For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, October 3, 2023 USDL-23-2127 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2023 

The number of job openings increased to 9.6 million on the last business day of August, the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations changed 

little at 5.9 million and 5.7 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.6 million) and layoffs and 

discharges (1.7 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job 

openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size 

class. 

Job Openings

On the last business day of August, the number and rate of job openings increased to 9.6 million

(+690,000) and 5.8 percent, respectively. Over the month, job openings increased in professional and 

business services (+509,000), finance and insurance (+96,000), state and local government education 

(+76,000), nondurable goods manufacturing (+59,000), and federal government (+31,000). 

(See table 1.)

Hires

In August, the number of hires changed little at 5.9 million and the rate was unchanged at 3.7 percent. 

The number of hires changed little in all industries. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ 

willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the 
- 2 -

employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to 

other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in August was little changed at 5.7 million, and the rate was 

unchanged at 3.6 percent. Over the month, the number of total separations increased in accommodation 

and food services (+105,000) but decreased in information (-41,000) and federal government (-8,000). 

(See table 3.)

In August, the number of quits changed little at 3.6 million and the rate was unchanged at 2.3 percent.

The number of quits increased in accommodation and food services (+88,000); finance and insurance

(+28,000); state and local government, excluding education (+21,000); and arts, entertainment, and 

recreation (+18,000). The number of quits decreased in information (-30,000). (See table 4.)

In August, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.7 million, and the rate held at 1.1

percent. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in state and local government, excluding 

education (-39,000), but increased in state and local government education (+27,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in August at 357,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In August, the layoffs and discharges rate for establishments with 1 to 9 employees decreased. Job 

openings, hires, and total separations rates were little changed for establishments with 5,000 or more

employees. (See table 7.)

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for September 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, November 1, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 10,198 8,920 9,610 6,478 5,822 5,857 6,244 5,638 5,676

Total private....................................... 9,179 7,958 8,558 6,061 5,464 5,499 5,859 5,268 5,320

Mining and logging............................. 20 26 30 19 28 28 20 25 28

Construction.................................... 345 353 350 382 382 356 380 364 337

Manufacturing.................................. 832 544 616 473 405 402 438 415 391

Durable goods............................... 516 368 380 276 214 206 240 211 194

Nondurable goods........................... 316 177 236 197 191 196 198 204 197

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,589 1,442 1,333 1,331 1,183 1,144 1,302 1,158 1,139

Wholesale trade............................. 344 246 231 173 147 151 164 125 137

Retail trade................................... 790 713 665 786 737 678 786 714 667

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 455 483 436 372 299 315 351 318 335

Information...................................... 227 254 234 111 85 77 119 113 72

Financial activities.............................. 521 476 562 243 206 215 233 181 208

Finance and insurance..................... 341 321 417 155 127 146 145 112 131

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 180 154 146 88 79 69 88 69 77

Professional and business services......... 1,877 1,432 1,941 1,216 1,090 1,115 1,191 1,096 1,131

Education and health services............... 2,089 1,891 1,931 862 865 860 763 759 732

Educational services........................ 172 175 176 99 93 98 85 95 89

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,917 1,716 1,756 763 772 763 678 664 643

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,405 1,231 1,177 1,177 1,019 1,103 1,166 953 1,081

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 188 156 158 165 152 168 159 144 166

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 1,217 1,075 1,020 1,013 867 936 1,007 809 914

Other services.................................. 274 308 383 247 203 198 248 205 201

Government....................................... 1,019 962 1,052 417 357 358 385 370 355

Federal.......................................... 134 151 182 38 46 40 41 39 31

State and local................................. 884 812 870 380 312 318 344 331 324

State and local education.................. 306 219 295 184 140 157 176 165 180

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 579 592 576 195 171 160 168 166 144

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 6.2 5.4 5.8 4.2 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.6 3.6

Total private....................................... 6.5 5.6 6.0 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.5 3.9 4.0

Mining and logging............................. 3.1 3.9 4.5 3.2 4.3 4.4 3.3 3.8 4.3

Construction.................................... 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.9 4.6 4.2

Manufacturing.................................. 6.1 4.0 4.5 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.0

Durable goods............................... 6.0 4.3 4.5 3.4 2.6 2.5 3.0 2.6 2.4

Nondurable goods........................... 6.1 3.5 4.6 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.2 4.8 4.4 4.6 4.1 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.9

Wholesale trade............................. 5.4 3.9 3.7 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.3

Retail trade................................... 4.8 4.4 4.1 5.1 4.7 4.4 5.1 4.6 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 5.9 6.2 5.7 5.1 4.1 4.4 4.8 4.4 4.6

Information...................................... 6.8 7.6 7.1 3.6 2.8 2.5 3.8 3.7 2.3

Financial activities.............................. 5.4 4.9 5.8 2.7 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.0 2.3

Finance and insurance..................... 4.9 4.6 5.8 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.7 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 7.0 6.0 5.7 3.7 3.3 2.8 3.7 2.8 3.2

Professional and business services......... 7.6 5.9 7.8 5.4 4.7 4.8 5.2 4.8 4.9

Education and health services............... 7.9 6.9 7.0 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.9

Educational services........................ 4.3 4.3 4.3 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 8.5 7.4 7.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................ 8.1 6.9 6.6 7.4 6.1 6.6 7.3 5.7 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 7.5 6.0 6.0 7.1 6.2 6.8 6.9 5.8 6.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 8.2 7.1 6.7 7.4 6.1 6.6 7.4 5.7 6.4

Other services.................................. 4.6 5.0 6.1 4.3 3.5 3.4 4.3 3.5 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Government....................................... 4.4 4.1 4.4 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

Federal.......................................... 4.5 4.9 5.8 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.1

State and local................................. 4.4 4.0 4.2 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6

State and local education.................. 2.9 2.1 2.8 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 6.0 6.0 5.8 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 

industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 

North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists, and there is work

available for that position. The position can

be full-time or part-time, and it can be

permanent, short-term, or seasonal.

• The job could start within 30 days, whether

or not the employer can find a suitable

candidate during that time.

• The employer is actively recruiting workers

from outside the establishment to fill the

position. Active recruiting means that the

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future; 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work; and positions to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings—that is, all filled and 

unfilled jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability, and deaths.

Excluded from separations measures are transfers 

within the same location; employees on strike; and 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. 

The sampling frame is made up of 

establishments from two sources: the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the 

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The QCEW 

database contains establishments that cover 

approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in 

the United States. This database is a compilation of 

administrative data from state unemployment 

insurance (UI) programs and federal government 

establishments covered by the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) 

program. A frame of railroad establishments is 

provided by the FRA. This is added to the QCEW 

database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame.

The JOLTS estimation method involves the 

following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, 

item nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking 

and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and 

death model estimation, estimates review and outlier 

selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and 

variance estimates. Establishment size class levels are 

also produced. Detailed information about the 

estimation method can be found in the Handbook of 

Methods at 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through 

which the JOLTS weighted employment for each 

estimation cell is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells 

are benchmarked monthly to the current employment 

level from the BLS Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked

to ensure that JOLTS weighted employment is equal 

to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many new establishments fail within the 

first year, referred to as a death. Because new and 

short-lived universe establishments cannot be 

reflected in the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, 

and separations from these establishments during 

their early existence. BLS has developed a 

birth/death model that uses establishment birth and 

death activity from previous years as collected by the 

QCEW and projects forward to the present using 

over-the-year change in the CES. The birth/death 

model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate 

the amount of churn (meaning the rates of hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate 

the number of hires and separations that take place in 

these establishments that cannot be measured through 

sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences between the two surveys, as well as 

sampling and nonsampling errors, historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.
Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the 

seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) 

is used to seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each 

month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 

including the current month, to calculate new 

seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are 

used as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. 

JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive 

and multiplicative models, as well as regression with 

autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to 

improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 

beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The

JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the 

issuance of data for January. Five years of data are 

subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 

1) benchmarks based on CES employment estimates 

newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal 

adjustment factors, and 3) any needed special 

adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels for each data element by the

sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment 

levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error. 

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. Sampling error estimates are available 

at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Total............................................... 10,198 9,616 9,165 8,920 9,610 690 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.4 5.8 0.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 9,179 8,496 8,048 7,958 8,558 600 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.6 6.0 0.4

Mining and logging......................... 20 32 31 26 30 4 3.1 4.7 4.6 3.9 4.5 0.6

Construction................................ 345 379 386 353 350 -3 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.2 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 832 608 580 544 616 72 6.1 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.5 0.5

Durable goods........................... 516 379 364 368 380 12 6.0 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.5 0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 316 229 215 177 236 59 6.1 4.5 4.2 3.5 4.6 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,589 1,638 1,450 1,442 1,333 -109 5.2 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.4 -0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 344 252 269 246 231 -15 5.4 4.0 4.3 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Retail trade............................... 790 816 737 713 665 -48 4.8 5.0 4.5 4.4 4.1 -0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 455 571 444 483 436 -47 5.9 7.3 5.7 6.2 5.7 -0.5

Information.................................. 227 190 159 254 234 -20 6.8 5.8 4.9 7.6 7.1 -0.5

Financial activities......................... 521 430 457 476 562 86 5.4 4.5 4.8 4.9 5.8 0.9

Finance and insurance................. 341 306 328 321 417 96 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.6 5.8 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 180 124 129 154 146 -8 7.0 4.9 5.1 6.0 5.7 -0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,877 1,695 1,534 1,432 1,941 509 7.6 6.9 6.2 5.9 7.8 1.9

Education and health services........... 2,089 1,905 1,910 1,891 1,931 40 7.9 7.0 7.0 6.9 7.0 0.1

Educational services.................... 172 204 173 175 176 1 4.3 4.9 4.2 4.3 4.3 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,917 1,701 1,737 1,716 1,756 40 8.5 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.5 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,405 1,303 1,166 1,231 1,177 -54 8.1 7.3 6.6 6.9 6.6 -0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 188 154 162 156 158 2 7.5 5.9 6.2 6.0 6.0 0.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,217 1,149 1,004 1,075 1,020 -55 8.2 7.5 6.6 7.1 6.7 -0.4

Other services.............................. 274 317 376 308 383 75 4.6 5.1 6.0 5.0 6.1 1.1

Government................................... 1,019 1,120 1,117 962 1,052 90 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.4 0.3

Federal...................................... 134 181 155 151 182 31 4.5 5.9 5.0 4.9 5.8 0.9

State and local............................. 884 938 962 812 870 58 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.0 4.2 0.2

State and local education.............. 306 338 288 219 295 76 2.9 3.1 2.7 2.1 2.8 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 579 600 674 592 576 -16 6.0 6.1 6.8 6.0 5.8 -0.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,669 1,436 1,493 1,490 1,541 51 5.7 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.2 0.1

South........................................... 3,970 4,035 3,785 3,511 3,789 278 6.5 6.5 6.1 5.7 6.1 0.4

Midwest........................................ 2,142 2,106 1,918 1,827 2,065 238 6.1 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.8 0.6

West............................................ 2,417 2,039 1,970 2,092 2,216 124 6.3 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.7 0.3

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Total............................................... 6,478 6,231 5,940 5,822 5,857 35 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.7 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,061 5,828 5,554 5,464 5,499 35 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 19 29 26 28 28 0 3.2 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.4 0.1

Construction................................ 382 361 372 382 356 -26 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.4 -0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 473 451 396 405 402 -3 3.7 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 0.0

Durable goods........................... 276 250 203 214 206 -8 3.4 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.5 -0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 197 201 194 191 196 5 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,331 1,325 1,174 1,183 1,144 -39 4.6 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 173 170 143 147 151 4 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.5 0.1

Retail trade............................... 786 819 717 737 678 -59 5.1 5.3 4.6 4.7 4.4 -0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 372 336 314 299 315 16 5.1 4.6 4.3 4.1 4.4 0.3

Information.................................. 111 67 79 85 77 -8 3.6 2.2 2.6 2.8 2.5 -0.3

Financial activities......................... 243 233 183 206 215 9 2.7 2.5 2.0 2.2 2.3 0.1

Finance and insurance................. 155 171 109 127 146 19 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.9 2.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 88 62 74 79 69 -10 3.7 2.6 3.1 3.3 2.8 -0.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,216 1,117 1,113 1,090 1,115 25 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8 0.1

Education and health services........... 862 948 934 865 860 -5 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.4 0.0

Educational services.................... 99 99 104 93 98 5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 763 849 830 772 763 -9 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,177 1,077 1,057 1,019 1,103 84 7.4 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.6 0.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 165 150 182 152 168 16 7.1 6.2 7.4 6.2 6.8 0.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,013 926 874 867 936 69 7.4 6.6 6.2 6.1 6.6 0.5

Other services.............................. 247 221 220 203 198 -5 4.3 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Government................................... 417 403 386 357 358 1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 0.0

Federal...................................... 38 51 49 46 40 -6 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 -0.2

State and local............................. 380 352 337 312 318 6 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 0.0

State and local education.............. 184 185 177 140 157 17 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.5 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 195 167 160 171 160 -11 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 914 900 884 871 937 66 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.4 0.3

South........................................... 2,656 2,631 2,495 2,456 2,528 72 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.3 0.1

Midwest........................................ 1,369 1,366 1,214 1,188 1,206 18 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 0.0

West............................................ 1,539 1,334 1,347 1,307 1,186 -121 4.2 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.2 -0.3

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Total............................................... 6,244 5,925 5,691 5,638 5,676 38 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,859 5,579 5,365 5,268 5,320 52 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 0.1

Mining and logging......................... 20 25 27 25 28 3 3.3 3.8 4.3 3.8 4.3 0.5

Construction................................ 380 341 318 364 337 -27 4.9 4.3 4.0 4.6 4.2 -0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 438 445 391 415 391 -24 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Durable goods........................... 240 238 195 211 194 -17 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 198 207 197 204 197 -7 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,302 1,346 1,163 1,158 1,139 -19 4.5 4.7 4.0 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 164 173 149 125 137 12 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.1 2.3 0.2

Retail trade............................... 786 847 699 714 667 -47 5.1 5.4 4.5 4.6 4.3 -0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 351 326 314 318 335 17 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.6 0.2

Information.................................. 119 83 86 113 72 -41 3.8 2.7 2.8 3.7 2.3 -1.4

Financial activities......................... 233 203 166 181 208 27 2.6 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 145 145 105 112 131 19 2.2 2.2 1.6 1.7 2.0 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 88 58 60 69 77 8 3.7 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.2 0.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,191 1,014 1,123 1,096 1,131 35 5.2 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.9 0.1

Education and health services........... 763 889 842 759 732 -27 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.0 2.9 -0.1

Educational services.................... 85 89 94 95 89 -6 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 678 801 749 664 643 -21 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.0 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,166 1,024 1,025 953 1,081 128 7.3 6.2 6.2 5.7 6.5 0.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 159 141 161 144 166 22 6.9 5.8 6.5 5.8 6.7 0.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,007 883 865 809 914 105 7.4 6.3 6.1 5.7 6.4 0.7

Other services.............................. 248 210 224 205 201 -4 4.3 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Government................................... 385 346 326 370 355 -15 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 0.0

Federal...................................... 41 44 42 39 31 -8 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 -0.2

State and local............................. 344 303 284 331 324 -7 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.6 -0.1

State and local education.............. 176 156 153 165 180 15 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 168 146 131 166 144 -22 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.5 -0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 916 864 828 826 747 -79 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.7 -0.3

South........................................... 2,644 2,604 2,391 2,376 2,380 4 4.6 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

Midwest........................................ 1,231 1,218 1,214 1,191 1,338 147 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.0 0.4

West............................................ 1,453 1,239 1,258 1,245 1,210 -35 4.0 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Total............................................... 4,242 4,067 3,802 3,619 3,638 19 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,016 3,869 3,618 3,409 3,422 13 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 14 16 16 16 17 1 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 0.2

Construction................................ 227 207 180 182 167 -15 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 284 283 258 259 229 -30 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.8 -0.2

Durable goods........................... 157 143 123 125 104 -21 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.3 -0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 127 140 135 134 126 -8 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.6 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 900 913 798 799 776 -23 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.7 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 99 115 106 81 102 21 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.7 0.4

Retail trade............................... 572 593 493 528 476 -52 3.7 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.1 -0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 228 204 199 190 198 8 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 0.1

Information.................................. 56 34 48 57 27 -30 1.8 1.1 1.5 1.8 0.9 -0.9

Financial activities......................... 149 133 125 112 141 29 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.5 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 90 92 77 65 93 28 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 59 41 48 47 47 0 2.5 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 0.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 717 637 612 600 596 -4 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 0.0

Education and health services........... 579 675 614 524 495 -29 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.1 1.9 -0.2

Educational services.................... 56 61 55 55 51 -4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 523 613 559 469 444 -25 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.1 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 922 809 828 732 837 105 5.8 4.9 5.0 4.4 5.0 0.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 74 83 106 90 108 18 3.2 3.4 4.3 3.7 4.3 0.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 848 725 722 642 730 88 6.2 5.1 5.1 4.5 5.1 0.6

Other services.............................. 168 163 139 129 136 7 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.3 0.1

Government................................... 226 197 184 211 216 5 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.1

Federal...................................... 23 20 20 18 15 -3 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 -0.1

State and local............................. 203 177 164 192 201 9 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.0

State and local education.............. 102 97 100 115 102 -13 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 101 80 64 78 99 21 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 623 549 475 473 401 -72 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.4 -0.3

South........................................... 1,850 1,872 1,683 1,617 1,646 29 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 0.0

Midwest........................................ 815 809 812 745 830 85 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.5 0.3

West............................................ 954 836 832 784 760 -24 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 0.0

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Total............................................... 1,627 1,546 1,551 1,681 1,680 -1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,536 1,460 1,464 1,577 1,591 14 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 6 8 11 7 10 3 0.9 1.3 1.7 1.1 1.5 0.4

Construction................................ 130 127 122 178 159 -19 1.7 1.6 1.5 2.2 2.0 -0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 118 142 113 134 142 8 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.1

Durable goods........................... 60 84 61 73 79 6 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 58 58 51 60 62 2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 334 387 312 304 297 -7 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 53 52 34 41 23 -18 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.4 -0.3

Retail trade............................... 182 232 180 158 162 4 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 100 103 97 105 113 8 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 0.2

Information.................................. 59 41 26 46 27 -19 1.9 1.3 0.8 1.5 0.9 -0.6

Financial activities......................... 56 50 24 43 55 12 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.1

Finance and insurance................. 32 37 14 26 34 8 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 24 13 11 17 21 4 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 412 310 423 417 432 15 1.8 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.9 0.1

Education and health services........... 134 151 181 174 198 24 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1

Educational services.................... 24 22 32 34 36 2 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 110 130 149 141 162 21 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 218 202 183 212 225 13 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 82 55 51 49 55 6 3.6 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 136 147 132 163 170 7 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.0

Other services.............................. 69 41 69 62 47 -15 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.8 -0.3

Government................................... 92 86 87 104 90 -14 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 -0.1

Federal...................................... 7 8 8 7 6 -1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1

State and local............................. 84 78 79 96 84 -12 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 -0.1

State and local education.............. 40 37 34 28 55 27 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 44 41 45 68 29 -39 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.3 -0.4

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 230 256 269 309 278 -31 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

South........................................... 651 616 591 615 600 -15 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 339 342 322 368 442 74 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.2

West............................................ 407 332 369 388 361 -27 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Total............................................... 375 313 339 338 357 19 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 307 250 284 282 307 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 1 2 1 -1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Construction................................ 22 7 16 4 11 7 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 36 20 20 22 20 -2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Durable goods........................... 23 12 10 13 11 -2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 14 8 10 9 9 0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 68 47 52 54 66 12 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 12 6 8 3 12 9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 32 23 26 28 30 2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 24 19 18 23 24 1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

Information.................................. 4 8 12 11 19 8 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.2

Financial activities......................... 28 20 16 27 12 -15 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 -0.2

Finance and insurance................. 24 16 15 22 4 -18 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 -0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 4 4 1 5 8 3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 62 66 88 79 103 24 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1

Education and health services........... 50 63 47 61 39 -22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Educational services.................... 4 5 7 7 3 -4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 45 57 40 54 36 -18 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 26 13 14 8 18 10 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 3 3 4 5 4 -1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 23 10 10 4 14 10 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Other services.............................. 10 6 16 15 17 2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

Government................................... 68 63 55 56 50 -6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Federal...................................... 11 15 14 13 11 -2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0

State and local............................. 57 48 41 43 39 -4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local education.............. 34 22 19 23 23 0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 23 26 22 20 16 -4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 64 59 84 43 67 24 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

South........................................... 144 117 118 144 134 -10 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Midwest........................................ 77 66 80 78 67 -11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

West............................................ 91 70 58 73 89 16 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July 2023 -

Aug. 2023p

Aug.

2022

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July 2023 -

Aug. 2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private.......................... 9,179 8,496 8,048 7,958 8,558 600 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.6 6.0 0.4

1 to 9 employees.................. 1,570 1,439 1,472 1,565 1,787 222 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.9 7.9 1.0

10 to 49 employees............... 2,939 2,559 2,435 2,292 2,359 67 6.1 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.1 -0.1

50 to 249 employees............. 2,655 2,514 2,303 2,207 2,379 172 6.7 6.0 5.5 5.2 5.7 0.5

250 to 999 employees............ 1,106 1,080 1,003 1,035 1,110 75 6.6 6.1 5.5 5.6 6.0 0.4

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 630 643 566 562 627 65 7.6 7.9 7.1 6.6 7.2 0.6

5,000 or more employees........ 279 262 269 296 295 -1 7.5 6.5 6.4 6.6 6.3 -0.3

HIRES

Total private.......................... 6,061 5,828 5,554 5,464 5,499 35 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 0.0

1 to 9 employees.................. 880 951 875 838 829 -9 3.9 4.4 4.0 3.9 4.0 0.1

10 to 49 employees............... 2,080 1,863 1,772 1,649 1,754 105 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0 0.1

50 to 249 employees............. 1,868 1,803 1,833 1,819 1,754 -65 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 0.0

250 to 999 employees............ 806 820 734 765 760 -5 5.2 4.9 4.2 4.4 4.4 0.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 353 305 257 302 319 17 4.6 4.1 3.5 3.8 4.0 0.2

5,000 or more employees........ 74 86 82 90 83 -7 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.9 -0.2

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................... 5,859 5,579 5,365 5,268 5,320 52 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 0.1

1 to 9 employees.................. 814 805 798 767 688 -79 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.3 -0.3

10 to 49 employees............... 1,996 1,958 1,780 1,780 1,783 3 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.1 -0.1

50 to 249 employees............. 1,941 1,722 1,668 1,647 1,642 -5 5.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2 0.1

250 to 999 employees............ 721 736 749 704 813 109 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.7 0.7

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 326 294 296 301 326 25 4.3 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.0 0.2

5,000 or more employees........ 61 63 75 70 68 -2 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.6 -0.1

QUITS

Total private........................ 4,016 3,869 3,618 3,409 3,422 13 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 526 626 514 416 437 21 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.0 2.1 0.1

10 to 49 employees............ 1,417 1,420 1,256 1,213 1,171 -42 3.1 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.7 -0.2

50 to 249 employees........... 1,344 1,165 1,191 1,146 1,155 9 3.7 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.0 0.2

250 to 999 employees......... 479 450 445 429 456 27 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.6 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 211 169 165 163 160 -3 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 -0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 40 39 47 42 43 1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.0

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private........................ 1,536 1,460 1,464 1,577 1,591 14 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 221 160 214 294 174 -120 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.4 0.8 -0.6

10 to 49 employees............ 479 451 445 481 515 34 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.1

50 to 249 employees........... 524 487 419 433 424 -9 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

250 to 999 employees......... 204 246 260 242 319 77 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.8 0.4

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 94 102 107 109 143 34 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.8 0.4

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 13 15 18 18 16 -2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private........................ 307 250 284 282 307 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 67 18 70 57 77 20 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1

10 to 49 employees............ 100 87 79 85 97 12 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 249 employees........... 73 70 58 68 63 -5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

250 to 999 employees......... 38 40 43 33 38 5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 20 24 24 29 23 -6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 -0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 9 10 9 10 9 -1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 10,370 9,660 9,577 6.3 5.8 5.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 9,329 8,621 8,508 6.6 6.0 5.9

Mining and logging............................................... 21 29 30 3.3 4.3 4.5

Construction....................................................... 362 374 360 4.3 4.4 4.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 865 572 640 6.3 4.2 4.7

Durable goods.................................................. 536 385 392 6.2 4.5 4.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 329 186 247 6.3 3.7 4.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,687 1,619 1,347 5.6 5.3 4.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 335 260 215 5.3 4.1 3.4

Retail trade..................................................... 901 848 717 5.5 5.2 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 451 510 415 5.9 6.7 5.5

Information........................................................ 219 263 230 6.6 7.8 6.9

Financial activities................................................ 512 520 565 5.3 5.3 5.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 325 351 404 4.6 4.9 5.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 188 169 161 7.2 6.4 6.1

Professional and business services............................ 1,893 1,512 1,914 7.7 6.2 7.7

Education and health services.................................. 2,049 2,039 1,875 7.8 7.5 6.9

Educational services.......................................... 169 202 171 4.5 5.2 4.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,880 1,837 1,704 8.3 7.9 7.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,455 1,364 1,165 8.1 7.3 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 187 151 147 6.8 5.1 5.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,268 1,212 1,017 8.3 7.7 6.5

Other services.................................................... 266 331 382 4.4 5.3 6.0

Government.......................................................... 1,041 1,038 1,069 4.6 4.6 4.7

Federal............................................................. 137 151 191 4.6 4.9 6.1

State and local.................................................... 904 887 879 4.6 4.5 4.5

State and local education..................................... 318 269 302 3.3 2.9 3.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 586 618 577 5.9 6.1 5.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,653 1,583 1,514 5.7 5.4 5.2

South................................................................. 4,108 3,885 3,797 6.7 6.3 6.1

Midwest............................................................... 2,147 1,958 2,029 6.2 5.6 5.7

West.................................................................. 2,462 2,234 2,237 6.4 5.7 5.7

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 7,301 6,305 6,556 4.8 4.0 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,541 5,896 5,925 5.0 4.4 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 20 29 29 3.2 4.5 4.5

Construction....................................................... 388 431 361 4.9 5.3 4.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 524 450 446 4.0 3.5 3.4

Durable goods.................................................. 298 233 220 3.7 2.9 2.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 226 218 226 4.6 4.5 4.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,439 1,151 1,217 5.0 4.0 4.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 179 160 153 3.0 2.6 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 885 731 763 5.7 4.7 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 375 260 301 5.3 3.6 4.2

Information........................................................ 125 96 84 4.0 3.1 2.7

Financial activities................................................ 256 235 231 2.8 2.5 2.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 165 137 161 2.5 2.0 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 91 98 70 3.8 4.0 2.8

Professional and business services............................ 1,240 1,199 1,127 5.4 5.2 4.9

Education and health services.................................. 1,033 998 1,017 4.3 4.0 4.0

Educational services.......................................... 173 119 167 4.8 3.3 4.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 860 879 850 4.2 4.1 3.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,266 1,079 1,218 7.6 6.2 7.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 133 152 140 5.1 5.4 5.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,133 927 1,078 8.1 6.3 7.4

Other services.................................................... 249 229 195 4.3 3.9 3.3

Government.......................................................... 760 409 631 3.5 1.9 2.9

Federal............................................................. 41 48 41 1.4 1.6 1.4

State and local.................................................... 719 361 590 3.9 1.9 3.1

State and local education..................................... 526 157 433 5.7 1.7 4.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 192 204 157 2.1 2.1 1.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 936 989 959 3.4 3.6 3.4

South................................................................. 3,056 2,630 2,913 5.4 4.5 5.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,527 1,236 1,339 4.7 3.7 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,781 1,450 1,345 4.9 3.9 3.6

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 7,351 6,175 6,805 4.8 4.0 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,798 5,739 6,289 5.2 4.3 4.7

Mining and logging............................................... 23 26 31 3.7 3.9 4.8

Construction....................................................... 425 398 377 5.3 4.9 4.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 532 448 473 4.1 3.4 3.6

Durable goods.................................................. 296 222 237 3.7 2.7 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 236 226 236 4.8 4.6 4.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,542 1,167 1,349 5.4 4.1 4.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 188 127 164 3.1 2.1 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 994 756 856 6.4 4.9 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 361 284 329 5.1 4.0 4.6

Information........................................................ 127 113 81 4.1 3.7 2.6

Financial activities................................................ 300 204 285 3.3 2.2 3.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 198 118 188 2.9 1.8 2.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 102 85 97 4.2 3.5 3.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,210 1,185 1,164 5.3 5.1 5.0

Education and health services.................................. 877 904 846 3.6 3.6 3.4

Educational services.......................................... 131 123 141 3.7 3.4 3.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 746 781 705 3.6 3.6 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,471 1,051 1,444 8.9 6.0 8.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 262 143 263 10.1 5.1 9.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,208 908 1,181 8.6 6.2 8.1

Other services.................................................... 291 243 239 5.0 4.1 4.0

Government.......................................................... 553 436 517 2.6 2.0 2.4

Federal............................................................. 49 40 35 1.7 1.4 1.2

State and local.................................................... 505 396 482 2.7 2.1 2.6

State and local education..................................... 259 235 276 2.8 2.6 3.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 245 161 206 2.6 1.7 2.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,110 919 961 4.1 3.3 3.4

South................................................................. 3,070 2,599 2,795 5.4 4.5 4.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,437 1,278 1,597 4.4 3.8 4.8

West.................................................................. 1,734 1,379 1,453 4.8 3.7 3.9

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 5,180 4,116 4,547 3.4 2.6 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,864 3,862 4,240 3.7 2.9 3.2

Mining and logging............................................... 16 17 20 2.6 2.7 3.1

Construction....................................................... 273 235 212 3.4 2.9 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 369 286 289 2.8 2.2 2.2

Durable goods.................................................. 208 133 133 2.6 1.6 1.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 160 153 157 3.3 3.1 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,127 852 978 3.9 3.0 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 127 85 130 2.1 1.4 2.1

Retail trade..................................................... 741 582 632 4.8 3.7 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 259 185 216 3.6 2.6 3.0

Information........................................................ 69 63 39 2.2 2.0 1.3

Financial activities................................................ 190 124 187 2.1 1.3 2.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 122 69 129 1.8 1.0 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 69 54 57 2.8 2.2 2.3

Professional and business services............................ 769 690 640 3.4 3.0 2.8

Education and health services.................................. 682 607 573 2.8 2.4 2.3

Educational services.......................................... 87 74 75 2.4 2.0 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 594 534 498 2.9 2.5 2.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,171 834 1,137 7.0 4.8 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 136 108 174 5.3 3.9 6.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,035 726 963 7.4 5.0 6.6

Other services.................................................... 199 153 165 3.4 2.6 2.8

Government.......................................................... 315 255 307 1.5 1.2 1.4

Federal............................................................. 28 19 19 1.0 0.6 0.6

State and local.................................................... 288 236 288 1.6 1.3 1.5

State and local education..................................... 161 155 161 1.7 1.7 1.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 127 81 127 1.4 0.9 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 774 571 551 2.8 2.1 2.0

South................................................................. 2,233 1,791 2,009 3.9 3.1 3.5

Midwest............................................................... 996 855 1,048 3.0 2.6 3.1

West.................................................................. 1,177 899 939 3.2 2.4 2.5

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 1,755 1,658 1,846 1.1 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,600 1,550 1,698 1.2 1.2 1.3

Mining and logging............................................... 5 6 10 0.9 1.0 1.5

Construction....................................................... 126 159 150 1.6 1.9 1.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 125 137 162 1.0 1.0 1.2

Durable goods.................................................. 66 73 94 0.8 0.9 1.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 60 64 69 1.2 1.3 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 342 259 297 1.2 0.9 1.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 48 39 21 0.8 0.6 0.3

Retail trade..................................................... 216 143 187 1.4 0.9 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 78 76 88 1.1 1.1 1.2

Information........................................................ 56 41 23 1.8 1.3 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 75 51 82 0.8 0.5 0.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 45 27 53 0.7 0.4 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 30 24 29 1.2 1.0 1.2

Professional and business services............................ 381 393 410 1.7 1.7 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 139 228 229 0.6 0.9 0.9

Educational services.......................................... 38 39 61 1.1 1.1 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 101 189 167 0.5 0.9 0.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 269 202 280 1.6 1.2 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 122 30 82 4.7 1.1 3.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 147 172 198 1.1 1.2 1.4

Other services.................................................... 80 75 55 1.4 1.3 0.9

Government.......................................................... 155 107 148 0.7 0.5 0.7

Federal............................................................. 8 7 5 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local.................................................... 148 100 143 0.8 0.5 0.8

State and local education..................................... 55 43 82 0.6 0.5 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 92 57 61 1.0 0.6 0.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 268 295 326 1.0 1.1 1.2

South................................................................. 668 647 622 1.2 1.1 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 351 332 474 1.1 1.0 1.4

West.................................................................. 468 383 423 1.3 1.0 1.1

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 417 401 413 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 334 327 351 0.3 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 1 2 1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Construction....................................................... 26 4 14 0.3 0.0 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 38 25 21 0.3 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 23 15 11 0.3 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 16 10 10 0.3 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 73 56 75 0.3 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 13 3 13 0.2 0.0 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 37 31 37 0.2 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 24 23 24 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 3 9 19 0.1 0.3 0.6

Financial activities................................................ 35 29 16 0.4 0.3 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 31 23 6 0.5 0.3 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 4 7 11 0.2 0.3 0.4

Professional and business services............................ 60 103 114 0.3 0.4 0.5

Education and health services.................................. 57 68 44 0.2 0.3 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 6 10 4 0.2 0.3 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 50 59 40 0.2 0.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 30 15 27 0.2 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 4 5 7 0.2 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 26 10 21 0.2 0.1 0.1

Other services.................................................... 11 15 19 0.2 0.2 0.3

Government.......................................................... 83 74 62 0.4 0.3 0.3

Federal............................................................. 13 14 10 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local.................................................... 69 60 52 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local education..................................... 43 37 34 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 26 23 18 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 68 52 83 0.2 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 169 161 164 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 91 91 75 0.3 0.3 0.2

West.................................................................. 90 97 91 0.2 0.3 0.2

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private............................................................ 9,329 8,621 8,508 6.6 6.0 5.9

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 1,489 1,911 1,691 6.1 8.2 7.4

10 to 49 employees................................................. 3,072 2,490 2,375 6.3 5.5 5.1

50 to 249 employees............................................... 2,725 2,349 2,382 6.9 5.4 5.7

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 1,153 1,028 1,151 6.8 5.5 6.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 618 555 624 7.4 6.5 7.2

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 272 289 285 7.3 6.4 6.1

HIRES

Total private............................................................ 6,541 5,896 5,925 5.0 4.4 4.4

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 866 1,007 792 3.8 4.7 3.8

10 to 49 employees................................................. 2,302 1,781 1,944 5.1 4.2 4.4

50 to 249 employees............................................... 2,049 1,912 1,928 5.5 4.7 4.9

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 864 791 823 5.5 4.5 4.7

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 372 304 342 4.8 3.8 4.2

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 87 101 97 2.5 2.4 2.2

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private............................................................ 6,798 5,739 6,289 5.2 4.3 4.7

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 910 932 779 4.0 4.4 3.7

10 to 49 employees................................................. 2,331 1,944 2,127 5.1 4.6 4.8

50 to 249 employees............................................... 2,309 1,767 2,020 6.2 4.3 5.1

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 815 721 924 5.2 4.1 5.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 360 299 355 4.7 3.8 4.4

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 73 76 84 2.1 1.8 1.9

QUITS

Total private.......................................................... 4,864 3,862 4,240 3.7 2.9 3.2

1 to 9 employees................................................. 635 541 533 2.8 2.5 2.5

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 1,740 1,383 1,467 3.8 3.3 3.3

50 to 249 employees............................................. 1,622 1,251 1,452 4.4 3.1 3.7

250 to 999 employees........................................... 570 466 549 3.6 2.6 3.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 251 173 187 3.3 2.2 2.3

5,000 or more employees....................................... 47 46 52 1.4 1.1 1.2

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private.......................................................... 1,600 1,550 1,698 1.2 1.2 1.3

1 to 9 employees................................................. 195 315 147 0.9 1.5 0.7

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 485 468 554 1.1 1.1 1.3

50 to 249 employees............................................. 605 435 495 1.6 1.1 1.3

250 to 999 employees........................................... 207 223 333 1.3 1.3 1.9

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 89 92 144 1.2 1.2 1.8

5,000 or more employees....................................... 18 18 24 0.5 0.4 0.6

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................................................... 334 327 351 0.3 0.2 0.3

1 to 9 employees................................................. 80 75 98 0.4 0.4 0.5

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 106 94 105 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 249 employees............................................. 82 81 73 0.2 0.2 0.2

250 to 999 employees........................................... 38 32 42 0.2 0.2 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 21 33 24 0.3 0.4 0.3

5,000 or more employees....................................... 8 12 8 0.2 0.3 0.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.