2

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-0448

http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release

http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, April 4, 2008.

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MARCH 2008

The unemployment rate rose from 4.8 to 5.1 percent in March, and nonfarm payroll employment

continued to trend down (-80,000), the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor

reported today. Over the past 3 months, payroll employment has declined by 232,000. In March,

employment continued to fall in construction, manufacturing, and employment services, while health care,

food services, and mining added jobs. Average hourly earnings rose by 5 cents, or 0.3 percent, over the

month.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

The number of unemployed persons increased by 434,000 to 7.8 million in March, and the unemployment rate rose by 0.3 percentage point to 5.1 percent. Since March 2007, the number of unemployed

persons has increased by 1.1 million, and the unemployment rate has risen by 0.7 percentage point. (See

table A-1.)

Over the month, unemployment rates rose for adult men (to 4.6 percent), adult women (4.6 percent),

and Hispanics (6.9 percent). The jobless rates edged up for blacks (to 9.0 percent) and whites (4.5 percent), while the rate for teenagers (15.8 percent) was essentially unchanged. The unemployment rate for

Asians was 3.6 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

In March, the number of persons unemployed because they lost jobs increased by 300,000 to 4.2

million. Over the past 12 months, the number of unemployed job losers has increased by 914,000. (See

table A-8.)

Percent Millions

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

April 2005 – March 2008

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

April 2005 – March 2008

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

2006 2007 2008

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

136.0

138.0

140.0

2006 2007 2008

News

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

United States

Department 

of Labor
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Civilian labor force ............................... 153,667 153,661 153,824 153,374 153,784 410

Employment ..................................... 146,291 146,070 146,248 145,993 145,969 -24

Unemployment .................................. 7,375 7,591 7,576 7,381 7,815 434

Not in labor force .................................. 79,270 79,146 78,792 79,436 79,211 -225

All workers ......................................... 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.1 0.3

Adult men ........................................ 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6 .3

Adult women .................................. 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.6 .4

Teenagers ........................................ 16.4 16.8 18.0 16.6 15.8 -.8

White ............................................... 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.5 .2

Black or African American 

................... 8.6 8.8 9.2 8.3 9.0 .7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ................. 5.9 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.9 .7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 

Nonfarm employment ............................ 138,031 p 137,925 138,002 p 137,926 p 137,846 p -80

Goods-producing 1.............................. 22,042 p 21,821 21,907 p 21,825 p 21,732 p -93

Construction .................................... 7,521 p 7,384 7,426 p 7,389 p 7,338 p -51

Manufacturing ............................... 13,788 p 13,690 13,737 p 13,691 p 13,643 p -48

Service-providing 1 ............................. 115,989 p 116,103 116,095 p 116,101 p 116,114 p 13

 Retail trade 2 ................................. 15,490 p 15,437 15,472 p 15,426 p 15,413 p -12

Professional and business service ........... 18,093 p 18,069 18,101 p 18,071 p 18,036 p -35

Education and health services ............... 18,527 p 18,658 18,617 p 18,657 p 18,699 p 42

Leisure and hospitality ...................... 13,622 p 13,663 13,644 p 13,664 p 13,682 p 18

Government .................................... 22,291 p 22,364 22,336 p 22,369 p 22,387 p 18

Total private ....................................... 33.8 p 33.7 33.7 p 33.7 p 33.8 p 0.1

Manufacturing .................................. 41.2 p 41.2 41.1 p 41.2 p 41.3 p .1

 Overtime ....................................... 4.1 p 4.0 4.0 p 4.0 p 4.1 p .1

Total private ........................................ 107.7 p 107.4 107.4 p 107.3 p 107.5 p 0.2

Average hourly earnings, total private ......... $17.64 p $17.81 $17.75 p $17.81 p $17.86 p $0.05

Average weekly earnings, total private ....... 596.34 p 600.68 598.18 p 600.20 p 603.67 p 3.47

IV 2007 I 2008 Jan. 2008 Feb. 2008 Mar. 2008

p = preliminary.

Feb.-Mar. 

change

Hours of work 3

1

 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data.

3

 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.

Category

Quarterly averages Monthly data

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3

Earnings 3

 Employment

Labor force status

Unemployment rates 
3

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

The civilian labor force rose to 153.8 million over the month, offsetting a decline in the prior month.

The labor force participation rate was 66.0 percent in March and has remained at or near that level since

last spring. Total employment held at 146.0 million. The employment-population ratio was little changed

over the month at 62.6 percent. The ratio was down from its most recent peak of 63.4 percent in

December 2006. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons, at 4.9 million in March, was little

changed over the month, but has risen by 629,000 over the past 12 months. This category includes persons

who indicated that they were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were

unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in March.

These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12

months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks

preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 401,000 discouraged workers in March,

about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers are defined as persons not currently looking for

work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 951,000 persons classified as marginally attached to the labor force in March cited reasons such as school attendance or family

responsibilities. (See table A-13.)

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend down in March (-80,000), and has fallen by

232,000 over the past 3 months. In March, job losses occurred in construction, manufacturing, and employment services. Employment in health care, food services, and mining remained on an upward trend.

(See table B-1.)

Employment in construction declined by 51,000 in March and has fallen by 394,000 since its peak in

September 2006. Most of the March decrease in employment occurred among specialty trade contractors

(-42,000), with both residential and nonresidential contractors contributing to the decline.

Manufacturing employment fell by 48,000 in March and by 310,000 over the past 12 months. Employment in motor vehicles and parts was down by 24,000 over the month, largely reflecting the impact

of a strike in auto parts manufacturing. The strike resulted in a parts shortage that led to plant shutdowns

elsewhere in the auto industry. During the 12 months ending in February, the motor vehicle and parts

industry lost an average of 6,000 jobs per month. In March, factory employment also fell in several

construction-related industries, including wood products (-5,000), nonmetallic mineral products (-5,000),

and furniture and related products (-5,000). Plastics and rubber products and textile mills also lost jobs

over the month.

Professional and business services employment edged down in March (-35,000). The number of jobs in

the employment services component declined by 42,000 over the month; about half of the decline occurred in

the temporary help services industry. Employment services has lost 210,000 jobs since its most recent peak

in August 2006. In March, employment in professional and technical services showed little change for the

third month in a row. This industry had added an average of 27,000 jobs per month in 2007.
4

In March, employment in retail trade was little changed. Job losses continued in building material

and garden supply stores (-9,000), furniture and home furnishings stores (-5,000), and department stores

(-5,000). Over the past 12 months, retail trade has lost 107,000 jobs.

Employment in financial activities changed little in March. Credit intermediation employment edged down

over the month and has fallen by 120,000 since its most recent peak in October 2006.

Health care employment continued to expand in March, rising by 23,000. Hospitals added 14,000 jobs.

Over the past 12 months, health care has added 363,000 jobs. Social assistance employment edged up over

the month (11,000).

In March, food services employment continued to trend upward (23,000). Employment in the industry

has increased by 288,000 over the past 12 months. Employment in mining rose by 6,000 in March. Support activities for mining, particularly those related to oil and gas extraction, accounted for about two-thirds

of the increase.

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

In March, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls

rose by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manufacturing workweek, at 41.3 hours, and

factory overtime, at 4.1 hours, rose by 0.1 hour over the month. (See table B-2.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls rose

by 0.2 percent in March to 107.5 (2002=100). The manufacturing index was unchanged at 93.4. (See

table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

In March, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls

rose by 5 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $17.86, seasonally adjusted. This followed gains of 5 cents in January

and 6 cents in February. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.6 percent in March to $603.67. Over the past

12 months, average hourly earnings increased by 3.6 percent and average weekly earnings rose by 3.3 percent. (See table B-3.)

______________________________

The Employment Situation for April 2008 is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 2,

at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
5

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of

error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger

sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is statistically significant in the establishment

survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.

However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes

the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Thus,

while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about whether

respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions show that foreign-born workers

accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force

from 2000 to 2007.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional

information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment

survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate

additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey. For more information on the monthly revisions,

please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates

to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark

helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual

benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes the selfemployed?

While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years.
6

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the total

nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve

that goal.

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new

firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the

survey twice a year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance

benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially

counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses

and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual

worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm

payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of

unemployment insurance tax accounts.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

 in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is

the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector.

Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in

accordance with the 2007 version of the North American Industry

Classification System.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the

levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations

due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded

production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the monthto-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics

for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both

the household and establishment surveys. However, the ad-
justed series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and

unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or

by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent

seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and

including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new

seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month’s data. In

the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each

month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both

surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000

(100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample

results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a

90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we

could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased.

If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance)

that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the

monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the

monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage

point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these

estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two

successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components

is used to account for business births. The first component uses business

deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated

into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not

reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the

same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is

an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/

death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical

time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from

the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects

the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from

less than 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD

message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Mar.

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 231,034 232,809 232,995 231,034 232,939 233,156 232,616 232,809 232,995

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 152,236 152,503 153,135 152,884 153,828 153,866 153,824 153,374 153,784

 Participation rate ..................................................... 65.9 65.5 65.7 66.2 66.0 66.0 66.1 65.9 66.0

 Employed .................................................................... 145,323 144,550 145,108 146,145 146,647 146,211 146,248 145,993 145,969

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 62.9 62.1 62.3 63.3 63.0 62.7 62.9 62.7 62.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 6,913 7,953 8,027 6,738 7,181 7,655 7,576 7,381 7,815

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.5 5.2 5.2 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 78,798 80,306 79,860 78,150 79,111 79,290 78,792 79,436 79,211

 Persons who currently want a job ............................... 4,365 4,689 4,492 4,542 4,655 4,697 4,857 4,772 4,730

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 111,733 112,596 112,695 111,733 112,737 112,852 112,493 112,596 112,695

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 81,600 81,515 81,849 81,997 82,515 82,448 82,355 82,132 82,184

 Participation rate ..................................................... 73.0 72.4 72.6 73.4 73.2 73.1 73.2 72.9 72.9

 Employed .................................................................... 77,553 76,853 77,198 78,297 78,604 78,260 78,157 78,113 77,948

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 69.4 68.3 68.5 70.1 69.7 69.3 69.5 69.4 69.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 4,047 4,661 4,651 3,700 3,910 4,188 4,197 4,019 4,236

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 5.0 5.7 5.7 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.2

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 30,133 31,081 30,846 29,737 30,223 30,404 30,139 30,464 30,511

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 103,143 103,961 104,052 103,143 104,087 104,197 103,866 103,961 104,052

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 78,217 78,378 78,691 78,410 79,075 79,004 78,864 78,748 78,838

 Participation rate ..................................................... 75.8 75.4 75.6 76.0 76.0 75.8 75.9 75.7 75.8

 Employed .................................................................... 74,737 74,365 74,620 75,286 75,834 75,499 75,427 75,362 75,197

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 72.5 71.5 71.7 73.0 72.9 72.5 72.6 72.5 72.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,480 4,013 4,071 3,124 3,240 3,505 3,437 3,386 3,641

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.4 5.1 5.2 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 24,926 25,583 25,362 24,733 25,012 25,193 25,002 25,213 25,214

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 119,300 120,213 120,300 119,300 120,202 120,304 120,123 120,213 120,300

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 70,636 70,988 71,286 70,887 71,313 71,418 71,469 71,241 71,600

 Participation rate ..................................................... 59.2 59.1 59.3 59.4 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.3 59.5

 Employed .................................................................... 67,771 67,696 67,911 67,849 68,043 67,951 68,091 67,880 68,021

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 56.8 56.3 56.5 56.9 56.6 56.5 56.7 56.5 56.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,865 3,292 3,376 3,038 3,271 3,467 3,378 3,361 3,579

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.1 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.7 5.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 48,665 49,225 49,014 48,413 48,889 48,886 48,654 48,972 48,700

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 110,964 111,822 111,902 110,964 111,805 111,903 111,739 111,822 111,902

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 67,453 67,793 68,115 67,446 67,776 67,866 67,982 67,816 68,159

 Participation rate ..................................................... 60.8 60.6 60.9 60.8 60.6 60.6 60.8 60.6 60.9

 Employed .................................................................... 64,975 64,943 65,142 64,859 64,980 64,912 65,098 64,950 65,055

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 58.6 58.1 58.2 58.5 58.1 58.0 58.3 58.1 58.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,478 2,851 2,974 2,588 2,796 2,954 2,885 2,865 3,104

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 3.7 4.2 4.4 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 43,510 44,028 43,786 43,517 44,029 44,037 43,756 44,006 43,743

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 16,927 17,027 17,041 16,927 17,048 17,056 17,012 17,027 17,041

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,566 6,331 6,329 7,028 6,977 6,996 6,978 6,810 6,787

 Participation rate ..................................................... 38.8 37.2 37.1 41.5 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.0 39.8

 Employed .................................................................... 5,611 5,242 5,347 6,000 5,832 5,801 5,724 5,681 5,717

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 33.1 30.8 31.4 35.4 34.2 34.0 33.6 33.4 33.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 954 1,089 982 1,027 1,145 1,196 1,254 1,130 1,070

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 14.5 17.2 15.5 14.6 16.4 17.1 18.0 16.6 15.8

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,362 10,695 10,712 9,900 10,071 10,059 10,034 10,216 10,254

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Mar.

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 187,704 188,906 189,019 187,704 188,956 189,093 188,787 188,906 189,019

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 124,328 124,361 124,679 124,852 125,430 125,460 125,340 124,940 125,190

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.2 65.8 66.0 66.5 66.4 66.3 66.4 66.1 66.2

 Employed .................................................................... 119,375 118,395 118,827 120,065 120,194 119,889 119,858 119,534 119,574

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 63.6 62.7 62.9 64.0 63.6 63.4 63.5 63.3 63.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 4,953 5,966 5,853 4,787 5,235 5,571 5,482 5,406 5,616

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.0 4.8 4.7 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.5

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 63,376 64,545 64,339 62,852 63,526 63,633 63,447 63,966 63,829

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 65,059 65,023 65,292 65,174 65,521 65,506 65,470 65,270 65,342

 Participation rate ....................................................... 76.4 75.9 76.1 76.6 76.4 76.3 76.4 76.1 76.2

 Employed .................................................................... 62,544 61,947 62,214 62,975 63,111 62,929 62,924 62,745 62,665

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 73.5 72.3 72.5 74.0 73.6 73.3 73.5 73.2 73.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,515 3,075 3,078 2,200 2,409 2,577 2,546 2,524 2,677

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.9 4.7 4.7 3.4 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 53,835 54,149 54,201 53,834 54,206 54,286 54,192 54,078 54,264

 Participation rate ....................................................... 60.1 60.1 60.1 60.1 60.2 60.2 60.2 60.0 60.2

 Employed .................................................................... 52,109 52,055 52,093 52,022 52,220 52,107 52,143 52,004 52,061

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 58.2 57.8 57.8 58.1 58.0 57.8 57.9 57.7 57.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,726 2,094 2,108 1,812 1,986 2,179 2,049 2,075 2,202

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.2 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 5,434 5,189 5,187 5,844 5,703 5,668 5,678 5,592 5,584

 Participation rate ....................................................... 41.8 39.7 39.7 44.9 43.6 43.3 43.5 42.8 42.7

 Employed .................................................................... 4,722 4,393 4,519 5,068 4,863 4,853 4,791 4,785 4,848

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 36.3 33.6 34.6 38.9 37.2 37.1 36.7 36.6 37.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 712 796 667 776 840 815 887 807 736

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 13.1 15.3 12.9 13.3 14.7 14.4 15.6 14.4 13.2

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 27,346 27,675 27,709 27,346 27,666 27,704 27,640 27,675 27,709

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 17,312 17,412 17,601 17,418 17,453 17,538 17,713 17,632 17,702

 Participation rate ....................................................... 63.3 62.9 63.5 63.7 63.1 63.3 64.1 63.7 63.9

 Employed .................................................................... 15,874 15,947 16,010 15,979 15,980 15,961 16,090 16,169 16,116

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 58.0 57.6 57.8 58.4 57.8 57.6 58.2 58.4 58.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,439 1,465 1,591 1,439 1,473 1,577 1,623 1,463 1,586

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 8.3 8.4 9.0 8.3 8.4 9.0 9.2 8.3 9.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,034 10,263 10,109 9,928 10,212 10,165 9,927 10,043 10,007

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,732 7,854 7,839 7,804 7,889 7,883 7,916 7,947 7,922

 Participation rate ....................................................... 70.3 70.6 70.4 71.0 70.8 70.7 71.3 71.5 71.2

 Employed .................................................................... 7,017 7,178 7,140 7,109 7,268 7,218 7,259 7,320 7,255

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 63.8 64.6 64.1 64.7 65.3 64.7 65.4 65.8 65.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 715 676 698 695 621 665 656 627 667

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 9.2 8.6 8.9 8.9 7.9 8.4 8.3 7.9 8.4

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,823 8,805 9,032 8,828 8,777 8,803 8,921 8,866 9,016

 Participation rate ....................................................... 64.3 63.4 64.9 64.3 63.3 63.4 64.3 63.8 64.8

 Employed .................................................................... 8,289 8,238 8,368 8,278 8,159 8,187 8,266 8,289 8,336

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 60.4 59.3 60.2 60.3 58.8 59.0 59.6 59.6 59.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 535 566 664 550 618 617 654 577 680

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.1 6.4 7.3 6.2 7.0 7.0 7.3 6.5 7.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 757 753 730 787 787 851 876 819 764

 Participation rate ....................................................... 28.8 28.3 27.4 30.0 29.6 32.0 33.0 30.8 28.7

 Employed .................................................................... 568 531 501 592 553 556 564 560 525

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 21.7 19.9 18.8 22.6 20.8 20.9 21.2 21.0 19.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 189 222 229 194 234 295 313 259 239

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 24.9 29.5 31.3 24.7 29.7 34.7 35.7 31.7 31.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Mar.

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 10,579 10,712 10,645 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,020 7,159 7,184 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.4 66.8 67.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 6,810 6,942 6,928 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 64.4 64.8 65.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 210 217 256 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.0 3.0 3.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 3,559 3,553 3,462 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in

table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population

controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Mar.

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 31,055 31,732 31,820 31,055 31,809 31,903 31,643 31,732 31,820

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 21,341 21,628 21,750 21,368 21,872 21,888 21,698 21,755 21,775

 Participation rate ....................................................... 68.7 68.2 68.4 68.8 68.8 68.6 68.6 68.6 68.4

 Employed .................................................................... 20,191 20,146 20,162 20,257 20,623 20,517 20,320 20,401 20,269

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.0 63.5 63.4 65.2 64.8 64.3 64.2 64.3 63.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,150 1,482 1,588 1,111 1,249 1,371 1,378 1,354 1,507

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.4 6.9 7.3 5.2 5.7 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.9

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,714 10,105 10,071 9,687 9,938 10,016 9,946 9,977 10,045

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 12,309 12,428 12,554 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 84.9 84.1 84.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 11,702 11,625 11,655 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 80.7 78.7 78.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 607 804 899 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.9 6.5 7.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,964 8,093 8,100 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 58.3 58.0 57.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 7,594 7,620 7,606 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 55.6 54.6 54.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 370 472 494 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.6 5.8 6.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 1,069 1,107 1,096 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 36.8 37.0 36.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 895 901 900 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 30.8 30.1 30.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 173 205 195 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 16.2 18.6 17.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of

any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 12,896 11,898 12,032 12,921 12,228 12,291 12,305 12,127 12,058

 Participation rate ......................................................... 46.7 45.5 45.9 46.8 46.8 46.5 46.0 46.4 46.0

 Employed ...................................................................... 11,881 10,878 10,894 12,024 11,296 11,358 11,362 11,236 11,071

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 43.0 41.6 41.6 43.5 43.3 42.9 42.5 43.0 42.3

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,015 1,020 1,138 896 932 933 943 891 986

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 7.9 8.6 9.5 6.9 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.3 8.2

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 38,739 38,002 38,148 38,457 38,710 38,841 38,364 38,078 37,952

 Participation rate ......................................................... 63.1 62.5 62.7 62.6 62.6 62.9 62.9 62.6 62.3

 Employed ...................................................................... 37,033 35,954 36,027 36,886 36,980 37,034 36,587 36,303 36,016

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 60.3 59.1 59.2 60.1 59.8 60.0 59.9 59.7 59.1

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,706 2,048 2,121 1,570 1,730 1,807 1,778 1,775 1,936

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 4.4 5.4 5.6 4.1 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.7 5.1

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 35,434 36,237 36,489 35,493 36,353 36,279 36,492 36,437 36,548

 Participation rate ......................................................... 72.1 71.6 72.0 72.2 71.9 72.0 72.5 72.0 72.1

 Employed ...................................................................... 34,115 34,766 34,990 34,236 35,156 34,924 35,187 35,086 35,142

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 69.4 68.7 69.0 69.7 69.6 69.3 69.9 69.4 69.3

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,319 1,471 1,498 1,256 1,197 1,355 1,305 1,351 1,405

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 3.7 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 43,532 45,339 45,375 43,643 44,263 44,448 44,604 45,226 45,459

 Participation rate ......................................................... 78.4 78.3 78.5 78.6 77.7 77.9 78.0 78.1 78.6

 Employed ...................................................................... 42,756 44,405 44,451 42,837 43,296 43,476 43,651 44,283 44,501

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 77.0 76.7 76.9 77.1 76.0 76.2 76.4 76.5 77.0

 Unemployed ................................................................. 776 934 923 807 968 972 953 944 958

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral

degrees. 

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data. See box note in the BLS news release USDL 07-0486, "The

Employment Situation: March 2007," issued on April 6, 2007, for a discussion of

technical issues regarding educational attainment data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ................................... 2,046 1,999 2,057 2,202 2,148 2,248 2,213 2,213 2,192

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 1,169 1,173 1,218 1,291 1,237 1,368 1,259 1,324 1,331

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 859 808 816 892 895 874 936 873 849

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 18 18 23 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ............................................... 143,277 142,551 143,051 143,966 144,503 143,933 144,052 143,820 143,796

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 133,551 133,159 133,849 134,068 135,109 134,605 134,755 134,259 134,411

 Government ................................................................ 21,138 21,209 21,484 20,976 20,943 20,780 20,907 21,252 21,262

 Private industries ........................................................ 112,413 111,950 112,365 113,098 114,179 113,872 113,846 112,972 113,142

 Private households ................................................... 859 763 744 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries ........................................................ 111,553 111,187 111,621 112,228 113,377 113,035 113,042 112,212 112,383

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 9,606 9,292 9,103 9,731 9,276 9,242 9,161 9,410 9,224

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 121 100 99 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,384 5,114 5,038 4,285 4,513 4,665 4,769 4,884 4,914

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,856 3,534 3,404 2,786 3,008 3,174 3,247 3,291 3,323

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,218 1,260 1,382 1,217 1,223 1,236 1,163 1,222 1,362

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 20,554 19,847 19,853 20,033 19,539 19,526 19,613 19,348 19,409

Nonagricultural industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,295 5,007 4,911 4,206 4,453 4,577 4,677 4,790 4,797

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,805 3,459 3,313 2,741 2,981 3,120 3,174 3,231 3,238

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,204 1,255 1,370 1,203 1,205 1,219 1,149 1,216 1,354

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 20,197 19,524 19,553 19,624 19,224 19,225 19,296 19,019 19,072

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or

industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for

reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 145,323 144,550 145,108 146,145 146,647 146,211 146,248 145,993 145,969

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 5,611 5,242 5,347 6,000 5,832 5,801 5,724 5,681 5,717

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 2,069 1,884 1,904 2,305 2,192 2,183 2,121 2,109 2,125

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 3,543 3,358 3,443 3,691 3,625 3,626 3,603 3,579 3,578

 20 years and over ......................................................... 139,712 139,308 139,762 140,145 140,814 140,410 140,524 140,312 140,252

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 13,927 13,304 13,399 14,184 13,965 13,702 13,794 13,632 13,657

 25 years and over ....................................................... 125,785 126,003 126,363 125,922 126,779 126,675 126,640 126,644 126,574

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 100,300 99,503 99,686 100,479 100,605 100,496 100,174 100,057 99,948

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 31,388 31,307 31,388 31,552 31,638 31,633 31,530 31,599 31,581

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 34,458 33,741 33,731 34,490 34,173 34,086 33,931 33,863 33,783

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 34,453 34,456 34,567 34,437 34,794 34,777 34,713 34,595 34,585

 55 years and over ..................................................... 25,485 26,500 26,677 25,443 26,174 26,179 26,466 26,587 26,626

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 77,553 76,853 77,198 78,297 78,604 78,260 78,157 78,113 77,948

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,816 2,488 2,578 3,011 2,770 2,761 2,731 2,751 2,751

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,004 827 864 1,127 959 986 950 966 971

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,811 1,662 1,714 1,892 1,791 1,766 1,780 1,782 1,780

 20 years and over ......................................................... 74,737 74,365 74,620 75,286 75,834 75,499 75,427 75,362 75,197

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 7,270 6,996 7,099 7,446 7,466 7,244 7,312 7,219 7,268

 25 years and over ....................................................... 67,466 67,369 67,521 67,817 68,328 68,264 68,060 68,129 67,938

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 54,025 53,417 53,455 54,348 54,422 54,383 54,041 54,016 53,847

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 17,311 17,042 17,051 17,478 17,466 17,451 17,348 17,346 17,255

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 18,651 18,255 18,245 18,765 18,559 18,507 18,335 18,400 18,359

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 18,062 18,120 18,159 18,105 18,397 18,425 18,357 18,270 18,233

 55 years and over ..................................................... 13,442 13,952 14,066 13,469 13,906 13,882 14,020 14,113 14,091

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 67,771 67,696 67,911 67,849 68,043 67,951 68,091 67,880 68,021

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,796 2,754 2,769 2,990 3,063 3,040 2,993 2,929 2,966

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,064 1,058 1,039 1,178 1,233 1,197 1,171 1,143 1,154

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,731 1,696 1,729 1,800 1,834 1,860 1,823 1,797 1,798

 20 years and over ......................................................... 64,975 64,943 65,142 64,859 64,980 64,912 65,098 64,950 65,055

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 6,656 6,308 6,300 6,738 6,500 6,458 6,482 6,414 6,389

 25 years and over ....................................................... 58,319 58,634 58,842 58,105 58,451 58,411 58,580 58,515 58,636

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 46,275 46,086 46,231 46,130 46,183 46,113 46,133 46,041 46,101

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 14,077 14,265 14,337 14,073 14,172 14,182 14,182 14,254 14,326

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 15,807 15,486 15,486 15,725 15,615 15,579 15,596 15,463 15,423

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 16,391 16,336 16,409 16,332 16,396 16,352 16,355 16,325 16,352

 55 years and over ..................................................... 12,044 12,548 12,611 11,974 12,268 12,297 12,447 12,474 12,535

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 46,452 45,949 45,916 46,505 46,339 46,213 46,063 46,136 45,961

Married women, spouse present .................................... 36,252 35,727 35,864 36,174 35,689 35,565 35,536 35,648 35,749

Women who maintain families ........................................ 9,233 9,051 9,093 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 2 ......................................................... 119,640 119,452 119,875 120,966 122,020 121,428 121,202 121,275 121,231

Part-time workers 3 ......................................................... 25,684 25,098 25,233 25,100 24,631 24,740 25,043 24,697 24,691

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders ................................................. 7,808 7,610 7,499 7,729 7,640 7,416 7,557 7,582 7,449

 Percent of total employed ........................................... 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more

per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35

hours per week.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Mar.

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 6,738 7,381 7,815 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 1,027 1,130 1,070 14.6 16.4 17.1 18.0 16.6 15.8

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 450 471 485 16.3 19.0 19.6 20.4 18.3 18.6

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 580 656 584 13.6 14.4 15.4 15.9 15.5 14.0

 20 years and over ......................................................... 5,711 6,251 6,745 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.6

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 1,167 1,325 1,394 7.6 8.0 9.4 8.7 8.9 9.3

 25 years and over ....................................................... 4,509 4,948 5,294 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 3,677 4,058 4,342 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.2

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 1,448 1,584 1,775 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.3

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 1,135 1,260 1,321 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.8

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 1,094 1,214 1,246 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5

 55 years and over ..................................................... 819 888 931 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 3,700 4,019 4,236 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.2

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 576 633 595 16.1 19.5 19.8 21.8 18.7 17.8

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 242 250 273 17.7 21.4 22.1 24.0 20.5 22.0

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 333 392 320 15.0 17.8 18.4 19.5 18.0 15.2

 20 years and over ......................................................... 3,124 3,386 3,641 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 669 791 830 8.2 8.6 9.8 9.4 9.9 10.3

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,455 2,632 2,807 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.0

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,998 2,163 2,324 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.1

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 792 878 977 4.3 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.4

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 625 639 690 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.6

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 581 646 657 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5

 55 years and over ..................................................... 457 469 482 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 3,038 3,361 3,579 4.3 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.7 5.0

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 451 496 475 13.1 13.4 14.4 14.2 14.5 13.8

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 207 222 212 15.0 17.1 17.3 17.2 16.2 15.5

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 247 264 265 12.1 10.7 12.3 12.1 12.8 12.8

 20 years and over ......................................................... 2,588 2,865 3,104 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 497 535 563 6.9 7.4 8.8 8.0 7.7 8.1

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,054 2,317 2,488 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.1

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,679 1,895 2,018 3.5 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.2

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 656 706 798 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.3

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 510 621 631 3.1 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.9

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 513 568 589 3.0 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.5

 55 years and over 2 .................................................. 341 432 438 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.3 3.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 1,169 1,271 1,337 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8

Married women, spouse present .................................... 962 1,132 1,226 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3

Women who maintain families 2 ..................................... 667 655 694 6.7 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.7 7.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 3 ......................................................... 5,521 6,092 6,415 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.0

Part-time workers 4 ......................................................... 1,176 1,288 1,377 4.5 5.0 5.6 5.4 5.0 5.3

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not 

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the 

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................... 3,487 4,471 4,555 3,240 3,609 3,857 3,796 3,854 4,154

On temporary layoff .................................................... 1,078 1,351 1,341 865 979 975 1,040 971 1,056

Not on temporary layoff .............................................. 2,409 3,120 3,214 2,375 2,630 2,882 2,756 2,883 3,098

Permanent job losers .............................................. 1,681 2,204 2,276 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Persons who completed temporary jobs ................ 728 916 938 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ..................................................................... 749 802 768 755 783 798 830 769 781

Reentrants ...................................................................... 2,151 2,139 2,103 2,143 2,160 2,343 2,201 2,112 2,117

New entrants .................................................................. 526 542 601 600 669 697 667 648 681

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 50.4 56.2 56.7 48.1 50.0 50.1 50.7 52.2 53.7

On temporary layoff .................................................. 15.6 17.0 16.7 12.8 13.6 12.7 13.9 13.2 13.7

Not on temporary layoff ............................................ 34.9 39.2 40.0 35.3 36.4 37.5 36.8 39.0 40.1

Job leavers ................................................................... 10.8 10.1 9.6 11.2 10.8 10.4 11.1 10.4 10.1

Reentrants .................................................................... 31.1 26.9 26.2 31.8 29.9 30.4 29.4 28.6 27.4

New entrants ................................................................ 7.6 6.8 7.5 8.9 9.3 9.1 8.9 8.8 8.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7

Job leavers ................................................................... .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5

Reentrants .................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4

New entrants ................................................................ .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .............................................................................. 2,103 2,530 2,550 2,338 2,633 2,793 2,634 2,639 2,767

5 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 2,339 2,854 2,782 2,156 2,157 2,330 2,396 2,396 2,525

15 weeks and over ............................................................................. 2,471 2,570 2,696 2,183 2,398 2,520 2,503 2,377 2,400

 15 to 26 weeks ................................................................................ 1,189 1,212 1,339 976 1,014 1,182 1,124 1,079 1,118

 27 weeks and over .......................................................................... 1,282 1,358 1,357 1,207 1,384 1,338 1,380 1,299 1,282

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .................................................... 18.4 16.8 16.9 17.2 17.2 16.6 17.5 16.8 16.2

Median duration, in weeks .................................................................. 10.1 8.9 9.4 8.6 8.7 8.4 8.8 8.4 8.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ............................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks ............................................................................ 30.4 31.8 31.8 35.0 36.6 36.5 35.0 35.6 36.0

 5 to 14 weeks ................................................................................... 33.8 35.9 34.7 32.3 30.0 30.5 31.8 32.3 32.8

 15 weeks and over ........................................................................... 35.7 32.3 33.6 32.7 33.4 33.0 33.2 32.1 31.2

 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................................... 17.2 15.2 16.7 14.6 14.1 15.5 14.9 14.6 14.5

 27 weeks and over ......................................................................... 18.5 17.1 16.9 18.1 19.3 17.5 18.3 17.5 16.7

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Mar.

2007

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Mar.

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... 145,323 145,108 6,913 8,027 4.5 5.2

Management, professional, and related occupations ............. 51,791 52,681 952 1,121 1.8 2.1

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .................................................................................... 21,412 21,810 426 485 2.0 2.2

 Professional and related occupations ...................................... 30,379 30,871 526 636 1.7 2.0

Service occupations ....................................................................... 23,708 23,672 1,491 1,603 5.9 6.3

Sales and office occupations ....................................................... 36,412 36,014 1,525 1,759 4.0 4.7

 Sales and related occupations .................................................. 16,866 16,352 752 825 4.3 4.8

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 19,545 19,662 773 935 3.8 4.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .................................................................................... 15,418 14,473 1,214 1,581 7.3 9.8

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. 915 965 131 160 12.5 14.2

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................ 9,482 8,473 894 1,232 8.6 12.7

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 5,022 5,035 190 190 3.6 3.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations .................................................................................... 17,994 18,268 1,184 1,337 6.2 6.8

 Production occupations .............................................................. 9,470 9,327 574 659 5.7 6.6

 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 8,524 8,940 610 678 6.7 7.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Mar.

2007

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Mar.

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... 6,913 8,027 4.5 5.2

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................... 5,534 6,480 4.7 5.5

 Mining ............................................................................................. 24 28 3.2 3.7

 Construction .................................................................................. 924 1,170 9.0 12.0

 Manufacturing ............................................................................... 742 831 4.5 5.0

 Durable goods ............................................................................ 456 507 4.3 4.8

 Nondurable goods ..................................................................... 286 324 4.8 5.4

 Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................... 896 992 4.4 4.9

 Transportation and utilities ......................................................... 249 267 4.3 4.3

 Information ..................................................................................... 109 155 3.2 4.8

 Financial activities ........................................................................ 252 323 2.6 3.4

 Professional and business services ......................................... 775 876 5.7 6.2

 Education and health services .................................................. 495 609 2.5 3.1

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................ 845 944 7.0 7.6

 Other services ............................................................................... 222 283 3.7 4.6

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ...... 123 175 9.7 13.2

Government workers ..................................................................... 419 425 1.9 1.9

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................. 311 346 2.8 3.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the

civilian labor force ..................................................................... 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a

percent of the civilian labor force .............................................. 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ................................................. 4.5 5.2 5.2 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the

civilian labor force plus discouraged workers ........................... 4.8 5.5 5.5 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other

marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all marginally attached workers ................................ 5.4 6.2 6.1 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.8 5.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent

of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached

workers ..................................................................................... 8.3 9.5 9.3 8.0 8.4 8.8 9.0 8.9 9.1

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither

working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job

and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a

subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not

looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are

those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a

part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of

alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Mar.

2007

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Mar.

2008

Mar.

2007

Mar.

2008

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 78,798 79,860 30,133 30,846 48,665 49,014

 Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... 4,365 4,492 2,005 2,051 2,360 2,442

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ........................... 1,385 1,352 743 722 642 631

Reason not currently looking:

Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. 381 401 245 245 136 156

Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. 1,005 951 499 477 506 474

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. 7,808 7,499 3,923 3,691 3,884 3,808

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.7 5.6

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 4,208 4,198 2,397 2,276 1,811 1,922

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,904 1,693 559 481 1,344 1,212

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 338 281 206 197 133 83

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,305 1,288 734 724 571 564

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. These persons are referred to

as "marginally attached to the labor force." 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. These persons are

referred to as "discouraged workers." 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as

well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Mar. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

Change

from:

Feb. 2008-

Mar. 2008p

Total nonfarm ............................. 136,533 135,912 136,441 137,015 137,310 138,037 138,078 138,002 137,926 137,846 -80

Total private ........................................ 113,983 113,701 113,745 114,214 115,167 115,759 115,745 115,666 115,557 115,459 -98

Goods-producing ............................................ 21,941 21,371 21,253 21,292 22,362 22,049 21,976 21,907 21,825 21,732 -93

Natural resources and mining .................................. 701 727 728 737 715 735 739 744 745 751 6

Logging ........................................................... 58.8 59.5 58.2 56.4 62.2 59.9 60.6 60.7 60.0 59.5 -.5

Mining .................................................................... 642.4 667.9 669.3 680.9 653.2 675.0 677.9 683.2 685.3 691.4 6.1

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 141.8 153.5 152.9 155.5 142.8 152.3 153.1 154.5 154.3 156.2 1.9

Mining, except oil and gas1................................. 214.3 216.6 215.5 217.6 221.7 226.0 225.2 227.0 225.9 225.7 -.2

Coal mining ...................................................... 76.9 78.5 78.3 78.7 77.2 78.7 78.3 78.6 78.8 79.0 .2

Support activities for mining .............................. 286.3 297.8 300.9 307.8 288.7 296.7 299.6 301.7 305.1 309.5 4.4

Construction ............................................................. 7,353 7,012 6,932 6,981 7,694 7,520 7,465 7,426 7,389 7,338 -51

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,739.5 1,630.2 1,597.4 1,606.2 1,796.1 1,716.4 1,702.4 1,690.2 1,674.0 1,669.7 -4.3

Residential building ......................................... 942.1 857.5 835.7 838.4 974.0 913.3 902.0 891.9 879.1 875.4 -3.7

Nonresidential building .................................... 797.4 772.7 761.7 767.8 822.1 803.1 800.4 798.3 794.9 794.3 -.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction ........ 925.7 882.3 872.9 887.5 1,007.5 999.0 993.8 984.6 977.6 972.5 -5.1

Specialty trade contractors ............................... 4,687.4 4,499.4 4,462.1 4,487.0 4,889.9 4,804.8 4,768.4 4,750.8 4,737.4 4,695.3 -42.1

Residential specialty trade contractors ........... 2,222.1 2,056.5 2,027.5 2,031.3 2,323.5 2,226.7 2,201.1 2,176.2 2,163.9 2,136.6 -27.3

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors ..... 2,465.3 2,442.9 2,434.6 2,455.7 2,566.4 2,578.1 2,567.3 2,574.6 2,573.5 2,558.7 -14.8

Manufacturing ........................................................... 13,887 13,632 13,593 13,574 13,953 13,794 13,772 13,737 13,691 13,643 -48

Production workers ....................................... 9,939 9,833 9,796 9,788 9,997 9,944 9,933 9,922 9,878 9,849 -29

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,837 8,662 8,641 8,624 8,863 8,763 8,739 8,718 8,688 8,653 -35

Production workers ....................................... 6,245 6,166 6,142 6,126 6,266 6,242 6,220 6,214 6,181 6,152 -29

Wood products ................................................... 517.3 495.3 486.6 484.2 525.7 509.0 507.2 503.5 498.0 493.1 -4.9

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 495.6 478.8 475.5 476.2 506.1 499.5 496.4 494.4 492.8 487.5 -5.3

Primary metals .................................................... 459.5 452.1 450.9 450.6 459.5 452.6 452.2 452.3 450.4 450.4 .0

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,556.9 1,553.8 1,550.6 1,553.6 1,561.1 1,565.6 1,562.7 1,560.9 1,558.5 1,558.5 .0

Machinery ........................................................... 1,186.8 1,190.7 1,190.1 1,196.3 1,186.6 1,189.9 1,191.0 1,193.8 1,192.2 1,196.3 4.1

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,279.6 1,253.9 1,250.2 1,252.6 1,284.5 1,260.5 1,257.6 1,256.3 1,252.3 1,254.9 2.6

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 188.0 184.8 186.5 187.1 188.7 185.5 185.4 184.9 186.7 187.1 .4

Communications equipment ........................... 128.8 129.2 128.7 130.1 129.0 129.5 129.0 129.5 128.7 130.2 1.5

Semiconductors and electronic components . 449.8 432.6 428.3 426.3 451.9 437.0 434.9 433.5 429.7 427.7 -2.0

Electronic instruments ..................................... 443.2 443.0 442.3 445.3 444.9 443.0 443.7 444.3 442.6 446.1 3.5

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 427.8 420.5 419.7 419.3 427.8 426.6 423.8 421.6 420.6 419.7 -.9

1 Transportation equipment .................................. 1,732.9 1,667.5 1,672.7 1,651.2 1,728.2 1,693.5 1,684.7 1,678.1 1,673.1 1,649.8 -23.3

Motor vehicles and parts2................................. 1,026.4 943.7 950.8 928.4 1,020.2 972.7 962.6 956.6 949.4 925.2 -24.2

Furniture and related products .......................... 537.6 516.1 512.6 509.7 539.4 527.0 523.8 520.4 516.5 511.4 -5.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 642.9 633.0 632.2 630.0 644.2 638.8 639.9 636.4 633.5 631.6 -1.9

Nondurable goods ................................................. 5,050 4,970 4,952 4,950 5,090 5,031 5,033 5,019 5,003 4,990 -13

Production workers ....................................... 3,694 3,667 3,654 3,662 3,731 3,702 3,713 3,708 3,697 3,697 0

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,452.3 1,462.0 1,455.1 1,453.6 1,479.7 1,477.9 1,486.3 1,483.2 1,483.2 1,480.6 -2.6

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 190.4 186.8 184.1 185.0 195.6 194.3 192.0 191.1 189.1 190.4 1.3

Textile mills ......................................................... 175.6 161.0 159.8 158.1 175.3 164.9 163.0 162.0 160.8 157.9 -2.9

Textile product mills ........................................... 160.3 153.1 152.0 153.4 160.2 157.2 155.7 154.0 153.0 153.3 .3

Apparel ................................................................ 218.9 196.6 198.3 197.4 219.0 206.4 204.8 202.0 200.1 197.6 -2.5

Leather and allied products ............................... 34.8 34.3 33.4 33.7 34.6 34.1 33.7 34.5 33.5 33.4 -.1

Paper and paper products ................................. 459.4 459.1 456.7 456.2 461.2 458.6 460.3 459.0 458.0 457.8 -.2

Printing and related support activities ............... 627.0 615.5 610.3 613.2 628.1 622.0 619.5 620.1 614.5 614.6 .1

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 112.0 108.2 109.3 108.9 114.3 112.1 111.7 112.2 112.6 111.3 -1.3

Chemicals ........................................................... 861.4 858.5 858.1 857.8 862.6 860.5 862.0 861.2 860.0 859.1 -.9

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 758.0 734.8 735.2 733.0 759.2 743.0 744.2 739.7 738.4 734.4 -4.0

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Mar. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

Change

from:

Feb. 2008-

Mar. 2008p

Service-providing .............................................. 114,592 114,541 115,188 115,723 114,948 115,988 116,102 116,095 116,101 116,114 13

Private service-providing ............................... 92,042 92,330 92,492 92,922 92,805 93,710 93,769 93,759 93,732 93,727 -5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 26,292 26,456 26,185 26,260 26,584 26,693 26,658 26,631 26,576 26,556 -20

Wholesale trade .................................................... 5,955.2 6,018.5 6,007.8 6,021.6 5,984.0 6,075.0 6,072.9 6,067.3 6,058.5 6,053.9 -4.6

Durable goods .................................................... 3,097.1 3,119.6 3,109.6 3,117.5 3,107.6 3,152.4 3,145.0 3,138.0 3,129.5 3,130.0 .5

Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,039.7 2,064.8 2,060.6 2,068.5 2,054.7 2,086.6 2,089.3 2,090.9 2,086.7 2,084.9 -1.8

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 818.4 834.1 837.6 835.6 821.7 836.0 838.6 838.4 842.3 839.0 -3.3

Retail trade ............................................................ 15,295.3 15,380.7 15,137.4 15,190.9 15,519.9 15,513.1 15,487.8 15,472.2 15,425.5 15,413.1 -12.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1........................ 1,900.3 1,883.5 1,880.5 1,889.0 1,912.1 1,911.0 1,909.3 1,910.2 1,903.7 1,901.8 -1.9

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,238.4 1,232.7 1,226.1 1,229.3 1,242.8 1,244.9 1,244.6 1,244.0 1,235.9 1,234.5 -1.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 574.3 586.0 570.3 562.4 580.5 584.9 584.5 579.9 575.2 570.0 -5.2

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 545.8 536.2 531.6 533.1 547.6 542.6 540.4 534.3 534.3 535.0 .7

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,295.3 1,203.9 1,204.9 1,228.1 1,317.9 1,279.9 1,271.6 1,266.0 1,259.1 1,250.1 -9.0

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,805.8 2,867.2 2,852.3 2,853.2 2,836.0 2,871.9 2,871.9 2,880.1 2,881.0 2,883.6 2.6

Health and personal care stores ....................... 979.5 1,000.9 991.9 992.9 985.2 998.6 999.9 1,000.6 996.6 998.3 1.7

Gasoline stations ................................................ 854.4 842.3 842.9 848.3 864.6 859.1 850.5 853.8 855.4 858.2 2.8

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,438.4 1,498.2 1,434.3 1,445.5 1,486.5 1,524.5 1,508.6 1,498.2 1,496.7 1,499.4 2.7

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores ................................................................ 636.5 686.3 655.0 645.2 651.2 664.0 661.6 667.2 663.7 662.1 -1.6

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 2,986.6 2,975.8 2,883.2 2,914.8 3,033.5 2,968.2 2,976.7 2,971.1 2,952.2 2,949.7 -2.5

Department stores .......................................... 1,555.4 1,580.0 1,501.7 1,501.7 1,592.2 1,560.6 1,568.4 1,564.3 1,547.7 1,543.1 -4.6

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................. 851.4 856.4 853.7 844.1 869.2 868.3 866.3 869.4 864.9 862.2 -2.7

Nonstore retailers ............................................... 427.0 444.0 436.8 434.3 435.6 440.1 446.5 441.4 442.7 442.7 .0

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,494.3 4,501.7 4,486.8 4,493.0 4,530.4 4,549.0 4,539.9 4,534.5 4,535.7 4,531.8 -3.9

Air transportation ................................................ 483.7 501.2 505.8 506.6 487.2 503.0 502.1 504.7 509.8 508.9 -.9

Rail transportation .............................................. 234.7 231.5 231.8 232.8 236.1 233.8 232.5 233.8 233.7 234.1 .4

Water transportation ........................................... 61.1 61.8 59.9 59.5 63.5 65.0 64.4 63.8 63.0 62.4 -.6

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,425.8 1,396.8 1,383.7 1,394.4 1,451.5 1,428.7 1,423.1 1,422.5 1,418.4 1,419.3 .9

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 420.4 423.9 426.3 423.5 406.1 411.5 411.8 411.9 411.7 410.3 -1.4

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 39.9 40.7 41.0 41.0 40.1 40.6 40.8 40.6 41.0 41.1 .1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 23.0 24.3 24.2 25.2 29.1 30.9 31.3 31.0 31.6 31.4 -.2

Support activities for transportation ................... 577.4 580.7 583.6 581.2 578.9 589.2 587.1 584.9 585.4 583.8 -1.6

Couriers and messengers .................................. 576.5 587.7 580.6 578.2 582.1 584.4 588.1 585.5 585.8 584.3 -1.5

Warehousing and storage .................................. 651.8 653.1 649.9 650.6 655.8 661.9 658.7 655.8 655.3 656.2 .9

Utilities ................................................................... 547.5 554.9 553.1 554.3 550.0 555.5 557.1 557.1 556.5 557.0 .5

Information ................................................................ 3,024 2,993 3,007 3,005 3,030 3,022 3,018 3,014 3,016 3,010 -6

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 902.0 886.1 886.4 883.6 902.2 892.2 889.7 889.2 886.5 884.0 -2.5

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 374.8 360.8 371.2 377.3 380.7 376.3 376.3 372.9 379.7 381.4 1.7

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 326.2 321.9 321.9 321.0 327.4 325.0 321.9 323.0 322.5 322.2 -.3

Telecommunications .......................................... 1,031.5 1,024.5 1,023.3 1,018.2 1,031.3 1,026.4 1,026.8 1,025.3 1,021.0 1,017.7 -3.3

Data processing, hosting and related services . 268.4 270.4 273.5 272.4 267.0 272.6 273.5 273.0 274.2 271.3 -2.9

Other information services ................................. 121.5 129.3 130.6 132.6 121.8 129.5 129.3 130.5 131.7 133.2 1.5

Financial activities .................................................... 8,303 8,185 8,186 8,191 8,333 8,260 8,252 8,244 8,233 8,228 -5

Finance and insurance .......................................... 6,164.1 6,084.8 6,097.9 6,101.6 6,163.2 6,115.5 6,111.2 6,106.2 6,102.5 6,102.7 .2

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 21.3 20.6 20.8 20.9 21.4 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.9 20.9 .0

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,919.6 2,816.3 2,822.4 2,817.6 2,917.4 2,834.3 2,829.2 2,825.0 2,821.6 2,816.2 -5.4

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,819.9 1,819.0 1,822.8 1,821.0 1,820.5 1,823.4 1,824.6 1,821.5 1,823.9 1,822.8 -1.1

Commercial banking .................................... 1,347.3 1,341.1 1,344.6 1,344.0 1,347.1 1,344.7 1,345.9 1,342.2 1,346.0 1,344.6 -1.4

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 840.7 855.3 861.8 864.7 840.8 856.9 856.7 859.2 862.6 865.0 2.4

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,294.3 2,305.6 2,305.4 2,311.5 2,295.9 2,315.6 2,316.8 2,313.9 2,310.2 2,314.1 3.9

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 88.2 87.0 87.5 86.9 87.7 88.0 87.8 87.4 87.2 86.5 -.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,138.5 2,100.2 2,087.8 2,088.9 2,169.9 2,144.7 2,140.6 2,138.0 2,130.1 2,125.6 -4.5

Real estate .......................................................... 1,481.0 1,445.4 1,440.1 1,440.5 1,499.4 1,477.1 1,476.4 1,471.4 1,467.3 1,463.1 -4.2

Rental and leasing services ............................... 629.6 624.0 616.6 617.0 641.9 637.4 633.6 635.2 631.2 630.5 -.7

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 27.9 30.8 31.1 31.4 28.6 30.2 30.6 31.4 31.6 32.0 .4

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Mar. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

Change

from:

Feb. 2008-

Mar. 2008p

Professional and business services ........................ 17,670 17,726 17,765 17,812 17,875 18,079 18,131 18,101 18,071 18,036 -35

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 7,638.3 7,850.7 7,906.0 7,891.6 7,569.6 7,784.8 7,820.5 7,819.2 7,824.1 7,828.2 4.1

Legal services .................................................. 1,170.7 1,162.4 1,165.6 1,165.4 1,177.3 1,175.2 1,173.9 1,173.0 1,174.4 1,172.7 -1.7

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 1,040.3 1,096.9 1,135.1 1,102.7 923.2 979.4 993.3 992.3 989.8 988.7 -1.1

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,402.9 1,439.9 1,442.1 1,442.5 1,422.0 1,453.9 1,460.4 1,460.5 1,464.0 1,462.5 -1.5

Computer systems design and related

services .......................................................... 1,336.5 1,385.8 1,388.1 1,388.0 1,338.9 1,387.5 1,391.4 1,391.6 1,391.3 1,390.7 -.6

Management and technical consulting

services .......................................................... 921.9 977.4 981.9 987.7 928.3 985.1 994.3 989.2 991.0 995.6 4.6

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,832.8 1,838.3 1,832.9 1,828.2 1,838.2 1,850.0 1,847.8 1,845.5 1,842.8 1,839.1 -3.7

Administrative and waste services ....................... 8,199.2 8,036.5 8,025.7 8,092.2 8,467.2 8,444.1 8,462.8 8,436.2 8,404.4 8,368.5 -35.9

1 Administrative and support services ................. 7,851.5 7,677.5 7,669.2 7,731.8 8,113.7 8,081.4 8,099.3 8,070.8 8,040.5 8,002.2 -38.3

1 Employment services ...................................... 3,512.8 3,367.4 3,340.3 3,358.4 3,649.5 3,563.9 3,566.9 3,562.1 3,533.6 3,491.8 -41.8

Temporary help services ............................. 2,525.1 2,417.4 2,385.6 2,405.3 2,637.0 2,583.7 2,578.5 2,574.6 2,541.0 2,519.4 -21.6

Business support services .............................. 814.1 793.7 798.1 800.3 810.2 798.9 803.7 797.4 796.8 796.7 -.1

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,711.3 1,685.9 1,697.0 1,729.8 1,833.3 1,861.1 1,872.0 1,861.3 1,862.2 1,859.2 -3.0

Waste management and remediation services 347.7 359.0 356.5 360.4 353.5 362.7 363.5 365.4 363.9 366.3 2.4

Education and health services ................................ 18,300 18,502 18,764 18,849 18,153 18,522 18,568 18,617 18,657 18,699 42

Educational services ............................................. 3,077.5 2,927.7 3,155.0 3,176.9 2,920.3 2,975.5 2,984.5 3,003.4 3,005.9 3,013.7 7.8

Health care and social assistance ........................15,222.3 15,574.3 15,609.1 15,671.7 15,232.8 15,546.7 15,583.2 15,613.6 15,651.3 15,684.8 33.5

3 Health care ......................................................... 12,806.1 13,101.4 13,128.4 13,167.6 12,832.0 13,081.1 13,109.6 13,135.6 13,171.8 13,194.6 22.8

1 Ambulatory health care services .................... 5,408.8 5,564.3 5,579.8 5,594.6 5,416.0 5,554.8 5,566.0 5,581.7 5,596.1 5,603.5 7.4

Offices of physicians .................................... 2,181.2 2,236.2 2,241.7 2,245.9 2,185.6 2,232.2 2,235.6 2,240.8 2,247.3 2,250.7 3.4

Outpatient care centers ................................ 505.3 511.0 511.4 509.5 504.3 511.0 513.0 511.5 511.6 509.2 -2.4

Home health care services .......................... 899.6 932.1 932.8 937.1 899.4 929.1 930.9 934.7 936.9 937.7 .8

Hospitals .......................................................... 4,470.8 4,571.0 4,581.1 4,598.7 4,481.0 4,558.8 4,572.4 4,579.3 4,594.9 4,608.6 13.7

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............ 2,926.5 2,966.1 2,967.5 2,974.3 2,935.0 2,967.5 2,971.2 2,974.6 2,980.8 2,982.5 1.7

Nursing care facilities ................................... 1,591.4 1,604.8 1,605.2 1,606.1 1,595.7 1,605.9 1,608.2 1,608.8 1,612.8 1,609.7 -3.1

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,416.2 2,472.9 2,480.7 2,504.1 2,400.8 2,465.6 2,473.6 2,478.0 2,479.5 2,490.2 10.7

Child day care services ................................... 855.7 861.6 865.5 874.5 842.0 856.7 857.1 859.2 858.3 861.6 3.3

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 12,987 13,031 13,112 13,303 13,351 13,628 13,635 13,644 13,664 13,682 18

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 1,804.2 1,790.2 1,814.9 1,854.8 1,967.5 2,001.4 2,010.3 2,016.1 2,021.2 2,020.6 -.6

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 381.9 387.7 402.0 404.6 405.6 426.4 429.9 429.5 430.8 429.7 -1.1

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 118.5 121.0 119.6 123.9 127.8 131.6 131.5 132.6 132.2 133.6 1.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,303.8 1,281.5 1,293.3 1,326.3 1,434.1 1,443.4 1,448.9 1,454.0 1,458.2 1,457.3 -.9

Accommodation and food services ...................... 11,182.3 11,241.0 11,296.7 11,447.9 11,383.0 11,626.8 11,624.7 11,628.0 11,642.8 11,661.8 19.0

Accommodation .................................................. 1,801.4 1,770.0 1,773.1 1,790.4 1,856.6 1,870.3 1,858.1 1,854.9 1,851.6 1,847.2 -4.4

Food services and drinking places .................... 9,380.9 9,471.0 9,523.6 9,657.5 9,526.4 9,756.5 9,766.6 9,773.1 9,791.2 9,814.6 23.4

Other services .......................................................... 5,466 5,437 5,473 5,502 5,479 5,506 5,507 5,508 5,515 5,516 1

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,256.7 1,236.5 1,245.7 1,251.8 1,254.7 1,258.0 1,255.5 1,252.9 1,254.1 1,251.7 -2.4

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,296.6 1,286.8 1,291.4 1,302.6 1,303.0 1,309.7 1,306.9 1,306.6 1,307.4 1,308.9 1.5

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,913.1 2,913.8 2,936.1 2,948.0 2,921.1 2,938.0 2,944.4 2,948.9 2,953.8 2,954.9 1.1

Government .............................................................. 22,550 22,211 22,696 22,801 22,143 22,278 22,333 22,336 22,369 22,387 18

Federal ................................................................... 2,713 2,695 2,703 2,711 2,729 2,728 2,735 2,717 2,724 2,726 2

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 1,952.0 1,959.0 1,968.5 1,977.3 1,963.8 1,966.7 1,972.3 1,977.3 1,982.3 1,986.1 3.8

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 760.6 735.5 734.5 733.7 765.0 761.7 763.1 739.7 742.0 740.3 -1.7

State government .................................................. 5,259 5,056 5,288 5,316 5,114 5,131 5,153 5,159 5,166 5,169 3

State government education .............................. 2,466.4 2,247.0 2,471.0 2,496.3 2,313.9 2,314.3 2,332.5 2,335.1 2,339.1 2,342.4 3.3

State government, excluding education ............ 2,792.6 2,808.8 2,816.9 2,819.5 2,799.9 2,816.5 2,820.9 2,824.0 2,826.4 2,826.6 .2

Local government .................................................. 14,578 14,460 14,705 14,774 14,300 14,419 14,445 14,460 14,479 14,492 13

Local government education ............................. 8,325.1 8,129.7 8,357.5 8,404.2 7,959.2 7,999.6 8,016.5 8,018.0 8,027.7 8,033.8 6.1

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,252.7 6,330.7 6,347.8 6,369.8 6,340.4 6,419.2 6,428.2 6,441.5 6,450.8 6,457.7 6.9

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing

and residential care facilities.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for

the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing

NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more

details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Mar. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

Change

from:

Feb. 2008-

Mar. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 33.7 33.3 33.4 33.9 33.9 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.8 0.1

Goods-producing .......................................... 40.4 40.0 39.8 40.5 40.6 40.7 40.5 40.4 40.4 40.6 .2

Natural resources and mining .............................. 45.4 45.0 45.2 45.7 46.0 46.2 45.8 45.7 45.8 46.2 .4

Construction ............................................................ 38.7 37.9 37.5 38.6 39.1 39.1 39.0 38.8 38.6 39.0 .4

Manufacturing ......................................................... 41.1 40.9 40.7 41.2 41.2 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.2 41.3 .1

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 .1

Durable goods ..................................................... 41.4 41.2 41.0 41.5 41.4 41.5 41.3 41.4 41.5 41.5 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 .0

Wood products .................................................. 39.2 38.2 37.9 38.2 39.5 39.0 39.2 39.0 39.0 38.6 -.4

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 41.8 41.0 40.8 42.9 42.5 42.9 41.5 42.2 42.3 43.4 1.1

Primary metals .................................................. 43.2 42.5 42.4 43.5 43.2 42.7 42.2 42.5 42.7 43.4 .7

Fabricated metal products .............................. 41.5 41.5 41.3 41.8 41.6 41.7 41.6 41.6 41.7 41.9 .2

Machinery .......................................................... 42.4 43.1 42.8 42.9 42.3 42.9 42.9 43.1 43.0 42.9 -.1

Computer and electronic products ................ 40.4 40.1 40.2 40.9 40.4 40.9 40.5 40.4 40.6 40.9 .3

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 40.8 41.4 40.8 41.2 41.0 41.2 41.6 41.4 41.3 41.4 .1

Transportation equipment ............................... 43.0 42.6 42.7 42.5 42.9 42.6 42.1 42.6 42.9 42.4 -.5

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 42.5 42.0 42.4 41.7 42.4 42.1 41.6 42.1 42.6 41.6 -1.0

Furniture and related products ....................... 38.8 37.9 37.7 38.4 39.0 38.9 39.1 38.3 38.2 38.6 .4

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 38.7 38.9 38.5 39.3 38.6 38.8 38.8 39.0 38.8 39.1 .3

Nondurable goods ............................................... 40.7 40.4 40.1 40.6 40.8 40.9 40.8 40.6 40.6 40.8 .2

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 .1

Food manufacturing ......................................... 40.5 40.1 39.8 40.8 41.0 40.6 40.4 40.5 40.7 41.2 .5

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 40.4 39.8 39.3 39.6 40.7 40.5 40.8 40.5 40.3 40.0 -.3

Textile mills ........................................................ 40.6 38.7 38.5 39.0 40.4 39.9 40.2 38.7 39.0 38.9 -.1

Textile product mills ......................................... 39.6 38.5 39.1 39.5 39.4 39.1 39.9 38.6 39.4 39.4 .0

Apparel ............................................................... 36.9 36.4 36.5 37.0 36.7 36.9 37.5 36.7 36.7 36.8 .1

Leather and allied products ............................ 38.2 37.9 38.0 39.0 37.9 38.1 39.1 38.2 38.3 38.6 .3

Paper and paper products .............................. 42.7 44.0 43.4 43.4 43.1 43.7 44.0 44.0 44.0 43.8 -.2

Printing and related support activities ........... 39.4 38.2 38.2 38.4 39.2 39.0 38.8 38.4 38.2 38.3 .1

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 44.0 43.6 42.8 42.8 44.6 43.8 44.0 43.8 43.7 43.5 -.2

Chemicals .......................................................... 41.9 41.6 41.3 41.8 41.9 42.1 41.5 41.6 41.4 41.8 .4

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 40.9 41.1 40.9 40.8 40.9 42.1 41.4 41.1 41.2 40.9 -.3

Private service-providing ............................. 32.3 31.9 32.1 32.6 32.5 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.4 .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 33.1 32.8 32.9 33.4 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.4 33.4 33.4 .0

Wholesale trade ................................................... 37.9 37.9 38.0 38.8 38.2 38.1 38.3 38.4 38.3 38.5 .2

Retail trade ........................................................... 29.9 29.7 29.7 30.0 30.2 30.2 30.1 30.2 30.2 30.2 .0

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 36.8 36.0 36.1 36.9 37.1 36.8 36.8 36.6 36.7 36.8 .1

Utilities ................................................................... 42.2 42.7 42.5 42.9 42.5 42.5 42.8 43.1 42.8 43.1 .3

Information ............................................................... 36.4 35.9 36.0 36.8 36.7 36.2 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.6 .4

Financial activities .................................................. 35.7 35.5 35.6 36.2 36.0 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.8 .0

Professional and business services .................... 34.6 34.1 34.4 35.1 34.8 34.7 34.8 34.7 34.6 34.8 .2

Education and health services ............................. 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.5 32.7 .2

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 25.3 24.5 24.9 25.3 25.6 25.3 25.3 25.3 25.3 25.3 .0

Other services ......................................................... 30.9 30.5 30.6 30.9 31.1 30.9 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.9 .1

1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining

and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and

nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries.

These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the

total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, motor

vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

 Mar. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

Total private ....................................... $17.24 $17.80 $17.85 $17.92 $580.99 $592.74 $596.19 $607.49

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 17.24 17.75 17.81 17.86 584.44 598.18 600.20 603.67

Goods-producing .......................................... 18.38 18.90 18.93 19.03 742.55 756.00 753.41 770.72

Natural resources and mining .............................. 20.86 21.96 21.86 22.37 947.04 988.20 988.07 1,022.31

Construction ............................................................ 20.55 21.24 21.35 21.46 795.29 805.00 800.63 828.36

Manufacturing ......................................................... 17.09 17.53 17.55 17.58 702.40 716.98 714.29 724.30

Durable goods ..................................................... 18.02 18.43 18.49 18.52 746.03 759.32 758.09 768.58

Wood products .................................................. 13.58 13.90 13.84 13.99 532.34 530.98 524.54 534.42

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 16.91 16.99 16.82 16.68 706.84 696.59 686.26 715.57

Primary metals .................................................. 19.38 20.04 20.00 20.19 837.22 851.70 848.00 878.27

Fabricated metal products .............................. 16.36 16.77 16.78 16.82 678.94 695.96 693.01 703.08

Machinery .......................................................... 17.70 17.72 17.75 17.81 750.48 763.73 759.70 764.05

Computer and electronic products ................ 19.57 20.51 20.58 20.82 790.63 822.45 827.32 851.54

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 15.96 15.70 15.74 15.65 651.17 649.98 642.19 644.78

Transportation equipment ............................... 22.65 23.34 23.50 23.51 973.95 994.28 1,003.45 999.18

Furniture and related products ....................... 14.30 14.38 14.39 14.47 554.84 545.00 542.50 555.65

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 14.57 14.91 14.88 15.05 563.86 580.00 572.88 591.47

Nondurable goods ............................................... 15.47 15.99 15.92 15.96 629.63 646.00 638.39 647.98

Food manufacturing ......................................... 13.36 13.87 13.75 13.78 541.08 556.19 547.25 562.22

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 18.46 19.55 19.53 19.52 745.78 778.09 767.53 772.99

Textile mills ........................................................ 12.81 13.29 13.35 13.44 520.09 514.32 513.98 524.16

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.83 11.68 11.66 11.81 468.47 449.68 455.91 466.50

Apparel ............................................................... 10.79 11.43 11.47 11.23 398.15 416.05 418.66 415.51

Leather and allied products ............................ 11.83 12.78 12.72 12.91 451.91 484.36 483.36 503.49

Paper and paper products .............................. 18.17 18.78 18.53 18.68 775.86 826.32 804.20 810.71

Printing and related support activities ........... 15.88 16.51 16.55 16.66 625.67 630.68 632.21 639.74

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 24.77 26.55 26.51 27.03 1,089.88 1,157.58 1,134.63 1,156.88

Chemicals .......................................................... 19.46 19.46 19.36 19.26 815.37 809.54 799.57 805.07

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 15.23 15.56 15.59 15.71 622.91 639.52 637.63 640.97

Private service-providing ............................. 16.95 17.52 17.58 17.64 547.49 558.89 564.32 575.06

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 15.63 16.02 16.09 16.16 517.35 525.46 529.36 539.74

Wholesale trade ................................................... 19.26 20.01 20.04 20.09 729.95 758.38 761.52 779.49

Retail trade ........................................................... 12.71 12.78 12.83 12.91 380.03 379.57 381.05 387.30

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 17.48 18.08 18.14 18.11 643.26 650.88 654.85 668.26

Utilities ................................................................... 27.68 28.62 28.57 28.99 1,168.10 1,222.07 1,214.23 1,243.67

Information ............................................................... 23.73 24.44 24.43 24.52 863.77 877.40 879.48 902.34

Financial activities .................................................. 19.48 19.96 20.07 20.21 695.44 708.58 714.49 731.60

Professional and business services .................... 19.88 20.65 20.76 20.94 687.85 704.17 714.14 734.99

Education and health services ............................. 17.91 18.61 18.57 18.57 580.28 604.83 601.67 607.24

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 10.23 10.73 10.81 10.79 258.82 262.89 269.17 272.99

Other services ......................................................... 15.35 15.74 15.79 15.88 474.32 480.07 483.17 490.69

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector 

and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total private:

 Mar. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Feb. 2008-

Mar. 2008 p

Current dollars ................................................ $17.24 $17.64 $17.70 $17.75 $17.81 $17.86 0.3

Constant (1982) dollars 2................................. 8.33 8.27 8.27 8.26 8.29 N.A.

Goods-producing .......................................................... 18.49 18.84 18.90 18.98 19.04 19.12 .4

Natural resources and mining .............................................. 20.74 21.02 21.54 21.75 21.80 22.16 1.7

Construction ............................................................................ 20.70 21.20 21.30 21.38 21.47 21.59 .6

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 17.11 17.40 17.41 17.49 17.55 17.59 .2

.....................................................

4 Excluding overtime 16.26 16.58 16.60 16.68 16.74 16.76 .1

Durable goods ..................................................................... 18.05 18.31 18.33 18.41 18.49 18.53 .2

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 15.51 15.85 15.86 15.92 15.94 15.99 .3

Private service-providing ............................................. 16.91 17.33 17.39 17.44 17.49 17.54 .3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 15.64 15.93 16.00 16.02 16.08 16.11 .2

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 19.35 19.86 19.93 19.97 20.03 20.08 .2

Retail trade ........................................................................... 12.70 12.81 12.81 12.80 12.84 12.87 .2

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 17.54 17.93 18.07 18.10 18.22 18.17 -.3

Utilities ................................................................................... 27.61 28.18 28.52 28.61 28.60 28.86 .9

Information ............................................................................... 23.82 24.11 24.18 24.33 24.40 24.50 .4

Financial activities .................................................................. 19.49 19.87 19.91 20.00 20.06 20.13 .3

Professional and business services .................................... 19.86 20.42 20.46 20.53 20.62 20.72 .5

Education and health services ............................................. 17.89 18.43 18.48 18.54 18.57 18.56 -.1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 10.20 10.61 10.65 10.67 10.73 10.76 .3

Other services ......................................................................... 15.26 15.66 15.71 15.74 15.79 15.83 .3

3( )

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical

Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.

3 Change was 0.4 percent from Jan. 2008 to Feb. 2008, the latest

month available.

4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate

of time and one-half.

N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Mar. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Feb. 2008-

Mar. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 105.2 104.1 104.5 106.5 107.1 107.7 107.8 107.4 107.3 107.5 0.2

Goods-producing .......................................... 99.1 96.2 95.1 97.0 102.0 101.5 100.6 100.1 99.6 99.7 .1

Natural resources and mining .............................. 127.9 130.3 130.7 134.3 132.5 136.0 135.6 136.0 136.3 138.7 1.8

Construction ............................................................ 108.3 101.8 99.4 103.2 115.5 113.9 112.7 111.4 110.0 110.5 .5

Manufacturing ......................................................... 93.8 92.3 91.5 92.6 94.5 94.3 93.7 93.6 93.4 93.4 .0

Durable goods ..................................................... 97.1 95.4 94.6 95.5 97.5 97.3 96.5 96.6 96.4 95.9 -.5

Wood products .................................................. 88.9 82.3 80.1 80.5 91.3 86.6 86.9 85.7 84.8 83.2 -1.9

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 93.6 90.6 89.2 94.8 97.7 98.4 94.4 96.8 96.3 98.4 2.2

Primary metals .................................................. 92.4 90.3 90.2 92.6 92.2 90.7 89.6 90.3 90.4 92.2 2.0

Fabricated metal products .............................. 103.8 104.1 103.1 104.7 104.2 105.2 104.8 104.9 104.7 105.2 .5

Machinery .......................................................... 102.5 105.8 104.7 104.8 102.2 104.9 105.0 105.8 105.3 104.9 -.4

Computer and electronic products ................ 101.9 100.7 100.3 102.0 102.3 102.7 101.7 101.5 101.6 102.2 .6

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 87.9 88.3 86.8 88.2 88.3 89.1 89.2 88.5 88.3 88.6 .3

Transportation equipment ............................... 98.6 94.9 95.6 93.6 98.2 97.2 95.2 95.8 96.0 93.4 -2.7

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 88.4 80.2 81.9 78.2 87.8 83.8 81.6 81.9 82.2 77.8 -5.4

Furniture and related products ....................... 86.5 80.4 79.1 80.3 87.1 84.8 84.2 82.0 81.0 81.1 .1

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 90.6 90.3 88.9 90.6 90.7 90.7 91.0 91.2 89.7 90.5 .9

Nondurable goods ............................................... 88.6 87.3 86.3 87.6 89.7 89.2 89.3 88.7 88.4 88.9 .6

Food manufacturing ......................................... 98.2 98.5 97.1 99.8 101.6 100.4 101.0 101.0 101.4 102.9 1.5

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 98.1 84.5 82.4 85.3 102.4 96.3 92.3 89.4 87.7 89.8 2.4

Textile mills ........................................................ 59.0 51.3 51.0 51.3 58.5 53.8 53.8 51.7 51.8 51.0 -1.5

Textile product mills ......................................... 79.2 71.6 72.6 74.7 78.6 75.3 76.4 72.7 73.6 74.3 1.0

Apparel ............................................................... 61.7 56.1 56.6 57.0 61.5 59.2 60.3 58.2 57.5 56.7 -1.4

Leather and allied products ............................ 70.7 71.1 69.5 72.4 69.3 70.5 71.5 71.9 70.6 70.9 .4

Paper and paper products .............................. 84.6 87.7 86.1 86.5 85.9 86.9 87.9 87.9 87.7 87.7 .0

Printing and related support activities ........... 93.1 89.1 88.5 89.4 92.9 91.6 90.6 90.2 89.2 89.5 .3

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 88.4 92.4 93.0 93.1 92.3 96.4 95.1 96.8 98.5 97.3 -1.2

Chemicals .......................................................... 93.0 95.8 95.0 96.0 93.2 95.9 95.6 96.0 95.3 96.1 .8

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 89.9 88.4 88.0 87.6 90.0 91.2 90.1 89.0 89.1 88.0 -1.2

Private service-providing ............................. 106.8 106.2 107.0 109.3 108.5 109.5 109.7 109.7 109.3 109.6 .3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 102.3 102.7 101.7 103.6 104.6 105.1 105.1 105.3 105.1 105.0 -.1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 106.5 108.8 108.9 111.5 108.1 110.4 111.1 111.3 110.9 111.5 .5

Retail trade ........................................................... 99.1 99.3 97.4 98.9 101.6 101.9 101.4 101.6 101.2 101.1 -.1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 107.4 106.3 106.4 108.9 109.5 109.4 109.5 108.9 109.5 109.7 .2

Utilities ................................................................... 94.8 97.4 96.2 97.0 96.0 96.7 97.5 98.7 97.5 98.0 .5

Information ............................................................... 99.3 98.1 98.7 101.0 100.3 99.4 99.7 99.9 99.5 100.5 1.0

Financial activities .................................................. 107.7 106.5 106.9 108.9 109.2 108.2 108.2 108.2 108.2 108.3 .1

Professional and business services .................... 112.7 111.4 112.7 115.2 114.8 115.9 116.7 116.1 115.5 115.8 .3

Education and health services ............................. 111.6 113.4 114.6 116.2 111.4 113.8 114.1 114.5 114.4 115.3 .8

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 106.1 102.9 105.3 108.7 110.5 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.8 111.9 .1

Other services ......................................................... 98.4 96.8 97.9 99.5 99.4 99.5 99.2 99.3 99.5 99.8 .3

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and

motor vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by

dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by

the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours

estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours

and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Mar. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008p

 Mar. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Feb. 2008-

Mar. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 121.2 123.9 124.6 127.6 123.3 127.0 127.5 127.4 127.7 128.3 0.5

Goods-producing .......................................... 111.6 111.4 110.2 113.1 115.5 117.1 116.5 116.4 116.1 116.8 .6

Natural resources and mining .............................. 155.1 166.4 166.1 174.7 159.8 166.3 169.8 172.0 172.8 178.8 3.5

Construction ............................................................ 120.1 116.7 114.6 119.5 129.1 130.4 129.6 128.6 127.6 128.8 .9

Manufacturing ......................................................... 104.8 105.8 105.0 106.4 105.8 107.3 106.7 107.1 107.2 107.4 .2

Durable goods ..................................................... 109.3 109.8 109.2 110.4 109.8 111.2 110.4 111.1 111.2 111.0 -.2

Nondurable goods ............................................... 96.8 98.6 97.1 98.8 98.3 99.9 100.0 99.8 99.6 100.4 .8

Private service-providing ............................. 124.2 127.6 129.0 132.2 125.8 130.2 130.8 131.2 131.1 131.9 .6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 114.1 117.3 116.8 119.5 116.7 119.4 119.9 120.3 120.5 120.7 .2

Wholesale trade ................................................... 120.8 128.3 128.5 132.0 123.2 129.2 130.4 130.9 130.9 131.9 .8

Retail trade ........................................................... 107.9 108.8 107.2 109.4 110.6 111.9 111.3 111.4 111.4 111.5 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 119.1 121.9 122.5 125.1 121.8 124.4 125.5 125.1 126.5 126.5 .0

Utilities ................................................................... 109.6 116.4 114.7 117.3 110.7 113.7 116.1 117.8 116.4 118.1 1.5

Information ............................................................... 116.7 118.7 119.3 122.5 118.2 118.7 119.4 120.3 120.2 121.9 1.4

Financial activities .................................................. 129.7 131.4 132.6 136.1 131.6 133.0 133.2 133.8 134.2 134.7 .4

Professional and business services .................... 133.3 136.9 139.2 143.6 135.7 140.9 142.1 141.8 141.7 142.7 .7

Education and health services ............................. 131.4 138.7 139.9 141.9 131.0 137.8 138.6 139.5 139.6 140.7 .8

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 123.3 125.3 129.2 133.2 128.0 134.4 135.0 135.2 136.2 136.8 .4

Other services ......................................................... 110.1 111.0 112.7 115.1 110.5 113.5 113.6 113.9 114.5 115.2 .6

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated

by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate payrolls

by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate

payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory

worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries

Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries

1

1

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Time span

2004 ......................................................... 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7

2006 ......................................................... 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5

2008 ......................................................... 45.4 p 43.6 p 47.6

2004 ......................................................... 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4

2007 ......................................................... 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4

2008 ......................................................... 46.7 p 46.2 p 42.9

2004 ......................................................... 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0

2005 ......................................................... 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0

2006 ......................................................... 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8

2008 ......................................................... 51.5 p 50.2 p 45.4

2004 ......................................................... 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8

2005 ......................................................... 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5

2007 ......................................................... 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7

2008 ......................................................... 53.8 p 54.9 p 50.7

2004 ......................................................... 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9

2005 ......................................................... 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0

2006 ......................................................... 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3

2007 ......................................................... 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3

2008 ......................................................... 40.5 p 29.2 p 39.3

2004 ......................................................... 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4

2006 ......................................................... 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5

2007 ......................................................... 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7

2008 ......................................................... 35.7 p 28.0 p 28.6

2004 ......................................................... 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3

2006 ......................................................... 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8

2007 ......................................................... 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7

2008 ......................................................... 34.5 p 34.5 p 33.9

2004 ......................................................... 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6

2005 ......................................................... 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1

2006 ......................................................... 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0

2007 ......................................................... 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9

2008 ......................................................... 29.8 p 29.8 p 26.8

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing

plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where

50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing

and decreasing employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment

and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.

See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.