For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, April 17, 2024 USDL-24-0700

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2024 

Job openings rates decreased in 4 states and the District of Columbia and increased in 3 states on the last 

business day of February, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 5 

states and decreased in 2 states. Total separations rates increased in 5 states and decreased in 2 states. 

Nationally, the job openings, hires, and total separations rates showed little or no change in February. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 

layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In February, job openings rates decreased in 4 states and the District of Columbia, increased in 3 states, 

and were little changed in 43 states. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Oregon 

(-1.2 percentage points) and in the District of Columbia and West Virginia (-1.0 point each). The 

increases occurred in Arizona (+1.0 point) and in Hawaii and Rhode Island (+0.9 point each). Over the 

month, the national job openings rate was unchanged. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 6 states and the District of Columbia, increased in 4 states, 

and was little changed in 40 states in February. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred 

in Oregon (-28,000), Ohio (-24,000), and Maryland (-18,000). The largest increases occurred in Arizona

(+37,000), Indiana (+18,000), and Hawaii (+6,000). Nationally, the number of job openings changed 

little. (See table 1.) 

Hires

In February, hires rates increased in 5 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 43 states 

and the District of Columbia. The increases in the hires rate occurred in Tennessee (+1.0 percentage 

point) and Maine (+0.9 point), as well as in Florida, Missouri, and Ohio (+0.6 point each). The decreases 

occurred in South Carolina (-0.7 point) and Pennsylvania (-0.5 point). The national hires rate changed 

little over the month. (See table 2.)

Upcoming Revisions to the JOLTS State Estimates

Effective with the release of May 2024 data on July 24, 2024, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) state estimates will be benchmarked and revised to include the annual benchmark 

revisions to JOLTS national estimates, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment 

estimates, and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. Seasonally adjusted 

and not seasonally adjusted data from January 2019 forward are subject to revision. In addition, 2023 

annual estimates for states will be released at this time.
- 2 - 

The number of hires increased in 6 states, decreased in 3 states, and was little changed in 41 states and 

the District of Columbia in February. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in Florida

(+56,000), Tennessee (+35,000), and Ohio (+32,000). The decreases occurred in New York

(-34,000), Pennsylvania (-31,000), and South Carolina (-16,000). Nationally, the number of hires 

changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In February, total separations rates increased in 5 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed 

in 43 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in total separations rates occurred in 

Minnesota (+1.3 percentage points), Maine (+1.0 point), and Alaska (+0.9 point). The decreases 

occurred in Nebraska (-0.8 point) and New Jersey (-0.6 point). Over the month, the national total 

separations rate was unchanged. (See table 3.) 

The number of total separations increased in 9 states, decreased in 3 states, and was little changed in 

38 states and the District of Columbia in February. The largest increases in the total separations level 

occurred in Minnesota (+40,000), Tennessee (+27,000), and Ohio (+26,000). The decreases occurred in 

New Jersey (-25,000), Kansas (-9,000), and Nebraska (-8,000). Nationally, the number of total 

separations changed little over the month. (See table 3.) 

Quits

In February, quits rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 46 states 

and the District of Columbia. The increases in quits rates occurred in Missouri (+0.8 percentage point), 

Nevada (+0.7 point), and Florida (+0.4 point). The decrease occurred in West Virginia (-0.6 point). 

Over the month, the national quits rate was unchanged. (See table 4.)

The number of quits increased in 4 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little changed in 44 states and 

the District of Columbia in February. The largest increases in the quits level occurred in Florida 

(+35,000), Missouri (+25,000), and Nevada (+10,000). The decreases occurred in Colorado (-13,000) 

and West Virginia (-4,000). Nationally, the number of quits was little changed. (See table 4.) 

Layoffs and Discharges

In February, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 7 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little 

changed in 42 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases occurred in Minnesota 

(+1.3 percentage points), Maine (+1.1 points), and Tennessee (+0.7 point). The decrease occurred in 

New Jersey (-0.4 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges rate changed little. 

(See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 8 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed 

in 41 states and the District of Columbia in February. The largest increases in the layoffs and discharges 

level occurred in Texas (+57,000), Minnesota (+38,000), and Tennessee (+22,000). The decrease 

occurred in New Jersey (-19,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. 

(See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 

charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#. 

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for March 2024 are scheduled to be 

released on Friday, May 17, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for 

job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and

total separations. The JOLTS program covers all 

private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data 

for January 2023, industries are classified in 

accordance with the 2022 North American Industry 

Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can be 

full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, 

short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether or 

not the employer can find a suitable candidate 

during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers from 

outside the establishment to fill the position. 

Active recruiting means that the establishment is 

taking steps to fill a position. It may include 

advertising in newspapers, on television, or on 

the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking, or making “word-ofmouth” announcements; accepting applications; 

interviewing candidates; contacting employment 

agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, 

state or local employment offices, or similar 

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work; and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season).

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Other separations comprise 

less than 8 percent of total separations. Other 

separations rates are generally very low, and other 

separations variance estimates are relatively high. 

Consequently, the other separations component is not 

published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the 

same location; employees on strike; employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The 

separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges

rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. The JOLTS sample of 

21,000 establishments does not directly support the 

production of sample-based state estimates. However, 

state estimates have been produced by combining the 

available sample with model-based estimates. 

 The state estimates consist of four major 

estimating models; the Composite Regional model

(an unpublished intermediate model), the Synthetic

model (an unpublished intermediate model), the 

Composite Synthetic model (published historical 

series through the most current benchmark year), and 

the Extended Composite Synthetic model (published 

current-year monthly series). The Composite 

Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS 

regional published estimates, and Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The 

Composite Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata 

and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly 

employment changes in microdata from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and 

JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 

Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite 

Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite 

Synthetic model by the ratio of the current Composite 

Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional 

model estimate from the previous year. 

 The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and 

its major component—the Composite Regional 

model) is used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

estimates because all of the inputs required by this 

model are available at the time monthly estimate are 

produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model 

(and its major component—the Synthetic model) can 

only be produced when the latest QCEW data are 

available. The Extended Composite Synthetic model 

estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

model estimates during the annual JOLTS retabulation process. The extension of the Composite 

Synthetic model using current data-based Composite 

Regional model estimates ensures that the Composite 

Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic 

trends. 

 The Composite Regional approach calculates 

state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata 

using sample weights and the adjustments for nonresponse. The Composite Regional estimate is then 

benchmarked to CES state-supersector employment 

to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS

sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 

sample for each state-supersector cell. The small 

JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 

cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable 

estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level 

estimates derived directly from the JOLTS sample 

are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when 

the number of respondents is low (that is, less than 

30). This approach is known as a composite estimate,

which leverages the small JOLTS sample to the 

greatest extent possible and supplements that with a 

model-based estimate. Previous research has found 

that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at 

finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 

make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the

regional-level using only national industry-level 

JOLTS rates. The assumption in this approach is that 

one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates 

at the state-level using only regional industry-level 

JOLTS rates.)

 In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based 

estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all 

state-supersector cells that have 30 or more 

respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be 

used, without a sample-based component, in all statesupersector cells that have fewer than five 

respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5 to 30 
respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a 

composition of a weighted estimate of the microdatabased estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS 

regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS 

data in those cells is proportional the number of 

JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n∕30, where n 

is the number of respondents). The sum of state 

estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned 

regional JOLTS published regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal 

adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to 

seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all 

relevant data, up to and including the current month, 

to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving 

averages are used as seasonal filters in seasonal 

adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes 

both additive and multiplicative models, as well as 

regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) 

modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The 

JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from 

three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 

These state estimates are published as a historical 

series made up of a historical annually revised 

benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic 

model and a current component of the Extended 

Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly 

"real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual 

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations 

quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by 

dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 

levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a 

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. For sampling error estimates, see

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for 

both sampling error and the error attributable to 

modeling. A small area domain model uses a 

Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS 

state variance. The small area model uses QCEWbased JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a 

Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior 
distribution using JOLTS microdata and samplebased variance estimates at the state and US Census 

regional level to generate a Bayesian posterior 

distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution 

has been generated, estimates of JOLTS state 

variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from 

the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian 

approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error 

and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................... 9,849 8,931 8,889 8,748 8,756 8 6.0 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 0.0

Alabama.................................. 142 119 135 131 127 -4 6.2 5.2 5.8 5.7 5.5 -0.2

Alaska..................................... 27 26 25 24 26 2 7.7 7.3 7.0 6.7 7.2 0.5

Arizona.................................... 190 184 167 141 178 37 5.7 5.5 4.9 4.2 5.2 1.0

Arkansas.................................. 98 81 78 74 75 1 6.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.2 0.0

California................................. 980 751 871 773 806 33 5.2 4.0 4.6 4.1 4.3 0.2

Colorado.................................. 241 224 217 195 200 5 7.7 7.1 6.8 6.2 6.3 0.1

Connecticut............................... 95 88 93 89 86 -3 5.3 4.9 5.2 5.0 4.8 -0.2

Delaware................................. 36 30 30 35 33 -2 7.0 5.8 5.8 6.7 6.3 -0.4

District of Columbia..................... 39 40 41 46 37 -9 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.6 4.6 -1.0

Florida..................................... 634 548 522 537 557 20 6.1 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.3 0.2

Georgia................................... 436 302 288 281 290 9 8.2 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.5 0.1

Hawaii..................................... 35 29 28 25 31 6 5.2 4.4 4.2 3.8 4.7 0.9

Idaho...................................... 54 52 51 50 51 1 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.6 0.1

Illinois..................................... 411 412 363 367 386 19 6.3 6.3 5.6 5.7 5.9 0.2

Indiana.................................... 169 161 157 160 178 18 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.7 5.2 0.5

Iowa....................................... 99 89 91 93 83 -10 5.9 5.3 5.4 5.5 4.9 -0.6

Kansas.................................... 90 87 85 80 84 4 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.5 0.3

Kentucky.................................. 133 116 118 116 114 -2 6.3 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.3 -0.1

Louisiana................................. 151 117 124 121 127 6 7.2 5.6 6.0 5.8 6.1 0.3

Maine..................................... 44 44 39 45 39 -6 6.4 6.3 5.6 6.4 5.6 -0.8

Maryland.................................. 199 177 169 206 188 -18 6.8 6.0 5.8 7.0 6.4 -0.6

Massachusetts........................... 259 228 232 218 222 4 6.5 5.7 5.9 5.5 5.6 0.1

Michigan.................................. 261 263 285 248 237 -11 5.6 5.6 6.0 5.3 5.0 -0.3

Minnesota................................ 192 209 198 182 175 -7 6.0 6.5 6.2 5.7 5.5 -0.2

Mississippi................................ 83 80 75 73 74 1 6.6 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.9 0.1

Missouri................................... 198 174 166 196 180 -16 6.3 5.5 5.2 6.1 5.6 -0.5

Montana.................................. 39 35 36 36 38 2 7.0 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.7 0.3

Nebraska................................. 65 61 58 56 59 3 5.9 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.3 0.3

Nevada.................................... 105 85 84 83 85 2 6.4 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 47 40 39 41 39 -2 6.3 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.2 -0.3

New Jersey............................... 268 224 221 207 211 4 5.8 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.6 0.1

New Mexico.............................. 63 57 56 55 60 5 6.8 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.4 0.5

New York................................. 429 467 474 517 501 -16 4.2 4.6 4.6 5.0 4.9 -0.1

North Carolina........................... 370 294 288 288 284 -4 7.0 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4 -0.1

North Dakota............................. 27 29 26 26 27 1 5.9 6.2 5.6 5.6 5.8 0.2

Ohio....................................... 309 323 328 327 303 -24 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.1 -0.4

Oklahoma................................. 123 109 108 115 118 3 6.6 5.9 5.8 6.1 6.2 0.1

Oregon.................................... 126 103 102 142 114 -28 6.0 4.9 4.9 6.7 5.5 -1.2

Pennsylvania............................. 421 381 365 365 379 14 6.5 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.8 0.2

Rhode Island............................. 33 30 31 28 33 5 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.2 6.1 0.9

South Carolina........................... 175 166 160 169 162 -7 7.1 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.4 -0.3

South Dakota............................ 29 29 28 27 29 2 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.8 0.3

Tennessee................................ 255 207 212 200 184 -16 7.2 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.3 -0.4

Texas..................................... 880 854 843 780 749 -31 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.0 -0.3

Utah....................................... 104 85 89 89 97 8 5.7 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.3 0.4

Vermont................................... 21 19 17 18 17 -1 6.4 5.8 5.2 5.5 5.2 -0.3

Virginia.................................... 329 254 263 269 267 -2 7.4 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.0 0.0

Washington............................... 203 168 165 175 183 8 5.3 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.8 0.2

West Virginia............................. 56 52 50 52 44 -8 7.4 6.8 6.5 6.7 5.7 -1.0

Wisconsin................................. 182 205 178 160 171 11 5.7 6.4 5.6 5.0 5.3 0.3

Wyoming.................................. 20 18 19 18 18 0 6.5 5.7 6.1 5.8 5.8 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,058 5,569 5,787 5,698 5,818 120 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.7 0.1

Alabama.................................. 99 83 101 91 94 3 4.6 3.8 4.6 4.2 4.3 0.1

Alaska..................................... 20 19 18 19 20 1 6.1 5.8 5.4 5.7 6.0 0.3

Arizona.................................... 138 115 131 126 125 -1 4.4 3.6 4.1 3.9 3.9 0.0

Arkansas.................................. 64 59 64 57 59 2 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.2 4.3 0.1

California................................. 592 457 533 501 527 26 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.8 2.9 0.1

Colorado.................................. 125 129 132 114 110 -4 4.3 4.4 4.5 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Connecticut............................... 55 55 63 63 63 0 3.3 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.0

Delaware................................. 25 23 25 26 24 -2 5.2 4.7 5.1 5.3 4.9 -0.4

District of Columbia..................... 25 24 25 24 25 1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.2 0.1

Florida..................................... 372 400 466 375 431 56 3.8 4.1 4.7 3.8 4.4 0.6

Georgia................................... 239 213 189 212 211 -1 4.9 4.3 3.8 4.3 4.3 0.0

Hawaii..................................... 23 17 20 18 22 4 3.6 2.7 3.2 2.8 3.5 0.7

Idaho...................................... 38 36 37 41 37 -4 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.8 4.3 -0.5

Illinois..................................... 252 226 217 213 188 -25 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.1 -0.4

Indiana.................................... 146 123 112 117 111 -6 4.5 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.4 -0.2

Iowa....................................... 61 55 48 60 54 -6 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.8 3.4 -0.4

Kansas.................................... 59 52 52 51 50 -1 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Kentucky.................................. 103 74 103 91 88 -3 5.2 3.7 5.1 4.5 4.3 -0.2

Louisiana................................. 104 90 94 92 96 4 5.3 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.9 0.2

Maine..................................... 25 24 23 23 29 6 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.5 4.4 0.9

Maryland.................................. 113 111 121 108 106 -2 4.1 4.0 4.4 3.9 3.9 0.0

Massachusetts........................... 128 104 107 102 115 13 3.4 2.7 2.9 2.7 3.1 0.4

Michigan.................................. 161 155 145 146 154 8 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 0.1

Minnesota................................ 107 112 106 116 106 -10 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.5 -0.4

Mississippi................................ 57 50 57 52 49 -3 4.8 4.3 4.8 4.4 4.1 -0.3

Missouri................................... 107 100 92 100 118 18 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.9 0.6

Montana.................................. 29 23 27 28 27 -1 5.6 4.4 5.1 5.3 5.1 -0.2

Nebraska................................. 48 38 35 38 37 -1 4.6 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Nevada.................................... 64 55 66 60 65 5 4.2 3.5 4.2 3.8 4.1 0.3

New Hampshire.......................... 28 28 26 27 29 2 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.1 0.3

New Jersey............................... 154 164 145 146 159 13 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.6 0.3

New Mexico.............................. 37 32 31 36 32 -4 4.3 3.7 3.5 4.1 3.6 -0.5

New York................................. 310 295 285 277 243 -34 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.5 -0.3

North Carolina........................... 219 164 177 197 203 6 4.5 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.1 0.1

North Dakota............................. 18 18 16 18 17 -1 4.2 4.1 3.6 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Ohio....................................... 201 180 191 193 225 32 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.4 4.0 0.6

Oklahoma................................. 81 76 83 80 84 4 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.7 0.2

Oregon.................................... 82 67 68 87 77 -10 4.1 3.4 3.4 4.4 3.9 -0.5

Pennsylvania............................. 182 196 171 227 196 -31 3.0 3.2 2.8 3.7 3.2 -0.5

Rhode Island............................. 21 20 20 19 23 4 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.5 0.8

South Carolina........................... 111 94 111 121 105 -16 4.9 4.0 4.8 5.2 4.5 -0.7

South Dakota............................ 20 19 18 20 20 0 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.3 0.0

Tennessee................................ 145 130 155 139 174 35 4.4 3.9 4.7 4.2 5.2 1.0

Texas..................................... 610 555 586 526 574 48 4.4 3.9 4.2 3.7 4.1 0.4

Utah....................................... 71 65 65 64 64 0 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.0

Vermont................................... 12 13 12 12 12 0 3.9 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 0.0

Virginia.................................... 177 161 165 169 177 8 4.3 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.2 0.2

Washington............................... 133 107 110 120 117 -3 3.7 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.2 -0.1

West Virginia............................. 35 30 35 38 36 -2 5.0 4.2 4.9 5.3 5.0 -0.3

Wisconsin................................. 111 103 95 105 96 -9 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.2 -0.3

Wyoming.................................. 15 13 13 14 14 0 5.2 4.4 4.4 4.8 4.8 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................... 5,833 5,413 5,419 5,449 5,559 110 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 0.0

Alabama.................................. 96 85 77 82 95 13 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.8 4.3 0.5

Alaska..................................... 19 17 21 17 20 3 5.8 5.2 6.3 5.1 6.0 0.9

Arizona.................................... 128 132 133 120 117 -3 4.1 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Arkansas.................................. 62 56 54 51 57 6 4.6 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.2 0.4

California................................. 592 513 542 506 491 -15 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.7 -0.1

Colorado.................................. 120 117 104 128 114 -14 4.1 4.0 3.5 4.3 3.8 -0.5

Connecticut............................... 51 51 58 53 59 6 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.5 0.4

Delaware................................. 25 21 20 24 23 -1 5.2 4.3 4.1 4.9 4.7 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 30 24 22 23 22 -1 3.9 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 -0.1

Florida..................................... 422 385 376 392 409 17 4.4 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.1 0.1

Georgia................................... 246 185 191 191 178 -13 5.0 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Hawaii..................................... 21 19 20 19 21 2 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.3 0.3

Idaho...................................... 39 42 39 41 43 2 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.8 5.0 0.2

Illinois..................................... 207 172 204 189 178 -11 3.4 2.8 3.3 3.1 2.9 -0.2

Indiana.................................... 140 132 127 123 117 -6 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Iowa....................................... 60 57 53 65 58 -7 3.8 3.6 3.3 4.1 3.6 -0.5

Kansas.................................... 54 52 53 58 49 -9 3.7 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.4 -0.6

Kentucky.................................. 93 76 71 79 79 0 4.7 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.9 0.0

Louisiana................................. 103 81 84 88 86 -2 5.3 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Maine..................................... 25 27 24 24 31 7 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.7 4.7 1.0

Maryland.................................. 129 89 92 99 106 7 4.7 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.9 0.3

Massachusetts........................... 105 102 102 96 108 12 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.9 0.3

Michigan.................................. 132 161 133 141 140 -1 3.0 3.6 3.0 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Minnesota................................ 98 106 95 95 135 40 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.2 4.5 1.3

Mississippi................................ 53 48 52 51 49 -2 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Missouri................................... 101 98 102 95 113 18 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.8 0.6

Montana.................................. 28 28 27 27 29 2 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.5 0.4

Nebraska................................. 34 38 38 45 37 -8 3.3 3.6 3.6 4.3 3.5 -0.8

Nevada.................................... 65 62 63 59 72 13 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.6 0.8

New Hampshire.......................... 25 24 24 27 32 5 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.8 4.5 0.7

New Jersey............................... 128 140 134 149 124 -25 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.4 2.8 -0.6

New Mexico.............................. 36 34 31 35 32 -3 4.2 3.9 3.5 4.0 3.6 -0.4

New York................................. 265 291 277 274 260 -14 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 -0.1

North Carolina........................... 197 167 181 180 174 -6 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1

North Dakota............................. 17 19 19 18 18 0 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 0.0

Ohio....................................... 199 188 187 173 199 26 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.5 0.4

Oklahoma................................. 84 63 64 72 70 -2 4.9 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Oregon.................................... 79 76 63 84 82 -2 4.0 3.8 3.2 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 170 190 178 177 189 12 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 0.2

Rhode Island............................. 18 19 20 19 22 3 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.3 0.6

South Carolina........................... 100 81 98 106 104 -2 4.4 3.5 4.2 4.5 4.4 -0.1

South Dakota............................ 18 23 19 21 19 -2 3.9 4.9 4.0 4.5 4.1 -0.4

Tennessee................................ 148 131 139 116 143 27 4.5 4.0 4.2 3.5 4.3 0.8

Texas..................................... 569 478 513 506 542 36 4.1 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.8 0.2

Utah....................................... 66 73 77 71 75 4 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.3 0.2

Vermont................................... 12 12 13 12 13 1 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.8 4.2 0.4

Virginia.................................... 153 141 147 155 152 -3 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Washington............................... 127 117 108 112 115 3 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 0.1

West Virginia............................. 37 29 33 33 29 -4 5.3 4.1 4.6 4.6 4.0 -0.6

Wisconsin................................. 97 110 102 113 116 3 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.8 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 15 15 15 14 15 1 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.1 0.3

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................... 3,964 3,516 3,439 3,446 3,484 38 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 0.0

Alabama.................................. 72 54 56 58 50 -8 3.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.3 -0.4

Alaska..................................... 12 11 13 11 13 2 3.7 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.9 0.6

Arizona.................................... 88 82 78 76 77 1 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 0.1

Arkansas.................................. 45 38 36 33 36 3 3.3 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.6 0.2

California................................. 384 310 315 316 324 8 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.0

Colorado.................................. 79 68 63 87 74 -13 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.9 2.5 -0.4

Connecticut............................... 33 30 34 31 33 2 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 0.1

Delaware................................. 17 13 14 15 14 -1 3.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 2.9 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 22 14 14 14 14 0 2.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.0

Florida..................................... 284 286 250 268 303 35 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.7 3.1 0.4

Georgia................................... 194 119 137 124 110 -14 4.0 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.2 -0.3

Hawaii..................................... 14 12 11 12 13 1 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.0 0.1

Idaho...................................... 25 27 24 26 28 2 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.2 0.2

Illinois..................................... 126 131 129 120 110 -10 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.8 -0.2

Indiana.................................... 95 81 67 75 76 1 2.9 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.3 0.0

Iowa....................................... 39 39 35 37 36 -1 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.2 -0.1

Kansas.................................... 36 36 34 31 32 1 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.2 0.1

Kentucky.................................. 68 51 49 54 52 -2 3.4 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Louisiana................................. 77 53 53 56 54 -2 4.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Maine..................................... 16 18 14 14 14 0 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.1 2.1 0.0

Maryland.................................. 87 57 60 62 63 1 3.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 0.0

Massachusetts........................... 67 52 60 55 57 2 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 0.0

Michigan.................................. 84 109 79 80 87 7 1.9 2.5 1.8 1.8 1.9 0.1

Minnesota................................ 65 76 65 53 63 10 2.2 2.5 2.2 1.8 2.1 0.3

Mississippi................................ 39 32 34 35 31 -4 3.3 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.6 -0.4

Missouri................................... 67 69 66 56 81 25 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.7 0.8

Montana.................................. 18 17 16 17 19 2 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.6 0.4

Nebraska................................. 22 26 24 24 24 0 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Nevada.................................... 44 37 37 35 45 10 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.9 0.7

New Hampshire.......................... 15 15 15 16 15 -1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1 -0.2

New Jersey............................... 84 74 78 71 66 -5 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 -0.1

New Mexico.............................. 23 22 18 22 21 -1 2.7 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.4 -0.1

New York................................. 168 174 161 154 158 4 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.0

North Carolina........................... 137 99 107 103 108 5 2.8 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 0.1

North Dakota............................. 11 13 12 10 11 1 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.5 0.2

Ohio....................................... 127 130 113 112 129 17 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.3 0.3

Oklahoma................................. 60 43 41 46 47 1 3.5 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.6 0.0

Oregon.................................... 50 52 40 52 51 -1 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.6 2.6 0.0

Pennsylvania............................. 100 126 129 122 109 -13 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 -0.2

Rhode Island............................. 12 12 11 11 12 1 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.3 0.2

South Carolina........................... 75 57 67 69 72 3 3.3 2.5 2.9 2.9 3.1 0.2

South Dakota............................ 11 16 12 12 12 0 2.4 3.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 0.0

Tennessee................................ 105 85 92 80 85 5 3.2 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.6 0.2

Texas..................................... 439 334 364 359 337 -22 3.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Utah....................................... 46 47 49 49 48 -1 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 0.0

Vermont................................... 8 8 8 7 6 -1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.2 1.9 -0.3

Virginia.................................... 109 93 95 102 92 -10 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2 -0.2

Washington............................... 80 71 64 71 75 4 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 0.1

West Virginia............................. 27 19 23 22 18 -4 3.9 2.7 3.2 3.1 2.5 -0.6

Wisconsin................................. 65 74 63 70 67 -3 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 -0.1

Wyoming.................................. 10 10 9 10 9 -1 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.1 -0.3

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................... 1,571 1,546 1,607 1,596 1,724 128 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1

Alabama.................................. 19 25 17 20 29 9 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.3 0.4

Alaska..................................... 6 5 7 5 5 0 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.5 0.0

Arizona.................................... 34 43 41 38 34 -4 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Arkansas.................................. 13 14 14 14 17 3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.2

California................................. 176 171 191 165 141 -24 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Colorado.................................. 34 39 33 34 34 0 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Connecticut............................... 16 17 18 19 19 0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Delaware................................. 6 6 5 8 7 -1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.4 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 6 7 6 6 5 -1 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 -0.2

Florida..................................... 118 83 103 105 98 -7 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Georgia................................... 42 54 42 52 57 5 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.1

Hawaii..................................... 6 6 7 5 6 1 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.1

Idaho...................................... 12 13 13 12 12 0 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.0

Illinois..................................... 68 35 63 52 59 7 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.1

Indiana.................................... 38 43 53 34 34 0 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.0 1.0 0.0

Iowa....................................... 17 14 15 18 18 0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.0

Kansas.................................... 15 13 15 16 14 -2 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Kentucky.................................. 21 20 18 20 22 2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.1

Louisiana................................. 22 22 24 25 27 2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.1

Maine..................................... 6 7 7 8 15 7 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 2.3 1.1

Maryland.................................. 33 25 25 27 34 7 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.2

Massachusetts........................... 32 39 32 34 38 4 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

Michigan.................................. 41 44 38 44 45 1 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.0

Minnesota................................ 28 24 26 27 65 38 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 2.2 1.3

Mississippi................................ 11 12 14 13 14 1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.1

Missouri................................... 29 22 29 28 25 -3 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Montana.................................. 8 9 9 8 8 0 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 0.0

Nebraska................................. 11 11 12 13 11 -2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Nevada.................................... 18 21 23 21 24 3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 0.2

New Hampshire.......................... 8 7 7 9 13 4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.8 0.5

New Jersey............................... 40 38 40 66 47 -19 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.1 -0.4

New Mexico.............................. 11 9 11 11 9 -2 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 -0.2

New York................................. 84 100 91 102 90 -12 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 -0.1

North Carolina........................... 51 58 62 68 55 -13 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.1 -0.3

North Dakota............................. 5 5 6 5 5 0 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.0

Ohio....................................... 62 49 63 39 57 18 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.3

Oklahoma................................. 19 15 18 22 18 -4 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Oregon.................................... 24 20 18 26 23 -3 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 64 46 39 48 55 7 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.1

Rhode Island............................. 6 6 6 7 9 2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.8 0.4

South Carolina........................... 19 20 26 31 26 -5 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.1 -0.2

South Dakota............................ 6 5 6 5 5 0 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.0

Tennessee................................ 34 38 38 28 50 22 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.5 0.7

Texas..................................... 106 128 125 124 181 57 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.4

Utah....................................... 17 23 21 18 23 5 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.3

Vermont................................... 4 3 4 4 5 1 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.6 0.3

Virginia.................................... 33 36 43 40 47 7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1

Washington............................... 41 40 37 34 34 0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

West Virginia............................. 8 8 7 8 8 0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 26 28 32 29 42 13 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.4

Wyoming.................................. 4 4 4 4 5 1 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.7 0.3

p Preliminary
Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 9,471 8,845 8,352 5.8 5.4 5.1

Alabama................................................................. 139 133 124 6.1 5.8 5.4

Alaska................................................................... 26 22 25 7.6 6.4 7.3

Arizona.................................................................. 187 162 174 5.6 4.8 5.1

Arkansas................................................................ 96 78 74 6.6 5.5 5.2

California................................................................ 939 775 757 5.0 4.2 4.1

Colorado................................................................ 256 198 202 8.2 6.3 6.4

Connecticut............................................................. 95 90 82 5.4 5.1 4.7

Delaware................................................................ 29 36 27 5.7 7.1 5.3

District of Columbia.................................................... 38 49 35 4.7 6.1 4.4

Florida................................................................... 612 525 545 5.9 5.1 5.2

Georgia.................................................................. 419 293 282 7.9 5.6 5.4

Hawaii................................................................... 37 27 34 5.5 4.1 5.1

Idaho.................................................................... 54 49 48 6.1 5.5 5.4

Illinois.................................................................... 394 361 370 6.1 5.7 5.8

Indiana.................................................................. 158 151 167 4.7 4.5 4.9

Iowa..................................................................... 91 91 75 5.5 5.5 4.5

Kansas.................................................................. 87 83 81 5.7 5.5 5.3

Kentucky................................................................ 127 115 107 6.0 5.5 5.0

Louisiana................................................................ 145 134 123 7.0 6.4 6.0

Maine.................................................................... 42 45 35 6.2 6.7 5.2

Maryland................................................................ 198 233 192 6.8 8.0 6.6

Massachusetts......................................................... 250 210 209 6.4 5.4 5.4

Michigan................................................................ 243 246 215 5.3 5.3 4.6

Minnesota............................................................... 179 179 157 5.8 5.7 5.0

Mississippi.............................................................. 79 70 70 6.3 5.6 5.6

Missouri................................................................. 189 193 170 6.1 6.1 5.4

Montana................................................................. 32 34 31 6.0 6.1 5.7

Nebraska................................................................ 60 60 55 5.5 5.4 5.0

Nevada.................................................................. 105 83 84 6.4 5.1 5.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 45 44 36 6.1 6.0 4.9

New Jersey............................................................. 268 218 202 5.9 4.8 4.5

New Mexico............................................................ 58 56 55 6.3 6.1 5.9

New York............................................................... 431 515 490 4.3 5.1 4.8

North Carolina.......................................................... 357 284 277 6.8 5.5 5.3

North Dakota........................................................... 25 24 25 5.5 5.4 5.4

Ohio..................................................................... 306 320 285 5.3 5.5 4.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 109 123 108 6.0 6.5 5.7

Oregon.................................................................. 123 156 108 5.9 7.5 5.2

Pennsylvania........................................................... 424 380 374 6.6 5.9 5.8

Rhode Island........................................................... 35 27 34 6.6 5.2 6.3

South Carolina......................................................... 169 185 156 6.9 7.4 6.3

South Dakota........................................................... 27 25 27 5.7 5.3 5.6

Tennessee.............................................................. 245 202 177 6.9 5.8 5.1

Texas.................................................................... 821 754 701 5.6 5.1 4.7

Utah..................................................................... 99 97 91 5.5 5.3 5.0

Vermont................................................................. 19 19 15 5.8 5.8 4.6

Virginia.................................................................. 316 272 258 7.1 6.2 5.8

Washington............................................................. 195 182 175 5.2 4.8 4.6

West Virginia........................................................... 53 53 39 7.1 7.0 5.2

Wisconsin............................................................... 171 170 152 5.5 5.4 4.8

Wyoming................................................................ 16 16 14 5.4 5.3 4.8

p Preliminary
Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 5,070 5,522 4,861 3.3 3.6 3.1

Alabama................................................................. 82 86 79 3.9 4.0 3.6

Alaska................................................................... 15 17 16 4.6 5.3 4.9

Arizona.................................................................. 117 134 110 3.7 4.1 3.4

Arkansas................................................................ 56 55 53 4.2 4.1 3.9

California................................................................ 506 476 465 2.8 2.7 2.6

Colorado................................................................ 99 110 90 3.4 3.8 3.0

Connecticut............................................................. 41 57 47 2.4 3.4 2.8

Delaware................................................................ 18 25 16 3.7 5.3 3.4

District of Columbia.................................................... 21 24 22 2.8 3.1 2.9

Florida................................................................... 331 377 393 3.4 3.8 4.0

Georgia.................................................................. 206 213 183 4.2 4.3 3.7

Hawaii................................................................... 21 19 21 3.3 3.1 3.2

Idaho.................................................................... 30 38 31 3.6 4.5 3.6

Illinois.................................................................... 212 203 145 3.5 3.4 2.4

Indiana.................................................................. 125 103 90 3.9 3.2 2.8

Iowa..................................................................... 46 53 42 2.9 3.4 2.6

Kansas.................................................................. 50 50 44 3.5 3.5 3.0

Kentucky................................................................ 82 83 70 4.1 4.1 3.5

Louisiana................................................................ 92 98 84 4.7 5.0 4.3

Maine.................................................................... 17 21 20 2.7 3.3 3.1

Maryland................................................................ 93 108 85 3.4 4.0 3.2

Massachusetts......................................................... 91 93 82 2.5 2.5 2.2

Michigan................................................................ 138 137 134 3.2 3.1 3.0

Minnesota............................................................... 73 101 75 2.5 3.4 2.5

Mississippi.............................................................. 47 50 40 4.0 4.3 3.4

Missouri................................................................. 90 98 102 3.1 3.3 3.4

Montana................................................................. 20 24 20 3.9 4.7 3.8

Nebraska................................................................ 39 41 31 3.8 3.9 3.0

Nevada.................................................................. 55 62 60 3.6 4.0 3.8

New Hampshire........................................................ 21 26 22 3.0 3.7 3.1

New Jersey............................................................. 124 124 128 2.9 2.9 3.0

New Mexico............................................................ 29 35 26 3.4 4.0 3.0

New York............................................................... 247 250 191 2.6 2.6 2.0

North Carolina.......................................................... 188 193 183 3.9 3.9 3.7

North Dakota........................................................... 14 17 14 3.3 3.8 3.1

Ohio..................................................................... 152 173 181 2.8 3.1 3.3

Oklahoma............................................................... 65 82 69 3.8 4.7 3.9

Oregon.................................................................. 65 88 64 3.3 4.6 3.3

Pennsylvania........................................................... 135 219 146 2.2 3.6 2.4

Rhode Island........................................................... 18 16 20 3.6 3.3 4.0

South Carolina......................................................... 99 124 91 4.4 5.4 3.9

South Dakota........................................................... 15 16 15 3.3 3.5 3.2

Tennessee.............................................................. 123 137 156 3.7 4.2 4.7

Texas.................................................................... 513 537 490 3.7 3.9 3.5

Utah..................................................................... 57 71 53 3.4 4.1 3.1

Vermont................................................................. 9 12 9 2.9 3.9 2.9

Virginia.................................................................. 142 160 147 3.5 3.9 3.5

Washington............................................................. 105 132 97 2.9 3.7 2.7

West Virginia........................................................... 26 37 27 3.7 5.2 3.7

Wisconsin............................................................... 90 105 75 3.0 3.5 2.5

Wyoming................................................................ 9 11 9 3.3 4.0 3.3

p Preliminary
Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 4,788 5,797 4,538 3.1 3.7 2.9

Alabama................................................................. 76 82 75 3.6 3.8 3.4

Alaska................................................................... 11 13 12 3.3 4.1 3.7

Arizona.................................................................. 103 127 93 3.3 3.9 2.9

Arkansas................................................................ 53 53 48 3.9 3.9 3.5

California................................................................ 499 565 416 2.8 3.2 2.3

Colorado................................................................ 92 119 90 3.2 4.1 3.0

Connecticut............................................................. 37 60 48 2.2 3.6 2.8

Delaware................................................................ 19 28 17 4.1 6.0 3.6

District of Columbia.................................................... 24 26 18 3.1 3.4 2.3

Florida................................................................... 357 417 355 3.7 4.2 3.6

Georgia.................................................................. 209 199 149 4.3 4.1 3.0

Hawaii................................................................... 17 23 18 2.7 3.6 2.8

Idaho.................................................................... 28 40 31 3.4 4.8 3.7

Illinois.................................................................... 179 204 149 3.0 3.4 2.5

Indiana.................................................................. 108 126 91 3.4 3.9 2.8

Iowa..................................................................... 47 63 46 3.0 4.0 2.9

Kansas.................................................................. 44 61 40 3.1 4.2 2.7

Kentucky................................................................ 78 90 68 4.0 4.5 3.4

Louisiana................................................................ 92 88 74 4.8 4.5 3.8

Maine.................................................................... 19 25 24 3.1 3.9 3.7

Maryland................................................................ 106 118 88 3.9 4.4 3.3

Massachusetts......................................................... 79 100 82 2.1 2.7 2.2

Michigan................................................................ 104 154 110 2.4 3.5 2.5

Minnesota............................................................... 75 98 94 2.6 3.3 3.2

Mississippi.............................................................. 45 50 40 3.9 4.2 3.4

Missouri................................................................. 86 98 98 2.9 3.3 3.3

Montana................................................................. 19 25 22 3.7 4.8 4.2

Nebraska................................................................ 27 53 30 2.6 5.1 2.9

Nevada.................................................................. 53 64 63 3.5 4.1 4.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 18 27 23 2.5 3.9 3.3

New Jersey............................................................. 96 176 94 2.3 4.1 2.2

New Mexico............................................................ 29 35 26 3.3 4.0 2.9

New York............................................................... 202 309 203 2.1 3.2 2.1

North Carolina.......................................................... 177 185 147 3.7 3.8 3.0

North Dakota........................................................... 13 18 13 3.0 4.2 3.1

Ohio..................................................................... 159 177 164 2.9 3.2 2.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 73 77 61 4.3 4.4 3.5

Oregon.................................................................. 64 84 68 3.2 4.3 3.5

Pennsylvania........................................................... 127 197 149 2.1 3.3 2.5

Rhode Island........................................................... 13 21 18 2.6 4.2 3.5

South Carolina......................................................... 80 117 82 3.5 5.0 3.5

South Dakota........................................................... 14 20 14 3.1 4.5 3.0

Tennessee.............................................................. 127 134 118 3.9 4.1 3.6

Texas.................................................................... 474 510 451 3.4 3.7 3.2

Utah..................................................................... 50 77 57 2.9 4.5 3.3

Vermont................................................................. 8 11 10 2.7 3.5 3.1

Virginia.................................................................. 128 159 126 3.1 3.8 3.0

Washington............................................................. 105 123 98 2.9 3.4 2.7

West Virginia........................................................... 33 33 24 4.8 4.7 3.4

Wisconsin............................................................... 76 127 92 2.6 4.3 3.1

Wyoming................................................................ 11 13 11 4.0 4.4 3.9

p Preliminary
Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 3,223 3,303 2,759 2.1 2.1 1.8

Alabama................................................................. 55 55 38 2.6 2.5 1.7

Alaska................................................................... 7 8 9 2.1 2.5 2.7

Arizona.................................................................. 70 75 61 2.2 2.3 1.9

Arkansas................................................................ 38 33 29 2.8 2.4 2.1

California................................................................ 302 307 265 1.7 1.7 1.5

Colorado................................................................ 61 79 60 2.1 2.7 2.0

Connecticut............................................................. 25 30 25 1.5 1.8 1.5

Delaware................................................................ 13 15 10 2.7 3.2 2.1

District of Columbia.................................................... 16 16 10 2.1 2.1 1.3

Florida................................................................... 238 250 261 2.4 2.5 2.6

Georgia.................................................................. 162 123 92 3.3 2.5 1.9

Hawaii................................................................... 11 13 11 1.8 2.1 1.8

Idaho.................................................................... 18 24 21 2.1 2.8 2.4

Illinois.................................................................... 108 116 83 1.8 1.9 1.4

Indiana.................................................................. 72 68 57 2.2 2.1 1.8

Iowa..................................................................... 31 31 28 2.0 2.0 1.8

Kansas.................................................................. 28 28 23 2.0 1.9 1.6

Kentucky................................................................ 54 58 41 2.7 2.9 2.0

Louisiana................................................................ 65 51 43 3.4 2.6 2.2

Maine.................................................................... 12 13 10 2.0 2.1 1.6

Maryland................................................................ 70 67 51 2.6 2.5 1.9

Massachusetts......................................................... 53 53 44 1.4 1.5 1.2

Michigan................................................................ 62 73 65 1.4 1.7 1.5

Minnesota............................................................... 52 48 48 1.8 1.6 1.6

Mississippi.............................................................. 32 32 23 2.7 2.8 2.0

Missouri................................................................. 55 54 69 1.9 1.8 2.3

Montana................................................................. 12 15 14 2.4 2.9 2.7

Nebraska................................................................ 17 25 19 1.7 2.4 1.8

Nevada.................................................................. 34 38 38 2.2 2.4 2.5

New Hampshire........................................................ 12 14 11 1.7 2.0 1.5

New Jersey............................................................. 64 65 48 1.5 1.5 1.1

New Mexico............................................................ 18 21 17 2.1 2.4 1.9

New York............................................................... 132 151 125 1.4 1.6 1.3

North Carolina.......................................................... 120 87 88 2.5 1.8 1.8

North Dakota........................................................... 8 8 8 1.9 1.9 1.8

Ohio..................................................................... 101 100 105 1.8 1.8 1.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 47 46 38 2.7 2.6 2.1

Oregon.................................................................. 40 49 42 2.1 2.5 2.1

Pennsylvania........................................................... 75 122 81 1.2 2.0 1.3

Rhode Island........................................................... 8 11 8 1.7 2.2 1.7

South Carolina......................................................... 58 72 55 2.5 3.1 2.4

South Dakota........................................................... 8 10 8 1.8 2.3 1.8

Tennessee.............................................................. 87 82 68 2.6 2.5 2.1

Texas.................................................................... 345 346 259 2.5 2.5 1.8

Utah..................................................................... 34 50 36 2.0 2.9 2.1

Vermont................................................................. 5 6 4 1.7 1.8 1.4

Virginia.................................................................. 89 97 71 2.2 2.3 1.7

Washington............................................................. 67 77 66 1.9 2.2 1.8

West Virginia........................................................... 23 21 14 3.3 2.9 2.0

Wisconsin............................................................... 51 65 52 1.7 2.2 1.7

Wyoming................................................................ 7 8 7 2.5 2.8 2.4

p Preliminary
Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 1,301 2,032 1,462 0.8 1.3 0.9

Alabama................................................................. 16 21 23 0.7 1.0 1.0

Alaska................................................................... 3 4 2 0.9 1.3 0.7

Arizona.................................................................. 28 44 27 0.9 1.4 0.8

Arkansas................................................................ 12 15 15 0.9 1.1 1.1

California................................................................ 171 232 131 1.0 1.3 0.7

Colorado................................................................ 26 33 26 0.9 1.1 0.9

Connecticut............................................................. 10 26 16 0.6 1.5 0.9

Delaware................................................................ 5 11 5 1.1 2.4 1.1

District of Columbia.................................................... 6 7 5 0.7 0.9 0.6

Florida................................................................... 98 148 83 1.0 1.5 0.8

Georgia.................................................................. 36 53 49 0.7 1.1 1.0

Hawaii................................................................... 5 7 5 0.8 1.2 0.8

Idaho.................................................................... 9 14 9 1.1 1.7 1.0

Illinois.................................................................... 62 71 59 1.0 1.2 1.0

Indiana.................................................................. 30 42 28 0.9 1.3 0.9

Iowa..................................................................... 13 22 15 0.8 1.4 0.9

Kansas.................................................................. 14 21 13 0.9 1.4 0.9

Kentucky................................................................ 19 25 20 1.0 1.3 1.0

Louisiana................................................................ 22 28 25 1.1 1.4 1.3

Maine.................................................................... 5 10 11 0.7 1.6 1.7

Maryland................................................................ 27 38 27 1.0 1.4 1.0

Massachusetts......................................................... 20 39 27 0.5 1.1 0.7

Michigan................................................................ 36 61 39 0.8 1.4 0.9

Minnesota............................................................... 19 34 42 0.6 1.2 1.4

Mississippi.............................................................. 10 14 12 0.9 1.2 1.0

Missouri................................................................. 27 32 23 0.9 1.1 0.8

Montana................................................................. 6 8 6 1.1 1.5 1.2

Nebraska................................................................ 8 18 9 0.8 1.7 0.9

Nevada.................................................................. 16 23 22 1.0 1.5 1.4

New Hampshire........................................................ 5 11 10 0.7 1.6 1.4

New Jersey............................................................. 29 96 36 0.7 2.2 0.8

New Mexico............................................................ 9 12 7 1.0 1.3 0.8

New York............................................................... 60 139 67 0.6 1.4 0.7

North Carolina.......................................................... 49 87 49 1.0 1.8 1.0

North Dakota........................................................... 4 7 5 1.0 1.6 1.1

Ohio..................................................................... 50 57 48 0.9 1.0 0.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 21 26 18 1.2 1.5 1.0

Oregon.................................................................. 19 28 19 1.0 1.5 1.0

Pennsylvania........................................................... 48 66 49 0.8 1.1 0.8

Rhode Island........................................................... 4 9 8 0.7 1.8 1.6

South Carolina......................................................... 17 37 20 0.8 1.6 0.9

South Dakota........................................................... 5 7 4 1.1 1.4 1.0

Tennessee.............................................................. 29 41 41 0.9 1.3 1.3

Texas.................................................................... 103 139 170 0.7 1.0 1.2

Utah..................................................................... 13 22 18 0.8 1.3 1.0

Vermont................................................................. 2 5 4 0.8 1.5 1.3

Virginia.................................................................. 28 45 42 0.7 1.1 1.0

Washington............................................................. 32 38 27 0.9 1.1 0.8

West Virginia........................................................... 7 9 8 1.1 1.3 1.1

Wisconsin............................................................... 20 46 36 0.7 1.5 1.2

Wyoming................................................................ 3 4 4 1.2 1.4 1.3

p Preliminary