For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, April 13, 2011 USDL-11-0511

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2011 

There were 3.1 million job openings on the last business day of February 2011, the U.S. Bureau of 

Labor Statistics reported today. The job openings rate (2.3 percent) increased over the month. The hires 

rate (3.0 percent) and total separations rate (2.9 percent) were little changed over the month. This release 

includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm 

sector by industry and by geographic region.

Job Openings

The number of job openings in February was 3.1 million, an increase from 2.7 million in January. (See 

table 1.) The job openings level has trended up since the end of the recession in June 2009 (as 

designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research) but remains well below the 4.4 million 

openings when the recession began in December 2007. 

The number of job openings in February (not seasonally adjusted) increased from 12 months earlier for 

total nonfarm, total private, several industries, and the Midwest, Northeast, and South regions. The level 

decreased over the year for federal government. (See table 5.)

Corrections to the JOLTS Data

Corrections were made to the January 2011 Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey release issued on Friday, 

March 11, 2011. See the note at the end of this release for additional information. 

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

Percent

2009 2010 2011

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

March 2008 - February 2011

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 and ended in June 2009

as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). 

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Hires

Separations

Percent

2009 2010 2011

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

March 2008 - February 2011

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 and ended in June 2009

as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). 
- 2 - 

Hires

In February, the hires rate was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm, total private, and government. 

The number of hires was little changed in every industry and decreased in the West region. (See table 2.) 

At 3.9 million, the number of hires in February was below the 5.0 million hires in December 2007 when 

the recession began. 

Over the 12 months ending in February, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for 

total nonfarm, total private, government, most industries, and all regions. The hires rate fell over the 

year for federal government. (See table 6.)

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total c

................................................... 2,523 2,741 3,093 3,784 3,769 3,907 3,795 3,612 3,792

Total private 1....................................... 2,159 2,418 2,759 3,484 3,494 3,646 3,486 3,337 3,512

Construction....................................... 62 60 62 297 254 310 344 281 294

Manufacturing.................................... 156 207 204 254 246 245 263 184 229

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2......... 373 470 453 778 783 801 773 769 794

Retail trade..................................... 257 263 235 534 536 533 523 527 546

Professional and business services......... 396 459 675 717 810 812 684 756 771

Education and health services............... 523 482 557 457 437 464 430 394 441

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 245 301 382 584 588 610 571 596 594

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 22 39 49 80 84 97 75 92 91

Accommodation and food services...... 223 262 333 503 504 513 496 505 503

Government 3,c..................................... 364 323 334 300 275 261 309 275 280

 State and local government.................. 235 259 263 248 242 222 267 245 246

Total c................................................... 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9

Total private 1....................................... 2.0 2.2 2.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2

Construction....................................... 1.1 1.1 1.1 5.4 4.6 5.6 6.2 5.1 5.3

Manufacturing.................................... 1.3 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 1.6 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2......... 1.5 1.9 1.8 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2

Retail trade.................................... 1.8 1.8 1.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.8

Professional and business services......... 2.3 2.6 3.8 4.3 4.8 4.8 4.1 4.5 4.5

Education and health services............... 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 1.9 2.3 2.8 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.6 4.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 1.1 2.0 2.5 4.2 4.5 5.1 4.0 4.9 4.8

Accommodation and food services...... 2.0 2.3 2.9 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5

Government 3,c..................................... 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3

 State and local government.................. 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not show n separately.

 2 Includes w holesale trade and transportation, w arehousing, and utilities, not show n separately.

 3 Includes federal government, not show n separately.

 p = Preliminary

 c = Data from October 2008 through December 2010 have been corrected.

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)
- 3 - 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary 

separations), and other separations (including retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate was

little changed at 2.9 percent for total nonfarm in February. Over the 12 months ending in February, the 

total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm, total private, 

and government. (See tables 3 and 7.) 

The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. In February, the 

quits rate increased for total nonfarm and total private but was unchanged for government. The quits rate 

increased in retail trade and all four regions. (See table 4.) The 1.9 million quits in February remains 

well below the 2.8 million quits in December 2007 when the recession began. 

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) in February increased over the year for total nonfarm and 

total private but was little changed for government. The number of quits increased for professional and 

business services. (See table 8.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was essentially unchanged in 

February for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table B below.) After peaking at 2.5 

million in February 2009, the number of layoffs and discharges for total nonfarm fell to a series low of

1.5 million in January 2011. 

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending 

in February for total nonfarm, total private, and government as well as all industries and three regions; 

layoffs and discharges declined in the Midwest over the year. (See table 9.) 

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In February, there were 292,000 other 

separations for total nonfarm, 255,000 for total private, and 37,000 for government. Compared to 

February 2010, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and 

government. (See table 10.)

Relative Contributions to Separations 

The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm 

level attributable to the individual components has varied over time, but for the majority of the months 

since the series began in December 2000, the proportion of quits has exceeded the proportion of layoffs 

Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total c............................................................ 1,755 1,541 1,591 1.4 1.2 1.2

Total private...................................................1,624 1,447 1,478 1.5 1.3 1.4

Government c................................................ 131 94 113 0.6 0.4 0.5

 p = Preliminary

 c = Data from October 2008 through December 2010 have been corrected.

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates (percent)
- 4 - 

and discharges. Other separations is historically a very small portion of total separations; it has rarely 

been above 10 percent of the total.

Over the last several months, the proportions of quits and of layoffs and discharges at the total nonfarm 

level have diverged, returning to their historical pattern. In February, the proportion of quits for total 

nonfarm was 51 percent and the proportion of layoffs and discharges was 42 percent. The proportion of 

quits for total private was 52 percent and the proportion of layoffs and discharges was 42 percent. For 

government, the proportions were 41 percent quits and 40 percent layoffs and discharges. (See table C 

below.) 

Net Change in Employment

Over the 12 months ending in February, hires (not seasonally adjusted) totaled 47.6 million and 

separations (not seasonally adjusted) totaled 46.4 million, a net employment gain of 1.2 million at the 

total nonfarm level. These figures include workers who may have been hired and separated more than 

once during the year. Nearly half of the hires and nearly half of the separations during these 12 months 

occurred in three industries: retail trade; professional and business services; and accommodation and 

food services. The large share of total hires and separations accounted for by these three industries 

reflects the size of the industries as well as their relatively high hires and separations rates.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for March 2011 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, May 11, 2011 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Corrections to the JOLTS Data

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data published in the January 2011 news release on Friday, 

March 11, 2011, were found to contain errors. The seasonally adjusted government and total nonfarm levels and 

rates did not include input from the 2010 decennial census in the January 2011 data and the revised data for 

October 2008 through December 2010. Monthly not seasonally adjusted estimates, as well as annual estimates, 

which are calculated from not seasonally adjusted estimates, were not affected by the error. Private sector 

estimates also were not affected by the error. 

All data in today’s release reflect the corrections. Also, corrected data have been loaded into the JOLTS database 

at www.bls.gov/jlt/data.htm. 

Table C. Quits and layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations, seasonally adjusted

(Levels in thousands)

Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total

Total c

....................................1,782 47% 1,679 46% 1,924 51% 1,755 46% 1,541 43% 1,591 42%

Total private...........................1,659 48% 1,572 47% 1,809 52% 1,624 47% 1,447 43% 1,478 42%

Government c........................ 124 40% 107 39% 115 41% 131 42% 94 34% 113 40%

 p = Preliminary

 c

 = Data from October 2008 through December 2010 have been corrected.

Industry

Quits Layoffs and discharges

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011p

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011p
Technical Note

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly 

from a sample of business establishments by the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Collection

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

Data collection methods include computer-assisted 

telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, web, fax, 

e-mail, and mail.

Coverage

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well 

as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia.

Concepts

 Industry classification. The industry classifications 

in this release are in accordance with the 2007 version 

of the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with 

employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, 

location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment 

characteristics resulting from the verification process 

are always introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame

with the data reported for the first month of the year.

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. 

Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, 

unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay 

or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as 

employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and 

consultants are counted by their employer of record, 

not by the establishment where they are working.

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that position, 

2) work could start within 30 days regardless of 

whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the 

employer is actively recruiting from outside the 

establishment to fill the position. Included are fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in 

newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted 

signs, accepting applications, or using other similar 

methods.

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. 

Also excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 

days in the future, jobs for which employees have been 

hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings and multiplying that 

quotient by 100.

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning 

from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the 

number of hires by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100.

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time 

during the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements, which are reported as 

other separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings 

or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of 

seasonal employees. Other separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not include 

transfers within the same location or employees on 

strike.
 The separations rate is computed by dividing the 

number of separations by employment and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, 

and other separations rates are computed similarly, 

dividing the number by employment and multiplying 

by 100.

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and 

levels of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released with the 

January news release each year.

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels 

are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for 

job openings cannot be created by summing the 

monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow 

measures and are cumulated over the month with a 

total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates.

Special collection procedures

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given month. Aggregating 

these monthly changes historically produced employment levels that overstated employment change as 

measured by CES at the total nonfarm level. Research 

into this problem showed that a significant amount of 

the divergence between the CES employment levels 

and the derived JOLTS employment levels was traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the 

State Government Education industry. In the former 

industry, businesses have a difficult time reporting 

hires and separations of temporary help workers. In 

the latter industry, employers have difficulty reporting 

hires and separations of student workers. BLS now devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and 

review of data for these industries. BLS analysts more 

closely examine reported data that do not provide a 

consistent picture over time, and re-contact the 

respondents as necessary. Analysts work with the 

respondents to adjust their reporting practices as 

possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used; they are 

replaced by imputed values using standard techniques.

Sample and estimation methodology

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including 

factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, 

and local governments in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled 

as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program. This 

program includes all employers subject to state 

Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal 

agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for 

Federal Employees (UCFE).

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units 

drawn on an annual basis. The full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only large 

units selected with virtual certainty based on their size 

and 24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new noncertainty panel is rolled into collection, and the oldest 

non-certainty panel is rolled out. This means that at 

any given time the JOLTS sample is constructed from 

panels from three different annual sampling frames. 

The entire sample of old plus new panels is poststratified and re-weighted annually to represent the 

most recent sampling frame. Additionally, the out-ofbusiness establishments are removed from the old 

panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample.

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES 

to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for 

all other JOLTS data elements. 

JOLTS business birth/death model

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can 

only be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag 

from the birth of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many of these new units may fail within the 

first year. Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and sepa-
rations from these units during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a model to estimate birth/death 

activity for current months by examining the birth/

death activity from previous years on the QCEW and 

projecting forward to the present using an econometric 

technique known as X-12 ARIMA modeling. The 

birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to 

estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) 

that exists in establishments of various sizes. The 

model then combines the estimated churn with the 

projected employment change to estimate the number 

of hires and separations taking place in these units that 

cannot be measured through sampling. 

 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components—quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations—in proportion to 

their contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of 

openings to hires in the collected data and applying that 

ratio to the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death 

model are then added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using 

the X-12 ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. 

Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and 

removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such 

as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of 

the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to 

observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, 

particularly those associated with general economic 

expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal 

adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all 

relevant data, up to and including the data for the 

current month.

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal 

adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the 

series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable 

to the CES net employment change. However, definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method. The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to 

the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trend (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are 

seasonally adjusted and the difference between the 

JOLTS implied employment trend and the CES net 

employment change is calculated. Next, the JOLTS 

implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the CES 

net employment change through a proportional adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts 

the two components (hires, separations) proportionally 

to their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 percent of the 

churn for a given month, they will receive 40 percent 

of the needed adjustment and separations will receive 

60 percent of the needed adjustment. The adjusted hires 

and separations are converted back to not seasonally 

adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal factors. After the Monthly Alignment 

Method has been used to adjust the level estimates, rate 

estimates are computed from the adjusted levels. The 

monthly alignment procedure assures a close match of 

the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES 

trend. The CES series is considered a highly accurate 

measure of net employment change owing to its very 

large sample size and annual benchmarking to universe 

counts of employment from the QCEW program.

Using JOLTS data

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. 

A full complement of panels for the original data series 

based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification 

(SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the survey 

until January 2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not 

completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points are from less than a full 

sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier months 

should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units 

were reporting data at that time.

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires 

and separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may 

not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and 

later.

 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the 

new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected 

in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the 
federal government. The Office of Personnel Management's record shows these transfers were completed in 

March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS 

definitions of hires and separations is intended to cover 

ongoing movements of workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the 

inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers would 

distort the federal government time series.

Reliability of the estimates

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the 

sample estimates may differ from the "true" population 

values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That 

means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the 

"true" population value because of sampling error. 

Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request.

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to include a segment of 

the population, the inability to obtain data from all 

units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes 

made by respondents, errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data, and errors from the employment 

benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011p 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011p

Total c................................................... 2,523 2,756 2,905 2,966 2,921 2,741 3,093 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................2,159 2,429 2,560 2,639 2,500 2,418 2,759 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.5

Construction.................................... 62 68 69 94 44 60 62 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.7 .8 1.1 1.1

Manufacturing................................. 156 183 193 213 184 207 204 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 373 419 445 430 463 470 453 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8

Retail trade................................. 257 239 272 248 268 263 235 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6

Professional and business services...... 396 554 575 647 609 459 675 2.3 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.5 2.6 3.8

Education and health services............ 523 510 569 528 510 482 557 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 245 284 274 253 270 301 382 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 22 35 27 30 41 39 49 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.0 2.5

Accommodation and food services... 223 248 247 224 229 262 333 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.9

Government 6,c.................................... 364 326 345 327 421 323 334 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.5

State and local government............... 235 239 272 244 319 259 263 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast c....................................... 478 559 605 603 548 492 599 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.3

South c.......................................... 857 1,015 1,084 1,053 1,023 960 1,139 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.4

Midwest c....................................... 501 540 584 634 617 513 622 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.1

West c............................................. 617 648 740 769 829 573 694 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.0 2.4

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 6 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 p = Preliminary

 c = Data from October 2008 through December 2010 have been corrected.

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011p 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011p

Total c................................................... 3,784 3,869 3,865 3,943 3,905 3,769 3,907 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................3,484 3,614 3,580 3,668 3,631 3,494 3,646 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4

Construction.................................... 297 327 331 324 356 254 310 5.4 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.5 4.6 5.6

Manufacturing................................. 254 240 259 272 264 246 245 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 778 776 777 799 756 783 801 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2

Retail trade................................. 534 539 545 548 476 536 533 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.7

Professional and business services...... 717 747 730 761 780 810 812 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.8

Education and health services............ 457 487 465 491 465 437 464 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 584 645 596 590 596 588 610 4.5 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 80 110 87 94 98 84 97 4.2 5.7 4.6 5.0 5.2 4.5 5.1

Accommodation and food services... 503 535 508 496 498 504 513 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6

Government 6, c.................................... 300 255 285 275 274 275 261 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

State and local government............... 248 224 250 243 242 242 222 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1

REGION 7

Northeast c....................................... 637 724 690 701 680 633 630 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.5

South c.......................................... 1,322 1,427 1,449 1,572 1,513 1,412 1,442 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.1

Midwest c....................................... 854 854 880 879 878 920 820 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.8

West c............................................. 776 852 839 883 806 939 827 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.3 2.9

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = Preliminary 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and c = Data from October 2008 through December 2010 have been corrected.

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011p 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011p

Total c...................................................3,795 3,904 3,702 3,869 3,836 3,612 3,792 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 3,486 3,526 3,436 3,568 3,539 3,337 3,512 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2

Construction.................................... 344 330 323 342 393 281 294 6.2 6.0 5.9 6.2 7.2 5.1 5.3

Manufacturing................................. 263 245 266 265 252 184 229 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.6 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 773 763 741 773 718 769 794 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.2

Retail trade................................. 523 531 527 541 470 527 546 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.8

Professional and business services...... 684 742 709 687 735 756 771 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.5

Education and health services............ 430 460 408 460 450 394 441 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 571 607 613 595 583 596 594 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 75 104 106 99 98 92 91 4.0 5.4 5.6 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.8

Accommodation and food services... 496 503 507 497 485 505 503 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.5

Government 6,c.................................... 309 379 265 300 297 275 280 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

State and local government............... 267 266 220 263 269 245 246 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast c....................................... 687 664 678 715 598 569 686 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.3 2.8

South c.......................................... 1,418 1,456 1,290 1,407 1,476 1,499 1,465 3.0 3.1 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1

Midwest c....................................... 855 902 822 890 841 912 803 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.7

West c............................................. 893 851 782 829 759 817 846 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.9

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

month. not shown separately. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = Preliminary

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. c

 = Data from October 2008 through December 2010 have been corrected. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011p 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011p

Total c...................................................1,782 1,843 1,755 1,756 1,838 1,679 1,924 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 1,659 1,723 1,654 1,653 1,731 1,572 1,809 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7

Construction.................................... 75 80 77 56 81 56 50 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.0 .9

Manufacturing................................. 98 93 95 103 107 83 86 .9 .8 .8 .9 .9 .7 .7

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 427 411 376 388 373 338 464 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.9

Retail trade................................. 331 319 291 292 274 240 335 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.3

Professional and business services...... 288 337 342 317 335 361 405 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.4

Education and health services............ 237 235 228 248 244 206 239 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.2

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 361 358 357 335 368 352 362 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 34 38 43 37 41 28 36 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.9

Accommodation and food services... 327 320 314 297 327 324 327 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9

Government 6,c.................................... 124 120 101 102 107 107 115 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5

State and local government............... 110 106 89 91 98 100 106 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5

REGION 7

Northeast c....................................... 325 262 266 248 251 214 345 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 .9 1.4

South c.......................................... 751 762 679 702 761 656 796 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.7

Midwest c....................................... 415 374 415 403 411 368 466 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.6

West c............................................. 427 382 377 367 343 366 445 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.6

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = Preliminary 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, c = Data from October 2008 through December 2010 have been corrected.

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total............................................................ 2,441 2,870 3,052 1.9 2.2 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,086 2,551 2,730 1.9 2.3 2.5

Mining and logging.................................... 10 32 19 1.5 4.2 2.6

Construction............................................. 62 56 60 1.2 1.1 1.2

Manufacturing.......................................... 153 222 203 1.3 1.9 1.7

Durable goods....................................... 90 152 131 1.3 2.1 1.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 63 70 72 1.4 1.6 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 343 450 440 1.4 1.8 1.8

Wholesale trade....................................... 61 122 127 1.1 2.2 2.3

Retail trade............................................. 227 249 205 1.6 1.7 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 56 79 108 1.2 1.6 2.2

Information................................................ 73 84 84 2.6 3.1 3.0

Financial activities...................................... 132 248 173 1.7 3.2 2.2

Finance and insurance.............................. 104 219 138 1.8 3.7 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 28 29 35 1.5 1.5 1.8

Professional and business services............... 389 527 678 2.3 3.1 3.9

Education and health services..................... 522 519 566 2.6 2.6 2.8

Educational services................................. 66 62 67 2.0 1.9 2.0

Health care and social assistance............... 455 457 500 2.7 2.7 2.9

Leisure and hospitality................................. 229 283 373 1.8 2.2 2.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 20 34 47 1.2 2.0 2.7

Accommodation and food services............ 209 249 326 1.9 2.3 2.9

Other services.......................................... 173 132 133 3.2 2.4 2.4

Government................................................ 355 318 322 1.5 1.4 1.4

Federal................................................... 133 70 71 4.5 2.4 2.4

State and local........................................... 222 249 251 1.1 1.3 1.3

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 464 588 577 1.9 2.3 2.3

South...................................................... 844 1,038 1,133 1.8 2.2 2.4

Midwest................................................... 496 572 630 1.7 1.9 2.1

West...................................................... 636 672 713 2.2 2.3 2.5

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings. 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total............................................................ 3,133 3,589 3,291 2.5 2.8 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,920 3,325 3,111 2.8 3.1 2.9

Mining and logging.................................... 19 19 18 2.9 2.7 2.5

Construction............................................. 238 228 247 4.7 4.5 4.9

Manufacturing.......................................... 229 270 220 2.0 2.3 1.9

Durable goods....................................... 123 173 137 1.8 2.4 1.9

Nondurable goods.................................... 106 97 83 2.4 2.2 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 585 635 626 2.4 2.6 2.6

Wholesale trade....................................... 105 128 122 1.9 2.4 2.2

Retail trade............................................. 395 412 397 2.8 2.9 2.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 85 95 107 1.8 2.0 2.2

Information................................................ 39 58 45 1.4 2.2 1.7

Financial activities...................................... 126 139 118 1.7 1.8 1.6

Finance and insurance.............................. 80 88 76 1.4 1.6 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 45 50 42 2.4 2.7 2.2

Professional and business services............... 648 906 749 4.0 5.5 4.5

Education and health services..................... 401 427 404 2.1 2.2 2.0

Educational services................................. 57 76 67 1.7 2.4 2.0

Health care and social assistance............... 344 351 337 2.1 2.1 2.0

Leisure and hospitality................................. 497 474 527 4.0 3.8 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 54 61 64 3.2 3.7 3.8

Accommodation and food services............ 443 413 462 4.2 3.8 4.3

Other services.......................................... 138 169 158 2.6 3.2 2.9

Government................................................ 213 265 180 .9 1.2 .8

Federal................................................... 40 32 27 1.4 1.1 1.0

State and local........................................... 173 232 152 .9 1.2 .8

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 511 558 512 2.1 2.3 2.1

South...................................................... 1,188 1,406 1,323 2.6 3.0 2.8

Midwest................................................... 749 802 721 2.6 2.7 2.5

West...................................................... 685 824 735 2.4 2.9 2.6

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total............................................................ 3,059 4,319 3,089 2.4 3.4 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,877 4,049 2,925 2.7 3.8 2.7

Mining and logging.................................... 15 17 15 2.3 2.3 2.0

Construction............................................. 297 381 249 5.8 7.5 4.9

Manufacturing.......................................... 235 250 200 2.1 2.2 1.7

Durable goods....................................... 132 130 114 1.9 1.8 1.6

Nondurable goods.................................... 103 120 86 2.3 2.7 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 645 1,040 684 2.7 4.2 2.8

Wholesale trade....................................... 120 134 120 2.2 2.5 2.2

Retail trade............................................. 436 726 466 3.1 5.1 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 90 180 99 1.9 3.8 2.1

Information................................................ 45 82 42 1.6 3.1 1.6

Financial activities...................................... 138 198 113 1.8 2.6 1.5

Finance and insurance.............................. 85 108 72 1.5 1.9 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 53 90 41 2.8 4.8 2.1

Professional and business services............... 579 850 676 3.6 5.1 4.0

Education and health services..................... 345 427 350 1.8 2.2 1.8

Educational services................................. 31 63 45 1.0 2.0 1.3

Health care and social assistance............... 314 364 305 1.9 2.2 1.8

Leisure and hospitality................................. 432 611 447 3.5 4.9 3.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 42 76 47 2.5 4.6 2.8

Accommodation and food services............ 391 535 399 3.7 5.0 3.7

Other services.......................................... 145 194 150 2.7 3.6 2.8

Government................................................ 182 270 163 .8 1.2 .7

Federal................................................... 29 42 24 1.0 1.5 .8

State and local........................................... 153 228 140 .8 1.2 .7

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 511 674 517 2.1 2.8 2.1

South...................................................... 1,156 1,735 1,224 2.5 3.7 2.6

Midwest................................................... 679 1,064 631 2.3 3.6 2.2

West...................................................... 713 846 717 2.5 3.0 2.5

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total............................................................ 1,392 1,745 1,552 1.1 1.4 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,308 1,634 1,472 1.2 1.5 1.4

Mining and logging.................................... 6 6 10 .9 .9 1.4

Construction............................................. 59 49 38 1.2 1.0 .8

Manufacturing.......................................... 84 85 73 .7 .7 .6

Durable goods....................................... 43 44 41 .6 .6 .6

Nondurable goods.................................... 41 41 32 .9 .9 .7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 337 374 378 1.4 1.5 1.5

Wholesale trade....................................... 34 51 56 .6 .9 1.0

Retail trade............................................. 260 270 267 1.8 1.9 1.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 43 53 55 .9 1.1 1.2

Information................................................ 20 29 23 .7 1.1 .9

Financial activities...................................... 59 74 51 .8 1.0 .7

Finance and insurance.............................. 33 44 37 .6 .8 .7

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 26 29 14 1.4 1.5 .7

Professional and business services............... 234 352 343 1.4 2.1 2.0

Education and health services..................... 184 222 188 .9 1.1 .9

Educational services................................. 19 30 20 .6 1.0 .6

Health care and social assistance............... 165 192 169 1.0 1.2 1.0

Leisure and hospitality................................. 282 349 289 2.3 2.8 2.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 21 23 22 1.2 1.4 1.3

Accommodation and food services............ 261 326 267 2.5 3.0 2.5

Other services.......................................... 43 93 78 .8 1.7 1.4

Government................................................ 84 111 80 .4 .5 .4

Federal................................................... 10 12 8 .4 .4 .3

State and local........................................... 74 100 72 .4 .5 .4

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 198 238 223 .8 1.0 .9

South...................................................... 574 716 633 1.2 1.5 1.4

Midwest................................................... 297 396 345 1.0 1.4 1.2

West...................................................... 323 396 351 1.2 1.4 1.2

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total............................................................ 1,394 2,112 1,244 1.1 1.6 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,337 2,025 1,198 1.3 1.9 1.1

Mining and logging.................................... 8 9 3 1.2 1.2 .4

Construction............................................. 221 320 206 4.3 6.3 4.1

Manufacturing.......................................... 137 139 106 1.2 1.2 .9

Durable goods....................................... 80 70 58 1.2 1.0 .8

Nondurable goods.................................... 57 69 48 1.3 1.6 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 240 551 246 1.0 2.2 1.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 68 48 48 1.3 .9 .9

Retail trade............................................. 133 393 164 .9 2.7 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 39 110 33 .8 2.3 .7

Information................................................ 21 35 15 .8 1.3 .6

Financial activities...................................... 50 102 44 .7 1.4 .6

Finance and insurance.............................. 28 47 24 .5 .8 .4

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 22 56 19 1.1 2.9 1.0

Professional and business services............... 304 415 279 1.9 2.5 1.7

Education and health services..................... 133 137 110 .7 .7 .6

Educational services................................. 10 23 21 .3 .7 .6

Health care and social assistance............... 123 114 88 .8 .7 .5

Leisure and hospitality................................. 129 235 126 1.0 1.9 1.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 19 49 19 1.1 3.0 1.1

Accommodation and food services............ 110 186 107 1.0 1.7 1.0

Other services.......................................... 95 82 63 1.8 1.5 1.2

Government................................................ 57 87 46 .2 .4 .2

Federal................................................... 9 13 6 .3 .5 .2

State and local........................................... 48 74 40 .2 .4 .2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 259 356 252 1.1 1.5 1.0

South...................................................... 484 864 468 1.0 1.9 1.0

Midwest................................................... 327 526 230 1.1 1.8 .8

West...................................................... 324 366 294 1.2 1.3 1.0

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total............................................................ 273 462 292 0.2 0.4 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 232 391 255 .2 .4 .2

Mining and logging.................................... 1 1 1 .2 .2 .2

Construction............................................. 16 12 5 .3 .2 .1

Manufacturing.......................................... 15 25 21 .1 .2 .2

Durable goods....................................... 9 16 15 .1 .2 .2

Nondurable goods.................................... 6 9 6 .1 .2 .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 67 116 60 .3 .5 .2

Wholesale trade....................................... 18 35 16 .3 .6 .3

Retail trade............................................. 42 63 34 .3 .4 .2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 7 18 10 .2 .4 .2

Information................................................ 4 18 4 .2 .7 .1

Financial activities...................................... 30 22 18 .4 .3 .2

Finance and insurance.............................. 24 17 10 .4 .3 .2

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 6 5 8 .3 .3 .4

Professional and business services............... 42 83 54 .3 .5 .3

Education and health services..................... 28 68 52 .1 .3 .3

Educational services................................. 2 10 4 .1 .3 .1

Health care and social assistance............... 26 58 48 .2 .4 .3

Leisure and hospitality................................. 21 27 32 .2 .2 .3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 2 4 7 .1 .2 .4

Accommodation and food services............ 19 23 25 .2 .2 .2

Other services.......................................... 7 20 9 .1 .4 .2

Government................................................ 41 71 37 .2 .3 .2

Federal................................................... 10 17 10 .3 .6 .4

State and local........................................... 31 54 27 .2 .3 .1

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 55 80 40 .2 .3 .2

South...................................................... 98 155 124 .2 .3 .3

Midwest................................................... 54 143 56 .2 .5 .2

West...................................................... 66 84 72 .2 .3 .3

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates