*h 81Gey yo pues ge SEzoUZOoy ve
*sseT Jo totas'st Bonen Shou! wed ysoseod

x ee “ee so ae 9 s-vz S°st 0001 tereeee lazenpuy Gupunzoesnuewuoy
* bros ge 6’9 bb we sos 6°69 o°00F Tee eeerer eres SsOHIOM JET TOO-ONT
z ss Po ug 62 ros 262 s'oz 0°08 teeeeee tte ee eee eee Cup ungoeznuey
_ x be “2 rb ha 69 9° be bse o°00r “2% Soyazenpuy Gujonpoud-eojnuos .
6 o's as “ve ong “ee £°ze o*oot tereeeecesT soyuzenpuy Guyonpoid-spoop
x bru oe ae we as “£92 g's , o'008 tee eeeeeceee ee eS sOHUOM UBT TOS-ONT
x re a os ore 69 g°s2 Soe o°oo *TAUZENPUL OFEALUd ‘suexJOM UOJUNUOU TTY
2 8°6 ss bee ye ae aes eL9 O'oor coeeesswepazenpuy Guy unzoesnueuucy
“9: 9°6 oe v6 e's ve bor 6°s9 o'oot Pere e eee ee CBO HIOM UBT TOO-~ONTY
+ 9°6 as £°6 ws “ee o'gs obs o°oos veeeeee _ sees Bugungoeznuey
26 gs" We 62 ze Shs s°a9 ooo srese7% Sopuzsnpuy Guponposd.0o4Aues
s° bros o's ss a> “9 Less £°b9 0°00! seeeeeeessT seyuyenpuy Guyonpoud-spoog
o Zot. os bee. zo we £°S¢ “99 o°008 teeeeeeeeecee es SNDYIOM JET TOS-OnTg
xE"0 %L°6 XQ’ bd xo 08 XG"e xb ek %L' $$ 2S" 99 %0" 001 Tree rAuQenpuy e7eALud ‘s4exJ0OM UopUN TIY
pesudar PE rey
TRIS] pers supa ay] Aga [ever eer aeyeny—uerye
-0u0g Ay{e60} pue Tequew Pied . pue sobeq| -uoduod 4o}Qedno00
ELIEY) Suo}sueg ~eyddng TezPOL pue ‘Auzenpuy
Spuosy syyouey 4SNzeRS Yop

Aq SNZe3E UOJUN Aq ‘UO,ZesUEdWOD [#3203 yo YUODUEd & ce $YSOO pue uopzpesueduos LH Ue

Dey SAsQENpUy OPeAL Id +40143edn290 pue Avysnpuy
We 40, poxsom Noy ued s3609 sedopdwyz ‘94 eT Gel

GIANTANOD--NOTIVdND30 CNV ‘AMLSAGNI ‘SNLVLS NOIND AG ViVG AYVHNNS


+4) eTqey ¥O pue je GEezZOUZOOZ SOS 1FLON

‘ ‘SSE0T JO 10°0$ St Porxsom unoy Jod 350) x
x x 2 £0° " 20° a zo’ trees °75 S¥psoueg JOY4zO
Le ab 2s by g° sb “eb sesessuoggesuaduos , 5404104
<b 60° te Sit 9° on 3° oourunsuy puowhoyduaun 03235
s* ¢0° rae got z co" z oueunsuy PUsuAOTdNOUN [Te4Eps4
9 <b 6°s ze" a's 26° 6's teeeesesees cAQguNIOS Jetees
o’le oL* “ob eork sve o2'8 ee seeeerees 7 pouynbos At{e607
cae zo° <° bo" “ or s* we 3414U; 9 s6uyaes
bik 60° se oy° Le £b° g2 . cesses s *SU0,SUOd
ah ) AAS “oe go oe oS° e's . ‘sGuyaes pue suoysusg
Por os' “se 6° 2s se rs seed e eevee eeeeee ee egoueunsUy
oo 20° s° 90° z cot ¢° see ceeeeeeseehed ag pus
bo 20° . 30° [Say aye a *sesnucg uo }zanposduon
9° bo: 9:2 9s" §t go: raat ‘ creseded wn woud
set 60° ¢ os* ab 62° oe w +hed yezuowsyddns
2: 20° 2° <o° s° so° } £ Aed oacey 40430
“ bo° s' 40° uch ris 6° ded oneoy 91S
bet at 22 is" - 92 bbe oe seeshed AepyToH
“G2 uve rae bo” es 49° se sted u0pzeoed
Bb, es" ve se 6k ge"b ore srerseneet Pted
ee 9g°t eos la" 6'Se bro g°de soeeeeeccoceocssyggzouog TezOL
6°92 6's 2°69 6S°6 bebe osihe Leet tereeeeetsepuetas pur sebey
70'00s 9L° 9S xo'008 Le°ehe %o°Oo! L6°SSS %a"o0t seeeeeseresesuopzesuaduios TeZOL
RULEFI] Ee. LER eoy EULEPL? | BOR USSITI FUSUS ASS
Sor espe — Fie aerrescenta— —Hewret-ae yest ey oR —nysipot uo | zesuaduoy
: ut S4exi0m TTY

8864 HOueW ‘BepuoGe3e9 Teuojzedno00 wofeuw Aq ‘Aaysnpuy
OZeALId SUOZZESUEdUOD [e703 oO YUOdIEd @ SE 6y509 pue UO;zEsSUEdWOD BoACTdUAa soy PexXJOM sNeYy Jed 67509 spdotduy *2 eTqel

SAINOOALVYD WWNOTLVdND90 Gyoud Ad vVivd d3tIviad


“4 OTe} $0 PUB YE SoZoUZOO, C8 = I3LON

"S607 JO 1° BYIOM UNOY sed 350 ¥
% OTT TT v% oT yaa) yee ore ToT]
x ah es Loe) “2 vs 4°62 6°OL o'ooL *Suouogey ‘siedtey ‘siougeTo ‘suoTpueH
x orb os 09 £°2 29 6°62 bog o'oo4 GUpAow Tepuozew ‘uo zezodsuedy
z 96 8 Ls v2 sh s- 92 she O'004 | ***apedeu +3ye49 euoyzonpoud Uoysso0Ug |
* 90h zs 09 “2 s°9 "62 6°02 o's teeeeeeeees *S4OAIOM JET TOO-enTT
x ove zs 979. ae we £22 £22 | O'OOk fortes TeDyueTS *Zuoddns enyzeuysjuyupy
2° 1 ove zz eb ron e's vez. LL OOO [ritttttetteeeeterer cree rs ueyuON SOTeS
" a9 ss a> 6"h 2 6" be bese o°o08 *TeproGeuew conpzesyszuyupe sonyznserg
. sre ae i°> ab oe 9°Se “pbs O°00r cress Twopuysey *AzTeyoeds Teuosssezoug
x40 SL: cae y 6b er “ee £°S2 L'be a°oor vere ee eee ee BLOOM UT TOD-03 fUM
x x" XO°$. oh %G* La aT 4 La aa TA %0° 004 sors snpuy Guyonpodd-eopases ‘ss0x40M [TY
x ro on a 0° ‘ee gs't zs 19°9 Sooo eee ee eee eenenee eres ee uarUOM OD, AUS
x zo} os* a" 2° 6" soe so°9 Olé ‘Sdouogey ‘suodtoy ‘sueueeT> ‘sueTpuey
7 Ok sort aye re es 98 grb 29°6 bersy sereeesBupaow Te pueqeu suopzezsodsuedy
so" es") os* S6° <b" bere 69°> orbs 6° 9 ste apedou 33049 ‘uogzonpodd uopsyo0Ug
x seh 0b sir | se" iee sore 16's as'ee . oeee S4OxNOM JET [OD-eNTg
¥ 68° 9° oe 6y° 93° 90°s a SSH [ott Teapseyo squoddns enpzeuzspuywpy
20° ge° <2" os* “w ss° sez zie LOO} [iter ee eeeeeeenseeereeeesuaysom sOTeS:
zo" bs*t oe 96° 2b° sob 69'S v6°ot “S22 *TepsoGeuRw MOnpeuzSsUpupe /OryzNdOxq
x go's n° 9° as* ozt is 60°st 82702 [rot Teoyuys, *AzyeyDeds TeUOysEeZ0Ug
20°0¢ shh 6>° on Le* meee oss bee vost . ceeee ceeeees*SsOx4OM JETTOD-03 14M
x 30" $$ 65" 0¢ 29° eel rae esse L2°$$ Go" 6$ ZL°21g_ |" /Z"snpuy Guyonpoud-eapasos ‘ssexsom Ty
“FoSyty PSs nesty Seu ACs ese hEuy Ket BREST YEyol TT SeTseyesy_ uotyes
-0uaq Ayyebo pue qTepusw Pied pue sebey) -ueduos As0603e9
4eur0 SuO Sued soy TEM -eyddng pepo, uoszednsa0
i

Yo4zedn990 Aq ‘Uo;QRsUOduoD [#3203 yo ZUEdIEd & GE BZEOD PUR UO zESUEdU

8864 YOrey “sopszenpuy Guyonpoud-orpAues ozeAyud ULYyZEM
0D eeAoT dua wos poysoM unoy sed SzS09 sedoTdug *7 OTqGeL

SIIMLSAGNT ONTONGOYd-JDTAUTS ‘NOITLVdNIIO AG Vivd AUVAWNS


cb PTQe, 50 PUS Ye SeZoUZ00) “WES 6F10N
“SSOT 4O 10°0$ Bh pEHuOM unoy sed ys09 x

* re id vb TT OT oz TUT ERT APENPUTSSTAIEE
* oe ary rary ah ze s*s2 O°00h f***e3e360 Tees pue ‘eoueunsuy sooueuyy — *
a 2°6 aE s*> ay L'> e°22 O°oor ceeeeeeeeerees “*ssepesy [e204
* oe o's ss 02 on, ‘gr 9z OODLE frrrrrrreereeesseeeseeecepedy epesotouy
z 6's os oe £2 ee | ates OOF [°° °S04NETI9N OF Tqnd pue UoyZeZJodsURLy
x ss, os os 68 iw) “sz ovoos |° *e*7Z SepuzEnpuy Guyonpoud-eajaues ”
iM ae st s°9 os gL 4°62 0°008 seeeeeence wereeeecees sseTqrunpuoN
aa roy ss 6k oe eZ beze ODO frereecerceeeccsecceevevees Tqeung
s° ee ss vk ss we zs ovoos |° re eeeeeeeereroees  Bupungzoegnuey
w (| ze o’y s'> s'2 ss “92 o‘oor sree e eee eeeeeeees suo nz onyzsUOD
s° g°6 ee a9 cary 69 bor o°oot 7T soyaysnpuy Guponposd-spoog
+ 220 x2's XE's utict zee at XE" 22 “1 xo°o04 seeeseooce Adqenpuy OZeALud ‘suBHJOM TTY
x go's ast as’ zz" 96° ozs 82°6 BESTE for eeeereeerereeeere rsp suzenpuy eDpaues
* zee zs" oe 62° sth 60"y seren 00°98 FESS Tod pue ‘ooueunsuy ‘ooueusy
20° yo 64° be: 98° ob ex" ere a9 ao"? peeeeee a cress sopedy Tyepey
x rs aa) dpe 9° ag Obed gh'> 6S" ht SLE Poreesseeeeeccere ****epesy STeSOTOUY
£0" sory s0°8 bore 9° tere 09'9 06°¢h os°az SOLFNTIIN Ob TQnd pue uojpzezuodsuedy
. Xk 80°b 6£" yo be" 16" Le°¢ S>°6 ZLSh reese 7% sopsyenpuy Guysnpoud-edpaueg
20° 92°h us° v6" 6y° one egy £2°08, SS'ob Cteteeerereserer cores SeTqesnpuon
40° gah to ess oo oe" t o9's So'be bores weeeereeeeee ceeeresSeTqeung
so° d's as° ozt as° Serb 40'S aires 92° 9b teeeeeereecrnrs eee Bupunzoegnuey
20° 96°) sy. | on bee us’ a) 06'E SZ'9P [ort te reese eeeeeee essen eeeuosgonugetog
0° ss'h 19° the ss* or 00's zoos Zoran froeeee ZV se,szsnpuy Gujonposd-spoop
20°0¢ 22°19 Gd° 08 8L"0: “9 #6508 Li's 20°01 BETES [rere reese eeeAuasnpuy ogerzud ‘Suexs0M TTY
e584 | Rtieoon] yeqzuew Pied [pue "ecden uedues Auoboze9
+eu0 = qos TRO} Auyenpuy

2864 Youey ‘sepsoGoze9 Auzenpuy
OPEALId sofeu Aq ‘uo;ZesUueduos T#}0} $0 YUSdIWEd @ Se 63809 pue UO;ZeSUEdWOD Joy Pexsom unoy ued 63609 shot duz *y ete,

. AMLSAGNI Ad Vivd AYVHNNS



"| OTGez 40 pue ze SeZOUZOCy BBS 13L0N

S807 40 10°09 8} poxiom unoy ved 3509 x
x x <° 90° x Ly ba° x x id zo" tetereececersee 7h Syppoueg 0470
ot oz* sy | sz be: az° gh 22° s'h be: fettssssssuopzesuaduod ,ssex404
a on aes dd at zi To i 60° 2° str ***eoueunsuy YUuEWA;dWeUN 03235
£° so" 40° 2 £0" so" a £0" gs bO° feoueunsuy yUoWAoTdMOUN Teuepe2,
6's 92° 20°) as se te: o°9 £2 as ae" teeeee tees Ag gunces hr tees
oe Here ont £°6 soy 22°b 8 so'k ss gene ofrsceee ''*7E poaynbew Ay te6e,
> 40° 90° s° 20° 90° s° 20° s° go" tirseresesececsagpauz g sGupaes
£2 62° to 52 ge" oy $'2 ort oe ob* teeter eee TTT Touoisuag
ge _ f° fe we Sb 9b" o's ag st ss° _ ‘*sBujnes pue suojsueg
o's 9° oe Soh $°s ae ue 2's oo ed sts oe eens see eeeeeeees epqueunsuy
2 <o° 9° on z ¢o° So° ro ¢o° ¢° sor seeee seeeeeeeeeee hed ag gus
o'y rae bo 80° o%" sa “ 60° att ob . . Sesnuog UopZonposduoy
6° tbe S'2 So° ob si' 22° ran si" it ibe . . ‘ sAed wn puaug
ore 92° s°s oo oe 22° 6s" ee te bre es° srteeecceceeeeeshed Tequowstddng
<° 0° g° 90° eo 20° <0" ca co" b° 90° . . treseshed waeeyT 1030
6° eu a eh 6° bie ou ° oy" o's 94° . . teee hed eneol 21S
o°2 os* v2 bb° £°2 os: so° 22 dz" 9% Ob° . . wees stthed AepytoH
be <>" O'> ZL" o's 6>° $s" s'¢ Oo" re is . . ate shed uopqeden
6'9 62° bee st"h 69 oo'h 86° 9 og" oe ess . . "TOABBT PHEW
g's 62°s ass zee 8°92 bos 96°S 6°Se aves gle ot od hoe “SPppoueq TezoL
S'bd 19°6. £°99 boven f ores 69°08 $L°6 bebe $0°6 Zee GE'HE [rere sr eereceessepuetes pue sebey
xo°O0b 06°28) xO°OOL | Ob Sisixocoos | 6S'o1s VL'Sbsixo°ook | Fe°zis|x~o'oos ctsrreresessuopgesuaduios Tezo;
Lis USsIsy BO; PULERL? BO: ULERY Bo, ULEEI) 56: Oss TS, SO; USUSdUos
3 to ee ee eee en ayheg | Seebuyaey — ual yesueduog
USposT St yae Issa

OZEALUd ‘UOPZERUEdWOD [e}0} yo yUOdUEd e se S}s80o pue uopZesueduos Bodo’

826) YOjey “snzezs uoyuN pue uop6ea Aq *Asysnpuy
Tdus 40f pexiom inoy sod 63809 uedo,duy *¢ efqe,

SNLVLS NOINN GNY NOTOaY AG ViVd G311V13d


1b 8TA22 40 pull ye SezoUX004 vos 1310N
x

‘SST JO $0°0$ St pexuom nou ded oe)

g as rr wo cat? oF OOF OTT TOT
x bee os ra) ss Lb sos 2°69 O°004 | *Sues0gey ‘ssedtey ‘sueuect> ‘suetpuey
2 rants ob WL o'y ss oes a9 ODOR frees + -Gupnow yepuozew “uo sZezuodsues)
Oe 26 Ve ve Ly 69 “o's £99 O°00b  }** 8403 0edsu4 evo Tquosse,*suedo! eujyoey
s° 6°04 Oo a9 O*> s°¢ “Log £769 O°008 ‘tt ayeded *gze49 (uoszonpoud uoysyooug
°° 2°08 vs rae a ran) 6S se ae9 o'0os .* ereeeceere secs spuaniom seTTooentg
a + 2g 6°s ie re “e 2708 8°69 o°008 "Se" T@opueTD "Zueddns PAL zENIS pUpUpy
2° ee “es Gy ze 6°2 6°92 ee o°o08 *TepaeGeuew ‘onjzeuzsyupupe f@ayynoexg
c 28h Vo eo ae 6°82 sez S°te O°008 "Teopuyoe, *Ayyeyoods Teuojssejoug
ro oe 6's og 6°t oe o°ez o°ee O°oor Ce teeeseeeeece SAOxNOM YET [09.03 buy
xE'0 2G°6 XL°¢ Syewuwates Thre to“fatery . 7 2X2 08 % 9°62. 20°00} _|*/Tseisgsnpuy 6ujonpoud-spoo6 ‘suexs0m try
40° Suh bbe aby tg° se 6b*d bbs ag°es ttreeee tteee freee ss oyuOMm Bo pAueS
x 9o°k op. 64° bbe 9s° $9°¢ aie + OF FL fowseuogey ‘suedtey ‘sueueeto (sue Tpuay
vo" “oer 6 shy bor ee" bzs 69°04 £6°St "reese Buyaow pepuozeu (405 7e340dsued)
so" Tas rd tina) 29° 26° tory ves G2°oh **840390dsu) suet quosses*ss0do eusyoey
0° s6"h ta Lisa) bar 56° go's 9S" Sh EBLE fre apedes “yyw (Uo}zONpodd Yoyspoorg
so° ss") ss° 90°5 29° ae QL*> 90°04 Lob freee weeeee *"**S4o4JoM JeTyoo-entg
so" 90°4 is so'k a 00'8 06's 10'6 $6°Zh Jeet eesTeapeTD “guoddne enyzesqsjujupy
_ 2d" 26°h bors ge'y 6s" fo°2 eer’ b6°6L be° le "Te 4eGeuew (OA, 2e4pS sUyupeE f@ayynzexg
90°, 24 6° Ob'4.. 6£° so°z ao°9 82°9r 9L°22 Tete" Teopuyoe, *AyTepoods Teuojssejoug |
O° es*t 62° xia) 6g" sath bas OL*bs bb°02 a crete eeeree ess teysoM deTTOO-02 4UM
0°0$ SS" te $2°0¢ ais SS 08 yesytt 90°S$ 2b" bbs Zo" 91$ | */Teeys3snpuy Guyonposd-spoos (S4Oy440M TTY
WNT I Xe BREST TeyOL Bey IepeSy Uotyes
=0usg TeQuew Pied sJpue se6ey| -ueduos Asu0boze9
SLE) etddng Tezoy uosyednong

UopzednoD0 Aq

(U0; ZeBUEdWoD Tez03 3° YUOdUEd & Se BYS09 pu Uo }pesueduoo Soko

Youey “6efuzEnpuy Guy onpoud-spoos OVeASId ULI EM
Tdue 40, porxsom “noy sed sys00 sedopduy +9 erqey

SATYLSNGNI ONTONGONd-SdG09 ‘NOTLYdNI90 Ag Vivd AYVWWNS


News: «
; ; Department *
i E of Labor y

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 ©

Technical contact: USDL: 88-293

‘ Felicia Nathan (202) $23-1165
Media contact: FOR RELEASE: Immediate
Kathryn Hoyle (202) 523-1913 Thursday, June 16, 1988

EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION - MARCH 1988

Employer costs for employee compensation in private industry
averaged $13.79 per hour worked in March 1988, the U.S.
Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
Straight-time wages and salaries--72.7 percent of the costs--
averaged $10.02, while benefit costs--the remaining 27.3
percent-~averaged $3.77.

Legally required benefits (e.g., social security, workers‘
compensation, unemployment insurance) averaged $1.22 per hour
worked--the largest cost to employers among the benefit
categories. Legally required benefits accounted for 8.8 percent
of total compensation costs and about a third of all benefit
costs. Social security, the largest legally required benefit,
cost employers, on average, 81 cents per hour worked--5.9 percent
of all compensation costs and about a fifth of all benefit costs.

{See table 1.)

Other important benefit categories and their average costs
were: Paid leave (97 cents), insurance (78 cents), pensions and>
savings (45 cents), and supplemental pay (33 cents), which
includes premium pay for overtime, shift pay, nonproduction
bonuses, and lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage
increases. (See-‘chart on page 3.)

Compensation costs varied widely by industry and
occupational group, union status, and geographic region.

Compensation costs averaged more for workers in goods-
producing industries ($16.42 per hour worked) than for those in
service-producing industries ($12.72). Among service-producing
industries, compensation costs ranged from $8.00 in retail trade
to $20.50 in transportation and public utilities. Among the
goods~producing industries for which data are available,
compensation costs ranged from $14.55 in nondurables manu-
facturing to $17.44 in durables manufacturing. (See table 4.)

|
|
|



“tb eTqey 30 pus ye SozoUZ003 OBS 1 3510N
x

“S50T JO 10°0$ S} PoOx4IOM sNOY sed 450°
x OTT TT Vy oT ran +4 o°TT D'OOT ¥ SAsiIon es AIOE
x 6' ub se 6's “Le Lo Bez athe Ooo: ‘Sdesogey ‘suedtTey ‘sueueeT> ‘suetpuey
x 22 as 6's 2 es zor 2°69 O°001 cress s 6upaow Tepuezew ¢u04gezs0dsued
2 urus O'> i's “2 vs 98% bbe o'003 “teapedeu 433849 ‘uoLzoNpoud Uojs;o0uUg
s’bs es S’s “2 os 0°62 Orbe oO'ooL reeeeeererens +++ 1s40xJ0m seq yo2-enta
x ore rany 9 ae “ee ele geez 0°00) Tees Teo puOTS "Quoddns ensze435 5 UpUpy
2 oe 22 eb Pon ss ord ole orooy [reese Tete eee rere sees upuoM sOTeS
“69 ae 0°sz O°se o'001 "TRpueGeuew ‘onyjeuzsjusupe *onsyznooxg
x .1 gre es 9°SZ bibs O'0as [o's **TeDpuyne, “AZ Teed TeUossesoug
abo ok z's £°52 Loe OODLE frereseessees So 8 Sseysom set {09-03 44M
x %6°3 %e'S %6°SZ Xbioe “O° OO) ‘*SOpszenpuy Guyunzoesnueuuou ‘sueysom Try
x Aa on os‘) zis 29°9 Tennesse renee eee reeset BueHUOM O94 AUaS
: sure sx as° 92° So° B22 909 £9°6 "Suosogey ‘S4edTey ‘sseueeTs ‘suoTpuey
St enh ss° sa" 95° 2° , lero 48°6 ‘ vb db reese 6upaow Teysozew (uo 4383 4odeued)
0° 6a"h 29° 06° ob" 26° aa'> O22) g0°Lt *tapeded 33849 suopgonpoud wos po0ug
20° ss'h is" SL° es" zn 26°5 09°6 es's) wee vere Stee" SuoytoM JeTTOo-enTg
x 06° 95° bur 64° 9g" 90°S bare ge° be "lees TeDpseTD "Quoddns easze4zs puyupy
20° es° 2° os: ue ss° 9e°2 e's oston fees thet ener eeeeeesessonuom BOTeS
zo" es‘h se 26° bo” So's 69'S Ondb 6L°22 “Te pveGeuew ‘onyzesgsyupupe sonyyznoerg
1k bok aL se° as’ bere be's o2"s) bb'o2 |***s*Teayuyoe, *Azzeyoeds Yeuojssosoug
Zo'as ste 6o° si’ la" abeb bers és"hs horse vt ve Tete *S4e410M JeTTOD-03 }UM
Es 2b" bs $o° 0s. 29° Sa Sate ee5e2 6588 $9" 6$ 20°S1s | **Soy4ysnpuy Bupunzoesnuewuou ‘suexsom Try
“POETS TT Perineesy] souypacs esues Linn Kea BREST TEPOL Soy Ieyesy|ueyyes
-oueg AT [e607 pue TeQuew Pled pue sebey} ~ueduo> Aso6aze9
J0ur0 su0jsued gneiss . Tezo, Uoyzednoog
886) YOseH ‘Soyuysnpus Guyingzoesnuewuou ozyearad ULyzIM

uoyzedna00 Aq ‘uo,zesueduos [e303 3° }UedI0d & Se 53809 pue uo} zesUOdWO

2 eohoydus

40} POrx40M sNoy od Gys0D sohoTduy +6 eTqel

SATMLSAGNI ONTYNLOVANNVANON ‘NOTLYdN990 AG Viva ANYHAS


‘4 ST ge} 30 pus ye SezoUZ0o 80: 2910)
9 rar TF TC oT wr vey TOOT EaeyION wa TAGES
z ze ore 28 te vee oo 0°00L | *SsesoqeT ‘ssedtoy ‘sseueeto> ‘suntpueH
.° 9°08 os zs 69 e's “99 O00} {ott t ts *Guyaow Tegsezew suo;zeZsodsuedy
oe L'°6 es $8 oe .| ores 999 O00} |**suoZoedsul /sueTquesses suede oujyoey
y 2°6 ore ok ae 4 bres 9°49 O°004 [ort spedeu *yze49 suoyzonpotd Uojsyo0ug
o £°6 te ve on: ores ir) orooy fet . soeeeesuDdom JeTTOo~enTE
s° ze a> ue ol gs g°e9 O700b [ttt tt TeopyeTs *yuoddns eayzeuzsjuyupy
2 9 Oro o's £°6 £'42 uz 0°00) | TepveGeuew vonyzeuzsyuyupe ‘onyznoexg
so , bk ty z9 0°6 L°8z sthe O°OOk «jie t's TeojuyDeR “AZTeyDeds TeUoJsseZoUg
2 re tb 29 ee S'9z S'be OOOh prrrrrrett esters resseysoM 4eT 109-03 14M
xE'0 xe'g xG'S wets becuse a hibery gt 22M %8'89 ZOO} [o's Sepuzsnpuy Guyunzoesnuew ‘ssexs0m TTY
20° gts sb zh se" os" oH BSH freereresses crete sees eS uOysOM 8D 4 AUS
20° any st 6° ze bee v6k RL Lb | *S4ouegey ‘Suedjey ‘sueureTo ‘sueTpueH
soo" | soty sg 42"h so'k ens och | sorsh [teers +Gujnou tepuozeu ‘uoyzequodsuedy
so" 824 zy" ze 26° zoo £9'8 Sze) | **Ssozoedsuy /sueqquossey‘s1edo eusyoey
20° ook ss* so'h ost ar borze I8'Lb [ot tugedou Qyeua suoyzanpoud uojsyoodg
* so° 6s't bot on oo't zero 95°6 yn seeeeeeseceee@somuoM seT{oo-ontg
sor 2o°h ss° buy bore zbo 96's BOSE foes TeapueTS “quoddns enjzeuzs,upupy
0° ash teh esr} 95° ss'l bbroz 99°42 | TepteGeuew ‘enpzeszsjupupe ‘onyznoerg
-90° sok 26° Ov"F z0°z soo 66°Sh borzz [oir Teajpuyoe, “AqTeyoeds Teuojssesoug
bo" isth 58° ez"h oes 98'S Lovo ESO frees terse sees eee RseHJOM seTTOD~03 144
so'og Sb 1s £508 92" 18 §2° 18 10°G$ Bpitis | 9z'9is fees *sepszenpuy Gupunzoegnuew ‘suexsom TTY
“PHT P ReTTNB ETT eoUT REE TwoUETREUT ee Teyol—] ee ye Tesy—woyyee
souoq | ATTe607 pue Pied pue sebey| -ueduos As0603e9
20uz0 Su psued Teo, uo yzedno09

uo4yzednD90 Aq ‘uoyzesuoduod [#202 40. yUodUed @ Se 52502 pues UojzeESUEdWIOD ood

v

64 Ye ‘sopszenpuy Guyunjgoesnuen szeapud upyzim
OT due woy paxsom sunoy ued &yS09 soAoTdWy “g OTGQeL

SATMLSAGNI ONTYUALIVANNVYW ‘NOTLVdN9I0 AG ViVd AYVHWNS



‘4 STqez yo pul ye Sez0UZ004 MOS —+F1ON
x

'SSOT JO 19°Og 6} PoyxJoM unoy ued He3t.
® OTT ry LM rT o> Lx [74 oooT ow
x au £‘s s°9 es es 6°62 bog 0°00} | *S4esogey ‘suedtoy ‘sueuReto ‘suatpueYy
- ob as £°9 Pad a’9 gos 2°69 O'OOL [ice e ts Gupnow yepuezew ‘u0j;zezsodsueuy
y° 26 is cae o> 69 6°2s ‘49 voor |° *u0z0edsu| peso Tquosses*siedo eupyoey
.° bob vs oe ss oo. 6°62 wy) O°D0h Jr rapedou *yyeuo suoyzonpoud Uojs}oeuUg
z 2or vs “go rs ro gOS z"69 o°o08 tree Treen cece SseHIOM UETTOD~ONTE
o°e £‘s 6°9 ab : “ee az ace ovoo8 Tress eTwaEueTS *{uoddns enyzeuzspupmpy
z se z2 eb sh es g°22z sue DOE |r iree et eeee eee eeeeeee seep seyuon Sates
" 1 69 vs ‘L's s°s2 s°be G'oos *TejueGeuewe renppesgwpuyupe sanyynsoxy
" : se 6s s°2 £°9% “se o'oor Totes Teaquysey *AzTesoeds Teuoyscesosy
SL ve 6k 6°Ss2 bree o°ooL we Stee ess *SsOxIOM SET TOD~03 BiH
XS" 0 22° 2 xo" an LS ee 4 2Lr2L 20° 008 reeeecoeeeeec AR enpUL OJeAfud ‘ssOyxIOM TTY
x ba te es" gs°h 6b's oL'9 veces Crees e eS uDysOM SDEAUOS
x 6bh og’ es" £0°s bere oor Jogel ‘eiedtey ‘sucuesTS ésueypuey
zo‘ donee ss° te ra) 96°6 Ob dE forse es Buynow Tegueqzeu “uoyzezuodsuedy
so” 92" bor 06° 92"b 698 G6°Z) | **#40zDedsuy /sueTquesses*susdo ousyoey
. 40° sere so So's girs pee ee’ dt trrupedes Qyeso suoszonpoud uoysyoeug
<0" ao'b gd" se" la'y 65°6 ABEL [or rerseeerecceceree erp tontom serTooentg
zor 26° ss° 6a" bers es’? es" hh Tote" TeapdOTS ‘Quoddns ensjeuzs;upmpy
20° 06° be" 6s° bez zore DEOL [rrertreeeeees ste eee esuoyJoM SOTeS
zo° york te 20% so°9 Bode bi'se “TepseGeuew fenpzeuzspuyupe sonyynoexg
zo" esrb ber aut 6y's os°sh SB°O% [ress Teopuyoey ‘AzTeyoods Jeuoyssosoug
zo" oz't be’ 924 shy bebe 46°Sh reeeeeereres * S'S dOHIOM JET TOS-03 14H
20" 0$ 22" he >" 0 1°08 “ror ee eae LL°$S rae GL'Sbs prseee seer AdgGnpUy eZengsd ‘s4ex40M TTY
at it4 Tequow Pied pue zolen wucdaos : AsoGoze2
HON30 aby Lddns . yezoy uoyzedns99 .

: 8264 YONeY *S40rHW10M Auzysnpuy ezenpud
4oy Uoyzedno20 Aq ‘uo, esuedsion T#20} 40 ZUBDI0d @ Se By809 pur UO,ZeERUBdWOD Oo:

AMLSNGNI AVATYd NI SY3BXYOM IV ‘HOTLYdN990 AG Viva AUYNWNS


‘UMOYS BPLZOUeq 0% UOLZIPPEe UL PoupNbes

‘SzZUOUCdWOD Uo},PeESUEdWOD ApTeboy Jeyzo pue ‘yuowAoTdueun yez,UuewaTddns peojyT yes
OY JO UOPZPUZZOP © Oy OZFOU AyoJeUueTdxXe CYR C&S IZLON * ¢quewdopduoun peout yes ‘zuowes}302 peospyes Sopntouy /T
*S5OT JO 10°G$ S} POHUOM snoy sod 360) -% ‘Sopuzsnpuy 924Au0s pue fo3e260 Teo pue ‘eoueunsuy
. *$04035 fOoURULY fOpR4z TPEPOU pue OTesoTOYM 1501R4T BN
juouzsedep uy Syunoos |p Os }pueyouew pue ‘szysousq >yzand pue ‘uopzZedzuNWMOD ‘U0}zZeZ4OdSUeE4R SOPNTIUT a
quewudoyduoun yezuowerddns ‘Aed eQueuones sepnyouy 75 *Gupgsnzpoesnuew pue ‘uopzonuzsuod <Gujyuyw sapnpauy 77”
x x e so° x x ¢° bo° 2° zo" peeeee +6967 #34geueq u0y30
git 2° ob 92° s't ab £°2 4° “th bz° Sereeseessuoggzesuaduod ,SuexJoy
g ot [oa ioe “ 60° (ea) abe 2° ane +s eouesnsuy JUoWACTdMeUN 03635..
<° <0° z <0° s¢ <0° 2 ¢o° z €0° ‘eouesnsu, yUuEWAoTdueUN yesepo4
as 9L° 6's $6" 6's SL a's 96° 6's is: ceteee ress AR gunoes jetees .
68 ont a8 o°b so? go'h $°6 sa°h ae 22h veers <*7E poaynbow Atpe6oy
> 90° “ tbe o° 90° 9° Bt’ -p Ste 20° vee sreag tau g sBuraes
£2 95° i4 9b" 4 so° ee bs° a2 ss° see pote "BUC PSUS,
ee bbe s°s 4s* as 6s" “e it £‘s Sb° we s6ujaes pue sudpsucd
og 99° be ozs o's bo” a9 tirk C1 os eL° steers wees *eoueunsuy
2: £0" s° 60° 2: so: o° to" £° bor: : sercsesss shed 3544S
6° bbe he ob 6° the rh ch g° 2° . “sesnuog uo pyanposduoy,
6° bh ae 95° g oF 4 ss" rae abe . ceeeess shed win pwesd
ove se" ss es° 6k be" £'e Ss* vee <s° . tre thed yeyuewstddng
£° bo° 2 yo° <° 40° 2° bo" <° O° : . sthed Baeey 40430
6° ey “ bar ovl she o° oI" 6° auc . . sethed aaeot 4O1S
rand 6c" 6°% iy? ge 62° sz 2b" be s° . . seseeshed AGpyTOH
bs bbe 6°¢ <9" ss oy a's as" Ss ab" . . seeethed uoyzecen
9 6g" “e Sok ee 6 69 Lt gerk od 167° YW . treeessconeet pied
6°S2 6f°s 2s 40's L°S2 les bof oos £°Le teeeeceeeerceesS2}pOURG THZO}
broe 69°6 e°e9 eevee f7oe So°6 ‘| 9°69 corke “eee trtreeeecesSasueqtes pue sobeny
“o°00b Bo°ste |xo°oor 92°9bS [xO°oOt ZL°S4S [40° OOF zb'9bs |xo"oos wre ss tuopzesueduos Tezo)
WSs ISI] Fao. VCERLY JSS: WSSIST| SIS Lie) PUSSIES, _ysoy [| _ FAIS
ae penpa pea reer | ep serene ~kaiysnpuy-oyenyad uo fzesuaduog
Gupunjpoesnuewuoy] G6uzysnzoesnuey  [6uponpoid.ooyAsog] Guponpoid-spoop Ub S40xI0M TTY

B86) Youey ‘sopuoGoezeo Aujenpuy sofew Aq ‘Auzsnpuy oyenpad
#UOPQESUdMOD TezZ0} yo ZUOdUEd & GE BPSD pu UOJZESUGdWOD DOADTdWO OZ POHXJOM uNoYy dod Sys09 “oAOT AWA *4 ETGeL

SAIMOOALVD AULSNGNI Gvous AG Viva d3ziIVv13d


15
EXPLANATORY NOTES

Employer costs for employee compensation is a measure of the average cost per
hour worked to employers for wages and salaries and benefits. -

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate, or for
workers not paid on an hourly basis, straight-time earnings divided by the
corresponding hours. Straight-time wage and salary rates are total earnings
before payroll] deductions, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on
weekends and holidays, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, and lump-sum
payments provided in lieu of wage increases. Production bonuses, incentive
earnings, commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments are included in
straight-time wage and salary rates.

Benefits covered are:
Paid leave--paid vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other leave.
Supplemental pay--premium pay for overtime and work on weekends and holidays,
shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, and lump-sum payments provided in
lieu of wage increases.
Insurance benefits--life, health, and sickness and accident insurance.

Retirement and savings benefits--pension and other retirement plans and sav-
ings and thrift plans.

Legally required benefits--social security, railroad retirement and supple-
mental retirement, railroad unemployment insurance, Federal and state
unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and other benefits required by
law, such as state temporary disability insurance.

Other benefits~-severance pay, supplemental unemployment plans, and merchan-
dise discounts in department stores.

The Survey

Employer costs for employee compensation cover all? occupations in the private
economy, excluding farms and households. These cost levels are published once a
year with the payroll period. including March 12th as the reference period.

The cost levels are based on compensation cost data collected for the Bureau
of Labor Statistics Employment Cost Index (ECI), released quarterly. Cost data
were collected from the ECI's March 1988 private industry sample which consisted
of about 18,000 occupations within 3,400 sample establishments. The sample
establishments are classified in industry categories based on the 1972 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as defined by the U.S. Office of
Management and Budget. Within an establishment, specific job categories are
selected to represent broader major occupational groups such as professional
specialty and technical occupations.



Appendix. Employer costs per hour worked for components of compensation and relative standard errors, 4
by major Industry and occupation categories, March 1988

7 T Benefit co:
Industry or occupation } Total | ] ‘Supple- Pensions
category compensa~|Wagas and ‘ Pald mantal and Legally Other
tion [salaries Total leave pay Insurance| _savines |reqired jbenefits
AIT workers in private industry
Cost per hour worked......] $13.79 $10.02 $3.77 $0.97 $0.33 $0.78 $0.45 $1.22 $0.02
Relative error.secseceeree 7% 7% 19% 1.4% 2.4% 1.3% 2.8% 18% 6.6%
Goots~producing tndustries .
Cost per hour worked......| $16.42 | $11.42 $5.00 $t.13 $.55 $1.14 9.64 $1.55 $.04
Relative error... tee 1.3% 1.3% 1.8% 2.2% 3.3% 2.4% 4.3% 2.0% 8.7%
Service-producing industri
Cost per hour worked +] $12.72 $9.45 $3.27 $94 $.24 $.64 $.39 $1.08 x
Relative error..... : 19% 8% 1.2% 1.9% 3.6% 1.8% 3.5% TK
Manufacturing industries .
Cost per hour worked +} 946,26 $11.18 $5.07 $1.25 $.58 $1.20 $.57 $1.43 $.05
Relative error...sssseeees 1.4% 1.4% 1.8% 2.2% GK 2.4% 3.8% 1.8% 9.0%
Nonmanufacturing industries .
Cost per Pour worked $13.08 $9.69 $3.39 $.89 $.25 3.66 oot 91.16 x
Relative error.....ee 9% 8% 1.2% 1.8% 3.2% 1.8% 3.4K 9% ,
White-collar workers 3
Cost per hour worked, } $15.97 $11.84 $4.13 $1.26 $.29 $.83 $.54 $1.20 $.02
Relative error....... Tid 1.4% 1.4% 2.0% 4.3K 1.7% 3.1K 18% 8.4%
Blue-collar workers
Cost per hour worked. $13.87 $9.59 $4.27 $.85 $.50 $.93 9.48 91,48 $.03 .
Relative error...eseee 1.1% 1.0% 1.6% 1.8% 34x 2.2% 4.5% 1.6% 7.9%
Service workers
Cost per hour worked... $6.76 $5.19 $1.56 $.32 $09 $.50 $14 $.74 x
Relative error......e. 1.9% 1.8% 2.9% 4.8% 6.0% i 7.0% 12.2% 2.1%

4/7 The relative standard error

expressed as a percent of the cost.

{s the standard error

We can be 95

ercent confident the interval around the cost estimate
jounded by tuo times, plug and two times minus the rela~

tive, error contains

@ "true" cost.

% Cost per hour worked ts $0.01 or less.
Relative standard errors for all published
compensation costs are available upon request.

NOTE:


Relative Importance of Components of
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,
Private Industry, March 1988



2 . :
Among occupational categories, average compensation costs
were higher for white-collar workers ($15.97) than for blue~
collar workers ($13.87) and service workers ($6.76). However,
the level of compensation varied considerably by occupational
group within the blue-collar and white-collar categories. (See
table 5.) No breakdown in compensation costs for various service
occupations (e.g., janitors, waiters and waitresses, and nursing ‘ |

aides) is available.

In all private industry, benefits made up a larger
proportion of ‘compensation costs for blue-collar workers as a
whole (30.8 percent) than for white-collar workers (25.9 percent)
and service workers (23.1 percent). This relationship held when
occupational groups within the blue-collar and white-collar
categories were compared. (See table 5.)

Benefits also accounted for a larger proportion of total
compensation costs for blue-collar workers than for white-collar
workers within both goods- and service-producing industries. In
goods-producing industries, benefits made up 31.8 percent of
compensation costs for blue-collar workers, compared with 28.0
percent for white-collar workers. (See table 6.) The
corresponding proportions in service-producing industries were
29.1 percent and 25.3 percent. (See table 7.) -

Compensation costs averaged-more for union workers ($18.16)
in private industry than for nonunion workers ($12.90). In
addition, benefits made up a larger proportion of compensation
costs for union workers (33.7 percent) than for nonunion workers |
(25.5 percent). . (See table 3.) This pattern also was found when |
the comparison was limited to blue-collar workers in |
manufacturing. (See table 10.) Union and nonunion cost levels
reflect a variety of influences, including coverage by a a
collective bargaining agreement and variation in distribution of
union and nonunion workers among occupations and industries.

Compensation costs varied by region, ranging from $15.50 in
the Northeast to $12.23 in the South. The proportion of
compensation costs made up of benefits, however, was similar
among the four regions: 28.9 percent in the Midwest, 27.8 percent
in the Northeast, 26.8 percent in the West, and 25.9 percent in
the South. (See table 3.) . ‘



. . “b STGRY JO PUB Ye GEZOUZ00} COS FF1ON
“S5OT 40 10'0S S} pexiom unoy sed 3609 x

x 4o°h ss° 9s" $2" ee 20's 82°6 62°2b vets ‘ote ssoguzsnpuy Guyunzoegnuewuoy
x” £2°4 os ber ss° ol sos Los gyre sree eeeeees **S4OxMOM MOT TOO-ONTE
»o" Ob 09° ond go ost) 26"b eovns a9'ot teeeeeecceccecsssebugenpuy Guy ungoeznuey
x zo's rt a 9g" 22° oa" 86°2 Gh'6 £neze trreeeesege sepazenpuy Guponpoud-0o4 A105
zo" 6s°h ob° ge bbe 9074 22°o bo'by s2'ss vee "te**7T soyuzsnpuy Guy onpoud-spoop
x beh 2° gs" s<° es° L6°2 oe cheese vee Tereesess*S4ey4tOM JET TOo-enTg
x "fount 9° 9° 92° 6s" “62's 49°6 O62) [ttt Augenpuy ozengud ‘susrxs0m uogunuoU Try
go" bis so°L os) bb’ gore 06'S boreb os'st . aa OpazSNpu, Guyunzoesnuewuoy
bbe els oo “oy £6" 9s 4 Soo cbr 4e° ab . Teeeree es *SteysoMm UeTTOo-onTg
bie bay 99° Lob 46° ert so°9 ob be l6'dt ue toeeeeesesegugsnpuy Buyunzoesnuey
zo° ass an 22"4 6s" ool ises oo bb fo°dt rrressers 7% Sepuzenpuy Guponposd-o094as0g .
aye S6"h 96° 6o"t 62° 62°) 68°9 cara) be" 6) _ "tee e/T seyazenpuy Guyonpod-spoog
80° £6°h 6° 6S"h ‘6L° beh a9 beer bose wreeeeeees 1 'S4oxUOM eT Too~enTg
90° 0 2k°5$ £2°0$ $4 Nhs 7 99 08 S pen ZE'9s bO'2¢. Diets frre “Aaysnpuy Yeapsd ‘ssexJ0M UOJUN TTY
ee ouea | Kriecey| pue yepUoW Pied pue sebey wubdues » YopZedno00
0430 Bu0 suey ~etddng yezyo, pue ‘Auysnpuy .
cee fsnzezs Uopup

Beg) 42sen tAspSNpuy OZeAZUd SU0YZedND50 pue Auysnpuy
Aq snyeys Youn Aq {Uo ,ZesuEduod Tez07 yo YUSdWEed e ge

NOTIVdNIIO GNVY ‘AULSNGNI ‘SALVIS NOINN Ad Viva AYVHWNS


16

The cost levels are calculated with current employment weights each year. In
contrast, the ECI, which measures the change in employer costs for employee com-
pensation, is calculated with fixed employment counts from the 1980 Census to pre-
vent employment shifts among occupations and industries from influencing the
changes. Therefore, year-to-year changes in the cost levels will differ from
those in the ECI.

The March 1988 compensation cost levels were calculated with the March 1988
private industry employment counts, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current
Employment Statistics program benchmarked to the 1987 universe of all private
nonfarm establishments. The employment counts used were total private industry
employment estimates for 2-digit major industry groups {such as primary metal
manufacturing or food stores) as defined by the SIC system. The employment data
from these 2-digit groups were distributed to major occupational groups (such as
executives, administrators, and managers or machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors), using the relative importance of the groups as estimated by the ECI
sample.

More information on the cost levels, including how the costs are calculated,
appears in the article "Analyzing employers’ costs. for wages, salaries, and bene-
fits" in the October 1987 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. The published cost
levels for March .1987 also appear in that article.

A bulletin from the ECI program will be issued later this year. The bulletin
will provide the March 1988 cost levels as well as complete historical ECI data
and measures: of the precision of the two series. It also will include an
explanation of survey methods and a detailed discussion of the published
information. .

The Relative Standard Errors

Because the data are based on a sample survey, the compensation cost esti-
mates probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from ail units cov-
ered by the survey. To determine the precision of each cost level estimate, a
standard error was calculated.

The standard error defines a range (confidence interval) around the cost es-
timate. The approximate-95-percent confidence interval is the estimate pilus or
minus twice the standard error. The standard error can also be expressed as a
percent of the cost estimate, or the relative standard error. For example, the
95-percent confidence interval for a cost estimate of $10 with a relative standard
error of 1.0 percent would be $10.00 plus or minus 2.0 percent (2 times 1.0 per-
cent) or $9.80 to $10.20. We can be 95 percent confident that the "true" cost
falls within the confidence interval. a

The relative standard error is shown with the cost estimates for some series
jin the appendix. Relative standard errors for allt published estimates are
available upon request. They also will appear in the ECI annual bulletin to be
published later this year. A fuller explanation of the relative standard errors
is provided in the article “Analyzing employers' costs for wages, salaries, and
benefits" in the October 1987 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.