For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, May 1, 2024 USDL-24-0793 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2024 

The number of job openings changed little at 8.5 million on the last business day of March, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires changed little at 5.5 

million while the number of total separations decreased to 5.2 million. Within separations, quits 

(3.3 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of 

the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and 

by establishment size class. 

Job Openings

On the last business day of March, the number of job openings changed little at 8.5 million; this 

measure was down by 1.1 million over the year. The rate was little changed at 5.1 percent in March. Job 

openings decreased in construction (-182,000) and in finance and insurance (-158,000), but increased in 

state and local government education (+68,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In March, the number of hires was little changed at 5.5 million but was down by 455,000 over the year. 

The rate, at 3.5 percent, changed little in March. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm.
- 2 -

The number of total separations in March decreased to 5.2 million (-339,000). The rate changed little at 

3.3 percent. Over the month, the number of total separations increased in private educational services 

(+21,000). (See table 3.)

In March, the number of quits was little changed at 3.3 million but was down by 480,000 over the year. 

The rate was little changed at 2.1 percent in March. The number of quits decreased in other services 

(-59,000). (See table 4.)

In March, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.5 million and 1.0 percent, 

respectively. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation 

(-39,000) but increased in private educational services (+18,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in March at 345,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In March, establishments with 1 to 9 employees and establishments with 5,000 or more employees saw 

little change in their job openings rate, hires rate, and total separations rate. (See table 7.)

February 2024 Revisions

The number of job openings for February was revised up by 57,000 to 8.8 million, the number of hires 

was revised down by 37,000 to 5.8 million, and the number of total separations was revised down by 

20,000 to 5.5 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 43,000 to 3.5 million

and the number of layoffs and discharges was revised down by 43,000 to 1.7 million. (Monthly revisions 

result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published 

estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for April 2024 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, June 4, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 9,623 8,813 8,488 5,955 5,781 5,500 5,917 5,539 5,200

Total private....................................... 8,576 7,894 7,530 5,563 5,382 5,109 5,571 5,203 4,866

Mining and logging............................. 33 33 32 24 20 21 27 18 21

Construction.................................... 291 456 274 414 400 341 437 370 326

Manufacturing.................................. 693 587 570 384 324 323 410 338 330

Durable goods............................... 434 379 353 215 176 182 223 183 185

Nondurable goods........................... 260 208 217 169 148 141 187 155 145

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,409 1,072 1,064 1,157 1,130 1,027 1,203 1,097 994

Wholesale trade............................. 306 166 204 147 163 142 146 156 137

Retail trade................................... 719 604 540 685 676 644 732 677 625

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 385 301 320 325 292 242 325 264 231

Information...................................... 150 126 169 110 89 85 92 85 77

Financial activities.............................. 502 677 533 195 193 185 184 200 182

Finance and insurance..................... 362 515 357 118 115 111 113 122 115

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 139 162 176 77 79 74 70 78 67

Professional and business services......... 1,736 1,526 1,485 1,077 1,092 1,075 1,087 1,073 1,042

Private education and health services. . . . .. 1,938 1,952 1,944 861 860 858 818 762 747

Private educational services............... 190 141 163 94 82 92 96 69 90

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,748 1,811 1,781 767 778 765 723 693 657

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,456 1,143 1,153 1,100 1,060 1,009 1,089 1,059 991

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 224 168 144 182 207 178 176 211 173

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 1,232 975 1,009 918 852 830 913 848 818

Other services.................................. 368 322 306 240 214 186 225 202 157

Government....................................... 1,047 919 958 392 399 391 346 336 333

Federal.......................................... 129 150 143 46 45 43 37 33 34

State and local................................. 918 769 815 346 354 348 309 303 300

State and local education.................. 319 255 323 168 160 166 152 143 151

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 600 515 492 177 194 182 157 160 148

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 5.8 5.3 5.1 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.3

Total private....................................... 6.1 5.5 5.3 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.2 3.9 3.6

Mining and logging............................. 5.0 4.9 4.7 3.8 3.2 3.2 4.2 2.9 3.3

Construction.................................... 3.5 5.3 3.2 5.2 4.9 4.1 5.5 4.5 4.0

Manufacturing.................................. 5.1 4.3 4.2 3.0 2.5 2.5 3.2 2.6 2.5

Durable goods............................... 5.1 4.5 4.2 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.2 2.3

Nondurable goods........................... 5.1 4.1 4.3 3.5 3.1 2.9 3.8 3.2 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.7 3.6 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.5 4.2 3.8 3.4

Wholesale trade............................. 4.8 2.6 3.2 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.2

Retail trade................................... 4.4 3.7 3.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.7 4.3 4.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 5.1 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.1 3.4 4.5 3.7 3.2

Information...................................... 4.7 4.0 5.3 3.6 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.6

Financial activities.............................. 5.2 6.8 5.5 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.0

Finance and insurance..................... 5.1 7.1 5.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 5.4 6.1 6.6 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.7

Professional and business services......... 7.1 6.2 6.1 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.5

Private education and health services. . . . .. 7.2 7.0 6.9 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.9

Private educational services............... 4.8 3.5 4.0 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.5 1.8 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 7.6 7.6 7.4 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................ 8.1 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.6 6.3 5.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 8.3 6.0 5.2 7.4 7.9 6.7 7.1 8.0 6.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 8.1 6.4 6.6 6.6 6.0 5.8 6.5 6.0 5.7

Other services.................................. 6.0 5.2 4.9 4.1 3.6 3.2 3.9 3.4 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Government....................................... 4.4 3.8 4.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4

Federal.......................................... 4.2 4.8 4.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1

State and local................................. 4.5 3.7 3.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local education.................. 3.0 2.3 2.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 6.1 5.1 4.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 

industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 

North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists, and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work; and positions to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings—that is, all filled and 

unfilled jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability, and deaths.

Excluded from separations measures are transfers 

within the same location; employees on strike; and 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. 

The sampling frame is made up of 

establishments from two sources: the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the 

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The QCEW 

database contains establishments that cover 

approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in 

the United States. This database is a compilation of 

administrative data from state unemployment 

insurance (UI) programs and federal government 

establishments covered by the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) 

program. A frame of railroad establishments is 

provided by the FRA. This is added to the QCEW 

database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame.

The JOLTS estimation method involves the 

following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, 

item nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking 

and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and 

death model estimation, estimates review and outlier 

selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and 

variance estimates. Establishment size class levels are 

also produced. Detailed information about the 

estimation method can be found in the Handbook of 

Methods at 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through 

which the JOLTS weighted employment for each 

estimation cell is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells 

are benchmarked monthly to the current employment 

level from the BLS Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked

to ensure that JOLTS weighted employment is equal 

to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many new establishments fail within the 

first year, referred to as a death. Because new and 

short-lived universe establishments cannot be 

reflected in the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, 

and separations from these establishments during 

their early existence. BLS has developed a 

birth/death model that uses establishment birth and 

death activity from previous years as collected by the 

QCEW and projects forward to the present using 

over-the-year change in the CES. The birth/death 

model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate 

the amount of churn (meaning the rates of hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate 

the number of hires and separations that take place in 

these establishments that cannot be measured through 

sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences between the two surveys, as well as 

sampling and nonsampling errors, historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.
Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the 

seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) 

is used to seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each 

month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 

including the current month, to calculate new 

seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are 

used as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. 

JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive 

and multiplicative models, as well as regression with 

autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to 

improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 

beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The

JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the 

issuance of data for January. Five years of data are 

subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 

1) benchmarks based on CES employment estimates 

newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal 

adjustment factors, and 3) any needed special 

adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels for each data element by the

sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment 

levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error. 

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. Sampling error estimates are available 

at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Total............................................... 9,623 8,889 8,748 8,813 8,488 -325 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1 -0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 8,576 7,884 7,903 7,894 7,530 -364 6.1 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.3 -0.2

Mining and logging......................... 33 32 29 33 32 -1 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.9 4.7 -0.2

Construction................................ 291 434 425 456 274 -182 3.5 5.1 5.0 5.3 3.2 -2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 693 586 596 587 570 -17 5.1 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 434 408 348 379 353 -26 5.1 4.8 4.1 4.5 4.2 -0.3

Nondurable goods....................... 260 179 248 208 217 9 5.1 3.6 4.9 4.1 4.3 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,409 1,318 1,047 1,072 1,064 -8 4.7 4.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 306 230 207 166 204 38 4.8 3.6 3.3 2.6 3.2 0.6

Retail trade............................... 719 710 546 604 540 -64 4.4 4.4 3.4 3.7 3.3 -0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 385 378 293 301 320 19 5.1 5.0 4.0 4.1 4.3 0.2

Information.................................. 150 177 202 126 169 43 4.7 5.5 6.3 4.0 5.3 1.3

Financial activities......................... 502 482 540 677 533 -144 5.2 5.0 5.5 6.8 5.5 -1.3

Finance and insurance................. 362 317 365 515 357 -158 5.1 4.5 5.1 7.1 5.0 -2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 139 165 175 162 176 14 5.4 6.2 6.5 6.1 6.6 0.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,736 1,579 1,570 1,526 1,485 -41 7.1 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.1 -0.1

Private education and health services... 1,938 1,956 2,049 1,952 1,944 -8 7.2 7.0 7.3 7.0 6.9 -0.1

Private educational services........... 190 173 146 141 163 22 4.8 4.3 3.6 3.5 4.0 0.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,748 1,783 1,904 1,811 1,781 -30 7.6 7.5 7.9 7.6 7.4 -0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,456 1,003 1,123 1,143 1,153 10 8.1 5.6 6.3 6.4 6.4 0.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 224 157 168 168 144 -24 8.3 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.2 -0.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,232 847 955 975 1,009 34 8.1 5.6 6.3 6.4 6.6 0.2

Other services.............................. 368 316 321 322 306 -16 6.0 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.9 -0.3

Government................................... 1,047 1,005 846 919 958 39 4.4 4.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 0.2

Federal...................................... 129 166 149 150 143 -7 4.2 5.3 4.8 4.8 4.6 -0.2

State and local............................. 918 838 697 769 815 46 4.5 4.0 3.3 3.7 3.9 0.2

State and local education.............. 319 280 261 255 323 68 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.9 0.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 600 558 436 515 492 -23 6.1 5.6 4.4 5.1 4.9 -0.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,562 1,512 1,528 1,514 1,536 22 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.2 0.1

South........................................... 3,976 3,504 3,492 3,448 3,407 -41 6.4 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.4 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 1,983 1,963 1,921 1,920 1,808 -112 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.1 -0.3

West............................................ 2,101 1,909 1,807 1,931 1,737 -194 5.5 4.9 4.7 5.0 4.5 -0.5

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Total............................................... 5,955 5,787 5,698 5,781 5,500 -281 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5 -0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,563 5,384 5,309 5,382 5,109 -273 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Mining and logging......................... 24 18 24 20 21 1 3.8 2.8 3.8 3.2 3.2 0.0

Construction................................ 414 357 390 400 341 -59 5.2 4.4 4.8 4.9 4.1 -0.8

Manufacturing.............................. 384 371 383 324 323 -1 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.5 0.0

Durable goods........................... 215 199 220 176 182 6 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.2 2.2 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 169 172 163 148 141 -7 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.1 2.9 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,157 1,110 1,007 1,130 1,027 -103 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.9 3.5 -0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 147 180 158 163 142 -21 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.3 -0.3

Retail trade............................... 685 628 602 676 644 -32 4.4 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 325 302 247 292 242 -50 4.5 4.2 3.5 4.1 3.4 -0.7

Information.................................. 110 83 81 89 85 -4 3.6 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Financial activities......................... 195 209 207 193 185 -8 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Finance and insurance................. 118 123 130 115 111 -4 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 77 86 77 79 74 -5 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,077 1,086 1,088 1,092 1,075 -17 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 -0.1

Private education and health services... 861 872 862 860 858 -2 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 0.0

Private educational services........... 94 100 88 82 92 10 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.4 0.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 767 772 773 778 765 -13 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,100 1,068 1,053 1,060 1,009 -51 6.7 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.0 -0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 182 185 183 207 178 -29 7.4 7.1 7.0 7.9 6.7 -1.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 918 883 870 852 830 -22 6.6 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.8 -0.2

Other services.............................. 240 210 214 214 186 -28 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.2 -0.4

Government................................... 392 403 390 399 391 -8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.0

Federal...................................... 46 43 44 45 43 -2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 -0.1

State and local............................. 346 361 345 354 348 -6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 -0.1

State and local education.............. 168 180 166 160 166 6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 177 181 180 194 182 -12 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 940 852 895 848 889 41 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.2 0.2

South........................................... 2,464 2,557 2,398 2,574 2,291 -283 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.3 3.9 -0.4

Midwest........................................ 1,236 1,127 1,177 1,137 1,148 11 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 0.0

West............................................ 1,314 1,251 1,229 1,222 1,173 -49 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 -0.1

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Total............................................... 5,917 5,419 5,449 5,539 5,200 -339 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 -0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,571 5,060 5,124 5,203 4,866 -337 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Mining and logging......................... 27 19 23 18 21 3 4.2 2.9 3.5 2.9 3.3 0.4

Construction................................ 437 335 353 370 326 -44 5.5 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.0 -0.5

Manufacturing.............................. 410 364 368 338 330 -8 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.5 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 223 192 210 183 185 2 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.3 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 187 172 158 155 145 -10 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,203 1,058 1,052 1,097 994 -103 4.2 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.4 -0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 146 173 164 156 137 -19 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.2 -0.3

Retail trade............................... 732 584 567 677 625 -52 4.7 3.7 3.6 4.3 4.0 -0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 325 300 321 264 231 -33 4.5 4.2 4.5 3.7 3.2 -0.5

Information.................................. 92 67 76 85 77 -8 3.0 2.2 2.5 2.8 2.6 -0.2

Financial activities......................... 184 203 193 200 182 -18 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.0 -0.2

Finance and insurance................. 113 124 125 122 115 -7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 -0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 70 80 68 78 67 -11 2.9 3.2 2.7 3.1 2.7 -0.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,087 1,054 1,102 1,073 1,042 -31 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.5 -0.2

Private education and health services... 818 755 741 762 747 -15 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 0.0

Private educational services........... 96 86 82 69 90 21 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.3 0.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 723 669 659 693 657 -36 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,089 1,003 1,002 1,059 991 -68 6.6 6.0 6.0 6.3 5.9 -0.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 176 158 151 211 173 -38 7.1 6.1 5.8 8.0 6.5 -1.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 913 845 851 848 818 -30 6.5 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.7 -0.3

Other services.............................. 225 202 215 202 157 -45 3.9 3.4 3.7 3.4 2.7 -0.7

Government................................... 346 360 325 336 333 -3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0

Federal...................................... 37 39 33 33 34 1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

State and local............................. 309 321 292 303 300 -3 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.0

State and local education.............. 152 164 145 143 151 8 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 157 156 148 160 148 -12 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 877 830 831 841 860 19 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 0.1

South........................................... 2,472 2,215 2,248 2,294 2,103 -191 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.5 -0.4

Midwest........................................ 1,217 1,132 1,137 1,154 1,100 -54 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

West............................................ 1,351 1,243 1,233 1,250 1,136 -114 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.1 -0.3

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Total............................................... 3,809 3,439 3,446 3,527 3,329 -198 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,602 3,237 3,251 3,330 3,145 -185 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Mining and logging......................... 15 11 13 12 13 1 2.4 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.9 0.1

Construction................................ 146 149 151 152 157 5 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 266 233 229 201 189 -12 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 143 123 134 109 102 -7 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 123 110 95 92 87 -5 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.8 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 857 684 657 733 659 -74 3.0 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 101 122 92 96 89 -7 1.7 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.4 -0.2

Retail trade............................... 549 408 379 481 428 -53 3.5 2.6 2.4 3.1 2.7 -0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 207 154 186 156 142 -14 2.9 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.0 -0.2

Information.................................. 41 28 53 50 42 -8 1.3 0.9 1.7 1.7 1.4 -0.3

Financial activities......................... 116 134 121 132 117 -15 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Finance and insurance................. 65 83 86 86 81 -5 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 51 52 36 46 36 -10 2.1 2.1 1.4 1.8 1.4 -0.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 644 594 569 617 626 9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 0.0

Private education and health services... 608 540 523 554 539 -15 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 0.0

Private educational services........... 59 62 58 53 56 3 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 548 478 465 501 483 -18 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 771 738 790 736 720 -16 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 72 77 66 76 78 2 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.9 0.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 698 660 724 659 642 -17 5.0 4.6 5.1 4.6 4.5 -0.1

Other services.............................. 140 125 145 143 84 -59 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.4 1.4 -1.0

Government................................... 207 203 195 197 184 -13 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.0

Federal...................................... 17 18 16 15 15 0 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0

State and local............................. 190 185 179 182 168 -14 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

State and local education.............. 92 101 91 92 81 -11 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 98 84 88 89 87 -2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 530 510 481 477 516 39 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 0.1

South........................................... 1,704 1,493 1,501 1,522 1,419 -103 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Midwest........................................ 776 698 680 716 730 14 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 0.1

West............................................ 799 738 783 811 664 -147 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.8 -0.4

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Total............................................... 1,825 1,607 1,596 1,681 1,526 -155 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,740 1,508 1,527 1,592 1,437 -155 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Mining and logging......................... 10 5 8 6 7 1 1.6 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.1

Construction................................ 282 173 187 208 145 -63 3.6 2.1 2.3 2.5 1.8 -0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 125 110 118 117 114 -3 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0

Durable goods........................... 67 56 64 62 65 3 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 57 54 54 55 49 -6 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 293 318 288 286 268 -18 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 36 43 44 50 45 -5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 -0.1

Retail trade............................... 155 142 136 139 151 12 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 101 133 108 97 72 -25 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.0 -0.4

Information.................................. 44 32 17 27 33 6 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.2

Financial activities......................... 53 48 65 46 44 -2 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.0

Finance and insurance................. 34 27 34 24 21 -3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 19 22 30 22 23 1 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 395 361 461 398 364 -34 1.7 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.6 -0.1

Private education and health services... 177 161 154 162 170 8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.1

Private educational services........... 32 20 21 10 28 18 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 145 141 133 151 142 -9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 291 239 183 301 235 -66 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.4 -0.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 99 75 83 132 93 -39 4.0 2.9 3.2 5.0 3.5 -1.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 192 163 99 169 142 -27 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Other services.............................. 72 61 46 41 58 17 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.3

Government................................... 85 99 69 88 88 0 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0

Federal...................................... 7 8 6 6 7 1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local............................. 79 90 64 82 81 -1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0

State and local education.............. 40 44 33 35 49 14 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 38 46 31 47 32 -15 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 -0.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 307 245 296 290 279 -11 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

South........................................... 654 589 610 672 548 -124 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Midwest........................................ 398 358 309 360 300 -60 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 -0.2

West............................................ 465 415 381 359 400 41 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb.

2024 -

Mar.

2024p

Total............................................... 283 373 407 332 345 13 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 229 315 346 281 283 2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 1 2 1 1 2 1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Construction................................ 9 13 14 10 24 14 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 19 21 21 20 27 7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Durable goods........................... 13 12 12 12 18 6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 6 9 9 8 9 1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 53 55 107 78 67 -11 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 9 8 28 10 3 -7 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Retail trade............................... 28 35 51 57 46 -11 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 16 13 28 10 18 8 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2

Information.................................. 8 6 6 8 3 -5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 -0.2

Financial activities......................... 15 21 7 22 20 -2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Finance and insurance................. 15 14 5 11 12 1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 1 7 2 11 8 -3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 47 99 72 58 53 -5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Private education and health services... 34 54 64 46 37 -9 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Private educational services........... 4 3 3 6 5 -1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 30 50 61 40 32 -8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 28 27 30 23 36 13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 4 5 2 3 2 -1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 24 21 28 20 34 14 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Other services.............................. 14 17 25 18 15 -3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0

Government................................... 54 58 61 51 62 11 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

Federal...................................... 13 12 11 12 12 0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0

State and local............................. 40 46 49 39 50 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local education.............. 20 19 21 15 21 6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 20 27 29 24 29 5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 40 76 54 74 66 -8 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

South........................................... 114 133 137 100 137 37 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Midwest........................................ 43 75 147 77 70 -7 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

West............................................ 87 89 69 80 72 -8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb. 2024 -

Mar. 2024p

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Change

from:

Feb. 2024 -

Mar. 2024p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private.......................... 8,576 7,884 7,903 7,894 7,530 -364 6.1 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.3 -0.2

1 to 9 employees.................. 1,374 1,885 1,898 1,828 1,726 -102 6.1 7.7 8.1 7.9 7.5 -0.4

10 to 49 employees............... 2,776 2,070 2,173 2,035 2,052 17 5.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 -0.1

50 to 249 employees............. 2,473 2,068 2,015 2,241 2,031 -210 6.1 5.1 5.0 5.3 4.9 -0.4

250 to 999 employees............ 1,050 1,018 1,024 983 902 -81 5.8 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.4 -0.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 624 577 545 551 560 9 7.1 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.9 0.2

5,000 or more employees........ 279 266 248 258 259 1 6.2 5.6 5.0 4.9 4.9 0.0

HIRES

Total private.......................... 5,563 5,384 5,309 5,382 5,109 -273 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.8 -0.2

1 to 9 employees.................. 875 981 821 810 828 18 4.1 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.9 0.1

10 to 49 employees............... 1,795 1,600 1,672 1,781 1,695 -86 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.1 -0.4

50 to 249 employees............. 1,771 1,681 1,660 1,664 1,534 -130 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.2 3.9 -0.3

250 to 999 employees............ 744 735 750 714 656 -58 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 306 306 324 331 315 -16 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 -0.1

5,000 or more employees........ 71 82 82 81 81 0 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 0.0

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................... 5,571 5,060 5,124 5,203 4,866 -337 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.6 -0.3

1 to 9 employees.................. 810 745 789 735 694 -41 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.2 -0.3

10 to 49 employees............... 1,923 1,622 1,672 1,691 1,670 -21 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.1 -0.2

50 to 249 employees............. 1,790 1,596 1,580 1,738 1,540 -198 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.4 3.9 -0.5

250 to 999 employees............ 660 728 754 689 610 -79 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.1 -0.4

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 324 308 263 280 277 -3 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.1 0.0

5,000 or more employees........ 63 60 66 70 76 6 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 0.1

QUITS

Total private........................ 3,602 3,237 3,251 3,330 3,145 -185 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 -0.2

1 to 9 employees............... 434 483 508 477 460 -17 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.2 0.0

10 to 49 employees............ 1,284 1,076 1,114 1,157 1,116 -41 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.7 -0.2

50 to 249 employees........... 1,231 1,051 991 1,077 990 -87 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.5 -0.2

250 to 999 employees......... 422 424 440 417 384 -33 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 -0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 191 164 157 161 151 -10 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 -0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 40 40 41 41 44 3 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.1

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private........................ 1,740 1,508 1,527 1,592 1,437 -155 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 -0.1

1 to 9 employees............... 313 179 226 209 171 -38 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.8 -0.2

10 to 49 employees............ 572 445 397 444 479 35 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.1

50 to 249 employees........... 506 480 523 588 460 -128 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 -0.3

250 to 999 employees......... 220 268 279 234 203 -31 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.0 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 113 123 85 99 105 6 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 16 14 17 18 20 2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private........................ 229 315 346 281 283 2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 63 83 55 49 62 13 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

10 to 49 employees............ 67 101 160 89 76 -13 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 249 employees........... 54 65 67 73 90 17 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

250 to 999 employees......... 18 37 35 39 23 -16 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 20 22 21 20 21 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 8 7 9 11 12 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Total..................................................................... 9,477 8,430 8,304 5.8 5.1 5.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 8,413 7,553 7,337 6.0 5.4 5.2

Mining and logging............................................... 36 32 34 5.4 4.8 5.1

Construction....................................................... 318 434 295 4.0 5.2 3.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 691 572 572 5.1 4.2 4.2

Durable goods.................................................. 431 375 353 5.1 4.4 4.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 260 198 219 5.1 4.0 4.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,300 1,020 986 4.4 3.4 3.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 296 164 208 4.6 2.6 3.3

Retail trade..................................................... 616 564 459 3.8 3.5 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 388 292 319 5.2 4.0 4.3

Information........................................................ 152 130 171 4.8 4.2 5.4

Financial activities................................................ 456 611 492 4.8 6.3 5.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 335 473 336 4.8 6.6 4.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 121 139 156 4.8 5.3 6.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,759 1,473 1,477 7.2 6.1 6.1

Private education and health services......................... 1,834 1,866 1,819 6.8 6.7 6.5

Private educational services.................................. 184 136 160 4.5 3.3 3.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,650 1,730 1,659 7.2 7.3 7.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,515 1,099 1,198 8.6 6.3 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 302 218 197 11.6 8.3 7.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,213 881 1,001 8.1 6.0 6.7

Other services.................................................... 353 315 292 5.8 5.1 4.8

Government.......................................................... 1,063 877 967 4.4 3.6 3.9

Federal............................................................. 144 135 154 4.8 4.3 4.9

State and local.................................................... 919 743 813 4.4 3.5 3.8

State and local education..................................... 306 233 310 2.7 2.1 2.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 613 510 503 6.3 5.2 5.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,550 1,448 1,530 5.3 4.9 5.2

South................................................................. 3,916 3,320 3,354 6.3 5.4 5.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,976 1,815 1,759 5.7 5.2 5.0

West.................................................................. 2,034 1,848 1,661 5.3 4.8 4.3

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Total..................................................................... 5,446 4,855 4,932 3.5 3.1 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,156 4,558 4,642 3.9 3.4 3.5

Mining and logging............................................... 26 18 22 4.1 2.9 3.5

Construction....................................................... 433 346 360 5.6 4.4 4.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 366 292 294 2.8 2.3 2.3

Durable goods.................................................. 211 162 174 2.6 2.0 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 155 130 120 3.2 2.7 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,002 924 880 3.5 3.2 3.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 144 142 133 2.4 2.3 2.2

Retail trade..................................................... 630 574 585 4.1 3.7 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 228 207 161 3.2 2.9 2.3

Information........................................................ 98 78 78 3.2 2.6 2.6

Financial activities................................................ 163 165 147 1.8 1.8 1.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 102 103 90 1.5 1.5 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 62 62 57 2.6 2.5 2.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,034 971 1,032 4.6 4.3 4.5

Private education and health services......................... 757 748 711 3.0 2.9 2.7

Private educational services.................................. 61 54 60 1.5 1.3 1.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 697 695 651 3.3 3.1 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,072 834 969 6.7 5.1 5.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 182 140 183 8.0 5.8 7.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 889 694 786 6.5 5.0 5.6

Other services.................................................... 205 181 149 3.6 3.1 2.5

Government.......................................................... 291 297 290 1.3 1.3 1.2

Federal............................................................. 40 35 37 1.4 1.2 1.2

State and local.................................................... 251 263 252 1.3 1.3 1.2

State and local education..................................... 101 112 96 0.9 1.0 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 150 150 157 1.6 1.6 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 871 644 821 3.2 2.3 2.9

South................................................................. 2,275 2,237 2,073 3.9 3.8 3.5

Midwest............................................................... 1,141 919 1,034 3.5 2.8 3.1

West.................................................................. 1,159 1,056 1,004 3.2 2.9 2.7

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Total..................................................................... 5,233 4,535 4,502 3.4 2.9 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,977 4,312 4,256 3.8 3.2 3.2

Mining and logging............................................... 23 20 19 3.7 3.2 3.0

Construction....................................................... 381 324 266 5.0 4.1 3.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 422 296 331 3.3 2.3 2.6

Durable goods.................................................. 235 160 191 2.9 2.0 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 187 136 140 3.9 2.8 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,061 899 848 3.7 3.1 3.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 142 151 127 2.3 2.5 2.1

Retail trade..................................................... 613 540 518 4.0 3.5 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 306 208 203 4.3 2.9 2.9

Information........................................................ 82 77 71 2.7 2.6 2.4

Financial activities................................................ 161 163 147 1.8 1.8 1.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 102 101 95 1.5 1.5 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 59 61 51 2.4 2.5 2.1

Professional and business services............................ 988 964 958 4.4 4.2 4.2

Private education and health services......................... 741 660 668 2.9 2.5 2.5

Private educational services.................................. 61 48 59 1.6 1.2 1.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 680 612 609 3.2 2.8 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 908 759 805 5.7 4.7 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 98 95 107 4.3 4.0 4.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 810 663 698 5.9 4.8 5.0

Other services.................................................... 209 152 142 3.6 2.6 2.4

Government.......................................................... 256 223 246 1.1 0.9 1.0

Federal............................................................. 31 28 28 1.1 1.0 0.9

State and local.................................................... 225 194 218 1.1 0.9 1.1

State and local education..................................... 90 78 90 0.8 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 135 116 128 1.5 1.2 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 703 650 700 2.6 2.3 2.5

South................................................................. 2,318 1,932 1,913 4.0 3.3 3.2

Midwest............................................................... 1,048 920 924 3.2 2.8 2.8

West.................................................................. 1,164 1,033 965 3.2 2.8 2.6

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Total..................................................................... 3,466 2,814 2,972 2.2 1.8 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,297 2,672 2,825 2.5 2.0 2.1

Mining and logging............................................... 13 12 11 2.1 1.9 1.8

Construction....................................................... 126 117 139 1.6 1.5 1.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 278 178 191 2.2 1.4 1.5

Durable goods.................................................. 154 96 107 1.9 1.2 1.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 123 82 85 2.5 1.7 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 784 573 585 2.7 2.0 2.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 102 92 86 1.7 1.5 1.4

Retail trade..................................................... 473 358 358 3.1 2.3 2.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 209 123 141 3.0 1.7 2.0

Information........................................................ 35 45 35 1.1 1.5 1.2

Financial activities................................................ 99 104 97 1.1 1.1 1.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 55 66 70 0.8 1.0 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 44 38 27 1.8 1.6 1.1

Professional and business services............................ 578 504 577 2.6 2.2 2.5

Private education and health services......................... 566 475 498 2.3 1.8 1.9

Private educational services.................................. 42 37 40 1.1 0.9 1.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 524 438 458 2.5 2.0 2.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 672 555 605 4.2 3.4 3.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 50 48 57 2.2 2.0 2.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 622 506 547 4.5 3.7 3.9

Other services.................................................... 146 109 86 2.5 1.9 1.5

Government.......................................................... 169 142 147 0.7 0.6 0.6

Federal............................................................. 16 14 13 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local.................................................... 153 128 134 0.8 0.6 0.6

State and local education..................................... 60 55 52 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 93 73 82 1.0 0.8 0.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 444 359 440 1.6 1.3 1.6

South................................................................. 1,612 1,247 1,304 2.8 2.1 2.2

Midwest............................................................... 678 550 632 2.1 1.7 1.9

West.................................................................. 732 658 596 2.0 1.8 1.6

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Total..................................................................... 1,516 1,426 1,218 1.0 0.9 0.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,470 1,382 1,168 1.1 1.0 0.9

Mining and logging............................................... 9 7 6 1.4 1.2 1.0

Construction....................................................... 247 197 103 3.2 2.5 1.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 127 102 115 1.0 0.8 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 69 54 68 0.9 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 58 48 47 1.2 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 226 246 197 0.8 0.9 0.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 30 50 37 0.5 0.8 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 115 119 116 0.7 0.8 0.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 80 77 44 1.1 1.1 0.6

Information........................................................ 41 22 35 1.4 0.7 1.2

Financial activities................................................ 51 38 37 0.6 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 36 23 19 0.5 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 14 15 18 0.6 0.6 0.7

Professional and business services............................ 364 414 335 1.6 1.8 1.5

Private education and health services......................... 146 145 141 0.6 0.6 0.5

Private educational services.................................. 17 7 16 0.4 0.2 0.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 128 138 125 0.6 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 211 185 159 1.3 1.1 1.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 44 45 48 1.9 1.9 1.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 167 139 111 1.2 1.0 0.8

Other services.................................................... 49 25 40 0.8 0.4 0.7

Government.......................................................... 47 44 50 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 5 5 5 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local.................................................... 42 39 44 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 20 16 27 0.2 0.1 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 22 23 18 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 226 225 205 0.8 0.8 0.7

South................................................................. 612 593 492 1.1 1.0 0.8

Midwest............................................................... 332 305 224 1.0 0.9 0.7

West.................................................................. 347 303 297 1.0 0.8 0.8

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Total..................................................................... 251 295 312 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 210 258 263 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 1 1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Construction....................................................... 9 9 25 0.1 0.1 0.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 17 16 24 0.1 0.1 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 11 10 17 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 5 7 8 0.1 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 51 80 66 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 10 9 4 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 25 63 44 0.2 0.4 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 16 8 18 0.2 0.1 0.3

Information........................................................ 6 9 2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Financial activities................................................ 11 20 13 0.1 0.2 0.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 11 12 6 0.2 0.2 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 0 8 6 0.0 0.3 0.3

Professional and business services............................ 46 46 45 0.2 0.2 0.2

Private education and health services......................... 29 40 29 0.1 0.2 0.1

Private educational services.................................. 2 4 3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 27 36 26 0.1 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 24 19 41 0.1 0.1 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 2 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 21 17 40 0.2 0.1 0.3

Other services.................................................... 15 18 16 0.3 0.3 0.3

Government.......................................................... 41 36 49 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 11 10 9 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 30 27 40 0.2 0.1 0.2

State and local education..................................... 11 7 11 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 19 20 29 0.2 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 33 66 54 0.1 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 95 92 117 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 38 64 68 0.1 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 86 73 73 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2024

Mar.

2024p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private............................................................ 8,413 7,553 7,337 6.0 5.4 5.2

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 1,305 1,700 1,592 5.8 7.5 7.0

10 to 49 employees................................................. 2,661 1,928 1,986 5.8 4.7 4.7

50 to 249 employees............................................... 2,459 2,103 2,001 6.1 5.1 4.9

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 1,054 961 909 5.8 4.7 4.5

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 647 588 584 7.4 6.1 6.2

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 287 272 267 6.5 5.2 5.1

HIRES

Total private............................................................ 5,156 4,558 4,642 3.9 3.4 3.5

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 769 642 713 3.7 3.1 3.4

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,658 1,504 1,554 3.8 3.8 3.8

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,711 1,443 1,462 4.6 3.7 3.8

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 687 604 572 4.0 3.1 3.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 266 296 270 3.3 3.3 3.0

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 65 68 71 1.6 1.4 1.4

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private............................................................ 4,977 4,312 4,256 3.8 3.2 3.2

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 702 594 575 3.3 2.8 2.7

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,585 1,416 1,373 3.6 3.6 3.4

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,678 1,435 1,409 4.5 3.7 3.6

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 646 573 571 3.8 2.9 3.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 308 238 257 3.8 2.7 2.9

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 57 56 71 1.4 1.1 1.4

QUITS

Total private.......................................................... 3,297 2,672 2,825 2.5 2.0 2.1

1 to 9 employees................................................. 381 365 393 1.8 1.7 1.9

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 1,102 932 951 2.5 2.4 2.3

50 to 249 employees............................................. 1,184 862 938 3.2 2.2 2.4

250 to 999 employees........................................... 401 340 352 2.4 1.7 1.8

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 192 139 150 2.4 1.6 1.7

5,000 or more employees....................................... 37 34 41 0.9 0.7 0.8

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private.......................................................... 1,470 1,382 1,168 1.1 1.0 0.9

1 to 9 employees................................................. 264 193 126 1.3 0.9 0.6

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 419 394 350 1.0 1.0 0.9

50 to 249 employees............................................. 447 505 390 1.2 1.3 1.0

250 to 999 employees........................................... 226 195 196 1.3 1.0 1.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 100 81 89 1.2 0.9 1.0

5,000 or more employees....................................... 13 14 17 0.3 0.3 0.3

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................................................... 210 258 263 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 9 employees................................................. 57 36 57 0.3 0.2 0.3

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 64 91 73 0.1 0.2 0.2

50 to 249 employees............................................. 46 68 80 0.1 0.2 0.2

250 to 999 employees........................................... 20 38 23 0.1 0.2 0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 16 18 17 0.2 0.2 0.2

5,000 or more employees....................................... 8 8 13 0.2 0.2 0.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.