U.S.IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – FEBRUARY 2023

Prices for U.S. imports edged down 0.1 percent in February, after declining 0.4 percent in January, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower fuel prices in February more than offset higher nonfuel 

prices. U.S. export prices increased 0.2 percent in February following a 0.5-percent advance the previous 

month. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: February 2022 – February 2023

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports declined 0.1 percent in February. Prices for U.S. imports decreased each 

month since June 2022 with the exception of a 0.1-percent advance in December 2022. U.S. import prices 

declined 1.1 percent from February 2022 to February 2023, the first 12-month decrease since the index fell 

0.3 percent in December 2020 and the largest over-the-year drop since a 1.3-percent decline in September 

2020. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel fell 4.9 percent for the second consecutive month in February. Those 

are the largest monthly drops since September 2022 and import fuel prices have not risen on a 1-month basis 

since June 2022. Lower natural gas prices in February more than offset higher petroleum prices. Natural gas 

prices decreased 55.6 percent in February following a 10.3-percent advance in January and a 68.4-percent 

increase in December. In contrast, prices for import petroleum rose 1.5 percent in February. Import fuel 

prices declined 11.6 percent over the past year. The price index for import natural gas fell 16.4 percent for 

the year ended in February, and petroleum prices decreased 11.8 percent over the same period. 

1.8

2.9

0.5 0.5 0.2

-1.4 -1.2 -1.0 -0.3 -0.8

0.1

-0.4

-0.1

11.4

13.0 12.5

11.6 10.7

8.8

7.7

6.1

4.2

2.7 3.2

0.9

-1.1

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Feb'22 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb'23

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, March 16, 2023 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-23-0487
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices rose 0.4 percent in February following a 0.2-percent 

advance in January. Higher prices in February for consumer goods; foods, feeds, and beverages; capital 

goods; and automotive vehicles more than offset lower nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices. 

Prices for nonfuel imports advanced 0.2 percent from February 2022 to February 2023. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for import foods, feeds, and beverages increased 1.3 percent 

in February, after advancing 1.2-percent the previous month. In February, higher fruit prices more than 

offset lower vegetable prices. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials edged down 

0.1 percent in February following a 0.3-percent drop in January. The February decline was driven by lower 

chemical prices. 

Finished Goods: Import prices increased for each of the major finished goods categories in February. The 

price index for consumer goods increased 0.5 percent in February, led in part by higher prices for medicinal, 

dental, and pharmaceutical materials. The February increase in consumer goods prices was the largest 

monthly advance since December 2021. Capital goods prices rose 0.3 percent for the second consecutive 

month in February and those are the largest 1-month advances since May 2022. Prices for automotive 

vehicles increased 0.2 percent in February, after rising 0.3 percent the previous month. Both monthly 

advances were driven by higher parts prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: February 2022 – February 2023

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports advanced 0.2 percent in February, after rising 0.5 percent in January. Those are the 

first monthly increases in export prices since June 2022. Despite the recent advances, U.S. export prices 

declined 0.8 percent over the past 12 months, the first over-the-year decrease since the index fell 1.0 percent 

from November 2019 to November 2020. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 1.0 percent in February following 

declines of 0.9 percent in January and 2.4 percent in December. Higher prices in February for vegetables, 

soybeans, and corn more than offset declining meat prices. Agricultural export prices increased 3.3 percent 

over the past year, the smallest 12-month advance since October 2020. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices ticked up 0.1 percent in February, after 

rising 0.6 percent the previous month. Higher prices for capital goods and consumer goods more than offset 

lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials, automotive vehicles, and nonagricultural 

foods. Prices for nonagricultural exports declined 1.5 percent for the year ended in February, the first 12-

month drop since the index edged down 0.1 percent in December 2020 and the largest over-the-year

decrease since a 1.6-percent decline in November 2020. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials fell 0.5 percent in February following a 0.3-percent increase the previous month. The February 

decline was led by a 2.2-percent decrease in export fuel prices. 

Finished Goods: Export prices for the major finished goods categories were mostly up in February. Capital 

goods prices rose 0.6 percent, after advancing 0.8 percent in January. The February advance was driven by 

higher prices for semiconductors; transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles; and industrial and 

service machinery. Prices for export consumer goods rose 0.7 percent in February following a 1.1-percent 

increase the previous month. Higher prices for medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical materials contributed 

to the advance. The price index for automotive vehicles edged down 0.1 percent in February, after a 1.6-

percent increase in January. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 

www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm. 

3.2 3.9

1.0

2.7

1.1

-3.7

-1.4 -0.9 -0.5 -0.4

-3.0

0.5

0.2

16.8

18.4 18.2 18.6 18.6

12.9

11.2

9.8

7.2 6.1

4.5

2.2

-0.8

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

Feb'22 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb'23

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China were unchanged in February, after falling 

0.5 percent the previous month. Import prices from China have not recorded a monthly advance since 

October 2022. Prices for imports from China declined 0.4 percent over the past 12 months, the largest overthe-year decrease since July 2020. Import prices from Japan fell 0.5 percent in February following a 0.2-

percent rise the previous month. The February decline was the first monthly decrease since November 2022 

and the largest decline since June 2015. Despite the February drop, prices for imports from Japan rose 1.4 

percent over the past year. The price index for imports from Canada declined 4.4 percent in February, the 

largest 1-month drop since July 2022. Prices for imports from Canada decreased 10.3 percent over the past 

year, the largest 12-month decline since June 2020. In contrast, import prices from the European Union and 

Mexico both rose 0.4 percent in February. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China rose 1.2 percent in February following a 0.8-

percent advance in January. The February increase was the largest monthly rise since June 2022. Despite the 

recent advances, prices for exports to China fell 3.6 percent over the past year. The price index for exports 

to Japan increased 3.3 percent in February, the largest 1-month advance since March 2022. Export prices to 

Japan also rose for the year ended in February, increasing 0.6 percent. Prices for exports to Canada 

advanced 0.5 percent in February, after declining 0.5 percent the previous month. In contrast, export prices 

to the European Union fell 0.6 percent in February and prices for exports to Mexico decreased 0.8 percent. 

(See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China advanced 

1.2 percent for the second consecutive month in February. Despite the recent increases, U.S. terms of trade 

with China fell 3.2 percent over the past year. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 3.8 percent 

in February, after declining 0.5 percent the previous month. In February, both higher export prices to Japan 

and lower import prices from Japan contributed to the advance. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 0.9 

percent for the year ended in February. U.S. terms of trade with Canada increased 5.1 percent in February 

and 14.7 percent over the past 12 months. The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and 

Mexico fell in February, declining 1.0 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares advanced 2.1 percent in February following a 12.4-percent drop the 

previous month. Higher Latin American/Caribbean fares in February more than offset lower European and 

Asian fares. The index for import air passenger fares rose 18.6 percent for the year ended in February. 

Import air freight prices decreased 4.7 percent in February, after declining 11.8 percent in January. The 

February drop was driven by a 7.3-percent decrease in Asian air freight prices. Prices for import air freight 

fell 31.6 percent from February 2022 to February 2023. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 13.7 percent in February following a 12.4-percent increase in 

January. The February drop in export air passenger fares was the largest monthly decrease since the 1-

month percent change series was first published in January 2001. Lower Latin American/Caribbean, Asian, 

and European fares in February all contributed to the decline. Despite the February decrease, export air 

passenger fares rose 9.2 percent over the past year. Export air freight prices advanced 3.5 percent in 

February, the largest monthly increase since March 2022. Prices for export air freight rose 3.8 percent over 

the past 12 months. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for March 2023 are scheduled for release on Friday, April

14, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2022 to

February 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Jan.

20231

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 141.3 141.1 -1.1 -0.8 0.1 -0.4 -0.1

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.357 108.7 109.0 0.0 -0.6 0.4 0.1 0.3

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 91.708 125.5 125.0 0.2 -0.2 0.9 0.3 -0.4

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 90.405 128.1 128.6 0.2 -0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 7.048 211.7 214.5 2.0 1.8 0.6 1.2 1.3

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 5.601 232.9 236.4 3.9 2.6 0.7 1.2 1.5

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.446 162.2 163.3 -5.2 -1.3 0.1 1.5 0.7

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 25.573 255.4 250.6 -7.6 -2.9 -0.1 -2.1 -1.9

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 17.499 220.6 211.6 -5.5 -1.9 3.7 0.4 -4.1

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 15.992 234.5 234.2 -5.1 -2.3 1.2 -0.3 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 9.982 225.9 230.1 -4.8 -2.5 2.4 -0.2 1.9

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 7.298 216.2 190.4 -5.3 -0.8 5.9 1.3 -11.9

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 9.595 300.8 286.2 -11.6 -3.9 -2.3 -4.9 -4.9

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 8.292 296.8 301.3 -11.8 -4.7 -6.6 -6.7 1.5

Crude petroleum........................... 10000 4.988 290.0 295.6 -16.8 -4.6 -10.6 -2.9 1.9

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 1.173 489.4 242.9 -14.1 7.4 56.1 9.4 -50.4

Natural gas.................................. 10110 1.063 516.1 229.0 -16.4 9.3 68.4 10.3 -55.6

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.553 148.7 145.8 15.0 -2.2 0.4 -0.9 -2.0

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 5.442 208.3 200.8 -6.6 -1.9 -1.2 -0.5 -3.6

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.714 188.7 193.4 -17.7 -0.6 -2.5 -2.3 2.5

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 4.149 344.5 352.1 -5.4 -4.0 4.5 0.2 2.2

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 2.317 217.2 219.5 0.3 -2.5 3.1 0.4 1.1

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.802 127.3 129.3 3.6 0.1 -0.1 0.1 1.6

Capital goods................................... 2 27.564 93.6 93.9 2.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.692 128.9 129.0 3.0 0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.514 84.7 85.0 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 1.358 149.4 150.7 7.5 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.9

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 12.666 117.5 117.7 2.5 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 27.149 110.0 110.5 0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.665 124.9 125.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 13.499 95.5 95.7 0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 0.985 128.2 133.7 0.9 -0.6 0.2 -0.8 4.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2022 to

February 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Jan.

20231

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 151.4 151.7 -0.8 -0.4 -3.0 0.5 0.2

Agricultural commodities....................... 11.165 250.6 253.2 3.3 2.8 -2.4 -0.9 1.0

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 72.182 114.1 114.9 1.1 -0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7

All exports excluding fuels (June

2022=100)........................................ 82.442 99.4 100.1 – 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.7

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 88.835 143.8 143.9 -1.5 -0.9 -3.1 0.6 0.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 10.260 253.4 255.2 3.1 3.2 -2.7 -0.9 0.7

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 9.827 255.1 257.0 3.6 3.4 -2.8 -0.9 0.7

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.433 223.2 220.9 -9.6 -0.8 0.1 -0.2 -1.0

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 39.231 209.8 209.0 -6.5 -1.6 -6.5 0.2 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.880 214.6 216.8 -2.6 -0.8 2.2 0.8 1.0

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 28.351 205.0 203.0 -7.9 -1.8 -9.2 0.0 -1.0

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.308 231.2 238.6 1.5 -1.2 0.6 -0.8 3.2

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 37.922 209.2 208.1 -6.8 -1.6 -6.8 0.3 -0.5

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 17.558 263.7 257.9 -9.9 -2.7 -14.0 0.7 -2.2

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.542 196.8 198.6 -4.0 -0.3 0.8 -0.1 0.9

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.822 153.4 155.1 -3.7 -1.9 0.3 0.1 1.1

Capital goods................................... 2 29.993 119.9 120.6 3.2 -0.2 0.1 0.8 0.6

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.373 136.9 137.9 5.3 1.2 0.4 0.7 0.7

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.033 100.8 101.3 2.4 -0.4 0.0 0.7 0.5

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 4.587 201.8 204.3 5.5 0.2 0.1 1.6 1.2

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 8.062 124.0 123.9 4.9 0.0 0.2 1.6 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.454 117.9 118.7 2.9 -0.3 0.0 1.1 0.7

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.596 109.6 110.3 0.0 -0.4 0.3 0.8 0.6

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.645 117.8 117.9 5.6 -0.2 -0.2 1.6 0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.213 127.4 131.7 9.7 -0.7 -0.2 0.1 3.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: February 2022 to February

2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Jan.

20231

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.615 154.6 148.6 -11.2 -1.4 -2.3 -0.1 -3.9

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.176 218.2 227.0 2.3 5.4 1.8 1.6 4.0

Crop production............................... 111 1.770 230.8 237.6 1.4 6.6 1.4 1.6 2.9

Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)........ 112 0.243 104.1 117.4 – – – 4.1 12.8

Mining............................................ 21 6.439 151.7 141.9 -15.3 -3.4 -3.5 -0.8 -6.5

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 6.175 150.6 139.4 -16.6 -3.6 -3.5 -1.1 -7.4

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec.

2022=100)................................... 212 0.264 106.8 123.5 – – – 6.8 15.6

Manufacturing..................................... 91.005 123.0 123.2 -0.1 -0.7 0.3 -0.4 0.2

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.294 138.6 139.1 1.7 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.180 187.2 188.8 2.4 -0.5 0.0 0.6 0.9

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.145 137.3 138.4 4.1 0.1 0.4 1.6 0.8

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.193 119.4 119.2 2.9 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.357 126.8 126.4 -0.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 20.175 146.5 145.4 -4.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.9 -0.8

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.995 127.1 125.9 6.8 -1.7 0.2 -0.6 -0.9

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 3.106 145.0 146.0 2.7 -4.4 -0.4 -12.5 0.7

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 11.343 155.3 152.2 -4.9 -1.0 -0.9 0.7 -2.0

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.585 132.2 133.7 2.8 -0.4 -0.2 -0.7 1.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.045 143.1 143.5 2.7 -0.3 0.4 0.8 0.3

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.537 113.0 113.5 1.2 -0.5 0.7 0.1 0.4

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.957 233.1 237.7 -2.8 -4.1 4.3 0.0 2.0

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.307 149.7 149.6 0.3 -0.1 0.8 -0.6 -0.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.576 130.4 131.2 4.4 0.0 0.5 1.6 0.6

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.832 73.7 73.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.5 0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.871 126.5 126.9 1.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.3

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 12.863 116.4 116.7 2.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 2.009 130.0 130.3 3.2 -0.1 0.5 0.5 0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 6.122 126.6 127.1 2.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: February 2022 to February

2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Jan.

20231

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 15.968 194.2 191.0 -11.6 -0.4 -7.6 -2.5 -1.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.728 220.6 224.7 0.0 4.8 -3.4 -1.6 1.9

Crop production............................... 111 5.459 234.7 239.1 0.7 4.9 -3.6 -1.8 1.9

Mining............................................ 21 10.240 119.6 115.2 -17.6 -3.0 -9.9 -3.0 -3.7

Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100). .. 211 8.785 105.9 101.1 -19.8 -3.6 -11.4 -3.7 -4.5

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.454 150.8 153.1 -0.7 1.9 3.3 1.8 1.5

Manufacturing..................................... 82.363 134.6 135.2 1.6 -0.5 -2.2 0.8 0.4

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.936 176.2 176.6 4.0 0.2 -1.5 -0.3 0.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 5.140 208.1 208.2 4.4 0.2 -2.0 -0.6 0.0

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.529 145.5 149.4 7.6 1.4 0.7 -0.2 2.7

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 26.347 140.0 140.4 -1.5 -0.8 -6.6 1.2 0.3

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.405 117.4 118.1 -13.2 -3.6 -2.2 0.6 0.6

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.688 160.2 160.1 12.4 1.7 -0.7 1.8 -0.1

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 7.001 163.1 163.2 0.9 -1.8 -19.8 5.2 0.1

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 14.048 133.2 133.9 -4.8 -0.6 -0.5 -0.7 0.5

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.256 134.3 133.5 4.5 0.2 1.3 1.0 -0.6

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.758 133.0 134.8 4.6 -0.8 3.1 -0.1 1.4

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 49.079 127.8 128.6 3.0 -0.4 0.3 0.8 0.6

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.283 206.3 210.1 -5.8 -2.4 2.4 -1.3 1.8

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.205 146.9 147.2 6.1 0.1 0.2 1.9 0.2

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 12.677 83.8 84.3 0.2 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.6

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.497 135.1 135.9 5.8 1.0 0.4 1.2 0.6

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 11.727 141.5 142.2 5.3 0.1 0.2 1.6 0.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.719 134.6 135.9 5.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 1.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2022 to

February 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Jan.

20231

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.500 227.9 237.0 -2.2 -1.8 -0.6 1.1 4.0

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.369 295.9 295.9 -15.8 -2.8 -3.1 -2.1 0.0

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.823 160.1 162.2 -5.4 -1.8 0.3 2.3 1.3

Vegetable products............................... II 2.215 256.4 262.4 2.3 3.5 2.8 1.1 2.3

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.566 511.0 477.0 8.9 2.0 0.1 3.3 -6.7

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.784 125.5 131.2 -4.4 14.7 4.9 -0.6 4.5

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.380 296.1 311.4 0.1 -7.8 -2.1 4.0 5.2

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.398 154.5 150.7 -1.4 0.7 -1.4 1.7 -2.5

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.300 192.7 193.9 5.9 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.6

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2021=100)..................................... 17 0.202 109.2 111.0 8.6 -0.5 -0.3 1.8 1.6

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.227 113.3 113.3 9.6 8.5 1.0 1.2 0.0

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 21 0.398 100.0 100.0 – – – 0.0 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.079 150.5 151.7 4.2 0.3 0.1 1.8 0.8

Mineral products.................................. V 9.699 307.6 294.8 -10.7 -3.6 -2.4 -4.9 -4.2

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 9.364 301.0 286.3 -11.7 -3.9 -2.5 -5.2 -4.9

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.696 175.4 174.2 -2.1 -0.5 -0.4 0.9 -0.7

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.655 553.2 538.2 1.2 0.4 -0.8 1.1 -2.7

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.354 146.2 146.9 -1.3 -1.2 0.3 1.7 0.5

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.095 146.9 148.0 -1.9 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.7

Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100).................... 31 0.521 99.7 73.3 – – – -0.3 -26.5

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)............. 32 0.198 100.7 103.2 – – – 0.7 2.5

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.822 122.1 122.9 5.1 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.7

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.075 156.1 156.8 -1.8 -1.4 -0.2 -0.9 0.4

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.670 156.7 156.8 -4.7 -2.0 -0.3 -1.5 0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.405 158.0 160.0 4.9 -0.3 0.0 0.1 1.3

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 0.992 133.5 132.0 5.3 -2.1 0.1 -0.7 -1.1

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.398 120.8 120.7 0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.209 127.6 127.6 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.192 126.6 126.2 0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 0.945 123.4 122.9 -0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.5 -0.4

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.913 135.7 136.6 2.6 -0.3 0.1 1.2 0.7

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2020=100).................... 68 0.335 100.9 101.8 1.4 0.0 -0.6 -0.8 0.9

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)....... 70 0.309 102.6 103.2 2.3 -0.5 -0.6 2.3 0.6

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.350 237.5 239.1 0.4 -3.7 4.9 2.0 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2022 to

February 2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Jan.

20231

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 6.288 236.7 239.2 -2.0 -1.6 1.5 -0.2 1.1

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.864 205.8 206.2 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.9 0.2

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.531 377.7 403.3 -3.9 2.7 6.8 -0.7 6.8

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.072 194.0 198.6 -3.6 -1.7 5.5 0.6 2.4

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.438 131.1 131.6 3.1 -0.3 0.3 1.1 0.4

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.554 151.5 150.2 1.9 0.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.9

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.765 82.8 83.1 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.207 90.0 90.5 2.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.558 76.1 76.1 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 10.756 121.4 121.6 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 10.137 120.5 120.6 2.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 88 0.510 107.9 108.0 6.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.046 106.2 106.6 2.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.762 101.9 102.2 2.2 0.3 0.4 -0.1 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.806 120.3 120.8 2.7 -0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.756 128.7 129.0 2.1 -0.1 0.4 0.5 0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.769 106.3 106.3 3.2 -0.7 0.8 -0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.281 139.1 146.4 6.8 1.4 0.1 0.7 5.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2022 to

February 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Jan.

20231

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 2.149 273.8 270.6 -3.7 -0.4 -2.0 -0.3 -1.2

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.230 211.1 208.6 -9.3 -1.6 -4.2 -0.3 -1.2

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100).............. 03 0.280 99.4 98.1 – – – -0.6 -1.3

Vegetable products............................... II 5.436 289.9 295.6 3.1 5.6 -4.0 -1.3 2.0

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.811 137.4 137.0 -4.6 4.3 1.6 -1.2 -0.3

Cereals............................................ 10 2.022 333.0 337.0 6.9 3.3 -8.4 1.3 1.2

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 2.122 315.4 319.6 1.6 5.2 -3.0 2.3 1.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.012 187.8 187.4 6.1 1.0 -1.4 0.1 -0.2

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.646 113.6 115.3 9.5 -0.4 0.9 2.8 1.5

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.463 108.4 108.7 -1.1 -0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.815 324.3 321.3 2.9 3.1 -5.5 -4.1 -0.9

Mineral products.................................. V 17.352 315.9 308.8 -11.0 -2.6 -13.9 0.2 -2.2

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.514 138.6 143.9 -2.0 1.9 6.4 7.8 3.8

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 16.620 303.1 295.7 -11.5 -2.7 -14.5 -0.1 -2.4

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 12.627 161.9 163.1 1.0 -0.7 -0.3 -0.8 0.7

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.344 106.8 107.4 -0.6 -0.7 0.4 1.2 0.6

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.842 145.9 147.4 5.6 -0.1 -0.1 3.4 1.0

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.469 136.1 136.3 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.228 188.2 188.8 -0.8 -0.8 0.3 2.2 0.3

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.533 158.9 159.1 -7.8 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 3.750 156.4 156.6 -9.5 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.783 168.4 168.7 2.3 0.0 1.1 -0.1 0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.485 112.2 112.9 -14.9 -3.7 -1.6 0.1 0.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.818 156.9 158.9 6.6 2.2 -0.7 2.8 1.3

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.579 175.6 182.8 6.2 5.9 -3.3 4.4 4.1

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.006 153.7 153.1 8.8 0.2 1.1 2.6 -0.4

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.610 176.7 188.6 -1.6 -4.8 0.7 -2.3 6.7

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.736 147.4 149.0 4.4 -0.2 1.4 0.0 1.1

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.456 113.2 113.2 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.622 320.6 324.5 -0.3 -2.3 2.9 0.9 1.2

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.417 208.9 212.0 -4.0 0.1 1.2 -0.3 1.5

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.580 261.0 274.2 -3.4 0.2 3.2 3.5 5.1

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.682 148.8 151.3 -4.5 -0.7 2.0 2.1 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2022 to

February 2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Jan.

20231

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 83 0.310 100.5 99.0 – – – 0.5 -1.5

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 25.397 105.8 106.4 3.9 -0.2 0.0 1.2 0.6

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.557 127.6 128.1 4.7 -0.2 0.1 1.8 0.4

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 10.840 82.7 83.4 2.8 0.0 -0.1 0.4 0.8

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 8.926 149.7 150.1 4.2 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.3

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 6.770 125.4 125.2 3.5 0.0 0.3 0.6 -0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.402 114.5 114.6 1.4 -0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.196 136.3 136.6 10.3 -0.4 0.1 1.5 0.2

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi.......................... 94 0.572 149.5 149.5 4.5 -1.1 0.0 0.5 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.482 117.6 117.9 19.2 -0.1 0.5 3.1 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: February 2022 to February 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Jan.

20231

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 147.0 144.9 -3.0 -1.5 0.6 0.1 -1.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.596 264.5 237.5 -20.7 -4.1 -1.7 0.0 -10.2

Manufacturing................................ 87.795 137.5 137.2 -0.1 -1.0 0.9 0.0 -0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 181.5 173.6 -10.3 -1.8 -2.0 0.1 -4.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 31.948 262.3 233.3 -21.8 -4.2 -1.8 0.1 -11.1

Manufacturing................................ 67.089 163.3 161.6 -4.0 -0.5 -2.0 -0.2 -1.0

European Union............................... 100.000 154.3 154.9 3.2 -1.1 1.4 0.8 0.4

Manufacturing................................ 99.136 150.0 150.6 3.6 -1.1 1.4 0.9 0.4

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 145.0 145.9 3.5 -0.4 0.1 1.9 0.6

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 126.5 127.4 5.1 -0.2 0.3 0.3 0.7

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 137.2 135.8 1.2 -1.9 2.0 1.7 -1.0

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 168.6 169.8 1.2 0.0 -1.2 0.2 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.801 316.1 323.1 -5.2 1.0 -5.2 -1.9 2.2

Manufacturing................................ 85.863 136.7 137.4 2.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.5 0.5

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 141.8 142.3 1.5 -0.1 -0.4 0.5 0.4

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.063 151.1 153.4 -13.9 -0.9 -5.8 -0.3 1.5

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.604 97.8 98.0 3.5 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.2

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 104.1 104.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 103.8 103.8 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.5 0.0

Japan............................................ 100.000 101.3 100.8 1.4 -0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.5

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 110.5 109.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -1.0

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 96.4 96.3 -1.1 -0.2 -1.3 -0.9 -0.1

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 103.6 103.6 0.7 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.0

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 221.7 219.3 -4.2 -1.4 -5.6 -1.6 -1.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: February 2022 to February

2023

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Jan.

20231

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 120.2 120.6 0.6 -0.7 -1.1 0.4 0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.251 146.4 145.5 -9.0 -1.4 -5.7 1.0 -0.6

Manufacturing................................ 84.821 117.2 117.8 2.5 -0.6 -0.3 0.3 0.5

Canada.......................................... 100.000 128.2 128.8 2.8 -0.5 -0.1 -0.5 0.5

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100). . . . .. 7.903 138.8 138.4 -16.5 2.0 1.0 -15.1 -0.3

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)........... 90.462 119.8 120.3 5.1 -0.8 -0.3 0.9 0.4

European Union............................... 100.000 117.6 116.9 -0.8 -0.4 -1.6 0.4 -0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 15.859 141.0 141.6 -8.3 -1.7 -5.1 1.4 0.4

Manufacturing................................ 82.125 113.1 112.4 1.2 -0.3 -1.0 0.2 -0.6

Germany........................................ 100.000 116.0 115.1 4.3 -0.3 0.1 2.2 -0.8

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 127.8 126.6 -3.9 -1.2 -6.3 0.6 -0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.701 168.7 153.0 -25.7 -7.1 -4.0 -9.3 -9.3

Manufacturing................................ 88.733 124.8 124.8 -0.6 -0.4 -6.7 2.0 0.0

Mexico........................................... 100.000 126.8 125.8 -3.9 -2.1 -4.1 0.6 -0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.821 152.9 133.5 -30.5 -11.7 0.2 -12.4 -12.7

Manufacturing................................ 89.607 125.5 126.2 -0.2 -0.8 -4.7 2.3 0.6

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 115.8 116.5 -1.9 -0.1 -2.6 0.3 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 22.419 130.7 131.6 -11.4 0.1 -9.3 1.2 0.7

Manufacturing................................ 76.195 113.4 114.4 2.9 -0.1 -0.4 0.3 0.9

China............................................ 100.000 111.1 112.4 -3.6 -0.3 -2.7 0.8 1.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 28.669 116.8 117.9 -12.1 -0.3 -7.5 1.9 0.9

Manufacturing................................ 70.219 111.4 112.6 1.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.4 1.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 117.8 121.7 0.6 1.0 -2.9 -0.3 3.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 26.328 139.0 138.9 -12.5 -0.7 -12.8 0.6 -0.1

Manufacturing................................ 71.880 111.0 116.6 7.3 1.9 1.6 -0.9 5.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: February 2022 to February 20231

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 100.1 101.9 3.8 0.7 -1.7 0.4 1.8

Canada.................................................. 92.8 97.5 14.7 1.3 2.0 -0.6 5.1

European Union...................................... 102.6 101.6 -3.8 0.8 -2.9 -0.4 -1.0

Germany................................................ 105.5 104.0 -0.8 -0.1 -0.2 1.8 -1.4

Latin America3

........................................ 112.9 111.0 -5.0 -1.2 -5.2 0.4 -1.7

Mexico.................................................. 115.4 114.0 -5.3 -2.0 -3.8 0.2 -1.2

Pacific Rim4............................................ 109.5 110.2 -1.9 0.0 -2.5 0.5 0.6

China.................................................... 107.1 108.4 -3.2 -0.2 -2.6 1.2 1.2

Japan.................................................... 111.1 115.3 -0.9 1.1 -3.0 -0.5 3.8

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: February

2022 to February 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Jan.

20231

Index Percent change

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Annual Monthly

Feb.

2022 to

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2022 to

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2022 to

Dec.

2022

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 251.3 239.4 -31.6 -8.7 10.1 -11.8 -4.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 33.186 272.5 270.8 -7.9 3.5 3.0 3.3 -0.6

Asia.................................................. 66.344 221.6 205.5 -40.8 -13.1 13.3 -18.7 -7.3

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 198.0 205.0 3.8 -2.9 1.9 1.4 3.5

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 26.177 160.7 152.8 -9.8 -2.4 9.3 0.3 -4.9

Asia (Dec. 2011=100).............................. 52.275 153.4 164.8 9.0 -4.5 -2.6 1.4 7.4

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 190.3 184.4 -31.9 -8.2 0.7 -2.8 -3.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 30.612 187.1 186.4 -8.8 1.4 1.5 7.3 -0.4

Asia.................................................. 57.500 167.6 158.8 -42.6 -13.5 0.9 -8.8 -5.3

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 193.8 214.6 4.6 -14.4 4.3 -4.8 10.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 29.952 194.1 197.5 2.9 -1.7 1.8 -0.4 1.8

Asia.................................................. 53.339 207.4 245.7 9.2 -21.9 8.0 -9.4 18.5

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 173.5 177.2 18.6 -0.6 5.9 -12.4 2.1

Europe............................................... 45.790 196.5 190.8 15.1 -5.7 -2.1 1.0 -2.9

Asia.................................................. 5.771 170.7 170.4 8.8 -3.9 12.9 -17.2 -0.2

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 15.944 152.1 167.8 52.8 9.6 14.7 -21.6 10.3

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 207.6 179.2 9.2 0.3 -3.3 12.4 -13.7

Europe............................................... 18.323 222.1 210.3 9.0 -2.4 -4.4 6.5 -5.3

Asia.................................................. 12.131 229.9 196.8 -7.6 6.9 -6.5 13.3 -14.4

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 57.168 221.4 180.8 34.3 -0.1 -1.7 17.2 -18.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.