1 6.0 -0.2 0.3 0.2 0.7

Printed material (Dec. 2014=100)............. 49 0.338 108.4 108.4 3.1 -0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.683 124.7 124.9 3.5 -0.2 -1.0 0.0 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2017 to

December 2018 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20181

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.440 130.5 131.6 2.7 -3.7 -4.2 0.9 0.8

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.808 124.8 124.7 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 -0.1

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2015=100).................... 68 0.274 103.8 103.7 2.4 0.5 0.0 1.2 -0.1

Glass and glassware............................ 70 0.410 99.2 99.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.999 234.1 236.8 0.8 -0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.904 160.5 159.7 1.8 -0.2 -0.1 0.6 -0.5

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.111 178.5 177.1 9.5 1.7 0.0 -0.1 -0.8

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.518 182.5 183.5 -6.9 -3.4 2.4 -0.8 0.5

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.893 111.0 108.4 -8.2 -1.6 -1.2 0.2 -2.3

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal (Dec. 2015=100). . . .. 82 0.316 100.0 100.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.344 152.9 152.9 3.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 27.556 97.6 97.5 0.7 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.845 115.3 115.2 1.4 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.711 78.6 78.5 0.0 0.0 -0.5 0.0 -0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.325 135.7 135.9 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.292 116.4 116.4 1.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.930 109.0 108.9 0.9 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.399 112.8 112.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.820 129.9 129.9 1.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.417 87.5 87.5 -0.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: December 2017 to December 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20181

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 121.5 120.8 -1.3 -0.7 0.2 -2.5 -0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.173 122.7 119.2 -23.6 -6.0 1.4 -22.1 -2.9

Manufacturing................................ 92.287 120.7 120.2 0.8 -0.2 0.1 -0.6 -0.4

Canada.......................................... 100.000 125.3 123.4 -6.1 -1.9 0.5 -6.4 -1.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 19.653 114.9 111.5 -25.4 -6.5 1.5 -23.3 -3.0

Manufacturing................................ 79.386 131.7 130.1 0.1 -0.4 0.2 -1.2 -1.2

European Union............................... 100.000 136.6 136.5 1.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.1

Manufacturing................................ 98.939 133.1 132.9 1.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.2

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 127.5 127.0 0.8 -0.2 0.2 -0.9 -0.4

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 111.8 111.9 -2.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 120.5 120.1 0.8 -0.2 0.7 -1.5 -0.3

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 151.7 148.7 -0.1 1.1 1.2 -1.7 -2.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 19.730 278.9 255.7 -0.2 5.8 5.7 -8.4 -8.3

Manufacturing................................ 80.001 122.3 121.8 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.4

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 129.4 128.8 -0.2 0.9 0.7 -0.9 -0.5

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 9.921 152.4 147.3 7.8 11.2 6.6 -9.2 -3.3

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 89.827 88.1 88.0 -0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4

............... 100.000 98.9 98.8 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 99.9 99.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.6 96.5 1.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 88.9 88.4 0.9 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.6

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 98.0 97.6 -0.6 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.4

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 186.3 169.7 -2.8 3.1 2.3 -8.0 -8.9

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: December 2017 to December

2018

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20181

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 102.5 103.4 3.4 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.690 102.4 122.0 22.0 1.7 -1.7 2.8 19.1

Manufacturing................................ 92.104 102.6 102.2 2.2 0.1 0.2 -0.4 -0.4

Canada.......................................... 100.000 105.0 107.3 7.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.2

European Union............................... 100.000 103.9 103.2 3.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 4.851 100.9 103.3 3.3 -0.1 -2.9 2.2 2.4

Manufacturing................................ 94.350 104.1 103.3 3.3 0.1 0.5 0.0 -0.8

Germany........................................ 100.000 101.2 101.4 1.4 -0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 103.6 101.7 1.7 0.2 1.3 -1.5 -1.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.637 108.3 115.5 15.5 -0.9 2.1 1.2 6.6

Manufacturing................................ 93.075 103.2 100.7 0.7 0.4 1.1 -1.7 -2.4

Mexico........................................... 100.000 102.5 101.6 1.6 0.0 1.1 -1.3 -0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.385 106.3 115.5 15.5 -0.9 1.6 1.5 8.7

Manufacturing................................ 93.251 102.3 100.6 0.6 0.1 1.0 -1.4 -1.7

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 100.1 100.1 0.1 -0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.386 91.8 95.6 -4.4 -4.7 -2.1 1.7 4.1

Manufacturing................................ 86.192 101.2 101.0 1.0 0.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.2

China............................................ 100.000 98.8 98.5 -1.5 -1.7 0.8 -0.1 -0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 18.086 91.8 94.5 -5.5 -6.4 0.6 2.3 2.9

Manufacturing................................ 77.233 100.2 99.8 -0.2 -0.2 0.4 -0.8 -0.4

Japan............................................ 100.000 100.7 100.5 0.5 -0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 15.039 100.2 101.3 1.3 -1.6 0.4 1.2 1.1

Manufacturing................................ 83.978 100.7 100.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: December 2017 to December 20181

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 103.3 104.8 4.8 1.0 -0.1 2.4 1.5

Canada.................................................. 110.1 114.3 14.3 2.3 -0.1 7.2 3.8

European Union...................................... 102.4 101.8 1.8 0.3 0.2 0.6 -0.6

Germany................................................ 104.2 104.3 4.3 -0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

Latin America3

........................................ 101.7 101.8 1.8 -0.9 0.1 0.2 0.1

Mexico.................................................. 102.2 101.8 1.8 -0.9 0.4 -0.3 -0.4

Pacific Rim4

............................................ 99.6 99.7 -0.3 -0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1

China................................................... . 99.0 98.7 -1.3 -1.7 1.0 0.0 -0.3

Japan.................................................... 99.6 99.5 -0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: December

2017 to December 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20181

Index Percent change

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2017 to

Dec.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2018 to

Nov.

2018

Nov.

2018 to

Dec.

2018

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 194.7 189.4 4.1 0.8 2.4 0.7 -2.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 23.252 149.2 147.9 2.7 -1.1 3.2 -0.8 -0.9

Asia.................................................. 65.140 191.9 184.0 4.8 1.8 2.6 1.5 -4.1

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 164.9 164.7 3.4 0.4 0.6 -0.2 -0.1

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 32.607 148.1 149.0 0.9 0.8 0.1 -0.9 0.6

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 177.1 174.7 4.2 1.1 1.7 0.9 -1.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 25.074 137.0 135.6 3.0 -0.1 1.4 -0.4 -1.0

Asia.................................................. 60.318 171.1 167.5 2.5 1.9 2.2 1.8 -2.1

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 146.4 145.8 3.5 -2.8 -0.6 1.5 -0.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 32.736 149.4 148.9 2.9 0.6 0.5 -0.2 -0.3

Asia.................................................. 44.146 144.9 145.1 6.3 -6.7 -1.8 3.3 0.1

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 183.5 197.5 1.8 10.7 0.7 0.7 7.6

Europe............................................... 44.943 222.2 219.7 1.3 20.3 2.8 2.2 -1.1

Asia.................................................. 22.077 132.1 157.3 3.5 -0.6 0.7 -0.8 19.1

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 9.337 161.0 177.8 -1.2 -5.5 1.7 6.3 10.4

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 148.7 150.8 -5.0 -2.8 -1.8 0.1 1.4

Europe............................................... 31.251 200.8 204.7 0.6 4.8 -0.2 1.3 1.9

Asia.................................................. 26.392 128.1 133.3 -0.7 -7.1 -6.0 1.0 4.1

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 23.568 152.7 147.9 -12.7 -5.5 -2.0 1.7 -3.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

16
17 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
18 

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.