For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, February 14, 2024 USDL-24-0267

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – DECEMBER 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 4 states and increased in 3 states on the last business day of December, 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 2 states and decreased in 1

state. Total separations rates decreased in 5 states and increased in 2 states. Nationally, the job openings, 

hires, and total separations rates showed little or no change in December. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 

layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In December, job openings rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 3 states, and were little changed in 

43 states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in job openings rates occurred in Maine

(-1.1 percentage points) and North Dakota (-0.8 point), as well as in Illinois and Wisconsin

(-0.6 point each). The increases occurred in Michigan (+1.2 points), Louisiana (+0.7 point), and 

California (+0.4 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate was unchanged. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 7 states, increased in 4 states, and was little changed in 39

states and the District of Columbia in December. The largest decreases in the job openings level 

occurred in Illinois (-42,000), Arizona (-21,000), and Wisconsin (-20,000). The largest increases 

occurred in California (+79,000), Michigan (+63,000), and Louisiana (+15,000). Nationally, the number 

of job openings changed little. (See table 1.)

Hires

In December, hires rates increased in 2 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 47 states 

and the District of Columbia. The increases in the hires rate occurred in Nevada (+0.9 percentage point)

and in California (+0.5 point). The decrease occurred in Georgia (-0.7 point). The national hires rate 

changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 4 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 45 states and 

the District of Columbia in December. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in California

(+81,000), Arizona (+20,000), and Nevada (+15,000). The decrease occurred in Georgia

(-36,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Total Separations

In December, total separations rates decreased in 5 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed 

in 43 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in total separations rates occurred in 

Michigan (-1.1 percentage points), and in Oregon and South Dakota (-0.9 point each). The increases 

occurred in Maryland (+0.9 point) and South Carolina (+0.8 point). Over the month, the national total 

separations rate was unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 5 states, increased in 2 states, and was little changed in 

43 states and the District of Columbia in December. The largest decreases in the total separations level 

occurred in Michigan (-50,000), Pennsylvania (-28,000), and Colorado (-20,000). The increases 

occurred in Maryland (+23,000) and South Carolina (+18,000). Nationally, the number of total 

separations changed little over the month. (See table 3.)

Quits

In December, quits rates decreased in 9 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 40 states 

and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Michigan

(-1.0 percentage point), South Dakota (-0.9 point), and Oregon (-0.8 point). The increase occurred in 

Georgia (+0.6 point). Over the month, the national quits rate was unchanged. (See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 10 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 39 states and 

the District of Columbia in December. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Michigan 

(-41,000) and Arizona (-17,000), as well as in Indiana and Oregon (-16,000 each). The increase occurred 

in Georgia (+29,000). Nationally, the number of quits was little changed. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In December, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 3 states and were little changed in 47 states and 

the District of Columbia. The increases occurred in Maryland (+0.7 percentage point), Indiana

(+0.4 point), and Illinois (+0.3 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was 

unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 4 states and was little changed in 46 states and the 

District of Columbia in December. The largest increases occurred in Illinois (+21,000), Maryland 

(+20,000), and Indiana (+12,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. 

(See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 

charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#. 

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for January 2024 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, March 19, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for 

job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and

total separations. The JOLTS program covers all 

private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data 

for January 2023, industries are classified in 

accordance with the 2022 North American Industry 

Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can be 

full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, 

short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether or 

not the employer can find a suitable candidate 

during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers from 

outside the establishment to fill the position. 

Active recruiting means that the establishment is 

taking steps to fill a position. It may include 

advertising in newspapers, on television, or on 

the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking, or making “word-ofmouth” announcements; accepting applications; 

interviewing candidates; contacting employment 

agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, 

state or local employment offices, or similar 

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work; and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season).

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Other separations comprise 

less than 8 percent of total separations. Other 

separations rates are generally very low, and other 

separations variance estimates are relatively high. 

Consequently, the other separations component is not 

published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the 

same location; employees on strike; employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The 

separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges

rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. The JOLTS sample of 

21,000 establishments does not directly support the 

production of sample-based state estimates. However, 

state estimates have been produced by combining the 

available sample with model-based estimates. 

 The state estimates consist of four major 

estimating models; the Composite Regional model

(an unpublished intermediate model), the Synthetic

model (an unpublished intermediate model), the 

Composite Synthetic model (published historical 

series through the most current benchmark year), and 

the Extended Composite Synthetic model (published 

current-year monthly series). The Composite 

Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS 

regional published estimates, and Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The 

Composite Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata 

and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly 

employment changes in microdata from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and 

JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 

Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite 

Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite 

Synthetic model by the ratio of the current Composite 

Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional 

model estimate from the previous year. 

 The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and 

its major component—the Composite Regional 

model) is used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

estimates because all of the inputs required by this 

model are available at the time monthly estimate are 

produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model 

(and its major component—the Synthetic model) can 

only be produced when the latest QCEW data are 

available. The Extended Composite Synthetic model 

estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

model estimates during the annual JOLTS retabulation process. The extension of the Composite 

Synthetic model using current data-based Composite 

Regional model estimates ensures that the Composite 

Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic 

trends. 

 The Composite Regional approach calculates 

state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata 

using sample weights and the adjustments for nonresponse. The Composite Regional estimate is then 

benchmarked to CES state-supersector employment 

to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS

sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 

sample for each state-supersector cell. The small 

JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 

cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable 

estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level 

estimates derived directly from the JOLTS sample 

are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when 

the number of respondents is low (that is, less than 

30). This approach is known as a composite estimate,

which leverages the small JOLTS sample to the 

greatest extent possible and supplements that with a 

model-based estimate. Previous research has found 

that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at 

finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 

make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the

regional-level using only national industry-level 

JOLTS rates. The assumption in this approach is that 

one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates 

at the state-level using only regional industry-level 

JOLTS rates.)

 In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based 

estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all 

state-supersector cells that have 30 or more 

respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be 

used, without a sample-based component, in all statesupersector cells that have fewer than five 

respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5 to 30 
respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a 

composition of a weighted estimate of the microdatabased estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS 

regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS 

data in those cells is proportional the number of 

JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n∕30, where n 

is the number of respondents). The sum of state 

estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned 

regional JOLTS published regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal 

adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to 

seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all 

relevant data, up to and including the current month, 

to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving 

averages are used as seasonal filters in seasonal 

adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes 

both additive and multiplicative models, as well as 

regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) 

modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The 

JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from 

three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 

These state estimates are published as a historical 

series made up of a historical annually revised 

benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic 

model and a current component of the Extended 

Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly 

"real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual 

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations 

quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by 

dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 

levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a 

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. For sampling error estimates, see

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for 

both sampling error and the error attributable to 

modeling. A small area domain model uses a 

Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS 

state variance. The small area model uses QCEWbased JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a 

Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior 
distribution using JOLTS microdata and samplebased variance estimates at the state and US Census 

regional level to generate a Bayesian posterior 

distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution 

has been generated, estimates of JOLTS state 

variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from 

the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian 

approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error 

and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Dec.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Change

from:

Nov.

2023 -

Dec.

2023p

Dec.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Change

from:

Nov.

2023 -

Dec.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 11,234 9,350 8,852 8,925 9,026 101 6.8 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.4 0.0

Alabama.................................. 157 138 122 119 133 14 6.8 6.0 5.4 5.2 5.8 0.6

Alaska..................................... 31 26 25 26 23 -3 8.7 7.4 7.1 7.3 6.5 -0.8

Arizona.................................... 209 193 184 184 163 -21 6.3 5.7 5.5 5.5 4.9 -0.6

Arkansas.................................. 102 88 81 81 82 1 7.0 6.1 5.6 5.6 5.7 0.1

California................................. 1,244 867 800 751 830 79 6.5 4.6 4.2 4.0 4.4 0.4

Colorado.................................. 222 202 211 224 207 -17 7.1 6.5 6.7 7.1 6.6 -0.5

Connecticut............................... 116 102 88 88 94 6 6.5 5.7 4.9 4.9 5.3 0.4

Delaware................................. 38 33 30 30 31 1 7.4 6.3 5.8 5.8 6.0 0.2

District of Columbia..................... 47 43 37 40 43 3 5.8 5.2 4.5 4.9 5.2 0.3

Florida..................................... 673 606 590 548 535 -13 6.5 5.8 5.7 5.3 5.1 -0.2

Georgia................................... 389 353 333 302 313 11 7.4 6.7 6.3 5.7 5.9 0.2

Hawaii..................................... 37 32 30 29 27 -2 5.6 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.1 -0.3

Idaho...................................... 68 55 56 52 47 -5 7.5 6.0 6.1 5.7 5.2 -0.5

Illinois..................................... 451 371 326 412 370 -42 6.9 5.7 5.0 6.3 5.7 -0.6

Indiana.................................... 213 168 165 161 149 -12 6.2 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.3 -0.4

Iowa....................................... 128 83 90 89 89 0 7.5 5.0 5.4 5.3 5.3 0.0

Kansas.................................... 110 81 79 87 86 -1 7.1 5.3 5.2 5.6 5.6 0.0

Kentucky.................................. 148 131 118 116 118 2 7.0 6.1 5.5 5.4 5.5 0.1

Louisiana................................. 181 148 122 117 132 15 8.5 7.0 5.8 5.6 6.3 0.7

Maine..................................... 45 45 44 44 36 -8 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.3 5.2 -1.1

Maryland.................................. 205 183 173 177 177 0 7.0 6.2 5.9 6.0 6.0 0.0

Massachusetts........................... 268 255 239 228 234 6 6.7 6.3 5.9 5.7 5.8 0.1

Michigan.................................. 378 242 234 263 326 63 7.9 5.2 5.0 5.6 6.8 1.2

Minnesota................................ 239 201 192 209 210 1 7.5 6.3 6.0 6.5 6.5 0.0

Mississippi................................ 90 83 88 80 79 -1 7.1 6.6 7.0 6.4 6.3 -0.1

Missouri................................... 220 180 176 174 162 -12 6.9 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.1 -0.4

Montana.................................. 46 36 36 35 33 -2 8.2 6.5 6.5 6.3 5.9 -0.4

Nebraska................................. 77 59 55 61 59 -2 6.9 5.3 5.0 5.5 5.3 -0.2

Nevada.................................... 106 99 88 85 78 -7 6.5 5.9 5.3 5.1 4.7 -0.4

New Hampshire.......................... 51 44 41 40 39 -1 6.8 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.2 -0.2

New Jersey............................... 266 228 215 224 221 -3 5.8 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.8 -0.1

New Mexico.............................. 63 57 56 57 54 -3 6.9 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.8 -0.3

New York................................. 483 466 457 467 472 5 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6 0.0

North Carolina........................... 367 312 290 294 295 1 7.0 5.9 5.5 5.6 5.6 0.0

North Dakota............................. 31 28 28 29 25 -4 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.2 5.4 -0.8

Ohio....................................... 422 354 338 323 330 7 7.1 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.5 0.1

Oklahoma................................. 128 113 105 109 111 2 6.9 6.1 5.7 5.9 6.0 0.1

Oregon.................................... 140 116 112 103 94 -9 6.6 5.5 5.3 4.9 4.5 -0.4

Pennsylvania............................. 457 380 390 381 388 7 7.0 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.9 0.1

Rhode Island............................. 38 31 31 30 32 2 7.1 5.9 5.9 5.7 6.0 0.3

South Carolina........................... 190 172 164 166 170 4 7.7 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.8 0.1

South Dakota............................ 31 28 27 29 28 -1 6.4 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.6 -0.2

Tennessee................................ 253 293 215 207 214 7 7.1 8.1 6.1 5.9 6.1 0.2

Texas..................................... 1,029 795 742 854 902 48 7.0 5.4 5.0 5.7 6.0 0.3

Utah....................................... 122 102 97 85 85 0 6.7 5.6 5.3 4.7 4.7 0.0

Vermont................................... 22 20 19 19 17 -2 6.7 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.3 -0.5

Virginia.................................... 352 260 259 254 275 21 7.9 5.9 5.9 5.7 6.2 0.5

Washington............................... 226 170 172 168 152 -16 5.9 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.0 -0.4

West Virginia............................. 67 54 53 52 52 0 8.8 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.8 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 236 206 211 205 185 -20 7.3 6.4 6.5 6.4 5.8 -0.6

Wyoming.................................. 24 19 19 18 18 0 7.7 6.1 6.1 5.7 5.7 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Dec.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Change

from:

Nov.

2023 -

Dec.

2023p

Dec.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Change

from:

Nov.

2023 -

Dec.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,251 5,904 5,828 5,554 5,621 67 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 0.1

Alabama.................................. 107 92 79 83 87 4 5.0 4.3 3.7 3.8 4.0 0.2

Alaska..................................... 21 18 17 19 19 0 6.5 5.5 5.2 5.8 5.8 0.0

Arizona.................................... 142 130 138 115 135 20 4.5 4.1 4.4 3.6 4.2 0.6

Arkansas.................................. 68 59 55 59 60 1 5.0 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.4 0.1

California................................. 550 560 550 457 538 81 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.5 3.0 0.5

Colorado.................................. 120 117 130 129 132 3 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.5 0.1

Connecticut............................... 60 59 63 55 59 4 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.5 0.3

Delaware................................. 25 25 24 23 23 0 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.7 0.0

District of Columbia..................... 24 24 23 24 23 -1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9 -0.2

Florida..................................... 381 427 396 400 416 16 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.2 0.1

Georgia................................... 243 214 224 213 177 -36 5.0 4.3 4.5 4.3 3.6 -0.7

Hawaii..................................... 24 21 21 17 20 3 3.8 3.3 3.3 2.7 3.2 0.5

Idaho...................................... 42 38 38 36 39 3 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.5 0.3

Illinois..................................... 247 197 225 226 208 -18 4.1 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.4 -0.3

Indiana.................................... 142 122 138 123 115 -8 4.4 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Iowa....................................... 64 52 62 55 48 -7 4.0 3.3 3.9 3.5 3.0 -0.5

Kansas.................................... 66 49 51 52 53 1 4.6 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 0.0

Kentucky.................................. 92 104 76 74 83 9 4.7 5.1 3.7 3.7 4.1 0.4

Louisiana................................. 100 108 86 90 89 -1 5.2 5.5 4.4 4.6 4.5 -0.1

Maine..................................... 27 26 25 24 23 -1 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Maryland.................................. 116 109 107 111 94 -17 4.3 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.4 -0.6

Massachusetts........................... 116 125 112 104 110 6 3.1 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.9 0.2

Michigan.................................. 176 142 151 155 137 -18 4.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.1 -0.4

Minnesota................................ 119 111 110 112 107 -5 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Mississippi................................ 57 53 52 50 49 -1 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Missouri................................... 152 110 110 100 98 -2 5.1 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.3 0.0

Montana.................................. 29 25 28 23 28 5 5.6 4.8 5.4 4.4 5.3 0.9

Nebraska................................. 42 38 37 38 35 -3 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Nevada.................................... 71 62 64 55 70 15 4.7 4.0 4.1 3.5 4.4 0.9

New Hampshire.......................... 30 29 28 28 27 -1 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.8 -0.2

New Jersey............................... 147 163 152 164 152 -12 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.5 -0.3

New Mexico.............................. 36 34 35 32 32 0 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.7 0.0

New York................................. 329 274 282 295 295 0 3.4 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 0.0

North Carolina........................... 230 194 174 164 159 -5 4.7 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.2 -0.1

North Dakota............................. 19 18 18 18 16 -2 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.6 -0.5

Ohio....................................... 202 231 204 180 191 11 3.6 4.1 3.6 3.2 3.4 0.2

Oklahoma................................. 83 85 81 76 74 -2 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Oregon.................................... 77 76 79 67 70 3 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.5 0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 179 220 193 196 182 -14 2.9 3.6 3.1 3.2 2.9 -0.3

Rhode Island............................. 21 21 21 20 20 0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.0 0.0

South Carolina........................... 122 105 106 94 103 9 5.4 4.5 4.6 4.0 4.4 0.4

South Dakota............................ 20 18 19 19 18 -1 4.4 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Tennessee................................ 154 159 140 130 138 8 4.7 4.8 4.2 3.9 4.2 0.3

Texas..................................... 613 550 579 555 579 24 4.5 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.1 0.2

Utah....................................... 78 69 73 65 70 5 4.6 4.0 4.2 3.8 4.1 0.3

Vermont................................... 13 13 13 13 12 -1 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.9 -0.3

Virginia.................................... 177 173 167 161 154 -7 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Washington............................... 134 112 117 107 113 6 3.7 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.1 0.2

West Virginia............................. 36 34 33 30 31 1 5.2 4.8 4.7 4.2 4.3 0.1

Wisconsin................................. 111 96 108 103 95 -8 3.7 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.1 -0.3

Wyoming.................................. 15 13 13 13 14 1 5.2 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.7 0.3

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Dec.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Change

from:

Nov.

2023 -

Dec.

2023p

Dec.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Change

from:

Nov.

2023 -

Dec.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 5,906 5,595 5,632 5,401 5,365 -36 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 0.0

Alabama.................................. 93 86 85 85 80 -5 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Alaska..................................... 20 18 17 17 18 1 6.2 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.5 0.3

Arizona.................................... 125 135 133 132 120 -12 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.2 3.8 -0.4

Arkansas.................................. 58 56 52 56 54 -2 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.1 4.0 -0.1

California................................. 616 520 494 513 517 4 3.4 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 0.0

Colorado.................................. 122 100 118 117 97 -20 4.2 3.4 4.0 4.0 3.3 -0.7

Connecticut............................... 58 51 59 51 57 6 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.4 0.4

Delaware................................. 22 24 24 21 20 -1 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.1 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 26 23 24 24 22 -2 3.4 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.8 -0.3

Florida..................................... 373 391 381 385 374 -11 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Georgia................................... 204 202 204 185 206 21 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.7 4.2 0.5

Hawaii..................................... 22 23 18 19 19 0 3.5 3.6 2.8 3.0 3.0 0.0

Idaho...................................... 51 43 37 42 37 -5 6.1 5.0 4.3 4.9 4.3 -0.6

Illinois..................................... 217 185 194 172 191 19 3.6 3.0 3.2 2.8 3.1 0.3

Indiana.................................... 143 129 125 132 126 -6 4.4 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Iowa....................................... 61 54 55 57 54 -3 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.4 -0.2

Kansas.................................... 56 56 46 52 55 3 3.9 3.9 3.2 3.6 3.8 0.2

Kentucky.................................. 87 88 77 76 70 -6 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Louisiana................................. 93 100 96 81 86 5 4.8 5.1 4.9 4.1 4.4 0.3

Maine..................................... 26 25 33 27 24 -3 4.0 3.9 5.1 4.1 3.7 -0.4

Maryland.................................. 123 107 110 89 112 23 4.5 3.9 4.0 3.2 4.1 0.9

Massachusetts........................... 97 82 113 102 102 0 2.6 2.2 3.0 2.7 2.7 0.0

Michigan.................................. 161 146 138 161 111 -50 3.7 3.3 3.1 3.6 2.5 -1.1

Minnesota................................ 98 119 96 106 100 -6 3.3 4.0 3.2 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Mississippi................................ 50 54 52 48 49 1 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.2 0.1

Missouri................................... 119 114 106 98 101 3 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.4 0.1

Montana.................................. 28 30 30 28 27 -1 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.2 -0.2

Nebraska................................. 36 38 33 38 38 0 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.6 0.0

Nevada.................................... 65 60 59 62 60 -2 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 -0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 28 27 31 24 24 0 4.0 3.8 4.4 3.4 3.4 0.0

New Jersey............................... 155 129 183 140 138 -2 3.6 3.0 4.2 3.2 3.2 0.0

New Mexico.............................. 33 35 33 34 30 -4 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.4 -0.5

New York................................. 280 260 299 291 277 -14 2.9 2.7 3.1 3.0 2.8 -0.2

North Carolina........................... 179 202 205 167 180 13 3.7 4.1 4.2 3.4 3.6 0.2

North Dakota............................. 20 18 15 19 19 0 4.6 4.1 3.4 4.3 4.3 0.0

Ohio....................................... 208 202 201 188 187 -1 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.3 0.0

Oklahoma................................. 74 70 73 63 66 3 4.3 4.0 4.2 3.6 3.8 0.2

Oregon.................................... 68 79 77 76 58 -18 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.8 2.9 -0.9

Pennsylvania............................. 203 177 234 190 162 -28 3.3 2.9 3.8 3.1 2.6 -0.5

Rhode Island............................. 21 19 22 19 20 1 4.2 3.8 4.4 3.8 4.0 0.2

South Carolina........................... 113 113 101 81 99 18 5.0 4.9 4.4 3.5 4.3 0.8

South Dakota............................ 20 19 17 23 19 -4 4.4 4.1 3.6 4.9 4.0 -0.9

Tennessee................................ 142 142 150 131 138 7 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.0 4.2 0.2

Texas..................................... 580 524 497 478 529 51 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.8 0.4

Utah....................................... 84 73 65 73 75 2 5.0 4.2 3.8 4.2 4.3 0.1

Vermont................................... 13 12 14 12 13 1 4.3 3.9 4.6 3.9 4.2 0.3

Virginia.................................... 154 147 156 141 150 9 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.6 0.2

Washington............................... 128 123 98 117 104 -13 3.6 3.4 2.7 3.2 2.8 -0.4

West Virginia............................. 31 35 33 29 33 4 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.1 4.6 0.5

Wisconsin................................. 110 109 101 110 105 -5 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Wyoming.................................. 16 15 14 15 14 -1 5.5 5.1 4.8 5.1 4.7 -0.4

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Dec.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Change

from:

Nov.

2023 -

Dec.

2023p

Dec.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Change

from:

Nov.

2023 -

Dec.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 4,091 3,646 3,628 3,524 3,392 -132 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 0.0

Alabama.................................. 68 56 58 54 57 3 3.2 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.6 0.1

Alaska..................................... 14 11 10 11 10 -1 4.3 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.0 -0.4

Arizona.................................... 94 93 87 82 65 -17 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.0 -0.6

Arkansas.................................. 41 37 35 38 36 -2 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.6 -0.2

California................................. 416 316 311 310 312 2 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.0

Colorado.................................. 85 65 68 68 53 -15 2.9 2.2 2.3 2.3 1.8 -0.5

Connecticut............................... 36 33 29 30 32 2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 0.1

Delaware................................. 15 16 15 13 13 0 3.1 3.3 3.1 2.7 2.7 0.0

District of Columbia..................... 17 15 15 14 14 0 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 0.0

Florida..................................... 288 283 268 286 261 -25 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.6 -0.3

Georgia................................... 154 140 139 119 148 29 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.4 3.0 0.6

Hawaii..................................... 16 13 11 12 11 -1 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.9 1.7 -0.2

Idaho...................................... 39 28 22 27 21 -6 4.7 3.3 2.6 3.1 2.4 -0.7

Illinois..................................... 143 124 138 131 123 -8 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Indiana.................................... 97 85 88 81 65 -16 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.0 -0.5

Iowa....................................... 41 34 37 39 35 -4 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.2 -0.3

Kansas.................................... 38 33 30 36 36 0 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.5 0.0

Kentucky.................................. 66 60 54 51 46 -5 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Louisiana................................. 65 65 60 53 53 0 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.7 0.0

Maine..................................... 16 14 15 18 14 -4 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.1 -0.6

Maryland.................................. 73 69 69 57 60 3 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.2 0.1

Massachusetts........................... 62 55 59 52 61 9 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 0.2

Michigan.................................. 107 92 90 109 68 -41 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.5 1.5 -1.0

Minnesota................................ 67 65 68 76 67 -9 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.2 -0.3

Mississippi................................ 35 35 36 32 33 1 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.8 0.1

Missouri................................... 75 67 73 69 65 -4 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2 -0.1

Montana.................................. 21 18 17 17 16 -1 4.1 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Nebraska................................. 24 24 22 26 24 -2 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Nevada.................................... 48 40 38 37 35 -2 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 -0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 16 15 17 15 14 -1 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.0 -0.1

New Jersey............................... 83 85 88 74 79 5 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.8 0.1

New Mexico.............................. 23 23 22 22 16 -6 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 1.8 -0.7

New York................................. 181 148 161 174 174 0 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 0.0

North Carolina........................... 129 133 134 99 106 7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.0 2.1 0.1

North Dakota............................. 13 12 11 13 12 -1 3.0 2.7 2.5 3.0 2.7 -0.3

Ohio....................................... 147 117 131 130 114 -16 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.0 -0.3

Oklahoma................................. 49 46 50 43 41 -2 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.4 -0.1

Oregon.................................... 52 50 49 52 36 -16 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.8 -0.8

Pennsylvania............................. 125 121 129 126 111 -15 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 -0.2

Rhode Island............................. 12 11 11 12 11 -1 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 -0.2

South Carolina........................... 79 75 65 57 65 8 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.8 0.3

South Dakota............................ 13 12 11 16 12 -4 2.8 2.6 2.4 3.4 2.5 -0.9

Tennessee................................ 96 96 108 85 90 5 2.9 2.9 3.3 2.6 2.7 0.1

Texas..................................... 441 383 363 334 368 34 3.2 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.6 0.2

Utah....................................... 65 47 43 47 47 0 3.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.7 0.0

Vermont................................... 8 7 7 8 8 0 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.6 0.0

Virginia.................................... 108 101 103 93 95 2 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.3 0.1

Washington............................... 85 74 61 71 61 -10 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.7 -0.2

West Virginia............................. 23 23 22 19 22 3 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.1 0.4

Wisconsin................................. 70 72 71 74 68 -6 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 -0.2

Wyoming.................................. 12 10 9 10 8 -2 4.2 3.4 3.1 3.4 2.7 -0.7

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Dec.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Change

from:

Nov.

2023 -

Dec.

2023p

Dec.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Change

from:

Nov.

2023 -

Dec.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 1,475 1,610 1,643 1,531 1,616 85 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Alabama.................................. 20 25 22 25 20 -5 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.9 -0.3

Alaska..................................... 5 6 5 5 6 1 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.8 0.3

Arizona.................................... 23 33 38 43 36 -7 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.1 -0.3

Arkansas.................................. 13 17 14 14 15 1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1

California................................. 159 162 158 171 163 -8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0

Colorado.................................. 25 27 41 39 35 -4 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Connecticut............................... 18 12 25 17 19 2 1.1 0.7 1.5 1.0 1.1 0.1

Delaware................................. 5 7 7 6 6 0 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.0

District of Columbia..................... 6 7 6 7 7 0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0

Florida..................................... 66 89 94 83 93 10 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.1

Georgia................................... 39 49 45 54 47 -7 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Hawaii..................................... 5 7 6 6 7 1 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.2

Idaho...................................... 10 11 12 13 13 0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 0.0

Illinois..................................... 66 52 50 35 56 21 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.3

Indiana.................................... 40 33 32 43 55 12 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.7 0.4

Iowa....................................... 16 17 15 14 16 2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

Kansas.................................... 15 20 13 13 15 2 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

Kentucky.................................. 15 24 18 20 20 0 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.0

Louisiana................................. 20 30 28 22 27 5 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.3

Maine..................................... 8 7 15 7 8 1 1.2 1.1 2.3 1.1 1.2 0.1

Maryland.................................. 41 32 31 25 45 20 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.6 0.7

Massachusetts........................... 27 18 43 39 30 -9 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Michigan.................................. 47 48 41 44 34 -10 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Minnesota................................ 25 48 22 24 30 6 0.8 1.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.2

Mississippi................................ 12 17 12 12 14 2 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.2

Missouri................................... 39 41 27 22 30 8 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.3

Montana.................................. 6 8 12 9 9 0 1.2 1.5 2.3 1.7 1.7 0.0

Nebraska................................. 10 12 8 11 12 1 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.1

Nevada.................................... 14 16 17 21 21 0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.0

New Hampshire.......................... 10 8 11 7 7 0 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.0 1.0 0.0

New Jersey............................... 64 33 84 38 41 3 1.5 0.8 1.9 0.9 0.9 0.0

New Mexico.............................. 7 9 9 9 12 3 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.4

New York................................. 76 94 118 100 83 -17 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 -0.1

North Carolina........................... 42 64 52 58 63 5 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.1

North Dakota............................. 6 6 4 5 6 1 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.3

Ohio....................................... 51 74 58 49 61 12 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.2

Oklahoma................................. 20 21 17 15 21 6 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.3

Oregon.................................... 11 22 23 20 17 -3 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Pennsylvania............................. 64 46 92 46 43 -3 1.1 0.7 1.5 0.7 0.7 0.0

Rhode Island............................. 7 6 9 6 7 1 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.4 0.2

South Carolina........................... 24 35 29 20 30 10 1.1 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.4

South Dakota............................ 6 6 4 5 6 1 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.2

Tennessee................................ 37 42 35 38 42 4 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.2

Texas..................................... 120 123 111 128 137 9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.1

Utah....................................... 16 20 18 23 21 -2 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Vermont................................... 4 3 5 3 4 1 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.3 0.3

Virginia.................................... 35 42 42 36 47 11 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.2

Washington............................... 36 39 31 40 34 -6 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 -0.2

West Virginia............................. 6 10 8 8 8 0 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 35 32 25 28 30 2 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 3 4 4 4 4 0 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Dec.

2022

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Dec.

2022

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 10,164 8,262 8,363 6.1 5.0 5.0

Alabama................................................................. 148 111 128 6.4 4.8 5.5

Alaska................................................................... 28 20 20 8.2 6.0 6.1

Arizona.................................................................. 203 174 150 6.0 5.1 4.4

Arkansas................................................................ 93 69 76 6.4 4.8 5.2

California................................................................ 1,128 707 752 5.9 3.7 3.9

Colorado................................................................ 210 206 200 6.8 6.6 6.4

Connecticut............................................................. 106 84 88 5.9 4.6 4.9

Delaware................................................................ 31 25 27 6.0 4.9 5.2

District of Columbia.................................................... 39 36 37 4.8 4.4 4.5

Florida................................................................... 622 520 492 6.0 5.0 4.7

Georgia.................................................................. 362 283 295 6.9 5.4 5.6

Hawaii................................................................... 42 27 30 6.1 4.1 4.4

Idaho.................................................................... 68 47 46 7.5 5.1 5.1

Illinois.................................................................... 411 368 353 6.3 5.6 5.4

Indiana.................................................................. 182 156 131 5.3 4.5 3.8

Iowa..................................................................... 110 85 83 6.5 5.0 5.0

Kansas.................................................................. 96 83 80 6.2 5.3 5.2

Kentucky................................................................ 134 112 107 6.3 5.2 5.0

Louisiana................................................................ 153 103 117 7.3 4.9 5.5

Maine.................................................................... 44 42 36 6.4 6.0 5.2

Maryland................................................................ 190 152 168 6.5 5.2 5.7

Massachusetts......................................................... 242 208 217 6.1 5.2 5.4

Michigan................................................................ 307 256 273 6.5 5.4 5.8

Minnesota............................................................... 216 187 204 6.8 5.8 6.4

Mississippi.............................................................. 82 69 73 6.5 5.5 5.9

Missouri................................................................. 203 167 152 6.4 5.2 4.8

Montana................................................................. 49 32 35 8.7 5.7 6.3

Nebraska................................................................ 67 57 54 6.0 5.1 4.9

Nevada.................................................................. 99 79 69 6.1 4.7 4.2

New Hampshire........................................................ 52 38 41 6.9 5.1 5.5

New Jersey............................................................. 255 215 219 5.6 4.7 4.8

New Mexico............................................................ 59 52 50 6.4 5.5 5.4

New York............................................................... 444 422 451 4.4 4.1 4.4

North Carolina.......................................................... 319 261 262 6.1 5.0 5.0

North Dakota........................................................... 28 27 24 6.2 5.8 5.1

Ohio..................................................................... 364 303 290 6.1 5.1 4.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 118 98 104 6.4 5.3 5.6

Oregon.................................................................. 140 96 91 6.6 4.5 4.3

Pennsylvania........................................................... 439 359 392 6.7 5.4 5.9

Rhode Island........................................................... 33 26 29 6.3 5.0 5.4

South Carolina......................................................... 175 147 165 7.1 5.9 6.6

South Dakota........................................................... 28 26 26 5.7 5.2 5.3

Tennessee.............................................................. 210 192 182 6.0 5.4 5.2

Texas.................................................................... 860 782 807 5.9 5.2 5.4

Utah..................................................................... 122 77 84 6.7 4.2 4.6

Vermont................................................................. 24 18 19 7.2 5.5 5.9

Virginia.................................................................. 336 235 271 7.5 5.3 6.1

Washington............................................................. 199 155 132 5.3 4.1 3.5

West Virginia........................................................... 60 44 46 7.9 5.7 6.1

Wisconsin............................................................... 208 211 164 6.5 6.5 5.1

Wyoming................................................................ 27 15 20 8.6 4.9 6.5

p Preliminary
Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Dec.

2022

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Dec.

2022

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 4,641 5,067 4,102 3.0 3.2 2.6

Alabama................................................................. 83 73 65 3.9 3.4 3.0

Alaska................................................................... 12 13 11 3.9 4.0 3.5

Arizona.................................................................. 97 104 92 3.1 3.2 2.8

Arkansas................................................................ 46 49 41 3.4 3.6 3.0

California................................................................ 401 464 396 2.2 2.5 2.2

Colorado................................................................ 94 117 106 3.2 4.0 3.6

Connecticut............................................................. 42 50 42 2.5 2.9 2.4

Delaware................................................................ 17 20 15 3.5 4.1 3.0

District of Columbia.................................................... 17 20 16 2.2 2.5 2.0

Florida................................................................... 293 385 324 3.0 3.9 3.2

Georgia.................................................................. 186 190 132 3.8 3.8 2.7

Hawaii................................................................... 20 16 17 3.1 2.6 2.6

Idaho.................................................................... 30 33 28 3.6 3.8 3.2

Illinois.................................................................... 207 213 170 3.4 3.4 2.8

Indiana.................................................................. 108 122 82 3.3 3.7 2.5

Iowa..................................................................... 49 50 37 3.1 3.1 2.3

Kansas.................................................................. 49 47 42 3.4 3.2 2.9

Kentucky................................................................ 68 73 62 3.4 3.6 3.0

Louisiana................................................................ 73 69 56 3.7 3.5 2.8

Maine.................................................................... 19 18 17 3.0 2.8 2.6

Maryland................................................................ 87 104 69 3.2 3.8 2.5

Massachusetts......................................................... 79 84 72 2.1 2.2 1.9

Michigan................................................................ 144 147 105 3.3 3.3 2.4

Minnesota............................................................... 95 102 85 3.2 3.4 2.8

Mississippi.............................................................. 42 46 36 3.6 3.9 3.1

Missouri................................................................. 111 89 70 3.8 2.9 2.3

Montana................................................................. 23 20 23 4.5 3.8 4.4

Nebraska................................................................ 34 34 28 3.3 3.2 2.7

Nevada.................................................................. 46 49 47 3.0 3.1 2.9

New Hampshire........................................................ 23 22 20 3.3 3.1 2.8

New Jersey............................................................. 103 140 102 2.4 3.2 2.3

New Mexico............................................................ 22 27 20 2.6 3.1 2.2

New York............................................................... 225 259 206 2.3 2.6 2.1

North Carolina.......................................................... 155 131 103 3.2 2.6 2.1

North Dakota........................................................... 14 16 12 3.2 3.7 2.6

Ohio..................................................................... 147 175 134 2.6 3.1 2.4

Oklahoma............................................................... 65 68 54 3.7 3.9 3.1

Oregon.................................................................. 56 60 50 2.8 3.0 2.5

Pennsylvania........................................................... 133 184 131 2.2 3.0 2.1

Rhode Island........................................................... 14 16 14 2.9 3.2 2.7

South Carolina......................................................... 92 86 73 4.0 3.7 3.1

South Dakota........................................................... 14 16 13 3.2 3.3 2.8

Tennessee.............................................................. 114 120 96 3.4 3.6 2.9

Texas.................................................................... 465 519 439 3.4 3.6 3.1

Utah..................................................................... 58 58 53 3.4 3.3 3.1

Vermont................................................................. 11 11 10 3.6 3.5 3.2

Virginia.................................................................. 141 147 114 3.4 3.5 2.7

Washington............................................................. 95 86 75 2.7 2.4 2.0

West Virginia........................................................... 26 25 22 3.7 3.5 3.0

Wisconsin............................................................... 84 92 67 2.8 3.0 2.2

Wyoming................................................................ 13 9 11 4.4 3.1 3.9

p Preliminary
Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Dec.

2022

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Dec.

2022

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 5,598 4,784 5,074 3.6 3.0 3.2

Alabama................................................................. 82 72 69 3.8 3.3 3.2

Alaska................................................................... 18 21 15 5.6 6.8 4.9

Arizona.................................................................. 109 111 106 3.4 3.4 3.3

Arkansas................................................................ 52 50 48 3.8 3.7 3.5

California................................................................ 600 442 510 3.3 2.4 2.8

Colorado................................................................ 119 109 93 4.1 3.7 3.2

Connecticut............................................................. 58 45 58 3.4 2.6 3.4

Delaware................................................................ 19 19 16 3.9 3.8 3.4

District of Columbia.................................................... 23 19 21 3.0 2.5 2.7

Florida................................................................... 345 328 339 3.6 3.3 3.4

Georgia.................................................................. 187 152 188 3.8 3.0 3.8

Hawaii................................................................... 17 14 16 2.7 2.2 2.5

Idaho.................................................................... 47 42 37 5.6 4.8 4.3

Illinois.................................................................... 220 163 189 3.6 2.6 3.1

Indiana.................................................................. 129 119 119 4.0 3.6 3.6

Iowa..................................................................... 60 54 50 3.8 3.4 3.2

Kansas.................................................................. 49 47 47 3.4 3.2 3.2

Kentucky................................................................ 78 66 63 3.9 3.2 3.1

Louisiana................................................................ 83 68 74 4.3 3.4 3.7

Maine.................................................................... 26 32 26 4.1 4.9 4.0

Maryland................................................................ 116 72 113 4.2 2.6 4.1

Massachusetts......................................................... 93 93 101 2.5 2.4 2.6

Michigan................................................................ 155 149 105 3.5 3.4 2.4

Minnesota............................................................... 103 111 102 3.5 3.7 3.4

Mississippi.............................................................. 45 38 42 3.8 3.2 3.6

Missouri................................................................. 114 82 96 3.8 2.7 3.2

Montana................................................................. 26 32 24 5.1 6.1 4.5

Nebraska................................................................ 34 35 35 3.2 3.3 3.3

Nevada.................................................................. 61 60 58 4.0 3.8 3.6

New Hampshire........................................................ 29 24 24 4.2 3.4 3.4

New Jersey............................................................. 157 122 135 3.6 2.8 3.1

New Mexico............................................................ 30 29 28 3.5 3.3 3.2

New York............................................................... 277 267 276 2.8 2.7 2.8

North Carolina.......................................................... 153 136 152 3.1 2.7 3.1

North Dakota........................................................... 20 20 19 4.7 4.5 4.3

Ohio..................................................................... 203 164 175 3.6 2.9 3.1

Oklahoma............................................................... 66 53 60 3.8 3.0 3.4

Oregon.................................................................. 65 74 58 3.2 3.7 2.9

Pennsylvania........................................................... 215 178 162 3.5 2.9 2.6

Rhode Island........................................................... 21 19 21 4.2 3.7 4.1

South Carolina......................................................... 103 68 91 4.5 2.9 3.9

South Dakota........................................................... 18 22 18 4.0 4.8 3.8

Tennessee.............................................................. 129 103 122 3.9 3.1 3.7

Texas.................................................................... 534 407 505 3.9 2.9 3.5

Utah..................................................................... 79 68 75 4.6 3.9 4.3

Vermont................................................................. 13 13 13 4.3 4.2 4.2

Virginia.................................................................. 151 117 147 3.6 2.8 3.5

Washington............................................................. 116 113 93 3.2 3.1 2.5

West Virginia........................................................... 28 25 29 4.0 3.6 4.1

Wisconsin............................................................... 108 99 100 3.6 3.3 3.3

Wyoming................................................................ 13 19 12 4.6 6.5 4.0

p Preliminary
Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Dec.

2022

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Dec.

2022

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 3,540 3,015 2,852 2.3 1.9 1.8

Alabama................................................................. 54 45 44 2.5 2.1 2.0

Alaska................................................................... 12 13 8 3.8 4.1 2.5

Arizona.................................................................. 83 67 56 2.6 2.1 1.7

Arkansas................................................................ 34 33 29 2.5 2.4 2.1

California................................................................ 362 265 273 2.0 1.4 1.5

Colorado................................................................ 86 60 49 3.0 2.1 1.7

Connecticut............................................................. 31 25 26 1.8 1.4 1.5

Delaware................................................................ 13 12 10 2.6 2.5 2.1

District of Columbia.................................................... 14 11 11 1.8 1.4 1.4

Florida................................................................... 271 247 239 2.8 2.5 2.4

Georgia.................................................................. 133 96 130 2.7 1.9 2.6

Hawaii................................................................... 12 8 9 2.0 1.3 1.4

Idaho.................................................................... 35 24 18 4.1 2.8 2.1

Illinois.................................................................... 129 116 109 2.1 1.9 1.8

Indiana.................................................................. 81 71 53 2.5 2.1 1.6

Iowa..................................................................... 35 36 28 2.2 2.2 1.7

Kansas.................................................................. 30 32 28 2.1 2.1 1.9

Kentucky................................................................ 56 43 37 2.8 2.1 1.8

Louisiana................................................................ 56 43 41 2.9 2.1 2.0

Maine.................................................................... 13 19 11 2.1 3.0 1.8

Maryland................................................................ 58 47 47 2.1 1.7 1.7

Massachusetts......................................................... 48 46 49 1.3 1.2 1.3

Michigan................................................................ 95 95 59 2.2 2.1 1.3

Minnesota............................................................... 62 71 60 2.1 2.4 2.0

Mississippi.............................................................. 30 25 26 2.6 2.1 2.2

Missouri................................................................. 65 56 55 2.2 1.9 1.8

Montana................................................................. 18 19 12 3.5 3.6 2.3

Nebraska................................................................ 20 22 19 1.9 2.1 1.8

Nevada.................................................................. 44 34 30 2.8 2.1 1.9

New Hampshire........................................................ 12 13 11 1.8 1.8 1.5

New Jersey............................................................. 61 61 57 1.4 1.4 1.3

New Mexico............................................................ 21 19 13 2.4 2.2 1.5

New York............................................................... 165 151 164 1.7 1.5 1.7

North Carolina.......................................................... 105 81 76 2.1 1.6 1.5

North Dakota........................................................... 11 13 10 2.6 2.9 2.3

Ohio..................................................................... 127 106 91 2.3 1.9 1.6

Oklahoma............................................................... 41 35 33 2.4 2.0 1.9

Oregon.................................................................. 47 46 32 2.4 2.3 1.6

Pennsylvania........................................................... 105 108 88 1.7 1.7 1.4

Rhode Island........................................................... 10 10 9 2.0 2.1 1.8

South Carolina......................................................... 68 47 54 3.0 2.0 2.3

South Dakota........................................................... 11 16 9 2.4 3.3 2.0

Tennessee.............................................................. 84 67 73 2.5 2.0 2.2

Texas.................................................................... 371 283 309 2.7 2.0 2.2

Utah..................................................................... 60 40 44 3.5 2.3 2.5

Vermont................................................................. 6 7 6 2.0 2.4 1.9

Virginia.................................................................. 96 76 79 2.3 1.8 1.9

Washington............................................................. 68 62 47 1.9 1.7 1.3

West Virginia........................................................... 19 16 19 2.7 2.3 2.6

Wisconsin............................................................... 62 67 58 2.1 2.2 1.9

Wyoming................................................................ 9 13 6 3.1 4.3 2.2

p Preliminary
Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Dec.

2022

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

Dec.

2022

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 1,698 1,465 1,826 1.1 0.9 1.2

Alabama................................................................. 23 22 21 1.1 1.0 1.0

Alaska................................................................... 4 7 6 1.4 2.2 1.9

Arizona.................................................................. 22 39 33 0.7 1.2 1.0

Arkansas................................................................ 15 13 16 1.1 1.0 1.2

California................................................................ 185 148 185 1.0 0.8 1.0

Colorado................................................................ 25 39 35 0.9 1.3 1.2

Connecticut............................................................. 23 16 25 1.3 0.9 1.5

Delaware................................................................ 5 5 5 1.1 1.1 1.1

District of Columbia.................................................... 6 6 8 0.7 0.8 1.0

Florida................................................................... 55 69 80 0.6 0.7 0.8

Georgia.................................................................. 44 45 49 0.9 0.9 1.0

Hawaii................................................................... 4 4 6 0.6 0.7 0.9

Idaho.................................................................... 10 16 15 1.2 1.8 1.7

Illinois.................................................................... 82 42 68 1.3 0.7 1.1

Indiana.................................................................. 42 43 61 1.3 1.3 1.9

Iowa..................................................................... 21 15 19 1.3 0.9 1.2

Kansas.................................................................. 16 12 15 1.1 0.8 1.0

Kentucky................................................................ 18 19 22 0.9 0.9 1.1

Louisiana................................................................ 21 20 28 1.1 1.0 1.4

Maine.................................................................... 11 10 12 1.7 1.5 1.8

Maryland................................................................ 50 20 60 1.8 0.7 2.2

Massachusetts......................................................... 35 39 39 0.9 1.0 1.0

Michigan................................................................ 53 49 36 1.2 1.1 0.8

Minnesota............................................................... 34 34 38 1.2 1.1 1.3

Mississippi.............................................................. 12 10 14 1.0 0.8 1.2

Missouri................................................................. 42 21 34 1.4 0.7 1.1

Montana................................................................. 7 11 9 1.3 2.1 1.7

Nebraska................................................................ 12 11 14 1.1 1.1 1.3

Nevada.................................................................. 15 23 23 1.0 1.4 1.4

New Hampshire........................................................ 15 8 10 2.1 1.2 1.4

New Jersey............................................................. 90 37 60 2.1 0.8 1.4

New Mexico............................................................ 7 8 12 0.8 0.9 1.4

New York............................................................... 81 99 87 0.8 1.0 0.9

North Carolina.......................................................... 41 45 66 0.8 0.9 1.3

North Dakota........................................................... 8 6 8 1.9 1.3 1.8

Ohio..................................................................... 62 51 68 1.1 0.9 1.2

Oklahoma............................................................... 21 13 23 1.2 0.8 1.3

Oregon.................................................................. 14 25 20 0.7 1.2 1.0

Pennsylvania........................................................... 93 52 65 1.5 0.8 1.0

Rhode Island........................................................... 10 6 9 1.9 1.2 1.9

South Carolina......................................................... 25 17 32 1.1 0.7 1.4

South Dakota........................................................... 7 6 7 1.5 1.2 1.6

Tennessee.............................................................. 37 30 43 1.1 0.9 1.3

Texas.................................................................... 143 111 169 1.0 0.8 1.2

Utah..................................................................... 17 24 23 1.0 1.4 1.3

Vermont................................................................. 6 4 6 1.8 1.3 1.8

Virginia.................................................................. 44 30 59 1.1 0.7 1.4

Washington............................................................. 39 46 36 1.1 1.3 1.0

West Virginia........................................................... 7 7 9 0.9 1.0 1.2

Wisconsin............................................................... 40 27 34 1.3 0.9 1.1

Wyoming................................................................ 3 6 4 1.2 1.9 1.5

p Preliminary