Internet: http://www.bls.gov/lpc/home.htm 

Historical, technical USDL 07-0561 

 information: (202) 691-5618 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 a.m. EDT 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 THURSDAY, APRIL 19, 2007 

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY: 

MANUFACTURING, 2005 

 Labor productivity – defined as output per hour – rose in 2005 in 88 percent of the 

manufacturing industries studied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of 

Labor. Output (the production of manufactured goods) rose in 83 percent of the 

industries, while hours fell in 65 percent of the industries. Unit labor costs declined in 69 

percent of manufacturing industries. 

 The share of industries with productivity increases over a longer period was even 

greater. From 1987 to 2005, labor productivity increased in all but one manufacturing 

industry. Output rose in 80 percent of the industries, while hours fell in 80 percent. Unit 

labor costs fell in 22 percent of the industries. 

 The attached tables present data for all manufacturing subsectors (3-digit) and 

detailed industries (4-digit) as classified in the North American Industry Classification 

System (NAICS). 

2004-2005 change 

 Labor productivity rose in 2005 in 76 of the 86 detailed manufacturing industries. 

(See table 1.) Sixty percent of the industries recorded productivity gains of at least 4.0 

percent, and more than a quarter had productivity growth of 8.0 percent or more. The 

largest productivity gain, 38.4 percent, was recorded in computer and peripheral 

equipment manufacturing (NAICS 3341), followed by a 23.7 percent productivity 

increase in apparel knitting mills (NAICS 3151). Both industries combined strong output 

increases with reductions in labor hours. Hours fell particularly steeply in the apparel 

manufacturing industries. Among the ten industries with declining or flat labor 

productivity, the railroad rolling stock manufacturing industry (NAICS 3365) had the 

largest drop, 8.0 percent. 
 2 

In 2005, labor productivity increased in each of the three largest detailed 

manufacturing industries. In motor vehicle parts manufacturing (NAICS 3363), 

productivity increased 4.7 percent. In printing and related support activities (NAICS 

3231) and plastics product manufacturing (NAICS 3261), productivity rose 4.5 and 2.7 

percent, respectively. Productivity growth in all three industries resulted from a 

combination of increases in output and declines in labor hours. 

 Unit labor costs, which reflect the total labor costs required to produce a unit of 

output, fell in 59 of the 86 detailed manufacturing industries in 2005. The largest 

declines in unit labor costs, 18.8 percent and 17.3 percent, occurred respectively in 

computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing (NAICS 3341) and apparel knitting 

mills (NAICS 3151), the industries with the largest productivity gains. 

As shown in the chart below, productivity increased in 2005 in all 21 

manufacturing subsectors. In 14 of the subsectors, productivity rose 5.0 percent or more. 

In several subsectors, as in many industries, declining hours combined with increasing 

output to produce large productivity gains in 2005. One of these, the leather and allied 

products subsector (NAICS 316), recorded the largest increase in productivity, 9.8 

percent. The combination of output growth and hours declines also resulted in large 

productivity gains for the textile product mills, chemicals, and electrical equipment and 

appliances subsectors. 

8.3

5.6

4.1

5.3

6.2

5.3

2.6

1.8

5.4

3.1

5.5

0.3

4.5

1.5

6.5

9.8

7.6

8.8

6.6

5.6

5.5

0 123 456 789 10

Miscellaneous manufacturing

Furniture and related products

Transportation equipment

Electrical equipment and appliances 

Computer and electronic products

Machinery 

Fabricated metal products

Primary metals 

Nonmetalic mineral products 

Plastics and rubber products 

Chemicals 

Petroleum and coal products 

Printing and related support activities

Paper and paper products

Wood products 

Leather and allied products

Apparel 

 Textile product mills 

Textile mills 

Beverages and tobacco products

Food 

Annual percent change

Percent change in output per hour in manufacturing subsectors, 2004-2005
 3 

Long-term trends 

 Between 1987 and 2005, productivity increased in 85 of the 86 detailed 

manufacturing industries studied. (See table 2.) Output rose in 69 industries and hours 

fell in 69 industries. (The industries with increasing output were not always the same as 

those with declining hours.) Productivity increased fastest in four detailed industries in 

the computer and electronic products manufacturing subsector (NAICS 334). 

Productivity grew an average 24.6 percent per year in computer and peripheral equipment 

(NAICS 3341), 19.0 percent per year in semiconductors and electronic components 

(NAICS 3344), 7.8 percent in audio and video equipment (NAICS 3343), and 7.4 percent 

in communications equipment (NAICS 3342). The only industry with declining labor 

productivity over the long-term period was accessories and other apparel manufacturing 

(NAICS 3159). Productivity in this industry fell at an average annual rate of 1.0 percent, 

reflecting a more rapid decline in output than in hours. 

 Unit labor costs fell in 19 of the 86 detailed manufacturing industries from 1987 

to 2005. The four industries in the computer and electronic products manufacturing 

subsector (NAICS 334) that posted the fastest productivity increases also had the largest 

declines in unit labor costs. Unit labor costs fell an average 18.2 percent per year in 

computer and peripheral equipment (NAICS 3341), 13.1 percent in semiconductors and 

other electronic equipment (NAICS 3344), 4.2 percent in communications equipment 

(NAICS 3342), and 2.2 percent in audio and video equipment (NAICS 3343). 
 4 

Technical Note 

Output

Industry output is measured as sectoral output, the total value in real terms of 

goods and services produced for sale outside the industry. Wherever possible, the 

indexes of industry output are calculated with a Törnqvist formula. This formula 

aggregates the growth rates of the various industry outputs between two periods, using 

their relative shares in industry value of production, averaged over the two periods, as 

weights. 

Industry output measures for manufacturing industries are constructed using data 

from the economic censuses and annual surveys of the Bureau of the Census, U.S. 

Department of Commerce, together with information on price changes primarily from the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Labor Hours 

The industry labor input measures represent the hours of all workers in the 

industry. The primary source of data on employment and hours is the BLS Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey, which provides monthly data on the number of jobs 

held by wage and salary workers employed directly by nonfarm establishments. The 

CES survey also provides data on the average weekly hours of production and 

nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. 

 

Data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) are used to supplement the CES 

data. The Division of Industry Productivity Studies (DIPS) estimates the average weekly 

hours of supervisory and nonproduction workers for each industry using data from the 

CPS together with the CES data. For the industries covered in this release, the hours of 

production and nonproduction workers are treated as homogeneous and are directly 

aggregated. 

Labor Productivity 

The industry labor productivity measures describe the relationship between output 

and the labor time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to 

period in the amount of goods and services produced per hour. Industry output per hour 

indexes are prepared from data published by various public and private agencies, using 

the greatest level of industry detail available. 

Although the labor productivity measures relate output to hours of employees or 

all persons engaged in an industry, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor, 

capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many 

influences, including changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; 

utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the use of purchased services inputs, 

including contract employment services; the organization of production; managerial skill; 

and the characteristics and effort of the workforce. 
 5 

Long-term productivity trends tend to be more reliable indicators of the 

performance of an industry than are year-to-year changes. The annual changes in an 

industry’s output and use of labor may reflect cyclical changes in the economy rather 

than long-term trends. Also, annual productivity indexes are based on sample data, 

which are likely to differ from data generated by a census of establishments in the 

industry. 

Unit Labor Costs 

The unit labor cost series represents the cost of labor input required to produce 

one unit of output. The indexes of unit labor costs for each industry are computed by 

dividing an index of industry labor compensation by an index of industry output. 

Compensation, defined as payroll plus supplemental payments, is a measure of the cost to 

the employer of securing the services of labor. Payroll includes salaries, wages, 

commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in 

kind. Supplemental payments include legally required expenditures and payments for 

voluntary programs. The legally required portion consists primarily of Federal old age 

and survivors’ insurance, unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation. 

Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not specifically required by 

legislation, such as the employer portion of private health insurance and pension plans. 

Notes

The measures in this news release incorporate revised data from the Census 

Bureau’s 2005 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) and the annual benchmark 

revision of the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey published in February 

2007. These measures replace the manufacturing series published in the news release 

Productivity and Costs by Industry: Manufacturing, 2004 (released May 2, 2006) and in 

table 51 of the Monthly Labor Review. All of the measures for 2005 in this release are 

preliminary and subject to revision. 

Published productivity and unit labor cost indexes for selected NAICS industries, 

including the industries covered in this report, can be accessed electronically by visiting 

the Labor Productivity and Costs Web site: http://www.bls.gov/lpc/home.htm. While 

the index numbers and rates of change reported by BLS in this news release are rounded 

to one decimal place, all industry productivity percent changes in this release and on the 

BLS web site are calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. 

Measures for selected detailed industries are available upon request by calling the 

Division of Industry Productivity Studies (202-691-5618) or by sending a request by email: dipsweb@bls.gov. Data on industry employment, annual hours, the net value of 

production, and the implicit price deflator for output also are available upon request. 

Material in this report is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be 

used without permission. Information in this report will be made available to sensoryimpaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5618; TDD message referral 

phone number: 1-800-877-8339. 
Table 1. Percent change in output per hour, output, hours, compensation, and unit labor costs, 2004-2005

2005 Percent change, 2004-2005

NAICS Industry Employment Output Total Unit labor

code (thousands) per hour Output Hours compensation costs

Manufacturing

311 Food 1478 5.5 3.6 -1.8 2.9 -0.7

3111 Animal food 49 11.1 8.8 -2.0 5.0 -3.5

3112 Grain and oilseed milling 61 5.7 5.9 0.2 4.9 -0.9

3113 Sugar and confectionery products 79 11.1 2.5 -7.7 1.9 -0.6

3114 Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty 174 4.6 0.2 -4.2 7.1 6.9

3115 Dairy products 132 2.0 5.3 3.2 4.6 -0.7

3116 Animal slaughtering and processing 504 8.7 5.2 -3.3 1.6 -3.4

3117 Seafood product preparation and packaging 41 14.8 5.1 -8.4 7.5 2.3

3118 Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing 280 1.4 0.9 -0.5 -1.2 -2.1

3119 Other food products 159 -3.3 0.1 3.5 4.7 4.6

312 Beverages and tobacco products 192 5.6 5.0 -0.6 3.9 -1.0

3121 Beverages 167 4.6 5.2 0.6 3.8 -1.3

3122 Tobacco and tobacco products 25 13.0 4.5 -7.5 4.3 -0.2

313 Textile mills 218 6.6 -1.3 -7.5 -5.8 -4.5

3131 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 50 -2.4 -3.4 -1.1 -4.8 -1.4

3132 Fabric mills 104 8.6 -3.0 -10.7 -7.6 -4.7

3133 Textile and fabric finishing mills 63 9.5 1.9 -7.0 -2.6 -4.4

314 Textile product mills 170 8.8 5.3 -3.2 -2.5 -7.4

3141 Textile furnishings mills 96 10.5 5.6 -4.4 -4.8 -9.9

3149 Other textile product mills 74 6.2 4.6 -1.5 0.2 -4.2

315 Apparel 257 7.6 -3.4 -10.2 -8.1 -4.9

3151 Apparel knitting mills 37 23.7 11.0 -10.2 -8.2 -17.3

3152 Cut and sew apparel 200 4.3 -6.7 -10.5 -8.7 -2.2

3159 Accessories and other apparel 21 15.2 6.5 -7.5 -3.0 -8.9

316 Leather and allied products 40 9.8 4.2 -5.1 1.2 -2.9

3161 Leather and hide tanning and finishing 7 10.3 -0.7 -10.0 -2.5 -1.9

3162 Footwear 18 6.9 2.2 -4.4 -2.0 -4.1

3169 Other leather products 15 14.1 10.1 -3.5 7.6 -2.2

321 Wood products 560 6.5 6.7 0.2 5.0 -1.5

3211 Sawmills and wood preservation 119 8.2 7.7 -0.5 5.0 -2.5

3212 Plywood and engineered wood products 123 7.2 8.1 0.8 5.9 -2.0

3219 Other wood products 317 5.2 5.4 0.2 4.7 -0.7

322 Paper and paper products 484 1.5 0.5 -1.1 1.3 0.8

3221 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 142 0.6 0.0 -0.6 2.1 2.1

3222 Converted paper products 343 2.1 0.8 -1.2 0.7 -0.1

323 Printing and related support activities * 646 4.5 2.3 -2.2 0.6 -1.7

324 Petroleum and coal products * 112 0.3 0.2 -0.1 8.8 8.7

325 Chemicals 872 5.5 1.9 -3.4 3.8 1.9

3251 Basic chemicals 150 5.7 -0.7 -6.0 0.6 1.3

3252 Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers 108 4.8 3.8 -1.0 7.2 3.3

3253 Agricultural chemicals 40 14.2 9.6 -4.1 1.2 -7.6

3254 Pharmaceuticals and medicines 288 3.6 0.8 -2.7 7.1 6.2

3255 Paints, coatings, and adhesives 68 3.6 1.3 -2.3 1.2 -0.1

3256 Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries 114 12.8 7.7 -4.5 4.3 -3.2

3259 Other chemical products and preparations 104 1.8 -1.2 -3.0 -0.2 1.0

326 Plastics and rubber products 804 3.1 1.2 -1.9 2.4 1.2

3261 Plastics products 635 2.7 1.2 -1.5 2.8 1.6

3262 Rubber products 168 4.3 0.8 -3.4 0.6 -0.1

 * 3-digit industry is the same as the 4-digit.
Table 1. Percent change in output per hour, output, hours, compensation, and unit labor costs, 2004-2005

2005 Percent change, 2004-2005

NAICS Industry Employment Output Total Unit labor

code (thousands) per hour Output Hours compensation costs

327 Nonmetallic mineral products 505 5.4 4.0 -1.3 4.4 0.4

3271 Clay products and refractories 62 6.6 2.9 -3.5 1.2 -1.7

3272 Glass and glass products 108 7.8 0.3 -6.9 0.1 -0.2

3273 Cement and concrete products 240 2.6 4.8 2.1 7.3 2.5

3274 Lime and gypsum products 20 12.1 7.4 -4.2 9.2 1.7

3279 Other nonmetallic mineral products 76 6.9 5.6 -1.2 3.8 -1.7

331 Primary metals 466 1.8 1.8 0.0 0.9 -0.9

3311 Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production 96 -2.6 -1.9 0.7 -2.5 -0.6

3312 Steel products from purchased steel 61 2.1 4.2 2.0 2.6 -1.5

3313 Alumina and aluminum production 73 12.0 11.4 -0.6 3.8 -6.8

3314 Other nonferrous metal production 72 -0.5 1.5 2.0 3.5 1.9

3315 Foundries 164 3.3 1.4 -1.8 1.6 0.1

332 Fabricated metal products 1522 2.6 4.2 1.6 3.4 -0.8

3321 Forging and stamping 111 3.3 4.2 0.9 4.0 -0.2

3322 Cutlery and hand tools 56 8.2 2.7 -5.0 0.6 -2.1

3323 Architectural and structural metals 398 2.5 6.8 4.2 3.4 -3.2

3324 Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers 91 0.4 -0.4 -0.9 2.0 2.4

3325 Hardware 36 5.1 -4.5 -9.2 -6.2 -1.8

3326 Spring and wire products 59 9.3 2.7 -6.0 3.3 0.6

3327 Machine shops and threaded products 345 0.6 5.3 4.6 6.2 0.9

3328 Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals 145 8.5 9.7 1.1 3.2 -5.9

3329 Other fabricated metal products 282 1.3 2.1 0.8 2.6 0.6

333 Machinery 1163 5.3 6.9 1.5 4.1 -2.6

3331 Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery 208 4.3 12.5 7.8 5.1 -6.5

3332 Industrial machinery 124 -3.6 -2.1 1.6 2.8 4.9

3333 Commercial and service industry machinery 111 6.6 0.6 -5.6 5.2 4.6

3334 HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment 153 3.7 4.5 0.9 5.4 0.8

3335 Metalworking machinery 202 8.1 7.2 -0.8 4.1 -2.8

3336 Turbine and power transmission equipment 98 3.7 9.2 5.2 3.4 -5.3

3339 Other general purpose machinery 268 7.9 8.8 0.9 3.7 -4.8

334 Computer and electronic products 1306 6.2 6.5 0.3 -1.0 -7.0

3341 Computer and peripheral equipment 205 38.4 28.0 -7.5 3.9 -18.8

3342 Communications equipment 147 -2.7 -1.7 1.0 -9.7 -8.2

3343 Audio and video equipment 32 0.0 0.4 0.4 1.5 1.1

3344 Semiconductors and electronic components 452 7.1 6.6 -0.4 2.9 -3.5

3345 Electronic instruments 436 -3.9 1.2 5.3 -1.3 -2.5

3346 Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction 35 0.7 -3.2 -3.9 -9.3 -6.4

335 Electrical equipment and appliances 434 5.3 2.1 -3.1 1.3 -0.8

3351 Electric lighting equipment 61 8.9 4.2 -4.3 3.3 -0.8

3352 Household appliances 85 3.4 -0.4 -3.7 -5.3 -4.9

3353 Electrical equipment 152 5.4 1.5 -3.6 5.2 3.6

3359 Other electrical equipment and components 136 5.2 3.7 -1.5 0.4 -3.1

336 Transportation equipment 1772 4.1 4.4 0.3 -0.2 -4.4

3361 Motor vehicles 248 3.5 -0.2 -3.6 -2.4 -2.1

3362 Motor vehicle bodies and trailers 171 3.2 6.0 2.8 6.2 0.2

3363 Motor vehicle parts 678 4.7 1.3 -3.2 -4.0 -5.2

3364 Aerospace products and parts 455 11.3 16.2 4.4 3.8 -10.7

3365 Railroad rolling stock 27 -8.0 3.2 12.2 3.5 0.3

3366 Ship and boat building 153 -4.0 2.5 6.7 0.3 -2.1

3369 Other transportation equipment 40 8.7 9.9 1.1 15.0 4.6

337 Furniture and related products 566 5.6 3.8 -1.7 1.9 -1.8

3371 Household and institutional furniture 380 6.8 4.2 -2.4 1.6 -2.5

3372 Office furniture and fixtures 133 4.3 3.6 -0.7 2.1 -1.5

3379 Other furniture-related products 52 1.7 2.0 0.4 3.4 1.4

339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 652 8.3 7.7 -0.5 4.0 -3.4

3391 Medical equipment and supplies 305 7.8 10.9 2.9 7.5 -3.1

3399 Other miscellaneous manufacturing 348 8.1 4.4 -3.4 0.6 -3.6
Table 2. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, hours, compensation, and unit labor costs, 1987-2005

Average annual percent change, 1987-2005

NAICS Industry Output Total Unit labor

code per hour Output Hours compensation costs

Manufacturing

311 Food 1.5 1.7 0.2 3.2 1.4

3111 Animal food 3.9 2.5 -1.3 3.3 0.8

3112 Grain and oilseed milling 3.0 1.8 -1.2 2.2 0.4

3113 Sugar and confectionery products 2.3 1.2 -1.0 2.3 1.1

3114 Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty 2.0 1.6 -0.4 2.9 1.3

3115 Dairy products 1.6 1.0 -0.5 3.2 2.1

3116 Animal slaughtering and processing 1.0 2.4 1.3 3.6 1.2

3117 Seafood product preparation and packaging 2.3 1.1 -1.2 3.2 2.1

3118 Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing 0.7 0.8 0.0 2.5 1.7

3119 Other food products 0.9 2.1 1.2 4.8 2.7

312 Beverages and tobacco products 1.4 0.3 -1.1 1.6 1.4

3121 Beverages 2.5 1.8 -0.6 2.0 0.2

3122 Tobacco and tobacco products 1.5 -2.0 -3.4 0.2 2.3

313 Textile mills 3.9 -1.1 -4.9 -1.6 -0.5

3131 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 4.6 0.1 -4.3 -1.2 -1.3

3132 Fabric mills 4.5 -1.5 -5.8 -1.5 0.0

3133 Textile and fabric finishing mills 2.4 -1.3 -3.6 -2.3 -1.0

314 Textile product mills 2.1 1.0 -1.0 1.6 0.5

3141 Textile furnishings mills 2.2 1.1 -1.1 0.6 -0.4

3149 Other textile product mills 1.8 0.9 -0.9 2.8 1.8

315 Apparel 2.5 -4.9 -7.2 -4.8 0.1

3151 Apparel knitting mills 2.5 -3.9 -6.3 -4.7 -0.8

3152 Cut and sew apparel 2.7 -5.1 -7.6 -5.0 0.1

3159 Accessories and other apparel -1.0 -4.2 -3.2 -2.6 1.7

316 Leather and allied products 2.9 -4.0 -6.8 -3.0 1.1

3161 Leather and hide tanning and finishing 0.7 -3.5 -4.2 -1.3 2.3

3162 Footwear 1.9 -6.8 -8.5 -4.5 2.5

3169 Other leather products 2.5 -2.4 -4.8 -1.8 0.6

321 Wood products 1.4 1.3 -0.2 3.5 2.2

3211 Sawmills and wood preservation 2.8 1.4 -1.4 2.2 0.8

3212 Plywood and engineered wood products 0.6 1.6 1.0 3.8 2.2

3219 Other wood products 1.1 1.0 -0.1 3.9 2.9

322 Paper and paper products 2.1 0.6 -1.5 1.9 1.3

3221 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 3.4 0.3 -3.0 1.0 0.7

3222 Converted paper products 1.4 0.7 -0.7 2.6 1.9

323 Printing and related support activities * 1.1 0.3 -0.8 1.8 1.5

324 Petroleum and coal products * 3.1 1.3 -1.8 4.2 2.8

325 Chemicals 2.4 1.8 -0.6 3.3 1.5

3251 Basic chemicals 3.1 0.5 -2.5 2.3 1.8

3252 Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers 2.8 1.3 -1.5 2.0 0.7

3253 Agricultural chemicals 2.9 1.5 -1.3 1.8 0.3

3254 Pharmaceuticals and medicines 1.2 4.0 2.8 6.5 2.4

3255 Paints, coatings, and adhesives 1.8 0.7 -1.1 2.5 1.8

3256 Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries 3.3 2.7 -0.6 2.9 0.2

3259 Other chemical products and preparations 2.8 0.6 -2.1 1.6 1.0

326 Plastics and rubber products 2.8 2.8 0.0 3.7 0.9

3261 Plastics products 2.8 3.2 0.4 4.2 1.0

3262 Rubber products 2.6 1.4 -1.2 2.2 0.8

 * 3-digit industry is the same as the 4-digit.
Table 2. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, hours, compensation, and unit labor costs, 1987-2005

Average annual percent change, 1987-2005

NAICS Industry Output Total Unit labor

code per hour Output Hours compensation costs

327 Nonmetallic mineral products 1.5 1.4 -0.1 2.7 1.3

3271 Clay products and refractories 1.6 -0.2 -1.8 1.0 1.1

3272 Glass and glass products 2.2 0.8 -1.4 1.4 0.5

3273 Cement and concrete products 0.7 2.0 1.3 4.0 2.0

3274 Lime and gypsum products 1.6 0.7 -0.9 3.1 2.4

3279 Other nonmetallic mineral products 2.0 1.5 -0.5 3.0 1.5

331 Primary metals 2.8 0.8 -2.0 1.0 0.2

3311 Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production 5.2 1.9 -3.1 0.0 -1.9

3312 Steel products from purchased steel 0.7 0.1 -0.6 1.5 1.4

3313 Alumina and aluminum production 3.0 0.7 -2.2 1.4 0.7

3314 Other nonferrous metal production 1.3 -0.8 -2.1 1.6 2.4

3315 Foundries 2.5 1.1 -1.4 1.7 0.6

332 Fabricated metal products 1.6 1.4 -0.2 2.6 1.2

3321 Forging and stamping 3.0 2.0 -1.1 2.0 0.0

3322 Cutlery and hand tools 1.7 -0.1 -1.7 1.6 1.7

3323 Architectural and structural metals 1.1 1.8 0.7 3.5 1.6

3324 Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers 0.5 -0.5 -1.0 1.2 1.7

3325 Hardware 2.3 -1.0 -3.2 -0.3 0.7

3326 Spring and wire products 3.3 1.6 -1.6 2.4 0.8

3327 Machine shops and threaded products 2.3 3.3 1.0 4.2 0.8

3328 Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals 3.3 3.6 0.3 3.5 -0.1

3329 Other fabricated metal products 1.2 0.3 -0.9 1.7 1.4

333 Machinery 2.7 1.9 -0.9 2.1 0.2

3331 Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery 3.2 3.2 0.0 2.5 -0.7

3332 Industrial machinery 2.7 1.9 -0.8 2.5 0.6

3333 Commercial and service industry machinery 1.5 -0.3 -1.8 0.4 0.7

3334 HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment 2.8 2.4 -0.4 2.6 0.2

3335 Metalworking machinery 2.2 0.8 -1.4 1.7 0.9

3336 Turbine and power transmission equipment 2.8 2.1 -0.7 1.1 -0.9

3339 Other general purpose machinery 2.8 1.9 -0.9 2.7 0.9

334 Computer and electronic products 13.1 10.4 -2.4 0.8 -8.7

3341 Computer and peripheral equipment 24.6 19.5 -4.1 -2.3 -18.2

3342 Communications equipment 7.4 4.8 -2.5 0.3 -4.2

3343 Audio and video equipment 7.8 4.2 -3.3 1.9 -2.2

3344 Semiconductors and electronic components 19.0 17.2 -1.5 1.9 -13.1

3345 Electronic instruments 3.9 1.4 -2.4 1.2 -0.2

3346 Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction 2.9 2.8 -0.1 1.8 -0.9

335 Electrical equipment and appliances 3.1 0.6 -2.4 1.3 0.7

3351 Electric lighting equipment 2.2 0.5 -1.6 1.7 1.2

3352 Household appliances 4.6 2.0 -2.5 1.0 -1.0

3353 Electrical equipment 3.0 0.0 -2.9 1.2 1.2

3359 Other electrical equipment and components 2.4 0.3 -2.1 1.4 1.1

336 Transportation equipment 2.9 1.9 -1.1 1.6 -0.2

3361 Motor vehicles 3.8 2.5 -1.2 2.2 -0.3

3362 Motor vehicle bodies and trailers 1.7 3.0 1.3 5.0 1.9

3363 Motor vehicle parts 3.4 3.8 0.3 2.6 -1.1

3364 Aerospace products and parts 2.1 -1.2 -3.2 -0.2 1.0

3365 Railroad rolling stock 4.4 4.8 0.3 2.9 -1.7

3366 Ship and boat building 1.9 1.1 -0.8 2.1 1.0

3369 Other transportation equipment 5.2 5.5 0.3 4.3 -1.2

337 Furniture and related products 2.2 1.8 -0.4 3.0 1.2

3371 Household and institutional furniture 2.0 1.6 -0.4 3.1 1.4

3372 Office furniture and fixtures 2.6 1.7 -0.9 2.7 1.0

3379 Other furniture-related products 2.0 2.6 0.6 3.7 1.1

339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 3.3 3.3 0.0 4.6 1.2

3391 Medical equipment and supplies 3.8 4.8 1.0 5.7 0.8

3399 Other miscellaneous manufacturing 2.7 2.0 -0.7 3.6 1.6