Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-0015

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, January 7, 2022

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — DECEMBER 2021

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 199,000 in December, and the unemployment rate

declined to 3.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued to 

trend up in leisure and hospitality, in professional and business services, in manufacturing, in 

construction, and in transportation and warehousing.

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal adjustment factors, 

a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 2017

were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January 2021 through November 2021 (as 

originally published and as revised) appear in table A on page 6, along with additional information about 

the revisions.

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

December 2019 – December 2021

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Dec-19 Mar-20 Jun-20 Sep-20 Dec-20 Mar-21 Jun-21 Sep-21 Dec-21

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

December 2019 – December 2021

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Dec-19 Mar-20 Jun-20 Sep-20 Dec-20 Mar-21 Jun-21 Sep-21 Dec-21
-2-

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate declined by 0.3 percentage point to 3.9 percent in December, and the number 

of unemployed persons decreased by 483,000 to 6.3 million. Over the year, these measures are down 

by 2.8 percentage points and 4.5 million, respectively. In February 2020, prior to the coronavirus 

(COVID-19) pandemic, the unemployment rate was 3.5 percent, and unemployed persons numbered 5.7 

million. (See table A-1. See the box note on page 5 for more information about how the household 

survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.6 percent), adult women

(3.6 percent), and Whites (3.2 percent) declined in December. The jobless rates for teenagers (10.9

percent), Blacks (7.1 percent), Asians (3.8 percent), and Hispanics (4.9 percent) showed little or no

change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers, at 1.7 million in December, declined by 

202,000 over the month and is down by 1.8 million over the year. The number of persons on temporary 

layoff was little changed at 812,000 in December but is down by 2.3 million over the year. The number 

of permanent job losers in December is 408,000 higher than in February 2020, while the number on 

temporary layoff has essentially returned to its February 2020 level. (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) declined by 185,000 to 2.0 

million in December. This measure is down from 4.0 million a year earlier but is 887,000 higher than in 

February 2020. The long-term unemployed accounted for 31.7 percent of the total unemployed in 

December. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate was unchanged at 61.9 percent in December but remains 1.5 

percentage points lower than in February 2020. The employment-population ratio increased by 0.2 

percentage point to 59.5 percent in December but is 1.7 percentage points below its February 2020 level. 

Over the year, these measures have increased by 0.4 percentage point and 2.1 percentage points, 

respectively. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 3.9 million in December, 

decreased by 337,000 over the month. The over-the-year decline of 2.2 million brings this measure to 

461,000 below its February 2020 level. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time 

employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find 

full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at 5.7

million in December. This measure decreased by 1.6 million over the year but is 717,000 higher than in

February 2020. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively 

looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table 

A-1.)
-3-

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force was essentially unchanged at 1.6 million in December. These individuals wanted and 

were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for 

work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 

marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was also essentially unchanged 

over the month, at 463,000. (See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In December, the share of employed persons who teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic

was 11.1 percent, little different from November. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked

or worked at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the

pandemic.

In December, 3.1 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer 

closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at 

some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure was down from the 

level of 3.6 million in November. Among those who reported in December that they were unable to 

work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 15.9 percent received at least some pay 

from their employer for the hours not worked, little changed from the prior month.

Among those not in the labor force in December, 1.1 million persons were prevented from looking for 

work due to the pandemic, little changed from November. (To be counted as unemployed, by 

definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to 

help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables 

with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm .

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 199,000 in December. Job growth averaged 537,000 per 

month in 2021. Nonfarm employment has increased by 18.8 million since April 2020 but is down by 3.6 

million, or 2.3 percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. In December, employment

continued to trend up in leisure and hospitality, in professional and business services, in manufacturing, 

in construction, and in transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1. See the box note on page 5 for 

more information about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus 

pandemic.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in December (+53,000). Leisure and 

hospitality has added 2.6 million jobs in 2021, but employment in the industry is down by 1.2 million, or 

7.2 percent, since February 2020. Employment in food services and drinking places rose by 43,000 in 

December but is down by 653,000 since February 2020.

Employment in professional and business services continued its upward trend in December (+43,000). 

Over the month, job gains occurred in computer systems design and related services (+10,000), in 

architectural and engineering services (+9,000), and in scientific research and development services 
-4-

(+6,000). Employment in professional and business services overall is slightly below (-35,000) its level 

in February 2020. 

Manufacturing added 26,000 jobs in December, primarily in durable goods industries. A job gain in 

machinery (+8,000) reflected the return of workers from a strike. Manufacturing employment is down 

by 219,000 since February 2020. 

Construction employment rose by 22,000 in December, following monthly gains averaging 38,000 over

the prior 3 months. In December, job gains occurred in nonresidential specialty trade contractors 

(+13,000) and in heavy and civil engineering construction (+10,000). Construction employment is 

88,000 below its February 2020 level.

Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 19,000 in December. Job gains occurred 

in support activities for transportation (+7,000), in air transportation (+6,000), and in warehousing and 

storage (+5,000). Employment in couriers and messengers was essentially unchanged. Since February 

2020, employment in transportation and warehousing is up by 218,000, reflecting job growth in couriers 

and messengers (+202,000) and in warehousing and storage (+181,000).

Employment in wholesale trade increased by 14,000 in December but is 129,000 lower than in 

February 2020.

Mining employment rose by 7,000 in December. Employment in the industry is down by 81,000 from a 

peak in January 2019.

In December, employment showed little or no change in other major industries, including retail trade, 

information, financial activities, health care, other services, and government. 

In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 19 

cents to $31.31. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.7 percent. In 

December, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose 

by 18 cents to $26.61. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.7 hours in 

December. In manufacturing, the average workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.3 hours, and 

overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and 

nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 34.2 hours. (See tables

B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised up by 102,000, from +546,000 

to +648,000, and the change for November was revised up by 39,000, from +210,000 to +249,000. With 

these revisions, employment in October and November combined is 141,000 higher than previously 

reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government 

agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) 

_____________

The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 4, 2022, at 

8:30 a.m. (ET).
-5-

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on December 2021 Household

and Establishment Survey Data

Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment survey, more data 

continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the pandemic. In the household survey, for the 

safety of both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone 

interviews could not be done. 

As in previous months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified in the 

household survey as unemployed on temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not at 

work. Since March 2020, BLS has published an upper-bound estimate of what the unemployment rate 

might have been had misclassified workers been included among the unemployed. The degree of 

misclassification was highest in the early months of the pandemic and has been considerably lower in 

recent months. In April 2020, this exercise suggested the unemployment rate would have been 4.8 

percentage points higher than reported. Repeating this exercise, the unemployment rates for October 

2021 through December 2021 would have been 0.1 percentage point higher than reported. For details on 

how to perform this calculation, see www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-and-responseon-the-employment-situation-news-release.htm#ques12 . 

For each month from March 2020 to December 2021, BLS has published a summary of the impact of 

the pandemic on The Employment Situation news release and data. The impact summary for December 

is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-december-2021.htm .

Beginning with publication of January 2022 data in February 2022, this month-specific impact summary 

will be discontinued. However, information related to the impact of the pandemic will continue to be 

available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-and-response-on-the-employmentsituation-news-release.htm .

Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Data

Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2022 on February 4, 2022, new 

population controls will be used in the household survey estimation process. These new controls will 

reflect a "blended base," which is 2010 Census-based and controlled to elements from the 2020 Census 

and other sources. In accordance with usual practice, historical data will not be revised to incorporate the 

new controls; consequently, household survey data for January 2022 will not be directly comparable 

with data for December 2021 or earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls on the 

major labor force series will be included in the January 2022 news release. 
-6-

 

Upcoming Revisions to Establishment Survey Data

 

Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2022 on February 4, 2022, the 

establishment survey will revise nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect the 

annual benchmark process and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data 

beginning with April 2020 and seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 2017 are subject to 

revision. Consistent with standard practice, additional historical data may be revised as a result of the 

benchmark process.

 

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the national 

labor force series derived from the household survey. As a result of this process, seasonally adjusted 

data for January 2017 through November 2021 were subject to revision. (Not seasonally adjusted data 

were not subject to revision.) 

Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2021 through November 2021, as first published and 

as revised. The rate changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in 3 of the 11 months and was

unchanged in the remaining 8 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force 

series beginning in December 2020 appear in table B. 

More information on this year’s revisions to seasonally adjusted household series is available at 

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-seas-adjustment-methodology.pdf . Detailed information on the seasonal 

adjustment methodology is found at www.bls.gov/cps/seasonal-adjustment-methodology.htm . 

Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this news release can be accessed at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm . Revised historical seasonally adjusted data are available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln/ .

Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2021 and change due to revision,

January – November 2021

Month As first 

published As revised Change

January......................................... 6.3 6.4 0.1

February....................................... 6.2 6.2 0.0

March........................................... 6.0 6.0 0.0

April............................................. 6.1 6.0 -0.1

May.............................................. 5.8 5.8 0.0

June.............................................. 5.9 5.9 0.0

July............................................... 5.4 5.4 0.0

August.......................................... 5.2 5.2 0.0

September.................................... 4.8 4.7 -0.1

October........................................ 4.6 4.6 0.0

November.................................... 4.2 4.2 0.0
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

2020 2021

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 261,230 260,851 260,918 261,003 261,103 261,210 261,338 261,469 261,611 261,766 261,908 262,029 262,136

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,671 160,184 160,359 160,631 160,978 160,801 161,114 161,375 161,505 161,471 161,610 162,126 162,294

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 61.4 61.5 61.5 61.7 61.6 61.6 61.7 61.7 61.7 61.7 61.9 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,883 150,004 150,367 150,940 151,259 151,550 151,612 152,704 153,167 153,806 154,234 155,324 155,975

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 57.4 57.5 57.6 57.8 57.9 58.0 58.0 58.4 58.5 58.8 58.9 59.3 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,789 10,180 9,992 9,691 9,719 9,251 9,502 8,671 8,339 7,666 7,375 6,802 6,319

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.4 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.2 3.9

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . 118,010 117,864 117,902 117,949 118,003 118,059 118,125 118,192 118,261 118,337 118,406 118,466 118,520

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,236 82,191 82,114 82,048 82,384 82,297 82,499 82,544 82,672 82,851 82,703 83,007 82,902

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 69.7 69.6 69.6 69.8 69.7 69.8 69.8 69.9 70.0 69.8 70.1 69.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,949 77,185 77,203 77,262 77,423 77,489 77,665 78,135 78,480 78,952 79,164 79,736 79,892

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 65.2 65.5 65.5 65.5 65.6 65.6 65.7 66.1 66.4 66.7 66.9 67.3 67.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,287 5,006 4,911 4,786 4,961 4,808 4,834 4,410 4,192 3,899 3,539 3,272 3,010

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.3 5.1 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . 126,681 126,507 126,546 126,594 126,648 126,704 126,770 126,837 126,906 126,982 127,051 127,112 127,167

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,494 72,087 72,255 72,635 72,486 72,499 72,756 72,934 72,862 72,644 72,929 73,134 73,455

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 57.0 57.1 57.4 57.2 57.2 57.4 57.5 57.4 57.2 57.4 57.5 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,933 67,776 68,005 68,486 68,436 68,633 68,747 69,306 69,390 69,555 69,790 70,257 70,795

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 53.6 53.6 53.7 54.1 54.0 54.2 54.2 54.6 54.7 54.8 54.9 55.3 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,561 4,311 4,250 4,149 4,050 3,866 4,008 3,628 3,472 3,089 3,139 2,876 2,660

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.0 4.8 4.3 4.3 3.9 3.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . 16,538 16,481 16,470 16,460 16,451 16,446 16,443 16,440 16,443 16,447 16,451 16,450 16,449

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,940 5,906 5,989 5,948 6,107 6,005 5,859 5,897 5,971 5,976 5,978 5,985 5,936

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.9 35.8 36.4 36.1 37.1 36.5 35.6 35.9 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.4 36.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000 5,043 5,158 5,192 5,399 5,428 5,200 5,264 5,297 5,298 5,281 5,331 5,287

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 30.2 30.6 31.3 31.5 32.8 33.0 31.6 32.0 32.2 32.2 32.1 32.4 32.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 863 831 756 708 578 660 633 675 678 697 654 649

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 14.6 13.9 12.7 11.6 9.6 11.3 10.7 11.3 11.3 11.7 10.9 10.9

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

-7-
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Change from:

Nov. 2021-

Dec. 2021

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 261,230 261,908 262,029 262,136 107

Civilian labor force........................................................... 160,671 161,610 162,126 162,294 168

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.5 61.7 61.9 61.9 0.0

Employed................................................................... 149,883 154,234 155,324 155,975 651

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 57.4 58.9 59.3 59.5 0.2

Unemployed............................................................... 10,789 7,375 6,802 6,319 -483

Unemployment rate.................................................... 6.7 4.6 4.2 3.9 -0.3

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,559 100,298 99,902 99,842 -60

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 6.7 4.6 4.2 3.9 -0.3

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 6.4 4.3 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 6.3 4.3 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 15.8 11.7 10.9 10.9 0.0

White.......................................................................... 6.1 3.9 3.7 3.2 -0.5

Black or African American.................................................. 10.0 7.8 6.5 7.1 0.6

Asian.......................................................................... 6.1 4.2 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 9.4 5.7 5.2 4.9 -0.3

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 5.9 4.0 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 9.8 7.3 5.5 5.2 -0.3

High school graduates, no college........................................ 7.9 5.4 5.2 4.6 -0.6

Some college or associate degree........................................ 6.5 4.3 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 3.8 2.4 2.2 2.1 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 7,348 3,700 3,369 3,095 -274

Job leavers...................................................................... 756 845 837 724 -113

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,249 2,206 2,154 2,038 -116

New entrants.................................................................... 508 537 452 513 61

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,906 2,051 1,985 1,977 -8

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,344 1,876 1,703 1,571 -132

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,563 1,001 870 780 -90

27 weeks and over............................................................. 3,979 2,339 2,193 2,008 -185

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,126 4,398 4,266 3,929 -337

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 4,915 3,108 2,903 2,594 -309

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,017 961 1,059 1,082 23

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 18,290 20,539 20,440 20,315 -125

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,157 1,685 1,610 1,639 29

Discouraged workers........................................................ 657 455 451 463 12

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -306 648 249 199

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -274 714 270 211

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 100 72 54

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4 2 6

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 44 35 22

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 52 35 26

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 36 17 20

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 21.3 -5.9 4.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 16 18 6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -356 614 198 157

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 14.3 11.2 13.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.1 50.6 -13.3 -2.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -43.2 56.8 42.2 18.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 12 1 0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 28 17 8

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 130 72 43

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 49.6 0.5 -1.6

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -29 71 14 10

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 51.8 8.0 6.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -498 211 41 53

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -16 40 13 13

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -32 -66 -21 -12

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 503 425 365

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 547 469 398

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.5 48.5 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 81.6 81.6 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 34.7 34.7 34.7

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $29.91 $31.01 $31.12 $31.31

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,037.88 $1,076.05 $1,079.86 $1,086.46

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.4 110.2 110.5 110.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.8 163.5 164.4 165.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.8

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (257 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 71.6 69.6 59.5

Manufacturing (75 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 65.3 69.3 57.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2020

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,230 262,029 262,136 261,230 261,611 261,766 261,908 262,029 262,136

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,017 162,099 161,696 160,671 161,505 161,471 161,610 162,126 162,294

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 61.9 61.7 61.5 61.7 61.7 61.7 61.9 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,613 155,797 155,732 149,883 153,167 153,806 154,234 155,324 155,975

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 59.5 59.4 57.4 58.5 58.8 58.9 59.3 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,404 6,302 5,964 10,789 8,339 7,666 7,375 6,802 6,319

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 3.9 3.7 6.7 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.2 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,213 99,930 100,440 100,559 100,106 100,294 100,298 99,902 99,842

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,088 5,491 5,524 7,277 5,701 5,918 5,935 5,819 5,713

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,367 126,779 126,832 126,367 126,570 126,648 126,719 126,779 126,832

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,644 85,793 85,339 85,186 85,656 85,801 85,735 86,017 85,857

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 67.7 67.3 67.4 67.7 67.7 67.7 67.8 67.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,955 82,474 82,024 79,443 81,102 81,533 81,835 82,432 82,508

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 65.1 64.7 62.9 64.1 64.4 64.6 65.0 65.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,689 3,318 3,314 5,743 4,554 4,268 3,900 3,585 3,349

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 3.9 3.9 6.7 5.3 5.0 4.5 4.2 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,723 40,986 41,493 41,181 40,914 40,846 40,983 40,762 40,975

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,010 118,466 118,520 118,010 118,261 118,337 118,406 118,466 118,520

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,877 82,929 82,547 82,236 82,672 82,851 82,703 83,007 82,902

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 70.0 69.6 69.7 69.9 70.0 69.8 70.1 69.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,572 79,904 79,525 76,949 78,480 78,952 79,164 79,736 79,892

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 67.4 67.1 65.2 66.4 66.7 66.9 67.3 67.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,305 3,025 3,022 5,287 4,192 3,899 3,539 3,272 3,010

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 3.6 3.7 6.4 5.1 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,134 35,537 35,973 35,774 35,590 35,486 35,703 35,459 35,618

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,862 135,250 135,304 134,862 135,041 135,118 135,189 135,250 135,304

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,373 76,306 76,357 75,485 75,849 75,670 75,874 76,109 76,437

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 56.4 56.4 56.0 56.2 56.0 56.1 56.3 56.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,658 73,323 73,708 70,439 72,065 72,273 72,399 72,892 73,467

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.4 54.2 54.5 52.2 53.4 53.5 53.6 53.9 54.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,715 2,984 2,649 5,046 3,784 3,398 3,475 3,217 2,970

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 3.9 3.5 6.7 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.2 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,490 58,944 58,947 59,377 59,191 59,448 59,315 59,141 58,867

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,681 127,112 127,167 126,681 126,906 126,982 127,051 127,112 127,167

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,558 73,463 73,546 72,494 72,862 72,644 72,929 73,134 73,455

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 57.8 57.8 57.2 57.4 57.2 57.4 57.5 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,248 70,786 71,140 67,933 69,390 69,555 69,790 70,257 70,795

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 55.7 55.9 53.6 54.7 54.8 54.9 55.3 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,309 2,677 2,406 4,561 3,472 3,089 3,139 2,876 2,660

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 3.6 3.3 6.3 4.8 4.3 4.3 3.9 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,124 53,649 53,621 54,187 54,044 54,337 54,122 53,978 53,712

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,538 16,450 16,449 16,538 16,443 16,447 16,451 16,450 16,449

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,582 5,707 5,602 5,940 5,971 5,976 5,978 5,985 5,936

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 34.7 34.1 35.9 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.4 36.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,793 5,107 5,068 5,000 5,297 5,298 5,281 5,331 5,287

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.0 31.0 30.8 30.2 32.2 32.2 32.1 32.4 32.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 600 535 940 675 678 697 654 649

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 10.5 9.5 15.8 11.3 11.3 11.7 10.9 10.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,956 10,743 10,847 10,598 10,472 10,471 10,473 10,465 10,512

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2020

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,749 202,199 202,250 201,749 201,968 202,057 202,138 202,199 202,250

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,828 124,666 124,427 124,224 124,207 124,204 124,279 124,677 124,780

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 61.7 61.5 61.6 61.5 61.5 61.5 61.7 61.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,479 120,431 120,536 116,707 118,557 119,009 119,376 120,084 120,749

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 59.6 59.6 57.8 58.7 58.9 59.1 59.4 59.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,348 4,234 3,891 7,517 5,650 5,194 4,903 4,593 4,032

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 3.4 3.1 6.1 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,921 77,533 77,823 77,525 77,760 77,853 77,859 77,521 77,469

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,407 64,941 64,784 64,629 64,814 64,957 64,693 64,973 65,000

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 70.0 69.8 69.9 69.9 70.1 69.8 70.0 70.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,561 62,962 62,745 60,871 61,944 62,257 62,374 62,835 63,047

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 67.9 67.6 65.8 66.9 67.2 67.3 67.7 67.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,847 1,979 2,039 3,758 2,870 2,699 2,320 2,138 1,953

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 3.0 3.1 5.8 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.3 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,048 55,310 55,289 54,950 54,764 54,574 54,901 55,069 55,177

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 56.8 56.8 56.6 56.3 56.1 56.4 56.6 56.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,116 53,435 53,765 51,858 52,432 52,574 52,800 53,030 53,493

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 54.9 55.2 53.4 53.9 54.0 54.2 54.5 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,932 1,875 1,524 3,092 2,332 2,000 2,101 2,039 1,684

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 3.4 2.8 5.6 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,372 4,415 4,354 4,645 4,629 4,673 4,684 4,635 4,603

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 36.6 36.1 38.3 38.4 38.7 38.8 38.4 38.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,802 4,035 4,025 3,978 4,181 4,178 4,202 4,219 4,209

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 33.5 33.4 32.8 34.7 34.6 34.8 35.0 34.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 380 329 667 448 495 482 415 395

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 8.6 7.5 14.4 9.7 10.6 10.3 9.0 8.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,516 33,725 33,749 33,516 33,645 33,673 33,699 33,725 33,749

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,919 20,478 20,364 20,087 20,681 20,626 20,565 20,477 20,506

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 60.7 60.3 59.9 61.5 61.3 61.0 60.7 60.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,066 19,232 19,045 18,076 18,879 19,017 18,962 19,143 19,057

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 57.0 56.4 53.9 56.1 56.5 56.3 56.8 56.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,853 1,246 1,319 2,011 1,803 1,608 1,603 1,335 1,449

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 6.1 6.5 10.0 8.7 7.8 7.8 6.5 7.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,597 13,247 13,385 13,429 12,964 13,047 13,135 13,248 13,243

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,166 9,450 9,320 9,237 9,471 9,389 9,479 9,466 9,378

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 66.3 65.3 65.3 66.6 65.9 66.5 66.4 65.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,245 8,823 8,697 8,270 8,616 8,644 8,699 8,787 8,723

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 61.9 60.9 58.5 60.6 60.7 61.0 61.6 61.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921 626 623 967 855 745 780 679 655

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 6.6 6.7 10.5 9.0 7.9 8.2 7.2 7.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,041 10,352 10,391 10,108 10,472 10,450 10,383 10,301 10,445

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 60.6 60.8 59.6 61.5 61.3 60.9 60.3 61.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,264 9,874 9,814 9,244 9,653 9,702 9,673 9,802 9,794

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 57.8 57.4 54.5 56.7 56.9 56.7 57.4 57.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 478 577 864 819 748 710 500 651

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 4.6 5.6 8.5 7.8 7.2 6.8 4.9 6.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 677 653 743 738 787 703 711 683

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 28.4 27.4 30.9 30.9 33.0 29.5 29.8 28.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 535 535 563 609 671 590 554 540

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 22.4 22.4 23.4 25.5 28.1 24.7 23.2 22.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 142 118 180 129 115 113 157 143

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 20.9 18.1 24.2 17.4 14.6 16.0 22.0 21.0

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2020

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,583 16,513 16,612 16,583 16,555 16,540 16,485 16,513 16,612

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,259 10,767 10,727 10,271 10,610 10,652 10,767 10,781 10,739

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 65.2 64.6 61.9 64.1 64.4 65.3 65.3 64.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,664 10,365 10,344 9,647 10,135 10,207 10,310 10,362 10,326

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 62.8 62.3 58.2 61.2 61.7 62.5 62.8 62.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 402 383 624 476 445 457 419 413

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 3.7 3.6 6.1 4.5 4.2 4.2 3.9 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,324 5,746 5,885 6,312 5,945 5,889 5,718 5,731 5,873

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2020

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 44,639 45,232 45,303 44,639 45,004 45,083 45,159 45,232 45,303

Civilian labor force................................ 29,129 30,079 29,800 29,167 29,481 29,566 29,663 29,979 29,883

Participation rate............................... 65.3 66.5 65.8 65.3 65.5 65.6 65.7 66.3 66.0

Employed....................................... 26,442 28,648 28,443 26,436 27,666 27,758 27,962 28,432 28,427

Employment-population ratio............... 59.2 63.3 62.8 59.2 61.5 61.6 61.9 62.9 62.7

Unemployed.................................... 2,688 1,431 1,357 2,731 1,815 1,808 1,701 1,547 1,456

Unemployment rate......................... 9.2 4.8 4.6 9.4 6.2 6.1 5.7 5.2 4.9

Not in labor force................................. 15,510 15,153 15,503 15,472 15,523 15,518 15,496 15,253 15,420

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,854 16,411 16,167 15,899 16,230 16,326 16,213 16,422 16,266

Participation rate............................... 78.6 80.3 79.0 78.9 79.8 80.1 79.4 80.3 79.4

Employed....................................... 14,423 15,766 15,518 14,485 15,327 15,408 15,410 15,681 15,580

Employment-population ratio............... 71.5 77.1 75.8 71.8 75.4 75.6 75.5 76.7 76.1

Unemployed.................................... 1,431 645 649 1,413 904 918 803 741 687

Unemployment rate......................... 9.0 3.9 4.0 8.9 5.6 5.6 5.0 4.5 4.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,929 12,296 12,340 11,887 11,977 11,932 12,054 12,170 12,288

Participation rate............................... 58.4 59.4 59.5 58.2 58.1 57.8 58.3 58.7 59.2

Employed....................................... 10,874 11,666 11,763 10,802 11,255 11,272 11,374 11,531 11,682

Employment-population ratio............... 53.2 56.3 56.7 52.9 54.6 54.6 55.0 55.7 56.3

Unemployed.................................... 1,055 629 577 1,084 722 661 680 639 606

Unemployment rate......................... 8.8 5.1 4.7 9.1 6.0 5.5 5.6 5.3 4.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,346 1,373 1,293 1,382 1,273 1,307 1,396 1,387 1,328

Participation rate............................... 33.3 33.7 31.7 34.2 31.4 32.2 34.3 34.1 32.6

Employed....................................... 1,145 1,216 1,162 1,148 1,084 1,078 1,178 1,220 1,165

Employment-population ratio............... 28.3 29.9 28.5 28.4 26.7 26.5 29.0 30.0 28.6

Unemployed.................................... 202 157 131 233 190 229 218 167 163

Unemployment rate......................... 15.0 11.4 10.1 16.9 14.9 17.5 15.6 12.1 12.2

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2020

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,246 8,915 8,786 9,172 9,185 9,128 9,025 8,791 8,712

Participation rate.................................. 45.5 45.8 45.2 45.2 45.9 45.3 46.4 45.1 44.8

Employed.......................................... 8,288 8,462 8,271 8,272 8,469 8,428 8,368 8,304 8,255

Employment-population ratio................. 40.8 43.5 42.5 40.7 42.3 41.8 43.1 42.6 42.5

Unemployed....................................... 958 452 515 900 716 700 657 487 457

Unemployment rate............................ 10.4 5.1 5.9 9.8 7.8 7.7 7.3 5.5 5.2

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 34,751 35,562 35,778 34,819 35,409 34,994 35,282 35,444 35,828

Participation rate.................................. 55.2 55.9 55.6 55.3 55.4 55.3 55.0 55.7 55.7

Employed.......................................... 32,006 33,831 34,154 32,053 33,337 32,991 33,395 33,615 34,188

Employment-population ratio................. 50.8 53.2 53.1 50.9 52.2 52.1 52.1 52.9 53.1

Unemployed....................................... 2,745 1,731 1,624 2,766 2,072 2,004 1,888 1,829 1,640

Unemployment rate............................ 7.9 4.9 4.5 7.9 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.2 4.6

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,714 35,605 35,525 35,745 35,757 35,794 35,394 35,417 35,477

Participation rate.................................. 62.6 62.9 62.8 62.6 63.5 63.0 62.8 62.6 62.7

Employed.......................................... 33,538 34,374 34,335 33,421 34,000 34,196 33,863 34,105 34,204

Employment-population ratio................. 58.8 60.7 60.7 58.6 60.4 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.4

Unemployed....................................... 2,175 1,231 1,190 2,324 1,757 1,598 1,531 1,312 1,274

Unemployment rate............................ 6.1 3.5 3.3 6.5 4.9 4.5 4.3 3.7 3.6

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 60,174 61,484 61,300 60,014 60,736 60,772 60,951 61,317 61,134

Participation rate.................................. 72.1 72.2 72.5 71.9 72.2 72.1 71.9 72.0 72.3

Employed.......................................... 57,985 60,181 60,147 57,709 59,074 59,258 59,477 59,937 59,860

Employment-population ratio................. 69.5 70.7 71.1 69.2 70.2 70.3 70.1 70.4 70.8

Unemployed....................................... 2,190 1,303 1,153 2,306 1,662 1,514 1,473 1,380 1,274

Unemployment rate............................ 3.6 2.1 1.9 3.8 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,283 17,921 16,375 16,000 1,908 1,921

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,693 8,366 7,578 7,198 1,115 1,168

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 46.7 46.3 45.0 58.5 60.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,231 8,100 7,158 6,978 1,074 1,121

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.0 45.2 43.7 43.6 56.3 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 267 420 220 42 47

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 3.2 5.5 3.1 3.7 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,590 9,555 8,797 8,802 793 753

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,536 4,596 3,728 3,745 808 851

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,476 3,591 2,939 3,013 537 578

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6 78.1 78.8 80.4 66.4 67.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,298 3,437 2,788 2,882 510 555

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.7 74.8 74.8 77.0 63.1 65.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 153 151 130 27 23

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.3 5.1 4.3 5.0 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,060 1,006 789 733 271 273

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,079 3,160 2,609 2,704 470 456

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,263 2,270 1,930 1,929 333 342

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.5 71.9 74.0 71.3 70.9 75.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,163 2,236 1,841 1,901 322 335

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.3 70.8 70.5 70.3 68.6 73.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 34 89 27 11 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 1.5 4.6 1.4 3.3 2.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816 889 679 775 137 114

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,644 6,266 6,412 6,045 232 221

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,171 1,010 1,141 957 30 53

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6 16.1 17.8 15.8 13.0 24.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,117 977 1,087 928 30 48

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.8 15.6 17.0 15.4 13.0 21.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 33 54 28 0 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.3 4.8 3.0 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,473 5,256 5,271 5,088 202 168

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,024 3,899 3,626 3,506 398 393

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,783 1,495 1,568 1,301 215 195

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 38.4 43.2 37.1 54.0 49.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,653 1,450 1,442 1,266 211 183

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1 37.2 39.8 36.1 53.0 46.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 46 125 34 4 12

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 3.1 8.0 2.6 1.9 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,241 2,404 2,058 2,205 183 198

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234,071 235,089 105,479 106,253 128,593 128,837

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,403 151,162 76,127 77,150 73,276 74,011

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 64.3 72.2 72.6 57.0 57.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,689 145,667 70,985 74,154 68,704 71,513

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 62.0 67.3 69.8 53.4 55.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,714 5,495 5,142 2,996 4,572 2,499

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 3.6 6.8 3.9 6.2 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,668 83,928 29,351 29,102 55,317 54,825

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2021 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,887 32,420 231,342 229,716

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,979 7,244 154,038 154,452

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.0 22.3 66.6 67.2

Employed............................................................................. 5,320 6,671 144,293 149,061

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.8 20.6 62.4 64.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 659 573 9,745 5,391

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.0 7.9 6.3 3.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,908 25,177 77,305 75,264

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,603 3,050 76,174 76,205

Participation rate..................................................................... 34.4 37.9 81.2 81.8

Employed............................................................................. 2,304 2,777 71,108 73,340

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.5 34.5 75.8 78.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 299 273 5,067 2,865

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.5 9.0 6.7 3.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,962 4,989 17,676 16,899

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,348 2,929 68,288 68,453

Participation rate..................................................................... 31.9 35.6 70.4 71.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,079 2,696 64,145 66,151

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 28.3 32.7 66.1 69.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 269 233 4,143 2,302

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.4 8.0 6.1 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,009 5,310 28,717 27,283

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,028 1,264 9,575 9,794

Participation rate..................................................................... 6.9 7.8 23.7 24.0

Employed............................................................................. 937 1,198 9,041 9,571

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.3 7.4 22.3 23.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 92 66 535 223

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.9 5.2 5.6 2.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,938 14,878 30,911 31,082

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,947 44,172 20,728 21,413 22,219 22,758

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,529 28,760 15,818 16,469 11,711 12,291

Participation rate.................................................. 64.1 65.1 76.3 76.9 52.7 54.0

Employed.......................................................... 25,512 27,691 14,808 15,925 10,704 11,766

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.4 62.7 71.4 74.4 48.2 51.7

Unemployed....................................................... 2,017 1,069 1,010 544 1,007 525

Unemployment rate............................................ 7.3 3.7 6.4 3.3 8.6 4.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,418 15,412 4,910 4,944 10,508 10,467

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 218,283 217,964 105,640 105,418 112,643 112,545

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,487 132,935 68,826 68,870 63,661 64,066

Participation rate.................................................. 60.7 61.0 65.2 65.3 56.5 56.9

Employed.......................................................... 124,101 128,041 64,147 66,100 59,954 61,941

Employment-population ratio................................. 56.9 58.7 60.7 62.7 53.2 55.0

Unemployed....................................................... 8,387 4,894 4,679 2,770 3,708 2,124

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.3 3.7 6.8 4.0 5.8 3.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 85,795 85,029 36,814 36,549 48,981 48,480

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2020

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,390 2,194 2,253 2,448 2,307 2,247 2,296 2,212 2,308

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,578 1,429 1,473 1,575 1,575 1,508 1,501 1,434 1,477

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 782 727 746 821 712 733 769 744 785

Unpaid family workers........................... 30 38 33 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 147,223 153,603 153,479 147,199 151,146 151,686 152,070 152,933 153,409

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 138,617 144,279 144,275 138,856 141,225 141,756 142,194 143,816 144,474

Government..................................... 20,762 20,936 21,239 20,636 20,762 20,514 20,511 20,750 21,097

Private industries............................... 117,856 123,343 123,036 118,018 120,347 121,909 122,175 123,416 123,172

Private households.......................... 636 654 585 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 117,220 122,689 122,450 117,327 119,652 121,226 121,460 122,796 122,484

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,540 9,277 9,161 8,651 9,496 9,424 9,465 9,256 9,282

Unpaid family workers........................... 66 47 43 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,245 4,163 4,049 6,126 4,481 4,450 4,398 4,266 3,929

Slack work or business conditions............. 5,003 2,819 2,679 4,915 3,187 3,142 3,108 2,903 2,594

Could only find part-time work.................. 972 1,085 1,040 1,017 1,017 988 961 1,059 1,082

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,678 21,322 20,694 18,290 20,330 20,335 20,539 20,440 20,315

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,133 4,121 3,994 6,036 4,395 4,360 4,273 4,244 3,898

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,919 2,789 2,649 4,845 3,131 3,094 3,032 2,869 2,578

Could only find part-time work.................. 967 1,085 1,040 1,010 1,006 976 962 1,056 1,079

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,283 20,948 20,308 17,916 19,986 19,952 20,200 20,075 19,951

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2020

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,613 155,797 155,732 149,883 153,167 153,806 154,234 155,324 155,975

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,793 5,107 5,068 5,000 5,297 5,298 5,281 5,331 5,287

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,693 2,026 1,966 1,790 2,006 2,021 1,992 2,087 2,075

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,100 3,081 3,102 3,211 3,248 3,261 3,289 3,243 3,214

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,820 150,690 150,664 144,883 147,870 148,508 148,953 149,993 150,688

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,002 13,842 13,758 13,110 13,265 13,529 13,718 13,824 13,870

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,817 136,848 136,907 131,547 134,693 135,072 135,282 136,065 136,605

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,427 100,032 100,016 96,175 98,298 98,460 98,795 99,396 99,740

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,993 35,622 35,464 33,891 34,753 34,713 35,029 35,347 35,352

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,052 33,354 33,521 31,995 32,919 32,945 33,042 33,174 33,454

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,382 31,056 31,031 30,290 30,626 30,802 30,723 30,875 30,934

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,391 36,815 36,891 35,371 36,395 36,612 36,487 36,669 36,865

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,955 82,474 82,024 79,443 81,102 81,533 81,835 82,432 82,508

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,384 2,571 2,499 2,494 2,622 2,581 2,672 2,696 2,616

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812 958 892 883 940 974 984 1,017 970

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571 1,613 1,608 1,617 1,653 1,590 1,691 1,686 1,655

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,572 79,904 79,525 76,949 78,480 78,952 79,164 79,736 79,892

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,527 7,074 6,952 6,639 6,793 6,882 6,972 7,100 7,070

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,044 72,830 72,573 70,182 71,699 72,081 72,181 72,535 72,702

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,177 53,157 52,948 51,228 52,342 52,462 52,717 52,894 52,992

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,177 18,945 18,816 18,158 18,539 18,540 18,715 18,797 18,793

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,154 17,899 17,849 17,204 17,693 17,802 17,784 17,845 17,899

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,846 16,313 16,283 15,866 16,110 16,120 16,218 16,252 16,300

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,867 19,673 19,625 18,954 19,357 19,619 19,464 19,641 19,710

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,658 73,323 73,708 70,439 72,065 72,273 72,399 72,892 73,467

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,410 2,537 2,568 2,506 2,675 2,717 2,609 2,635 2,671

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 1,068 1,074 906 1,066 1,046 1,008 1,070 1,105

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,529 1,469 1,494 1,594 1,595 1,671 1,598 1,557 1,558

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,248 70,786 71,140 67,933 69,390 69,555 69,790 70,257 70,795

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,475 6,768 6,806 6,471 6,472 6,646 6,746 6,724 6,799

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,773 64,018 64,334 61,364 62,993 62,991 63,101 63,530 63,904

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,250 46,875 47,068 44,947 45,956 45,998 46,078 46,502 46,748

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,816 16,677 16,648 15,733 16,215 16,174 16,314 16,550 16,559

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,898 15,455 15,672 14,790 15,225 15,143 15,258 15,329 15,555

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,535 14,743 14,748 14,424 14,516 14,681 14,505 14,623 14,635

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,523 17,142 17,266 16,418 17,038 16,993 17,023 17,029 17,156

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,499 44,274 44,351 43,597 43,681 43,671 43,794 44,209 44,437

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,109 35,700 35,909 34,774 35,068 35,029 34,988 35,328 35,557

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,490 9,738 9,726 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,415 129,322 129,824 124,794 127,340 128,076 128,409 129,388 130,191

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,197 26,475 25,908 24,976 25,739 25,772 25,903 25,956 25,681

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,496 7,180 7,461 6,438 7,035 7,038 6,984 7,065 7,395

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,859 6,363 6,213 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,322 10,004 9,908 9,473 10,207 10,157 10,234 10,000 10,067

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Dec.

2020

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 10,789 6,802 6,319 6.7 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.2 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 940 654 649 15.8 11.3 11.3 11.7 10.9 10.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 287 241 251 13.8 11.4 10.8 10.1 10.4 10.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 659 425 416 17.0 11.2 11.7 12.6 11.6 11.5

20 years and over................................ 9,848 6,148 5,670 6.4 4.9 4.5 4.3 3.9 3.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,666 1,100 1,058 11.3 9.2 7.8 7.2 7.4 7.1

25 years and over.............................. 8,234 5,062 4,660 5.9 4.5 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 6,006 3,872 3,583 5.9 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.5

25 to 34 years............................. 2,437 1,573 1,580 6.7 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.3 4.3

35 to 44 years............................. 1,859 1,321 1,124 5.5 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.3

45 to 54 years............................. 1,709 977 879 5.3 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.1 2.8

55 years and over........................... 2,280 1,224 1,133 6.1 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.0

Men, 16 years and over............................ 5,743 3,585 3,349 6.7 5.3 5.0 4.5 4.2 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 456 314 339 15.5 12.1 12.5 11.9 10.4 11.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 150 127 117 14.5 10.8 11.5 9.8 11.1 10.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 302 198 238 15.7 12.9 13.2 13.2 10.5 12.6

20 years and over................................ 5,287 3,272 3,010 6.4 5.1 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 926 620 586 12.2 9.4 9.1 8.2 8.0 7.7

25 years and over.............................. 4,395 2,677 2,455 5.9 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 3,211 2,077 1,903 5.9 4.9 4.5 4.0 3.8 3.5

25 to 34 years............................. 1,317 870 879 6.8 5.8 5.6 5.0 4.4 4.5

35 to 44 years............................. 1,051 716 607 5.8 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.3

45 to 54 years............................. 842 492 417 5.0 4.2 3.7 3.2 2.9 2.5

55 years and over........................... 1,184 599 552 5.9 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.0 2.7

Women, 16 years and over........................ 5,046 3,217 2,970 6.7 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.2 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 485 340 311 16.2 10.4 10.2 11.4 11.4 10.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 138 115 134 13.2 11.9 10.1 10.4 9.7 10.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 357 227 178 18.3 9.3 10.2 12.0 12.7 10.2

20 years and over................................ 4,561 2,876 2,660 6.3 4.8 4.3 4.3 3.9 3.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 740 480 472 10.3 8.9 6.4 6.3 6.7 6.5

25 years and over.............................. 3,839 2,386 2,205 5.9 4.3 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 2,795 1,795 1,680 5.9 4.5 4.2 4.3 3.7 3.5

25 to 34 years............................. 1,120 703 700 6.6 5.2 4.8 4.5 4.1 4.1

35 to 44 years............................. 808 606 517 5.2 4.2 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.2

45 to 54 years............................. 867 485 462 5.7 3.9 4.0 4.3 3.2 3.1

55 years and over........................... 1,082 620 565 6.2 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.2

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,884 1,030 870 4.1 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.3 1.9

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,704 1,012 896 4.7 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.5

Women who maintain families2.................... 734 493 577 7.2 7.9 6.8 5.9 4.8 5.6

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 8,951 5,713 5,228 6.7 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.2 3.9

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,862 1,098 1,123 6.9 5.2 4.2 4.7 4.1 4.2

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2020

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 7,264 3,079 3,044 7,348 4,441 4,002 3,700 3,369 3,095

On temporary layoff.............................. 3,124 673 834 3,091 1,206 1,083 1,041 875 812

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 4,141 2,406 2,210 4,257 3,234 2,919 2,659 2,493 2,283

Permanent job losers.......................... 3,342 1,839 1,622 3,467 2,509 2,243 2,102 1,905 1,703

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 798 567 588 790 725 676 557 589 580

Job leavers........................................... 706 828 676 756 830 792 845 837 724

Reentrants............................................ 2,044 2,010 1,849 2,249 2,446 2,275 2,206 2,154 2,038

New entrants......................................... 389 385 395 508 514 491 537 452 513

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 69.8 48.9 51.0 67.7 54.0 52.9 50.8 49.4 48.6

On temporary layoff.............................. 30.0 10.7 14.0 28.5 14.7 14.3 14.3 12.8 12.8

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 39.8 38.2 37.1 39.2 39.3 38.6 36.5 36.6 35.8

Job leavers........................................... 6.8 13.1 11.3 7.0 10.1 10.5 11.6 12.3 11.4

Reentrants............................................ 19.7 31.9 31.0 20.7 29.7 30.1 30.3 31.6 32.0

New entrants......................................... 3.7 6.1 6.6 4.7 6.2 6.5 7.4 6.6 8.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4.5 1.9 1.9 4.6 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9

Job leavers........................................... 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

Reentrants............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

New entrants......................................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2020

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,813 1,791 1,884 2,906 2,110 2,227 2,051 1,985 1,977

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,211 1,575 1,453 2,344 1,927 1,727 1,876 1,703 1,571

15 weeks and over.................................. 5,380 2,936 2,626 5,542 4,353 3,711 3,340 3,063 2,788

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,502 805 722 1,563 1,248 1,047 1,001 870 780

27 weeks and over............................... 3,878 2,131 1,905 3,979 3,105 2,664 2,339 2,193 2,008

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 22.8 29.6 27.6 23.7 29.4 28.3 26.9 29.1 28.6

Median duration, in weeks......................... 16.1 12.8 10.8 17.9 14.2 13.7 13.0 13.4 12.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 27.0 28.4 31.6 26.9 25.1 29.1 28.2 29.4 31.2

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 21.3 25.0 24.4 21.7 23.0 22.5 25.8 25.2 24.8

15 weeks and over.................................. 51.7 46.6 44.0 51.4 51.9 48.4 46.0 45.4 44.0

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 14.4 12.8 12.1 14.5 14.9 13.7 13.8 12.9 12.3

27 weeks and over............................... 37.3 33.8 31.9 36.9 37.0 34.8 32.2 32.5 31.7

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 149,613 155,732 10,404 5,964 6.5 3.7

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 64,007 66,366 2,235 1,146 3.4 1.7

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 27,141 28,264 1,016 526 3.6 1.8

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,866 38,103 1,219 621 3.2 1.6

Service occupations................................................ 22,490 24,821 2,824 1,462 11.2 5.6

Sales and office occupations...................................... 30,712 30,949 1,859 1,137 5.7 3.5

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,809 14,527 825 535 5.3 3.6

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,904 16,422 1,035 602 6.1 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,191 13,774 1,449 851 9.9 5.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,019 961 178 118 14.8 10.9

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,580 8,158 1,000 567 11.7 6.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,593 4,655 272 167 5.6 3.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 19,212 19,821 1,630 954 7.8 4.6

Production occupations.......................................... 8,039 8,066 547 290 6.4 3.5

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,174 11,755 1,084 664 8.8 5.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 10,404 5,964 6.5 3.7

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 8,460 4,739 6.7 3.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 89 34 13.1 5.8

Construction.......................................................................... 930 497 9.6 5.0

Manufacturing........................................................................ 640 435 4.3 2.8

Durable goods..................................................................... 337 282 3.5 2.8

Nondurable goods................................................................ 304 154 5.5 2.8

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,125 843 5.5 4.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 627 264 8.4 3.3

Information............................................................................ 158 115 6.4 4.9

Financial activities................................................................... 313 241 3.1 2.4

Professional and business services............................................... 1,071 707 6.1 3.8

Education and health services..................................................... 1,013 505 4.1 2.1

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 2,042 861 16.7 6.7

Other services........................................................................ 453 237 7.4 3.7

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 189 155 11.0 9.8

Government workers................................................................... 692 325 3.2 1.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 674 349 6.7 3.4

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2020

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 3.4 1.8 1.6 3.4 2.7 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 4.5 1.9 1.9 4.6 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 6.5 3.9 3.7 6.7 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.2 3.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 6.9 4.2 4.0 7.1 5.4 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.2

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 7.8 4.8 4.7 8.0 6.1 5.8 5.5 5.1 4.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 11.6 7.4 7.2 11.7 8.8 8.5 8.2 7.7 7.3

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

Dec.

2020

Dec.

2021

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 101,213 100,440 41,723 41,493 59,490 58,947

Persons who currently want a job................................ 7,088 5,524 3,388 2,759 3,699 2,765

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 2,197 1,671 1,151 924 1,046 747

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 661 468 418 279 243 189

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,536 1,203 733 645 803 558

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,496 7,461 3,092 3,741 3,404 3,720

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.3 4.8 3.9 4.6 4.8 5.0

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,721 4,062 1,926 2,235 1,795 1,827

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,590 1,825 563 622 1,027 1,203

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 287 406 156 255 130 150

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 832 1,094 414 588 418 507

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Change

from:

Nov.2021 -

Dec.2021p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,602 149,245 150,098 150,170 142,503 148,503 148,752 148,951 199

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,802 127,039 127,796 127,963 121,047 126,562 126,832 127,043 211

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,165 20,836 20,820 20,730 20,228 20,670 20,742 20,796 54

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 652 652 655 597 648 650 656 6

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.6 43.4 43.2 42.5 45.9 42.7 42.6 42.3 -0.3

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555.4 608.9 608.5 612.2 550.6 605.4 607.5 614.1 6.6

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.9 143.3 144.4 147.9 139.5 141.6 142.7 145.0 2.3

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178.0 184.9 184.2 181.9 178.7 183.3 183.5 184.2 0.7

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 42.5 42.2 42.5 42.2 42.5 42.4 42.8 0.4

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3 42.8 42.9 43.1 41.5 43.0 43.1 43.3 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.2 99.6 99.1 96.3 95.0 97.8 98.0 98.1 0.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.5 280.7 279.9 282.4 232.4 280.5 281.3 284.9 3.6

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,312 7,666 7,604 7,465 7,400 7,503 7,538 7,560 22

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,652.3 1,725.9 1,722.0 1,708.1 1,658.2 1,704.4 1,713.1 1,717.5 4.4

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.4 895.7 892.6 885.5 847.7 883.2 885.7 886.4 0.7

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.9 830.2 829.4 822.6 810.5 821.2 827.4 831.1 3.7

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,008.6 1,115.0 1,087.1 1,029.2 1,051.0 1,057.7 1,065.1 1,075.5 10.4

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,651.4 4,824.6 4,794.4 4,727.3 4,690.7 4,740.6 4,759.3 4,767.4 8.1

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,127.2 2,212.4 2,200.9 2,165.8 2,140.3 2,174.5 2,181.1 2,176.3 -4.8

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,524.2 2,612.2 2,593.5 2,561.5 2,550.4 2,566.1 2,578.2 2,591.1 12.9

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,251 12,518 12,564 12,610 12,231 12,519 12,554 12,580 26

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,609 7,778 7,803 7,834 7,598 7,789 7,806 7,826 20

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.0 413.3 414.9 417.0 402.5 412.4 414.2 415.5 1.3

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.9 401.4 403.4 400.2 400.3 398.4 401.0 403.1 2.1

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.9 355.1 358.3 361.7 348.4 358.2 359.9 361.8 1.9

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,388.1 1,424.6 1,432.3 1,435.0 1,385.8 1,429.6 1,437.2 1,436.6 -0.6

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,055.9 1,080.1 1,076.0 1,087.1 1,055.9 1,086.6 1,079.6 1,087.3 7.7

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,074.2 1,092.6 1,092.4 1,094.0 1,072.2 1,093.6 1,092.8 1,091.9 -0.9

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 162.5 167.2 167.7 167.4 162.6 167.2 167.6 167.0 -0.6

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.3 84.8 84.6 83.7 85.0 85.2 84.6 84.2 -0.4

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.3 374.6 375.2 374.8 368.2 375.4 375.2 374.4 -0.8

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.9 431.2 430.0 432.8 422.0 431.3 430.9 431.6 0.7

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 34.8 34.9 35.3 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.7 0.2

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 375.1 382.1 384.8 385.3 373.5 382.5 385.1 386.1 1.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,601.4 1,633.6 1,634.5 1,642.1 1,596.5 1,632.0 1,632.0 1,635.9 3.9

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913.3 936.3 934.0 942.7 910.8 935.8 929.9 934.1 4.2

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.9 362.8 364.5 367.7 356.2 363.7 364.2 365.8 1.6

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608.0 632.0 641.4 643.7 607.0 631.5 639.9 641.9 2.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,642 4,740 4,761 4,776 4,633 4,730 4,748 4,754 6

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,643.1 1,660.9 1,668.5 1,674.8 1,634.1 1,650.7 1,657.9 1,657.7 -0.2

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.1 99.2 99.9 100.3 96.1 99.1 99.8 100.5 0.7

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.7 108.7 109.0 110.0 105.2 108.6 108.6 109.5 0.9

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.7 93.5 94.6 95.5 92.8 93.1 94.2 94.8 0.6

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.7 353.9 358.3 358.5 356.0 355.4 358.2 356.7 -1.5

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 374.9 380.4 383.1 385.3 373.1 381.0 381.3 382.3 1.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.0 103.7 102.7 101.5 106.9 101.6 101.8 101.7 -0.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.9 858.7 860.1 868.3 842.7 863.4 863.8 866.1 2.3

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725.4 736.6 742.8 747.0 724.7 740.4 742.8 744.8 2.0

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.9 343.9 342.2 334.8 301.0 336.5 339.5 339.6 0.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,637 106,203 106,976 107,233 100,819 105,892 106,090 106,247 157

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,799 27,765 28,377 28,651 26,984 27,725 27,765 27,795 30

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,632.3 5,745.1 5,767.0 5,786.8 5,617.2 5,741.1 5,752.3 5,766.0 13.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,080.5 3,155.6 3,162.5 3,176.4 3,073.8 3,155.3 3,162.1 3,170.9 8.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,069.7 2,110.5 2,122.9 2,126.4 2,062.9 2,107.1 2,110.7 2,113.9 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Change

from:

Nov.2021 -

Dec.2021p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.1 479.0 481.6 484.0 480.5 478.7 479.5 481.2 1.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,628.2 15,504.3 15,860.0 15,963.7 15,159.8 15,467.2 15,453.9 15,451.8 -2.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,947.8 1,986.6 1,986.2 1,978.7 1,953.3 1,987.0 1,986.8 1,984.2 -2.6

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,239.4 1,250.5 1,253.3 1,249.9 1,239.6 1,252.5 1,252.9 1,250.8 -2.1

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.7 166.6 161.4 158.7 155.4 166.9 165.8 165.9 0.1

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 559.7 569.5 571.5 570.1 558.3 567.5 568.0 567.5 -0.5

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 455.3 448.2 460.1 461.5 435.2 446.9 447.3 445.3 -2.0

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 453.9 438.2 451.5 453.7 431.2 429.3 428.9 427.5 -1.4

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,395.0 1,343.1 1,336.3 1,333.1 1,426.6 1,364.9 1,367.7 1,365.7 -2.0

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,177.0 3,104.4 3,144.0 3,146.9 3,145.1 3,108.2 3,119.6 3,117.8 -1.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 987.5 1,033.0 1,056.4 1,067.0 960.8 1,027.8 1,032.2 1,036.8 4.6

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938.6 960.5 960.6 959.3 939.3 957.9 958.8 960.3 1.5

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,075.7 1,060.0 1,116.1 1,154.8 979.0 1,064.0 1,047.6 1,039.6 -8.0

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499.5 495.0 523.3 519.5 460.4 494.0 488.6 476.1 -12.5

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,278.6 3,153.0 3,323.4 3,384.9 3,048.1 3,118.6 3,103.3 3,119.1 15.8

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,110.1 1,015.2 1,111.8 1,147.0 976.8 1,007.9 1,002.4 1,003.1 0.7

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,168.5 2,137.8 2,211.6 2,237.9 2,071.3 2,110.7 2,100.9 2,115.9 15.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782.2 834.4 833.7 840.9 770.0 830.6 830.4 836.2 5.8

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637.1 647.9 668.4 663.4 610.8 638.0 642.7 643.2 0.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,998.4 5,979.8 6,213.0 6,363.2 5,668.1 5,980.4 6,022.6 6,041.3 18.7

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.8 465.2 468.4 474.0 398.3 467.3 471.0 476.8 5.8

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.4 142.3 142.5 142.5 144.5 142.1 142.4 142.3 -0.1

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 59.0 57.6 58.4 59.2 58.8 59.3 60.0 0.7

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,477.6 1,530.9 1,533.2 1,523.2 1,478.9 1,515.3 1,523.0 1,523.3 0.3

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.2 418.9 420.0 422.1 363.0 404.4 404.4 404.3 -0.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.8 50.0 50.5 49.4 49.7 50.0 50.5 0.5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 20.6 35.9 32.2 30.3 24.6 35.0 37.1 36.4 -0.7

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 700.4 741.9 752.2 762.5 694.7 741.6 747.5 754.9 7.4

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,305.0 1,014.0 1,205.8 1,344.8 1,034.3 1,067.2 1,084.4 1,084.3 -0.1

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,465.6 1,521.9 1,551.1 1,554.9 1,421.2 1,499.0 1,503.5 1,508.5 5.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540.2 535.8 536.7 536.8 538.5 536.5 536.4 536.2 -0.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,668 2,790 2,802 2,812 2,659 2,794 2,795 2,795 0

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 761.7 772.5 777.8 786.5 761.6 775.0 777.3 781.3 4.0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.4 347.8 350.3 344.2 258.7 348.4 346.9 340.7 -6.2

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247.4 238.5 238.1 238.1 246.3 237.6 237.6 237.7 0.1

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683.3 671.0 669.1 674.3 679.5 672.3 667.9 666.1 -1.8

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.9 381.5 381.2 382.7 355.8 380.4 380.3 381.9 1.6

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358.0 379.0 385.5 386.2 357.2 380.6 385.1 387.0 1.9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,788 8,907 8,920 8,942 8,774 8,894 8,911 8,919 8

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,554.8 6,564.9 6,581.9 6,597.0 6,539.4 6,562.3 6,572.7 6,576.3 3.6

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 20.3 20.1 20.1 20.1 20.3 20.1 20.2 20.3 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,673.4 2,660.3 2,662.6 2,666.2 2,670.4 2,664.8 2,663.6 2,662.7 -0.9

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,749.6 1,716.1 1,717.5 1,720.3 1,749.9 1,722.3 1,720.4 1,718.5 -1.9

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,362.9 1,324.4 1,324.0 1,325.8 1,364.1 1,329.9 1,327.5 1,325.7 -1.8

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 607.4 620.9 620.5 620.8 605.7 620.4 620.7 622.0 1.3

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 316.4 323.3 324.6 325.1 314.8 322.1 322.5 322.2 -0.3

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 975.6 1,010.4 1,018.2 1,021.7 973.0 1,008.4 1,017.1 1,018.4 1.3

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,885.5 2,874.1 2,881.0 2,889.0 2,875.7 2,869.0 2,871.8 2,874.9 3.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,233.6 2,342.3 2,337.9 2,344.6 2,234.7 2,331.6 2,337.8 2,343.1 5.3

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726.5 1,792.2 1,791.3 1,795.1 1,720.4 1,780.8 1,785.5 1,789.1 3.6

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.5 527.9 524.3 527.0 491.9 528.6 530.2 531.8 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Change

from:

Nov.2021 -

Dec.2021p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 22.6 22.2 22.3 22.5 22.4 22.2 22.1 22.2 0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,638 21,598 21,714 21,650 20,550 21,319 21,391 21,434 43

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,554.8 10,034.6 10,111.6 10,150.0 9,526.0 10,033.4 10,084.2 10,120.9 36.7

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,128.0 1,157.0 1,161.0 1,163.2 1,121.9 1,153.6 1,156.6 1,156.3 -0.3

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,001.2 1,023.8 1,050.0 1,075.1 996.5 1,074.9 1,079.7 1,083.1 3.4

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,524.4 1,606.0 1,606.2 1,610.5 1,525.7 1,596.0 1,601.1 1,609.7 8.6

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.4 145.4 147.8 150.2 133.6 144.3 146.7 149.0 2.3

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,204.6 2,313.0 2,333.7 2,323.3 2,211.7 2,301.4 2,314.3 2,324.5 10.2

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568.7 1,694.5 1,705.7 1,715.6 1,554.2 1,671.5 1,685.3 1,692.8 7.5

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784.8 836.3 839.7 848.6 784.1 840.0 842.1 848.5 6.4

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.3 454.8 458.1 460.4 440.6 454.2 456.2 457.2 1.0

Other professional and technical services. . . 764.4 803.8 809.4 803.1 757.7 797.7 802.2 799.8 -2.4

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,354.6 2,343.1 2,350.0 2,357.2 2,351.7 2,345.1 2,350.2 2,351.4 1.2

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,728.3 9,220.7 9,252.1 9,142.5 8,671.8 8,940.4 8,956.8 8,961.2 4.4

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,279.9 8,756.8 8,790.2 8,681.0 8,222.4 8,480.5 8,497.0 8,500.6 3.6

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 527.8 570.7 572.6 571.7 528.4 567.8 569.6 570.5 0.9

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.3 153.5 151.7 150.6 152.8 152.1 151.3 150.3 -1.0

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,389.3 3,645.1 3,684.7 3,684.2 3,256.5 3,443.8 3,443.9 3,449.2 5.3

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,762.4 2,964.2 2,998.3 2,987.5 2,620.6 2,788.8 2,789.3 2,787.7 -1.6

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.4 788.3 806.2 796.2 804.1 780.3 783.6 777.2 -6.4

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.5 165.1 162.7 161.7 147.0 166.2 164.2 162.9 -1.3

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 899.8 899.3 906.1 908.5 895.9 898.1 898.6 897.2 -1.4

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,038.3 2,210.9 2,182.5 2,090.9 2,133.6 2,152.9 2,163.5 2,171.3 7.8

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.5 323.9 323.7 317.2 304.1 319.3 322.3 322.0 -0.3

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448.4 463.9 461.9 461.5 449.4 459.9 459.8 460.6 0.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,400 23,922 24,017 23,954 23,249 23,780 23,794 23,804 10

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,404.1 3,769.5 3,816.2 3,749.8 3,321.0 3,632.7 3,638.8 3,642.2 3.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,996.1 20,152.5 20,200.5 20,203.7 19,928.3 20,147.5 20,155.5 20,161.6 6.1

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,036.3 16,049.4 16,078.9 16,085.9 15,979.3 16,042.1 16,045.7 16,042.6 -3.1

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,733.8 7,939.1 7,960.8 7,968.8 7,700.2 7,924.7 7,933.9 7,942.0 8.1

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,680.1 2,735.8 2,738.3 2,750.1 2,662.9 2,730.2 2,728.3 2,732.3 4.0

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987.9 1,030.9 1,038.7 1,034.2 983.5 1,028.7 1,032.8 1,033.2 0.4

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 951.3 1,014.0 1,021.7 1,021.4 948.4 1,012.9 1,018.2 1,017.7 -0.5

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002.9 1,012.8 1,017.8 1,018.8 998.4 1,012.3 1,015.3 1,015.9 0.6

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 288.9 300.3 300.3 302.3 288.0 299.9 300.6 301.5 0.9

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,514.0 1,529.8 1,526.9 1,523.8 1,508.7 1,525.2 1,522.6 1,523.8 1.2

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.7 315.5 317.1 318.2 310.3 315.3 316.1 317.6 1.5

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,183.9 5,148.5 5,158.0 5,152.5 5,174.8 5,145.1 5,147.0 5,141.9 -5.1

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,118.6 2,961.8 2,960.1 2,964.6 3,104.3 2,972.3 2,964.8 2,958.7 -6.1

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,439.5 1,353.5 1,348.9 1,347.9 1,433.4 1,359.1 1,350.9 1,345.7 -5.2

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 612.2 590.9 593.1 595.6 611.0 592.0 592.8 594.5 1.7

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912.5 867.8 867.8 872.3 906.0 871.5 870.9 868.7 -2.2

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 154.4 149.6 150.3 148.8 153.9 149.8 150.1 149.7 -0.4

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,959.8 4,103.1 4,121.6 4,117.8 3,949.0 4,105.4 4,109.8 4,119.0 9.2

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,616.3 2,690.5 2,696.3 2,694.8 2,614.4 2,692.8 2,697.1 2,709.9 12.8

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 186.5 184.6 188.1 188.5 184.0 185.5 187.0 186.4 -0.6

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 276.6 285.9 285.3 286.8 277.1 286.5 287.0 287.6 0.6

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880.4 942.1 951.9 947.7 873.5 940.6 938.8 935.1 -3.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,896 15,448 15,362 15,429 13,134 15,599 15,640 15,693 53

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,605.6 2,164.0 2,105.4 2,095.4 1,715.9 2,225.8 2,236.0 2,236.7 0.7

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 311.1 484.7 483.3 478.6 321.9 480.8 490.6 497.6 7.0

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.2 147.2 145.3 146.5 133.0 148.7 149.1 149.4 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Change

from:

Nov.2021 -

Dec.2021p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,166.3 1,532.1 1,476.8 1,470.3 1,261.0 1,596.3 1,596.3 1,589.7 -6.6

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 11,289.9 13,284.4 13,256.5 13,333.7 11,418.1 13,372.9 13,403.9 13,456.5 52.6

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376.4 1,777.1 1,728.7 1,747.9 1,421.2 1,793.6 1,791.0 1,801.0 10.0

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 9,913.5 11,507.3 11,527.8 11,585.8 9,996.9 11,579.3 11,612.9 11,655.5 42.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,448 5,773 5,784 5,795 5,469 5,781 5,794 5,807 13

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304.8 1,392.1 1,402.1 1,396.4 1,312.2 1,386.7 1,396.1 1,400.9 4.8

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,298.5 1,446.4 1,443.1 1,458.3 1,298.3 1,452.8 1,450.3 1,453.9 3.6

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,845.0 2,934.7 2,939.0 2,939.8 2,858.5 2,941.6 2,947.2 2,952.0 4.8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,800 22,206 22,302 22,207 21,456 21,941 21,920 21,908 -12

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,905 2,875 2,892 2,898 2,892 2,878 2,882 2,880 -2

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,279.8 2,277.6 2,274.2 2,273.2 2,285.3 2,273.7 2,273.6 2,272.4 -1.2

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624.7 597.6 617.9 625.2 606.7 604.0 608.6 608.0 -0.6

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,039 5,186 5,193 5,135 4,930 5,042 5,032 5,032 0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,361.1 2,551.7 2,569.3 2,516.5 2,243.7 2,403.5 2,400.1 2,405.1 5.0

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,677.6 2,633.9 2,623.7 2,618.5 2,686.4 2,638.5 2,632.3 2,627.2 -5.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,856 14,145 14,217 14,174 13,634 14,021 14,006 13,996 -10

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,634.1 7,853.5 7,931.0 7,923.9 7,326.4 7,666.9 7,655.1 7,653.3 -1.8

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,222.1 6,291.3 6,286.2 6,250.5 6,307.3 6,354.0 6,350.5 6,342.7 -7.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.7 34.7 34.7 34.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 39.9 39.9 40.0 40.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.0 44.9 45.1 44.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.2 38.8 39.0 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.0 40.3 40.4 40.3

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.7 40.1 40.1 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.6 33.7 33.7 33.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.1 34.5 34.6 34.7

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 39.4 39.2 39.2

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.4 30.9 31.2 31.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.6 38.1 38.0

Utilities........................................................................... 42.8 42.2 41.8 43.0

Information......................................................................... 37.1 37.0 37.0 37.1

Financial activities................................................................ 37.7 37.6 37.5 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.6

Education and health services.................................................. 33.5 33.3 33.3 33.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.2 26.3 26.3 26.3

Other services..................................................................... 32.4 32.2 32.2 32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Total private............................................... $29.91 $31.01 $31.12 $31.31 $1,037.88 $1,076.05 $1,079.86 $1,086.46

Goods-producing....................................... 30.30 31.48 31.55 31.65 1,208.97 1,256.05 1,262.00 1,269.17

Mining and logging.................................. 34.67 35.56 35.66 35.82 1,560.15 1,596.64 1,608.27 1,608.32

Construction.......................................... 32.09 33.43 33.45 33.57 1,257.93 1,297.08 1,304.55 1,319.30

Manufacturing........................................ 29.00 30.12 30.21 30.28 1,160.00 1,213.84 1,220.48 1,220.28

Durable goods.................................... 30.49 31.63 31.75 31.82 1,228.75 1,277.85 1,285.88 1,285.53

Nondurable goods................................ 26.54 27.61 27.64 27.70 1,053.64 1,107.16 1,108.36 1,108.00

Private service-providing.............................. 29.82 30.90 31.02 31.23 1,001.95 1,041.33 1,045.37 1,052.45

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 25.67 26.73 26.79 26.97 875.35 922.19 926.93 935.86

Wholesale trade.................................. 32.87 34.15 34.11 34.44 1,268.78 1,345.51 1,337.11 1,350.05

Retail trade........................................ 21.33 22.28 22.37 22.48 648.43 688.45 697.94 705.87

Transportation and warehousing............... 25.72 26.86 27.08 27.16 1,000.51 1,036.80 1,031.75 1,032.08

Utilities............................................. 44.13 45.27 45.36 46.17 1,888.76 1,910.39 1,896.05 1,985.31

Information........................................... 44.28 44.74 44.66 45.36 1,642.79 1,655.38 1,652.42 1,682.86

Financial activities................................... 39.06 40.52 40.71 40.98 1,472.56 1,523.55 1,526.63 1,536.75

Professional and business services.............. 35.59 37.40 37.56 37.81 1,306.15 1,372.58 1,378.45 1,383.85

Education and health services..................... 29.45 30.46 30.58 30.83 986.58 1,014.32 1,018.31 1,026.64

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 17.15 19.23 19.41 19.57 432.18 505.75 510.48 514.69

Other services....................................... 26.85 27.63 27.71 27.78 869.94 889.69 892.26 894.52

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2021 -

Dec.

2021p

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2021 -

Dec.

2021p

Total private..................................... 105.4 110.2 110.5 110.7 0.2 150.8 163.5 164.4 165.7 0.8

Goods-producing............................. 92.0 94.0 94.5 95.0 0.5 125.9 133.7 134.8 135.9 0.8

Mining and logging........................ 84.4 91.4 92.1 92.6 0.5 117.5 130.5 131.9 133.1 0.9

Construction................................ 100.0 100.4 101.3 102.4 1.1 139.4 145.8 147.3 149.4 1.4

Manufacturing.............................. 88.0 90.8 91.2 91.2 0.0 118.7 127.1 128.2 128.4 0.2

Durable goods........................... 86.2 88.6 89.0 89.0 0.0 116.7 124.5 125.5 125.8 0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 91.8 94.7 95.0 94.9 -0.1 123.6 132.6 133.3 133.4 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 109.1 114.9 115.1 115.3 0.2 158.1 172.6 173.6 175.0 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 100.4 104.4 104.8 105.2 0.4 139.0 150.5 151.4 153.1 1.1

Wholesale trade......................... 95.6 99.8 99.5 99.7 0.2 131.5 142.5 141.9 143.6 1.2

Retail trade.............................. 93.6 97.0 97.9 98.5 0.6 131.9 142.9 144.7 146.4 1.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 126.7 132.6 131.8 131.9 0.1 165.8 181.2 181.6 182.3 0.4

Utilities.................................... 99.7 98.0 97.0 99.8 2.9 145.4 146.5 145.4 152.2 4.7

Information................................. 90.1 94.4 94.4 94.7 0.3 142.0 150.4 150.2 152.9 1.8

Financial activities......................... 108.4 109.6 109.5 109.6 0.1 165.1 173.2 173.9 175.2 0.7

Professional and business services..... 118.3 122.7 123.1 123.0 -0.1 170.4 185.8 187.2 188.3 0.6

Education and health services........... 127.2 129.3 129.4 129.4 0.0 180.2 189.5 190.3 192.0 0.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 94.4 117.1 117.4 117.8 0.3 130.7 181.6 183.8 185.9 1.1

Other services............................. 102.2 107.3 107.6 107.8 0.2 150.3 162.5 163.4 164.1 0.4

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Total nonfarm............................................. 70,852 74,022 74,149 74,196 49.7 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private............................................ 58,520 61,323 61,464 61,509 48.3 48.5 48.5 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,581 4,709 4,725 4,740 22.6 22.8 22.8 22.8

Mining and logging............................... 84 82 84 86 14.1 12.7 12.9 13.1

Construction....................................... 983 1,038 1,038 1,040 13.3 13.8 13.8 13.8

Manufacturing..................................... 3,514 3,589 3,603 3,614 28.7 28.7 28.7 28.7

Durable goods.................................. 1,861 1,904 1,913 1,917 24.5 24.4 24.5 24.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,653 1,685 1,690 1,697 35.7 35.6 35.6 35.7

Private service-providing........................... 53,939 56,614 56,739 56,769 53.5 53.5 53.5 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,617 10,960 10,995 10,993 39.3 39.5 39.6 39.6

Wholesale trade................................ 1,678.0 1,726.3 1,734.3 1,737.8 29.9 30.1 30.1 30.1

Retail trade..................................... 7,352.9 7,537.0 7,547.2 7,544.4 48.5 48.7 48.8 48.8

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,452.8 1,561.8 1,578.8 1,576.0 25.6 26.1 26.2 26.1

Utilities........................................... 133.6 134.6 134.7 134.3 24.8 25.1 25.1 25.0

Information......................................... 1,062 1,097 1,105 1,104 39.9 39.3 39.5 39.5

Financial activities................................ 4,961 4,983 4,988 4,988 56.5 56.0 56.0 55.9

Professional and business services............ 9,451 9,916 9,946 9,955 46.0 46.5 46.5 46.4

Education and health services.................. 17,978 18,309 18,332 18,351 77.3 77.0 77.0 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 6,972 8,265 8,287 8,283 53.1 53.0 53.0 52.8

Other services..................................... 2,898 3,084 3,086 3,095 53.0 53.3 53.3 53.3

Government............................................. 12,332 12,699 12,685 12,687 57.5 57.9 57.9 57.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Total private............................................................................... 98,617 103,266 103,474 103,567

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,360 14,733 14,789 14,837

Mining and logging.................................................................. 426 485 488 493

Construction.......................................................................... 5,463 5,535 5,556 5,570

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,471 8,713 8,745 8,774

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,149 5,342 5,352 5,374

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,322 3,371 3,393 3,400

Private service-providing.............................................................. 84,257 88,533 88,685 88,730

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,855 23,385 23,468 23,489

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,453.4 4,568.1 4,584.1 4,598.7

Retail trade........................................................................ 12,936.1 13,199.5 13,204.9 13,207.0

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,039.3 5,190.0 5,251.2 5,255.1

Utilities.............................................................................. 425.8 427.0 427.4 427.7

Information............................................................................ 2,092 2,220 2,219 2,218

Financial activities................................................................... 6,667 6,713 6,715 6,717

Professional and business services............................................... 16,534 17,180 17,222 17,225

Education and health services..................................................... 20,370 20,763 20,764 20,753

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 11,287 13,562 13,581 13,590

Other services........................................................................ 4,452 4,710 4,716 4,738

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.2 34.1 34.1 34.2

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.9 40.8 41.0 41.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.9 46.9 46.9 46.6

Construction....................................................................... 39.8 39.4 39.8 40.1

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.3 41.3 41.4 41.4

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.5 41.2 41.4 41.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.1 41.4 41.4 41.6

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.1 34.3 34.3 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 39.2 39.1 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.6 30.8 30.9 31.0

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.5 38.4 38.1 37.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.4 42.0 41.7 42.5

Information......................................................................... 36.5 36.4 36.6 36.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.4 37.4 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 32.6 32.5 32.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 23.8 25.0 25.1 25.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.4 31.2 31.3 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.0

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Total private............................................... $25.15 $26.31 $26.43 $26.61 $860.13 $897.17 $901.26 $910.06

Goods-producing....................................... 25.77 26.91 27.01 27.13 1,053.99 1,097.93 1,107.41 1,115.04

Mining and logging.................................. 30.16 31.52 31.80 31.92 1,384.34 1,478.29 1,491.42 1,487.47

Construction.......................................... 29.64 30.99 31.08 31.20 1,179.67 1,221.01 1,236.98 1,251.12

Manufacturing........................................ 23.12 24.14 24.22 24.33 954.86 996.98 1,002.71 1,007.26

Durable goods.................................... 24.12 25.19 25.30 25.42 1,000.98 1,037.83 1,047.42 1,049.85

Nondurable goods................................ 21.55 22.48 22.52 22.62 885.71 930.67 932.33 940.99

Private service-providing.............................. 25.03 26.19 26.31 26.50 825.99 864.27 868.23 874.50

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.74 22.90 23.02 23.23 741.33 785.47 789.59 796.79

Wholesale trade.................................. 27.12 28.20 28.18 28.63 1,044.12 1,105.44 1,101.84 1,116.57

Retail trade........................................ 17.96 18.97 19.02 19.20 549.58 584.28 587.72 595.20

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.10 24.59 25.01 25.04 889.35 944.26 952.88 946.51

Utilities............................................. 39.00 40.31 40.44 40.95 1,653.60 1,693.02 1,686.35 1,740.38

Information........................................... 36.19 36.86 36.91 37.01 1,320.94 1,341.70 1,350.91 1,354.57

Financial activities................................... 29.68 30.73 30.89 30.91 1,110.03 1,149.30 1,155.29 1,159.13

Professional and business services.............. 29.66 31.35 31.54 31.82 1,076.66 1,138.01 1,144.90 1,155.07

Education and health services..................... 26.28 27.62 27.77 28.01 864.61 900.41 902.53 910.33

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.66 16.83 16.84 16.97 348.91 420.75 422.68 425.95

Other services....................................... 22.93 23.58 23.68 23.69 720.00 735.70 741.18 741.50

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2021 -

Dec.

2021p

Dec.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021p

Dec.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2021 -

Dec.

2021p

Total private..................................... 112.4 117.3 117.6 118.0 0.3 188.9 206.3 207.7 209.9 1.1

Goods-producing............................. 89.8 91.9 92.7 93.2 0.5 141.6 151.4 153.2 154.8 1.0

Mining and logging........................ 103.9 120.9 121.6 122.1 0.4 182.3 221.6 224.9 226.6 0.8

Construction................................ 108.9 109.2 110.7 111.8 1.0 174.2 182.7 185.8 188.4 1.4

Manufacturing.............................. 80.3 82.6 83.1 83.4 0.4 121.4 130.4 131.6 132.7 0.8

Durable goods........................... 80.3 82.7 83.2 83.4 0.2 120.9 130.0 131.5 132.3 0.6

Nondurable goods...................... 80.4 82.2 82.8 83.3 0.6 122.5 130.6 131.7 133.2 1.1

Private service-providing.................... 118.5 124.5 124.7 124.8 0.1 203.4 223.6 225.0 226.8 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 109.0 112.2 112.6 112.7 0.1 169.3 183.6 185.2 187.0 1.0

Wholesale trade......................... 101.8 106.3 106.4 106.4 0.0 162.9 176.9 176.9 179.9 1.7

Retail trade.............................. 100.2 102.9 103.3 103.6 0.3 154.2 167.2 168.3 170.5 1.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 146.8 150.8 151.4 150.3 -0.7 215.9 236.1 241.0 239.6 -0.6

Utilities.................................... 92.3 91.7 91.1 93.0 2.1 150.3 154.3 153.9 158.9 3.2

Information................................. 87.2 92.2 92.7 92.7 0.0 156.1 168.3 169.4 169.8 0.2

Financial activities......................... 117.4 118.2 118.2 118.6 0.3 214.3 223.4 224.6 225.4 0.4

Professional and business services..... 134.2 139.4 139.8 139.8 0.0 236.7 260.0 262.2 264.5 0.9

Education and health services........... 142.9 144.3 143.9 143.8 -0.1 247.9 263.1 263.7 265.9 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 98.4 124.2 124.9 124.9 0.0 163.8 237.4 238.8 240.8 0.8

Other services............................. 98.0 103.1 103.5 104.0 0.5 163.8 177.1 178.6 179.5 0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.