Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-17-0138 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, January 31, 2017 

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – DECEMBER 2016 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.5 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 

period ending in December 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and 

salaries (which make up about 70 percent of compensation costs) increased 0.5 percent, and benefits

(which make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation) increased 0.4 percent. (See chart 1 and tables 

A, 1, 2, and 3.) 

Civilian Workers 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.2 percent for the 12-month period ending in

December 2016. In December 2015, compensation costs increased 2.0 percent. Wages and salaries

increased 2.3 percent for the current 12-month period, and increased 2.1 percent for the 12-month period 

ending in December 2015. Benefit costs increased 2.1 percent for the 12-month period ending in

December 2016. In December 2015, the increase was 1.7 percent. (See chart 2 and tables A, 4, 8, and 

12.) 

Private Industry Workers

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.2 percent over the year. In December 2015, 

the increase was 1.9 percent. Wages and salaries increased 2.3 percent for the current 12-month period. 

In December 2015, the increase was 2.1 percent. The cost of benefits rose 1.8 percent for the 12-month 

period ending in December 2016, higher than the 1.3 percent increase in December 2015. (See charts 3 

and 4 and tables A, 5, 9, and 12.) 

Chart 2. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, civilian workers, wages and salaries and 

benefits

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

Chart 1. Three-month percent change, seasonally 

adjusted, civilian workers, compensation

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
- 2 - 

Chart 5. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally adjusted,

state and local government, wages and salaries and benefits

Employer costs for health benefits increased 2.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in December

2016. (For further information, see www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.) 

Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-month 

period ending in December 2016 ranged from 1.7 percent for management, professional, and related

occupations to 3.2 percent for service occupations. (See table 5.)

Among industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the current 

12-month period ranged from 1.2 percent for professional and business services to 3.3 percent for leisure 

and hospitality. (See table 5.) 

State and Local Government Workers

Compensation costs for state and local 

government workers increased

2.4 percent for the 12-month period 

ending in December 2016. In December

2015, the increase was 2.5 percent. 

Wages and salaries increased 2.1 

percent for the 12-month period ending 

in December 2016, higher than the 

December 2015 increase of 1.8 percent. 

Benefit costs increased 3.1 percent for 

the 12-month period ending in

December 2016. The prior year’s

increase was 3.5 percent. (See chart 5 

and tables A, 7, 11, and 12.) 

 

Chart 4. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, private industry, wages and salaries and 

benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

Chart 3. Twelve-month percent change, not 

seasonally adjusted, private industry, benefits and 

health benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Health benefits

Benefits
- 3 -

Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index

(Percent change)

Category

3-month,

seasonally adjusted 12-month, not seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2016

Dec. 

2016

Dec. 

2015

Mar. 

2016

June

2016

Sept.

2016

Dec.

2016

CIVILIAN 

WORKERS1

Compensation2 0.6 0.5 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.2

Wages and salaries 0.5 0.5 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.3

Benefits 0.7 0.4 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.1

PRIVATE 

INDUSTRY

Compensation2 0.5 0.5 1.9 1.8 2.4 2.3 2.2

Wages and salaries 0.5 0.5 2.1 2.0 2.6 2.4 2.3

Benefits 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.8 1.8

STATE AND 

LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT

Compensation2 0.9 0.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.4

Wages and salaries 0.7 0.5 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.1

Benefits 1.2 0.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.1

1 Includes private industry and state and local government.

2 Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

The Employment Cost Index for March 2017 is scheduled for release on 

Friday, April 28, 2017, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— 

Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

BLS news releases, including the ECI, are available through an email subscription service at

www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
- 4 - 

TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of 

employment shifts among occupations and industries. Detailed information on survey concepts, 

coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation can be found in the BLS Handbook of 

Methods, Chapter 8, “National Compensation Measures,” at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf. 

Sample size

Data for the December 2016 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 

28,100 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,800 private industry establishments 

and approximately 8,000 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local 

government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Standard errors

To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of Employment Cost Index (ECI) series, standard errors of 

all current quarter estimates except seasonally adjusted series are made available shortly after publication 

of the news release. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that 

it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. For further information see: 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm. 

Health insurance data

Data from the ECI that provide 12-month percent changes in employer costs for health insurance in

private industry are available at www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf. 

Historical listings

Historical listings that provide all ECI data are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Included among 

these listings is one that provides continuous occupational and industry series. This listing uses the 

Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Census of Population series through 2005 and the North 

American Industry Classification System and Standard Occupational Classification from 2006 to the 

present. It provides the official series from the beginning of the ECI in 1975 through the current quarter. 

For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article published in the 

Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf. 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data 

The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on data from the ECI, are published in a 

separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation" (ECEC). These releases are 

issued 3 months after the reference period. The ECEC release dates are available at: 

www.bls.gov/schedule/2017/home.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents at 

www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than the 

fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ from 

those in the ECI. For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the 

ECI, see www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-theemployment-cost-index.htm. 
- 5 -

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry

(Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes(Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2014

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Civilian workers

All workers2 127.4 128.0 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

Industry

 Goods-producing industries3 125.2 125.9 .5 .6 .7 .4 .7 .5 .6 .4 .6

 Manufacturing 125.1 125.7 .6 .7 .6 .5 .7 .5 .6 .6 .5

 Service-providing industries4 128.0 128.6 .5 .6 .1 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5

 Education and health services 128.1 128.8 .7 .5 .5 .5 .6 .4 .6 .7 .5

Educational services 128.5 129.3 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .3 .6 .9 .6

Elementary and secondary schools 128.5 129.1 .5 .6 .6 .6 .8 .5 .5 1.2 .5

Junior colleges, colleges, 

universities, and professional schools

128.5 129.5 .7 .6 .6 .6 .5 .2 .6 .5 .8

Health care and social assistance5 127.7 128.3 .7 .5 .4 .4 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5

Hospitals 128.2 129.1 .4 .5 .5 .4 .6 .4 .7 .5 .7

Nursing and residential care facilities 124.1 125.0 .6 .5 .6 .5 .4 .7 .6 .5 .7

 Public administration 131.6 132.2 .6 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5

 Private industry workers

All workers 126.7 127.3 .5 .7 .0 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5

Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 127.0 127.6 .5 .5 .2 .6 .6 .5 .2 .6 .5

 Management, business, and financial 127.5 128.7 .4 .6 -.1 1.0 .6 .5 -.1 .8 .9

 Professional and related 126.6 126.9 .6 .5 .2 .4 .5 .5 .3 .4 .2

 Sales and office 126.7 127.0 .7 1.2 -.7 .7 .5 .9 1.0 .2 .2

 Sales and related 122.6 122.2 1.0 2.2 -2.2 .9 .2 .7 1.6 -.3 -.3

 Office and administrative support 129.6 130.4 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 1.0 .5 .6 .6

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 126.9 127.8 .6 .3 .2 .4 .5 .6 .6 .2 .7

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

127.2 128.3 .7 .4 .6 .4 .4 .8 .9 .1 .9

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 126.7 127.4 .5 .1 .0 .3 .6 .3 .3 .6 .6

 Production, transportation, and material moving 126.3 127.2 .5 .7 .6 .5 .7 .7 .6 .6 .7

 Production 125.0 125.6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6 .5

 Transportation and material moving 128.2 129.3 .3 .8 .7 .4 .5 .9 .6 .6 .9

 Service occupations 126.5 127.2 .5 .7 .2 .4 .5 .9 1.0 .8 .6

Industry

 Goods-producing industries3 125.1 125.8 .5 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5 .6 .4 .6

 Construction 124.7 125.6 .5 .3 .7 .6 .7 .5 .8 -.1 .7

 Manufacturing 125.1 125.7 .6 .7 .6 .5 .7 .5 .6 .6 .5

Aircraft manufacturing 112.2 113.5 .5 .3 .4 -.6 .5 1.7 .6 -.9 1.2

 Service-providing industries6 127.3 127.8 .5 .7 -.1 .6 .4 .7 .6 .6 .4

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 128.1 128.7 .5 .4 .5 1.0 .1 1.2 .7 .4 .5

Retail trade 128.4 129.1 .6 .6 1.0 .8 .6 1.7 .7 .6 .5

Transportation and warehousing 129.7 131.1 .5 .4 .8 .6 .4 1.2 .5 .6 1.1

Utilities 137.3 138.5 .6 1.1 .7 .9 .7 .5 .5 .7 .9

 Information 124.9 125.5 .5 1.0 -3.7 .7 .3 .7 .1 .8 .5

 Financial activities 127.0 127.7 .5 .8 .5 .2 .7 .2 .7 1.4 .6

Finance and insurance 127.3 128.0 .6 .7 .6 .2 .9 .0 .8 1.4 .5

Credit intermediation and related

activities

126.5 127.1 .6 .7 .7 .6 .4 .6 .4 1.5 .5

Insurance carriers and related activities 129.5 129.8 .6 .7 .4 .6 1.1 .3 .7 1.3 .2

See footnotes at end of table.
- 6 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry – Continued 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

- 6 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry – Continued 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes(Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2014

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

 

 Industry

 Real estate and rental and leasing 125.8 126.7 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7

 Professional and business services 128.1 128.1 .5 1.3 -1.0 1.0 .6 .6 .3 .2 .0

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 130.2 130.4 .3 2.0 -1.7 .9 .4 .8 .5 .0 .2

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

125.4 124.5 .6 .3 -.2 1.1 .4 .7 .1 .4 -.7

 Education and health services 127.2 127.8 .7 .5 .4 .3 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5

 Educational services 127.4 128.4 .5 .6 .3 .2 .5 .5 .6 .2 .8

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

128.5 129.5 .6 .4 .5 .4 .5 .2 .6 .4 .8

 Health care and social assistance5 127.1 127.7 .7 .3 .5 .3 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5

 Hospitals 127.9 128.8 .4 .5 .6 .3 .6 .4 .7 .5 .7

 Nursing and residential care facilities 122.6 123.5 .5 .3 .6 .5 .3 .7 .7 .5 .7

 Leisure and hospitality 125.4 125.8 .3 .7 .6 .0 .6 1.1 1.0 .9 .3

 Accommodation and food services 126.2 126.6 .3 .6 .4 .2 .6 1.2 1.1 1.0 .3

 Other services, except public administration 127.7 128.5 -.1 1.0 .6 .6 .4 .0 1.0 .9 .6

 State and local government workers

All workers 130.3 131.0 .6 .5 .6 .6 .8 .5 .5 .9 .5

 Industry

 Education and health services 129.2 129.9 .5 .6 .6 .7 .7 .4 .6 1.0 .5

 Educational services 128.8 129.5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .8 .3 .6 1.1 .5

 Schools 128.8 129.5 .5 .6 .6 .7 .7 .4 .6 1.1 .5

 Elementary and secondary schools 128.8 129.4 .4 .6 .6 .6 .9 .4 .5 1.3 .5

 Health care and social assistance5 132.2 133.0 .4 .9 .4 .5 .8 .6 .5 .5 .6

 Hospitals 129.8 130.5 .4 .5 .4 .5 .6 .6 .7 .5 .5

 Public administration 131.6 132.2 .6 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration. 

 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 

 6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 
- 7 -

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry

(Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes(Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2014

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Civilian workers

All workers1 126.0 126.6 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5

Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 125.4 126.2 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6

 Manufacturing 125.7 126.4 .6 .7 .7 .6 .7 .6 .7 .7 .6

 Service-providing industries3 126.2 126.7 .5 .7 .2 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .4

 Education and health services 124.7 125.3 .6 .5 .5 .3 .5 .4 .6 .6 .5

Educational services 123.0 123.5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .4 .3 .5 .7 .4

Elementary and secondary schools 121.9 122.3 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 .8 .3

Junior colleges, colleges, 

universities, and professional schools

124.6 125.4 .7 .5 .7 .4 .4 .3 .6 .6 .6

Health care and social assistance4 126.8 127.3 .7 .4 .5 .3 .6 .5 .6 .6 .4

Hospitals 127.1 128.0 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5 .6 .7 .5 .7

Nursing and residential care facilities 123.0 123.9 .5 .7 .6 .6 .4 .7 .6 .7 .7

 Public administration 124.3 124.9 .5 .4 .5 .5 .3 .5 .5 .6 .4

 Private industry workers

All workers 126.6 127.2 .5 .7 .2 .7 .6 .7 .6 .5 .5

Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 127.5 128.2 .4 .5 .5 .7 .6 .7 .2 .6 .5

 Management, business, and financial 128.1 129.4 .2 .7 .2 1.1 .8 .8 -.2 .8 1.0

 Professional and related 127.2 127.3 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .3 .5 .1

 Sales and office 126.1 126.4 .8 1.7 -1.1 .8 .4 .8 1.1 .1 .2

 Sales and related 122.6 122.3 1.2 3.1 -3.0 1.0 .2 .5 1.7 -.7 -.3

 Office and administrative support 128.7 129.6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .7 1.1 .6 .6 .7

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 125.8 126.7 .6 .3 .7 .2 .5 .6 .9 .2 .7

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

125.4 126.7 .7 .3 .5 .3 .5 1.0 1.1 .0 1.1

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 126.2 126.8 .4 .3 .9 .2 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5

 Production, transportation, and material moving 125.8 126.7 .3 .7 .6 .5 .7 .8 .8 .7 .7

 Production 124.8 125.5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .7 .6 .8 .7 .6

 Transportation and material moving 127.0 128.2 .2 .8 .7 .3 .6 1.1 .9 .6 1.0

Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 125.4 126.2 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6 .7 .4 .6

 Construction 123.9 125.1 .6 .5 .7 .6 .8 .5 .8 -.1 .9

 Manufacturing 125.7 126.4 .6 .7 .7 .6 .7 .6 .7 .7 .6

Aircraft manufacturing 134.6 135.8 .7 .8 .7 .7 .6 .4 .8 .5 .9

 Service-providing industries5 127.0 127.5 .5 .8 .1 .6 .5 .7 .7 .5 .4

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 126.6 127.2 .3 .4 .4 1.1 .1 1.0 .8 .3 .5

Retail trade 128.1 128.9 .6 .6 1.1 .8 .6 1.2 .7 .7 .6

Transportation and warehousing 127.8 129.5 .4 .5 .7 .4 .6 1.3 .8 .5 1.3

Utilities 134.4 135.6 .5 .8 .5 .6 .5 .5 .4 .9 .9

 Information 124.3 125.1 .7 .6 .4 .7 .4 1.2 .5 .8 .6

 Financial activities 127.6 128.5 .5 .8 .5 .2 .8 .3 .9 1.4 .7

Finance and insurance 128.4 129.2 .6 .7 .5 .2 1.0 .1 1.0 1.4 .6

Credit intermediation and related

activities

124.9 125.5 .6 .6 .7 .7 .4 .5 .6 1.2 .5

Insurance carriers and related

activities

129.4 129.7 .4 .7 .2 .7 1.4 .7 .9 1.5 .2

See footnotes at end of table.
- 8 -

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry – Continued

(Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes(Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2014

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Industry

 Professional and business services 128.3 128.3 0.4 1.6 -1.2 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.0

Professional, scientific, and technical services 130.4 130.6 .2 2.7 -2.3 1.2 .5 1.1 .5 -.3 .1

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services

126.2 125.1 .5 .2 .4 1.2 .4 .9 .2 .4 -.9

 Education and health services 126.6 127.3 .7 .5 .5 .2 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6

Educational services 126.1 127.1 .4 .7 .2 .2 .5 .6 .8 .1 .8

Junior colleges, colleges, 

universities, and professional schools

126.4 127.4 .6 .4 .3 .4 .3 .4 .6 .4 .8

Health care and social assistance4 126.7 127.3 .8 .4 .5 .3 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5

Hospitals 127.4 128.3 .5 .4 .6 .4 .6 .5 .8 .5 .7

Nursing and residential care facilities 122.8 123.8 .6 .5 .8 .5 .4 .7 .7 .6 .8

 Leisure and hospitality 126.9 127.4 .4 .7 .6 .0 .6 1.1 1.1 1.0 .4

Accommodation and food services 127.7 128.2 .4 .7 .3 .2 .6 1.2 1.3 1.1 .4

 Other services, except public administration 128.2 129.1 .2 .8 .7 .6 .6 .0 1.1 1.0 .7

 State and local government workers

All workers 123.5 124.1 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4 .4 .7 .5

Industry

 Education and health services 122.8 123.3 .4 .5 .5 .4 .5 .3 .4 .7 .4

Educational services 122.4 122.9 .4 .4 .5 .5 .4 .3 .4 .8 .4

Schools 122.4 122.8 .4 .4 .5 .5 .3 .4 .4 .8 .3

Elementary and secondary schools 121.9 122.2 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 1.0 .2

Health care and social assistance4 126.8 127.6 .3 .5 .5 .5 .7 .3 .6 .4 .6

Hospitals 125.7 126.5 .3 .2 .5 .5 .5 .5 .7 .4 .7

 Public administration 124.3 124.9 .5 .4 .5 .5 .3 .5 .5 .6 .4

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.

5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
- 9 -

 Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes(Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2014

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

 

 Civilian workers

All workers1 130.8 131.3 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4

 Private industry workers

All workers 127.0 127.5 .5 .5 -.2 .5 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 125.8 126.4 .6 .6 -.5 .3 .5 .0 .2 .5 .5

 Sales and office 128.3 128.6 .5 .1 .2 .6 .5 1.1 .6 .6 .2

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 129.4 130.2 .6 .1 -.5 .6 .5 .2 .3 .4 .6

 Production, transportation, and material moving 127.4 128.1 .6 1.0 .6 .6 .6 .6 .3 .6 .5

 Service occupations 126.7 127.2 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .6 .7 .5 .4

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 124.6 124.9 .4 .5 .6 .2 .7 .2 .6 .3 .2

 Manufacturing 124.1 124.4 .5 .8 .5 .2 .8 .4 .4 .4 .2

 Service-providing industries3 128.1 128.6 .5 .6 -.4 .5 .3 .6 .3 .6 .4

 

 State and local government workers

All workers 144.0 145.0 .7 .7 .8 .8 1.2 .6 .6 1.2 .7

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 
- 10 -

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for civilian workers, by occupational group and

industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

- 10 -

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for civilian workers, by occupational group and

industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Civilian workers

All workers2 125.1 127.5 127.9 0.4 0.6 0.3 2.0 2.3 2.2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations3 125.3 127.7 128.2 .5 .6 .4 2.0 2.4 2.3

Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 125.7 127.7 128.1 .4 .7 .3 2.0 2.0 1.9

 Management, business, and financial 126.0 128.0 128.7 .3 .8 .5 2.2 1.9 2.1

 Professional and related 125.6 127.6 127.8 .5 .7 .2 2.0 2.1 1.8

 Sales and office 124.4 127.3 127.4 .2 .2 .1 1.7 2.6 2.4

 Sales and related 120.2 122.8 122.3 .0 -.4 -.4 .9 2.2 1.7

 Office and administrative support 127.0 130.0 130.5 .5 .6 .4 2.3 2.8 2.8

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 125.4 127.5 128.1 .3 .4 .5 1.5 2.0 2.2

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

125.3 127.6 128.6 .4 .2 .8 1.8 2.2 2.6

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 125.5 127.5 127.7 .2 .6 .2 1.3 1.8 1.8

 Production, transportation, and material moving 124.1 126.8 127.5 .5 .7 .6 2.6 2.7 2.7

 Production 122.6 125.0 125.7 .7 .6 .6 2.6 2.6 2.5

 Transportation and material moving 125.9 128.9 129.6 .2 .7 .5 2.4 2.6 2.9

 Service occupations 125.2 128.4 129.1 .4 .9 .5 1.9 3.0 3.1

Industry

 Goods-producing industries4 123.2 125.2 125.8 .6 .4 .5 2.3 2.2 2.1

 Manufacturing 122.8 125.1 125.5 .6 .5 .3 2.5 2.5 2.2

 Service-providing industries5 125.4 127.9 128.3 .3 .6 .3 1.9 2.3 2.3

 Education and health services 126.0 128.2 128.7 .6 .9 .4 2.1 2.3 2.1

Educational services 126.2 128.6 129.2 .6 1.3 .5 2.5 2.5 2.4

Elementary and secondary schools 125.8 128.5 129.0 .6 1.6 .4 2.6 2.8 2.5

Junior colleges, colleges,

universities, and professional schools

126.7 128.8 129.5 .2 1.1 .5 2.3 1.9 2.2

Health care and social assistance6 125.8 127.7 128.3 .4 .5 .5 1.7 1.9 2.0

Hospitals 126.1 128.2 129.1 .5 .5 .7 1.9 2.2 2.4

Nursing and residential care facilities 121.8 124.1 124.9 .3 .6 .6 2.0 2.2 2.5

 Public administration 129.1 131.7 132.0 .5 1.0 .2 2.1 2.5 2.2

1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

4 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

6 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 11 -

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group

and industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

- 11 -

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group

and industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Private industry workers

All workers 124.5 126.8 127.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.9 2.3 2.2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 124.6 127.0 127.5 .4 .5 .4 2.0 2.3 2.3

Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 125.3 127.1 127.4 .3 .5 .2 1.9 1.8 1.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 124.7 126.6 126.9 .3 .5 .2 1.7 1.9 1.8

 Management, business, and financial 125.7 127.7 128.4 .2 .7 .5 2.2 1.8 2.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.0 127.1 127.8 .2 .6 .6 1.8 1.9 2.2

 Professional and related 124.9 126.7 126.7 .3 .4 .0 1.6 1.8 1.4

 Sales and office 123.9 126.7 126.8 .2 .1 .1 1.6 2.5 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.4 128.6 129.2 .5 .5 .5 2.3 3.0 3.0

 Sales and related 120.1 122.7 122.2 .0 -.5 -.4 .9 2.2 1.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.0 126.5 127.0 .3 .5 .4 2.4 3.2 3.3

 Office and administrative support 126.6 129.6 130.2 .6 .5 .5 2.3 2.9 2.8

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 124.9 127.1 127.7 .2 .4 .5 1.4 2.0 2.2

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry

125.1 127.3 128.4 .4 .2 .9 1.8 2.2 2.6

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 124.8 126.9 127.1 .2 .6 .2 1.1 1.8 1.8

 Production, transportation, and material moving 123.7 126.4 127.0 .5 .6 .5 2.6 2.7 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.9 126.6 127.2 .6 .7 .5 2.7 2.8 2.7

 Production 122.5 125.0 125.5 .7 .6 .4 2.6 2.7 2.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 122.7 125.2 125.8 .7 .6 .5 2.7 2.8 2.5

 Transportation and material moving 125.3 128.4 129.1 .2 .7 .5 2.4 2.6 3.0

 Service occupations 123.2 126.5 127.2 .5 .8 .6 1.7 3.2 3.2

Industry and occupational group

 Goods-producing industries3 123.2 125.2 125.8 .6 .4 .5 2.4 2.2 2.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.3 125.5 126.1 .5 .4 .5 2.2 2.3 2.3

Management, professional, and related 122.1 123.9 124.2 .5 .3 .2 2.3 2.0 1.7

Sales and office 125.4 126.8 127.3 1.0 .3 .4 3.5 2.2 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance

124.8 126.9 127.7 .4 .2 .6 1.9 2.1 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving 122.2 124.6 125.1 .7 .7 .4 2.4 2.7 2.4

 Construction 123.4 124.9 125.8 .7 .2 .7 2.2 1.9 1.9

 Manufacturing 122.8 125.1 125.5 .6 .5 .3 2.5 2.5 2.2

Management, professional, and related 122.6 125.0 125.3 .3 .3 .2 2.3 2.3 2.2

Sales and office 126.3 128.1 128.5 .9 .3 .3 3.5 2.3 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance

124.5 126.9 127.2 .6 .6 .2 2.4 2.6 2.2

Production, transportation, and material

moving

121.9 124.2 124.8 .7 .6 .5 2.5 2.6 2.4

Aircraft manufacturing 110.1 112.0 112.9 -.1 -1.5 .8 -.2 1.6 2.5

See footnotes at end of table.
- 12 -

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group

and industry – Continued

(Not seasonally adjusted)

- 12 -

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group

and industry – Continued

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

 Service-providing industries4 124.9 127.3 127.7 0.3 0.5 0.3 1.7 2.2 2.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.1 127.6 128.0 .3 .6 .3 1.9 2.3 2.3

Management, professional, and related 125.9 127.7 128.0 .3 .6 .2 1.8 1.8 1.7

Sales and office 123.8 126.7 126.8 .2 .0 .1 1.6 2.6 2.4

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance

125.3 127.4 127.8 .2 .6 .3 .9 1.8 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving 125.6 128.7 129.5 .2 .6 .6 2.5 2.6 3.1

Service occupations 123.2 126.5 127.2 .5 .9 .6 1.7 3.2 3.2

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 125.0 128.2 128.5 -.2 .3 .2 2.0 2.4 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.4 128.8 129.4 .3 .5 .5 2.6 3.0 3.2

Wholesale trade 123.4 125.0 124.8 -1.0 -.2 -.2 .1 .3 1.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.4 127.8 128.1 .0 .4 .2 2.4 1.9 2.2

Retail trade 124.5 128.5 129.1 .4 .5 .5 3.0 3.6 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.2 127.2 128.1 .5 .4 .7 2.8 3.8 4.0

Transportation and warehousing 126.3 129.9 130.7 -.1 .6 .6 2.2 2.8 3.5

Utilities 134.3 137.3 137.8 .1 .4 .4 3.3 2.3 2.6

 Information 122.7 125.0 125.4 .0 .6 .3 -1.4 1.9 2.2

 Financial activities 123.8 127.0 127.4 .5 1.0 .3 2.3 3.1 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 124.7 127.5 127.8 .2 .6 .2 2.4 2.5 2.5

Finance and insurance 124.1 127.3 127.6 .6 1.1 .2 2.5 3.2 2.8

Credit intermediation and related 

activities

123.1 126.5 126.8 .2 1.2 .2 2.3 3.0 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 126.7 130.0 130.2 .3 .9 .2 2.1 2.9 2.8

Insurance carriers and related activities 126.1 129.5 129.5 .9 1.0 .0 2.9 3.6 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.9 128.3 128.4 .1 .5 .1 2.5 2.0 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing 122.6 125.9 126.7 .2 .8 .6 2.0 2.9 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 126.2 129.3 129.8 .2 .7 .4 2.1 2.7 2.9

 Professional and business services 126.5 128.0 128.0 .5 .0 .0 1.9 1.7 1.2

Professional, scientific, and technical services 128.3 130.0 130.2 .4 -.2 .2 1.6 1.7 1.5

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services

124.0 125.4 124.6 .5 .3 -.6 1.6 1.6 .5

 Education and health services 125.4 127.2 127.8 .4 .5 .5 1.7 1.8 1.9

Educational services 126.0 127.8 128.6 .3 .8 .6 1.7 1.8 2.1

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and

professional schools

127.0 128.8 129.6 .3 .9 .6 1.8 1.7 2.0

Health care and social assistance5 125.3 127.1 127.6 .5 .5 .4 1.7 1.9 1.8

Hospitals 125.8 127.8 128.7 .5 .4 .7 1.9 2.1 2.3

Nursing and residential care facilities 120.2 122.7 123.5 .3 .7 .7 1.7 2.3 2.7

Nursing care facilities2 120.8 122.7 123.6 .4 .6 .7 2.1 2.0 2.3

 Leisure and hospitality 121.8 125.3 125.8 .7 .9 .4 1.8 3.6 3.3

Accommodation and food services 122.1 126.2 126.6 .7 1.1 .3 1.7 4.0 3.7

 Other services, except public administration 125.0 127.9 128.2 .0 1.1 .2 2.6 2.3 2.6

1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 13 -

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by bargaining status

and census region and division

(Not seasonally adjusted)

- 13 -

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by bargaining status

and census region and division

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for–

Bargaining status and census region and division Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Bargaining status

 Union 128.7 130.4 130.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 1.6 1.9 1.5

 Goods-producing industries2 125.4 127.1 128.0 .7 .2 .7 2.5 2.1 2.1

Manufacturing 120.4 121.9 122.8 .9 .2 .7 2.6 2.2 2.0

 Service providing industries3 131.4 133.2 133.1 .5 .4 -.1 1.1 1.8 1.3

 Nonunion 123.8 126.3 126.6 .3 .5 .2 1.9 2.4 2.3

 Goods-producing industries2 122.5 124.6 125.1 .6 .4 .4 2.3 2.3 2.1

Manufacturing 123.5 126.0 126.3 .5 .6 .2 2.4 2.5 2.3

 Service providing industries3 124.2 126.7 127.1 .2 .5 .3 1.8 2.3 2.3

 Census region and division4

 Northeast

125.6 128.2 128.7 .4 .4 .4 1.9 2.5 2.5

 New England 127.7 130.2 131.1 .1 -.8 .7 2.3 2.0 2.7

 Middle Atlantic 124.8 127.4 127.8 .5 .9 .3 1.8 2.6 2.4

 South 124.6 126.2 126.2 .2 .2 .0 1.5 1.5 1.3

 South Atlantic 125.6 127.4 127.8 .2 .0 .3 1.8 1.7 1.8

 East South Central 122.4 125.1 125.5 .6 .3 .3 2.2 2.8 2.5

 West South Central 123.6 124.6 123.8 .0 .6 -.6 .8 .8 .2

 Midwest 122.5 125.3 125.7 .3 .6 .3 1.8 2.6 2.6

 East North Central 121.1 123.6 124.1 .2 .5 .4 1.7 2.3 2.5

 West North Central 125.8 129.5 129.8 .4 .9 .2 2.0 3.4 3.2

 West 125.3 127.9 128.6 .6 .6 .5 2.3 2.6 2.6

 Mountain 124.0 125.8 126.4 .5 .3 .5 2.8 1.9 1.9

 Pacific 125.9 128.8 129.6 .6 .6 .6 2.1 2.9 2.9

1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

4 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New

Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West

Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central:

Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:

Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
- 14 -

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for State and local government workers, by

occupational group and industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

- 14 -

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for State and local government workers, by

occupational group and industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

 State and local government workers

All workers 127.8 130.3 130.9 0.6 1.2 0.5 2.5 2.6 2.4

Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 126.8 129.3 129.8 .6 1.3 .4 2.5 2.6 2.4

 Professional and related 126.7 129.1 129.7 .7 1.3 .5 2.6 2.6 2.4

 Sales and office 129.2 132.3 132.4 .4 1.3 .1 2.2 2.8 2.5

 Office and administrative support 129.3 132.4 132.4 .4 1.3 .0 2.2 2.8 2.4

 Service occupations 130.0 132.9 133.5 .3 1.1 .5 2.3 2.5 2.7

Industry

 Education and health services 126.7 129.3 129.8 .6 1.5 .4 2.7 2.7 2.4

Educational services 126.3 128.9 129.4 .6 1.6 .4 2.7 2.7 2.5

Schools2 126.2 128.8 129.4 .6 1.5 .5 2.6 2.7 2.5

Elementary and secondary schools 126.1 128.8 129.3 .8 1.7 .4 2.7 3.0 2.5

Health care and social assistance3 129.9 132.2 132.8 .6 .7 .5 2.4 2.4 2.2

Hospitals 127.4 129.8 130.5 .4 .6 .5 1.9 2.3 2.4

 Public administration 129.1 131.7 132.0 .5 1.0 .2 2.1 2.5 2.2

1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

2 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional schools.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 15 -

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and

 industry 

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Civilian workers

All workers1 123.7 126.1 126.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.1 2.4 2.3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.6 126.1 126.7 .4 .6 .5 2.1 2.4 2.5

Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 124.3 126.4 126.8 .3 .7 .3 2.1 2.0 2.0

 Management, business, and financial 125.7 127.9 128.7 .4 .9 .6 2.8 2.2 2.4

 Professional and related 123.6 125.6 125.7 .4 .6 .1 1.9 2.0 1.7

 Sales and office 123.4 125.9 126.0 .3 .0 .1 1.9 2.4 2.1

 Sales and related 120.7 122.7 122.1 .0 -.8 -.5 1.2 1.7 1.2

 Office and administrative support 125.1 128.1 128.8 .6 .6 .5 2.4 3.0 3.0

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 123.5 125.9 126.6 .3 .4 .6 1.8 2.3 2.5

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

122.9 125.4 126.6 .4 .1 1.0 1.6 2.5 3.0

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 124.2 126.4 126.7 .2 .7 .2 2.1 2.0 2.0

 Production, transportation, and material moving 122.8 125.8 126.7 .5 .7 .7 2.4 2.9 3.2

 Production 122.1 124.8 125.7 .7 .7 .7 2.4 2.9 2.9

 Transportation and material moving 123.7 127.1 127.9 .2 .8 .6 2.3 3.0 3.4

 Service occupations 123.0 126.3 127.0 .4 1.0 .6 1.7 3.1 3.3

Industry

 Goods-producing industries3 123.2 125.5 126.1 .6 .5 .5 2.6 2.4 2.4

 Manufacturing 123.0 125.7 126.2 .6 .6 .4 2.7 2.8 2.6

 Service-providing industries4 123.8 126.2 126.6 .3 .6 .3 2.0 2.3 2.3

 Education and health services 122.9 124.9 125.4 .4 .8 .4 1.8 2.0 2.0

Educational services 121.2 123.2 123.7 .3 1.1 .4 1.8 2.0 2.1

Elementary and secondary schools 120.1 122.1 122.4 .3 1.2 .2 1.7 2.0 1.9

Junior colleges, colleges,

universities, and professional schools

122.9 124.9 125.5 .2 1.1 .5 2.0 1.9 2.1

Health care and social assistance5 124.8 126.8 127.4 .5 .6 .5 1.8 2.1 2.1

Hospitals 124.9 127.1 128.0 .5 .5 .7 2.0 2.3 2.5

Nursing and residential care facilities 120.7 123.0 123.9 .4 .7 .7 2.3 2.3 2.7

 Public administration 122.3 124.4 124.9 .2 .8 .4 1.7 2.0 2.1

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public adminstration.

5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 16 -

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and

 industry 

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Private industry workers

All workers 124.2 126.7 127.1 0.4 0.5 0.3 2.1 2.4 2.3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.2 126.7 127.3 .5 .6 .5 2.2 2.5 2.5

Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 125.6 127.7 128.1 .4 .6 .3 2.3 2.1 2.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.7 126.8 127.2 .4 .6 .3 2.1 2.1 2.0

 Management, business, and financial 126.2 128.4 129.2 .4 .9 .6 2.9 2.1 2.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.8 127.2 128.0 .3 .6 .6 2.3 2.3 2.6

 Professional and related 125.2 127.2 127.2 .4 .5 .0 2.0 2.0 1.6

 Sales and office 123.5 126.1 126.2 .3 -.1 .1 1.8 2.4 2.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.8 127.8 128.5 .6 .5 .5 2.6 3.0 3.0

 Sales and related 120.7 122.8 122.2 -.1 -.8 -.5 1.1 1.7 1.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 123.3 126.4 127.0 .3 .6 .5 2.8 2.8 3.0

 Office and administrative support 125.6 128.7 129.5 .6 .5 .6 2.5 3.1 3.1

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 123.5 126.0 126.7 .2 .4 .6 1.7 2.3 2.6

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

123.1 125.6 126.9 .4 .1 1.0 1.7 2.4 3.1

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 124.1 126.4 126.6 .2 .7 .2 2.0 2.0 2.0

 Production, transportation, and material moving 122.8 125.9 126.6 .5 .8 .6 2.4 3.0 3.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 123.1 126.1 126.9 .7 .7 .6 2.6 3.1 3.1

 Production 122.0 124.8 125.4 .7 .7 .5 2.4 3.0 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 122.2 125.0 125.6 .7 .7 .5 2.5 3.0 2.8

 Transportation and material moving 123.8 127.2 128.1 .3 .7 .7 2.4 3.1 3.5

 Service occupations 122.8 126.4 127.1 .5 1.0 .6 1.7 3.4 3.5

Industry and occupational group

 Goods-producing industries2 123.2 125.5 126.2 .6 .5 .6 2.6 2.4 2.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 123.4 125.8 126.6 .5 .4 .6 2.5 2.4 2.6

Management, professional, and related 124.1 126.3 126.7 .6 .5 .3 3.1 2.4 2.1

Sales and office 125.5 126.8 127.5 .9 .2 .6 3.5 1.9 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance

123.3 125.6 126.6 .4 .2 .8 1.8 2.3 2.7

Production, transportation, and material moving 121.7 124.4 125.1 .7 .7 .6 2.4 2.9 2.8

 Construction 122.7 124.2 125.3 .7 .2 .9 2.6 2.0 2.1

 Manufacturing 123.0 125.7 126.2 .6 .6 .4 2.7 2.8 2.6

Management, professional, and related 124.1 127.0 127.3 .2 .5 .2 2.7 2.6 2.6

Sales and office 125.6 127.6 128.1 .8 .2 .4 3.5 2.4 2.0

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance

124.5 127.1 127.5 .6 .8 .3 2.4 2.7 2.4

Production, transportation, and material

moving

121.4 124.1 124.8 .7 .7 .6 2.4 2.9 2.8

 Aircraft manufacturing 131.3 134.5 134.7 -.1 .2 .1 2.8 2.4 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.
- 17 -

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and

industry – Continued

(Not seasonally adjusted)

- 17 -

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and

industry – Continued

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

 Service-providing industries3 124.5 127.1 127.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 2.0 2.4 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.4 127.0 127.6 .4 .6 .5 2.1 2.5 2.6

Management, professional, and related 125.9 127.9 128.3 .4 .6 .3 2.2 2.0 1.9

Sales and office 123.3 126.1 126.1 .2 -.1 .0 1.6 2.5 2.3

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance

123.9 126.5 126.8 .2 .6 .2 1.8 2.3 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving 124.1 127.5 128.3 .3 .7 .6 2.5 3.1 3.4

Service occupations 122.8 126.4 127.1 .5 1.0 .6 1.7 3.4 3.5

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 123.9 126.7 127.1 -.1 .3 .3 2.0 2.2 2.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 123.8 126.9 127.7 .5 .5 .6 2.6 3.0 3.2

Wholesale trade 121.1 122.3 121.9 -1.0 -.4 -.3 .0 .0 .7

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 122.0 124.3 124.6 .5 .4 .2 2.6 2.4 2.1

Retail trade 124.9 128.3 128.9 .5 .6 .5 3.1 3.2 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 123.3 126.5 127.5 .6 .5 .8 2.8 3.2 3.4

Transportation and warehousing 124.2 128.2 129.1 -.1 .7 .7 2.1 3.1 3.9

Utilities 131.4 134.5 135.0 .0 .7 .4 2.4 2.4 2.7

 Information 121.0 124.4 124.9 .1 .6 .4 2.1 2.9 3.2

 Financial activities 124.1 127.6 128.2 .6 1.0 .5 2.3 3.4 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.7 127.7 128.2 .2 .5 .4 2.3 2.6 2.8

Finance and insurance 124.9 128.4 128.8 .6 1.1 .3 2.4 3.4 3.1

Credit intermediation and related 

activities

121.8 124.8 125.2 .2 .8 .3 2.4 2.7 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 125.3 128.3 128.7 .2 .4 .3 1.9 2.6 2.7

Insurance carriers and related activities 125.2 129.4 129.4 1.1 1.3 .0 3.0 4.5 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.3 127.2 127.4 .1 .6 .2 2.5 2.4 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing 120.8 124.4 125.4 .2 .8 .8 2.1 3.2 3.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.6 128.1 128.6 .2 .7 .4 2.1 3.1 3.2

 Professional and business services 126.6 128.3 128.3 .6 .0 .0 2.2 1.9 1.3

Professional, scientific, and technical services 128.4 130.2 130.4 .5 -.5 .2 1.9 1.9 1.6

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services

124.5 126.2 125.3 .6 .4 -.7 2.3 1.9 .6

 Education and health services 124.7 126.7 127.3 .5 .6 .5 1.7 2.1 2.1

Educational services 124.5 126.5 127.4 .3 .8 .7 1.5 1.9 2.3

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and

professional schools

124.9 126.7 127.7 .3 1.0 .8 1.5 1.8 2.2

Health care and social assistance4 124.7 126.8 127.3 .5 .6 .4 1.7 2.2 2.1

Hospitals 125.2 127.4 128.3 .6 .5 .7 2.0 2.3 2.5

Nursing and residential care facilities 120.4 122.9 123.8 .3 .7 .7 2.2 2.4 2.8

Nursing care facilities1 120.9 123.1 123.9 .5 .8 .6 2.5 2.3 2.5

 Leisure and hospitality 122.9 126.9 127.4 .6 1.0 .4 1.8 3.8 3.7

Accommodation and food services 123.2 127.7 128.2 .6 1.2 .4 1.8 4.2 4.1

 Other services, except public administration 125.2 128.4 128.7 .1 1.1 .2 2.7 2.6 2.8

1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 18 - 

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and 

census region and division

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for–

Bargaining status and census region and division Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Bargaining status

 Union 125.5 127.2 127.3 0.6 0.3 0.1 1.9 1.9 1.4

 Goods-producing industries1 121.9 123.7 124.7 .6 .3 .8 2.0 2.1 2.3

Manufacturing 119.6 121.4 122.3 .7 .5 .7 2.3 2.2 2.3

 Service-providing industries2 128.0 129.8 129.4 .5 .5 -.3 1.9 2.0 1.1

 Nonunion 124.0 126.6 127.1 .3 .5 .4 2.1 2.4 2.5

 Goods-producing industries1 123.5 125.9 126.6 .6 .5 .6 2.7 2.5 2.5

Manufacturing 123.8 126.6 127.1 .5 .6 .4 2.7 2.8 2.7

 Service-providing industries2 124.2 126.8 127.3 .3 .5 .4 2.1 2.4 2.5

 Census region and divison3

 Northeast 124.7 127.7 128.3 .4 .4 .5 2.0 2.8 2.9

 New England 128.4 131.1 132.1 -.1 -1.3 .8 2.5 2.0 2.9

 Middle Atlantic 123.3 126.3 126.9 .6 .9 .5 2.0 3.0 2.9

 South 125.0 126.8 126.7 .2 .2 -.1 1.8 1.7 1.4

 South Atlantic 126.0 127.9 128.3 .3 -.1 .3 2.1 1.8 1.8

 East South Central 122.5 125.2 125.5 .7 .4 .2 2.6 2.9 2.4

 West South Central 124.3 125.5 124.5 -.1 .8 -.8 1.0 .9 .2

 Midwest 121.8 124.8 125.3 .3 .7 .4 2.3 2.8 2.9

 East North Central 120.1 122.8 123.4 .3 .6 .5 2.2 2.5 2.7

 West North Central 125.8 129.4 129.8 .4 .9 .3 2.2 3.3 3.2

 West 125.2 127.9 128.7 .6 .7 .6 2.5 2.8 2.8

 Mountain 124.9 126.4 127.0 .6 .4 .5 2.8 1.9 1.7

 Pacific 125.4 128.6 129.5 .6 .9 .7 2.4 3.2 3.3

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

2 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

3 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New

Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West

Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central:

Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:

Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
- 19 -

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for State and local government workers, by

occupational group and industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

State and local government workers

All workers 121.6 123.6 124.1 0.3 1.0 0.4 1.8 2.0 2.1

Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 121.1 123.0 123.4 .4 1.0 .3 1.9 2.0 1.9

 Professional and related 121.0 122.9 123.3 .4 1.0 .3 1.8 2.0 1.9

 Sales and office 121.5 123.6 123.8 .3 1.1 .2 1.8 2.1 1.9

 Office and administrative support 121.9 124.0 124.2 .3 1.1 .2 1.8 2.1 1.9

 Service occupations 123.6 125.8 126.5 .4 1.0 .6 1.8 2.2 2.3

Industry

 Education and health services 121.0 123.1 123.4 .3 1.2 .2 1.9 2.1 2.0

 Educational services 120.6 122.6 122.9 .3 1.2 .2 1.9 2.0 1.9

Schools1 120.5 122.6 122.9 .2 1.2 .2 1.8 2.0 2.0

Elementary and secondary schools 120.0 122.1 122.3 .3 1.3 .2 1.7 2.1 1.9

Health care and social assistance2 125.2 126.8 127.6 .7 .5 .6 2.2 2.0 1.9

Hospitals 123.9 125.7 126.6 .6 .5 .7 1.8 2.0 2.2

 Public administration 122.3 124.4 124.9 .2 .8 .4 1.7 2.0 2.1

1 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional schools.

2 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 20 -

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for–

Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Civilian workers

All workers1 128.4 130.8 131.1 0.4 0.8 0.2 1.7 2.3 2.1

 Private industry workers

All workers 125.1 127.0 127.3 .2 .4 .2 1.3 1.8 1.8

Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 124.5 125.8 126.0 .2 .3 .2 .9 1.2 1.2

 Sales and office 125.0 128.3 128.4 .2 .5 .1 1.3 2.9 2.7

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 127.9 129.4 129.9 .2 .2 .4 .6 1.4 1.6

 Production, transportation, and material moving 125.4 127.4 127.9 .4 .5 .4 2.7 2.0 2.0

 Service occupations 124.3 126.6 127.1 .4 .5 .4 1.7 2.3 2.3

Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 123.1 124.6 124.9 .6 .2 .2 2.0 1.8 1.5

 Manufacturing 122.5 124.1 124.3 .7 .3 .2 2.3 2.1 1.5

Aircraft manufacturing 87.4 88.0 89.6 -.1 -4.1 1.8 -4.7 .6 2.5

 Service-providing industries3 125.9 128.0 128.3 .2 .4 .2 1.0 1.8 1.9

Bargaining status

 Union 133.9 135.6 136.1 .5 .2 .4 1.0 1.8 1.6

 Nonunion 123.3 125.3 125.5 .2 .5 .2 1.3 1.9 1.8

State and local government workers

All workers 140.6 144.3 145.0 1.0 1.7 .5 3.5 3.7 3.1

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
- 21 -

 Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1and wages and salaries, for

 private industry workers, by area 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 21 -

 Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1and wages and salaries, for

 private industry workers, by area 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 

Percent changes for 12 months ended–

Census region and metropolitan area2 Total compensation Wages and salaries

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Dec.

2015

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Northeast

 Boston–Worcester–Manchester, MA–NH CSA 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.9

 New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY–NJ–CT–PA CSA 1.4 2.3 2.3 1.4 3.2 3.3

 Philadelphia–Camden–Vineland, PA–NJ–DE–MD

 CSA

1.6 2.3 2.2 1.5 2.3 2.4

South

 Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Gainesville, GA–AL CSA 1.7 2.2 3.5 2.1 2.7 4.2

 Dallas–Fort Worth, TX CSA 1.7 1.9 1.4 2.9 2.3 1.5

 Houston–Baytown–Huntsville, TX CSA 2.0 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.3

 Miami–Fort Lauderdale–Pompano Beach, FL MSA 1.7 1.9 3.4 1.8 2.1 3.6

 Washington–Baltimore–Northern Virginia,

 DC–MD–VA–WV CSA

2.4 1.8 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.8

Midwest

 Chicago–Naperville–Michigan City, IL–IN–WI CSA .9 2.4 2.9 1.9 2.6 3.0

 Detroit–Warren–Flint, MI CSA 2.5 2.5 1.8 2.9 2.6 2.3

 Minneapolis–St. Paul–St. Cloud, MN–WI CSA 4.1 2.9 .7 4.9 2.8 -.2

West

 Los Angeles–Long Beach–Riverside, CA CSA 2.5 3.3 2.6 2.7 3.8 3.1

 Phoenix–Mesa–Scottsdale, AZ MSA 2.2 2.8 3.0 2.3 2.6 2.8

 San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA 1.4 2.6 2.6 1.6 3.0 2.9

 Seattle–Tacoma–Olympia, WA CSA 1.9 2.4 2.8 2.8 3.6 3.7

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Note that some of these areas are Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and others are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs).

 For more information on metropolitan area definitions, visit the U.S. Census Bureau's Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical

 Areas page on the Internet at www.census.gov/population/metro/.