For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, April 21, 2022 USDL-22-0675

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS — 2021

The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time 

since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—declined to 4.6 percent in 

2021, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate for all veterans decreased to 

4.4 percent in 2021. In August 2021, 44 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a service-connected 

disability, compared with 27 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of 

about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment, unemployment, and persons not in 

the labor force in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; these monthly 

data are the source of the 2021 annual averages presented in this news release. In August 2021, a 

supplement to the CPS collected additional information about veterans on topics such as serviceconnected disability and veterans' current or past Reserve or National Guard membership. The 

supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of 

Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. For more information, see the Technical Note in 

this news release. 

Highlights from the 2021 data:

• The unemployment rate for all veterans (4.4 percent) was lower than the rate for nonveterans (5.3 

percent) in 2021. (See table A.)

• Unemployment rates for both male and female veterans decreased in 2021. The rate for male 

veterans was 4.4 percent, little different from the rate of 4.2 percent for female veterans. (See table 

A.)

• Unemployment rates declined over the year for veterans of all service periods: Gulf War-era II 

veterans (to 4.6 percent in 2021); Gulf War-era I veterans (3.5 percent); World War II, Korean War, 

and Vietnam era veterans (4.4 percent); and veterans of other service periods (5.0 percent). 

However, these rates remain above their levels in 2019, prior to the onset of the coronavirus 

(COVID-19) pandemic. (See table 1.)

• Unemployment rates for White and Black veterans were lower than for their nonveteran counterparts 

in 2021, while the rates for Asian and Hispanic veterans were not statistically different than their 

nonveteran counterparts. (See table 1.)
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• Among the 386,000 unemployed veterans in 2021, 56 percent were ages 25 to 54, 39 percent were 

age 55 and over, and 5 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

• Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate of veterans with a service-connected 

disability declined to 3.2 percent and the rate for veterans with no disability decreased to 3.6 percent 

in August 2021. (See table 7.)

• Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent 

were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher in 

August 2021 (94.4 percent compared with 63.8 percent). (See table 7.)

• In August 2021, 27 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the 

public sector, compared with 21 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 percent of 

nonveterans. (See table 8.)

• In 2021, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from 1.6 percent in 

Kentucky to 7.6 percent in Washington. (See table 6A.)

The Veteran Population

In 2021, 18.5 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 7 percent of the civilian 

noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, about 1 in 10 were women. In the survey, 

veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed 

Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. Veterans are much more likely to be 

men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In part, this reflects the characteristics of 

veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now 

over 60 years old. Veterans who served during these wartime periods accounted for about 36 percent 

(6.6 million) of the total veteran population in 2021. Forty-two percent of veterans (7.9 million) served 

during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 to present). 

Twenty-two percent (4.1 million) served outside the designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Gulf War-era II Veterans 

In 2021, there were 4.7 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II (September 2001 to 

present). Seventeen percent of these veterans were women, compared with about 4 percent of veterans 

from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Two-thirds of all Gulf War-era II veterans 

were between the ages of 25 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

In 2021, the unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans was 4.6 percent, down considerably from 

the rate in 2020 (7.3 percent) but up from 2019 (3.5 percent), prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among 

Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rates for men and women both declined in 2021 (to 4.6 

percent and 4.9 percent, respectively). These rates were not statistically different from each other. (See 

table A.) 

The unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 4.6 percent, was lower than the rate for 

male nonveterans, at 5.5 percent, in 2021. By age, unemployment rates for male Gulf War-era II 

veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different, with one exception: 45- to 54-year-old male 
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Gulf War-era II veterans had an unemployment rate of 2.6 percent, lower than the rate of 4.2 percent for 

their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 2B.) 

The unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans was 4.9 percent in 2021, not statistically 

different from the rate for female nonveterans (5.1 percent). By age, unemployment rates for female 

Gulf War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were twice as likely to work in the public sector in 2021 as 

employed nonveterans—27 percent versus 13 percent. Among the employed, 15 percent of Gulf Warera II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 

5.) 

In August 2021, 41 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both 

locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 2.6 percent, not statistically different than the 

rate for Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere (3.6 percent). (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

In 2021, of the 3.2 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001), 

the proportion who were women (16 percent) was similar to that for Gulf War-era II veterans (17 

percent). All Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2021, compared with 62 percent of Gulf 

War-era II veterans. Forty-eight percent of Gulf War-era I veterans were ages 45 to 54, 26 percent were 

ages 55 to 64, 15 percent were ages 35 to 44, and 11 percent were age 65 and over. (See tables 1 and 

2A.)

The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans was 3.5 percent in 2021, down by 1.3 percentage 

points from 2020. The jobless rate for Gulf War-era I veterans in 2021 was above its pre-pandemic rate 

of 2.6 percent in 2019. 

In 2021, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era I veterans (3.6 percent) was lower than that of 

their Gulf War-era II counterparts (4.6 percent). The difference in unemployment rates reflects, at least 

in part, the older age profile of veterans who served during Gulf War era I. Younger people—whether 

veterans or nonveterans—tend to have higher unemployment rates than older people. The rate for female 

Gulf War-era I veterans (3.0 percent) was lower than the rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans (4.9 

percent). Among Gulf War-era I veterans, the unemployment rate declined for both men and women in 

2021; the rates for men and women were not statistically different. (See tables 2B and 2C.)

Veterans of Other Service Periods 

In 2021, 4.1 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly between 

the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I. All veterans from 

this period of service were age 45 and over at the time of the survey. Fifty percent of these veterans were 

ages 55 to 64, 42 percent were age 65 and over, and 8 percent were ages 45 to 54. In 2021, 1 in 10 

veterans of other service periods were women. (See table 2A.) 

The jobless rate for veterans of other service periods declined over the year to 5.0 percent in 2021 but 

remains higher than the rate in 2019 (3.0 percent). Among veterans of other service periods, the 

unemployment rate for men (5.1 percent) was not statistically different from the rate for women (4.2 
-4-

percent) in 2021. The jobless rate for male veterans of other service periods declined over the year, 

while the rate for women was little different from the prior year. (See table 1.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2021, 4.9 million veterans, or 27 percent of the total, had a service-connected disability. 

Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the U.S. Department of 

Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments 

of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 7.) 

The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability declined by 2.8 percentage 

points to 3.4 percent in August 2021. The rate for veterans with no disability declined to 4.1 percent and 

was not statistically different from the rate for veterans with a service-connected disability. The 

unemployment rates for male and female veterans with a service-connected disability also declined over 

the year to 3.5 percent and 2.8 percent, respectively, in August 2021. These rates were not statistically 

different from each other. The labor force participation rate for veterans with a service-connected 

disability (49.7 percent) was higher than the rate for veterans with no disability (44.9 percent). 

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 23 percent reported a disability rating of less than 

30 percent, while 47 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2021, veterans with a 

service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force 

than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (56.9 percent versus 43.0 percent). The unemployment 

rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 4.1 percent, little different than the 

rate for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher, at 4.3 percent.

Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 44 percent (2.0 million) reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2021. The labor force participation rate of all Gulf War-era II veterans 

with a service-connected disability was 72.9 percent, lower than the rate for veterans from this period 

with no service-connected disability (84.3 percent). Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment 

rate for those with a service-connected disability was 3.2 percent, not statistically different from those 

with no disability (3.6 percent). 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 15 percent reported a disability 

rating of less than 30 percent and 56 percent reported a disability rating of 60 percent or higher in 

August 2021. Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a disability rating of less than 30 percent were 

much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (94.4 percent 

compared with 63.8 percent). The unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 

percent was 4.9 percent in August 2021, not statistically different than the rate for those with a disability 

rating of 60 percent or higher, at 3.7 percent.

In August 2021, 31 percent (932,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported a serviceconnected disability. Their labor force participation rate (63.3 percent) was lower than the rate for Gulf 

War-era I veterans who did not have a service-connected disability (78.6 percent). The unemployment 

rate for Gulf War-era I veterans with a service-connected disability (2.1 percent) was lower than the rate 

for those without a service-connected disability (4.5 percent).

Fourteen percent (540,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2021. The labor force participation rate of these veterans (35.4 percent) 
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was lower than their counterparts without a service-connected disability (41.2 percent). The 

unemployment rates were not statistically different for veterans with a service-connected disability (8.7 

percent) and those with no disability (5.1 percent).

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public 

sector. In August 2021, 27 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in 

federal, state, or local government, compared with 21 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 

percent of nonveterans. Eighteen percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability 

worked for the federal government, compared with 9 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent 

of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2021, 37 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans were current or past members of the Reserve or 

National Guard. The labor force participation rate was higher for veterans of this period who were 

current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (82.8 percent) than for veterans who had 

never been members (77.1 percent). Among Gulf War-era II veterans, those who were current or past 

members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate (2.0 percent) that was lower than 

the rate for those who had never been members (4.0 percent). (See table 9.)

Adjustments to Veteran Population Estimates

Effective with data for January 2021, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived 

from the Department of Veterans Affairs' new veteran population model. In accordance with usual 

practice, BLS did not revise estimates for previous years. Information about the Veteran Population 

Projection Model (VetPop2018) is available from the Department of Veterans Affairs at 

www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetpop_Model/VP_18_A_Brief_Description.pdf. 

Imputed Data for Veterans Who Served Prior to the Vietnam Era

Due to a programming error in the August 2021 survey instrument, information on the presence and 

severity of a service-connected disability was not obtained for veterans who served in periods prior to 

the Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975). Veterans whose service included the Vietnam era were 

asked the questions, even if they also served in earlier periods. Missing data for individuals whose 

service ended before August 1964 were imputed using information collected in the August 2020 

Veterans Supplement. This imputation had a limited effect on the overall estimates of veterans with a 

service-connected disability because veterans of periods prior to the Vietnam era were a relatively small 

share of total veterans in August 2021. However, the imputations have a larger impact on the presence 

and severity of a service-connected disability for veterans of the WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 

in addition to veterans of the other service periods group. Users should be mindful of the presence of 

imputed data for these categories when they appear on tables 7 and 8 of this news release. The

programming error did not affect any other data series in this news release.
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,

period of service, and sex, 2020-2021 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service

2020 2021

Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 18,466 16,562 1,904 18,506 16,533 1,973

Civilian labor force.................................................. 8,918 7,826 1,093 8,818 7,670 1,148

Participation rate.................................................. 48.3 47.2 57.4 47.7 46.4 58.2

Employed.......................................................... 8,338 7,319 1,019 8,433 7,332 1,100

Employment-population ratio................................. 45.2 44.2 53.5 45.6 44.3 55.8

Unemployed....................................................... 581 507 74 386 337 48

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.5 6.5 6.7 4.4 4.4 4.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 9,548 8,737 811 9,688 8,863 824

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 4,484 3,725 760 4,670 3,858 812

Civilian labor force.................................................. 3,530 3,009 521 3,673 3,113 560

Participation rate.................................................. 78.7 80.8 68.6 78.7 80.7 69.0

Employed.......................................................... 3,271 2,788 483 3,502 2,970 533

Employment-population ratio................................. 72.9 74.8 63.6 75.0 77.0 65.6

Unemployed....................................................... 259 221 38 171 144 27

Unemployment rate............................................ 7.3 7.4 7.2 4.6 4.6 4.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 955 716 239 997 745 252

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 233,099 104,960 128,140 234,176 105,515 128,661

Civilian labor force.................................................. 149,742 76,404 73,338 150,143 76,752 73,391

Participation rate.................................................. 64.2 72.8 57.2 64.1 72.7 57.0

Employed.......................................................... 137,739 70,438 67,301 142,161 72,539 69,622

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.1 67.1 52.5 60.7 68.7 54.1

Unemployed....................................................... 12,003 5,966 6,037 7,982 4,213 3,769

Unemployment rate............................................ 8.0 7.8 8.2 5.3 5.5 5.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 83,357 28,555 54,802 84,033 28,763 55,270

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for January 2021, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department

of Veterans Affairs population model.
Technical Note

The data in this release were collected through 

the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a 

monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau 

of Labor Statistics—obtains information on 

employment and unemployment among the nation's 

civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over.

Most of the data in this release are annual 

averages, compiled from the results of the monthly 

survey. In August, a supplement to the CPS collected 

additional information about veterans on topics such 

as service-connected disability, veterans' Reserve or 

National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq 

and/or Afghanistan. The supplement was cosponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 

and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' 

Employment and Training Service. Questions were 

asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding 

their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are 

tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older.

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.

 

Definitions

The definitions underlying the data in this 

release are as follows:

Veterans are men and women who previously 

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and 

who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. 

Members of the Reserve and National Guard are 

counted as veterans if they had ever been called to 

active duty. Persons who are on active duty at the time 

of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and 

thus not in the estimates shown here, as are persons 

who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and 

prisons.

Nonveterans are men and women who never 

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and 

Gulf War-era veterans are men and women who 

served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods 

of service, regardless of where in the world they 

served. Veterans who served in more than one wartime 

period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans of other service periods are men and 

women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any 

time other than World War II, the Korean War, the 

Vietnam era, or the Gulf War era. Although U.S. 

Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts 

during other service periods, these conflicts were more 

limited in scope and included a smaller proportion of 

the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. 

Veterans who served during one of the selected 

wartime periods and during another period are 

classified in the wartime period.

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the 

question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the 

U.S. Armed Forces?"

Period of service identifies when a veteran 

served in the Armed Forces, but not the location of 

their service. It is obtained from answers to the 

question asked of veterans, "When did you serve on 

active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following 

service periods are identified:

Gulf War era II — September 2001-present

Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001

Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975

Korean War — July 1950-January 1955

World War II — December 1941-December 1946

Other service periods — All other time periods

Veterans could have served anywhere in the 

world during these periods of service. Veterans are 

counted only in one period of service, their most recent 

wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one 

wartime period are classified in the most recent one. 

Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any 

other service period are classified in the wartime 

period. The period-of-service definitions are modified 

occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and 

program needs of the survey sponsors.

Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or 

both are individuals who served in Iraq at any time 

since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since 

October 2001, or in both locations. Service in Iraq or 

Afghanistan is determined by answers to two 

questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, 

or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time since 

March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or 

did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time 

since October 2001?"

Presence of service-connected disability is 

determined by answers to two questions beginning in 

August 2021: "Have you filed a claim for or received 
a rating from the Department of Veterans Affairs or 

the Department of Defense confirming that you have a 

service-connected disability; that is, a health condition 

or impairment caused or made worse by military 

service?” and (asked of those who said yes) “Did you 

receive a VA disability rating?” People who applied 

for and received a service-connected disability rating 

are classified as having a service-connected disability. 

People who applied for but did not receive a serviceconnected disability rating are classified as without a 

service-connected disability.

Service-connected disability rating is based on 

answers to the question, "What is your current VA 

service-connected disability rating?" Answers can 

range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 

percentage points. Ratings are determined by the VA 

or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code 

of Federal Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, 

and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—"Schedule for Rating 

Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide 

in the evaluation of disability resulting from all types 

of diseases and injuries encountered as a result of or 

incident to military service. The percentage ratings 

represent as far as can practicably be determined the 

average impairment in earning capacity resulting from 

such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions 

in civil occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of 

hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 

through 100 percent, with instructions for rating 

multiple disorders.

Reserve and National Guard membership refers 

only to Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past 

members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members 

of the Reserve and National Guard are counted as 

veterans if they had ever been called to active duty. 

These data do not refer to all persons who may have 

ever served in the Reserve or National Guard. 

Beginning in August 2021, Reserve or National Guard 

status is obtained from answers to the question asked 

of veterans, “Have you ever been a member of the 

Reserve or National Guard?” 

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, 

rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is 

a chance that the sample estimates will differ from the 

true population values they represent. The component 

of this difference that occurs because samples differ by 

chance is known as sampling error, and its variability 

is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. BLS 

analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent 

level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

Information about the reliability of national data 

from the CPS and instructions on how to generate 

standard errors are available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

For a discussion of the reliability of state 

estimates from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and 

6B of this release, see www.bls.gov/opub/geographicprofile/home.htm.

Comparability of the estimates

Effective with data for January 2021, estimates 

for veterans incorporate population controls derived 

from a new Department of Veterans Affairs Veteran 

Population Projection Model (VetPop2018). In 

accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise 

estimates for previous years. Information about the 

Veteran Population Projection Model is available from 

the Department of Veterans Affairs at 

www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetp

op_Model/VP_18_A_Brief_Description.pdf.
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2021 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over................................. 252,682 158,961 62.9 150,594 59.6 8,368 5.3 93,721

Veterans................................................. 18,506 8,818 47.7 8,433 45.6 386 4.4 9,688

Gulf War era, total.................................. 7,860 6,012 76.5 5,760 73.3 252 4.2 1,848

Gulf War era II.................................... 4,670 3,673 78.7 3,502 75.0 171 4.6 997

Gulf War era I..................................... 3,190 2,339 73.3 2,257 70.8 81 3.5 851

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 6,587 1,080 16.4 1,033 15.7 48 4.4 5,506

Other service periods............................... 4,059 1,726 42.5 1,640 40.4 86 5.0 2,333

Nonveterans............................................ 234,176 150,143 64.1 142,161 60.7 7,982 5.3 84,033

Men

Total, 18 years and over................................. 122,049 84,422 69.2 79,872 65.4 4,551 5.4 37,626

Veterans................................................. 16,533 7,670 46.4 7,332 44.3 337 4.4 8,863

Gulf War era, total.................................. 6,541 5,104 78.0 4,890 74.8 215 4.2 1,437

Gulf War era II.................................... 3,858 3,113 80.7 2,970 77.0 144 4.6 745

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,683 1,991 74.2 1,920 71.6 71 3.6 692

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 6,341 1,037 16.4 992 15.6 46 4.4 5,304

Other service periods............................... 3,652 1,529 41.9 1,451 39.7 77 5.1 2,123

Nonveterans............................................ 105,515 76,752 72.7 72,539 68.7 4,213 5.5 28,763

Women

Total, 18 years and over................................. 130,633 74,539 57.1 70,722 54.1 3,817 5.1 56,094

Veterans................................................. 1,973 1,148 58.2 1,100 55.8 48 4.2 824

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,319 908 68.8 870 66.0 38 4.1 412

Gulf War era II.................................... 812 560 69.0 533 65.6 27 4.9 252

Gulf War era I..................................... 507 348 68.6 337 66.5 10 3.0 159

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 246 43 17.7 41 16.7 2 5.2 202

Other service periods............................... 408 197 48.3 189 46.3 8 4.2 210

Nonveterans............................................ 128,661 73,391 57.0 69,622 54.1 3,769 5.1 55,270

White

Total, 18 years and over................................. 195,504 122,375 62.6 116,703 59.7 5,672 4.6 73,128

Veterans................................................. 15,127 7,005 46.3 6,712 44.4 293 4.2 8,122

Gulf War era, total.................................. 5,995 4,674 78.0 4,487 74.9 187 4.0 1,320

Gulf War era II.................................... 3,525 2,841 80.6 2,711 76.9 129 4.5 685

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,469 1,834 74.3 1,776 71.9 58 3.2 636

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 5,797 941 16.2 900 15.5 42 4.4 4,855

Other service periods............................... 3,336 1,389 41.6 1,325 39.7 64 4.6 1,946

Nonveterans............................................ 180,377 115,370 64.0 109,991 61.0 5,379 4.7 65,006

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over................................. 32,380 20,281 62.6 18,568 57.3 1,713 8.4 12,099

Veterans................................................. 2,448 1,316 53.7 1,250 51.1 66 5.0 1,133

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,341 955 71.2 910 67.9 45 4.7 386

Gulf War era II.................................... 797 580 72.7 553 69.3 27 4.6 218

Gulf War era I..................................... 544 376 69.0 357 65.7 18 4.8 168

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 549 102 18.5 98 17.9 3 3.2 447

Other service periods............................... 558 259 46.4 241 43.2 18 6.8 299

Nonveterans............................................ 29,932 18,965 63.4 17,318 57.9 1,647 8.7 10,967

Asian

Total, 18 years and over................................. 15,975 10,417 65.2 9,897 62.0 520 5.0 5,557

Veterans................................................. 291 164 56.6 158 54.4 6 3.8 126

Gulf War era, total.................................. 163 128 78.5 123 75.3 5 4.1 35

Gulf War era II.................................... 112 88 78.6 84 74.7 4 4.9 24

Gulf War era I..................................... 51 40 78.4 39 76.7 1 2.2 11
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2021 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 85 15 17.5 15 17.2 0 – 70

Other service periods............................... 42 22 50.7 21 48.7 1 – 21

Nonveterans............................................ 15,684 10,253 65.4 9,739 62.1 514 5.0 5,431

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over................................. 42,701 28,931 67.8 27,008 63.2 1,924 6.6 13,769

Veterans................................................. 1,453 931 64.1 875 60.2 56 6.0 522

Gulf War era, total.................................. 925 747 80.8 707 76.5 40 5.3 178

Gulf War era II.................................... 605 489 80.9 460 76.0 29 6.0 116

Gulf War era I..................................... 320 258 80.6 247 77.3 10 4.1 62

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 295 57 19.3 51 17.3 6 10.6 238

Other service periods............................... 234 127 54.4 117 50.0 10 8.1 107

Nonveterans............................................ 41,247 28,000 67.9 26,133 63.4 1,867 6.7 13,247

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race

groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is

identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where

base is less than 35,000).
Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2021

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,506 8,818 47.7 8,433 45.6 386 4.4 9,688

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 205 75.4 187 68.8 18 8.7 67

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503 1,232 82.0 1,159 77.2 72 5.9 271

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,098 1,761 83.9 1,685 80.3 76 4.3 337

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,559 2,099 82.0 2,031 79.4 69 3.3 459

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,463 2,143 61.9 2,049 59.2 94 4.4 1,320

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,613 1,379 16.0 1,322 15.4 56 4.1 7,234

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,860 6,012 76.5 5,760 73.3 252 4.2 1,848

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 205 75.4 187 68.8 18 8.7 67

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503 1,232 82.0 1,159 77.2 72 5.9 271

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,098 1,761 83.9 1,685 80.3 76 4.3 337

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,218 1,834 82.7 1,776 80.1 58 3.2 384

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,278 861 67.4 836 65.4 25 2.9 417

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 119 24.3 117 23.7 3 2.2 372

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,670 3,673 78.7 3,502 75.0 171 4.6 997

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 205 75.4 187 68.8 18 8.7 67

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503 1,232 82.0 1,159 77.2 72 5.9 271

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,605 1,343 83.6 1,289 80.3 54 4.0 263

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 556 80.0 540 77.8 16 2.8 139

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 305 66.7 295 64.6 10 3.2 152

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 34 24.1 32 23.0 2 – 106

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,190 2,339 73.3 2,257 70.8 81 3.5 851

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 418 84.9 396 80.4 22 5.3 74

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,524 1,278 83.9 1,236 81.1 42 3.3 245

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 557 67.7 541 65.8 15 2.8 265

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 86 24.3 85 24.0 1 1.3 266

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,587 1,080 16.4 1,033 15.7 48 4.4 5,506

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 66 41.8 62 39.3 4 5.8 91

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,430 1,015 15.8 971 15.1 44 4.3 5,415

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,059 1,726 42.5 1,640 40.4 86 5.0 2,333

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 265 77.9 255 74.8 10 3.9 75

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,027 1,216 60.0 1,151 56.8 65 5.4 811

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,691 245 14.5 235 13.9 10 4.0 1,447

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234,176 150,143 64.1 142,161 60.7 7,982 5.3 84,033

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,227 18,240 64.6 16,501 58.5 1,739 9.5 9,987

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,248 35,438 81.9 33,419 77.3 2,019 5.7 7,810

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,745 32,559 81.9 31,050 78.1 1,510 4.6 7,185

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,956 29,778 80.6 28,523 77.2 1,255 4.2 7,178

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,425 24,910 64.8 23,863 62.1 1,046 4.2 13,516

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,574 9,217 19.4 8,805 18.5 412 4.5 38,357

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2021

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,533 7,670 46.4 7,332 44.3 337 4.4 8,863

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 163 79.1 150 72.5 14 8.3 43

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,219 1,030 84.4 966 79.3 63 6.1 190

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,698 1,458 85.9 1,394 82.1 64 4.4 240

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,190 1,827 83.4 1,767 80.7 59 3.3 363

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,011 1,881 62.5 1,797 59.7 84 4.5 1,130

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,208 1,311 16.0 1,258 15.3 53 4.1 6,897

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,541 5,104 78.0 4,890 74.8 215 4.2 1,437

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 163 79.1 150 72.5 14 8.3 43

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,219 1,030 84.4 966 79.3 63 6.1 190

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,698 1,458 85.9 1,394 82.1 64 4.4 240

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,909 1,605 84.1 1,555 81.4 50 3.1 304

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,070 739 69.1 718 67.1 21 2.8 331

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 109 25.0 107 24.4 3 2.4 329

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,858 3,113 80.7 2,970 77.0 144 4.6 745

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 163 79.1 150 72.5 14 8.3 43

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,219 1,030 84.4 966 79.3 63 6.1 190

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,309 1,117 85.3 1,074 82.0 44 3.9 192

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 495 82.9 482 80.8 13 2.6 102

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 277 68.9 268 66.7 9 3.2 125

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 31 25.0 29 23.8 2 – 93

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,683 1,991 74.2 1,920 71.6 71 3.6 692

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 341 87.6 321 82.4 20 5.9 48

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,312 1,110 84.6 1,072 81.7 38 3.4 202

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 462 69.2 450 67.4 12 2.6 206

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 78 25.0 77 24.6 1 1.4 236

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,341 1,037 16.4 992 15.6 46 4.4 5,304

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 62 41.0 58 38.5 4 6.2 89

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,190 975 15.8 933 15.1 42 4.3 5,215

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,652 1,529 41.9 1,451 39.7 77 5.1 2,123

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 222 79.0 213 75.8 9 4.1 59

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,790 1,080 60.3 1,021 57.0 60 5.5 710

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,581 227 14.3 218 13.8 9 3.9 1,354

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,515 76,752 72.7 72,539 68.7 4,213 5.5 28,763

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,053 9,320 66.3 8,347 59.4 973 10.4 4,733

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,139 18,580 87.9 17,476 82.7 1,103 5.9 2,559

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,934 17,033 90.0 16,245 85.8 789 4.6 1,901

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,122 14,890 87.0 14,263 83.3 626 4.2 2,233

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,185 12,339 71.8 11,817 68.8 522 4.2 4,847

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,081 4,591 26.9 4,391 25.7 200 4.4 12,490

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2021

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,973 1,148 58.2 1,100 55.8 48 4.2 824

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 41 63.6 37 57.1 4 10.3 24

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 202 71.4 193 68.2 9 4.5 81

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 303 75.7 290 72.7 12 4.1 97

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 273 73.9 263 71.5 9 3.4 96

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 262 57.9 252 55.7 10 3.8 190

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 68 16.8 65 15.9 3 4.9 337

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,319 908 68.8 870 66.0 38 4.1 412

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 41 63.6 37 57.1 4 10.3 24

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 202 71.4 193 68.2 9 4.5 81

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 303 75.7 290 72.7 12 4.1 97

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 229 74.2 222 71.7 8 3.4 80

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 122 58.6 118 56.5 4 3.5 87

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 10 18.5 10 18.5 0 – 44

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812 560 69.0 533 65.6 27 4.9 252

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 41 63.6 37 57.1 4 10.3 24

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 202 71.4 193 68.2 9 4.5 81

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 225 76.0 215 72.6 10 4.5 71

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 61 62.3 58 59.3 3 4.8 37

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 28 51.0 27 49.3 1 – 27

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3 – 3 – 0 – 13

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 348 68.6 337 66.5 10 3.0 159

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 77 74.9 75 72.7 2 2.9 26

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 169 79.7 164 77.4 5 2.9 43

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 94 61.2 91 59.1 3 3.5 60

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7 19.2 7 19.2 0 – 31

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 43 17.7 41 16.7 2 5.2 202

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 – 3 – 0 – 2

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 40 16.6 38 15.7 2 5.7 200

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 197 48.3 189 46.3 8 4.2 210

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 43 72.6 42 70.2 1 3.3 16

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 136 57.3 130 54.8 6 4.3 101

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 18 16.3 17 15.3 1 – 93

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,661 73,391 57.0 69,622 54.1 3,769 5.1 55,270

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,174 8,920 62.9 8,154 57.5 766 8.6 5,254

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,109 16,858 76.2 15,942 72.1 916 5.4 5,251

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,811 15,526 74.6 14,805 71.1 721 4.6 5,284

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,834 14,889 75.1 14,260 71.9 629 4.2 4,945

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,240 12,571 59.2 12,046 56.7 525 4.2 8,669

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,493 4,626 15.2 4,414 14.5 212 4.6 25,867

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational

attainment, 2021 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status,

period of service, and educational attainment

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 18,235 8,614 47.2 8,246 45.2 368 4.3 9,621

Less than a high school diploma.................... 603 115 19.0 102 16.9 13 11.0 488

High school graduates, no college.................. 5,107 2,128 41.7 2,031 39.8 97 4.6 2,979

Some college or associate degree.................. 6,342 3,122 49.2 2,975 46.9 147 4.7 3,220

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 6,183 3,249 52.6 3,138 50.8 112 3.4 2,933

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over................................. 7,589 5,807 76.5 5,573 73.4 234 4.0 1,781

Less than a high school diploma.................... 73 47 64.3 42 57.7 5 10.3 26

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,674 1,274 76.1 1,214 72.5 60 4.7 400

Some college or associate degree.................. 2,878 2,136 74.2 2,041 70.9 95 4.4 742

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 2,963 2,351 79.3 2,276 76.8 75 3.2 613

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over................................. 4,398 3,469 78.9 3,316 75.4 153 4.4 930

Less than a high school diploma.................... 40 27 68.1 24 59.3 4 – 13

High school graduates, no college.................. 905 709 78.3 676 74.7 33 4.6 196

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,684 1,285 76.3 1,223 72.6 62 4.9 399

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,769 1,447 81.8 1,393 78.7 54 3.8 322

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over................................. 3,190 2,339 73.3 2,257 70.8 81 3.5 851

Less than a high school diploma.................... 33 20 – 19 – 1 – 13

High school graduates, no college.................. 769 565 73.5 538 69.9 28 4.9 204

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,194 850 71.2 818 68.5 32 3.8 343

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,194 903 75.6 883 73.9 20 2.2 291

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over................................. 6,587 1,080 16.4 1,033 15.7 48 4.4 5,506

Less than a high school diploma.................... 358 31 8.5 28 7.7 3 – 328

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,982 273 13.8 263 13.2 10 3.8 1,709

Some college or associate degree.................. 2,116 368 17.4 347 16.4 20 5.5 1,748

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 2,131 409 19.2 395 18.5 14 3.5 1,721

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over................................. 4,059 1,726 42.5 1,640 40.4 86 5.0 2,333

Less than a high school diploma.................... 172 37 21.6 32 18.8 5 13.1 135

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,451 581 40.0 555 38.2 26 4.5 870

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,348 618 45.9 587 43.5 32 5.1 730

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,089 490 45.0 467 42.9 23 4.6 599

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 205,949 131,903 64.0 125,660 61.0 6,243 4.7 74,046

Less than a high school diploma.................... 19,269 8,804 45.7 8,079 41.9 725 8.2 10,465

High school graduates, no college.................. 58,011 32,804 56.5 30,733 53.0 2,071 6.3 25,206

Some college or associate degree.................. 50,556 32,741 64.8 31,047 61.4 1,694 5.2 17,815

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 78,114 57,554 73.7 55,801 71.4 1,753 3.0 20,560

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2021

annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 8,433 5,760 3,502 2,257 1,033 1,640 142,161

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 41.7 43.0 41.7 45.0 41.2 37.2 43.0

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 20.2 20.3 19.1 22.3 23.4 17.5 18.4

Professional and related occupations...................................... 21.5 22.7 22.7 22.7 17.7 19.7 24.6

Service occupations............................................................ 12.5 13.1 14.5 10.9 11.7 11.0 15.7

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 15.2 14.8 14.8 14.7 17.7 15.1 19.9

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 7.8 7.0 6.6 7.8 13.1 7.4 9.3

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 7.4 7.8 8.3 7.0 4.7 7.7 10.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 13.2 12.9 13.5 12.0 11.9 15.0 9.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.5 0.7

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.9 6.2 5.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 7.1 7.2 7.8 6.2 4.9 8.2 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 17.5 16.2 15.5 17.4 17.5 21.7 12.4

Production occupations...................................................... 6.7 6.7 6.3 7.2 4.5 8.4 5.2

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 10.7 9.6 9.1 10.2 13.0 13.3 7.2

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 7,332 4,890 2,970 1,920 992 1,451 72,539

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 39.8 40.8 39.4 42.8 40.8 36.1 38.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 20.3 20.4 19.0 22.7 23.7 17.5 18.9

Professional and related occupations...................................... 19.5 20.3 20.5 20.1 17.1 18.6 19.8

Service occupations............................................................ 12.5 13.3 14.9 10.9 11.4 10.2 12.4

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 13.8 13.1 13.2 13.0 17.8 13.3 14.3

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 7.8 6.8 6.4 7.5 13.4 7.3 9.0

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 6.0 6.3 6.9 5.5 4.4 5.9 5.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 14.8 14.8 15.3 14.0 12.4 16.6 16.5

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.5 1.0

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.1 7.0 9.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 8.0 8.3 8.9 7.3 5.1 9.1 5.6

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 19.1 18.0 17.1 19.3 17.7 23.8 18.0

Production occupations...................................................... 7.2 7.3 6.9 7.8 4.6 9.0 7.1

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 11.9 10.7 10.3 11.4 13.1 14.8 10.9

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 1,100 870 533 337 41 189 69,622

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 53.8 55.8 54.5 57.7 51.3 45.4 47.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 19.4 19.8 19.5 20.3 17.2 17.7 17.8

Professional and related occupations...................................... 34.5 36.0 35.1 37.3 34.0 27.7 29.5

Service occupations............................................................ 12.8 11.6 12.4 10.4 18.6 17.2 19.3

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 24.5 24.0 23.6 24.6 17.3 28.7 25.7

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 8.1 8.3 7.6 9.4 4.9 7.7 9.7

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 16.4 15.7 16.0 15.2 12.3 21.0 16.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 2.3 2.2 3.3 0.7 0.0 2.7 1.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.4

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 1.3 1.2 1.9 0.1 0.0 1.7 0.3
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2021

annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.7 12.9 5.9 6.6

Production occupations...................................................... 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 4.0 3.1

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.2 9.3 2.0 3.4

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2021 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 8,433 5,760 3,502 2,257 1,033 1,640 142,161

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1

................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 6.7 1.4 1.5

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.0 0.8 1.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.1 4.6 0.7 0.5

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.4 99.2 99.2 99.3 93.3 98.6 98.5

Wage and salary workers2............................... 92.5 94.9 95.7 93.7 80.7 91.4 92.4

Private industries....................................... 69.6 69.3 68.8 70.0 67.6 71.8 79.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.4

Construction.......................................... 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.8 6.9 6.0

Manufacturing........................................ 12.1 12.2 11.2 13.7 8.5 14.3 9.3

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3 3.1 2.2

Retail trade........................................... 7.9 7.4 7.2 7.8 10.7 7.9 10.0

Transportation and utilities.......................... 8.0 7.9 8.0 7.8 6.7 9.2 4.7

Information............................................ 1.8 1.9 1.5 2.5 1.4 1.6 1.6

Financial activities................................... 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4 5.7 4.0 6.5

Professional and business services............... 10.4 10.7 11.2 10.0 11.5 8.6 11.1

Education and health services..................... 9.2 9.4 9.7 8.9 7.9 9.4 15.9

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.1 3.2 3.7 2.6 3.2 2.7 7.2

Other services........................................ 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.7 3.6 4.0

Government............................................. 22.9 25.6 26.9 23.7 13.2 19.6 13.3

Federal................................................ 11.3 13.5 15.1 11.0 3.9 8.2 2.1

State................................................... 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.7 3.8 4.4 4.6

Local................................................... 7.2 7.6 7.4 8.0 5.5 7.0 6.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 5.9 4.3 3.5 5.6 12.5 7.1 6.1

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 7,332 4,890 2,970 1,920 992 1,451 72,539

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 6.9 1.4 2.1

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.1 0.8 1.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.1 4.7 0.6 0.6

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.3 99.3 99.3 99.3 93.1 98.6 97.9

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 92.3 95.0 95.8 93.8 80.4 91.2 91.1

Private industries....................................... 70.5 70.5 69.5 72.1 67.4 72.6 81.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.6

Construction.......................................... 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 5.9 7.6 10.3

Manufacturing........................................ 13.1 13.2 12.1 14.9 8.7 15.6 12.6

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.4 3.3 2.9

Retail trade........................................... 8.0 7.5 7.3 7.7 10.8 7.9 9.8

Transportation and utilities.......................... 9.0 9.1 9.1 9.0 6.8 10.3 6.9

Information............................................ 1.9 2.0 1.6 2.7 1.4 1.7 1.9

Financial activities................................... 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.7 5.8 3.6 5.8

Professional and business services............... 10.6 11.0 11.2 10.8 11.5 8.6 12.2

Education and health services..................... 7.0 6.8 7.1 6.4 6.8 7.7 7.3

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.1 3.3 3.6 2.7 3.3 2.4 6.8

Other services........................................ 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.7 3.8 3.5 3.8

Government............................................. 21.8 24.5 26.4 21.7 13.0 18.6 10.1

Federal................................................ 10.6 12.9 15.0 9.6 3.8 7.5 2.0

State................................................... 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4 3.8 4.2 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2021 annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Local................................................... 7.0 7.4 7.2 7.7 5.3 6.9 4.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 6.0 4.2 3.4 5.5 12.7 7.4 6.8

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 1,100 870 533 337 41 189 69,622

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.6 2.8 1.9 0.9

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.3 2.3 0.9 0.3

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.8 99.0 98.8 99.4 97.2 98.1 99.1

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 93.9 94.2 94.7 93.5 89.8 93.3 93.7

Private industries....................................... 63.4 62.4 65.0 58.4 70.8 66.1 77.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.1

Construction.......................................... 1.9 1.8 1.5 2.2 2.8 2.1 1.5

Manufacturing........................................ 5.8 6.3 6.0 6.8 2.0 4.2 5.9

Wholesale trade...................................... 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.8 1.5 1.4

Retail trade........................................... 7.3 7.2 6.6 8.1 7.8 7.9 10.3

Transportation and utilities.......................... 1.5 1.3 1.7 0.8 5.4 1.4 2.5

Information............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.5 1.0 1.2

Financial activities................................... 4.9 4.6 5.5 3.1 4.7 6.8 7.3

Professional and business services............... 9.1 9.0 10.9 5.9 11.4 9.1 10.0

Education and health services..................... 24.0 23.8 24.1 23.3 33.3 22.9 24.9

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.4 3.1 3.8 1.9 1.8 5.1 7.7

Other services........................................ 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.7 0.2 3.9 4.3

Government............................................. 30.5 31.8 29.7 35.1 19.0 27.2 16.5

Federal................................................ 15.8 16.8 15.6 18.6 6.8 13.6 2.2

State................................................... 5.9 6.0 5.5 6.8 3.8 5.8 6.0

Local................................................... 8.8 9.0 8.5 9.7 8.3 7.8 8.3

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 4.9 4.8 4.1 5.9 7.4 4.9 5.4

1 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2

Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2021 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,506 8,818 47.7 8,433 45.6 386 4.4 9,688

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 179 49.9 176 48.8 4 2.1 180

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 35 58.9 33 55.9 2 5.2 25

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 240 47.7 230 45.8 10 4.0 263

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 83 38.5 80 36.9 3 4.1 132

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,357 625 46.1 585 43.1 40 6.4 732

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 216 56.2 204 53.1 12 5.4 168

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 69 47.6 68 46.5 2 2.3 76

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 31 42.9 29 40.2 2 6.3 41

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 17 63.1 16 60.5 1 4.2 10

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396 611 43.8 586 42.0 25 4.0 785

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 314 50.8 301 48.8 13 4.0 304

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 42 46.7 41 45.0 2 3.8 48

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 55 46.6 53 44.9 2 3.8 64

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 216 40.7 206 38.8 11 4.9 315

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 201 48.9 195 47.5 6 2.9 210

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 104 50.4 99 47.9 5 5.0 102

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 91 51.9 87 49.8 4 4.1 84

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 123 46.2 121 45.4 2 1.6 143

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 126 49.1 120 46.6 6 5.1 131

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 43 39.0 42 38.0 1 2.6 67

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 241 59.9 236 58.6 5 2.2 161

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 136 47.8 128 44.7 9 6.4 149

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 217 39.4 208 37.7 9 4.2 334

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 147 48.5 144 47.3 4 2.4 157

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 81 45.1 79 43.9 2 2.6 98

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 164 43.2 155 40.8 9 5.5 217

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 49 50.0 48 48.4 2 3.1 49

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 78 55.9 76 54.5 2 2.4 61

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 109 45.8 101 42.4 8 7.4 129

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 44 43.9 43 42.4 1 3.4 56

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 132 43.4 125 41.1 7 5.4 172

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 75 44.7 70 41.6 5 6.8 93

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656 254 38.7 240 36.6 14 5.4 402

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732 338 46.2 329 44.9 9 2.8 394

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 24 53.0 23 50.8 1 4.1 21

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 352 48.8 338 47.0 14 3.9 368

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 116 43.6 111 41.6 5 4.7 150

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 150 46.1 145 44.6 5 3.3 175

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728 293 40.2 277 38.0 16 5.6 435

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 29 47.2 27 43.9 2 7.0 32

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 201 48.7 194 47.0 7 3.5 211

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 33 56.1 33 54.8 1 – 26

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 225 47.4 218 46.0 7 3.0 249

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,673 937 56.0 886 53.0 50 5.4 736

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 66 49.8 63 48.2 2 – 66

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 15 43.3 14 41.5 1 4.2 20

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703 412 58.6 402 57.1 10 2.5 291

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 250 48.3 231 44.6 19 7.6 268

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 64 46.6 62 45.0 2 3.4 73

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 140 42.7 135 41.1 5 – 188

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 25 49.2 24 46.3 1 5.8 26

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Dash indicates no data or

data that do not meet publication criteria.
Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2021 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234,176 150,143 64.1 142,161 60.7 7,982 5.3 84,033

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,411 2,007 58.8 1,933 56.7 75 3.7 1,404

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 314 67.0 293 62.4 22 6.9 155

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,314 3,402 64.0 3,229 60.8 173 5.1 1,912

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,082 1,253 60.2 1,202 57.7 50 4.0 829

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,621 18,149 63.4 16,851 58.9 1,298 7.2 10,472

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,128 2,899 70.2 2,757 66.8 142 4.9 1,229

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,626 1,738 66.2 1,626 61.9 112 6.5 888

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 453 64.1 428 60.6 25 5.4 254

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 386 71.0 363 66.6 24 6.1 158

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,972 9,723 60.9 9,283 58.1 440 4.5 6,249

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,478 4,819 64.4 4,630 61.9 189 3.9 2,659

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951 597 62.8 560 58.9 37 6.2 353

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,279 840 65.6 809 63.2 31 3.7 440

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,035 5,962 66.0 5,614 62.1 349 5.8 3,073

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,691 3,039 64.8 2,925 62.3 114 3.8 1,653

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,217 1,549 69.9 1,492 67.3 57 3.6 668

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,987 1,370 68.9 1,326 66.7 43 3.2 617

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,116 1,856 59.6 1,767 56.7 89 4.8 1,260

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,187 1,913 60.0 1,810 56.8 103 5.4 1,274

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989 626 63.3 597 60.4 28 4.5 363

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,246 2,863 67.4 2,700 63.6 163 5.7 1,383

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,160 3,472 67.3 3,274 63.4 198 5.7 1,689

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,158 4,396 61.4 4,148 57.9 248 5.6 2,763

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,981 2,792 70.1 2,685 67.5 107 3.8 1,189

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,031 1,160 57.1 1,095 53.9 65 5.6 871

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,310 2,833 65.7 2,718 63.0 116 4.1 1,477

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751 492 65.5 476 63.4 16 3.2 259

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,308 950 72.6 925 70.7 25 2.7 358

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,209 1,400 63.4 1,291 58.4 109 7.8 810

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002 673 67.2 648 64.7 25 3.7 329

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,511 4,246 65.2 3,983 61.2 263 6.2 2,265

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,443 854 59.2 797 55.2 57 6.7 589

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,250 8,781 61.6 8,169 57.3 612 7.0 5,469

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,484 4,628 61.8 4,416 59.0 213 4.6 2,856

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 371 70.9 359 68.6 12 3.2 152

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,245 5,233 63.5 4,975 60.3 258 4.9 3,012

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,695 1,713 63.6 1,646 61.1 67 3.9 981

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,046 1,988 65.3 1,883 61.8 105 5.3 1,058

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,211 5,878 63.8 5,495 59.7 383 6.5 3,333

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 513 65.9 486 62.4 27 5.3 265

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,675 2,171 59.1 2,084 56.7 87 4.0 1,503

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 431 71.6 420 69.8 11 2.6 171

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,860 3,042 62.6 2,921 60.1 121 4.0 1,818

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,088 13,197 65.7 12,449 62.0 748 5.7 6,892

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,200 1,546 70.3 1,503 68.3 43 2.8 654

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 301 64.4 290 62.1 11 3.6 166

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,856 3,847 65.7 3,695 63.1 152 3.9 2,009

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,433 3,621 66.7 3,431 63.1 191 5.3 1,812

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,265 713 56.3 678 53.6 34 4.8 552

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,191 2,879 68.7 2,775 66.2 104 3.6 1,311

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 264 67.1 253 64.2 12 4.4 130

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2021, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

TOTAL

VETERANS

Total 18,037 8,391 46.5 8,083 44.8 309 3.7 9,646

With service-connected disability 4,873 2,423 49.7 2,340 48.0 83 3.4 2,450

Less than 30 percent disability rating 1,133 644 56.9 618 54.5 27 4.1 489

30 to 50 percent disability rating 1,014 596 58.7 586 57.8 9 1.5 419

60 percent or higher disability rating 2,281 981 43.0 939 41.2 42 4.3 1,300

Disability rating not reported 444 201 45.4 197 44.4 4 2.2 242

Without service-connected disability 12,253 5,498 44.9 5,272 43.0 226 4.1 6,755

Presence of disability not reported 911 471 51.7 471 51.7 - - 440

Gulf War era, total

Total 7,711 5,915 76.7 5,717 74.1 199 3.4 1,796

With service-connected disability 2,971 2,076 69.9 2,016 67.9 60 2.9 895

Less than 30 percent disability rating 551 478 86.8 464 84.1 15 3.0 73

30 to 50 percent disability rating 678 535 78.8 527 77.7 8 1.5 143

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,485 889 59.9 856 57.6 33 3.7 596

Disability rating not reported 256 174 68.0 170 66.3 4 2.6 82

Without service-connected disability 4,272 3,493 81.8 3,354 78.5 139 4.0 779

Presence of disability not reported 469 346 73.9 346 73.9 - - 122

Gulf War era II

Total 4,682 3,707 79.2 3,589 76.7 118 3.2 975

With service-connected disability 2,039 1,486 72.9 1,438 70.5 47 3.2 553

Less than 30 percent disability rating 300 284 94.4 270 89.8 14 4.9 17

30 to 50 percent disability rating 439 362 82.5 355 80.9 7 1.9 77

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,135 724 63.8 697 61.4 27 3.7 411

Disability rating not reported 165 116 70.6 116 70.6 - - 49

Without service-connected disability 2,354 1,985 84.3 1,914 81.3 71 3.6 369

Presence of disability not reported 290 236 81.6 236 81.6 - - 53

Gulf War era I

Total 3,029 2,208 72.9 2,128 70.2 81 3.6 821

With service-connected disability 932 590 63.3 578 62.0 12 2.1 342

Less than 30 percent disability rating 251 194 77.6 194 77.3 1 0.3 56

30 to 50 percent disability rating 239 173 72.2 172 71.7 1 0.6 67

60 percent or higher disability rating 351 165 47.1 159 45.3 6 3.8 185

Disability rating not reported 92 58 63.4 54 58.5 4 - 34

Without service-connected disability 1,918 1,508 78.6 1,440 75.1 68 4.5 410

Presence of disability not reported 179 110 61.3 110 61.3 - - 69

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 6,391 876 13.7 850 13.3 26 3.0 5,515

With service-connected disability 1,362 155 11.4 149 11.0 6 3.9 1,206

Less than 30 percent disability rating 445 87 19.5 81 18.2 6 7.0 358

30 to 50 percent disability rating 215 18 8.5 18 8.5 - - 197

60 percent or higher disability rating 594 41 6.9 41 6.9 - - 553

Disability rating not reported 107 9 8.4 9 8.4 - - 98

Without service-connected disability 4,772 682 14.3 662 13.9 20 2.9 4,090

Presence of disability not reported 258 39 15.1 39 15.1 - - 219

Other service periods

Total 3,935 1,600 40.7 1,516 38.5 84 5.2 2,335

With service-connected disability 540 191 35.4 175 32.3 17 8.7 349

Less than 30 percent disability rating 137 79 58.0 73 53.6 6 7.7 57

30 to 50 percent disability rating 121 42 35.2 42 34.4 1 - 78

60 percent or higher disability rating 202 51 25.4 42 20.7 10 - 151

Disability rating not reported 81 18 22.5 18 22.5 - - 63

Without service-connected disability 3,210 1,323 41.2 1,256 39.1 67 5.1 1,887

Presence of disability not reported 185 86 46.5 86 46.5 - - 99

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2021, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

MEN

VETERANS

Total 16,119 7,294 45.3 7,015 43.5 279 3.8 8,825

With service-connected disability 4,331 2,105 48.6 2,031 46.9 74 3.5 2,226

Less than 30 percent disability rating 1,019 552 54.1 525 51.5 27 4.8 468

30 to 50 percent disability rating 933 541 58.0 532 57.1 9 1.7 392

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,977 836 42.3 803 40.6 33 4.0 1,141

Disability rating not reported 402 175 43.6 171 42.5 4 2.6 227

Without service-connected disability 11,031 4,808 43.6 4,603 41.7 205 4.3 6,223

Presence of disability not reported 757 382 50.4 382 50.4 - - 376

Gulf War era, total

Total 6,412 5,027 78.4 4,848 75.6 178 3.5 1,385

With service-connected disability 2,515 1,786 71.0 1,734 69.0 52 2.9 729

Less than 30 percent disability rating 460 402 87.4 388 84.3 15 3.6 58

30 to 50 percent disability rating 606 486 80.2 478 78.9 8 1.7 120

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,226 750 61.1 725 59.1 25 3.3 476

Disability rating not reported 223 148 66.4 143 64.4 4 3.0 75

Without service-connected disability 3,534 2,965 83.9 2,838 80.3 126 4.3 570

Presence of disability not reported 363 276 75.9 276 75.9 - - 87

Gulf War era II

Total 3,907 3,143 80.4 3,040 77.8 103 3.3 764

With service-connected disability 1,706 1,267 74.3 1,228 72.0 39 3.1 439

Less than 30 percent disability rating 240 229 95.2 215 89.4 14 6.1 11

30 to 50 percent disability rating 406 346 85.2 339 83.5 7 2.0 60

60 percent or higher disability rating 927 601 64.8 582 62.8 18 3.1 326

Disability rating not reported 134 92 69.0 92 69.0 - - 41

Without service-connected disability 1,949 1,675 85.9 1,611 82.6 64 3.8 275

Presence of disability not reported 251 201 79.9 201 79.9 - - 51

Gulf War era I

Total 2,505 1,884 75.2 1,808 72.2 75 4.0 622

With service-connected disability 808 518 64.1 506 62.6 12 2.4 290

Less than 30 percent disability rating 220 173 78.9 173 78.7 1 0.3 46

30 to 50 percent disability rating 200 141 70.1 139 69.6 1 0.8 60

60 percent or higher disability rating 299 149 49.8 143 47.7 6 4.2 150

Disability rating not reported 89 56 62.5 51 57.5 4 - 34

Without service-connected disability 1,585 1,290 81.4 1,227 77.4 63 4.9 295

Presence of disability not reported 112 75 67.1 75 67.1 - - 37

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 6,166 839 13.6 813 13.2 26 3.1 5,327

With service-connected disability 1,340 153 11.4 147 11.0 6 4.0 1,187

Less than 30 percent disability rating 441 87 19.7 81 18.3 6 7.0 354

30 to 50 percent disability rating 214 16 7.7 16 7.7 - - 197

60 percent or higher disability rating 586 41 6.9 41 6.9 - - 546

Disability rating not reported 99 9 9.0 9 9.0 - - 90

Without service-connected disability 4,584 654 14.3 634 13.8 20 3.1 3,930

Presence of disability not reported 242 32 13.3 32 13.3 - - 210

Other service periods

Total 3,541 1,429 40.3 1,354 38.2 75 5.2 2,112

With service-connected disability 476 166 34.8 150 31.5 16 9.6 311

Less than 30 percent disability rating 118 63 52.9 57 47.8 6 - 56

30 to 50 percent disability rating 113 38 34.0 38 33.2 1 - 75

60 percent or higher disability rating 165 46 28.1 38 22.8 9 - 119

Disability rating not reported 80 18 22.9 18 22.9 - - 61

Without service-connected disability 2,912 1,189 40.8 1,130 38.8 59 4.9 1,723

Presence of disability not reported 153 74 48.4 74 48.4 - - 79

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2021, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

WOMEN

VETERANS

Total 1,918 1,097 57.2 1,068 55.7 30 2.7 821

With service-connected disability 542 318 58.7 309 57.0 9 2.8 224

Less than 30 percent disability rating 114 92 81.3 92 81.3 - - 21

30 to 50 percent disability rating 82 54 66.5 54 66.5 - - 27

60 percent or higher disability rating 304 145 47.6 136 44.7 9 6.1 159

Disability rating not reported 42 26 - 26 - - - 16

Without service-connected disability 1,223 690 56.5 669 54.7 21 3.0 532

Presence of disability not reported 153 89 58.1 89 58.1 - - 64

Gulf War era, total

Total 1,299 889 68.4 868 66.8 20 2.3 410

With service-connected disability 456 290 63.6 282 61.8 8 2.8 166

Without service-connected disability 737 528 71.6 516 70.0 12 2.3 209

Presence of disability not reported 106 70 66.7 70 66.7 - - 35

Gulf War era II

Total 776 564 72.8 549 70.8 15 2.7 211

With service-connected disability 332 218 65.6 210 63.2 8 3.7 114

Without service-connected disability 405 310 76.7 303 75.0 7 2.3 94

Presence of disability not reported 38 36 - 36 - - - 3

Gulf War era I

Total 523 324 62.0 319 61.0 5 1.6 199

With service-connected disability 124 72 58.2 72 58.2 - - 52

Without service-connected disability 332 218 65.5 212 63.9 5 2.4 115

Presence of disability not reported 67 35 - 35 - - - 33

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 225 37 16.4 37 16.4 - - 188

With service-connected disability 22 2 - 2 - - - 19

Without service-connected disability 187 28 14.8 28 14.8 - - 159

Presence of disability not reported 16 7 - 7 - - - 9

Other service periods

Total 394 172 43.6 163 41.3 9 5.4 222

With service-connected disability 64 26 - 25 - 1 - 38

Without service-connected disability 298 134 45.1 126 42.2 9 6.3 164

Presence of disability not reported 32 12 - 12 - - - 20

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and

other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served

in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The

associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal

Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Information on the presence and severity of a service-connected

disability was not collected for veterans whose service ended before the Vietnam era. Estimates for these missing responses were imputed. This affects

data for the WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era group and the other service periods group. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication

criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,

and class of worker, August 2021, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of

disability, and period of service

Total

Employed

(thousands)

Percent distribution by class of worker

Total

Agriculture

and

related

industries

Nonagricultural industries

Total

Wage and salary workers1

Private

sector

Government

Total Federal State and

local

Selfemployed,

unincorporated, and

unpaid

family

workers

Veterans, total2 8,083 100.0 1.8 98.2 70.2 22.5 11.9 10.6 5.5

With service-connected disability 2,340 100.0 2.1 97.9 68.1 26.7 17.8 8.9 3.2

Without service-connected disability 5,272 100.0 1.9 98.1 70.9 20.5 9.3 11.3 6.7

Gulf War era, total2 5,717 100.0 1.1 98.9 69.5 25.3 13.9 11.4 4.0

With service-connected disability 2,016 100.0 1.5 98.5 69.0 27.2 18.5 8.7 2.3

Without service-connected disability 3,354 100.0 1.0 99.0 70.2 23.6 10.9 12.7 5.2

Gulf War era II2 3,589 100.0 1.4 98.6 67.5 27.8 15.9 11.8 3.4

With service-connected disability 1,438 100.0 2.1 97.9 69.8 26.5 18.5 8.0 1.7

Without service-connected disability 1,914 100.0 1.0 99.0 66.1 27.9 13.9 13.9 5.0

Gulf War era I2 2,128 100.0 0.7 99.3 73.0 21.1 10.4 10.7 5.2

With service-connected disability 578 100.0 - 100.0 67.0 29.0 18.6 10.4 4.0

Without service-connected disability 1,440 100.0 1.0 99.0 75.7 17.8 6.9 10.9 5.5

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era2 850 100.0 7.6 92.4 66.6 13.2 4.2 8.9 12.7

With service-connected disability 149 100.0 11.6 88.4 59.1 20.7 9.4 11.3 8.5

Without service-connected disability 662 100.0 7.1 92.9 66.3 12.2 3.3 8.9 14.4

Other service periods2 1,516 100.0 1.2 98.8 74.7 17.3 8.8 8.5 6.8

With service-connected disability 175 100.0 0.2 99.8 65.2 26.6 17.5 9.1 8.0

Without service-connected disability 1,256 100.0 1.4 98.6 75.4 16.8 8.0 8.8 6.4

Nonveterans 142,865 100.0 1.6 98.4 79.1 13.0 2.2 10.8 6.4

 1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

 2 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-

January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a

health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is

determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this

release. Information on the presence and severity of a service-connected disability was not collected for veterans whose service ended before the

Vietnam era. Estimates for these missing responses were imputed. This affects data for the WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era group and the other

service periods group. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2021, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard

status

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent of

labor

force

Not in

labor

force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total 7,711 5,915 76.7 5,717 74.1 199 3.4 1,796

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 2,840 2,257 79.5 2,214 77.9 43 1.9 584

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 4,724 3,565 75.5 3,410 72.2 155 4.3 1,160

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 147 94 64.1 93 63.6 1 0.8 53

Gulf War era II

Total 4,682 3,707 79.2 3,589 76.7 118 3.2 975

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 1,744 1,445 82.8 1,415 81.2 29 2.0 299

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 2,853 2,199 77.1 2,111 74.0 88 4.0 654

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 86 64 74.4 63 73.5 1 - 22

Gulf War era I

Total 3,029 2,208 72.9 2,128 70.2 81 3.6 821

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 1,096 812 74.1 798 72.8 14 1.7 284

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 1,871 1,366 73.0 1,299 69.4 67 4.9 505

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 61 30 - 30 - - - 31

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The

Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present)

and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include

Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria

(values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2021, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and location

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Number Rate

Not in labor

force

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans 4,682 3,707 79.2 3,589 76.7 118 3.2 975

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both1 1,905 1,516 79.6 1,476 77.5 40 2.6 390

Served in Iraq2 1,452 1,155 79.6 1,131 77.9 24 2.0 297

Served in Afghanistan3 1,001 783 78.2 748 74.7 35 4.5 218

Served in both locations4 548 423 77.2 403 73.6 19 4.6 125

Served elsewhere 2,777 2,191 78.9 2,113 76.1 78 3.6 586

 1 Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also

includes veterans who served in both countries.

 2 Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.

 3 Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.

 

4

 Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria

(values not shown where base is less than 75,000).