U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – OCTOBER 2020 

U.S. import prices edged down 0.1 percent in October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 

after rising 0.2 percent the previous month. The October decline was driven by lower fuel prices which 

more than offset higher nonfuel prices. In contrast, prices for U.S. exports increased 0.2 percent in October 

following a 0.6-percent advance in September. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: October 2019 – October 2020

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports fell 0.1 percent in October, the first 1-month decline for the index since a 2.6-percent 

drop in April. From April to September, import prices increased 4.3 percent. Despite the recent increases, 

prices for U.S. imports decreased 1.0 percent for the year ended in October. (See table 1.) 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on October 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 

methodology for the October release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 

October were 5.7-percentage points lower than those in October 2019. A small number of indexes that are 

normally published were not published in October. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-october-2020.htm. 

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Oct'19 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct'20

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, November 17, 2020 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-20-2130
2

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices decreased 1.9 percent in October, after a 5.2-percent drop the previous 

month. Lower prices for both natural gas and petroleum contributed to the October decline. Natural gas 

prices fell 18.1 percent in October following increases of 26.3 percent in September and 12.9 percent in 

August. The October decrease was the largest drop since the index fell 22.1 percent in June 2019. The price 

index for import petroleum declined 1.0 percent in October, after decreasing 6.8 percent the previous month. 

Prices for import fuel fell 27.4 percent for the year ended in October. A 29.1-percent decline in petroleum 

prices over the past 12 months more than offset a 20.9-percent advance in natural gas prices. 

 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports rose 0.1 percent in October, after a 0.5-percent 

increase in September and a 0.7-percent advance in August. Nonfuel import prices have not recorded a 1-

month decline since April. The October rise was led by higher prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and 

materials and foods, feeds, and beverages which more than offset falling prices for consumer goods and 

automotive vehicles. The price index for nonfuel imports advanced 1.7 percent over the past 12 months, the 

largest over-the-year increase since the index rose 1.8 percent in May 2018. 

 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices advanced 0.3 

percent in October following a 2.7-percent rise the previous month. In October, the increase was driven by 

higher prices for chemicals and selected building materials. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly down in October. Prices for consumer goods decreased 

0.2 percent, the first decline since April. The October decline was led by lower prices for coins, gems, 

jewelry, and collectibles. Automotive vehicles prices also fell in October, edging down 0.1 percent. Prices 

for capital goods were unchanged. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for foods, feeds, and beverages ticked up 0.1 percent in 

October, after rising 1.1 percent in September. The October increase was led by a 1.9-percent advance in 

fish and shellfish prices which more than offset lower prices for fruit, meat, and coffee. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: October 2019 – October 2020 

Exports 

U.S. export prices increased 0.2 percent in October, continuing the upward trend of the 4 previous months. 

In October, the advance was driven by higher agricultural export prices; prices for nonagricultural exports 

were unchanged. Even with the recent increases, export prices declined 1.6 percent for the year ended in 

October. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 3.4 percent in October, after increasing 

2.8 percent in September. The October advance was the largest rise since the index increased 3.8 percent in 

December 2018. Higher prices for vegetables, corn, soybeans, and dairy products were the largest 

contributors to the October increase in agricultural prices. Agricultural export prices advanced 3.1 percent 

over the past year, the largest 12-month increase since January. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports were unchanged in October, after 

rising in each of the 4 previous months. In October, lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials and capital goods offset an increase in automotive vehicles prices. Despite not recording a 

monthly decline since April, nonagricultural export prices decreased 2.0 percent over the past year. A 6.9-

percent decline in nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials from October 2019 to October 2020 

more than offset higher finished goods prices. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 

and materials exports fell 0.3 percent, the first decline since the index decreased 10.4 percent in April. The 

October drop was led by a 1.2-percent decrease in fuel prices. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in October. Automotive vehicles prices rose 0.3 percent, 

after not changing the 2 previous months. The October rise was the largest monthly advance since January 

and was driven by higher prices for engines and engine parts. In contrast, prices for capital goods edged 

down 0.1 percent in October, the first monthly drop since May. The price index for consumer goods was 

unchanged in October. 

 

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Oct'19 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct'20

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China were unchanged for the second consecutive 

month in October, after increasing 0.1 percent in August and 0.2 percent in July. Prices for imports from 

Japan increased 0.2 percent in October following a 0.1-percent advance in September. The October rise was 

led by higher prices for transportation equipment. Import prices from Japan were unchanged for the year 

ended in October. The price index for imports from the European Union rose 0.2 percent in October and 

advanced 2.0 percent over the past year. In contrast, import prices from Canada and Mexico declined in 

October, falling 0.7 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. Prices for imports from Canada decreased 3.3 

percent from October 2019 to October 2020, and prices for imports from Mexico increased 1.1 percent over 

the same period. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: The price index for exports to China advanced 0.8 percent in October, 

after edging down 0.1 percent in September. Prices for exports to China increased 1.3 percent over the past 

year. Export prices to Japan rose 1.3 percent in October, the largest 1-month advance since a 4.4-percent 

increase in June. The price index for exports to Japan decreased 0.2 percent for the year ended in October 

despite not recording a monthly drop since May. Prices for exports to the European Union declined 0.4 

percent following increases in each of the 4 previous months. Export prices to the European Union fell 1.4 

percent over the past 12 months. Prices for exports to Canada advanced 0.6 percent in October following 

consecutive 0.9-percent increases the 2 previous months. Prices for exports to Mexico rose 1.1 percent in 

October, after a 0.4-percent advance the previous month. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 

China rose 0.8 percent in October, after edging down 0.1 percent in September. The U.S. terms of trade with 

Japan advanced 1.0 percent in October, and have not recorded a monthly decrease since April. The index for 

U.S. terms of trade with the European Union declined 0.6 percent in October following a 0.4-percent drop 

the previous month. In October, a decrease in export prices to the European Union and an increase in import 

prices from the European Union contributed to the decline in the U.S. terms of trade. The U.S. terms of 

trade with Canada advanced 1.3 percent in October, and the U.S. terms of trade with Mexico increased 1.2 

percent. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares increased 3.9 percent following a 4.4-percent rise in September. Higher 

European, Asian, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all contributed to the October advance. Despite the 

recent advances, import air passenger fares decreased 12.4 percent from October 2019 to October 2020. 

Prices for import air freight increased 4.9 percent in October, after falling 2.9 percent the previous month. 

The index for import air freight rose 58.0 percent for the year ended in October. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares fell 4.0 percent in October, the first monthly decline for the index since 

May. The decrease followed advances of 5.9 percent in September, 3.1 percent in August, 5.5 percent in 

July, and 6.4 percent in June. The October drop was led by a 21.0-percent decline in Asian fares which more 

than offset rising Latin American/Caribbean and European fares. Export air passenger fares increased 3.3 

percent over the past year. Export air freight prices fell 6.8 percent in October, the largest 1-month drop 

since the index was first published monthly in December 2005. Export air freight prices declined 4.7 percent 

for the year ended in October. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for November are scheduled for release on Tuesday, December 15, 

2020 at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2019 to

October 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Sep.

20201

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 123.3 123.2 -1.0 1.2 0.8 0.2 -0.1

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 86.603 100.5 100.5 1.6 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.0

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 93.407 113.7 113.7 1.8 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.0

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 92.852 117.6 117.7 1.7 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.249 179.6 179.7 1.9 -1.0 0.5 1.1 0.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.885 196.9 196.3 2.6 -1.3 0.6 1.3 -0.3

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.364 140.5 142.2 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 0.2 1.2

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 21.875 172.6 171.9 -7.2 5.8 3.5 -0.1 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 15.434 164.1 163.7 7.3 1.1 3.8 3.2 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 14.745 185.1 185.7 6.8 1.4 3.6 2.7 0.3

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 9.669 185.9 186.1 11.8 2.0 5.4 3.8 0.1

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.613 136.9 135.8 0.4 -0.2 1.1 2.2 -0.8

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 7.148 151.9 149.0 -27.4 15.2 3.6 -5.2 -1.9

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 6.593 159.9 158.3 -29.1 16.5 3.3 -6.8 -1.0

Crude........................................ 10000 4.421 159.9 157.7 -30.5 21.4 2.6 -6.6 -1.4

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.454 125.0 105.3 15.6 -6.5 10.8 22.2 -15.8

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.397 115.8 94.8 20.9 -7.5 12.9 26.3 -18.1

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.505 108.6 107.9 -5.4 -0.5 -0.7 -0.5 -0.6

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.554 151.8 153.2 -0.8 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.9

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.985 186.9 189.9 32.8 5.7 9.0 10.7 1.6

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 4.016 267.2 266.4 14.0 2.0 8.5 3.9 -0.3

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.849 161.1 160.3 2.2 1.0 0.8 0.5 -0.5

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.818 113.0 113.0 -0.4 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0

Capital goods................................... 2 28.997 88.4 88.4 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.680 121.5 121.6 1.2 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.929 80.3 80.3 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.388 135.7 136.1 -0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.881 111.0 110.9 1.2 -0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.998 107.1 106.9 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 13.347 124.7 124.6 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.376 90.8 90.7 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.276 116.4 116.4 -0.1 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2019 to

October 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Sep.

20201

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 122.8 123.1 -1.6 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.2

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.378 176.0 182.0 3.1 1.6 -2.3 2.8 3.4

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 82.461 102.6 102.7 1.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.1

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.622 118.7 118.7 -2.0 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.0

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.691 179.9 186.3 3.0 1.6 -2.1 2.7 3.6

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.174 179.1 185.6 3.9 1.8 -2.2 2.8 3.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.518 197.1 202.4 -8.2 -0.9 1.2 1.1 2.7

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 31.396 142.3 142.0 -6.6 2.5 2.2 0.6 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 11.542 182.1 181.5 9.1 1.4 4.3 1.3 -0.3

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 19.854 125.9 125.8 -13.8 3.2 1.0 0.2 -0.1

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.176 162.0 165.2 -2.0 0.7 -2.2 2.4 2.0

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 30.220 141.7 141.3 -6.9 2.6 2.3 0.6 -0.3

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 8.847 130.9 129.3 -26.4 6.1 1.2 -0.6 -1.2

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 20.394 162.9 162.9 4.4 1.2 2.9 1.1 0.0

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.978 122.4 124.2 5.1 0.8 1.2 1.8 1.5

Capital goods................................... 2 37.346 111.7 111.6 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.879 120.5 120.4 2.8 0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 24.230 95.0 94.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.237 185.3 185.7 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 9.954 113.9 114.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.613 110.6 110.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.108 109.0 109.0 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.093 108.4 108.5 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.413 93.4 93.4 -5.7 -0.2 0.4 0.5 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2019 to October 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Sep.

20201

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 7.105 87.9 86.6 -20.6 13.1 2.4 -3.2 -1.5

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.969 183.4 183.1 7.5 -0.8 1.2 2.4 -0.2

Crop production............................... 111 1.638 198.6 197.7 9.7 -1.1 1.0 2.7 -0.5

Mining............................................ 21 5.135 75.6 74.0 -27.9 19.0 2.8 -5.1 -2.1

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 4.875 74.2 72.6 -29.0 20.2 3.0 -5.5 -2.2

Manufacturing..................................... 92.565 111.4 111.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.0

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.474 125.5 125.7 0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.527 153.5 153.7 -0.3 -1.0 0.6 0.4 0.1

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.191 129.7 129.7 3.4 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.385 101.9 101.1 1.3 3.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.8

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.935 106.0 106.7 -0.9 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 0.7

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.783 113.0 113.1 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.654 123.9 124.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.1

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.253 123.0 123.4 -1.8 1.8 1.5 0.3 0.3

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 1.273 158.4 162.1 – 10.9 15.8 17.9 2.3

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.995 106.9 105.8 -3.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.7 -1.0

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 1.995 73.6 73.6 -27.8 7.7 4.4 -8.0 0.0

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.260 136.9 137.3 -0.6 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.3

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.451 121.6 121.8 2.1 1.4 0.7 0.2 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.084 130.8 130.8 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 62.838 104.7 104.6 1.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.590 176.0 175.3 13.3 2.3 7.2 3.3 -0.4

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.265 126.8 126.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 -0.2

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.847 120.0 120.2 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.176 71.8 71.7 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.555 117.9 117.9 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.963 110.3 110.2 1.3 -0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.906 114.8 114.8 -1.0 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.537 120.0 119.9 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.6 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2019 to October 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Sep.

20201

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.032 112.4 115.2 -9.9 4.2 0.5 1.4 2.5

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.622 147.5 155.9 4.6 2.6 -2.9 5.7 5.7

Crop production............................... 111 4.291 155.3 164.0 5.5 2.6 -3.2 6.0 5.6

Mining............................................ 21 4.410 62.5 61.9 -22.4 5.8 3.9 -2.8 -1.0

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.143 91.2 87.4 -19.0 -1.2 3.2 -0.3 -4.2

Manufacturing..................................... 89.510 115.2 115.2 -0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.0

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.749 138.8 140.4 0.5 0.4 -0.9 0.2 1.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.605 155.7 157.8 0.2 0.8 -1.3 0.0 1.3

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.660 124.3 126.7 4.2 -0.8 -0.9 0.9 1.9

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 23.116 104.7 104.6 -7.8 1.8 0.5 0.9 -0.1

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.497 100.3 102.6 8.2 0.5 1.2 2.5 2.3

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.512 118.0 118.0 -1.7 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.0

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 4.384 76.2 75.2 -29.7 6.0 -0.3 1.3 -1.3

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.336 116.4 117.0 -0.7 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.5

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.344 116.9 115.4 -1.6 0.1 0.1 -0.4 -1.3

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.838 117.1 116.5 -1.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.3 -0.5

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.645 117.3 117.3 1.8 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.922 180.8 179.3 17.6 2.0 8.2 0.5 -0.8

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.143 151.1 151.2 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.998 130.9 131.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.999 82.3 82.1 0.7 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.869 118.7 118.6 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.897 129.7 130.0 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.406 124.8 126.8 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.411 119.1 119.0 -1.2 0.1 0.2 1.0 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2019 to

October 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sep.

20201

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.333 189.8 190.8 -1.9 -2.7 0.7 0.3 0.5

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.386 270.8 267.7 2.1 -9.8 2.2 0.2 -1.1

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.680 129.4 132.8 -3.5 0.6 -0.7 0.5 2.6

Vegetable products............................... II 2.010 219.1 219.2 9.7 -1.1 1.2 2.5 0.0

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.486 511.8 520.6 9.3 1.2 2.8 1.8 1.7

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.672 113.7 112.3 7.0 -5.9 -0.1 5.9 -1.2

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.351 223.5 220.1 10.0 3.7 0.5 0.9 -1.5

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.258 90.1 91.2 7.4 1.3 3.2 1.2 1.2

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.029 169.4 169.1 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.4 -0.2

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.206 100.5 99.1 0.8 -2.1 0.1 1.1 -1.4

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.366 168.7 168.5 -1.9 -0.4 0.0 0.2 -0.1

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.134 140.0 139.9 3.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 7.294 154.9 151.9 -26.1 14.4 3.4 -5.1 -1.9

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 6.943 150.4 147.3 -27.3 15.2 3.6 -5.4 -2.1

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.614 154.9 155.2 -0.8 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.456 268.1 268.5 -6.3 -0.6 -0.3 0.4 0.1

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.103 122.1 122.7 -2.8 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.5

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.992 155.4 155.3 0.5 0.5 -0.1 0.2 -0.1

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.628 103.3 102.9 -0.3 0.6 0.2 0.0 -0.4

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.598 101.4 102.2 0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.809 144.7 145.7 3.8 2.4 1.2 1.0 0.7

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.516 144.7 145.1 1.6 1.9 1.0 0.7 0.3

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.293 146.8 149.0 8.4 3.5 1.5 1.7 1.5

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.623 124.3 124.4 0.2 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.597 131.1 131.1 0.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 1.305 229.1 235.3 61.9 10.7 15.7 17.5 2.7

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 1.281 159.7 164.2 – 11.0 16.1 17.9 2.8

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.018 111.5 110.6 -4.5 -0.3 -0.7 -0.4 -0.8

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.694 104.0 103.2 -5.1 -0.5 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.895 114.5 114.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.979 104.9 105.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.3

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.649 122.8 122.4 1.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.3

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.632 99.6 100.5 -1.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.6 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2019 to

October 2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sep.

20201

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.393 124.5 124.5 1.5 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.165 122.8 122.9 1.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.973 131.6 131.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.352 226.2 222.5 16.7 1.2 9.1 2.4 -1.6

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.606 171.4 171.9 0.8 1.0 1.6 1.6 0.3

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.096 195.4 199.2 -2.9 -0.7 2.1 2.5 1.9

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.694 146.5 146.5 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.469 298.6 297.8 13.3 6.0 3.5 2.0 -0.3

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.947 132.1 132.4 5.3 3.8 3.4 2.2 0.2

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.467 123.1 123.1 -0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.531 132.9 133.6 -1.2 0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.5

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 30.796 79.1 79.0 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.725 85.1 85.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.071 73.3 73.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.011 114.8 114.8 1.4 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.882 114.1 114.1 1.6 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.130 102.3 102.3 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.857 98.4 98.5 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.476 111.0 110.8 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.2

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.818 116.7 116.7 -0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.388 101.7 101.2 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.5

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.271 126.7 126.6 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2019 to

October 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sep.

20201

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.903 204.7 211.4 -0.4 1.1 -2.1 -1.0 3.3

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.172 164.0 166.7 3.7 -1.7 -0.3 1.4 1.6

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.315 104.8 108.3 -11.3 -1.4 1.3 1.4 3.3

Vegetable products............................... II 4.299 194.1 204.9 6.4 2.6 -3.3 5.9 5.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.896 125.9 125.1 -9.6 -1.7 -0.2 4.5 -0.6

Cereals............................................ 10 1.394 191.3 203.2 6.9 2.2 -5.3 8.4 6.2

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.564 204.2 211.9 11.5 4.1 0.3 5.8 3.8

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.082 153.3 154.8 0.3 1.7 -2.0 1.7 1.0

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100). . . .. 20 0.325 96.1 96.6 – -0.8 0.0 0.2 0.5

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.595 99.6 99.9 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.3

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.578 108.7 108.7 -5.3 6.3 -8.2 5.4 0.0

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.720 214.8 224.5 7.9 0.0 -1.4 2.6 4.5

Mineral products.................................. V 8.828 158.4 156.5 -25.9 5.9 2.2 -0.8 -1.2

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.433 101.5 99.9 1.6 5.3 9.6 3.8 -1.6

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.198 148.8 147.1 -27.3 6.0 1.9 -1.0 -1.1

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.070 137.1 137.9 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.715 138.5 132.8 -10.3 -1.4 0.0 0.4 -4.1

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.494 137.5 142.8 2.5 0.6 2.9 2.3 3.9

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.258 109.6 109.7 2.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.1

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.527 102.0 101.4 -4.2 2.1 -4.3 0.7 -0.6

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.877 128.1 128.1 -1.8 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.502 125.9 125.9 0.8 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.035 156.7 156.4 0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.131 139.4 139.8 -1.0 0.6 1.5 0.4 0.3

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.247 136.5 136.9 -0.8 0.5 1.7 0.8 0.3

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.884 150.1 150.8 -1.8 0.5 0.3 -1.6 0.5

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.609 98.8 100.9 8.7 0.5 1.0 2.1 2.1

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.844 123.6 121.5 2.0 -0.4 0.3 0.7 -1.7

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.517 121.3 113.3 – -0.3 1.3 0.8 -6.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.034 122.4 122.8 -1.1 -0.9 -0.2 0.6 0.3

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.686 118.0 118.3 0.2 0.8 -0.9 1.3 0.3

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.452 111.2 112.7 0.0 3.6 -3.3 3.8 1.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.830 128.6 129.0 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2019 to

October 2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sep.

20201

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.474 99.3 99.3 – 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 5.404 304.8 303.0 15.8 1.3 7.5 1.3 -0.6

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.765 159.4 160.7 4.6 1.7 1.2 2.4 0.8

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.556 193.4 193.5 13.6 9.1 4.4 2.5 0.1

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.730 103.2 105.6 7.1 3.4 3.9 5.4 2.3

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.348 156.0 156.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.965 98.2 98.2 0.8 0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 17.226 115.9 115.9 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.740 79.1 79.1 1.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.572 137.7 137.9 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.134 116.0 116.1 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 6.136 110.6 110.4 -0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.365 113.3 114.0 1.2 0.1 -0.4 -0.4 0.6

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.767 133.1 134.2 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.8

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.438 86.7 87.0 -1.6 0.3 -1.7 -1.3 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: October 2019 to October 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sep.

20201

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 126.1 125.6 -0.6 1.0 2.4 0.2 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.594 140.3 138.2 -22.8 8.2 3.7 -4.9 -1.5

Manufacturing................................ 90.818 124.1 123.7 2.0 0.3 2.3 0.6 -0.3

Canada.......................................... 100.000 133.9 133.0 -3.3 3.3 5.0 0.1 -0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 24.891 136.9 134.7 -23.2 8.6 3.9 -5.2 -1.6

Manufacturing................................ 74.128 136.8 136.2 5.3 1.5 5.5 1.9 -0.4

European Union............................... 100.000 139.2 139.5 2.0 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.2

Manufacturing................................ 98.999 135.4 135.7 2.0 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.2

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 129.4 129.3 1.5 1.3 0.3 0.5 -0.1

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 114.8 114.8 2.0 0.0 0.7 1.1 0.0

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 121.4 121.7 -0.3 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.2

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 144.5 144.2 -0.8 1.4 1.2 -0.4 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.085 220.3 216.1 -13.1 6.9 2.6 0.5 -1.9

Manufacturing................................ 86.627 120.7 120.8 1.3 0.6 1.0 -0.6 0.1

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.4 128.2 1.1 0.3 0.9 0.1 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 7.457 125.4 122.4 -9.0 1.2 2.1 7.6 -2.4

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 92.258 89.0 89.1 2.1 0.2 0.9 -0.6 0.1

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 98.0 97.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 98.3 98.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.7 96.9 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 97.7 97.7 -1.0 0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 85.6 85.5 -1.5 0.5 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.7 98.2 1.1 -0.2 0.4 0.2 0.5

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 149.6 149.6 -13.3 18.9 0.1 -0.4 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: October 2019 to October

2020

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sep.

20201

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 102.9 103.0 0.1 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.907 89.8 90.3 -13.5 4.4 0.3 1.9 0.6

Manufacturing................................ 89.664 104.5 104.5 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.0

Canada.......................................... 100.000 103.2 103.8 -0.3 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.6

European Union............................... 100.000 103.6 103.2 -1.4 1.1 0.5 0.5 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.899 81.4 82.4 -18.6 4.5 -1.0 0.9 1.2

Manufacturing................................ 90.763 105.8 105.1 0.1 0.8 0.6 0.4 -0.7

Germany........................................ 100.000 107.9 107.6 3.2 1.0 1.2 0.4 -0.3

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 95.4 96.1 -4.2 1.7 -0.2 0.2 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.453 100.0 104.3 0.0 5.7 -2.8 3.2 4.3

Manufacturing................................ 91.973 94.9 95.4 -4.7 1.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.5

Mexico........................................... 100.000 96.3 97.4 -2.4 1.1 0.1 0.4 1.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 5.838 95.4 100.1 2.4 6.3 -3.6 4.7 4.9

Manufacturing................................ 93.484 96.3 97.1 -2.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.8

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 98.5 99.0 -1.0 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.994 83.4 85.6 -14.2 2.2 1.2 0.0 2.6

Manufacturing................................ 85.072 101.4 101.7 0.9 -0.1 0.6 0.2 0.3

China............................................ 100.000 97.7 98.5 1.3 1.4 1.0 -0.1 0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.999 78.6 80.9 -13.8 7.1 3.2 -3.2 2.9

Manufacturing................................ 86.454 102.2 103.2 3.2 0.6 0.7 0.2 1.0

Japan............................................ 100.000 99.4 100.7 -0.2 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 17.708 83.1 86.1 -12.9 5.2 1.0 2.2 3.6

Manufacturing................................ 80.274 102.6 103.3 2.4 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: October 2019 to October 20201

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 99.9 100.4 0.7 0.2 -1.5 0.5 0.5

Canada.................................................. 101.3 102.6 3.2 -1.9 -4.0 0.8 1.3

European Union...................................... 100.2 99.6 -3.4 0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.6

Germany................................................ 108.2 107.9 1.1 1.1 0.5 -0.7 -0.3

Latin America3

........................................ 98.3 99.2 -3.5 0.3 -1.4 0.6 0.9

Mexico.................................................. 96.8 98.0 -3.4 0.8 -0.8 0.4 1.2

Pacific Rim4............................................ 98.9 99.5 -1.3 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.6

China.................................................... 99.5 100.3 1.2 1.2 0.9 -0.1 0.8

Japan.................................................... 98.2 99.2 -0.2 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: October

2019 to October 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sep.

20201

Index Percent change

Sep.

2020

Oct.

2020

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2019 to

Oct.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 263.8 276.7 58.0 -14.0 2.2 -2.9 4.9

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.724 216.2 239.7 65.1 2.4 1.6 -3.6 10.9

Asia.................................................. 63.526 265.9 273.9 67.2 -21.3 2.9 -2.9 3.0

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 166.5 155.1 -4.7 -0.1 1.1 -1.9 -6.8

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 31.441 153.8 135.5 -9.9 0.3 0.2 0.5 -11.9

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 208.8 216.2 33.6 -9.9 1.7 -5.1 3.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 26.858 157.3 170.3 28.5 1.9 0.7 -7.9 8.3

Asia.................................................. 62.737 209.0 213.5 43.4 -15.7 2.4 -4.5 2.2

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 145.8 138.9 -3.0 0.5 -0.1 -3.1 -4.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 36.803 177.6 150.3 -3.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 -15.4

Asia.................................................. 41.979 126.7 131.8 -1.6 1.6 -1.2 -6.4 4.0

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 146.1 151.8 -12.4 -4.0 0.1 4.4 3.9

Europe............................................... 38.929 145.0 150.2 -22.1 -10.7 -2.4 9.9 3.6

Asia.................................................. 33.025 166.5 173.0 34.7 3.4 8.9 4.8 3.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 6.852 110.1 118.7 -22.7 -0.6 -9.5 -0.5 7.8

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 154.0 147.9 3.3 5.5 3.1 5.9 -4.0

Europe............................................... 23.475 156.1 159.8 -11.6 6.9 -7.5 1.4 2.4

Asia.................................................. 35.294 188.2 148.7 18.8 4.3 17.5 16.9 -21.0

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 22.257 139.3 154.9 2.2 3.1 -3.7 -1.8 11.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.