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Department 

of Labor 

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 

FOR DATA ONLY: (202) 691-5200 USDL 08-0685 

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http://www.bls.gov/ppi MAY 20, 2008 

Producer Price Indexes – April 2008 

The Producer Price Index for Finished Goods increased 0.2 percent in April, seasonally adjusted, the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. This rise followed a 1.1-percent 

advance in March and a 0.3-percent increase in February. At the earlier stages of processing, prices received by 

producers of intermediate goods rose 0.9 percent following a 2.3-percent gain a month earlier, and the crude 

goods index advanced 3.2 percent after climbing 8.0 percent in March. (See table A.) 

Table A. Monthly and annual percent changes in selected stage-of-processing price 

indexes, seasonally adjusted

Finished goods 

Month Total Foods Energy 

Except 

foods and

energy 

Change in 

finished goods

from 12 months

ago (unadj.) 

Intermediate 

goods 

Crude 

goods 

2007 

Apr. 0.7 0.5 2.6 0.2 3.2 1.1 1.0 

May .6 -.7 2.9 .2 3.9 1.0 1.0 

June .1 -.2 -.3 .2 3.3 .4 .8 

July .5 -.1 2.2 .2 4.2 .7 .3 

Aug. -.8 0 -4.2 .1 2.3 -.9 -3.5 

Sept. .5 1.1 1.2 .1 4.4 0 .9 

Oct. .5 1.3 1.1 .1 6.1 .6 4.0 

Nov. 2.6 -.2 11.7 .3 7.3 2.9 6.8 

Dec. r -.5 r 1.3 r -3.5 r .1 r 6.2 r .2 r 1.8 

 

2008 

Jan. r 1.1 1.7 r 2.1 r .5 7.4 r 1.1 r 3.1 

Feb. .3 -.5 .8 .5 6.4 .8 3.7 

Mar. 1.1 1.2 2.9 .2 6.9 2.3 8.0 

Apr. .2 0 -.2 .4 6.5 .9 3.2 

r=revised. Some of the figures shown above and elsewhere in this release may differ from 

those previously reported because data for December 2007 have been revised to reflect the 

availability of late reports and corrections by respondents. 
-2- 

 In April, the index for finished goods other than foods and energy moved up 0.4 percent and was 

partially offset by prices for energy goods, which fell 0.2 percent. The index for finished consumer foods was 

unchanged from its March level. 

Before seasonal adjustment, the Producer Price Index for Finished Goods increased 0.7 percent in April 

to 176.7 (1982 = 100). From April 2007 to April 2008, finished goods prices rose 6.5 percent. Over the same 

period, the finished energy goods index advanced 17.5 percent, prices for finished goods less foods and energy 

increased 3.0 percent, and the index for finished consumer foods climbed 5.2 percent. For the 12 months ended 

April 2008, prices received by manufacturers of intermediate goods advanced 10.5 percent, and the crude goods 

index jumped 34.3 percent. 

Finished goods

The index for finished goods less foods and energy moved up 0.4 percent in April following a 0.2-

percent increase in the previous month. Prices for light motor trucks rose 1.3 percent after decreasing 0.3 

percent in March. The indexes for commercial furniture and passenger cars also turned up in April following 

declines in the preceding month. Prices for pharmaceutical preparations, alcoholic beverages, and household 

furniture rose more than they had in March. By contrast, partially offsetting the acceleration in the index for 

finished goods less foods and energy, prices for communication and related equipment declined 0.4 percent 

after rising by the same rate in the prior month. The index for book publishing also turned down in April, and 

prices for soaps and synthetic detergents increased less than in March. (See table 2.) 

Table B. Monthly and annual percent changes in selected price indexes for intermediate goods 

and crude goods, seasonally adjusted

Intermediate goods Crude goods 

Month Foods Energy 

Except 

foods and 

energy 

Change in 

intermediate

goods from 

12 months 

ago (unadj.) Foods Energy

Except 

foods and 

energy 

Change in 

crude goods 

from 12 

months ago

(unadj.) 

2007 

Apr. 0.9 1.9 0.8 3.7 1.3 0.8 1.1 11.6 

May 0 2.8 .5 3.8 .8 3.0 -1.8 11.3 

June 1.9 .7 .3 3.6 -.1 2.2 -.3 15.5 

July .7 2.0 .4 4.2 1.1 -.5 .7 12.9 

Aug. .4 -2.9 -.4 2.4 -1.6 -6.4 .6 6.1 

Sept. 1.3 -.5 .1 4.1 2.7 -.8 2.2 11.3 

Oct. 1.2 1.3 .4 5.7 -.2 8.2 1.5 26.8 

Nov. 1.4 10.4 .8 7.9 2.9 12.3 -.9 20.9 

Dec. r 2.0 r .1 r .1 r 7.1 r 4.2 r .5 r .8 r 19.8 

 

2008 

Jan. r 3.5 r 1.8 .8 8.8 r 2.9 r 2.7 r 5.1 31.3 

Feb. 2.3 1.1 .6 8.8 .7 5.6 3.3 24.6 

Mar. 2.9 5.9 1.1 10.5 2.0 13.4 3.5 31.4 

Apr. -.6 .5 1.2 10.5 -.9 4.1 7.9 34.3 

r=revised. Some of the figures shown above and elsewhere in this release may differ from those 

previously reported because data for December 2007 have been revised to reflect the availability of late 

reports and corrections by respondents. 
-3- 

The finished energy goods index fell 0.2 percent in April subsequent to a 2.9-percent rise a month 

earlier. Gasoline prices decreased 4.6 percent following a 1.3-percent gain in March. (Prior to seasonal 

adjustment, gasoline prices increased 3.2 percent in April.) The diesel fuel index also turned down in April 

after rising in the preceding month. The indexes for home heating oil, liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene, and 

asphalt advanced less than they had in March. Conversely, residential natural gas prices climbed 5.4 percent in 

April after increasing 4.2 percent in the prior month. The indexes for residential electric power and for 

lubricating and similar oils also rose more than they had in March. 

The index for finished consumer foods was unchanged in April following a 1.2-percent rise in the prior 

month. Prices for fresh and dry vegetables dropped 4.1 percent after jumping 15.4 percent in March. The 

indexes for beef and veal and for roasted coffee also turned down in April. Prices for eggs for fresh use 

decreased more than they had in March. By contrast, the dairy products index rose 0.4 percent in April 

following a 1.8-percent decline a month earlier. Prices for pork and soft drinks also turned up after declining a 

month earlier. The index for confectionery end products rose more than in March. 

 

Intermediate goods

 The Producer Price Index for Intermediate Materials, Supplies, and Components increased 0.9 percent in 

April after rising 2.3 percent in March. Leading this deceleration, prices for intermediate energy goods and for 

materials for durable manufacturing advanced less in April than in the prior month. Prices for intermediate 

foods and feeds turned down after increasing in March. By contrast, partially offsetting the overall deceleration 

in the intermediate goods index, prices for materials for nondurable manufacturing and for materials and 

components for construction increased at faster rates than they had in March. The index for intermediate goods 

other than foods and energy climbed 1.2 percent in April following a 1.1-percent jump in the preceding month. 

(See table B.) 

 The index for intermediate energy goods advanced 0.5 percent in April following a 5.9-percent jump in 

March. Jet fuel prices rose 6.8 percent in April compared with a 10.2-percent surge a month earlier. The 

indexes for home heating oil, industrial electric power, natural gas to electric utilities, and industrial natural gas 

also increased less than in March. Prices for diesel fuel, gasoline, and residual fuel turned down in April. By 

contrast, the index for finished lubricants rose 2.9 percent after advancing 1.3 percent in March. (See table 2.) 

 The index for materials for durable manufacturing moved up 1.9 percent in April following a 3.8-

percent increase in March. Prices for copper and brass mill shapes rose 0.4 percent in April after advancing 6.9 

percent in the preceding month. The indexes for cold rolled steel sheet and strip and for secondary aluminum 

also climbed less than in March. Prices for primary nonferrous metals and for nonferrous wire and cable turned 

down in April. The index for cement fell more than it had in March. Conversely, prices for hot rolled steel 

bars, plates, and structural shapes increased 6.2 percent in April compared with a 2.5-percent gain a month 

earlier. The index for hot rolled steel sheet and strip also advanced at a faster rate than in March. Prices for 

prepared paint and thermoplastic resins turned up in April. 

 The index for intermediate foods and feeds declined 0.6 percent in April following a 2.9-percent rise in 

March. Leading this reversal, prices for prepared animal feeds fell 0.9 percent after increasing 4.9 percent in 

March. The indexes for flour; beef and veal; natural, processed, and imitation cheese; and confectionery 

materials also turned down in April. Prices for shortening and cooking oils advanced less than they had in 

March. By contrast, the index for fluid milk products moved up 2.9 percent in April following a 5.4-percent 

drop in the previous month. Prices for pork and for dry, condensed, and evaporated milk products also rose 

after falling in March. The index for malt and malt byproducts climbed more in April than in the preceding 

month. 
-4- 

 The index for materials for nondurable manufacturing increased 1.7 percent in April compared with a 

1.5-percent advance in March. Prices for basic inorganic chemicals surged 13.7 percent in April after rising 1.7 

percent a month earlier. The indexes for primary basic organic chemicals and ethanol also climbed more than 

they had in March. Prices for plastic resins and materials, nitrogenates, and woodpulp turned up in April. By 

contrast, the index for intermediate basic organic chemicals moved up 2.1 percent following a 12.3-percent 

jump in March. Prices for inedible fats and oils, paper, and paint materials also rose less in April than in the 

previous month. 

 The index for materials and components for construction advanced 1.0 percent in April after rising 0.8 

percent in March. Prices for fabricated structural metal products jumped 3.1 percent in April following a 1.0-

percent increase in the preceding month. The indexes for concrete products and for paving mixtures and blocks 

also moved up more than they had in March. Prices for plumbing fixtures and brass fittings and for softwood 

lumber turned up in April. The index for plastic construction products fell less than in March. By contrast, 

prices for nonferrous wire and cable decreased 3.1 percent in April after surging 7.9 percent a month earlier. 

The index for prefabricated wood buildings and components also turned down in April. Prices for asphalt felts 

and coatings and for fabricated ferrous wire products rose less than they had in March. 

Crude goods

 The Producer Price Index for Crude Materials for Further Processing advanced 3.2 percent in April 

following an 8.0-percent increase in March. The index for crude energy materials rose at a slower rate 

compared with a month earlier. Prices for crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs turned down in April. By contrast, 

partially offsetting the deceleration in crude materials prices, the index for crude nonfood materials less energy 

moved up more than it had in March. (See table B.) 

 The index for crude energy materials advanced 4.1 percent in April subsequent to a 13.4-percent gain in 

the preceding month. Leading this deceleration, the index for crude petroleum increased 4.5 percent compared 

with a 17.5-percent surge in March. Similarly, natural gas prices rose 4.3 percent following an 11.4-percent 

increase a month earlier. By contrast, the coal index edged up 0.3 percent in April after falling 0.9 percent in 

the previous month. (See table 2.) 

 The index for crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs decreased 0.9 percent in April following a 2.0-percent rise 

a month earlier. Wheat prices declined 23.1 percent after moving up 0.6 percent in March. The indexes for 

fresh vegetables (excluding potatoes) and soybeans also turned down in April. Prices for corn and slaughter 

turkeys rose less than they had in March. By contrast, the slaughter hogs index advanced 10.5 percent 

compared with a 1.8-percent decline in the preceding month. Prices for Irish potatoes for processing also turned 

up in April. The index for fluid milk declined less than it had in March, and prices for slaughter cattle were 

unchanged after decreasing a month earlier. 

 The index for crude nonfood materials less energy advanced 7.9 percent in April subsequent to a 3.5-

percent rise a month earlier. Leading this acceleration, prices for iron and steel scrap surged 32.2 percent 

compared with a 1.4-percent increase in March. The index for logs, bolts, timber, and pulpwood also moved up 

more than in the previous month. Prices for iron ore increased following no change in March, while the hides 

and skins index turned up in April. Conversely, the nonferrous metal ores index declined 1.8 percent compared 

with a 6.9-percent gain a month earlier. Prices for wastepaper; construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone; 

and raw cotton also turned down in April. The index for nonferrous scrap advanced less than it had in March. 

 
-5- 

Net output price indexes

Mining, Utilities, and Manufacturing Industries. The rise in the Producer Price Index for the Net Output of Total 

Mining, Utilities, and Manufacturing Industries slowed to 1.2 percent in April from 2.3 percent in March. (Net 

output price indexes are not seasonally adjusted.) Prices received by the petroleum and coal products industry group 

increased 3.3 percent after jumping 13.2 percent in the prior month. The indexes for the food manufacturing and the 

oil and gas extraction industry groups also rose less than they had in March. Prices received by the electrical 

equipment and appliance industry group turned down in April after increasing a month earlier. By contrast, partially 

offsetting the deceleration in the index for total mining, utilities, and manufacturing industries, the index for the 

electric power generation, distribution, and transmission industry group rose 2.7 percent in April after advancing 0.5 

percent in the previous month. Prices received by the chemical manufacturing industry group also increased more 

than in March. The index for the transportation equipment industry group turned up after falling in the prior month. 

Prices received by the industry groups for furniture and related products manufacturing and for printing and related 

support activities advanced after no change in March. In April, the Producer Price Index for the Net Output of Total 

Mining, Utilities, and Manufacturing Industries was 111.6 (December 2006 = 100), 8.2 percent above its year-ago 

level. 

Trade Industries. The increase in the Producer Price Index for the Net Output of Total Trade Industries accelerated 

to 1.2 percent from 0.3 percent in March. (Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and 

retailers.) Margins received by wholesalers of nondurable goods turned up 1.4 percent in April after falling 2.1 

percent in the previous month. The margin index for grocery stores also advanced after decreasing in March. 

Margins received by electronics and appliance stores, gasoline stations, department stores, and clothing stores rose 

more than a month earlier. By contrast, the margin index for wholesalers of durable goods turned down 1.4 percent 

in April after advancing 1.9 percent in the prior month. Margins received by furniture stores also decreased after 

rising in March. In April, the Producer Price Index for the Net Output of Total Trade Industries was 106.7 

(December 2006 = 100), 3.5 percent above its year-ago level. 

Transportation and Warehousing Industries. The rise in the Producer Price Index for the Net Output of Total 

Transportation and Warehousing Industries accelerated to 1.2 percent from 1.0 percent in March. Prices received by 

the specialized freight trucking industry group rose 4.3 percent following a 0.3-percent increase in the previous 

month. The industry indexes for long distance general freight trucking (truckload) and pipeline transportation of 

crude oil also advanced more than in March. Prices received by the industries for scheduled freight air transportation 

and freight transportation arrangement turned up in April after declining in the preceding month. By contrast, the 

increase in the industry index for scheduled passenger air transportation slowed to 0.9 percent from 3.3 percent in 

March. Prices received by couriers and long distance general freight truckers (less than truckload) also rose less than 

a month earlier. In April, the Producer Price Index for the Net Output for Total Transportation and Warehousing 

Industries was 110.5 (December 2006 = 100), 7.5 percent above its year-ago level. 

Traditional Service Industries. The Producer Price Index for the Net Output of Total Traditional Service 

Industries turned up 0.7 percent in April after falling 0.6 percent in March. The index for the depository credit 

intermediation industry group advanced 4.4 percent following a 7.3-percent decrease a month earlier. Prices 

received by offices of physicians (excluding mental health) also turned up in April, and the index for cellular and 

other wireless carriers advanced more than in March. Conversely, the increase in the index for general and medical 

surgical hospitals slowed to 0.1 percent in April from 0.5 percent in the previous month. Prices received by direct 

health and medical insurance carriers, investment bankers and securities dealers, and software publishers also rose 

less than in March. The index for passenger car rental turned down after advancing in the prior month. In April, the 

Producer Price Index for the Net Output of Total Traditional Service Industries was 102.0 (December 2006 = 100), 

0.9 percent above its year-ago level. 

***** 

Producer Price Index data for May 2008 are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, June 17, 2008 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
Technical Note 

Brief Explanation of Producer Prices Indexes 

The Producer Price Index (PPI) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a family of indexes that measure the average 

change over time in the prices received by domestic producers of goods and services. PPIs measure price change from the perspective 

of the seller. This contrasts with other measures, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). CPIs measure price change from the

purchaser’s perspective. Sellers’ and purchasers’ prices can differ due to government subsidies, sales and excise taxes, and 

distribution costs. 

 More than 8,000 PPIs for individual products and groups of products are released each month. PPIs are available for the 

products of virtually every industry in the mining and manufacturing sectors of the U.S. economy. New PPIs are gradually being

introduced for the products of industries in the construction, trade, finance, and services sectors of the economy. 

More than 100,000 price quotations per month are organized into three sets of PPIs: (1) Stage-of-processing indexes, (2) 

commodity indexes, and (3) indexes for the net output of industries and their products. The stage-of-processing structure organizes 

products by class of buyer and degree of fabrication. The commodity structure organizes products by similarity of end use or material 

composition. The entire output of various industries is sampled to derive price indexes for the net output of industries and their 

products. 

Stage-of-Processing Indexes 

Within the stage-of-processing system, finished goods are commodities that will not undergo further processing and are ready 

for sale to the final-demand user, either an individual consumer or business firm. Consumer foods include unprocessed foods such as 

eggs and fresh vegetables, as well as processed foods such as bakery products and meats. Other finished consumer goods include

durable goods such as automobiles, household furniture, and appliances, as well as nondurable goods such as apparel and home 

heating oil. Capital equipment includes durable goods such as heavy motor trucks, tractors, and machine tools. 

 The stage-of-processing category for intermediate materials, supplies, and components consists partly of commodities that 

have been processed but require further processing. Examples of such semifinished goods include flour, cotton yarn, steel mill

products, and lumber. The intermediate goods category also encompasses nondurable, physically complete items purchased by 

business firms as inputs for their operations. Examples include diesel fuel, belts and belting, paper boxes, and fertilizers. 

Crude materials for further processing are products entering the market for the first time that have not been manufactured or 

fabricated and that are not sold directly to consumers. Crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs include items such as grains and livestock. 

Examples of crude nonfood materials include raw cotton, crude petroleum, coal, hides and skins, and iron and steel scrap. 

Commodity Indexes 

The commodity classification structure of the PPI organizes products by similarity of end use or material composition, 

disregarding industry of origin. Fifteen major commodity groupings (two-digit commodity codes) make up the All Commodities 

Index. Each major commodity grouping includes (in descending order of aggregation) subgroups (three-digit codes), product classes 

(four-digit codes), subproduct classes (six-digit codes), and individual items (eight-digit codes). Nearly all eight-digit commodities 

under the traditional commodity coding system are now derived from corresponding industry-classified product indexes. In such 

instances, movements in the traditional commodity price indexes and corresponding percent changes will be virtually identical to their 

industry-based counterparts, even if their index levels differ. 

Industry Net-Output Price Indexes 

PPIs for the net output of industries and their products are grouped according to the North American Industry Classification 

System (NAICS). Prior to the release of January 2004, industry-based PPIs were published according to the Standard Industrial 

Classification (SIC) system. Industry price indexes are compatible with other economic time series organized by industry, such as 

data on employment, wages, and productivity. Table 5 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data for NAICS industries and industry 

groups (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-digit codes); Census product classes (7- and 8-digit codes), products (9-digit codes), and more detailed 

subproducts (11-digit codes); and, for some industries, indexes for other sources of revenue. 

 Indexes may represent one of three kinds of product categories. Every industry has primary product indexes to show changes 

in prices received by establishments classified in the industry for products made primarily, but not necessarily exclusively, by that 

industry. The industry classification of an establishment is determined by which products make up a plurality of its total shipment 

value. In addition, most industries have secondary product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments classified 

in the industry for products chiefly made in some other industry. Finally, some industries have miscellaneous receipts indexes to show 

price changes in other sources of revenue received by establishments within the industry that are not derived from sales of their 

products—for example, resales of purchased materials, or revenues from parking lots owned by a manufacturing plant. 
Data Collection 

PPIs are based on selling prices reported by establishments of all sizes selected by probability sampling, with the probability

of selection proportionate to size. Individual items and transaction terms from these firms also are chosen by probability proportionate 

to size. BLS strongly encourages cooperating companies to supply actual transaction prices at the time of shipment to minimize the 

use of list prices. Prices submitted by survey respondents are effective on the Tuesday of the week containing the 13th day of the 

month. This survey is conducted primarily through the mail. 

 Price data are provided on a voluntary and confidential basis; only sworn BLS employees are allowed access to individual 

company price reports. BLS publishes price indexes instead of actual prices. All PPIs are subject to revision 4 months after original 

publication to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents. 

 BLS periodically updates the PPI sample of survey respondents to better reflect current conditions when the structure, 

membership, technology, or product mix of an industry shifts significantly and to spread reporting burden among smaller firms. 

Results of these resampling efforts are incorporated into the PPI with the release of data for January and July. 

 As part of an ongoing effort to expand coverage to sectors of the economy other than mining and manufacturing, an 

increasing number of service sector industries have been introduced into the PPI. The following list of recently introduced industries 

includes the month and year in which an article describing the industry’s content appeared in the PPI Detailed Report. 

Title Code PPI Detailed 

Report Issue 

SIC 

Wireless telecommunications 4812 July 1999

Telephone communications, except radio telephone 4813 July 1995

Television broadcasting 4833 July 2002

Grocery stores 5411 July 2000

Meat and fish (seafood) markets 5421 July 2000

Fruit and vegetable markets 5431 July 2000

Candy, nut, and confectionery stores 5441 July 2000

Retail bakeries 5461 July 2000

Miscellaneous food stores 5499 July 2000

New car dealers 5511 July 2000

Gasoline service stations 5541 January 2002

Boat dealers 5551 January 2002

Recreational vehicle dealers 5561 January 2002

Miscellaneous retail 59 January 2001

Security brokers, dealers, and investment bankers 6211 January 2001

Investment advice 6282 January 2003

Life insurance carriers 6311 January 1999

Property and casualty insurance 6331 July 1998

Insurance agencies and brokerages 6412 January 2003

Operators and lessors of nonresidential buildings 6512 January 1996

Real estate agents and managers 6531 January 1996

Prepackaged software 7372 January 1998

Data processing services 7374 January 2002

Home health care services 8082 January 1997

Legal services 8111 January 1997

Engineering design, analysis, and consulting services 8711 January 1997

Architectural design, analysis, and consulting services 8712 January 1997

Premiums for property and casualty insurance 9331 July 1998

 

NAICS 

New industrial building construction 236211 January 2008

New warehouse building construction 236221 July 2005

New school construction 236222 July 2006

New office construction 236223 January 2007

Merchant wholesalers, durable goods 423 July 2005

Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods 424 July 2005

Wholesale trade agents and brokers 425120 July 2005
Title Code PPI Detailed 

Report Issue 

NAICS

Furniture and home furnishings stores 442 January 2004

Electronics and appliance stores 443 January 2004

Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 444 January 2004

Clothing and clothing accessories stores 448 January 2004

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores 451 January 2004

General merchandise stores 452 January 2004

Miscellaneous store retailers 453 January 2004

Internet service providers 518111 July 2005

Web search portals 518112 July 2005

Commercial banking 522110 January 2005

Savings institutions 522120 January 2005

Direct health and medical insurance carriers 524114 July 2004

Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental 

and leasing 532412 January 2005

Management consulting services 541610 January 2007

Security guards and patrol services 561612 July 2005

Computer training 611420 July 2007

Blood and organ banks 621991 January 2007

Amusement and theme parks 713110 July 2006

Golf courses and country clubs 713910 July 2006

Fitness and recreational sports centers 713940 July 2005

Commercial machinery repair and maintenance 811310 July 2007

Weights

Weights for most traditional commodity groupings of the PPI, as well as weights for commodity-based aggregate indexes 

calculated using traditional commodity groupings, such as stage-of-processing indexes, currently reflect 2002 values of shipments as 

reported in the Census of Manufactures and other sources. From January 2002 through December 2006, PPI weights were derived 

from 1997 shipment values. Industry indexes now are calculated with 2002 weights and 1997 net output ratios. This periodic update 

of the value weights used to calculate the PPI is done to more accurately reflect changes in production and marketing patterns in the 

economy. Net output values of shipments are used as weights for industry indexes. Net output values refer to the value of shipments 

from establishments within the industry to buyers outside the industry. However, weights for commodity price indexes are based on 

gross shipment values, including values of shipments between establishments within the same industry. As a result, broad commodity 

grouping indexes, such as the PPI for All Commodities, are affected by the multiple counting of price change at successive stages of 

processing, which can lead to exaggerated or misleading signals about inflation. Stage-of-processing indexes partially correct for this 

defect, but industry indexes consistently correct for this at all levels of aggregation. Therefore, industry and stage-of-processing 

indexes are more appropriate than broad commodity groupings for economic analysis of general price trends. 

Price Index Reference Base 

Effective with publication of January 1988 data, many important PPI series (including stage-of-processing groupings and 

most commodity groups and individual items) were placed on a new reference base, 1982 = 100. From 1971 through 1987, the 

standard reference base for most PPI series was 1967 = 100. Except for rounding differences, the shift to the new reference base did 

not alter any previously published percent changes for affected PPI series. (See “Calculating Index Changes,” below.) The 1982 

reference base is not used for commodity indexes with a base later than December 1981 or for industry net output indexes and their 

products. 

 For further information on the underlying concepts and methodology of the Producer Price Index, see chapter 14, “Producer 

Prices,” in BLS Handbook of Methods (April 1997), Bulletin 2490. This document can be downloaded from the BLS Web site at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch14_itc.htm. Reprints are available on request. 

Calculating Index Changes 

Each PPI measures price changes from a reference period that equals 100.0. An increase of 5.5 percent from the reference 

period in the Finished Goods Price Index, for example, is shown as 105.5. This change also can be expressed in dollars, as follows: 

prices received by domestic producers of a sample of finished goods have risen from $100 in 1982 to $105.50. Likewise, a current 

index of 90.0 would indicate that prices received by producers of finished goods are 10 percent lower than they were in 1982. 
 Movements of price indexes from one month to another are usually expressed as percent changes, rather than as changes in 

index points. Index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to its base period, whereas percent changes are not. 

The following example shows the computation of index point and percent changes. 

Index point change

 Finished Goods Price Index 107.5 

 Less previous index 104.0 

 Equals index point change 3.5 

Index percent change

 Index point change 3.5 

 Divided by the previous index 104.0 

 Equals 0.034 

 Result multiplied by 100 0.034 x 100 

 Equals percent change 3.4 

Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data 

Because price data are used for different purposes by different groups, BLS publishes seasonally adjusted and unadjusted 

changes each month. Seasonally adjusted data are preferred for analyzing general price trends in the economy because these data 

eliminate the effect of changes that normally occur at about the same time, and in about the same magnitude, every year—such as

price movements resulting from normal weather patterns, regular production and marketing cycles, model changeovers, seasonal 

discounts, and holidays. For these reasons, seasonally adjusted data more clearly reveal underlying cyclical trends. Unadjusted data 

are of primary interest to users who need information that can be related to actual dollar values of transactions. Individuals requiring 

this information include marketing specialists, purchasing agents, budget and cost analysts, contract specialists, and commodity 

traders. It is the unadjusted data that are generally cited when escalating long-term contracts such as purchasing agreements or real 

estate leases. For more information, see Escalation and Producer Price Indexes: A Guide for Contracting Parties, BLS Report 807, 

September 1991, on the Web at www.bls.gov/ppi/ppiescalation.htm. Reprints are available on request. 

In 1998, the PPI implemented the X-12-ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method; prior to that year, the PPI employed the X-11 

method. Each year, the seasonal status of most commodity indexes is reevaluated to reflect more recent price behavior. Industry net 

output indexes are not seasonally adjusted. For time series that exhibit seasonal pricing patterns, new seasonal factors are estimated 

and applied to the unadjusted data for the previous 5 years. These updated seasonally adjusted indexes replace the most recent 5 years 

of seasonal data. 

 Seasonal factors may be applied to series using either a direct or an aggregative method. Generally, commodity indexes are 

seasonally adjusted using direct seasonal adjustment, which produces a more complete elimination of seasonal movements than does 

the aggregative method. However, the direct seasonal adjustment process may not yield figures that possess additive consistency. 

Thus, a seasonally adjusted index for a broad category that is directly adjusted may not be logically consistent with all seasonally 

adjusted indexes for its components. Seasonal movements for stage-of-processing indexes are derived indirectly through an 

aggregative method that combines movements of a wide variety of subproduct class (six-digit) series. 

Seasonally adjusted indexes can become problematic when previously stable and predictable price patterns abruptly change. 

If the new pattern persists, the seasonal adjustment method will eventually reflect it adequately; if the pattern keeps shifting, however, 

seasonally adjusted data will become chronically troublesome. This problem occurs relatively infrequently for farm and food-related 

products, but has more often affected manufactured products such as automobiles and steel. 

Since January 1988, the PPI has used Intervention Analysis Seasonal Adjustment methods to enhance the calculation of 

seasonal factors. With this technique, outlier values that may distort the seasonal pattern are removed from the data prior to applying 

the standard seasonal factor estimation procedure. For example, a possible economic cause for large price movements for petroleumbased products might have been the Persian Gulf War. In this case, intervention techniques allowed for better estimates of seasonally 

adjusted data. On the whole, very few series have required intervention. Out of nearly 900 seasonally adjusted series, only 16 were 

subject to intervention in 1997. 

For more information relating to seasonal adjustment methods, see (1) “Appendix A: Seasonal Adjustment Methodology at 

BLS,” in the BLS Handbook of Methods (April 1997), Bulletin 2490 and (2) “Summary of Changes to the PPI’s Seasonal Adjustment 

Methodology” in the January 1995 issue of Producer Price Indexes. 

Producer Price Index Data on the Internet 

In 1995, the BLS began posting PPI series, news releases, and technical information to both a World Wide Web (WWW) site 

and a file transfer protocol (FTP) site. During the years following the introduction of PPI Internet services, use of these sites eclipsed 

more traditional methods of data dissemination, such as subscriptions to the PPI Detailed Report. There were more than 1.6 million 

instances of PPI series being downloaded from the Internet during the 12 months ended December 31, 2003. 
Retrieving PPI data from the PPI Web site 

PPI data can be obtained from the WWW address (www.bls.gov/ppi). Scrolling down the page to the “Get Detailed PPI 

Statistics” header reveals the following methods of data retrieval: 

• Most Requested Series is a form-based application that allows the user to quickly obtain PPI time series data by selecting 

from two separate lists (commodity and industry) of the most commonly requested time series, including the All Commodities Index 

and the stage-of-processing indexes (for example, Finished Goods). Within each list, any one—or all—of the time series shown can 

be selected. A user can modify the date range and output options after executing the query, using the reformat button above the data 

output table. 

• Create Customized Tables is a form-based query application designed for users unfamiliar with the PPI coding structure. 

The application guides a user through the PPI classification system by listing index titles and does not require knowledge of 

commodity or industry codes. Data retrieved are based on a query formulated by selecting data characteristics from lists provided. 

Two options are available to create customized tables, depending on a user’s browser capability. The one-screen option is a 

JavaScript application that uses a single screen to guide a user through the available time series data. The second option is a multiplescreen, non-Java-based application. Both methods allow a user to browse the PPI coding structure and select multiple series codes. 

Using the one-screen option, users can modify the date range and output options after executing the query using the reformat button 

above the data output table. 

• Series Report is a form-based application that uses formatted PPI time series identifiers (commodity or industry codes) as 

input in extracting data according to a specified set of date ranges and output options. This application provides the most efficient 

path for users who are familiar with the format of PPI time series identifiers. Up to 300 indexes can be extracted at a time. 

 There are five alphabetic prefixes used to create unique PPI time series identifiers: WP, WD, PC, PD, and ND. Each 

provides the user access to a different PPI database. Adding either a “u” (not seasonally adjusted) or an “s” (seasonally adjusted) to 

the end of these prefixes further specifies the type of data needed. 

 For commodity and stage-of-processing indexes, series identifiers combine a “wpu” prefix (not seasonally adjusted) or a 

“wps” prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code. 

Commodity code Provides data for:

wps141101 Passenger cars, seasonally adjusted 

wpu141101 Passenger cars, not seasonally adjusted 

wpusop3000 Finished goods, not seasonally adjusted 

 For discontinued commodity indexes, series identifiers combine a “wdu” prefix (not seasonally adjusted) or a “wds” prefix 

(seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code. 

Commodity code Provides data for:

wds019 Other farm products, seasonally adjusted 

wdu0635 Preparations, ethical (prescription), not seasonally adjusted 

wdusi138011 Stainless steel mill products, not seasonally adjusted 

 Current price indexes grouped by industry according to NAICS have series identifiers that begin with the prefix “pcu.” After 

the prefix, there are 12 digits (the 6-digit industry code is listed twice) followed by up to 7 alphanumeric characters identifying 

product detail. Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-level industry group codes. 

Industry-product code, 

current NAICS series Provides data for:

pcu325---325--- Chemical manufacturing, not seasonally adjusted 

pcu336110336110 Automobile and light duty motor vehicle manufacturing 

pcu621111621111411 Offices of physicians, one- and two-physician practices and single-specialty group 

 practices, general/family practice 

pcu325412325412A Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing, pharmaceuticals acting on the respiratory 

 system 

 
 Discontinued industry-product codes based on SIC combine a “pdu” prefix and “#” between the fourth and fifth characters of 

the product code. Series identifiers for the discontinued dataset use underscores as placeholders to complete a reference to an SIC 

industry group code of fewer than four digits. (All PPI industry-based indexes organized by SIC were discontinued with the 

introduction of NAICS.) 

Industry-product code,

discontinued SIC series Provides data for:

pdu28_ _# Chemicals and allied products, not seasonally adjusted 

pdu331_# Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and finishing mills, not seasonally adjusted 

pdu3711#111 Passenger cars 

 Price indexes for discontinued series grouped by industry according to NAICS have identifiers that begin with the prefix 

“ndu.” After the prefix, there are 12 numeric digits (the 6-digit industry code is listed twice), and up to 7 additional alphanumeric 

characters that identify product detail. Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-level industry group codes. 

Industry-product code, 

discontinued NAICS series Provides data for:

ndu212231212231 Lead ore and zinc ore mining 

ndu2122312122312 Lead and zinc concentrates 

ndu212231212231214 Lead concentrates 

• Flat Files and the FTP server are best suited for users requiring access to either a large volume of time series data or other 

PPI-related documentation (such as seasonal factor and relative importance tables). The FTP site can be accessed at ftp://ftp.bls.gov

or directly from the links on the “Get Detailed Statistics” page or the PPI homepage. Data and documentation available for download 

include the following: 

 

 Directory: 

NAICS series, current /pub/time.series/pc 

 NAICS series, discontinued /pub/time.series/nd 

SIC series, discontinued /pub/time.series/pd 

Commodity series, current /pub/time.series/wp 

 Commodity series, discontinued /pub/time.series/wd

Special requests /pub/special.requests/ppi

Latest news release /pub/news.release/ppi.txt

The FTP site maintains files to help with searches and downloads. These files are centrally located in the /pub/doc directory. 

Within this directory, the overview.txt file contains an overview relating to all BLS data available through the FTP site. For current 

commodity-based PPI data, the program help file is wp.txt; for discontinued commodity series, wd.txt; for current industry-based PPI 

data based on NAICS, pc.txt; for industry-based SIC time series that have been discontinued, pd.txt; and for industry-based NAICS 

series that have been discontinued, nd.txt. 

Users who prefer downloading PPI datasets as individual ZIP files should go to the directory labeled 

/pub/time.series/compressed/tape.format/ on the FTP site. This directory includes six PPI-specific ZIP files, one for each of the PPI 

databases—WP, WD, PC, ND, and PD—and a ZIP file for the annual 5-year revision to historical seasonal PPIs. 

Other Sources of PPI Data 

PPI data can also be accessed via the BLS homepage (www.bls.gov). Clicking on the “Get Detailed Statistics” link at the top 

of the homepage calls up a chart listing all available BLS programs. The following methods are available for retrieving PPI data: 

Most requested statistics, create customized tables (one screen or multiple screens), and flat files. Additional sources of BLS data also 

are accessible from this page, including economic news releases, series report, and economy at a glance. 

 

Additional information 

The PPI homepage (www.bls.gov/ppi) contains additional information regarding PPI data and methodology. The top section 

of the homepage provides PPI news releases, both current and archived, as well as general PPI information. The “Tables Created by 

BLS” section found beneath the statistics section provides relative importance and seasonal factor tables. The remaining sections 

offer special notices and publications pertaining to PPI methodology and applications. 

For questions or comments regarding PPI data classification, methodology, or data availability on the Internet, call or e-mail 

the Section of Index Analysis and Public Information at (202) 691-7705 or ppi-info@bls.gov. 
Table 1. Producer price indexes and percent changes by stage of processing 

(1982=100) 

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 | | |Unadjusted | 

 | | | percent |Seasonally adjusted 

 | Relative | Unadjusted index |change to |percent change from: 

 Grouping |importance| |Apr. 2008 from:| 

 | |_______________________|_______________|__________________________ 

 | Dec. | | | | | | | | 

 | |Dec. |Mar. |Apr. | Apr. | Mar. |Jan. to|Feb. to |Mar. to 

 | 2007 1/|2007 2/|2008 2/|2008 2/| 2007 | 2008 | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. 

_________________________________________________|__________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_________|________ 

 | 

Finished goods...................................| 100.000 170.4 175.4 176.7 6.5 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.2 

 Finished consumer goods........................| 78.317 178.2 184.4 186.0 7.7 .9 .3 1.3 .1 

 Finished consumer foods......................| 21.252 172.2 175.9 175.4 5.2 -.3 -.5 1.2 0 

 Crude......................................| 2.239 198.7 191.7 180.4 -.9 -5.9 -9.4 8.9 -3.9 

 Processed..................................| 19.013 169.6 174.4 175.0 5.9 .3 .5 .5 .5 

 Finished consumer goods, excluding foods.....| 57.064 180.1 187.3 189.8 8.8 1.3 .7 1.3 .2 

 Nondurable goods less foods................| 42.941 197.9 207.9 211.4 11.0 1.7 .7 1.7 .1 

 Durable goods..............................| 14.124 139.5 140.4 140.7 2.2 .2 .5 .1 .5 

 Capital equipment..............................| 21.683 150.7 152.1 152.5 2.3 .3 .5 .1 .4 

 Manufacturing industries.....................| 5.506 153.5 155.6 156.5 2.8 .6 .4 .3 .6 

 Nonmanufacturing industries..................| 16.178 149.6 150.8 151.0 2.1 .1 .5 .1 .3 

 | 

Intermediate materials, supplies, and components.| 100.000 175.7 184.1 186.9 10.5 1.5 .8 2.3 .9 

 Materials and components for manufacturing.....| 41.976 166.3 172.5 174.5 8.7 1.2 .8 1.6 1.2 

 Materials for food manufacturing.............| 2.923 169.8 180.3 179.7 14.1 -.3 1.5 1.6 -.3 

 Materials for nondurable manufacturing.......| 15.236 195.1 204.3 207.7 16.9 1.7 .9 1.5 1.7 

 Materials for durable manufacturing..........| 8.634 188.1 199.6 203.5 5.5 2.0 1.6 3.8 1.9 

 Components for manufacturing.................| 15.184 136.8 138.1 138.8 2.1 .5 .3 .4 .4 

 Materials and components for construction......| 13.391 193.4 197.2 199.3 3.7 1.1 .7 .8 1.0 

 Processed fuels and lubricants.................| 22.234 186.3 205.7 212.3 23.7 3.2 .7 6.0 .8 

 Manufacturing industries ....................| 6.009 181.1 198.6 201.9 20.0 1.7 .4 5.9 -.1 

 Nonmanufacturing industries..................| 16.225 188.9 209.1 217.0 25.1 3.8 .9 6.0 1.1 

 Containers.....................................| 2.933 183.4 185.9 187.0 4.4 .6 .7 .1 .6 

 Supplies.......................................| 19.466 164.6 169.5 170.5 6.1 .6 .8 .9 .6 

 Manufacturing industries.....................| 3.918 165.0 167.6 168.4 3.9 .5 .5 .3 .5 

 Nonmanufacturing industries..................| 15.549 163.1 168.5 169.6 6.6 .7 1.0 1.0 .7 

 Feeds......................................| 1.085 153.5 180.3 177.8 31.3 -1.4 4.4 6.1 -1.4 

 Other supplies.............................| 14.464 165.3 169.1 170.5 5.1 .8 .7 .6 .8 

 | 

Crude materials for further processing...........| 100.000 229.0 265.6 274.3 34.3 3.3 3.7 8.0 3.2 

 Foodstuffs and feedstuffs......................| 32.604 158.5 168.0 166.5 15.9 -.9 .7 2.0 -.9 

 Nonfood materials..............................| 67.396 275.4 333.1 349.9 43.5 5.0 5.0 10.9 5.0 

 Nonfood materials except fuel 3/.............| 40.991 277.1 328.1 347.3 53.9 5.9 1.7 11.4 5.7 

 Manufacturing 3/...........................| 40.547 257.7 305.7 323.7 54.7 5.9 1.7 11.5 5.8 

 Construction...............................| 0.444 197.1 199.4 197.7 -4.1 -.9 .3 .4 -1.0 

 Crude fuel 4/................................| 26.405 250.7 312.9 325.1 30.9 3.9 10.4 10.2 3.8 

 Manufacturing industries...................| 2.350 237.8 295.9 307.2 30.3 3.8 10.2 10.0 3.8 

 Nonmanufacturing industries................| 24.055 256.4 320.2 332.7 31.0 3.9 10.4 10.2 3.8 

 | 

 Special groupings | 

 | 

Finished goods, excluding foods..................|5/ 78.748 169.6 174.9 176.7 6.9 1.0 .6 1.0 .2 

Intermediate materials less foods and feeds......|6/ 95.992 176.3 184.4 187.4 10.2 1.6 .7 2.3 1.0 

Intermediate foods and feeds.....................|6/ 4.008 164.6 179.8 178.6 18.3 -.7 2.3 2.9 -.6 

Crude materials less agricultural products 3/ 7/.|8/ 66.711 282.8 342.2 359.5 43.5 5.1 5.1 11.0 5.0 

 | 

Finished energy goods............................|5/ 21.748 163.8 177.5 182.6 17.5 2.9 .8 2.9 -.2 

Finished goods less energy.......................|5/ 78.252 165.5 167.9 168.1 3.6 .1 .3 .5 .3 

Finished consumer goods less energy..............|5/ 56.569 172.0 174.8 174.9 4.1 .1 .2 .6 .3 

 | 

Finished goods less foods and energy.............|5/ 57.000 163.5 165.4 165.9 3.0 .3 .5 .2 .4 

Finished consumer goods less foods and energy....|5/ 35.316 172.2 174.4 175.0 3.6 .3 .6 .3 .4 

Consumer nondurable goods less foods and energy..|5/ 21.193 200.0 203.5 204.2 4.5 .3 .7 .4 .3 

 | 

Intermediate energy goods........................|6/ 23.140 187.8 208.1 213.8 25.4 2.7 1.1 5.9 .5 

Intermediate materials less energy...............|6/ 76.860 170.4 175.5 177.4 6.4 1.1 .8 1.2 1.1 

Intermediate materials less foods and energy.....|6/ 72.852 170.9 175.3 177.5 5.8 1.3 .6 1.1 1.2 

 | 

Crude energy materials 3/........................|8/ 50.963 268.3 330.5 344.1 51.9 4.1 5.6 13.4 4.1 

Crude materials less energy......................|8/ 48.942 194.1 210.7 215.4 18.6 2.2 1.6 2.5 2.1 

Crude nonfood materials less energy 4/...........|8/ 16.433 291.7 332.2 359.4 24.6 8.2 3.3 3.5 7.9 

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 1/ Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed 5/ Percent of total finished goods. 

 after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated 6/ Percent of total intermediate materials. 

 after final December indexes are available. 7/ Formerly titled "Crude materials for 

 2/ The indexes for December 2007 have been recalculated to incorporate further processing, excluding crude 

 late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes foodstuffs and feedstuffs, plant and 

 are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. animal fibers, oilseeds, and leaf tobacco." 

 3/ Includes crude petroleum. 8/ Percent of total crude materials. 

 4/ Excludes crude petroleum. 
Table 2. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings by stage of processing 

(1982=100 unless otherwise indicated) 

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 | | |Unadjusted | 

 | | | percent |Seasonally adjusted 

 | | Unadjusted index |change to |percent change from: 

 Commodity | | |Apr. 2008 from:| 

 code | Grouping |_______________________|_______________|________________________ 

 | | | | | | | | | 

 | |Dec. |Mar. |Apr. | Apr. | Mar. |Jan. to|Feb. to|Mar. to 

 | |2007 1/|2008 1/|2008 1/| 2007 | 2008 | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. 

___________|_______________________________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________ 

 | | 

 |FINISHED GOODS.........................................| 170.4 175.4 176.7 6.5 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.2 

 | FINISHED CONSUMER GOODS...............................| 178.2 184.4 186.0 7.7 .9 .3 1.3 .1 

 | FINISHED CONSUMER FOODS..............................| 172.2 175.9 175.4 5.2 -.3 -.5 1.2 0 

 | | 

01-11 | Fresh fruits and melons 2/..........................| 142.6 127.3 126.2 1.9 -.9 -10.4 -.5 -.9 

01-13 | Fresh and dry vegetables 2/.........................| 191.7 184.5 176.9 -16.2 -4.1 -15.7 15.4 -4.1 

01-71-07 | Eggs for fresh use (Dec. 1991=100)..................| 193.2 193.8 148.8 39.6 -23.2 1.6 -.9 -12.3 

02-11 | Bakery products 2/..................................| 222.2 231.3 233.8 8.9 1.1 .9 .6 1.1 

02-13 | Milled rice 2/......................................| 167.2 205.6 241.4 57.4 17.4 7.9 8.7 17.4 

02-14-02 | Pasta products (June 1985=100) 2/...................| 147.3 175.6 177.0 31.3 .8 3.7 .2 .8 

02-21-01 | Beef and veal 2/....................................| 139.8 151.7 149.1 -4.6 -1.7 .6 4.0 -1.7 

02-21-04 | Pork................................................| 123.0 119.4 119.0 -10.9 -.3 -1.9 -4.7 1.1 

02-22-03 | Processed young chickens............................| 133.3 141.0 141.2 -.1 .1 -1.1 1.1 1.1 

02-22-06 | Processed turkeys...................................| 114.4 115.7 118.0 12.7 2.0 2.2 4.5 1.8 

02-23 | Finfish and shellfish...............................| 245.5 261.8 264.7 5.6 1.1 2.9 3.0 1.1 

02-3 | Dairy products 2/...................................| 188.8 181.2 181.9 12.1 .4 -1.5 -1.8 .4 

02-4 | Processed fruits and vegetables.....................| 159.8 162.8 163.9 5.1 .7 .1 .5 .9 

02-55 | Confectionery end products 2/.......................| 208.8 210.9 213.5 2.9 1.2 -.3 .2 1.2 

02-62 | Soft drinks 2/......................................| 168.6 171.6 172.2 3.7 .3 .5 -.8 .3 

02-63-01 | Roasted coffee 2/...................................| 168.5 185.2 178.7 10.3 -3.5 4.4 5.1 -3.5 

02-78 | Shortening and cooking oils 2/......................| 242.3 289.0 298.5 49.5 3.3 2.4 6.7 3.3 

 | | 

 | FINISHED CONSUMER GOODS EXCLUDING FOODS..............| 180.1 187.3 189.8 8.8 1.3 .7 1.3 .2 

 | | 

02-61 | Alcoholic beverages.................................| 161.8 164.9 166.4 4.5 .9 1.4 .3 1.0 

03-81-06 | Women's, girls', & infants' apparel (12/03=100) 2/..| 101.1 101.1 101.2 -.2 .1 .2 -.1 .1 

03-81-07 | Men's and boys' apparel (Dec. 2003=100) 2/..........| 98.8 99.1 99.1 .8 0 .1 .1 0 

03-82 | Textile housefurnishings 2/.........................| 126.0 126.4 126.3 1.4 -.1 .1 .1 -.1 

04-3 | Footwear 2/.........................................| 154.5 155.5 155.4 2.5 -.1 1.6 .1 -.1 

05-41 | Residential electric power (Dec. 1990=100)..........| 138.7 140.6 142.2 4.9 1.1 -.4 1.1 1.2 

05-51 | Residential gas (Dec. 1990=100).....................| 223.2 235.7 246.9 9.2 4.8 5.7 4.2 5.4 

05-71 | Gasoline............................................| 235.4 272.6 281.4 23.0 3.2 2.9 1.3 -4.6 

05-73-02-01| Home heating oil and distillates....................| 260.0 315.0 329.6 48.5 4.6 -3.7 13.1 2.2 

06-38 | Pharmaceutical preparations (June 2001=100) 2/......| 131.5 135.9 136.8 6.6 .7 1.3 .4 .7 

06-71 | Soaps and synthetic detergents 2/...................| 146.6 150.7 151.6 5.0 .6 .1 2.0 .6 

06-75 | Cosmetics and other toilet preparations 2/..........| 148.5 146.9 147.4 .1 .3 -.1 -.1 .3 

07-12 | Tires, tubes, tread, etc 2/.........................| 120.9 125.1 125.0 7.0 -.1 .7 1.8 -.1 

09-15-01 | Sanitary paper products 2/..........................| 163.3 167.0 167.7 4.5 .4 2.5 .1 .4 

09-31-01 | Newspaper circulation...............................| 247.4 247.2 247.2 1.5 0 -.5 .7 .2 

09-32-04 | Periodical circulation (June 2007=100) 2/...........| 100.0 101.5 102.0 (3) .5 .7 -.1 .5 

09-33 | Book publishing 2/..................................| 289.2 296.6 295.8 4.8 -.3 .7 .5 -.3 

12-1 | Household furniture 2/..............................| 175.5 177.0 178.6 2.7 .9 .2 .3 .9 

12-3 | Floor coverings 2/..................................| 158.0 159.2 159.2 2.8 0 .6 1.1 0 

12-4 | Household appliances 2/.............................| 105.4 105.9 106.3 .9 .4 .4 .1 .4 

12-5 | Home electronic equipment 2/........................| 56.7 56.8 56.7 -4.4 -.2 0 .2 -.2 

12-62 | Household glassware 2/..............................| 184.5 185.1 187.8 6.7 1.5 .8 .6 1.5 

12-64 | Household flatware 2/...............................| 187.1 (3) 207.4 10.1 (3) 9.4 (3) (3) 

12-66 | Lawn and garden equip., ex. tractors 2/.............| 139.4 140.0 139.6 2.3 -.3 2.3 .1 -.3 

14-11-01 | Passenger cars......................................| 127.2 127.7 127.8 2.1 .1 .8 -.2 .4 

15-11 | Toys, games, and children's vehicles 2/.............| 131.4 131.5 134.2 2.6 2.1 0 -.1 2.1 

15-12 | Sporting and athletic goods 2/......................| 130.4 132.1 130.5 .5 -1.2 1.1 .2 -1.2 

15-2 | Tobacco products 2/.................................| 499.5 500.1 500.5 2.7 .1 .1 0 .1 

15-5 | Mobile homes 2/.....................................| 212.4 213.3 214.3 1.9 .5 .2 0 .5 

15-94-02 | Jewelry, platinum, & karat gold 2/..................| 157.6 168.9 167.1 10.2 -1.1 .5 .9 -1.1 

15-94-04 | Costume jewelry and novelties 2/....................| 157.0 160.5 159.1 1.6 -.9 0 2.2 -.9 

 | | 

 | CAPITAL EQUIPMENT.....................................| 150.7 152.1 152.5 2.3 .3 .5 .1 .4 

 | | 

11-1 | Agricultural machinery and equipment 2/.............| 187.5 189.0 189.0 3.2 0 .1 -.1 0 

11-2 | Construction machinery and equipment................| 180.8 183.0 183.1 2.3 .1 .5 .3 .1 

11-37 | Metal cutting machine tools 2/......................| 167.2 167.8 169.3 2.5 .9 -.1 -.1 .9 

11-38 | Metal forming machine tools 2/......................| 184.6 187.7 191.3 3.4 1.9 1.7 0 1.9 

11-39 | Tools, dies, jigs, fixtures, and ind. molds 2/......| 144.1 144.2 144.9 .7 .5 0 0 .5 

11-41 | Pumps, compressors, and equipment 2/................| 197.8 203.0 203.4 4.5 .2 .9 .4 .2 

11-44 | Industrial material handling equipment 2/...........| 163.9 167.3 168.7 4.7 .8 1.0 .2 .8 

11-51 | Electronic computers (Dec. 2004=100) 2/.............| 45.6 42.4 42.2 -23.8 -.5 -1.1 -3.2 -.5 

11-62 | Textile machinery 2/................................| 162.8 163.5 164.0 1.5 .3 -.1 .2 .3 

11-64 | Paper industries machinery (June 1982=100) 2/.......| 186.6 186.0 186.2 2.1 .1 -1.2 .4 .1 

11-65 | Printing trades machinery 2/........................| 150.8 151.7 151.7 .9 0 -.3 .1 0 

11-74 | Transformers and power regulators 2/................| 200.1 213.1 213.6 10.6 .2 -.2 3.7 .2 

11-76 | Communication & related equip. (Dec. 1985=100) 2/...| 103.3 104.9 104.5 1.2 -.4 .8 .4 -.4 

11-79-05 | X-ray and electromedical equipment 2/...............| 91.9 91.5 91.4 -2.0 -.1 -.1 0 -.1 

11-91 | Oil field and gas field machinery ..................| 186.5 198.8 198.3 7.9 -.3 1.7 3.7 -.6 

11-92 | Mining machinery and equipment 2/...................| 193.2 198.2 200.4 5.6 1.1 .9 .4 1.1 

11-93 | Office and store machines and equipment 2/..........| 115.8 117.4 117.5 3.4 .1 .6 -.1 .1 

12-2 | Commercial furniture 2/.............................| 182.8 183.2 186.5 2.6 1.8 .1 -.7 1.8 

14-11-05 | Light motor trucks..................................| 147.5 146.9 147.4 1.6 .3 .8 -.3 1.3 

14-11-06 | Heavy motor trucks 2/...............................| 178.5 179.5 179.7 .7 .1 0 .1 .1 

14-14 | Truck trailers 2/...................................| 171.0 173.6 173.7 3.3 .1 .1 1.0 .1 

14-21-02 | Civilian aircraft (Dec. 1985=100)...................| 223.5 224.6 224.6 3.5 0 .6 .1 .1 

14-31 | Ships (Dec. 1985=100) 2/............................| 195.4 198.8 196.5 3.1 -1.2 1.8 -.1 -1.2 

14-4 | Railroad equipment 2/...............................| 177.5 176.1 176.7 1.4 .3 .2 -1.1 .3 

 | | 

 |INTERMEDIATE MATERIALS, SUPPLIES, AND COMPONENTS.......| 175.7 184.1 186.9 10.5 1.5 .8 2.3 .9 

 | | 

 | INTERMEDIATE FOODS AND FEEDS..........................| 164.6 179.8 178.6 18.3 -.7 2.3 2.9 -.6 

 | | 

02-12-03 | Flour 2/............................................| 235.1 303.6 271.6 73.1 -10.5 15.2 6.2 -10.5 

02-53 | Refined sugar and byproducts 2/.....................| 128.3 125.9 126.1 -7.1 .2 1.2 -.1 .2 

02-54 | Confectionery materials.............................| 153.8 173.7 169.7 11.4 -2.3 .4 .8 -1.9 

02-64-01-11| Soft drink beverage bases (Dec. 1985=100) 2/........| 197.7 207.4 211.5 7.4 2.0 .2 1.0 2.0 

02-9 | Prepared animal feeds 2/............................| 155.3 178.3 176.7 26.1 -.9 4.2 4.9 -.9 

 | | 

 | INTERMEDIATE MATERIALS LESS FOODS AND FEEDS...........| 176.3 184.4 187.4 10.2 1.6 .7 2.3 1.0 

 | | 

03-1 | Synthetic fibers 2/.................................| 115.2 114.2 114.8 .5 .5 .2 -.3 .5 

03-2 | Processed yarns and threads 2/......................| 118.8 121.7 123.6 6.8 1.6 .8 .1 1.6 

03-3 | Gray fabrics 2/.....................................| 121.2 122.1 122.2 2.2 .1 .2 -.5 .1 

03-4 | Finished fabrics 2/.................................| 129.2 130.1 130.4 2.0 .2 .4 -.7 .2 

03-83-03 | Industrial textile products 2/......................| 140.0 142.7 142.3 3.0 -.3 .5 .7 -.3 

04-2 | Leather 2/..........................................| 233.1 236.8 235.2 2.1 -.7 1.3 .3 -.7 

05-32 | Liquefied petroleum gas 2/..........................| 403.9 386.9 400.3 39.5 3.5 -9.7 4.2 3.5 

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 2. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings by stage of processing - Continued 

(1982=100 unless otherwise indicated) 

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 | | |Unadjusted | 

 | | | percent |Seasonally adjusted 

 | | Unadjusted index |change to |percent change from: 

 Commodity | | |Apr. 2008 from:| 

 code | Grouping |_______________________|_______________|________________________ 

 | | | | | | | | | 

 | |Dec. |Mar. |Apr. | Apr. | Mar. |Jan. to|Feb. to|Mar. to 

 | |2007 1/|2008 1/|2008 1/| 2007 | 2008 | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. 

___________|_______________________________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________ 

 | | 

 | INTERMEDIATE MATERIALS LESS FOODS AND FEEDS | 

 | -Continued..........................................| 

05-42 | Commercial electric power...........................| 163.2 164.8 166.6 3.9 1.1 -0.1 0.9 0.9 

05-43 | Industrial electric power...........................| 180.0 183.9 186.0 7.5 1.1 -.5 2.6 1.1 

05-52 | Commercial natural gas (Dec. 1990=100)..............| 237.2 250.9 260.8 10.6 3.9 6.6 5.0 5.4 

05-53 | Industrial natural gas (Dec. 1990=100)..............| 247.0 264.0 278.0 11.9 5.3 7.3 6.4 5.0 

05-54 | Natural gas to electric utilities (Dec. 1990=100)...| 188.6 198.8 206.7 8.8 4.0 8.6 6.8 4.5 

05-72-03 | Jet fuels...........................................| 268.3 292.1 322.9 55.3 10.5 -2.4 10.2 6.8 

05-73-03 | No. 2 Diesel fuel...................................| 271.9 355.4 365.1 53.4 2.7 .9 15.3 -.9 

05-74 | Residual fuels 2/...................................| 200.8 242.4 228.6 45.4 -5.7 -.8 18.1 -5.7 

06-1 | Industrial chemicals 2/.............................| 245.1 254.7 266.7 22.8 4.7 -.2 1.9 4.7 

06-21 | Prepared paint......................................| 211.4 215.3 217.2 4.1 .9 1.7 -1.5 .9 

06-22 | Paint materials 2/..................................| 218.6 223.8 224.1 8.6 .1 .3 3.3 .1 

06-31 | Medicinal and botanical chemicals 2/................| 140.2 141.1 141.2 -.1 .1 2.5 -.3 .1 

06-4 | Fats and oils, inedible 2/..........................| 240.1 311.3 316.3 88.6 1.6 7.1 13.3 1.6 

06-51 | Mixed fertilizers...................................| 171.4 198.7 213.4 34.0 7.4 4.1 4.6 7.0 

06-52-01 | Nitrogenates........................................| 261.8 295.7 301.0 27.3 1.8 14.3 -2.0 2.1 

06-52-02 | Phosphates 2/.......................................| 203.4 279.1 310.0 63.2 11.1 -11.0 13.0 11.1 

06-53 | Other agricultural chemicals 2/.....................| 160.7 160.9 164.0 4.2 1.9 .7 -1.3 1.9 

06-6 | Plastic resins and materials 2/.....................| 207.5 211.0 212.9 10.8 .9 .3 -.5 .9 

07-11-02 | Synthetic rubber 2/.................................| 171.3 179.2 183.6 9.3 2.5 1.3 -.1 2.5 

07-21 | Plastic construction products 2/....................| 180.5 180.6 180.4 .9 -.1 .2 -.5 -.1 

07-22 | Unsupported plastic film, sheet, & other shapes 2/..| 181.2 184.5 185.7 7.5 .7 -.2 -.4 .7 

07-26 | Plastic parts and components for manufacturing 2/...| 130.1 131.0 130.0 .3 -.8 .8 0 -.8 

08-11 | Softwood lumber 2/..................................| 159.0 151.7 153.6 -11.9 1.3 -.7 -.3 1.3 

08-12 | Hardwood lumber 2/..................................| 190.7 188.6 187.0 -2.8 -.8 .5 .2 -.8 

08-2 | Millwork............................................| 201.6 203.2 203.8 1.1 .3 .2 .2 .1 

08-3 | Plywood 2/..........................................| 177.2 174.0 174.2 .8 .1 -.6 .2 .1 

09-11 | Woodpulp 2/.........................................| 167.3 170.3 171.8 8.2 .9 2.6 -3.4 .9 

09-13 | Paper 2/............................................| 172.7 178.6 179.8 6.8 .7 .8 1.5 .7 

09-14 | Paperboard 2/.......................................| 209.4 209.7 209.5 5.3 -.1 0 .1 -.1 

09-15-03 | Paper boxes and containers 2/.......................| 201.5 202.4 202.8 3.2 .2 .1 -.1 .2 

09-2 | Building paper and board 2/.........................| 151.9 155.4 155.0 -.8 -.3 0 2.3 -.3 

09-37 | Commercial printing (June 1982=100) 2/..............| 166.3 167.8 169.5 2.1 1.0 .4 -.1 1.0 

10-15 | Foundry and forge shop products 2/..................| 171.0 178.0 180.5 5.8 1.4 2.3 .5 1.4 

10-17 | Steel mill products 2/..............................| 180.6 196.6 207.5 10.2 5.5 1.8 5.5 5.5 

10-22 | Primary nonferrous metals 2/........................| 258.2 309.1 306.3 8.3 -.9 6.9 10.7 -.9 

10-25-01 | Aluminum mill shapes 2/.............................| 182.8 189.7 195.7 2.4 3.2 .4 4.0 3.2 

10-25-02 | Copper and brass mill shapes 2/.....................| 389.8 446.5 448.3 4.0 .4 5.8 6.9 .4 

10-26 | Nonferrous wire and cable 2/........................| 239.7 269.1 260.8 12.0 -3.1 2.3 7.9 -3.1 

10-3 | Metal containers 2/.................................| 134.6 138.1 141.4 5.8 2.4 1.9 .4 2.4 

10-4 | Hardware 2/.........................................| 180.7 183.6 185.6 3.6 1.1 1.1 .3 1.1 

10-5 | Plumbing fixtures and brass fittings................| 218.9 222.4 224.4 1.8 .9 1.5 -1.4 1.0 

10-6 | Heating equipment...................................| 198.1 200.5 201.1 3.2 .3 -.7 .8 .5 

10-7 | Fabricated structural metal products 2/.............| 189.5 194.0 200.1 7.1 3.1 .8 1.0 3.1 

10-88 | Fabricated ferrous wire products (June 1982=100) 2/.| 169.0 182.0 188.4 14.3 3.5 .5 5.7 3.5 

10-89 | Other misc. metal products 2/.......................| 145.8 147.1 147.7 3.8 .4 .3 .5 .4 

11-45 | Mechanical power transmission equipment.............| 209.6 209.5 213.5 5.0 1.9 .1 0 2.1 

11-48 | Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment........| 159.3 160.4 159.9 2.0 -.3 -.5 .2 -.4 

11-49-02 | Metal valves, ex.fluid power (Dec. 1982=100) 2/.....| 231.9 233.7 237.0 6.2 1.4 1.5 -.4 1.4 

11-49-05 | Ball and roller bearings 2/.........................| 203.6 205.0 206.1 4.4 .5 -.5 .1 .5 

11-71 | Wiring devices 2/...................................| 198.1 200.8 201.0 5.1 .1 .5 .3 .1 

11-73 | Motors, generators, motor generator sets 2/.........| 174.7 177.9 177.8 3.1 -.1 .6 .2 -.1 

11-75 | Switchgear, switchboard, etc., equipment 2/.........| 191.1 194.7 196.6 4.4 1.0 1.1 .2 1.0 

11-78 | Electronic components and accessories 2/............| 78.4 77.9 78.2 -6.7 .4 .1 .4 .4 

11-94 | Internal combustion engines 2/......................| 154.9 156.5 156.2 1.1 -.2 .1 0 -.2 

11-95 | Machine shop products 2/............................| 165.2 170.5 169.2 6.3 -.8 .6 3.8 -.8 

13-11 | Flat glass 2/.......................................| 112.8 113.8 112.7 -1.7 -1.0 -.2 0 -1.0 

13-22 | Cement..............................................| 210.5 212.8 211.0 -.2 -.8 .9 -.3 -2.1 

13-3 | Concrete products...................................| 205.8 207.3 210.0 3.4 1.3 .2 .3 1.4 

13-6 | Asphalt felts and coatings..........................| 148.8 147.9 151.5 4.7 2.4 -.5 2.7 .8 

13-7 | Gypsum products 2/..................................| 207.2 210.2 210.6 -16.7 .2 -.2 2.2 .2 

13-8 | Glass containers....................................| 163.0 171.3 171.0 7.0 -.2 .3 .1 -.1 

14-12 | Motor vehicle parts 2/..............................| 118.4 118.2 118.8 1.0 .5 -.3 -.2 .5 

14-23 | Aircraft engines & engine parts (Dec. 1985=100).....| 180.2 184.6 185.9 4.3 .7 .3 .2 .7 

14-25 | Aircraft parts & aux.equip.,nec (June 1985=100) 2/..| 159.1 163.1 162.3 2.8 -.5 -.1 .3 -.5 

15-42 | Photographic supplies 2/............................| 124.0 124.4 124.4 1.5 0 .5 0 0 

15-6 | Medical/surgical/personal aid devices...............| 163.7 165.9 166.5 2.1 .4 .7 -.2 .4 

 | | 

 | CRUDE MATERIALS FOR FURTHER PROCESSING................| 229.0 265.6 274.3 34.3 3.3 3.7 8.0 3.2 

 | | 

 | CRUDE FOODSTUFFS AND FEEDSTUFFS......................| 158.5 168.0 166.5 15.9 -.9 .7 2.0 -.9 

 | | 

01-21 | Wheat 2/............................................| 265.9 345.3 265.4 96.9 -23.1 19.2 .6 -23.1 

01-22-02 | Corn 2/.............................................| 165.7 217.8 232.1 69.5 6.6 -1.9 14.5 6.6 

01-31 | Slaughter cattle 2/.................................| 134.8 134.1 134.1 -6.9 0 2.5 -.6 0 

01-32 | Slaughter hogs......................................| 64.4 63.6 68.6 -10.2 7.9 9.8 -1.8 10.5 

01-41-02 | Slaughter broilers/fryers...........................| 177.6 210.3 206.6 .2 -1.8 -3.1 .5 1.0 

01-42 | Slaughter turkeys...................................| 162.8 152.2 162.0 21.6 6.4 10.4 6.7 4.9 

01-6 | Fluid milk..........................................| 161.1 137.2 134.9 8.5 -1.7 -5.3 -5.2 -2.6 

01-83-01-31| Soybeans 2/.........................................| 192.5 228.7 228.2 91.1 -.2 4.1 4.2 -.2 

02-52-01-03| Cane sugar, raw (Dec. 2003=100) 2/..................| 116.9 118.1 117.6 -1.8 -.4 -2.2 2.6 -.4 

 | | 

 | CRUDE NONFOOD MATERIALS..............................| 275.4 333.1 349.9 43.5 5.0 5.0 10.9 5.0 

 | | 

01-51 | Raw cotton 2/.......................................| 98.6 102.3 100.0 26.9 -2.2 -1.2 1.2 -2.2 

04-1 | Hides and skins 2/..................................| 196.6 187.0 193.7 -12.9 3.6 -1.1 -.6 3.6 

05-1 | Coal................................................| 131.5 141.1 142.0 7.9 .6 1.0 -.9 .3 

05-31 | Natural gas 2/......................................| 292.1 370.4 386.2 33.9 4.3 11.5 11.4 4.3 

05-61 | Crude petroleum 2/..................................| 246.8 301.0 314.4 87.4 4.5 .6 17.5 4.5 

08-5 | Logs, timber, etc 2/................................| 209.2 215.0 217.3 -3.1 1.1 2.1 .2 1.1 

09-12 | Wastepaper 2/.......................................| 397.5 438.6 428.6 17.6 -2.3 5.4 2.6 -2.3 

10-11 | Iron ore 2/.........................................| 129.5 134.3 145.2 12.6 8.1 0 0 8.1 

10-12 | Iron and steel scrap 2/.............................| 421.2 537.0 709.8 57.3 32.2 6.5 1.4 32.2 

10-21 | Nonferrous metal ores (Dec. 1983=100) 2/............| 250.7 289.7 284.5 17.1 -1.8 3.3 6.9 -1.8 

10-23-01 | Copper base scrap 2/................................| 482.0 564.8 594.6 22.5 5.3 7.8 7.0 5.3 

10-23-02 | Aluminum base scrap.................................| 264.3 311.0 322.7 11.7 3.8 -.4 9.9 2.1 

13-21 | Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone........| 237.1 247.1 246.2 6.5 -.4 1.9 1.4 -.7 

13-99-01 | Industrial sand.....................................| 195.3 207.2 206.9 9.0 -.1 .3 .9 0 

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

1/ The indexes for December 2007 have been recalculated to incorporate late 2/ Not seasonally adjusted. 

 reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to 3/ Not available. 

 revision 4 months after original publication. 
Table 3. Producer price indexes for selected commodity groupings 

(1982=100 unless otherwise indicated) 

_______________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 | | | 

 | | Unadjusted index 1/ | 

Commodity| |___________________________________| 

 code | Grouping | Dec. 2007 |March 2008 |April 2008 | 

_________|________________________________________________|___________|___________|___________| 

 | | | | | 

 | Finished Goods (1967=100)......................| 478.1 | 492.2 | 495.9 | 

 | All commodities................................| 178.6 | 188.1 | 190.7 | 

 | | | | | 

 | | | | | 

 | MAJOR COMMODITY GROUPS | | | | 

 | | | | | 

 | Farm products and processed foods and feeds....| 166.0 | 173.6 | 172.9 | 

01 | Farm products................................| 159.6 | 167.8 | 164.8 | 

02 | Processed foods and feeds....................| 169.4 | 176.7 | 177.0 | 

 | | | | | 

 | Industrial commodities.........................| 180.7 | 190.5 | 193.7 | 

03 | Textile products and apparel.................| 126.6 | 127.3 | 127.7 | 

04 | Hides, skins, leather, and related products..| 172.6 | 172.3 | 173.2 | 

05 | Fuels and related products and power.........| 192.6 | 217.9 | 224.7 | 

06 | Chemicals and allied products 2/.............| 224.7 | 233.2 | 238.4 | 

07 | Rubber and plastic products..................| 157.5 | 160.8 | 160.7 | 

08 | Lumber and wood products.....................| 190.0 | 189.9 | 190.1 | 

09 | Pulp, paper, and allied products.............| 220.2 | 224.1 | 224.8 | 

10 | Metals and metal products....................| 194.1 | 207.2 | 214.5 | 

11 | Machinery and equipment......................| 127.4 | 129.0 | 129.1 | 

12 | Furniture and household durables.............| 145.4 | 146.3 | 147.3 | 

13 | Nonmetallic mineral products.................| 186.9 | 189.8 | 190.8 | 

14 | Transportation equipment.....................| 156.6 | 157.2 | 157.5 | 

15 | Miscellaneous products.......................| 211.3 | 214.5 | 214.7 | 

 | | | | | 

 | Industrial commodities less fuels and related | | | | 

 | products and power...........................| 173.1 | 177.1 | 179.0 | 

 | | | | | 

 | | | | | 

 | OTHER COMMODITY GROUPINGS | | | | 

 | | | | | 

01-1 | Fruits and melons, fresh and dry vegetables, | | | | 

 | and tree nuts................................| 175.7 | 165.5 | 161.4 | 

01-2 | Grains.........................................| 188.5 | 245.1 | 237.3 | 

01-3 | Slaughter livestock............................| 118.2 | 117.4 | 118.6 | 

01-4 | Slaughter poultry..............................| 172.1 | 196.1 | 195.0 | 

01-5 | Plant and animal fibers........................| 99.4 | 103.2 | 100.9 | 

01-7 | Chicken eggs...................................| 240.3 | 245.9 | 184.8 | 

01-8 | Hay, hayseeds, and oilseeds....................| 217.6 | 250.9 | 254.9 | 

01-83 | Oilseeds.......................................| 207.8 | 245.1 | 244.4 | 

02-1 | Cereal and bakery products.....................| 210.0 | 228.2 | 227.2 | 

02-2 | Meats, poultry, and fish.......................| 140.6 | 147.0 | 146.4 | 

02-22 | Processed poultry..............................| 130.1 | 135.4 | 136.0 | 

02-5 | Sugar and confectionery........................| 169.4 | 174.1 | 174.7 | 

02-6 | Beverages and beverage materials...............| 166.8 | 171.1 | 171.9 | 

02-63 | Packaged beverage materials....................| 166.4 | 180.0 | 174.8 | 

02-7 | Fats and oils..................................| 247.1 | 293.9 | 305.3 | 

03-81 | Apparel........................................| 127.2 | 127.6 | 127.7 | 

04-4 | Other leather and related products.............| 157.0 | 157.8 | 158.3 | 

05-3 | Gas fuels......................................| 314.2 | 368.1 | 383.1 | 

05-4 | Electric power.................................| 166.4 | 168.8 | 170.6 | 

05-7 | Refined petroleum products.....................| 238.8 | 282.1 | 291.4 | 

06-3 | Drugs and pharmaceuticals......................| 327.4 | 337.2 | 339.1 | 

06-5 | Agricultural chemicals and products............| 194.5 | 225.4 | 238.4 | 

06-7 | Other chemicals and allied products............| 165.1 | 168.3 | 169.5 | 

07-1 | Rubber and rubber products.....................| 142.7 | 146.7 | 147.6 | 

07-11 | Rubber, except natural rubber..................| 170.4 | 178.3 | 182.7 | 

07-13 | Miscellaneous rubber products..................| 156.7 | 159.1 | 159.7 | 

07-2 | Plastic products...............................| 168.3 | 171.5 | 171.1 | 

08-1 | Lumber.........................................| 167.3 | 162.3 | 162.8 | 

09-1 | Pulp, paper, and products, excluding building | | | | 

 | paper and board..............................| 191.4 | 195.5 | 195.9 | 

09-15 | Converted paper and paperboard products........| 191.4 | 193.5 | 194.1 | 

10-1 | Iron and steel.................................| 200.6 | 223.0 | 245.8 | 

10-2 | Nonferrous metals..............................| 239.7 | 266.9 | 267.5 | 

10-25 | Nonferrous mill shapes.........................| 210.4 | 226.8 | 229.9 | 

11-3 | Metalworking machinery and equipment...........| 165.2 | 166.5 | 167.7 | 

11-4 | General purpose machinery and equipment........| 186.6 | 188.9 | 189.7 | 

11-6 | Special industry machinery.....................| 183.2 | 186.7 | 187.2 | 

11-7 | Electrical machinery and equipment.............| 112.6 | 113.5 | 113.6 | 

11-9 | Miscellaneous machinery and equipment..........| 157.4 | 162.2 | 161.7 | 

12-6 | Other household durable goods..................| 171.3 | 173.0 | 172.7 | 

13-2 | Concrete ingredients...........................| 223.4 | 230.6 | 229.3 | 

14-1 | Motor vehicles and equipment...................| 133.2 | 133.2 | 133.7 | 

15-1 | Toys, sporting goods, small arms, etc..........| 143.3 | 145.2 | 144.8 | 

15-4 | Photographic equipment and supplies............| 110.1 | 110.5 | 110.5 | 

15-9 | Other miscellaneous products...................| 156.6 | 161.4 | 161.3 | 

__________________________________________________________|___________|___________|___________| 

 

1/ Data for December 2007 have been revised to reflect the availability of late reports and 

 corrections by respondents. All data are subject to revision 4 months after original 

 publication. 

2/ Prices of some items in this grouping are lagged 1 month. 
Table 4. Producer price indexes for the net output of selected industries and industry groups, not seasonally 

adjusted 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 | | | Index | Percent change 

 Industry | Industry 1/ |Index|_______________________|to_Apr._2008_from: 

 code | |base | | | | | 

 | | |Dec. |Mar. |Apr. | Apr. | Mar. 

 | | |2007 2/|2008 2/|2008 2/| 2007 | 2008 

__________________|______________________________________________|_____|_______|_______|_______|________|_________ 

 | | | 

 |Total mining, utilities, and manufacturing | | 

 | industries.................................. |12/06| 106.2 110.3 111.6 8.2 1.2 

 | | | 

 |Total mining industries...................... |12/84| 249.5 290.0 299.0 39.7 3.1 

 211 | Oil and gas extraction...................... |12/85| 315.9 375.6 390.3 51.8 3.9 

 212 | Mining (except oil & gas)................... |12/03| 161.2 175.6 176.4 11.5 .5 

 213 | Mining support activities................... |12/03| 164.9 170.0 170.0 -1.2 0 

 | | | 

 221 | Utilities................................... |12/03| 127.4 129.7 133.6 7.3 3.0 

 | | | 

 |Total manufacturing industries............... |12/84| 166.9 173.4 175.1 8.0 1.0 

 311 | Food mfg.................................... |12/84| 162.8 170.2 170.9 8.9 .4 

 312 | Beverage & tobacco mfg...................... |12/03| 111.2 112.6 113.0 3.6 .4 

 313 | Textile mills............................... |12/03| 109.3 110.3 110.8 3.2 .5 

 314 | Textile product mills....................... |12/03| 110.2 111.2 111.1 2.0 -.1 

 315 | Apparel manufacturing....................... |12/03| 101.5 102.0 102.2 .6 .2 

 316 | Leather and allied product manufacturing.... |12/84| 151.1 152.5 152.8 2.1 .2 

 321 | Wood product manufacturing.................. |12/03| 106.1 105.8 106.0 -.9 .2 

 322 | Paper manufacturing......................... |12/03| 118.0 119.6 120.2 4.8 .5 

 323 | Printing and related support activities..... |12/03| 107.4 108.1 109.2 2.4 1.0 

 324 | Petroleum and coal products manufacturing... |12/84| 288.4 336.4 347.6 34.1 3.3 

 325 | Chemical mfg................................ |12/84| 210.4 216.9 220.4 9.6 1.6 

 326 | Plastics and rubber products mfg............ |12/84| 153.2 156.5 156.3 4.6 -.1 

 327 | Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing... |12/84| 166.9 168.8 169.8 1.6 .6 

 331 | Primary metal mfg........................... |12/84| 188.6 202.9 210.5 8.4 3.7 

 332 | Fabricated metal product mfg................ |12/84| 164.3 167.8 170.6 5.4 1.7 

 333 | Machinery manufacturing..................... |12/03| 113.1 114.8 115.2 2.9 .3 

 334 | Computer & electronic product mfg........... |12/03| 92.6 92.8 92.7 -2.5 -.1 

 335 | Electrical equipment and appliance mfg..... |12/03| 124.4 128.4 127.3 5.6 -.9 

 336 | Transportation equipment manufacturing...... |12/03| 106.0 106.3 106.5 1.9 .2 

 337 | Furniture & related product mfg............. |12/84| 166.4 167.8 169.7 2.5 1.1 

 339 | Miscellaneous mfg........................... |12/03| 107.7 109.3 109.5 2.5 .2 

 | | | 

 |Total trade industries....................... |12/06| 103.9 105.4 106.7 3.5 1.2 

 | | | 

 |Total wholesale trade industries............. |12/06| 103.0 106.1 106.0 3.4 -.1 

 423 | Merchant wholesalers, durable goods......... |06/04| 111.9 115.4 113.8 3.2 -1.4 

 424 | Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods...... |06/05| 110.6 114.0 115.6 3.3 1.4 

 425 | Wholesale trade agents and brokers.......... |06/05| 108.6 109.5 112.2 8.9 2.5 

 | | | 

 |Total retail trade industries................ |12/06| 104.5 105.0 107.2 3.6 2.1 

 441 | Motor vehicle and parts dealers............. |12/03| 118.0 118.8 119.0 2.9 .2 

 442 | Furniture and home furnishings stores....... |12/03| 119.0 122.2 119.2 3.0 -2.5 

 443 | Electronics and appliance stores............ |12/03| 89.3 88.0 110.9 13.3 26.0 

 444 | Bldg material and garden equip and supp | | 

 | dealers.................................... |12/03| 119.6 121.0 119.5 .4 -1.2 

 445 | Food and beverage stores.................... |12/99| 140.8 141.7 146.5 5.5 3.4 

 446 | Health and personal care stores............. |12/03| 123.8 125.9 128.0 4.7 1.7 

 447 | Gasoline stations........................... |06/01| 66.6 61.1 65.6 -7.7 7.4 

 448 | Clothing and clothing accessories stores.... |12/03| 106.7 108.9 113.6 6.9 4.3 

 451 | Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores |12/03| 106.5 110.5 110.1 13.3 -.4 

 452 | General merchandise stores.................. |12/03| 112.4 111.7 115.2 5.3 3.1 

 454 | Nonstore retailers.......................... |12/03| 134.7 134.3 136.2 4.4 1.4 

 | | | 

 |Transportation and warehousing industries.... |12/06| 106.6 109.2 110.5 7.5 1.2 

 | | | 

 |Transportation industries.................... |12/06| 105.8 108.9 110.5 7.8 1.5 

 481 | Air transportation.......................... |12/92| 187.1 197.2 199.5 9.4 1.2 

 482 | Rail transportation......................... |12/96| 148.0 153.0 153.9 12.6 .6 

 483 | Water transportation........................ |12/03| 116.4 120.8 122.1 9.6 1.1 

 484 | Truck transportation........................ |12/03| 117.8 119.8 122.1 6.2 1.9 

 486110 | Pipeline transportation of crude oil........ |06/86| 143.8 145.0 149.8 11.5 3.3 

 486910 | Refined petroleum product pipeline | | 

 | transport.................................. |06/86| 135.6 135.9 135.5 5.0 -.3 

 488 | Transportation support activities........... |12/03| 109.3 109.8 111.9 3.0 1.9 

 | | | 

 |Delivery and warehouse industries............ |12/06| 108.6 109.7 110.0 6.1 .3 

 491 | Postal service.............................. |06/89| 175.5 175.5 175.5 6.6 0 

 492 | Couriers and messengers..................... |12/03| 134.3 137.1 137.8 6.3 .5 

 493 | Warehousing and storage..................... |12/06| 104.0 105.2 105.3 3.4 .1 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 4. Producer price indexes for the net output of selected industries and industry groups, not seasonally 

adjusted -- Continued 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 | | | Index | Percent change 

 Industry | Industry 1/ |Index|_______________________|to_Apr._2008_from: 

 code | |base | | | | | 

 | | |Dec. |Mar. |Apr. | Apr. | Mar. 

 | | |2007 2/|2008 2/|2008 2/| 2007 | 2008 

__________________|______________________________________________|_____|_______|_______|_______|________|_________ 

 | | | 

 |Total traditional service industries......... |12/06| 101.8 101.3 102.0 0.9 0.7 

 | | | 

 |Information.................................. |12/06| 101.0 101.7 102.4 1.8 .7 

 511 | Publishing industries, except Internet...... |12/03| 108.5 110.4 110.7 2.5 .3 

 515 | Broadcasting, except Internet............... |12/03| 103.6 103.2 102.4 1.3 -.8 

 517 | Telecommunications.......................... |12/03| 100.7 100.8 102.1 1.7 1.3 

 5181 | ISPs and Web search portals................. |06/04| 72.7 72.2 72.6 -.7 .6 

 5182 | Data processing and related services........ |12/03| 100.4 100.6 100.5 .4 -.1 

 | | | 

 |Selected health care industries.............. |12/06| 103.9 103.9 104.3 2.5 .4 

 6211 | Offices of physicians....................... |12/96| 122.7 121.0 122.3 .1 1.1 

 6215 | Medical and diagnostic laboratories......... |12/03| 106.7 106.8 107.4 .7 .6 

 6216 | Home health care services................... |12/96| 125.3 125.6 125.5 1.5 -.1 

 621991 | Blood and organ banks....................... |06/06| 104.4 105.6 105.6 2.7 0 

 622 | Hospitals................................... |12/92| 161.9 162.7 162.9 3.5 .1 

 6231 | Nursing care facilities..................... |12/03| 117.0 117.6 118.2 4.0 .5 

 62321 | Residential mental retardation facilities... |12/03| 114.6 118.2 118.0 5.8 -.2 

 | | | 

 |Other selected traditional service | | 

 | industries.................................. |12/06| 101.3 100.3 101.1 .1 .8 

 5221 | Depository credit intermediation............ |12/03| 107.6 99.9 104.3 -8.4 4.4 

 523 | Security, commodity contracts and like | | 

 | activity................................... |12/03| 123.0 118.4 119.2 .9 .7 

 524 | Insurance carriers and related activities... |12/03| 108.4 109.3 109.3 1.8 0 

 53112 | Lessors of nonres bldg (exc miniwarehouse).. |12/03| 110.0 107.9 109.1 3.0 1.1 

 53113 | Lessors of miniwarehouse and self storage | | 

 | units...................................... |12/03| 110.3 111.6 112.5 3.9 .8 

 5312 | Offices of real estate agents and brokers... |12/03| 109.9 110.6 110.0 -1.3 -.5 

 5321 | Automotive equipment rental and leasing..... |06/01| 119.1 121.6 117.8 .7 -3.1 

 532412 | Other heavy machinery rental and leasing.... |12/03| 118.8 119.2 119.2 .8 0 

 5411 | Legal services.............................. |12/96| 155.1 160.6 160.8 5.1 .1 

 5413 | Architectural, engineering and related | | 

 | services................................... |12/96| 140.8 140.0 140.4 0.5 0.3 

 5416 | Management and technical consulting services |06/06| 104.7 105.0 105.1 2.5 .1 

 54181 | Advertising agencies........................ |12/03| 105.1 105.2 106.0 .9 .8 

 5613 | Employment services......................... |12/96| 122.2 122.5 122.3 .8 -.2 

 56151 | Travel agencies............................. |12/03| 100.2 98.7 98.8 -2.4 .1 

 56172 | Janitorial services......................... |12/03| 108.7 107.7 109.0 3.5 1.2 

 5621 | Waste collection............................ |12/03| 108.4 112.1 112.3 4.8 .2 

 61142 | Computer training........................... |06/06| 106.6 108.0 110.4 8.9 2.2 

 71311 | Amusement and theme parks................... |06/06| 108.3 108.8 108.9 5.3 .1 

 71391 | Golf courses and country clubs.............. |12/05| 104.6 106.7 105.3 1.1 -1.3 

 71394 | Fitness and recreational sports centers..... |12/04| 101.0 100.7 101.0 1.7 .3 

 721 | Accommodation............................... |12/96| 143.7 144.2 146.0 3.8 1.2 

 8113 | Commercial machinery repair and maintenance. |06/06| 103.7 104.7 104.3 2.9 -.4 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

1/ Indexes in this table are derived from the net-output-weighted industry price indexes. Because of differences 

 in coverage and aggregation methodology, they will generally not match the movements of similarly titled 

 indexes which are derived from traditional commodity groupings. 

2/ The indexes for December 2007 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. 

 All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. 

3/ Not available. 

 

Note: NAICS replaced the SIC system beginning with the release of PPI data for January 2004. 
Table 5. Producer price indexes by stage of processing, seasonally adjusted 

(1982=100) 

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 | 

 | Index 1/ 

 |_____________________________________________________ 

 Grouping | | | | | | 

 | Nov. | Dec. | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. 

 | 2007 | 2007 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 | 2008 

_______________________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ 

 | 

 Finished goods...................................| 172.3 171.4 173.3 173.9 175.8 176.1 

 Finished consumer goods........................| 180.8 179.7 182.0 182.6 185.0 185.2 

 Finished consumer foods......................| 169.7 171.9 174.8 173.9 176.0 176.0 

 Crude......................................| 174.6 189.2 193.8 175.5 191.1 183.6 

 Processed..................................| 169.3 170.2 173.0 173.8 174.6 175.4 

 Finished consumer goods, excluding foods.....| 184.8 182.4 184.4 185.6 188.1 188.4 

 Nondurable goods less foods................| 204.9 201.5 204.2 205.7 209.2 209.4 

 Durable goods..............................| 139.0 138.7 139.2 139.9 140.1 140.8 

 Capital equipment..............................| 150.4 150.3 150.9 151.7 151.9 152.5 

 Manufacturing industries.....................| 153.3 153.4 154.5 155.1 155.5 156.5 

 Nonmanufacturing industries..................| 149.3 149.2 149.6 150.4 150.6 151.1 

 | 

 Intermediate materials, supplies, and components.| 176.9 177.2 179.2 180.6 184.8 186.5 

 Materials and components for manufacturing.....| 166.3 166.4 168.4 169.8 172.5 174.5 

 Materials for food manufacturing.............| 167.4 170.7 174.8 177.5 180.4 179.9 

 Materials for nondurable manufacturing.......| 195.2 195.0 199.5 201.2 204.2 207.6 

 Materials for durable manufacturing..........| 188.9 188.3 189.2 192.2 199.5 203.3 

 Components for manufacturing.................| 136.8 136.9 137.2 137.6 138.1 138.7 

 Materials and components for construction......| 193.5 193.8 194.2 195.5 197.1 199.1 

 Processed fuels and lubricants.................| 192.6 192.7 195.8 197.2 209.1 210.7 

 Manufacturing industries.....................| 188.2 186.6 189.6 190.4 201.6 201.3 

 Nonmanufacturing industries..................| 195.0 195.7 198.8 200.6 212.7 215.1 

 Containers.....................................| 183.2 183.5 184.4 185.6 185.8 187.0 

 Supplies.......................................| 164.0 164.6 166.5 167.9 169.4 170.5 

 Manufacturing industries.....................| 164.3 165.0 166.1 167.0 167.5 168.4 

 Nonmanufacturing industries..................| 162.5 163.1 165.2 166.8 168.5 169.6 

 Feeds......................................| 150.3 153.5 162.9 170.0 180.3 177.8 

 Other supplies.............................| 164.9 165.3 166.8 168.0 169.0 170.4 

 | 

 Crude materials for further processing...........| 226.3 230.3 237.5 246.2 266.0 274.6 

 Foodstuffs and feedstuffs......................| 153.8 160.2 164.9 166.1 169.4 167.9 

 Nonfood materials..............................| 274.8 276.3 285.4 299.8 332.5 349.1 

 Nonfood materials except fuel 2/.............| 281.0 278.1 289.3 294.1 327.6 346.4 

 Manufacturing 2/...........................| 261.4 258.7 269.2 273.7 305.2 322.9 

 Construction...............................| 198.2 198.5 197.7 198.2 198.9 196.9 

 Crude fuel 3/................................| 243.6 251.2 256.7 283.5 312.4 324.4 

 Manufacturing industries...................| 231.3 238.4 243.7 268.5 295.3 306.4 

 Nonmanufacturing industries................| 249.1 256.9 262.6 290.0 319.7 331.9 

 | 

 Special groupings | 

 | 

 Finished goods, excluding foods..................| 172.7 171.0 172.6 173.7 175.4 175.8 

 Intermediate materials less foods and feeds......| 177.7 177.8 179.7 181.0 185.2 187.0 

 Intermediate foods and feeds.....................| 162.0 165.2 170.9 174.8 179.9 178.8 

 Crude materials less agricultural products 2/....| 282.3 283.7 292.9 307.8 341.6 358.6 

 | 

 Finished energy goods............................| 175.9 169.7 173.3 174.6 179.6 179.3 

 Finished goods less energy.......................| 164.5 165.1 166.4 166.9 167.7 168.2 

 Finished consumer goods less energy..............| 170.7 171.6 173.3 173.6 174.7 175.2 

 | 

 Finished goods less foods and energy.............| 163.0 163.1 163.9 164.8 165.2 165.9 

 Finished consumer goods less foods and energy....| 171.6 171.8 172.6 173.7 174.2 174.9 

 Consumer nondurable goods less foods and energy..| 199.3 200.0 201.1 202.6 203.4 204.1 

 | 

 Intermediate energy goods........................| 193.9 194.0 197.4 199.5 211.3 212.3 

 Intermediate materials less energy...............| 170.3 170.6 172.1 173.4 175.4 177.3 

 Intermediate materials less foods and energy.....| 170.9 171.0 172.3 173.4 175.3 177.4 

 | 

 Crude energy materials 2/........................| 267.3 268.6 275.8 291.3 330.2 343.7 

 Crude materials less energy......................| 190.4 196.2 203.2 206.5 211.6 216.1 

 Crude nonfood materials less energy 3/...........| 292.2 294.6 309.7 319.8 330.9 357.1 

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

 1/ All seasonally adjusted indexes are subject to change up to 5 years after original publication due to 

 the recalculation of seasonal factors each January. The indexes for December 2007 have been 

 recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. 

 2/ Includes crude petroleum. 

 3/ Excludes crude petroleum.