Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-2236 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, December 2, 2022

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — NOVEMBER 2022

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in November, and the unemployment rate 

was unchanged at 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains 

occurred in leisure and hospitality, health care, and government. Employment declined in retail trade 

and in transportation and warehousing. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate was unchanged at 3.7 percent in November and has been in a narrow range of 

3.5 percent to 3.7 percent since March. The number of unemployed persons was essentially unchanged 

at 6.0 million in November. (See table A-1.) 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

November 2019 – November 2022

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Nov-19 May-20 Nov-20 May-21 Nov-21 May-22 Nov-22

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

November 2019 – November 2022

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Nov-19 May-20 Nov-20 May-21 Nov-21 May-22 Nov-22
 

-2-

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.4 percent), adult women 

(3.3 percent), teenagers (11.3 percent), Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (5.7 percent), Asians (2.7 percent), 

and Hispanics (3.9 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers rose by 127,000 to 1.4 million in 

November. The number of persons on temporary layoff changed little at 803,000. (See table A-11.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.2 

million in November. The long-term unemployed accounted for 20.6 percent of all unemployed persons. 

(See table A-12.) 

Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.1 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 59.9 

percent, were little changed in November and have shown little net change since early this year. These 

measures are each 1.3 percentage points below their values in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus 

(COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was about unchanged at 3.7 million 

in November. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part 

time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at 5.6 

million in November and remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals were 

not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force held at 1.5 million in November. These individuals wanted and were available for work 

and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who 

believed that no jobs were available for them, was 405,000 in November, little changed from the 

previous month. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in November, roughly in line with average 

growth over the prior 3 months (+282,000). Monthly job growth has averaged 392,000 thus far in 2022, 

compared with 562,000 per month in 2021. In November, notable job gains occurred in leisure and 

hospitality, health care, and government. Employment declined in retail trade and in transportation and 

warehousing. (See table B-1.) 

Leisure and hospitality added 88,000 jobs in November, including a gain of 62,000 in food services 

and drinking places. Leisure and hospitality has added an average of 82,000 jobs per month thus far this 

year, less than half the average gain of 196,000 jobs per month in 2021. Employment in leisure and 

hospitality is below its pre-pandemic February 2020 level by 980,000, or 5.8 percent. 

In November, employment in health care rose by 45,000, with gains in ambulatory health care services 

(+23,000), hospitals (+11,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+10,000). So far in 2022, 

health care employment has increased by an average of 47,000 per month, well above the 2021 average 

monthly gain of 9,000. 
 

-3-

Government added 42,000 jobs in November, mostly in local government (+32,000). Government 

employment has increased by an average of 25,000 per month thus far this year, compared with 38,000 

per month in 2021. Since February 2020, government employment is down by 461,000, or 2.0 percent. 

In November, employment in the other services industry rose by 24,000, as personal and laundry 

services added 11,000 jobs over the month. Other services employment has increased by an average of 

15,000 per month thus far this year, compared with 24,000 per month in 2021. Employment in other 

services is below its February 2020 level by 186,000, or 3.1 percent. 

Employment in social assistance increased by 23,000 in November and has returned to its February 

2020 level. Within social assistance, employment in individual and family services increased by 17,000 

in November. Job growth in social assistance has averaged 18,000 per month thus far in 2022, compared 

with an average of 13,000 per month in 2021. 

Construction employment continued to trend up in November (+20,000), with nonresidential building 

adding 8,000 jobs. Construction has added an average of 19,000 jobs per month thus far this year, little 

different from the 2021 average of 16,000 per month. 

Employment in information rose by 19,000 in November. Employment in the industry has increased by 

an average of 14,000 per month thus far this year, in line with the average of 16,000 per month in 2021. 

Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in November (+14,000). Job growth has averaged 

34,000 per month thus far this year, little different from the 2021 average of 30,000 per month.

In November, employment in financial activities continued its upward trend (+14,000). Job gains in 

real estate and rental and leasing (+13,000) and in securities, commodity contracts, and investments 

(+6,000) were partially offset by a decline in credit intermediation and related activities (-9,000). 

Employment in financial activities has increased by an average of 12,000 per month thus far this year, 

the same as in 2021. 

Employment in retail trade declined by 30,000 in November. Job losses in general merchandise stores 

(-32,000), electronics and appliance stores (-4,000), and furniture and home furnishings stores (-3,000) 

were partially offset by a job gain in motor vehicle and parts dealers (+10,000). Retail trade employment 

has fallen by 62,000 since August. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing declined by 15,000 in November and has decreased 

by 38,000 since July. In November, job losses in warehousing and storage (-13,000) and in couriers and 

messengers (-12,000) were partially offset by a job gain in air transportation (+4,000). 

Employment in professional and business services changed little in November (+6,000). Within the 

industry, professional and technical services added 28,000 jobs, while business support services lost 

11,000 jobs. Monthly job growth in professional and business services has averaged 58,000 thus far in 

2022, down from 94,000 per month in 2021. 

Employment showed little change over the month in mining and wholesale trade. 

In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 18 cents,

or 0.6 percent, to $32.82. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 5.1 
 

-4-

percent. In November, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees rose by 19 cents, or 0.7 percent, to $28.10. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

In November, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1 

hour to 34.4 hours. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees decreased by 0.2 hour to

40.2 hours, and overtime declined by 0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek for production and

nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 33.9 hours. (See 

tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised down by 46,000, from 

+315,000 to +269,000, and the change for October was revised up by 23,000, from +261,000 to 

+284,000. With these revisions, employment gains in September and October combined were 23,000 

lower than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from 

businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of 

seasonal factors.) 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for December is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 6, 2023, 

at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

In accordance with usual practice, The Employment Situation news release for December 2022, 

scheduled for January 6, 2023, will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted household survey 

data. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision. 

Update to the 2022 North American Industry Classification System

With the release of January 2023 data on February 3, 2023, the establishment survey will revise the 

basis for industry classification from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

to NAICS 2022. The conversion to NAICS 2022 will result in minor revisions reflecting content and 

coding changes within the mining and logging, manufacturing, wholesale trade, financial activities, and 

other services sectors, as well as major revisions reflecting content and coding changes in the retail trade 

and information sectors. Many industry titles and descriptions will also be updated to better reflect 

official NAICS titles. Approximately 10 percent of employment will be reclassified into different 

industries as a result of the revision. Details of updated titles and new, discontinued, and collapsed 

industries resulting from the NAICS 2022 update, as well as changes due to the annual benchmarking 

process, will be available on January 6, 2023. 

For more information on NAICS 2022, visit www.census.gov/naics.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Change from:

Oct. 2022-

Nov. 2022

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 262,029 264,356 264,535 264,708 173

Civilian labor force........................................................... 162,126 164,689 164,667 164,481 -186

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.9 62.3 62.2 62.1 -0.1

Employed................................................................... 155,324 158,936 158,608 158,470 -138

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.3 60.1 60.0 59.9 -0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 6,802 5,753 6,059 6,011 -48

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.7 0.0

Not in labor force............................................................ 99,902 99,667 99,868 100,227 359

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.7 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.4 0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.9 3.1 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 10.9 11.4 11.0 11.3 0.3

White.......................................................................... 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.2 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 6.5 5.8 5.9 5.7 -0.2

Asian.......................................................................... 3.9 2.5 2.9 2.7 -0.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.2 3.8 4.2 3.9 -0.3

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.6 2.8 3.0 3.0 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.5 5.6 6.3 4.4 -1.9

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.2 3.7 3.9 3.9 0.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.0 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,369 2,495 2,663 2,777 114

Job leavers...................................................................... 837 905 862 830 -32

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,154 1,840 1,886 1,807 -79

New entrants.................................................................... 452 447 485 561 76

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 1,985 2,154 2,211 2,243 32

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,703 1,645 1,783 1,698 -85

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 870 899 805 803 -2

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,193 1,067 1,165 1,230 65

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,266 3,843 3,660 3,685 25

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,903 2,577 2,534 2,545 11

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,059 952 870 817 -53

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,440 21,233 21,274 21,197 -77

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,610 1,600 1,504 1,504 0

Discouraged workers........................................................ 451 485 371 405 34

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647 269 284 263

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 255 248 221

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 43 47 37

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 2 3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 23 9 20

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 17 36 14

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 9 27 11

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15.0 9.0 7.5 1.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8 9 3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 212 201 184

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 6.5 9.2 -3.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 -29.9 -2.6 -29.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.2 -18.1 -3.4 -15.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.8 -0.1 1.1 -0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 8 6 19

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3 13 14

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 25 26 6

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 -22.5 -6.1 -17.2

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 82 80 82

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 81.3 73.8 68.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 111 60 88

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 25 12 24

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 14 36 42

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 366 282 272

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 312 245 241

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.5 48.5 48.5

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 81.5 81.5 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 34.5 34.5 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $31.23 $32.49 $32.64 $32.82

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,086.80 $1,120.91 $1,126.08 $1,129.01

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.5 113.2 113.4 113.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.3 0.2 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.1 175.8 176.9 177.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.8 64.6 63.9 63.5

Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.0 57.4 59.5 56.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 670,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2021

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262,029 264,535 264,708 262,029 264,012 264,184 264,356 264,535 264,708

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,099 164,753 164,272 162,126 163,960 164,746 164,689 164,667 164,481

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 62.3 62.1 61.9 62.1 62.4 62.3 62.2 62.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,797 159,144 158,749 155,324 158,290 158,732 158,936 158,608 158,470

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 60.2 60.0 59.3 60.0 60.1 60.1 60.0 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,302 5,609 5,523 6,802 5,670 6,014 5,753 6,059 6,011

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.4 3.4 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,930 99,782 100,436 99,902 100,051 99,438 99,667 99,868 100,227

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,491 5,341 5,211 5,819 5,910 5,549 5,834 5,717 5,550

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,779 128,897 128,983 126,779 128,636 128,722 128,807 128,897 128,983

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,793 87,685 87,441 86,017 86,936 87,335 87,711 87,789 87,761

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 68.0 67.8 67.8 67.6 67.8 68.1 68.1 68.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,474 84,799 84,455 82,432 83,891 84,045 84,587 84,571 84,516

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 65.8 65.5 65.0 65.2 65.3 65.7 65.6 65.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,318 2,886 2,986 3,585 3,046 3,290 3,124 3,218 3,245

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.3 3.4 4.2 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,986 41,212 41,542 40,762 41,700 41,387 41,097 41,108 41,222

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,466 120,225 120,301 118,466 119,977 120,058 120,140 120,225 120,301

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,929 84,623 84,329 83,007 83,857 84,158 84,660 84,626 84,491

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 70.4 70.1 70.1 69.9 70.1 70.5 70.4 70.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,904 82,093 81,731 79,736 81,164 81,225 81,878 81,792 81,657

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 68.3 67.9 67.3 67.7 67.7 68.2 68.0 67.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,025 2,530 2,598 3,272 2,692 2,934 2,783 2,834 2,834

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.0 3.1 3.9 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,537 35,601 35,972 35,459 36,120 35,900 35,479 35,599 35,810

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,250 135,638 135,725 135,250 135,376 135,462 135,548 135,638 135,725

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,306 77,068 76,831 76,109 77,024 77,410 76,978 76,878 76,720

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 56.8 56.6 56.3 56.9 57.1 56.8 56.7 56.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,323 74,345 74,294 72,892 74,399 74,687 74,349 74,037 73,954

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 54.8 54.7 53.9 55.0 55.1 54.9 54.6 54.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,984 2,723 2,537 3,217 2,625 2,724 2,629 2,841 2,766

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.5 3.3 4.2 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,944 58,570 58,894 59,141 58,351 58,052 58,570 58,760 59,005

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,112 127,204 127,283 127,112 126,951 127,034 127,117 127,204 127,283

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,463 74,069 73,766 73,134 73,988 74,140 73,750 73,759 73,519

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 58.2 58.0 57.5 58.3 58.4 58.0 58.0 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,786 71,628 71,516 70,257 71,710 71,729 71,493 71,224 71,072

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 56.3 56.2 55.3 56.5 56.5 56.2 56.0 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,677 2,441 2,250 2,876 2,278 2,411 2,258 2,534 2,447

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.9 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,649 53,135 53,517 53,978 52,963 52,895 53,367 53,445 53,764

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,450 17,107 17,124 16,450 17,084 17,091 17,099 17,107 17,124

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,707 6,061 6,177 5,985 6,116 6,447 6,278 6,283 6,472

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 35.4 36.1 36.4 35.8 37.7 36.7 36.7 37.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,107 5,422 5,502 5,331 5,415 5,778 5,565 5,592 5,741

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 31.7 32.1 32.4 31.7 33.8 32.5 32.7 33.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 638 675 654 700 669 713 691 731

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 10.5 10.9 10.9 11.5 10.4 11.4 11.0 11.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,743 11,046 10,947 10,465 10,968 10,644 10,821 10,824 10,652

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2021

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202,199 203,522 203,617 202,199 203,229 203,324 203,420 203,522 203,617

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,666 126,215 125,707 124,677 125,705 126,172 126,183 126,164 125,812

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 62.0 61.7 61.7 61.9 62.1 62.0 62.0 61.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,431 122,490 121,967 120,084 121,822 122,129 122,329 122,078 121,731

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 60.2 59.9 59.4 59.9 60.1 60.1 60.0 59.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,234 3,725 3,741 4,593 3,884 4,043 3,855 4,087 4,081

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,533 77,308 77,910 77,521 77,524 77,152 77,237 77,358 77,805

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,941 66,025 65,590 64,973 65,430 65,600 65,940 66,028 65,681

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 70.3 69.8 70.0 69.8 69.9 70.3 70.3 69.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,962 64,276 63,771 62,835 63,464 63,553 64,048 64,043 63,703

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 68.4 67.9 67.7 67.7 67.7 68.2 68.2 67.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,979 1,749 1,819 2,138 1,966 2,048 1,892 1,985 1,978

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.6 2.8 3.3 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,310 55,592 55,381 55,069 55,565 55,661 55,351 55,334 55,159

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 57.2 57.0 56.6 57.3 57.4 57.0 57.0 56.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,435 54,043 53,910 53,030 54,123 54,125 53,914 53,695 53,549

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.9 55.6 55.5 54.5 55.8 55.8 55.5 55.3 55.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,875 1,550 1,471 2,039 1,442 1,535 1,437 1,638 1,610

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 2.8 2.7 3.7 2.6 2.8 2.6 3.0 2.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,415 4,597 4,736 4,635 4,711 4,911 4,892 4,803 4,972

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 36.8 37.9 38.4 37.7 39.3 39.1 38.4 39.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,035 4,171 4,286 4,219 4,235 4,451 4,366 4,340 4,479

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 33.4 34.3 35.0 33.9 35.6 34.9 34.7 35.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 426 450 415 476 460 526 463 493

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 9.3 9.5 9.0 10.1 9.4 10.8 9.6 9.9

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,725 34,237 34,272 33,725 34,138 34,171 34,204 34,237 34,272

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,478 21,368 21,354 20,477 21,174 21,123 21,258 21,243 21,365

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 62.4 62.3 60.7 62.0 61.8 62.1 62.0 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,232 20,124 20,203 19,143 19,907 19,776 20,014 19,984 20,138

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 58.8 59.0 56.8 58.3 57.9 58.5 58.4 58.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,246 1,244 1,151 1,335 1,268 1,347 1,243 1,259 1,226

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 5.8 5.4 6.5 6.0 6.4 5.8 5.9 5.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,247 12,869 12,917 13,248 12,964 13,048 12,946 12,994 12,907

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,450 9,836 9,935 9,466 9,764 9,707 9,894 9,779 9,947

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 67.6 68.2 66.4 67.3 66.8 68.0 67.2 68.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,823 9,335 9,433 8,787 9,212 9,125 9,321 9,264 9,408

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 64.1 64.7 61.6 63.5 62.8 64.1 63.6 64.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 500 502 679 552 582 573 514 540

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 5.1 5.1 7.2 5.7 6.0 5.8 5.3 5.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,352 10,770 10,660 10,301 10,688 10,643 10,636 10,699 10,632

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 62.6 62.0 60.3 62.3 62.0 61.9 62.2 61.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,874 10,140 10,133 9,802 10,119 10,018 10,058 10,081 10,077

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 59.0 58.9 57.4 59.0 58.4 58.6 58.6 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 630 527 500 569 625 578 619 555

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 5.8 4.9 4.9 5.3 5.9 5.4 5.8 5.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 762 759 711 722 773 728 765 786

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 30.6 30.4 29.8 29.1 31.1 29.3 30.7 31.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 648 637 554 576 634 635 639 654

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 26.0 25.5 23.2 23.2 25.5 25.5 25.7 26.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 114 122 157 146 140 92 127 132

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 15.0 16.0 22.0 20.3 18.1 12.7 16.5 16.8

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2021

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,513 17,129 16,980 16,513 16,920 16,989 17,132 17,129 16,980

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,767 11,100 10,968 10,781 10,980 11,096 11,122 11,124 11,005

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 64.8 64.6 65.3 64.9 65.3 64.9 64.9 64.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,365 10,776 10,686 10,362 10,693 10,790 10,848 10,797 10,714

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.9 62.9 62.8 63.2 63.5 63.3 63.0 63.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 323 282 419 287 307 274 327 292

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 2.9 2.6 3.9 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,746 6,029 6,011 5,731 5,940 5,893 6,009 6,005 5,974

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2021

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 45,232 46,459 46,545 45,232 46,200 46,287 46,373 46,459 46,545

Civilian labor force................................ 30,079 30,796 30,694 29,979 30,363 30,918 30,650 30,710 30,572

Participation rate............................... 66.5 66.3 65.9 66.3 65.7 66.8 66.1 66.1 65.7

Employed....................................... 28,648 29,595 29,555 28,432 29,170 29,539 29,470 29,434 29,371

Employment-population ratio............... 63.3 63.7 63.5 62.9 63.1 63.8 63.5 63.4 63.1

Unemployed.................................... 1,431 1,202 1,139 1,547 1,193 1,379 1,180 1,277 1,201

Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 3.9 3.7 5.2 3.9 4.5 3.8 4.2 3.9

Not in labor force................................. 15,153 15,663 15,850 15,253 15,837 15,369 15,724 15,749 15,973

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,411 16,674 16,530 16,422 16,452 16,625 16,506 16,638 16,501

Participation rate............................... 80.3 79.2 78.4 80.3 78.6 79.3 78.6 79.1 78.3

Employed....................................... 15,766 16,068 15,982 15,681 15,870 15,976 15,971 16,004 15,918

Employment-population ratio............... 77.1 76.3 75.8 76.7 75.8 76.2 76.0 76.0 75.5

Unemployed.................................... 645 606 547 741 581 649 535 634 583

Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 3.6 3.3 4.5 3.5 3.9 3.2 3.8 3.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 12,296 12,717 12,743 12,170 12,515 12,812 12,778 12,655 12,631

Participation rate............................... 59.4 60.2 60.2 58.7 59.6 60.9 60.6 59.9 59.7

Employed....................................... 11,666 12,294 12,301 11,531 12,113 12,264 12,321 12,186 12,175

Employment-population ratio............... 56.3 58.2 58.2 55.7 57.7 58.3 58.5 57.7 57.6

Unemployed.................................... 629 424 442 639 402 547 457 469 457

Unemployment rate......................... 5.1 3.3 3.5 5.3 3.2 4.3 3.6 3.7 3.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,373 1,405 1,422 1,387 1,397 1,482 1,365 1,417 1,439

Participation rate............................... 33.7 32.7 33.0 34.1 32.7 34.6 31.8 33.0 33.4

Employed....................................... 1,216 1,233 1,272 1,220 1,187 1,299 1,178 1,243 1,278

Employment-population ratio............... 29.9 28.7 29.5 30.0 27.8 30.3 27.5 28.9 29.7

Unemployed.................................... 157 172 150 167 210 183 187 174 161

Unemployment rate......................... 11.4 12.2 10.6 12.1 15.0 12.3 13.7 12.3 11.2

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2021

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 8,915 9,016 8,944 8,791 8,924 8,646 8,992 9,155 8,905

Participation rate.................................. 45.8 46.0 45.8 45.1 46.2 45.4 45.7 46.7 45.6

Employed.......................................... 8,462 8,534 8,603 8,304 8,398 8,110 8,491 8,577 8,509

Employment-population ratio................. 43.5 43.5 44.0 42.6 43.5 42.5 43.1 43.7 43.6

Unemployed....................................... 452 481 341 487 526 536 501 578 395

Unemployment rate............................ 5.1 5.3 3.8 5.5 5.9 6.2 5.6 6.3 4.4

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,562 35,243 35,227 35,444 35,386 35,798 35,278 35,038 35,170

Participation rate.................................. 55.9 56.2 55.8 55.7 56.1 56.4 56.1 55.9 55.7

Employed.......................................... 33,831 33,915 33,902 33,615 34,113 34,284 33,973 33,656 33,781

Employment-population ratio................. 53.2 54.1 53.7 52.9 54.1 54.0 54.1 53.7 53.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,731 1,328 1,325 1,829 1,273 1,514 1,306 1,382 1,389

Unemployment rate............................ 4.9 3.8 3.8 5.2 3.6 4.2 3.7 3.9 3.9

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,605 36,169 36,113 35,417 35,575 35,586 35,544 35,805 35,890

Participation rate.................................. 62.9 63.3 63.3 62.6 62.6 63.0 62.7 62.7 62.9

Employed.......................................... 34,374 35,132 35,029 34,105 34,563 34,538 34,530 34,731 34,748

Employment-population ratio................. 60.7 61.5 61.4 60.2 60.8 61.2 60.9 60.8 60.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,231 1,037 1,084 1,312 1,012 1,048 1,014 1,074 1,142

Unemployment rate............................ 3.5 2.9 3.0 3.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 61,484 63,458 63,142 61,317 63,380 63,701 63,610 63,376 63,053

Participation rate.................................. 72.2 72.9 72.6 72.0 73.0 73.1 73.0 72.8 72.5

Employed.......................................... 60,181 62,292 61,944 59,937 62,094 62,519 62,478 62,156 61,792

Employment-population ratio................. 70.7 71.6 71.3 70.4 71.5 71.7 71.7 71.4 71.1

Unemployed....................................... 1,303 1,166 1,198 1,380 1,286 1,182 1,132 1,220 1,261

Unemployment rate............................ 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,950 18,271 16,029 16,238 1,921 2,033

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,444 8,709 7,277 7,522 1,167 1,187

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.0 47.7 45.4 46.3 60.8 58.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,117 8,468 6,996 7,302 1,121 1,166

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 46.3 43.6 45.0 58.4 57.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 241 281 220 46 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 2.8 3.9 2.9 4.0 1.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,506 9,562 8,752 8,716 754 846

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,595 5,026 3,779 4,082 815 944

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,633 4,016 3,052 3,298 582 719

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.1 79.9 80.8 80.8 71.3 76.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,476 3,895 2,915 3,190 560 704

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.7 77.5 77.1 78.2 68.7 74.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 121 136 107 21 14

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.0 4.5 3.3 3.6 2.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961 1,009 727 784 234 225

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,150 3,169 2,661 2,732 490 437

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,263 2,178 1,925 1,911 338 268

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 68.7 72.3 69.9 69.1 61.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,203 2,134 1,878 1,866 324 268

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.9 67.3 70.6 68.3 66.3 61.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 45 47 45 14 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.0 2.4 2.3 4.2 0.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887 991 736 821 151 170

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,297 6,130 6,075 5,886 222 244

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,021 911 971 869 50 42

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 14.9 16.0 14.8 22.7 17.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976 869 930 832 45 37

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 14.2 15.3 14.1 20.5 15.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 42 41 37 5 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.6 4.2 4.2 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,276 5,219 5,104 5,017 172 202

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,908 3,946 3,514 3,538 394 408

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,526 1,604 1,329 1,445 197 159

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 40.7 37.8 40.8 50.0 39.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,463 1,570 1,272 1,413 191 157

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 39.8 36.2 39.9 48.4 38.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 34 56 32 6 2

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 2.1 4.3 2.2 3.2 1.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,382 2,342 2,185 2,093 197 249

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234,974 237,100 106,190 108,013 128,784 129,087

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,411 153,130 77,439 78,739 73,972 74,390

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 64.6 72.9 72.9 57.4 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,654 148,117 74,520 76,163 71,134 71,954

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 62.5 70.2 70.5 55.2 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,757 5,013 2,919 2,576 2,838 2,436

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.8 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,563 83,970 28,751 29,274 54,812 54,697

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 31,963 32,762 230,066 231,946

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 7,455 7,769 154,644 156,503

Participation rate..................................................................... 23.3 23.7 67.2 67.5

Employed............................................................................. 6,878 7,318 148,919 151,431

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 21.5 22.3 64.7 65.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 577 451 5,725 5,072

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.7 5.8 3.7 3.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,508 24,993 75,422 75,443

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 3,103 3,183 76,582 78,099

Participation rate..................................................................... 39.5 39.3 82.1 82.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,832 2,974 73,727 75,521

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 36.1 36.7 79.0 79.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 271 209 2,855 2,578

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.7 6.6 3.7 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,752 4,926 16,724 16,580

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,929 3,161 68,506 68,744

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.9 38.4 71.5 71.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,710 2,988 65,898 66,526

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 33.3 36.3 68.8 69.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 219 173 2,607 2,218

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.5 5.5 3.8 3.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,221 5,078 27,304 27,455

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,422 1,425 9,556 9,660

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.9 8.7 23.3 23.5

Employed............................................................................. 1,336 1,356 9,293 9,384

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 8.4 8.3 22.7 22.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 87 68 263 276

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.1 4.8 2.8 2.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,534 14,989 31,394 31,408

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 44,048 46,190 21,519 22,615 22,529 23,576

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,895 30,542 16,686 17,480 12,209 13,062

Participation rate.................................................. 65.6 66.1 77.5 77.3 54.2 55.4

Employed.......................................................... 27,853 29,618 16,139 16,937 11,713 12,681

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.2 64.1 75.0 74.9 52.0 53.8

Unemployed....................................................... 1,043 924 546 543 496 381

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.6 3.0 3.3 3.1 4.1 2.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,152 15,649 4,833 5,135 10,319 10,514

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 217,981 218,517 105,260 106,368 112,721 112,150

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,204 133,730 69,107 69,961 64,097 63,769

Participation rate.................................................. 61.1 61.2 65.7 65.8 56.9 56.9

Employed.......................................................... 127,944 129,131 66,335 67,518 61,609 61,613

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.7 59.1 63.0 63.5 54.7 54.9

Unemployed....................................................... 5,260 4,599 2,772 2,443 2,487 2,156

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.9 3.4 4.0 3.5 3.9 3.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 84,777 84,787 36,153 36,407 48,624 48,381

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2021

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,194 2,300 2,191 2,212 2,429 2,178 2,178 2,205 2,225

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,429 1,577 1,472 1,434 1,621 1,491 1,474 1,497 1,493

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 727 701 695 744 752 645 696 691 714

Unpaid family workers........................... 38 22 24 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 153,603 156,845 156,558 152,933 156,002 156,931 156,956 156,645 156,236

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 144,279 147,397 147,532 143,816 146,627 147,397 147,268 147,004 147,299

Government..................................... 20,936 21,258 21,189 20,750 21,272 21,220 21,313 21,180 21,022

Private industries............................... 123,343 126,139 126,344 123,416 125,421 126,111 126,494 126,165 126,603

Private households.......................... 654 743 671 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 122,689 125,397 125,673 122,796 124,799 125,441 125,902 125,559 126,028

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,277 9,394 8,979 9,256 8,971 8,985 9,161 9,283 8,971

Unpaid family workers........................... 47 54 46 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,163 3,356 3,580 4,266 3,924 4,149 3,843 3,660 3,685

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,819 2,335 2,463 2,903 2,697 2,769 2,577 2,534 2,545

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,085 817 815 1,059 910 979 952 870 817

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,322 21,901 22,062 20,440 21,103 21,044 21,233 21,274 21,197

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,121 3,301 3,498 4,244 3,888 4,075 3,763 3,577 3,623

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,789 2,288 2,415 2,869 2,676 2,727 2,527 2,486 2,495

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,085 813 812 1,056 909 966 952 867 811

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,948 21,555 21,671 20,075 20,675 20,710 20,887 20,932 20,819

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2021

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,797 159,144 158,749 155,324 158,290 158,732 158,936 158,608 158,470

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,107 5,422 5,502 5,331 5,415 5,778 5,565 5,592 5,741

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,026 2,193 2,164 2,087 2,076 2,255 2,087 2,189 2,232

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,081 3,229 3,338 3,243 3,343 3,485 3,464 3,389 3,504

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,690 153,722 153,247 149,993 152,875 152,953 153,371 153,016 152,729

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,842 13,849 13,769 13,824 13,902 13,670 13,755 13,780 13,757

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,848 139,873 139,478 136,065 138,969 139,259 139,598 139,214 138,872

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,032 102,028 101,922 99,396 101,686 102,053 102,037 101,548 101,429

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,622 35,527 35,304 35,347 35,436 35,555 35,392 35,320 35,074

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,354 34,760 34,919 33,174 34,616 34,694 34,618 34,607 34,782

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,056 31,742 31,699 30,875 31,634 31,804 32,027 31,621 31,572

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,815 37,844 37,555 36,669 37,283 37,206 37,561 37,666 37,444

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,474 84,799 84,455 82,432 83,891 84,045 84,587 84,571 84,516

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,571 2,705 2,724 2,696 2,726 2,820 2,709 2,779 2,858

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958 1,010 991 1,017 988 1,036 954 1,027 1,054

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,613 1,695 1,734 1,686 1,742 1,761 1,749 1,751 1,810

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,904 82,093 81,731 79,736 81,164 81,225 81,878 81,792 81,657

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,074 7,150 7,049 7,100 7,022 6,900 7,038 7,146 7,071

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,830 74,943 74,682 72,535 74,151 74,233 74,762 74,581 74,486

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,157 54,379 54,331 52,894 54,190 54,193 54,381 54,130 54,154

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,945 18,845 18,655 18,797 18,740 18,767 18,866 18,718 18,544

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,899 18,721 18,813 17,845 18,631 18,651 18,579 18,656 18,778

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,313 16,813 16,863 16,252 16,819 16,776 16,936 16,756 16,833

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,673 20,564 20,351 19,641 19,961 20,040 20,381 20,450 20,332

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,323 74,345 74,294 72,892 74,399 74,687 74,349 74,037 73,954

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,537 2,717 2,778 2,635 2,689 2,958 2,856 2,813 2,883

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,068 1,183 1,173 1,070 1,088 1,219 1,133 1,162 1,178

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,469 1,534 1,605 1,557 1,601 1,724 1,715 1,637 1,694

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,786 71,628 71,516 70,257 71,710 71,729 71,493 71,224 71,072

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,768 6,699 6,721 6,724 6,880 6,770 6,717 6,635 6,686

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,018 64,929 64,795 63,530 64,818 65,026 64,836 64,633 64,386

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,875 47,649 47,591 46,502 47,496 47,860 47,656 47,418 47,274

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,677 16,682 16,649 16,550 16,696 16,789 16,526 16,602 16,530

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,455 16,039 16,106 15,329 15,986 16,044 16,039 15,951 16,004

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,743 14,928 14,836 14,623 14,814 15,028 15,091 14,865 14,740

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,142 17,280 17,204 17,029 17,322 17,165 17,180 17,216 17,112

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,274 45,631 46,014 44,209 45,449 45,422 45,912 45,556 45,963

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,700 36,309 36,617 35,328 36,954 36,828 36,615 36,155 36,309

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,738 9,629 9,832 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,322 132,544 132,154 129,388 132,577 132,335 132,661 132,228 132,320

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,475 26,600 26,595 25,956 25,824 26,237 26,230 26,394 26,092

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,180 7,676 7,782 7,065 7,633 7,747 7,746 7,496 7,661

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,363 6,851 7,028 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,004 10,095 9,674 10,000 9,723 9,629 9,858 9,974 9,685

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Nov.

2021

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,802 6,059 6,011 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 654 691 731 10.9 11.5 10.4 11.4 11.0 11.3

16 to 17 years.................................. 241 240 293 10.4 10.3 9.7 12.4 9.9 11.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 425 456 446 11.6 12.1 10.9 10.9 11.9 11.3

20 years and over................................ 6,148 5,368 5,281 3.9 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,100 1,020 1,011 7.4 6.4 6.9 7.0 6.9 6.8

25 years and over.............................. 5,062 4,319 4,259 3.6 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 3,872 3,386 3,329 3.7 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 1,573 1,457 1,512 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.1

35 to 44 years............................. 1,321 1,025 947 3.8 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7

45 to 54 years............................. 977 904 870 3.1 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.8 2.7

55 years and over........................... 1,224 962 940 3.2 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,585 3,218 3,245 4.2 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 314 384 412 10.4 11.5 11.2 11.2 12.1 12.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 127 138 197 11.1 8.7 11.5 13.2 11.8 15.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 198 254 222 10.5 12.8 11.2 10.3 12.7 10.9

20 years and over................................ 3,272 2,834 2,834 3.9 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 620 550 589 8.0 7.3 8.1 7.9 7.1 7.7

25 years and over.............................. 2,677 2,271 2,247 3.6 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 2,077 1,771 1,707 3.8 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 870 769 796 4.4 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.9 4.1

35 to 44 years............................. 716 502 460 3.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.4

45 to 54 years............................. 492 500 451 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.9 2.6

55 years and over........................... 599 501 540 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.6

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,217 2,841 2,766 4.2 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 340 307 319 11.4 11.4 9.6 11.5 9.8 10.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 115 102 96 9.7 11.6 8.2 11.6 8.1 7.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 227 202 224 12.7 11.3 10.5 11.6 11.0 11.7

20 years and over................................ 2,876 2,534 2,447 3.9 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 480 470 421 6.7 5.4 5.7 5.9 6.6 5.9

25 years and over.............................. 2,386 2,047 2,012 3.6 2.8 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 1,795 1,615 1,622 3.7 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.3

25 to 34 years............................. 703 688 716 4.1 3.6 3.8 3.5 4.0 4.1

35 to 44 years............................. 606 523 487 3.8 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 485 404 419 3.2 2.4 2.7 1.8 2.6 2.8

55 years and over........................... 620 446 398 3.5 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.3

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,030 891 926 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.0

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,012 801 752 2.8 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.0

Women who maintain families2.................... 493 577 507 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.7 5.7 4.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 5,713 5,027 4,810 4.2 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,098 1,073 1,202 4.1 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.9 4.4

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2021

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,079 2,335 2,487 3,369 2,547 2,720 2,495 2,663 2,777

On temporary layoff.............................. 673 526 608 875 791 782 758 847 803

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,406 1,809 1,879 2,493 1,756 1,938 1,737 1,816 1,974

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,839 1,260 1,293 1,905 1,166 1,354 1,181 1,241 1,368

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 567 549 585 589 589 584 556 576 606

Job leavers........................................... 828 887 818 837 842 898 905 862 830

Reentrants............................................ 2,010 1,887 1,688 2,154 1,826 1,836 1,840 1,886 1,807

New entrants......................................... 385 501 530 452 460 440 447 485 561

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 48.9 41.6 45.0 49.4 44.9 46.2 43.9 45.2 46.5

On temporary layoff.............................. 10.7 9.4 11.0 12.8 13.9 13.3 13.3 14.4 13.4

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 38.2 32.2 34.0 36.6 30.9 32.9 30.5 30.8 33.0

Job leavers........................................... 13.1 15.8 14.8 12.3 14.8 15.2 15.9 14.6 13.9

Reentrants............................................ 31.9 33.6 30.6 31.6 32.2 31.2 32.4 32.0 30.2

New entrants......................................... 6.1 8.9 9.6 6.6 8.1 7.5 7.9 8.2 9.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.9 1.4 1.5 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2021

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 1,791 2,023 2,051 1,985 2,080 2,223 2,154 2,211 2,243

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,575 1,696 1,562 1,703 1,772 1,807 1,645 1,783 1,698

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,936 1,889 1,910 3,063 1,785 2,022 1,966 1,970 2,033

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 805 714 716 870 718 885 899 805 803

27 weeks and over............................... 2,131 1,175 1,194 2,193 1,067 1,137 1,067 1,165 1,230

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 29.6 21.5 22.0 29.1 22.1 22.3 20.2 20.8 21.4

Median duration, in weeks......................... 12.8 8.6 8.7 13.4 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.1 8.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 28.4 36.1 37.1 29.4 36.9 36.7 37.4 37.1 37.5

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 25.0 30.2 28.3 25.2 31.4 29.9 28.5 29.9 28.4

15 weeks and over.................................. 46.6 33.7 34.6 45.4 31.7 33.4 34.1 33.0 34.0

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 12.8 12.7 13.0 12.9 12.7 14.6 15.6 13.5 13.4

27 weeks and over............................... 33.8 21.0 21.6 32.5 18.9 18.8 18.5 19.5 20.6

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 155,797 158,749 6,302 5,523 3.9 3.4

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 66,060 69,156 1,308 1,247 1.9 1.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 28,334 29,811 629 584 2.2 1.9

Professional and related occupations.......................... 37,726 39,345 679 663 1.8 1.7

Service occupations................................................ 25,252 25,448 1,506 1,173 5.6 4.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 30,883 29,983 1,232 1,019 3.8 3.3

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,528 14,204 633 487 4.2 3.3

Office and administrative support occupations............... 16,355 15,779 599 532 3.5 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,890 14,148 728 662 5.0 4.5

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 909 906 66 65 6.8 6.7

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,250 8,499 518 467 5.9 5.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,731 4,744 145 130 3.0 2.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 19,712 20,014 1,123 871 5.4 4.2

Production occupations.......................................... 7,928 8,243 355 254 4.3 3.0

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,785 11,771 768 617 6.1 5.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,302 5,523 3.9 3.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,032 4,253 3.9 3.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 50 19 8.6 3.1

Construction.......................................................................... 469 393 4.7 3.9

Manufacturing........................................................................ 478 401 3.1 2.7

Durable goods..................................................................... 296 254 3.0 2.6

Nondurable goods................................................................ 182 148 3.3 2.7

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 833 666 4.2 3.5

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 455 360 5.5 4.2

Information............................................................................ 99 57 4.1 2.1

Financial activities................................................................... 196 200 2.0 1.9

Professional and business services............................................... 700 702 3.8 3.7

Education and health services..................................................... 555 521 2.3 2.1

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 988 769 7.5 5.8

Other services........................................................................ 209 165 3.3 2.5

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 79 85 5.4 5.6

Government workers................................................................... 415 332 1.9 1.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 391 323 3.7 3.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2021

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Nov.

2022

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.9 1.4 1.5 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.9 3.4 3.4 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.2 3.6 3.6 4.5 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.8 4.3 4.2 5.1 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.5

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.4 6.3 6.4 7.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.8 6.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 99,930 100,436 40,986 41,542 58,944 58,894

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,491 5,211 2,523 2,570 2,968 2,642

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,594 1,501 780 751 814 750

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 471 430 288 298 183 133

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,123 1,071 492 453 631 618

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,180 7,782 3,535 3,702 3,645 4,080

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.6 4.9 4.3 4.4 5.0 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,946 4,507 2,130 2,409 1,816 2,098

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,750 1,866 556 599 1,194 1,267

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 333 336 185 191 148 146

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,107 1,017 630 491 477 526

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Change

from:

Oct.2022 -

Nov.2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,210 153,204 154,416 154,990 148,652 153,001 153,285 153,548 263

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,659 130,781 131,688 132,113 126,538 130,661 130,909 131,130 221

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,699 21,404 21,463 21,409 20,598 21,239 21,286 21,323 37

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 637 642 641 582 634 636 639 3

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 46.3 45.4 45.8 44.9 45.5 44.5 45.3 0.8

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.3 590.9 596.6 595.3 536.9 588.7 591.9 593.3 1.4

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.7 134.6 135.2 135.1 121.1 134.9 135.6 135.7 0.1

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.7 182.4 183.1 182.3 175.8 180.3 181.1 181.2 0.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 37.9 38.2 38.1 36.1 38.1 38.1 38.1 0.0

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.9 43.6 43.6 43.5 42.1 43.8 43.8 43.7 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.6 100.9 101.3 100.7 97.6 98.4 99.2 99.3 0.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.9 273.9 278.3 277.9 240.0 273.5 275.2 276.4 1.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,582 7,877 7,896 7,827 7,502 7,721 7,730 7,750 20

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,679.9 1,731.3 1,744.9 1,735.7 1,669.2 1,712.1 1,720.2 1,725.8 5.6

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881.0 908.0 918.6 906.7 875.0 901.4 905.2 902.6 -2.6

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798.9 823.3 826.3 829.0 794.2 810.7 815.0 823.2 8.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,075.7 1,125.6 1,124.3 1,100.7 1,052.7 1,075.4 1,073.0 1,078.3 5.3

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,826.7 5,020.3 5,026.9 4,990.7 4,780.4 4,933.6 4,936.9 4,946.2 9.3

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,226.0 2,304.8 2,309.2 2,300.5 2,206.9 2,274.8 2,277.8 2,284.3 6.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,600.7 2,715.5 2,717.7 2,690.2 2,573.5 2,658.8 2,659.1 2,661.9 2.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,530 12,890 12,925 12,941 12,514 12,884 12,920 12,934 14

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,786 8,003 8,032 8,051 7,785 8,012 8,039 8,050 11

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.7 429.5 428.7 429.9 416.5 431.1 428.9 430.5 1.6

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.8 420.7 424.2 424.8 405.0 416.3 419.2 421.0 1.8

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.3 364.6 365.7 365.3 355.4 365.9 366.8 365.1 -1.7

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,407.1 1,443.5 1,449.8 1,448.8 1,409.5 1,445.9 1,450.9 1,452.2 1.3

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054.7 1,096.3 1,097.9 1,104.1 1,056.6 1,099.0 1,102.6 1,106.5 3.9

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,064.2 1,087.5 1,092.6 1,095.0 1,065.2 1,089.5 1,093.2 1,095.1 1.9

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 159.6 164.5 166.7 167.0 159.6 164.5 166.3 166.7 0.4

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.6 82.4 83.8 83.1 84.8 82.9 84.2 83.4 -0.8

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.0 386.0 387.8 389.2 371.4 387.0 388.5 389.4 0.9

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.3 422.5 422.2 423.0 418.9 423.1 422.4 423.3 0.9

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7 32.1 32.1 32.7 30.5 32.0 31.8 32.3 0.5

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 400.4 411.1 409.8 407.8 400.4 411.9 410.6 408.2 -2.4

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,670.3 1,731.0 1,741.4 1,752.8 1,669.0 1,729.3 1,742.5 1,748.6 6.1

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986.7 1,024.4 1,028.6 1,036.3 983.4 1,020.1 1,027.6 1,029.5 1.9

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381.5 379.2 379.9 378.1 381.8 381.1 380.9 379.4 -1.5

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626.6 639.8 642.1 644.6 625.7 641.5 642.9 643.8 0.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,744 4,887 4,893 4,890 4,729 4,872 4,881 4,884 3

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,662.3 1,720.0 1,717.7 1,719.6 1,654.0 1,708.9 1,709.4 1,712.8 3.4

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.4 100.2 99.3 98.1 100.4 100.0 99.1 98.1 -1.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.7 102.9 102.5 102.7 104.2 103.3 102.6 102.6 0.0

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.3 94.0 95.1 96.0 94.4 94.3 95.2 95.8 0.6

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.1 358.4 358.9 357.7 351.6 359.1 360.4 358.4 -2.0

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 376.3 373.8 377.1 377.4 372.3 374.1 375.4 374.2 -1.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.0 107.4 108.1 107.8 106.3 106.0 106.2 107.1 0.9

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873.6 904.7 907.7 913.5 875.6 909.4 911.6 916.3 4.7

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733.3 754.3 755.3 750.3 731.9 755.1 755.8 752.6 -3.2

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339.9 371.0 371.4 367.2 338.0 361.6 364.9 366.1 1.2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,960 109,377 110,225 110,704 105,940 109,422 109,623 109,807 184

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,705 28,589 28,834 29,249 28,084 28,757 28,761 28,712 -49

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,741.1 5,902.0 5,923.4 5,914.0 5,731.2 5,903.4 5,912.6 5,909.3 -3.3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,156.6 3,247.7 3,258.1 3,257.6 3,158.6 3,251.5 3,259.3 3,261.3 2.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,101.4 2,149.1 2,157.7 2,148.0 2,092.8 2,146.7 2,147.8 2,142.4 -5.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Change

from:

Oct.2022 -

Nov.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.1 505.2 507.6 508.4 479.8 505.2 505.5 505.6 0.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,926.5 15,657.4 15,819.7 16,076.4 15,556.9 15,799.6 15,797.0 15,767.1 -29.9

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,948.0 1,980.1 1,979.6 1,987.8 1,949.2 1,976.5 1,978.5 1,988.6 10.1

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,225.2 1,235.4 1,235.4 1,243.7 1,225.9 1,235.6 1,237.4 1,244.3 6.9

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.3 174.0 173.7 170.5 170.5 172.4 173.1 174.3 1.2

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 556.5 570.7 570.5 573.6 552.7 568.6 568.0 570.0 2.0

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 457.4 424.5 429.7 436.1 445.8 431.3 429.1 426.1 -3.0

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 453.3 422.2 420.4 431.3 430.3 424.4 418.0 413.9 -4.1

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,355.7 1,378.6 1,375.9 1,368.0 1,386.9 1,392.1 1,394.5 1,397.4 2.9

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,155.7 3,181.3 3,197.2 3,235.5 3,123.2 3,202.9 3,201.6 3,206.1 4.5

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,074.1 1,062.9 1,080.0 1,093.8 1,057.4 1,073.0 1,075.1 1,075.9 0.8

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951.5 981.0 982.4 978.6 947.9 974.5 977.7 977.0 -0.7

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,119.2 1,069.2 1,092.2 1,137.2 1,062.1 1,084.7 1,090.3 1,085.8 -4.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570.9 519.6 534.6 570.5 537.7 532.1 534.7 536.2 1.5

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,333.2 3,136.1 3,200.4 3,301.4 3,142.8 3,198.6 3,186.1 3,153.9 -32.2

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046.7 929.8 955.1 1,010.1 946.1 951.8 942.2 920.4 -21.8

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,286.5 2,206.3 2,245.3 2,291.3 2,196.7 2,246.8 2,243.9 2,233.6 -10.3

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826.2 856.1 864.6 862.4 820.1 861.1 862.4 859.3 -3.1

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.3 645.8 662.7 673.8 653.5 648.4 649.0 646.9 -2.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,498.1 6,488.4 6,546.9 6,714.8 6,257.4 6,511.4 6,508.0 6,492.9 -15.1

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509.0 567.2 570.8 573.2 510.1 566.9 570.8 574.9 4.1

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.7 147.3 147.8 147.8 145.8 147.3 147.6 147.8 0.2

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 62.9 61.6 59.7 56.2 61.5 61.2 60.9 -0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,551.0 1,601.5 1,616.4 1,614.7 1,537.6 1,592.5 1,600.0 1,601.3 1.3

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.8 424.3 428.7 430.2 386.2 408.8 408.8 412.3 3.5

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.6 47.1 47.4 46.9 50.6 47.3 47.3 46.9 -0.4

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 23.3 34.1 32.3 28.5 26.7 30.3 30.9 30.9 0.0

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 757.3 789.7 795.8 801.5 746.9 790.0 790.5 791.9 1.4

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,238.5 1,057.7 1,078.7 1,238.4 1,094.6 1,106.5 1,110.8 1,098.4 -12.4

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,763.6 1,756.6 1,767.4 1,773.9 1,702.7 1,760.3 1,740.1 1,727.6 -12.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538.9 541.0 543.5 543.4 538.7 542.5 543.6 543.1 -0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,914 3,041 3,052 3,077 2,904 3,040 3,046 3,065 19

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 799.4 846.0 839.4 845.2 799.4 845.9 842.6 846.5 3.9

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.5 431.9 444.3 455.6 422.2 433.7 436.7 445.8 9.1

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.4 234.7 235.0 238.5 234.1 234.4 234.1 235.8 1.7

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659.2 663.4 661.4 659.2 657.0 662.3 661.4 659.1 -2.3

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401.9 431.5 432.8 436.1 401.8 430.9 431.2 435.3 4.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.1 433.2 439.4 442.5 389.3 432.9 439.7 442.3 2.6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,865 8,969 9,009 9,018 8,849 8,970 8,983 8,997 14

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,553.2 6,584.7 6,623.0 6,630.4 6,542.4 6,599.6 6,616.2 6,616.9 0.7

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 20.8 21.0 21.2 21.3 20.9 21.1 21.2 21.3 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,704.4 2,691.2 2,698.4 2,689.6 2,705.5 2,699.0 2,700.6 2,691.8 -8.8

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,728.9 1,740.7 1,748.7 1,756.2 1,732.8 1,747.2 1,753.7 1,758.5 4.8

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,342.5 1,339.2 1,344.8 1,349.8 1,346.7 1,345.2 1,348.8 1,350.9 2.1

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 640.6 619.8 622.2 608.6 639.0 620.1 619.3 608.2 -11.1

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 334.9 330.7 327.5 324.8 333.6 331.7 327.5 325.1 -2.4

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 1,014.5 1,043.4 1,054.6 1,062.3 1,011.3 1,045.7 1,050.4 1,056.0 5.6

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,813.5 2,829.1 2,848.8 2,857.2 2,804.7 2,833.8 2,844.0 2,847.8 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,311.3 2,384.4 2,385.5 2,387.7 2,306.4 2,370.3 2,367.0 2,380.0 13.0

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785.4 1,821.5 1,836.5 1,837.5 1,777.3 1,816.7 1,820.1 1,826.7 6.6

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.4 542.3 528.3 529.5 508.7 533.0 526.3 532.8 6.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Change

from:

Oct.2022 -

Nov.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.7 20.4 20.6 20.6 20.5 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,983 22,468 22,707 22,689 21,730 22,427 22,453 22,459 6

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,158.5 10,451.4 10,597.7 10,629.1 10,138.7 10,536.0 10,574.8 10,602.7 27.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,177.2 1,171.0 1,186.9 1,188.6 1,171.8 1,178.8 1,182.4 1,183.2 0.8

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,043.8 1,063.1 1,084.4 1,094.0 1,071.9 1,117.0 1,121.9 1,121.3 -0.6

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,584.4 1,660.4 1,673.2 1,672.9 1,580.2 1,656.2 1,662.0 1,667.6 5.6

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.0 153.5 154.5 155.1 146.6 154.0 153.2 153.1 -0.1

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,372.9 2,424.6 2,461.0 2,471.9 2,360.2 2,439.8 2,450.5 2,458.6 8.1

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,711.4 1,769.2 1,803.6 1,809.3 1,695.7 1,776.7 1,782.2 1,792.4 10.2

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845.0 887.7 894.3 894.1 844.7 891.2 893.9 894.3 0.4

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 458.0 487.7 493.1 490.6 457.0 489.0 490.9 490.4 -0.5

Other professional and technical services. . . 816.8 834.2 846.7 852.6 810.6 833.3 837.8 841.9 4.1

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,351.0 2,389.6 2,394.6 2,401.7 2,349.0 2,393.0 2,396.0 2,399.1 3.1

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,473.4 9,627.2 9,714.3 9,658.5 9,241.8 9,498.2 9,482.4 9,457.2 -25.2

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,005.7 9,143.5 9,227.7 9,170.7 8,779.5 9,017.7 9,001.3 8,974.8 -26.5

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 563.1 604.6 609.1 609.9 561.7 603.8 606.6 609.7 3.1

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.6 157.3 158.5 159.0 155.0 157.1 157.3 158.0 0.7

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,894.2 3,913.3 3,988.6 3,964.6 3,724.2 3,860.8 3,851.6 3,826.6 -25.0

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,191.6 3,175.8 3,245.1 3,221.4 3,036.4 3,132.5 3,126.4 3,109.2 -17.2

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831.2 763.3 766.3 768.5 806.0 765.4 757.6 746.8 -10.8

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.6 156.6 157.9 158.3 143.6 155.2 156.3 158.0 1.7

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 915.6 940.1 943.1 946.2 909.8 938.1 937.1 938.6 1.5

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,196.2 2,278.7 2,274.2 2,244.8 2,173.6 2,214.7 2,211.9 2,217.2 5.3

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.2 329.6 330.0 319.4 305.6 322.7 322.9 320.0 -2.9

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467.7 483.7 486.6 487.8 462.3 480.5 481.1 482.4 1.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,155 24,618 24,953 25,088 23,874 24,644 24,724 24,806 82

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,867.4 3,847.4 4,004.9 4,034.7 3,683.6 3,842.1 3,847.6 3,861.3 13.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,287.5 20,770.2 20,948.4 21,052.8 20,189.9 20,802.3 20,876.1 20,944.2 68.1

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,147.5 16,521.0 16,630.2 16,701.5 16,079.8 16,524.5 16,579.1 16,623.8 44.7

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 8,030.2 8,231.0 8,311.9 8,350.6 7,986.8 8,248.2 8,282.3 8,305.6 23.3

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,787.7 2,850.3 2,877.9 2,882.1 2,774.5 2,854.4 2,865.7 2,867.2 1.5

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,018.1 1,040.6 1,053.8 1,058.3 1,012.6 1,045.2 1,050.5 1,052.3 1.8

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,054.0 1,096.3 1,112.5 1,115.1 1,049.0 1,099.8 1,108.3 1,111.0 2.7

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,008.9 1,031.4 1,034.6 1,044.9 1,006.2 1,032.7 1,034.6 1,041.2 6.6

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 310.5 311.7 310.7 310.3 309.7 313.4 310.2 310.5 0.3

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,538.3 1,578.6 1,595.9 1,608.6 1,522.1 1,580.5 1,586.2 1,592.8 6.6

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.7 322.1 326.5 331.3 312.8 322.2 326.9 330.7 3.8

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,140.8 5,244.7 5,255.2 5,275.6 5,125.6 5,236.2 5,246.7 5,257.7 11.0

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 2,976.5 3,045.3 3,063.1 3,075.3 2,967.4 3,040.1 3,050.1 3,060.5 10.4

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,353.3 1,367.7 1,377.1 1,379.6 1,346.0 1,364.3 1,366.7 1,369.5 2.8

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 598.2 616.2 618.8 619.9 597.4 616.0 618.1 618.5 0.4

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870.0 904.3 908.6 914.4 869.4 902.1 906.7 912.0 5.3

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 155.0 157.1 158.6 161.4 154.6 157.8 158.7 160.5 1.8

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,140.0 4,249.2 4,318.2 4,351.3 4,110.1 4,277.8 4,297.0 4,320.4 23.4

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,742.8 2,821.4 2,861.2 2,884.1 2,728.1 2,840.0 2,850.5 2,867.6 17.1

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 196.8 200.4 205.5 207.1 195.7 202.6 206.6 205.9 -0.7

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 275.7 274.7 277.4 277.9 275.6 275.3 275.5 277.1 1.6

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924.7 952.7 974.1 982.2 910.8 959.8 964.4 969.8 5.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,755 15,971 15,918 15,812 14,919 15,855 15,915 16,003 88

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,061.1 2,378.5 2,309.5 2,239.0 2,155.6 2,326.2 2,331.2 2,341.2 10.0

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 448.3 526.2 502.9 478.0 438.3 494.5 486.4 479.6 -6.8

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.9 163.6 162.9 163.0 145.8 162.1 162.4 164.6 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Change

from:

Oct.2022 -

Nov.2022p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,467.9 1,688.7 1,643.7 1,598.0 1,571.5 1,669.6 1,682.4 1,697.0 14.6

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,693.5 13,592.4 13,608.5 13,573.4 12,763.2 13,529.1 13,583.6 13,661.6 78.0

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,551.1 1,757.4 1,742.0 1,704.9 1,599.0 1,728.6 1,746.8 1,762.7 15.9

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,142.4 11,835.0 11,866.5 11,868.5 11,164.2 11,800.5 11,836.8 11,898.9 62.1

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,583 5,721 5,752 5,771 5,580 5,729 5,741 5,765 24

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397.6 1,435.2 1,447.4 1,449.9 1,395.7 1,436.5 1,441.7 1,446.4 4.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,412.9 1,469.6 1,482.3 1,492.6 1,407.5 1,471.0 1,474.5 1,485.5 11.0

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,772.8 2,815.7 2,822.1 2,828.8 2,776.9 2,821.5 2,824.3 2,833.2 8.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,551 22,423 22,728 22,877 22,114 22,340 22,376 22,418 42

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,895 2,875 2,878 2,881 2,884 2,867 2,872 2,871 -1

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,276.5 2,280.1 2,279.4 2,281.8 2,275.0 2,268.7 2,272.4 2,277.3 4.9

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618.3 594.8 598.1 599.6 609.2 597.9 599.7 594.0 -5.7

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,401 5,358 5,435 5,467 5,220 5,273 5,273 5,284 11

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,760.6 2,708.6 2,790.8 2,820.9 2,571.3 2,628.5 2,626.3 2,632.9 6.6

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,640.0 2,649.1 2,643.9 2,646.2 2,648.2 2,644.9 2,646.5 2,651.5 5.0

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,255 14,190 14,415 14,529 14,010 14,200 14,231 14,263 32

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,943.1 7,757.0 7,992.8 8,075.5 7,659.0 7,760.4 7,776.0 7,793.7 17.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,312.1 6,433.0 6,421.9 6,453.8 6,350.5 6,440.0 6,455.3 6,468.9 13.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.8 34.5 34.5 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.0 39.9 40.0 39.7

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.0 46.4 46.4 46.6

Construction....................................................................... 39.0 38.6 38.9 38.4

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.3 40.3 40.4 40.2

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.5 40.7 40.8 40.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.0 39.7 39.7 39.7

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.7 33.5 33.4 33.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.0 34.1 34.1

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.2 38.9 38.9 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.1 30.1 30.2 30.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.2 38.4 38.5 38.3

Utilities........................................................................... 41.7 42.1 42.7 42.0

Information......................................................................... 36.8 36.6 36.5 36.2

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.4 37.4 37.2

Professional and business services............................................ 36.7 36.8 36.7 36.5

Education and health services.................................................. 33.4 33.4 33.3 33.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.2 25.7 25.5 25.5

Other services..................................................................... 32.3 32.3 32.2 32.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Total private............................................... $31.23 $32.49 $32.64 $32.82 $1,086.80 $1,120.91 $1,126.08 $1,129.01

Goods-producing....................................... 31.55 32.71 32.88 32.94 1,262.00 1,305.13 1,315.20 1,307.72

Mining and logging.................................. 35.58 36.65 36.56 36.79 1,601.10 1,700.56 1,696.38 1,714.41

Construction.......................................... 33.44 35.06 35.26 35.37 1,304.16 1,353.32 1,371.61 1,358.21

Manufacturing........................................ 30.24 31.14 31.29 31.32 1,218.67 1,254.94 1,264.12 1,259.06

Durable goods.................................... 31.79 32.74 32.90 32.90 1,287.50 1,332.52 1,342.32 1,329.16

Nondurable goods................................ 27.66 28.44 28.58 28.67 1,106.40 1,129.07 1,134.63 1,138.20

Private service-providing.............................. 31.16 32.43 32.59 32.80 1,050.09 1,086.41 1,088.51 1,095.52

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 26.79 27.95 28.18 28.49 924.26 950.30 960.94 971.51

Wholesale trade.................................. 34.19 35.30 35.64 35.78 1,340.25 1,373.17 1,386.40 1,395.42

Retail trade........................................ 22.33 23.10 23.28 23.48 694.46 695.31 703.06 709.10

Transportation and warehousing............... 27.13 28.60 28.80 29.52 1,036.37 1,098.24 1,108.80 1,130.62

Utilities............................................. 45.33 47.82 48.21 48.01 1,890.26 2,013.22 2,058.57 2,016.42

Information........................................... 44.57 47.69 47.70 48.44 1,640.18 1,745.45 1,741.05 1,753.53

Financial activities................................... 40.70 42.06 42.06 42.21 1,522.18 1,573.04 1,573.04 1,570.21

Professional and business services.............. 37.48 39.02 39.25 39.50 1,375.52 1,435.94 1,440.48 1,441.75

Education and health services..................... 30.88 31.98 32.08 32.24 1,031.39 1,068.13 1,068.26 1,073.59

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 19.28 20.32 20.41 20.51 505.14 522.22 520.46 523.01

Other services....................................... 28.29 28.83 28.99 29.09 913.77 931.21 933.48 930.88

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2022 -

Nov.

2022p

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2022 -

Nov.

2022p

Total private..................................... 110.5 113.2 113.4 113.2 -0.2 165.1 175.8 176.9 177.7 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 93.9 96.5 97.0 96.4 -0.6 133.9 142.7 144.2 143.6 -0.4

Mining and logging........................ 82.3 92.4 92.7 93.6 1.0 117.6 136.0 136.1 138.2 1.5

Construction................................ 100.9 102.7 103.7 102.6 -1.1 146.5 156.5 158.8 157.7 -0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 90.7 93.4 93.9 93.5 -0.4 127.6 135.3 136.6 136.2 -0.3

Durable goods........................... 88.8 91.8 92.3 91.6 -0.8 125.3 133.5 134.9 133.8 -0.8

Nondurable goods...................... 94.4 96.5 96.7 96.8 0.1 132.5 139.3 140.3 140.8 0.4

Private service-providing.................... 114.9 118.0 117.9 118.1 0.2 174.1 186.0 186.7 188.2 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 105.7 106.7 107.0 106.8 -0.2 152.7 160.8 162.6 164.1 0.9

Wholesale trade......................... 99.1 101.3 101.5 101.7 0.2 141.7 149.6 151.2 152.1 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 98.2 96.6 96.9 96.7 -0.2 145.0 147.4 149.0 150.0 0.7

Transportation and warehousing...... 137.3 143.7 144.0 142.9 -0.8 189.6 209.0 210.9 214.6 1.8

Utilities.................................... 97.2 98.8 100.4 98.7 -1.7 145.6 156.1 160.0 156.5 -2.2

Information................................. 97.6 101.6 101.5 101.3 -0.2 154.9 172.5 172.4 174.8 1.4

Financial activities......................... 108.4 109.9 110.1 109.7 -0.4 172.1 180.3 180.6 180.6 0.0

Professional and business services..... 125.0 129.4 129.2 128.5 -0.5 189.8 204.5 205.3 205.6 0.1

Education and health services........... 130.2 134.4 134.4 134.9 0.4 193.4 206.8 207.5 209.2 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 111.5 116.3 115.8 116.4 0.5 173.5 190.6 190.7 192.7 1.0

Other services............................. 103.9 106.7 106.6 106.4 -0.2 161.1 168.6 169.4 169.6 0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Total nonfarm............................................. 74,037 76,306 76,463 76,625 49.8 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private............................................ 61,250 63,310 63,441 63,584 48.4 48.5 48.5 48.5

Goods-producing.................................... 4,703 4,908 4,925 4,947 22.8 23.1 23.1 23.2

Mining and logging............................... 76 84 84 85 13.1 13.2 13.2 13.3

Construction....................................... 1,037 1,086 1,086 1,094 13.8 14.1 14.0 14.1

Manufacturing..................................... 3,590 3,738 3,755 3,768 28.7 29.0 29.1 29.1

Durable goods.................................. 1,906 1,997 2,006 2,015 24.5 24.9 25.0 25.0

Nondurable goods............................. 1,684 1,741 1,749 1,753 35.6 35.7 35.8 35.9

Private service-providing........................... 56,547 58,402 58,516 58,637 53.4 53.4 53.4 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,104 11,428 11,413 11,365 39.5 39.7 39.7 39.6

Wholesale trade................................ 1,728.0 1,799.7 1,799.8 1,789.6 30.2 30.5 30.4 30.3

Retail trade..................................... 7,597.2 7,726.3 7,714.3 7,678.1 48.8 48.9 48.8 48.7

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,643.7 1,763.6 1,759.3 1,758.4 26.3 27.1 27.0 27.1

Utilities........................................... 135.4 138.3 139.2 138.5 25.1 25.5 25.6 25.5

Information......................................... 1,150 1,230 1,234 1,236 39.6 40.5 40.5 40.3

Financial activities................................ 4,946 4,994 5,006 5,012 55.9 55.7 55.7 55.7

Professional and business services............ 10,072 10,318 10,330 10,352 46.4 46.0 46.0 46.1

Education and health services.................. 18,405 19,008 19,062 19,124 77.1 77.1 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,918 8,378 8,419 8,475 53.1 52.8 52.9 53.0

Other services..................................... 2,952 3,046 3,052 3,073 52.9 53.2 53.2 53.3

Government............................................. 12,787 12,996 13,022 13,041 57.8 58.2 58.2 58.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Total private............................................................................... 103,155 106,499 106,705 106,880

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,729 15,240 15,281 15,292

Mining and logging.................................................................. 435 473 473 473

Construction.......................................................................... 5,563 5,707 5,722 5,729

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,731 9,060 9,086 9,090

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,352 5,564 5,584 5,600

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,379 3,496 3,502 3,490

Private service-providing.............................................................. 88,426 91,259 91,424 91,588

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,738 24,268 24,267 24,231

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,562.2 4,686.4 4,701.5 4,693.4

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,253.3 13,462.4 13,445.2 13,405.4

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,493.0 5,687.4 5,687.2 5,698.3

Utilities.............................................................................. 429.5 431.5 433.3 434.0

Information............................................................................ 2,308 2,423 2,420 2,440

Financial activities................................................................... 6,652 6,759 6,775 6,789

Professional and business services............................................... 17,462 17,913 17,907 17,893

Education and health services..................................................... 20,809 21,433 21,491 21,558

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 12,936 13,794 13,887 13,987

Other services........................................................................ 4,521 4,669 4,677 4,690

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.2 34.0 34.0 33.9

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.9 40.7 40.7 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.0 48.0 47.8 47.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.7 39.5 39.7 39.1

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.4 41.1 41.0 40.9

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.5 41.4 41.4 41.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 40.5 40.4 40.4

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.0 32.9 32.8 32.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 33.9 33.9 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.1 39.0 38.9 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.7 30.3 30.3 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.1 37.8 37.8 37.7

Utilities........................................................................... 41.7 42.1 42.6 42.4

Information......................................................................... 36.5 36.1 36.1 36.0

Financial activities................................................................ 37.3 37.2 37.1 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 36.4 36.4 36.4 36.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 24.6 24.5 24.5

Other services..................................................................... 31.4 31.2 31.3 31.1

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.1 4.0 4.1 3.9

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Total private............................................... $26.55 $27.78 $27.91 $28.10 $908.01 $944.52 $948.94 $952.59

Goods-producing....................................... 26.99 28.27 28.41 28.51 1,103.89 1,150.59 1,156.29 1,154.66

Mining and logging.................................. 31.74 33.07 33.09 33.01 1,491.78 1,587.36 1,581.70 1,574.58

Construction.......................................... 31.04 32.78 32.91 32.94 1,232.29 1,294.81 1,306.53 1,287.95

Manufacturing........................................ 24.24 25.25 25.38 25.57 1,003.54 1,037.78 1,040.58 1,045.81

Durable goods.................................... 25.32 26.42 26.62 26.88 1,050.78 1,093.79 1,102.07 1,110.14

Nondurable goods................................ 22.53 23.35 23.37 23.40 932.74 945.68 944.15 945.36

Private service-providing.............................. 26.46 27.67 27.81 28.02 873.18 910.34 912.17 919.06

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 23.05 24.24 24.42 24.78 788.31 821.74 827.84 840.04

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.26 29.59 29.79 29.94 1,104.97 1,154.01 1,158.83 1,167.66

Retail trade........................................ 18.99 19.70 19.84 19.96 582.99 596.91 601.15 604.79

Transportation and warehousing............... 25.03 26.77 26.93 27.95 953.64 1,011.91 1,017.95 1,053.72

Utilities............................................. 40.38 42.29 42.88 42.74 1,683.85 1,780.41 1,826.69 1,812.18

Information........................................... 36.87 38.93 38.92 39.33 1,345.76 1,405.37 1,405.01 1,415.88

Financial activities................................... 30.90 32.56 32.64 32.77 1,152.57 1,211.23 1,210.94 1,212.49

Professional and business services.............. 31.46 32.75 32.94 33.12 1,145.14 1,192.10 1,199.02 1,202.26

Education and health services..................... 27.97 29.13 29.26 29.40 909.03 949.64 953.88 958.44

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.95 17.99 18.09 18.21 423.75 442.55 443.21 446.15

Other services....................................... 24.19 24.76 24.78 24.96 759.57 772.51 775.61 776.26

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2022 -

Nov.

2022p

Nov.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Nov.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2022 -

Nov.

2022p

Total private..................................... 117.6 120.7 120.9 120.7 -0.2 208.6 224.0 225.5 226.8 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 92.1 94.8 95.0 94.6 -0.4 152.1 164.1 165.3 165.2 -0.1

Mining and logging........................ 108.6 120.7 120.1 119.9 -0.2 200.6 232.0 231.2 230.2 -0.4

Construction................................ 110.6 112.9 113.7 112.2 -1.3 185.3 199.8 202.1 199.5 -1.3

Manufacturing.............................. 83.0 85.5 85.5 85.3 -0.2 131.5 141.2 141.9 142.7 0.6

Durable goods........................... 83.4 86.5 86.8 86.9 0.1 131.9 142.7 144.3 145.8 1.0

Nondurable goods...................... 82.4 83.4 83.4 83.1 -0.4 131.2 137.6 137.7 137.4 -0.2

Private service-providing.................... 124.3 127.9 127.8 128.0 0.2 225.6 242.8 243.7 246.0 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 113.5 115.0 115.0 114.9 -0.1 187.0 199.3 200.8 203.4 1.3

Wholesale trade......................... 105.9 108.5 108.5 108.6 0.1 176.6 189.4 190.8 192.0 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 103.0 103.2 103.1 102.8 -0.3 167.6 174.3 175.3 175.8 0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 158.4 162.7 162.7 162.6 -0.1 252.3 277.2 278.9 289.2 3.7

Utilities.................................... 91.6 92.9 94.4 94.1 -0.3 154.4 164.0 169.0 167.9 -0.7

Information................................. 96.2 99.8 99.7 100.3 0.6 175.5 192.4 192.1 195.2 1.6

Financial activities......................... 116.8 118.3 118.3 118.2 -0.1 222.0 237.1 237.6 238.4 0.3

Professional and business services..... 142.1 145.8 145.7 145.2 -0.3 265.9 283.9 285.5 286.0 0.2

Education and health services........... 144.2 149.0 149.4 149.8 0.3 266.2 286.4 288.5 290.8 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 118.5 124.3 124.6 125.5 0.7 228.0 253.9 256.0 259.6 1.4

Other services............................. 99.6 102.2 102.7 102.3 -0.4 175.5 184.3 185.4 186.0 0.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.