Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-16-2233 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, December 2, 2016

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — NOVEMBER 2016

The unemployment rate declined to 4.6 percent in November, and total nonfarm payroll employment 

increased by 178,000, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment gains occurred in 

professional and business services and in health care.

Household Survey Data

In November, the unemployment rate decreased by 0.3 percentage point to 4.6 percent, and the number 

of unemployed persons declined by 387,000 to 7.4 million. Both measures had shown little movement, 

on net, from August 2015 through October 2016. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men declined to 4.3 percent in 

November. The rates for adult women (4.2 percent), teenagers (15.2 percent), Whites (4.2 percent), 

Blacks (8.1 percent), Asians (3.0 percent), and Hispanics (5.7 percent) showed little or no change over 

the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs edged down by 194,000 to 3.6 

million in November. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, 

November 2014 – November 2016

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16

Percent Thousands

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

November 2014 – November 2016
- 2 - 

little changed at 1.9 million and accounted for 24.8 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 months, 

the number of long-term unemployed was down by 198,000. (See tables A-11 and A-12.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate, at 62.7 percent, changed little in November, and the 

employment-population ratio held at 59.7 percent. These measures have shown little movement in 

recent months. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers), at 5.7 million, changed little in November but was down by 416,000 

over the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part 

time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See 

table A-8.) 

In November, 1.9 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, up by 215,000 from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 591,000 discouraged workers in November, little different 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.3 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in November had not searched for work for 

reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 178,000 in November. Thus far in 2016, employment 

growth has averaged 180,000 per month, compared with an average monthly increase of 229,000 in 

2015. In November, employment gains occurred in professional and business services and in health care. 

(See table B-1.) 

Employment in professional and business services rose by 63,000 in November and has risen by 

571,000 over the year. Over the month, accounting and bookkeeping services added 18,000 jobs. 

Employment continued to trend up in administrative and support services (+36,000), computer systems 

design and related services (+5,000), and management and technical consulting services (+4,000). 

Health care employment rose by 28,000 in November. Within the industry, employment growth 

occurred in ambulatory health care services (+22,000). Over the past 12 months, health care has added 

407,000 jobs. 

Employment in construction continued on its recent upward trend in November (+19,000), with a gain 

in residential specialty trade contractors (+15,000). Over the past 3 months, construction has added 

59,000 jobs, largely in residential construction. 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail 

trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, leisure and hospitality, 

and government, changed little over the month. 
- 3 - 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in 

November. In manufacturing, the workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours, while overtime was 

unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 3 

cents to $25.89, following an 11-cent increase in October. Over the year, average hourly earnings have 

risen by 2.5 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees edged up by 2 cents to $21.73 in November. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised up from +191,000 to 

+208,000, and the change for October was revised down from +161,000 to +142,000. With these 

revisions, employment gains in September and October combined were 2,000 less than previously 

reported. Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 176,000 per month. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for December is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 6, 2017, 

at 8:30 a.m. (EST).

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

In accordance with usual practice, The Employment Situation news release for December 2016, 

scheduled for January 6, 2017, will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted household 

survey data. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision. 

Upcoming Changes to the Establishment Survey Data

Effective with the release of January 2017 data on February 3, 2017, the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) program will begin using an improved methodology to select models for annual 

seasonal adjustment processing. See www.bls.gov/ces/cestramo.htm for more information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Change from:

Oct. 2016-

Nov. 2016

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 251,747 254,091 254,321 254,540 219

Civilian labor force........................................................... 157,367 159,907 159,712 159,486 -226

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.5 62.9 62.8 62.7 -0.1

Employed................................................................... 149,444 151,968 151,925 152,085 160

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.4 59.8 59.7 59.7 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 7,924 7,939 7,787 7,400 -387

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.6 -0.3

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,380 94,184 94,609 95,055 446

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.6 -0.3

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.3 -0.3

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 15.6 15.8 15.6 15.2 -0.4

White.......................................................................... 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 9.4 8.3 8.6 8.1 -0.5

Asian.......................................................................... 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.0 -0.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.4 6.4 5.7 5.7 0.0

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 6.8 8.5 7.3 7.9 0.6

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.4 5.2 5.5 4.9 -0.6

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.9 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.3 -0.3

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,873 3,967 3,749 3,555 -194

Job leavers...................................................................... 800 893 949 934 -15

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,449 2,333 2,354 2,274 -80

New entrants.................................................................... 847 805 793 729 -64

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,412 2,574 2,397 2,421 24

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,253 2,234 2,296 2,136 -160

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,270 1,157 1,165 1,077 -88

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,054 1,974 1,979 1,856 -123

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,085 5,894 5,889 5,669 -220

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,536 3,618 3,505 3,505 0

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,221 1,969 2,118 1,909 -209

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,171 20,688 20,691 21,018 327

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,717 1,844 1,700 1,932 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 594 553 487 591 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 208 142 178

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 205 135 156

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 21 7 17

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15 1 -2 2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 26 14 19

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 -6 -5 -4

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -12 -6 -1 -6

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4.0 -0.7 1.2 1.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 0 -4 2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 184 128 139

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 11.4 7.9 2.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 22.5 -8.9 -8.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 -3.2 12.2 8.9

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 0.3 0.7 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -18 5 -3 -10

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2 9 6

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 87 48 63

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 33.6 7.3 14.3

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 38 44 44

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 22.5 37.4 34.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 8 15 29

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 13 3 4

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 7 22

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 212 175 176

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 186 157 165

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.7 49.6 49.6

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.2 48.2 48.2

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.3 82.3 82.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.27 $25.81 $25.92 $25.89

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $871.82 $887.86 $891.65 $890.62

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.6 105.8 106.0 106.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.4 130.6 131.3 131.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.0

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 58.0 59.2 55.5

Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 46.2 48.1 46.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 623,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251,747 254,321 254,540 251,747 253,620 253,854 254,091 254,321 254,540

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,340 159,783 159,451 157,367 159,287 159,463 159,907 159,712 159,486

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.8 62.6 62.5 62.8 62.8 62.9 62.8 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,766 152,335 152,385 149,444 151,517 151,614 151,968 151,925 152,085

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 59.9 59.9 59.4 59.7 59.7 59.8 59.7 59.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,573 7,447 7,066 7,924 7,770 7,849 7,939 7,787 7,400

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.7 4.4 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,407 94,539 95,089 94,380 94,333 94,391 94,184 94,609 95,055

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,326 5,613 5,524 5,637 5,886 5,833 6,088 5,912 5,876

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,577 122,889 122,998 121,577 122,539 122,656 122,775 122,889 122,998

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,258 84,991 84,628 83,503 84,826 84,906 85,084 85,034 84,874

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 69.2 68.8 68.7 69.2 69.2 69.3 69.2 69.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,142 80,966 80,763 79,182 80,548 80,674 80,755 80,722 80,843

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 65.9 65.7 65.1 65.7 65.8 65.8 65.7 65.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,115 4,025 3,865 4,321 4,278 4,232 4,329 4,312 4,030

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.7 4.6 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,319 37,898 38,370 38,074 37,713 37,750 37,691 37,855 38,125

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,149 114,401 114,506 113,149 114,058 114,173 114,289 114,401 114,506

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,548 82,065 81,751 80,623 81,834 81,838 82,019 82,004 81,823

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 71.7 71.4 71.3 71.7 71.7 71.8 71.7 71.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,911 78,538 78,405 76,823 78,048 78,143 78,195 78,233 78,343

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 68.7 68.5 67.9 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,637 3,527 3,347 3,800 3,786 3,695 3,825 3,771 3,480

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,601 32,337 32,755 32,526 32,224 32,335 32,269 32,398 32,684

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,170 131,432 131,542 130,170 131,081 131,198 131,317 131,432 131,542

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,082 74,791 74,823 73,865 74,461 74,557 74,823 74,678 74,612

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 56.9 56.9 56.7 56.8 56.8 57.0 56.8 56.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,624 71,369 71,622 70,262 70,969 70,940 71,213 71,202 71,242

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3 54.3 54.4 54.0 54.1 54.1 54.2 54.2 54.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,458 3,423 3,201 3,603 3,492 3,617 3,610 3,475 3,370

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,088 56,640 56,719 56,305 56,620 56,641 56,493 56,754 56,930

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,979 123,179 123,285 121,979 122,835 122,949 123,066 123,179 123,285

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,482 72,061 72,109 71,139 71,572 71,630 71,893 71,811 71,753

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 58.5 58.5 58.3 58.3 58.3 58.4 58.3 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,335 68,997 69,203 67,891 68,508 68,415 68,723 68,716 68,730

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 56.0 56.1 55.7 55.8 55.6 55.8 55.8 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,147 3,064 2,906 3,249 3,065 3,215 3,169 3,094 3,023

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,497 51,117 51,176 50,840 51,262 51,319 51,173 51,368 51,532

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,619 16,741 16,749 16,619 16,728 16,732 16,737 16,741 16,749

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,310 5,656 5,591 5,605 5,881 5,995 5,995 5,898 5,910

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0 33.8 33.4 33.7 35.2 35.8 35.8 35.2 35.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,520 4,800 4,778 4,729 4,961 5,056 5,050 4,976 5,013

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 28.7 28.5 28.5 29.7 30.2 30.2 29.7 29.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790 856 814 875 920 938 945 922 897

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 15.1 14.6 15.6 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.6 15.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,309 11,084 11,158 11,014 10,847 10,737 10,741 10,843 10,839

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,377 198,633 198,745 197,377 198,253 198,380 198,509 198,633 198,745

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,534 124,779 124,549 123,496 124,793 124,756 124,873 124,739 124,611

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.8 62.7 62.6 62.9 62.9 62.9 62.8 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,503 119,677 119,680 118,115 119,426 119,281 119,427 119,333 119,409

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 60.3 60.2 59.8 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,031 5,102 4,869 5,381 5,367 5,475 5,446 5,406 5,202

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,843 73,854 74,197 73,881 73,460 73,624 73,636 73,894 74,134

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,489 65,359 65,096 64,503 65,232 65,226 65,310 65,292 65,163

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 72.0 71.7 71.6 72.0 72.0 72.0 71.9 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,027 62,886 62,716 61,884 62,556 62,546 62,608 62,614 62,651

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 69.3 69.0 68.7 69.1 69.0 69.0 69.0 69.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,462 2,473 2,380 2,619 2,676 2,680 2,703 2,678 2,511

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,906 55,014 55,065 54,638 54,948 54,863 54,888 54,859 54,807

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.5 57.5 57.4 57.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,860 52,993 53,168 52,466 52,913 52,720 52,809 52,776 52,785

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 55.5 55.6 55.3 55.5 55.3 55.3 55.3 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,046 2,021 1,897 2,172 2,035 2,144 2,080 2,082 2,022

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.7 3.4 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,139 4,406 4,388 4,355 4,613 4,666 4,674 4,588 4,642

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 35.7 35.5 35.4 37.4 37.8 37.8 37.2 37.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,616 3,799 3,796 3,765 3,957 4,014 4,010 3,943 3,973

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 30.8 30.7 30.6 32.0 32.5 32.5 31.9 32.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 608 593 590 656 652 663 645 669

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 13.8 13.5 13.5 14.2 14.0 14.2 14.1 14.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,557 32,028 32,068 31,557 31,904 31,945 31,987 32,028 32,068

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,458 19,904 19,916 19,447 19,522 19,768 19,825 19,797 19,859

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 62.1 62.1 61.6 61.2 61.9 62.0 61.8 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,682 18,222 18,361 17,628 17,885 18,165 18,174 18,104 18,258

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 56.9 57.3 55.9 56.1 56.9 56.8 56.5 56.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,776 1,682 1,555 1,819 1,637 1,603 1,650 1,693 1,600

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 8.4 7.8 9.4 8.4 8.1 8.3 8.6 8.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,099 12,124 12,152 12,110 12,382 12,178 12,163 12,231 12,209

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,740 9,046 9,009 8,752 8,994 8,947 8,998 9,011 9,016

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.6 67.8 67.4 66.7 67.7 67.3 67.5 67.5 67.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,915 8,284 8,355 7,885 8,254 8,264 8,259 8,228 8,322

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 62.1 62.5 60.1 62.1 62.1 62.0 61.7 62.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 762 655 867 740 683 739 783 693

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 8.4 7.3 9.9 8.2 7.6 8.2 8.7 7.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,047 10,160 10,226 10,009 9,831 10,026 10,066 10,073 10,138

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 62.8 63.2 62.8 61.0 62.2 62.3 62.3 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,247 9,419 9,496 9,218 9,114 9,314 9,362 9,359 9,419

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 58.3 58.7 57.8 56.6 57.8 58.0 57.9 58.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 740 730 791 717 712 704 714 719

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.3 7.1 7.9 7.3 7.1 7.0 7.1 7.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 698 681 686 697 795 761 713 705

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 27.7 27.0 27.6 27.7 31.6 30.2 28.3 28.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 518 510 525 518 587 553 516 517

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 20.6 20.3 21.1 20.6 23.3 22.0 20.5 20.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 180 171 161 179 208 207 196 188

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 25.8 25.0 23.5 25.7 26.1 27.2 27.6 26.6

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,476 15,344 15,323 14,476 15,211 15,304 15,310 15,344 15,323

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,100 9,717 9,584 9,132 9,651 9,702 9,764 9,807 9,633

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 63.3 62.5 63.1 63.4 63.4 63.8 63.9 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,743 9,393 9,292 8,778 9,281 9,290 9,381 9,470 9,340

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.4 61.2 60.6 60.6 61.0 60.7 61.3 61.7 61.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 324 292 354 369 412 382 337 293

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.3 3.0 3.9 3.8 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,377 5,627 5,739 5,344 5,560 5,603 5,547 5,537 5,690

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 40,005 41,011 41,102 40,005 40,732 40,825 40,919 41,011 41,102

Civilian labor force................................ 26,304 26,954 27,066 26,225 26,785 26,987 27,064 26,922 26,989

Participation rate............................... 65.8 65.7 65.8 65.6 65.8 66.1 66.1 65.6 65.7

Employed....................................... 24,654 25,482 25,540 24,543 25,347 25,468 25,327 25,381 25,445

Employment-population ratio............... 61.6 62.1 62.1 61.3 62.2 62.4 61.9 61.9 61.9

Unemployed.................................... 1,650 1,472 1,526 1,682 1,438 1,519 1,737 1,541 1,544

Unemployment rate......................... 6.3 5.5 5.6 6.4 5.4 5.6 6.4 5.7 5.7

Not in labor force................................. 13,701 14,057 14,037 13,780 13,947 13,838 13,856 14,089 14,113

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,427 14,902 14,932 14,377 14,842 14,897 14,837 14,865 14,889

Participation rate............................... 80.0 80.6 80.6 79.7 80.8 80.9 80.4 80.4 80.4

Employed....................................... 13,665 14,208 14,162 13,601 14,141 14,184 14,035 14,120 14,116

Employment-population ratio............... 75.7 76.8 76.4 75.4 77.0 77.1 76.1 76.4 76.2

Unemployed.................................... 762 694 770 776 701 713 803 744 773

Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.4 4.7 4.8 5.4 5.0 5.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,819 10,917 11,035 10,754 10,797 10,957 10,999 10,905 10,968

Participation rate............................... 59.3 58.3 58.8 59.0 58.1 58.8 58.9 58.3 58.5

Employed....................................... 10,090 10,344 10,476 10,031 10,226 10,322 10,292 10,307 10,410

Employment-population ratio............... 55.3 55.3 55.8 55.0 55.0 55.4 55.1 55.1 55.5

Unemployed.................................... 729 573 559 723 571 635 707 598 558

Unemployment rate......................... 6.7 5.2 5.1 6.7 5.3 5.8 6.4 5.5 5.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,058 1,135 1,099 1,095 1,146 1,133 1,227 1,153 1,132

Participation rate............................... 28.4 29.8 28.8 29.4 30.3 29.9 32.3 30.3 29.7

Employed....................................... 899 930 902 912 980 963 1,000 954 919

Employment-population ratio............... 24.1 24.5 23.7 24.5 25.9 25.4 26.3 25.1 24.1

Unemployed.................................... 159 205 196 183 166 170 227 198 213

Unemployment rate......................... 15.0 18.0 17.9 16.7 14.5 15.0 18.5 17.2 18.8

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 11,014 10,450 10,678 10,958 10,638 10,809 10,828 10,678 10,617

Participation rate.................................. 46.0 44.4 45.5 45.7 47.0 46.5 45.7 45.4 45.2

Employed.......................................... 10,271 9,753 9,858 10,210 9,969 10,035 9,902 9,895 9,783

Employment-population ratio................. 42.9 41.5 42.0 42.6 44.0 43.2 41.8 42.1 41.6

Unemployed....................................... 743 698 820 748 669 774 926 783 834

Unemployment rate............................ 6.7 6.7 7.7 6.8 6.3 7.2 8.5 7.3 7.9

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,333 36,168 35,873 35,224 35,547 35,793 35,704 35,852 35,862

Participation rate.................................. 57.3 58.3 57.8 57.2 57.1 57.1 57.4 57.8 57.8

Employed.......................................... 33,495 34,314 34,175 33,315 33,758 33,985 33,857 33,895 34,096

Employment-population ratio................. 54.4 55.3 55.1 54.1 54.2 54.2 54.4 54.6 54.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,838 1,854 1,698 1,910 1,789 1,808 1,847 1,958 1,766

Unemployment rate............................ 5.2 5.1 4.7 5.4 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.5 4.9

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,428 38,196 38,110 37,610 37,791 37,571 37,900 38,158 38,236

Participation rate.................................. 66.4 66.5 66.3 66.7 66.2 66.5 67.0 66.5 66.5

Employed.......................................... 35,834 36,773 36,684 35,957 36,182 35,970 36,296 36,706 36,748

Employment-population ratio................. 63.5 64.1 63.8 63.8 63.4 63.7 64.2 64.0 63.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,593 1,423 1,426 1,653 1,609 1,601 1,604 1,452 1,488

Unemployment rate............................ 4.3 3.7 3.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 52,933 54,179 54,054 52,757 54,100 54,068 54,341 54,101 53,923

Participation rate.................................. 74.2 74.3 73.9 74.0 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.1 73.7

Employed.......................................... 51,681 52,801 52,867 51,451 52,741 52,618 52,967 52,709 52,679

Employment-population ratio................. 72.5 72.4 72.3 72.1 72.1 72.1 72.3 72.2 72.0

Unemployed....................................... 1,252 1,378 1,187 1,306 1,359 1,450 1,374 1,392 1,244

Unemployment rate............................ 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,085 20,782 19,081 18,762 2,004 2,020

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,763 10,493 9,508 9,218 1,255 1,275

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 50.5 49.8 49.1 62.6 63.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,372 9,994 9,173 8,812 1,198 1,181

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 48.1 48.1 47.0 59.8 58.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 499 334 406 57 94

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 4.8 3.5 4.4 4.5 7.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,322 10,289 9,573 9,544 749 745

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,728 4,034 3,025 3,335 702 699

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,091 3,338 2,561 2,813 531 525

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.9 82.8 84.6 84.3 75.5 75.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,960 3,123 2,467 2,650 492 473

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.4 77.4 81.6 79.5 70.1 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 216 93 163 38 53

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 6.5 3.6 5.8 7.2 10.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 696 465 522 172 173

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,389 3,295 2,915 2,783 475 512

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,676 2,609 2,331 2,231 346 377

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 79.2 80.0 80.2 72.8 73.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,594 2,522 2,259 2,163 335 359

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 76.5 77.5 77.7 70.7 70.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 87 72 68 10 18

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 4.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713 687 584 552 129 135

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,739 8,341 8,427 8,042 312 299

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,244 1,944 2,174 1,877 70 67

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 23.3 25.8 23.3 22.6 22.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,168 1,867 2,105 1,804 63 63

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.8 22.4 25.0 22.4 20.1 21.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 78 69 73 8 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.0 3.2 3.9 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,495 6,397 6,253 6,165 242 232

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,229 5,112 4,714 4,602 515 510

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,751 2,602 2,443 2,297 308 305

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.6 50.9 51.8 49.9 59.9 59.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,650 2,483 2,342 2,196 308 287

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 48.6 49.7 47.7 59.8 56.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 119 101 101 1 19

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.6 4.1 4.4 0.2 6.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,478 2,510 2,271 2,305 207 205

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221,746 224,658 97,897 99,680 123,849 124,978

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,783 147,061 72,844 74,491 71,939 72,570

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 65.5 74.4 74.7 58.1 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,877 140,801 69,223 71,234 68,654 69,566

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 62.7 70.7 71.5 55.4 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,906 6,260 3,621 3,256 3,285 3,003

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.3 5.0 4.4 4.6 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,963 77,598 25,053 25,189 51,910 52,408

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,591 30,170 222,156 224,371

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,672 6,023 151,667 153,428

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.2 20.0 68.3 68.4

Employed............................................................................. 4,985 5,423 144,781 146,962

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 16.8 18.0 65.2 65.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 687 600 6,886 6,466

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.1 10.0 4.5 4.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,918 24,147 70,489 70,942

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,422 2,623 75,968 76,913

Participation rate..................................................................... 31.3 33.9 81.8 82.2

Employed............................................................................. 2,101 2,353 72,357 73,493

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.2 30.4 77.9 78.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 322 270 3,611 3,421

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.3 10.3 4.8 4.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,308 5,106 16,863 16,629

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,297 2,313 67,718 68,243

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.6 28.4 70.5 70.8

Employed............................................................................. 1,996 2,052 64,706 65,477

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 24.8 25.2 67.4 67.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 301 261 3,013 2,766

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.1 11.3 4.4 4.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,745 5,833 28,305 28,205

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 952 1,087 7,981 8,272

Participation rate..................................................................... 6.9 7.6 24.0 24.1

Employed............................................................................. 888 1,018 7,719 7,992

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.4 7.1 23.2 23.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 64 69 262 280

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.8 6.3 3.3 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,865 13,208 25,320 26,108

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 40,353 41,898 19,729 20,306 20,624 21,592

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,665 27,384 15,474 15,842 11,191 11,542

Participation rate.................................................. 66.1 65.4 78.4 78.0 54.3 53.5

Employed.......................................................... 25,495 26,196 14,891 15,211 10,604 10,985

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.2 62.5 75.5 74.9 51.4 50.9

Unemployed....................................................... 1,170 1,188 583 632 586 557

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.4 4.3 3.8 4.0 5.2 4.8

Not in labor force.................................................... 13,688 14,514 4,254 4,464 9,433 10,050

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 211,394 212,643 101,848 102,692 109,546 109,950

Civilian labor force.................................................. 130,675 132,068 67,783 68,786 62,892 63,282

Participation rate.................................................. 61.8 62.1 66.6 67.0 57.4 57.6

Employed.......................................................... 124,271 126,190 64,251 65,553 60,020 60,637

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.8 59.3 63.1 63.8 54.8 55.1

Unemployed....................................................... 6,403 5,878 3,532 3,233 2,872 2,645

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.9 4.5 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,720 80,575 34,065 33,906 46,655 46,669

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,363 2,408 2,366 2,424 2,388 2,520 2,441 2,321 2,438

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,540 1,575 1,535 1,557 1,605 1,617 1,530 1,496 1,558

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 801 810 796 822 766 873 886 816 829

Unpaid family workers........................... 22 23 34 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 147,404 149,927 150,020 147,110 149,155 149,118 149,560 149,637 149,772

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 138,642 141,123 141,210 138,478 140,468 140,431 140,812 140,856 141,039

Government..................................... 21,140 20,746 21,114 21,088 20,430 20,670 20,798 20,654 20,932

Private industries............................... 117,501 120,377 120,096 117,368 119,988 119,736 120,046 120,142 120,087

Private households.......................... 736 757 717 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 116,766 119,620 119,380 116,626 119,250 118,982 119,293 119,390 119,358

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,692 8,748 8,757 8,593 8,660 8,621 8,574 8,715 8,696

Unpaid family workers........................... 70 57 53 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,967 5,648 5,518 6,085 5,940 6,053 5,894 5,889 5,669

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,468 3,321 3,391 3,536 3,642 3,727 3,618 3,505 3,505

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,194 2,085 1,853 2,221 1,981 1,929 1,969 2,118 1,909

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,094 21,265 22,084 20,171 20,717 20,523 20,688 20,691 21,018

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,855 5,567 5,411 5,970 5,846 5,931 5,790 5,789 5,562

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,396 3,269 3,327 3,469 3,566 3,641 3,536 3,440 3,444

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,183 2,079 1,832 2,208 1,965 1,911 1,956 2,100 1,883

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,721 20,930 21,757 19,783 20,337 20,185 20,333 20,369 20,656

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,766 152,335 152,385 149,444 151,517 151,614 151,968 151,925 152,085

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,520 4,800 4,778 4,729 4,961 5,056 5,050 4,976 5,013

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,518 1,659 1,590 1,559 1,811 1,829 1,843 1,667 1,671

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,002 3,141 3,187 3,142 3,149 3,225 3,189 3,283 3,326

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,246 147,535 147,608 144,714 146,556 146,558 146,918 146,949 147,072

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,965 13,895 14,024 13,920 13,865 14,139 14,006 13,886 13,985

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,281 133,640 133,584 130,837 132,756 132,464 132,869 133,133 133,174

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,303 98,806 98,751 96,960 98,042 97,870 98,204 98,444 98,435

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,019 34,015 34,056 32,814 33,812 33,947 33,989 33,914 33,909

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,474 31,758 31,870 31,361 31,627 31,404 31,557 31,601 31,744

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,810 33,034 32,824 32,785 32,602 32,520 32,658 32,929 32,782

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,978 34,834 34,833 33,877 34,714 34,594 34,666 34,690 34,739

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,142 80,966 80,763 79,182 80,548 80,674 80,755 80,722 80,843

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,231 2,429 2,359 2,358 2,500 2,531 2,560 2,490 2,501

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 743 716 781 869 895 852 752 766

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,485 1,685 1,642 1,571 1,627 1,631 1,710 1,727 1,731

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,911 78,538 78,405 76,823 78,048 78,143 78,195 78,233 78,343

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,020 7,105 7,171 7,026 7,120 7,238 7,185 7,123 7,195

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,892 71,433 71,233 69,767 70,987 70,913 70,968 71,149 71,172

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,982 52,815 52,760 51,862 52,395 52,401 52,497 52,620 52,672

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,829 18,273 18,254 17,732 18,197 18,238 18,232 18,208 18,199

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,883 17,126 17,187 16,829 17,048 16,996 16,968 17,033 17,134

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,270 17,416 17,319 17,302 17,149 17,167 17,298 17,379 17,339

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,910 18,618 18,473 17,905 18,592 18,512 18,471 18,529 18,501

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,624 71,369 71,622 70,262 70,969 70,940 71,213 71,202 71,242

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,289 2,372 2,419 2,371 2,461 2,525 2,490 2,486 2,512

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771 916 874 778 942 934 991 915 905

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517 1,456 1,545 1,571 1,522 1,594 1,478 1,556 1,595

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,335 68,997 69,203 67,891 68,508 68,415 68,723 68,716 68,730

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,946 6,790 6,852 6,894 6,745 6,901 6,820 6,763 6,790

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,390 62,207 62,351 61,070 61,768 61,551 61,902 61,984 62,001

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,321 45,991 45,990 45,098 45,646 45,469 45,707 45,824 45,763

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,191 15,741 15,802 15,082 15,614 15,709 15,757 15,706 15,710

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,591 14,632 14,683 14,533 14,579 14,408 14,589 14,567 14,610

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,540 15,618 15,505 15,483 15,453 15,352 15,360 15,550 15,443

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,069 16,216 16,361 15,972 16,122 16,082 16,195 16,161 16,238

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,952 45,445 45,294 44,816 45,532 45,478 45,678 45,347 45,252

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,503 35,608 35,653 35,185 35,316 35,350 35,493 35,406 35,332

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,702 10,034 9,935 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,897 124,588 123,960 122,099 123,892 124,301 124,296 124,193 124,202

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,870 27,747 28,425 27,332 27,595 27,207 27,637 27,727 27,845

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,596 8,050 8,107 7,414 7,361 7,562 7,863 7,776 7,837

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,692 5,704 5,898 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,493 9,558 9,553 9,415 9,426 9,495 9,461 9,532 9,525

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,924 7,787 7,400 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 875 922 897 15.6 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.6 15.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 322 407 374 17.1 15.3 16.7 17.3 19.6 18.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 565 513 558 15.2 15.9 15.2 15.2 13.5 14.4

20 years and over................................ 7,048 6,865 6,503 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,480 1,278 1,230 9.6 9.0 8.1 8.1 8.4 8.1

25 years and over.............................. 5,608 5,595 5,338 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.9

25 to 54 years............................... 4,311 4,286 4,064 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.0

25 to 34 years............................. 1,913 1,839 1,720 5.5 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.1 4.8

35 to 44 years............................. 1,289 1,287 1,169 3.9 3.5 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.6

45 to 54 years............................. 1,108 1,160 1,175 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5

55 years and over........................... 1,300 1,333 1,269 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,321 4,312 4,030 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 521 541 550 18.1 16.5 17.5 16.5 17.9 18.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 184 210 235 19.1 15.0 17.9 18.8 21.9 23.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 341 335 337 17.8 17.4 17.5 15.6 16.2 16.3

20 years and over................................ 3,800 3,771 3,480 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 887 775 723 11.2 10.1 9.3 9.2 9.8 9.1

25 years and over.............................. 2,936 3,004 2,816 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.8

25 to 54 years............................... 2,255 2,248 2,136 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.1 3.9

25 to 34 years............................. 1,049 999 929 5.6 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.9

35 to 44 years............................. 641 665 621 3.7 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.5

45 to 54 years............................. 565 585 586 3.2 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3

55 years and over........................... 682 755 680 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.5

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,603 3,475 3,370 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 355 381 347 13.0 14.8 13.7 15.0 13.3 12.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 138 197 138 15.1 15.6 15.5 15.9 17.7 13.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 224 178 221 12.5 14.2 12.8 14.8 10.3 12.2

20 years and over................................ 3,249 3,094 3,023 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 592 502 507 7.9 7.8 6.8 7.0 6.9 7.0

25 years and over.............................. 2,672 2,591 2,523 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9

25 to 54 years............................... 2,056 2,038 1,928 4.4 4.0 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.0

25 to 34 years............................. 865 841 791 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.1 4.8

35 to 44 years............................. 648 622 548 4.3 3.5 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.6

45 to 54 years............................. 543 575 589 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7

55 years and over........................... 599 570 572 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,246 1,320 1,264 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,107 1,091 991 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.7

Women who maintain families1

.................... 719 652 657 6.9 7.2 7.9 6.4 6.1 6.2

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 6,554 6,330 6,177 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.7

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,416 1,469 1,307 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.5

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,633 3,352 3,271 3,873 3,739 3,791 3,967 3,749 3,555

On temporary layoff.............................. 768 673 723 939 997 998 1,075 994 904

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,865 2,679 2,548 2,934 2,743 2,792 2,892 2,755 2,651

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,072 1,856 1,838 2,112 2,021 2,005 1,986 1,907 1,901

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 793 823 710 822 722 787 906 847 750

Job leavers........................................... 791 975 936 800 824 885 893 949 934

Reentrants............................................ 2,361 2,374 2,188 2,449 2,298 2,271 2,333 2,354 2,274

New entrants......................................... 788 746 671 847 826 861 805 793 729

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 48.0 45.0 46.3 48.6 48.6 48.6 49.6 47.8 47.5

On temporary layoff.............................. 10.1 9.0 10.2 11.8 13.0 12.8 13.4 12.7 12.1

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 37.8 36.0 36.1 36.8 35.7 35.8 36.2 35.1 35.4

Job leavers........................................... 10.4 13.1 13.3 10.0 10.7 11.3 11.2 12.1 12.5

Reentrants............................................ 31.2 31.9 31.0 30.7 29.9 29.1 29.2 30.0 30.4

New entrants......................................... 10.4 10.0 9.5 10.6 10.7 11.0 10.1 10.1 9.7

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................ 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,173 2,218 2,201 2,412 2,160 2,290 2,574 2,397 2,421

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,144 2,142 2,006 2,253 2,266 2,329 2,234 2,296 2,136

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,256 3,087 2,859 3,324 3,170 3,062 3,131 3,144 2,933

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,249 1,157 1,060 1,270 1,150 1,056 1,157 1,165 1,077

27 weeks and over............................... 2,007 1,930 1,799 2,054 2,020 2,006 1,974 1,979 1,856

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 29.1 27.9 27.1 27.9 28.1 27.6 27.5 27.2 26.3

Median duration, in weeks......................... 11.4 10.5 10.5 10.7 11.6 11.2 10.3 10.2 10.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 28.7 29.8 31.1 30.2 28.4 29.8 32.4 30.6 32.3

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 28.3 28.8 28.4 28.2 29.8 30.3 28.1 29.3 28.5

15 weeks and over.................................. 43.0 41.5 40.5 41.6 41.7 39.9 39.4 40.1 39.2

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 16.5 15.5 15.0 15.9 15.1 13.8 14.6 14.9 14.4

27 weeks and over............................... 26.5 25.9 25.5 25.7 26.6 26.1 24.9 25.2 24.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 149,766 152,385 7,573 7,066 4.8 4.4

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 58,667 59,707 1,276 1,382 2.1 2.3

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 24,101 25,051 513 592 2.1 2.3

Professional and related occupations.......................... 34,566 34,656 763 790 2.2 2.2

Service occupations................................................ 25,927 26,964 1,795 1,600 6.5 5.6

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,728 33,869 1,649 1,501 4.7 4.2

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,716 15,792 851 770 5.1 4.6

Office and administrative support occupations............... 18,012 18,077 798 732 4.2 3.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,971 14,144 932 866 6.3 5.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,057 1,041 169 146 13.8 12.3

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,892 8,091 578 562 6.8 6.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,021 5,012 185 158 3.5 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,475 17,701 1,115 1,018 6.0 5.4

Production occupations.......................................... 8,252 8,258 437 449 5.0 5.2

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,223 9,443 678 568 6.8 5.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,573 7,066 4.8 4.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,810 5,415 4.7 4.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 80 37 8.5 4.7

Construction.......................................................................... 536 517 6.2 5.7

Manufacturing........................................................................ 622 619 4.0 3.9

Durable goods..................................................................... 384 341 3.9 3.4

Nondurable goods................................................................ 238 278 4.1 4.7

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,013 915 5.0 4.4

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 271 209 4.3 3.2

Information............................................................................ 111 115 4.3 4.2

Financial activities................................................................... 251 273 2.6 2.8

Professional and business services............................................... 839 753 5.2 4.5

Education and health services..................................................... 734 716 3.2 3.1

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,005 1,011 7.4 7.1

Other services........................................................................ 348 249 5.3 3.8

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 170 156 10.2 9.6

Government workers................................................................... 472 449 2.2 2.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 332 376 3.4 3.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2015

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.8 4.7 4.4 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.6

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.2 5.0 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.8 5.7 5.6 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.8

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 9.6 9.2 9.0 9.9 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.5 9.3

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

Nov.

2015

Nov.

2016

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,407 95,089 38,319 38,370 56,088 56,719

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,326 5,524 2,599 2,636 2,726 2,889

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,717 1,932 947 1,020 770 912

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 594 591 389 393 205 198

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,123 1,341 558 627 565 714

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,596 8,107 3,693 3,816 3,902 4,290

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.1 5.3 4.7 4.7 5.5 6.0

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,055 4,362 2,149 2,369 1,906 1,992

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,107 2,287 720 739 1,388 1,548

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 233 270 166 141 67 130

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,169 1,136 641 538 527 598

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Change

from:

Oct.2016 -

Nov.2016p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,122 145,052 145,920 146,399 142,875 144,808 144,950 145,128 178

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,611 122,900 123,332 123,657 120,847 122,592 122,727 122,883 156

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,747 19,881 19,871 19,778 19,634 19,622 19,629 19,646 17

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776 688 691 692 771 682 680 682 2

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.7 50.8 51.0 50.4 50.3 49.2 49.3 49.1 -0.2

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723.8 637.3 639.9 641.2 720.4 632.3 631.0 633.1 2.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.8 171.8 171.9 173.7 185.0 172.3 172.3 173.4 1.1

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.5 184.4 184.5 185.2 192.4 181.5 181.8 183.1 1.3

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 52.8 53.6 54.3 62.0 52.9 53.4 53.7 0.3

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 38.5 38.5 38.6 39.9 38.7 38.8 38.7 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.9 93.1 92.4 92.3 90.6 89.9 89.6 90.7 1.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.5 281.1 283.5 282.3 343.0 278.5 276.9 276.6 -0.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,654 6,886 6,891 6,813 6,549 6,671 6,685 6,704 19

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,446.6 1,498.9 1,503.4 1,493.7 1,428.3 1,464.8 1,470.5 1,475.7 5.2

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712.9 754.4 756.5 754.5 702.2 735.1 738.1 743.0 4.9

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733.7 744.5 746.9 739.2 726.1 729.7 732.4 732.7 0.3

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 968.4 995.6 1,000.1 963.8 939.6 932.7 937.3 935.2 -2.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,239.4 4,391.9 4,387.0 4,355.7 4,180.9 4,273.1 4,277.4 4,292.9 15.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,842.7 1,937.6 1,929.9 1,923.1 1,821.1 1,882.9 1,886.0 1,900.7 14.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,396.7 2,454.3 2,457.1 2,432.6 2,359.8 2,390.2 2,391.4 2,392.2 0.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,317 12,307 12,289 12,273 12,314 12,269 12,264 12,260 -4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,732 7,670 7,669 7,661 7,733 7,663 7,662 7,656 -6

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.9 384.0 385.5 386.3 383.7 381.7 383.2 383.9 0.7

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.1 409.0 410.0 406.5 400.2 401.9 402.9 402.3 -0.6

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.5 372.6 373.5 373.9 385.9 373.0 373.6 373.6 0.0

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,441.7 1,419.5 1,421.1 1,419.0 1,444.4 1,420.6 1,420.4 1,418.8 -1.6

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,105.0 1,076.9 1,074.8 1,071.3 1,106.0 1,078.5 1,075.1 1,071.2 -3.9

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,039.8 1,032.5 1,030.7 1,032.4 1,041.4 1,034.2 1,033.3 1,034.2 0.9

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 154.8 161.9 161.5 161.6 155.5 162.4 162.7 162.9 0.2

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.3 83.9 83.8 84.2 86.2 84.2 84.0 84.0 0.0

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.0 357.3 355.8 356.5 366.3 358.1 356.7 356.8 0.1

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.7 394.5 394.5 395.1 398.6 394.6 394.8 395.7 0.9

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 34.9 35.1 35.0 34.8 35.0 35.0 34.8 -0.2

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 382.4 382.7 381.5 381.9 382.4 382.5 382.1 382.1 0.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,605.9 1,606.8 1,603.2 1,603.2 1,606.3 1,605.9 1,605.1 1,603.8 -1.3

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919.0 928.0 927.5 929.3 918.0 927.7 928.9 930.1 1.2

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.7 387.5 388.2 386.0 385.5 386.5 387.6 387.5 -0.1

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599.3 598.2 600.2 600.6 597.4 598.2 599.1 598.3 -0.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,585 4,637 4,620 4,612 4,581 4,606 4,602 4,604 2

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,513.2 1,558.4 1,552.2 1,543.6 1,511.3 1,535.5 1,538.4 1,540.0 1.6

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 111.6 111.8 112.1 115.3 112.2 112.2 112.0 -0.2

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.0 116.6 115.0 115.8 116.9 116.8 114.5 114.6 0.1

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.7 133.1 131.6 131.8 136.2 131.9 130.8 131.2 0.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.1 369.1 367.2 368.1 373.3 369.1 368.2 368.2 0.0

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 451.3 439.6 439.1 438.3 449.4 440.0 438.2 436.1 -2.1

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.4 117.1 117.3 115.6 116.8 115.5 114.8 114.9 0.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811.1 818.3 818.1 821.4 812.3 820.6 821.4 822.4 1.0

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686.4 690.7 685.6 684.5 687.8 689.7 687.9 685.7 -2.2

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.2 282.4 281.7 280.3 261.5 275.1 275.6 279.2 3.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,864 103,019 103,461 103,879 101,213 102,970 103,098 103,237 139

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,596 27,281 27,465 27,919 27,087 27,409 27,421 27,424 3

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,907.8 5,941.4 5,953.7 5,961.6 5,897.3 5,938.8 5,946.7 5,949.5 2.8

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,942.1 2,952.0 2,950.7 2,952.7 2,942.9 2,951.8 2,951.0 2,952.3 1.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,058.6 2,076.5 2,088.5 2,088.3 2,049.6 2,073.6 2,081.3 2,078.8 -2.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Change

from:

Oct.2016 -

Nov.2016p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.1 912.9 914.5 920.6 904.8 913.4 914.4 918.4 4.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,168.7 15,846.7 15,997.0 16,368.5 15,754.2 15,994.0 15,985.1 15,976.8 -8.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,964.2 2,011.6 2,013.0 2,016.6 1,965.7 2,005.6 2,011.4 2,017.3 5.9

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,265.4 1,298.4 1,302.6 1,304.8 1,263.9 1,295.8 1,300.6 1,303.7 3.1

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.2 153.9 150.8 147.5 149.4 151.1 151.2 151.2 0.0

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 553.6 559.3 559.6 564.3 552.4 558.6 559.6 562.4 2.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 485.1 479.3 487.4 498.6 469.5 485.3 482.5 483.6 1.1

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 555.8 518.5 517.6 534.6 527.2 525.5 513.7 509.5 -4.2

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,221.9 1,267.6 1,266.4 1,260.4 1,248.5 1,289.2 1,291.2 1,291.7 0.5

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,087.2 3,105.8 3,113.7 3,126.6 3,065.4 3,108.9 3,110.9 3,113.1 2.2

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,045.2 1,042.7 1,051.6 1,073.7 1,033.2 1,050.2 1,052.9 1,058.9 6.0

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912.6 937.3 934.4 924.7 911.3 930.4 930.6 924.7 -5.9

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,492.2 1,344.3 1,359.4 1,453.4 1,376.8 1,383.4 1,364.8 1,347.2 -17.6

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.1 611.9 619.3 673.8 627.3 623.1 622.1 621.7 -0.4

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,320.1 3,155.5 3,223.4 3,374.5 3,169.4 3,214.0 3,221.3 3,222.1 0.8

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,414.3 1,280.7 1,315.5 1,412.0 1,321.0 1,320.3 1,321.5 1,316.4 -5.1

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,905.8 1,874.8 1,907.9 1,962.5 1,848.3 1,893.7 1,899.8 1,905.7 5.9

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851.3 838.3 859.7 849.7 837.2 838.3 841.4 836.6 -4.8

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549.0 533.9 551.1 581.9 522.7 540.1 542.3 550.4 8.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,956.8 4,928.2 4,950.2 5,024.4 4,872.3 4,911.8 4,924.0 4,932.9 8.9

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460.1 471.8 470.6 468.1 461.2 470.7 470.6 469.6 -1.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.8 217.0 216.2 215.9 233.9 216.0 215.9 215.4 -0.5

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 62.6 61.7 60.1 61.9 62.0 61.6 61.3 -0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,469.6 1,478.3 1,485.9 1,479.9 1,460.3 1,462.1 1,468.9 1,470.0 1.1

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.5 476.3 481.9 480.1 472.4 465.5 465.4 465.5 0.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 47.7 47.6 47.7 49.8 47.9 47.7 47.6 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 25.8 36.3 30.4 25.3 30.5 30.1 29.7 29.9 0.2

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 659.3 654.5 657.4 657.0 656.1 654.0 653.1 653.7 0.6

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656.0 609.9 610.6 690.1 613.8 632.1 634.4 640.1 5.7

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851.8 873.8 887.9 900.2 832.4 871.4 876.7 879.8 3.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562.5 564.4 564.5 564.7 562.8 564.8 565.5 565.2 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,767 2,772 2,776 2,773 2,753 2,781 2,778 2,768 -10

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 726.1 726.9 725.9 726.2 724.2 726.5 724.6 724.1 -0.5

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.9 414.8 425.4 424.3 395.0 424.1 429.6 425.5 -4.1

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280.0 276.8 277.6 277.5 278.8 277.0 277.0 276.4 -0.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.4 790.9 782.3 783.8 806.6 791.2 783.3 781.3 -2.0

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.3 299.8 300.7 298.4 300.6 299.7 300.1 298.0 -2.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.9 263.0 264.4 263.2 248.1 262.8 263.7 262.9 -0.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,183 8,329 8,336 8,337 8,182 8,320 8,329 8,335 6

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,090.1 6,166.0 6,181.3 6,193.7 6,078.8 6,172.4 6,179.9 6,183.0 3.1

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 17.9 17.8 17.9 17.9 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.9 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,573.2 2,608.7 2,611.5 2,619.7 2,572.2 2,612.1 2,614.3 2,618.5 4.2

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,676.2 1,687.3 1,685.8 1,690.2 1,677.3 1,691.2 1,690.7 1,691.9 1.2

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,264.3 1,265.6 1,263.4 1,265.9 1,264.7 1,268.2 1,267.2 1,267.2 0.0

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 600.9 610.8 613.9 616.1 599.1 610.2 612.2 613.7 1.5

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 296.1 310.6 311.8 313.4 295.8 310.7 311.3 312.9 1.6

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 919.5 930.9 931.3 929.7 918.9 930.5 928.7 928.8 0.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,579.5 2,608.6 2,620.6 2,626.4 2,569.9 2,612.0 2,619.1 2,617.8 -1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,092.8 2,162.6 2,154.8 2,143.6 2,103.2 2,147.1 2,148.8 2,152.4 3.6

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,529.6 1,580.2 1,583.8 1,581.2 1,534.4 1,574.7 1,578.8 1,583.7 4.9

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539.3 559.2 547.5 538.9 545.0 549.1 546.7 545.4 -1.3

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.9 23.2 23.5 23.5 23.8 23.3 23.3 23.3 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Change

from:

Oct.2016 -

Nov.2016p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,081 20,451 20,601 20,669 19,921 20,381 20,429 20,492 63

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,737.7 8,900.0 8,990.5 9,041.0 8,742.2 8,991.6 9,016.5 9,040.2 23.7

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,126.4 1,121.1 1,127.3 1,127.3 1,123.8 1,124.9 1,125.1 1,124.6 -0.5

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 961.7 958.9 973.1 1,017.2 1,009.9 1,036.3 1,041.0 1,058.7 17.7

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,424.5 1,448.2 1,460.0 1,454.2 1,420.1 1,446.5 1,451.2 1,450.2 -1.0

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.0 143.1 146.0 144.6 138.8 144.3 144.1 143.3 -0.8

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,960.3 2,010.2 2,034.0 2,042.4 1,948.4 2,016.5 2,024.9 2,030.3 5.4

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,303.5 1,361.5 1,381.7 1,385.4 1,291.4 1,364.4 1,370.4 1,373.9 3.5

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660.7 671.9 676.2 681.7 661.7 676.3 678.8 682.1 3.3

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 493.0 496.9 498.9 495.0 491.0 497.0 495.8 493.1 -2.7

Other professional and technical services. . . 667.6 688.2 693.3 693.2 657.2 685.5 685.2 684.0 -1.2

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,245.3 2,278.9 2,277.9 2,283.0 2,244.6 2,277.2 2,280.1 2,282.1 2.0

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,098.3 9,272.5 9,332.2 9,345.0 8,933.9 9,112.0 9,132.3 9,170.0 37.7

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,696.5 8,859.2 8,918.6 8,930.2 8,531.9 8,701.8 8,719.8 8,755.7 35.9

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 478.2 497.3 500.9 504.2 478.2 497.8 500.2 502.7 2.5

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.9 144.4 144.4 144.0 143.8 144.2 143.9 144.0 0.1

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,713.9 3,715.8 3,762.6 3,796.6 3,587.7 3,630.7 3,639.4 3,660.7 21.3

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,033.4 3,027.0 3,072.6 3,098.5 2,919.2 2,953.7 2,961.0 2,975.3 14.3

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921.7 920.2 937.7 946.7 900.5 925.6 924.5 924.9 0.4

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.4 205.1 204.1 202.0 201.2 204.5 204.2 202.6 -1.6

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 884.0 904.2 906.9 910.3 872.8 896.7 898.2 899.8 1.6

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,038.4 2,142.0 2,129.5 2,096.6 2,029.9 2,074.8 2,081.2 2,089.3 8.1

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315.0 330.2 332.5 329.8 317.9 327.6 328.2 331.6 3.4

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401.8 413.3 413.6 414.8 402.0 410.2 412.5 414.3 1.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,569 22,738 23,050 23,145 22,315 22,808 22,852 22,896 44

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,674.9 3,519.9 3,725.6 3,761.3 3,485.6 3,559.0 3,565.5 3,574.7 9.2

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,893.7 19,217.8 19,324.2 19,383.2 18,829.3 19,249.3 19,286.7 19,321.4 34.7

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,310.9 15,610.7 15,676.9 15,717.1 15,267.0 15,618.5 15,645.6 15,674.0 28.4

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 6,995.2 7,170.9 7,223.9 7,249.9 6,967.5 7,182.5 7,199.3 7,221.5 22.2

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,573.3 2,622.5 2,638.6 2,648.1 2,564.2 2,626.6 2,630.3 2,637.7 7.4

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919.7 940.5 947.4 948.1 917.3 943.1 944.7 944.8 0.1

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 825.1 866.6 877.8 881.7 823.7 870.3 874.6 879.8 5.2

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759.0 788.5 793.5 801.6 757.4 789.9 793.9 799.2 5.3

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 260.9 257.8 260.7 259.5 261.1 259.2 260.6 260.0 -0.6

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,361.2 1,400.6 1,410.4 1,413.1 1,349.6 1,399.4 1,402.6 1,404.8 2.2

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.0 294.4 295.5 297.8 294.2 294.0 292.6 295.2 2.6

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,998.2 5,111.5 5,121.9 5,131.1 4,987.6 5,104.6 5,115.1 5,120.6 5.5

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,317.5 3,328.3 3,331.1 3,336.1 3,311.9 3,331.4 3,331.2 3,331.9 0.7

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,663.4 1,660.7 1,659.0 1,661.8 1,659.2 1,659.9 1,657.4 1,657.2 -0.2

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 610.2 612.8 613.2 614.6 609.3 613.1 613.9 614.0 0.1

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882.2 891.0 893.8 894.2 882.0 894.1 894.9 895.5 0.6

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 161.7 163.8 165.1 165.5 161.4 164.3 165.0 165.2 0.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,582.8 3,607.1 3,647.3 3,666.1 3,562.3 3,630.8 3,641.1 3,647.4 6.3

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,190.4 2,222.7 2,241.8 2,256.9 2,186.4 2,237.5 2,245.6 2,252.2 6.6

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 154.7 158.4 159.1 158.9 155.0 159.0 159.5 159.3 -0.2

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 334.1 332.1 333.6 332.2 334.6 333.5 334.5 333.2 -1.3

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903.6 893.9 912.8 918.1 886.2 900.8 901.5 902.7 1.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,034 15,748 15,518 15,327 15,307 15,556 15,571 15,600 29

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,045.7 2,293.9 2,185.4 2,086.2 2,196.0 2,225.6 2,232.4 2,242.6 10.2

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 448.7 492.2 469.0 450.0 460.9 465.8 465.0 466.6 1.6

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.4 159.7 159.3 151.8 152.2 158.1 158.2 157.3 -0.9

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,449.6 1,642.0 1,557.1 1,484.4 1,582.9 1,601.7 1,609.2 1,618.7 9.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,988.4 13,454.1 13,332.1 13,241.1 13,110.9 13,329.9 13,339.0 13,357.8 18.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Change

from:

Oct.2016 -

Nov.2016p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,866.0 1,970.5 1,913.1 1,866.0 1,926.4 1,930.0 1,926.3 1,926.2 -0.1

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,122.4 11,483.6 11,419.0 11,375.1 11,184.5 11,399.9 11,412.7 11,431.6 18.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,634 5,700 5,715 5,709 5,648 5,715 5,718 5,722 4

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,281.7 1,284.1 1,288.1 1,282.4 1,285.3 1,284.2 1,287.1 1,286.5 -0.6

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,412.2 1,446.4 1,447.7 1,450.6 1,413.6 1,446.4 1,448.1 1,451.9 3.8

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,940.5 2,969.8 2,979.0 2,976.4 2,948.6 2,984.1 2,982.9 2,984.0 1.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,511 22,152 22,588 22,742 22,028 22,216 22,223 22,245 22

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,755.0 2,805.0 2,802.0 2,806.0 2,758.0 2,800.0 2,808.0 2,811.0 3.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,156.3 2,194.3 2,191.9 2,193.8 2,159.8 2,186.9 2,194.8 2,197.9 3.1

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598.9 611.1 609.7 611.8 598.6 613.4 613.5 613.4 -0.1

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,294.0 5,165.0 5,270.0 5,299.0 5,110.0 5,120.0 5,112.0 5,117.0 5.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,628.0 2,492.3 2,604.8 2,632.5 2,435.6 2,447.2 2,440.1 2,441.7 1.6

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,666.1 2,673.0 2,664.7 2,666.9 2,674.8 2,673.1 2,672.3 2,674.9 2.6

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,462.0 14,182.0 14,516.0 14,637.0 14,160.0 14,296.0 14,303.0 14,317.0 14.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,165.7 7,766.7 8,124.6 8,218.4 7,814.8 7,875.2 7,871.7 7,870.3 -1.4

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,296.6 6,415.1 6,391.6 6,418.3 6,345.4 6,420.5 6,431.4 6,446.8 15.4

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 40.3 40.4 40.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.1 43.4 44.3 43.3

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 39.2 39.2 39.2

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.7 40.8 40.6

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.0 41.2 41.3 41.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.0 39.8 40.0 39.7

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.6 34.2 34.2 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.9 38.9 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.4 30.8 30.8 30.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.9 38.7 38.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.4 43.0 41.9

Information......................................................................... 36.1 35.8 36.0 35.8

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.5 37.3 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.1 36.1 36.0

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.2 26.2 26.2 26.2

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 31.9 32.0 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Total private............................................... $25.27 $25.81 $25.92 $25.89 $871.82 $887.86 $891.65 $890.62

Goods-producing....................................... 26.47 27.08 27.24 27.09 1,066.74 1,091.32 1,100.50 1,089.02

Mining and logging.................................. 31.75 31.92 32.22 31.76 1,400.18 1,385.33 1,427.35 1,375.21

Construction.......................................... 27.62 28.28 28.38 28.28 1,079.94 1,108.58 1,112.50 1,108.58

Manufacturing........................................ 25.52 26.17 26.35 26.19 1,038.66 1,065.12 1,075.08 1,063.31

Durable goods.................................... 26.80 27.42 27.63 27.43 1,098.80 1,129.70 1,141.12 1,127.37

Nondurable goods................................ 23.30 24.01 24.14 24.06 932.00 955.60 965.60 955.18

Private service-providing.............................. 24.99 25.51 25.62 25.61 834.67 849.48 853.15 852.81

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.02 22.46 22.55 22.56 761.89 768.13 771.21 773.81

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.81 29.70 29.76 29.76 1,120.71 1,155.33 1,157.66 1,157.66

Retail trade........................................ 17.69 17.90 17.96 18.01 555.47 551.32 553.17 556.51

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.07 23.48 23.56 23.65 897.42 913.37 911.77 917.62

Utilities............................................. 37.94 38.29 38.96 38.24 1,616.24 1,623.50 1,675.28 1,602.26

Information........................................... 35.79 36.95 37.36 37.27 1,292.02 1,322.81 1,344.96 1,334.27

Financial activities................................... 31.84 32.60 32.60 32.70 1,197.18 1,222.50 1,215.98 1,222.98

Professional and business services.............. 30.39 30.97 31.12 31.12 1,097.08 1,118.02 1,123.43 1,120.32

Education and health services..................... 25.49 25.83 25.92 25.87 836.07 849.81 852.77 851.12

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.47 15.02 15.07 15.06 379.11 393.52 394.83 394.57

Other services....................................... 22.68 23.01 23.15 23.12 723.49 734.02 740.80 737.53

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2016 -

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2016 -

Nov.

2016p

Total private..................................... 104.6 105.8 106.0 106.1 0.1 126.4 130.6 131.3 131.3 0.0

Goods-producing............................. 90.1 90.1 90.3 90.0 -0.3 107.8 110.3 111.2 110.2 -0.9

Mining and logging........................ 106.8 93.0 94.7 92.8 -2.0 136.2 119.2 122.5 118.3 -3.4

Construction................................ 88.3 90.1 90.3 90.6 0.3 105.9 110.8 111.4 111.3 -0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 90.2 89.8 90.0 89.5 -0.6 107.0 109.3 110.3 109.1 -1.1

Durable goods........................... 89.3 88.9 89.1 88.6 -0.6 106.2 108.2 109.3 107.9 -1.3

Nondurable goods...................... 91.4 91.5 91.9 91.2 -0.8 108.1 111.5 112.5 111.4 -1.0

Private service-providing.................... 108.8 110.3 110.5 110.6 0.1 132.1 136.8 137.5 137.6 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.9 101.9 102.0 102.3 0.3 120.8 123.2 123.8 124.2 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 100.1 100.8 100.9 101.0 0.1 120.3 124.9 125.4 125.4 0.0

Retail trade.............................. 100.5 100.1 100.0 100.3 0.3 117.5 118.4 118.7 119.4 0.6

Transportation and warehousing...... 108.5 109.4 109.1 109.5 0.4 127.0 130.3 130.4 131.5 0.8

Utilities.................................... 103.7 103.6 105.2 102.5 -2.6 130.0 131.1 135.4 129.5 -4.4

Information................................. 90.8 90.9 91.3 90.5 -0.9 115.7 119.6 121.5 120.1 -1.2

Financial activities......................... 100.8 102.2 101.7 102.1 0.4 125.1 129.9 129.4 130.2 0.6

Professional and business services..... 113.1 115.7 116.0 116.0 0.0 139.3 145.2 146.2 146.3 0.1

Education and health services........... 119.5 122.5 122.8 123.0 0.2 146.5 152.2 153.0 153.0 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 114.4 116.3 116.4 116.6 0.2 133.6 140.9 141.5 141.7 0.1

Other services............................. 103.9 105.1 105.5 105.2 -0.3 129.1 132.6 133.9 133.4 -0.4

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Total nonfarm............................................. 70,531 71,902 71,959 72,032 49.4 49.7 49.6 49.6

Total private............................................ 57,926 59,136 59,197 59,252 47.9 48.2 48.2 48.2

Goods-producing.................................... 4,279 4,301 4,304 4,309 21.8 21.9 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 109 100 100 100 14.1 14.7 14.7 14.7

Construction....................................... 815 834 839 839 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.5

Manufacturing..................................... 3,355 3,367 3,365 3,370 27.2 27.4 27.4 27.5

Durable goods.................................. 1,799 1,799 1,797 1,797 23.3 23.5 23.5 23.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,556 1,568 1,568 1,573 34.0 34.0 34.1 34.2

Private service-providing........................... 53,647 54,835 54,893 54,943 53.0 53.3 53.2 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,964 11,160 11,155 11,150 40.5 40.7 40.7 40.7

Wholesale trade................................ 1,735.2 1,754.3 1,754.8 1,752.3 29.4 29.5 29.5 29.5

Retail trade..................................... 7,932.6 8,075.7 8,068.4 8,062.6 50.4 50.5 50.5 50.5

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,161.4 1,198.8 1,200.3 1,203.2 23.8 24.4 24.4 24.4

Utilities........................................... 134.4 131.3 131.9 132.0 23.9 23.2 23.3 23.4

Information......................................... 1,105 1,114 1,116 1,109 40.1 40.1 40.2 40.1

Financial activities................................ 4,667 4,740 4,742 4,747 57.0 57.0 56.9 57.0

Professional and business services............ 8,875 9,159 9,164 9,170 44.6 44.9 44.9 44.7

Education and health services.................. 17,174 17,580 17,618 17,653 77.0 77.1 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,915 8,080 8,097 8,110 51.7 51.9 52.0 52.0

Other services..................................... 2,947 3,002 3,001 3,004 52.2 52.5 52.5 52.5

Government............................................. 12,605 12,766 12,762 12,780 57.2 57.5 57.4 57.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Total private............................................................................... 99,566 100,926 101,024 101,124

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,159 14,105 14,108 14,126

Mining and logging.................................................................. 559 475 475 480

Construction.......................................................................... 4,939 5,034 5,046 5,057

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,661 8,596 8,587 8,589

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,327 5,257 5,258 5,259

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,334 3,339 3,329 3,330

Private service-providing.............................................................. 85,407 86,821 86,916 86,998

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,777 23,007 23,017 23,005

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,726.7 4,754.1 4,760.2 4,763.4

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,371.6 13,550.6 13,543.6 13,514.3

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,227.3 4,247.6 4,257.8 4,272.0

Utilities.............................................................................. 450.9 454.3 455.2 455.3

Information............................................................................ 2,229 2,235 2,242 2,225

Financial activities................................................................... 6,334 6,458 6,467 6,478

Professional and business services............................................... 16,328 16,669 16,703 16,745

Education and health services..................................................... 19,575 20,014 20,053 20,086

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,467 13,690 13,691 13,713

Other services........................................................................ 4,697 4,748 4,743 4,746

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.6 33.6 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.6 45.7 45.8 45.6

Construction....................................................................... 39.8 39.8 39.6 39.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.7 41.8 42.0 41.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.1 42.2 42.4 42.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.2 41.1 41.3 41.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.3 32.4 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.7 33.4 33.5 33.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 38.7 38.8 38.7

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.1 29.6 29.7 29.6

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.8 38.6 38.6

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.6 43.3 42.0

Information......................................................................... 35.6 35.7 35.6 35.2

Financial activities................................................................ 37.1 36.9 36.8 36.8

Professional and business services............................................ 35.5 35.3 35.4 35.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 24.9 24.9 25.0

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.8 30.8 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Total private............................................... $21.23 $21.67 $21.71 $21.73 $715.45 $728.11 $729.46 $730.13

Goods-producing....................................... 22.16 22.75 22.80 22.80 912.99 937.30 939.36 939.36

Mining and logging.................................. 26.61 27.03 27.13 26.96 1,213.42 1,235.27 1,242.55 1,229.38

Construction.......................................... 25.43 26.21 26.24 26.24 1,012.11 1,043.16 1,039.10 1,044.35

Manufacturing........................................ 20.07 20.56 20.64 20.62 836.92 859.41 866.88 861.92

Durable goods.................................... 21.10 21.57 21.64 21.63 888.31 910.25 917.54 912.79

Nondurable goods................................ 18.39 18.93 19.02 18.99 757.67 778.02 785.53 780.49

Private service-providing.............................. 21.03 21.45 21.49 21.50 681.37 692.84 696.28 694.45

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.79 19.07 19.10 19.11 633.22 636.94 639.85 638.27

Wholesale trade.................................. 23.75 24.33 24.37 24.33 914.38 941.57 945.56 941.57

Retail trade........................................ 14.94 15.03 15.03 15.07 449.69 444.89 446.39 446.07

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.87 21.11 21.13 21.17 811.84 819.07 815.62 817.16

Utilities............................................. 34.66 35.42 35.86 35.35 1,476.52 1,508.89 1,552.74 1,484.70

Information........................................... 29.52 30.32 30.39 30.41 1,050.91 1,082.42 1,081.88 1,070.43

Financial activities................................... 25.61 26.31 26.33 26.26 950.13 970.84 968.94 966.37

Professional and business services.............. 25.05 25.59 25.63 25.69 889.28 903.33 907.30 906.86

Education and health services..................... 22.27 22.59 22.63 22.67 714.87 727.40 728.69 732.24

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.55 12.97 12.98 13.01 313.75 322.95 323.20 325.25

Other services....................................... 19.14 19.30 19.38 19.38 587.60 594.44 596.90 596.90

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2016 -

Nov.

2016p

Nov.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Nov.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2016 -

Nov.

2016p

Total private..................................... 111.8 113.0 113.1 113.2 0.1 158.6 163.6 164.1 164.4 0.2

Goods-producing............................. 89.1 88.8 88.8 88.9 0.1 121.0 123.7 124.0 124.2 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 135.5 115.4 115.6 116.3 0.6 209.6 181.3 182.4 182.4 0.0

Construction................................ 98.4 100.3 100.1 100.8 0.7 135.2 142.0 141.8 142.8 0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 82.9 82.5 82.8 82.4 -0.5 108.8 110.9 111.8 111.1 -0.6

Durable goods........................... 84.3 83.4 83.8 83.4 -0.5 111.0 112.3 113.2 112.6 -0.5

Nondurable goods...................... 80.9 80.9 81.0 80.6 -0.5 105.2 108.2 108.9 108.2 -0.6

Private service-providing.................... 117.8 119.4 119.9 119.7 -0.2 170.0 175.7 176.7 176.4 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 107.0 107.1 107.5 107.1 -0.4 143.4 145.7 146.5 146.0 -0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 107.2 108.3 108.8 108.6 -0.2 149.9 155.3 156.1 155.6 -0.3

Retail trade.............................. 101.9 101.5 101.8 101.3 -0.5 130.5 130.8 131.2 130.8 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 123.8 124.1 123.7 124.1 0.3 163.9 166.1 165.8 166.7 0.5

Utilities.................................... 98.2 99.0 100.8 97.8 -3.0 142.1 146.3 150.9 144.3 -4.4

Information................................. 90.6 91.1 91.1 89.4 -1.9 132.4 136.7 137.1 134.6 -1.8

Financial activities......................... 110.6 112.2 112.0 112.2 0.2 174.3 181.6 181.5 181.3 -0.1

Professional and business services..... 129.9 131.9 132.5 132.5 0.0 193.7 200.8 202.1 202.5 0.2

Education and health services........... 133.9 137.4 137.6 138.3 0.5 196.9 204.8 205.6 206.9 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 123.3 124.9 124.9 125.6 0.6 175.8 183.9 184.1 185.5 0.8

Other services............................. 101.1 102.6 102.5 102.5 0.0 141.0 144.2 144.7 144.8 0.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.