# Patent

## Title
Conductive polymer material and substrate

## Abstract

The present invention provides a conductive polymer material including (A) a π-conjugated polymer, (B) a dopant polymer which contains a repeating unit having a sulfo group and has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000, and (C) either or both of sulfonium salt compounds represented by the following general formulae (1-1) and (1-2). There can be provided a conductive polymer material that has low acidity, can suppress the gradual agglomeration of particles, and has excellent solution-stability.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a conductive polymer material and a substrate having a conductive film formed thereon by using the conductive polymer material.
Description of the Related Art
A polymer having a conjugated double bond (i.e. π-conjugated polymer) does not show a conductivity by itself; however, if the polymer is doped with an appropriate anionic molecule, it can express a conductivity, thereby giving a conductive polymer material (i.e. conductive polymer composition). As to the π-conjugated polymer, polyacetylene; (hetero) aromatic polymers such as polythiophene, polyselenophene, polytellurophene, polypyrrole, and polyaniline; a mixture thereof, etc., are used; and as to the anionic molecule (dopant), an anion of sulfonic acid type is most commonly used. This is because a sulfonic acid, which is a strong acid, can efficiently interact with the aforementioned π-conjugated polymers.
As to the anionic dopant of sulfonic acid type, sulfonic acid polymers such as polyvinyl sulfonic acid and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) are widely used (Patent Document 1). The sulfonic acid polymer includes a vinylperfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid typified by Nafion (registered trademark), which is used for a fuel cell.
Polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS), which is a homopolymer of a sulfonic acid, has a sulfonic acid as a repeated monomer unit in the polymer main chain, so that it has a high doping effect to the π-conjugated polymer, and also can enhance water-dispersibility of the π-conjugated polymer after being doped. This is because the hydrophilicity is kept due to the sulfo groups excessively present in PSS, and the dispersibility into water is therefore enhanced dramatically.
Polythiophene having PSS as a dopant exhibits high conductivity and can be handled as an aqueous dispersion, so that it is expected to be used as a coating-type conductive film material in place of ITO (indium-tin oxide). As mentioned above, however, PSS is a water-soluble resin, and is hardly soluble in an organic solvent. Accordingly, the polythiophene having PSS as a dopant also has a high hydrophilicity, but a low affinity to an organic solvent and an organic substrate, and thus, it is difficult to disperse it into an organic solvent or to form a film onto an organic substrate.
Besides, when the polythiophene having PSS as a dopant is used in, for example, a conductive film for an organic EL lighting, a large quantity of water tends to remain in the conductive film and the conductive film thus formed tends to absorb moisture from an outside atmosphere since the polythiophene having PSS as a dopant has an extremely high hydrophilicity as mentioned above. As a result, the problems arise that the luminous body of the organic EL chemically changes, thereby the light emitting capability is deteriorated, and that water agglomerates over time and defects are caused, which results in shortening of the lifetime of the whole organic EL device. Furthermore, there arise other problems in the polythiophene having PSS as a dopant that particles in the aqueous dispersion becomes large, the film surface becomes rough after the film formation, and a non-light emitting region, called dark spot, is caused when used for the organic EL lighting.
In addition, since the polythiophene having PSS as a dopant has an absorption at a wavelength of about 500 nm in the blue region, in the case that this material is used as a film coating a transparent substrate such as a transparent electrode, there arises another problem that when the conductivity required for the device to function is made up by the solid concentration or the thickness of the film, transmittance of the film is affected.
Furthermore, with respect to quantitative relation between the π-conjugated polymer and the dopant polymer in the polythiophene having PSS as a dopant, the molar amount of sulfo groups in PSS exceeds the molar amount of thiophene. Thus, the excess sulfo groups having high hydrophilicity give a water-dispersibility to the conductive composite, and therefore an aqueous dispersion of the conductive polymer shows strong acidity. However, a strongly acidic aqueous solution has a high corrosiveness to metal, so that it is necessary to be handled with care.
To neutralize a strongly acidic aqueous solution, there has been proposed a method of adding a basic compound as a conductive material composition (Patent Documents 2 and 3). These documents disclose addition of a basic compound having an amino group, for example.
Patent Document 4 discloses a conductive polymer composition composed of a conductive polymer which contains a π-conjugated polymer formed of a repeating unit selected from thiophene, selenophene, tellurophene, pyrrole, aniline, and a polycyclic aromatic compound, and a fluorinated acid polymer which can be wetted by an organic solvent and 50% or more of which is neutralized by a cation. As the cation, there is mentioned alkaline metals such as lithium and sodium, and amine compounds.
However, the above-mentioned cation and amine compound cause the problem that the conductivity is lowered although they can neutralize the solution when used for neutralization. Therefore, it has been desired to develop a conductive material whose conductivity is not lowered and which can give a neutral solution.
Also, an aqueous dispersion of the polythiophene having PSS as a dopant contains agglomerates of particles. After the polymerization of the composite of the polythiophene having PSS as a dopant, the particles need to be pulverized by a disperser, however, the particles become large over time. This is considered because the agglomerate grows by ionic bond between the particles of the PSS-polythiophene composite. If the particles become large, striation occurs at the time of applying the conductive solution by spin coating or other method, and a flat film cannot be obtained, which causes dark spot when applied to organic EL lighting. Accordingly, it has been desired to develop a conductive solution material that does not cause the gradual agglomeration.
Moreover, the polythiophene having PSS as a dopant can also be used as a hole injection layer. In this case, the hole injection layer is provided between a transparent electrode such as ITO and a light-emitting layer. The hole injection layer does not require high conductivity since the under transparent electrode ensures the conductivity. For the hole injection layer, no occurrence of dark spot and high hole-transporting ability are required.
PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS
Patent Documents
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2008-146913
Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-321840
Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2014-15550
Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent No. 5264723
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As mentioned above, there is a problem that when a composite formed from the dopant polymer having a sulfo group and the π-conjugated polymer is dispersed in water, the obtained conductive polymer solution has strong acidity and the particles thereof are agglomerated over time.
The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a conductive polymer material which has low acidity, can suppress the gradual agglomeration of particles, and has excellent solution-stability.
To accomplish the object, the present invention provides a conductive polymer material comprising:
(A) a π-conjugated polymer;
(B) a dopant polymer which contains a repeating unit having a sulfo group and has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000; and
(C) either or both of sulfonium salt compounds represented by the following general formulae (1-1) and (1-2),




wherein R1, R2, and R3 independently represent a halogen atom, an amino group that contains an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, alkenyl group, oxoalkyl group, or oxoalkenyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group or aryloxoalkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, in which these groups may contain an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group, a halogen atom, an ester group, an ether group, or a thioether group; R1 and R2 may form a ring together with each other, and when the ring is formed, R1 and R2 represent an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R4, R5, and R6 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; K− represents a hydroxide ion, a chloride ion, a bromide ion, a carbonate ion, a hydrogen carbonate ion, a nitrate ion, a carboxylate ion, a sulfonate ion, or a sulfinate ion; and when K− is a carboxylate ion, K− may be substituted for any of R1, R2, and R3 to form an inner salt.

The conductive polymer material as mentioned above has low acidity, can suppress the gradual agglomeration of particles, and has excellent solution-stability.
The component (B) preferably has a sulfo group whose α-position is fluorinated and/or a sulfo group bonded to a fluorinated aromatic group.
The polymer like this is preferred as component (B), and the composite of this dopant polymer and the π-conjugated polymer of component (A) not only allows improvement in filterability and film-formability by spin coating but also allows improvement in flatness and transparency in the visible light region after film formation.
In addition, the component (B) preferably contains one or more repeating units selected from “a1” to “a4” represented by the following general formula (2),




wherein R7, R9, R12, and R14 each represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R8, R10, and R13 each represent a single bond, an ester group, or a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and optionally having either or both of an ether group and an ester group; R11 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in which 1 or 2 hydrogen atoms in R11 may be substituted with a fluorine atom; R15 represents a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group; Z1 and Z2 each represent a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, or an ester group; Z3 represents a single bond, a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an ether group, or an ester group; Z4 represents a single bond or an ester group; provided that when Z2 is a phenylene group, R10 does not contain an ether group; “p” is an integer of 1 to 4; and “a1”, “a2”, “a3”, and “a4” are each a number satisfying 0≦a1≦1.0, 0≦a2≦1.0, 0≦a3≦1.0, 0≦a4≦1.0, and 0≦a1+a2+a3+a4≦1.0.

The polymer like this is preferred as component (B), and it can improve the material in filterability, film-formability, affinity to an organic solvent and an organic substrate, and transparency after film formation.
Also, the component (B) preferably contains a repeating unit “b” represented by the following general formula (3),




wherein “b” is a number satisfying 0<b≦1.0.

By containing the repeating unit “b”, the conductivity can be further enhanced.
Also, the component (B) is preferably a block copolymer.
If the component (B) is a block copolymer, the conductivity can be further enhanced.
The component (A) is preferably a polymer formed by polymerization of one or more precursor monomers selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, thiophene, selenophene, tellurophene, aniline, a polycyclic aromatic compound, and a derivative thereof.
Such monomers can be readily polymerized, and have excellent stability in air; and thus, the component (A) can be readily synthesized.
The conductive polymer material preferably has dispersibility in water or in an organic solvent.
In addition, the present invention provides a substrate having a conductive film formed thereon by using the above-mentioned conductive polymer material.
Thus, the conductive polymer material of the present invention can give a conductive film by applying it onto a substrate or the like to form a film thereon.
Also, in the present invention, the conductive polymer material may be applied onto the substrate or the like to form a film thereon, and then exposed to a light having a wavelength of 140 to 400 nm or an electron beam, whereby conductivity can be enhanced.
Further, the conductive film thus formed has excellent conductivity and transparency, so that it may function as a transparent electrode layer.
As mentioned above, in the conductive polymer material of the present invention, the dopant polymer of the component (B) which contains a strongly acidic sulfo group forms a composite together with the π-conjugated polymer of the component (A), and the sulfonium salt compound of the component (C) was added thereto, whereby acidity of solution is lowered, the gradual agglomeration of particles can be suppressed, and low corrosiveness, low viscosity, excellent solution-stability, good filterability, and superior film-formability by spin coating are provided. In addition, when a film is formed from the inventive material, a conductive film excellent in transparency, flatness, smoothness, durability, and conductivity can be obtained. Further, the conductive polymer material has good film-formability onto both an organic substrate and an inorganic substrate.
In addition, the conductive film formed by the conductive polymer material has excellent conductivity, transparency, and the like, so that this film may function as a transparent electrode layer.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As mentioned above, it has been desired to develop a conductive film-forming material which has low acidity, can suppress the gradual agglomeration of particles, and has excellent solution-stability.
The present inventors has diligently studied to accomplish the above-mentioned objects and consequently found the following. When polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS), which has been widely used as a dopant of a conductive polymer material, or a polymer having a repeating unit that contains a sulfo group whose α-position is fluorinated and/or a sulfo group bonded to a fluorinated aromatic group is used as a dopant polymer, this strongly acidic dopant polymer highly interacts with the π-conjugated polymer, and thereby the conductive material expresses a conductivity. When a sulfonium salt compound is added to this conductive material, the strongly acidic sulfo group is neutralized, which leads to a low corrosiveness; and in addition, the agglomeration of the conductive polymer composite is suppressed, and therefore excellent film-smoothness after film formation can be maintained over time. Furthermore, by decomposing the sulfonium salt compound by photo-exposure after film formation, conductivity can be enhanced. From the above findings, they brought the present invention to completion.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[(A) π-Conjugated Polymer]
The conductive polymer material of the present invention contains a π-conjugated polymer as component (A). The component (A) may be a polymer obtained by polymerization of a precursor monomer (i.e. organic monomer molecule) to form a π-conjugated chain which is a structure having a single bond and a double bond alternately and successively.
Illustrative examples of the precursor monomer include monocyclic aromatic compounds such as pyrroles, thiophenes, thiophene vinylenes, selenophenes, tellurophenes, phenylenes, phenylene vinylenes, and anilines; polycyclic aromatic compounds such as acenes; and acetylenes. A homopolymer or a copolymer of these monomers can be used as the component (A).
Among these monomers, in view of easiness in polymerization and stability in air, pyrrole, thiophene, selenophene, tellurophene, aniline, a polycyclic aromatic compound, and a derivative thereof are preferable. Particularly preferable are pyrrole, thiophene, aniline, and a derivative thereof, though not limited thereto.
If the conductive polymer material of the present invention particularly contains polythiophene as the component (A), it is expected to be developed into the application to touch panel, organic EL display, organic EL lighting, etc., because of its high conductivity and high transparency in the visible light. On the other hand, if the conductive polymer material of the present invention contains polyaniline as the component (A), it is difficultly applied to display and so on since its absorption in the visible light is larger and the conductivity thereof is lower compared with the case of containing polythiophene, but it can be considered to use it for a condenser or a top coat of the resist upper layer film to prevent electric charge in the EB lithography since it can be readily spin-coated because of low viscosity.
The component (A) may attain a sufficient conductivity even if the monomers which will constitute the π-conjugated polymer is not substituted; however, in order to further enhance the conductivity, monomers substituted with an alkyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, or the like may also be used.
Illustrative examples of the monomers of pyrroles, thiophenes, and anilines include pyrrole, N-methyl pyrrole, 3-methyl pyrrole, 3-ethyl pyrrole, 3-n-propyl pyrrole, 3-butyl pyrrole, 3-octyl pyrrole, 3-decyl pyrrole, 3-dodecyl pyrrole, 3,4-dimethyl pyrrole, 3,4-dibutyl pyrrole, 3-carboxy pyrrole, 3-methyl-4-carboxy pyrrole, 3-methyl-4-carboxyethyl pyrrole, 3-methyl-4-carboxybutyl pyrrole, 3-hydroxy pyrrole, 3-methoxy pyrrole, 3-ethoxy pyrrole, 3-butoxy pyrrole, 3-hexyloxy pyrrole, and 3-methyl-4-hexyloxy pyrrole; thiophene, 3-methyl thiophene, 3-ethyl thiophene, 3-propyl thiophene, 3-butyl thiophene, 3-hexyl thiophene, 3-heptyl thiophene, 3-octyl thiophene, 3-decyl thiophene, 3-dodecyl thiophene, 3-octadecyl thiophene, 3-bromo thiophene, 3-chloro thiophene, 3-iodo thiophene, 3-cyano thiophene, 3-phenyl thiophene, 3,4-dimethyl thiophene, 3,4-dibutyl thiophene, 3-hydroxy thiophene, 3-methoxy thiophene, 3-ethoxy thiophene, 3-butoxy thiophene, 3-hexyloxy thiophene, 3-heptyloxy thiophene, 3-octyloxy thiophene, 3-decyloxy thiophene, 3-dodecyloxy thiophene, 3-octadecyloxy thiophene, 3,4-dihydroxy thiophene, 3,4-dimethoxy thiophene, 3,4-diethoxy thiophene, 3,4-dipropoxy thiophene, 3,4-dibutoxy thiophene, 3,4-dihexyloxy thiophene, 3,4-diheptyloxy thiophene, 3,4-dioctyloxy thiophene, 3,4-didecyloxy thiophene, 3,4-didodecyloxy thiophene, 3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene, 3,4-ethylenedithio thiophene, 3,4-propylenedioxy thiophene, 3,4-butenedioxy thiophene, 3-methyl-4-methoxy thiophene, 3-methyl-4-ethoxy thiophene, 3-carboxy thiophene, 3-methyl-4-carboxy thiophene, 3-methyl-4-carboxymethyl thiophene, 3-methyl-4-carboxyethyl thiophene, 3-methyl-4-carboxybutyl thiophene, 3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene, 3,4-(2,2-diethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene, (2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methanol; aniline, 2-methyl aniline, 3-methyl aniline, 2-ethyl aniline, 3-ethyl aniline, 2-propyl aniline, 3-propyl aniline, 2-butyl aniline, 3-butyl aniline, 2-isobutyl aniline, 3-isobutyl aniline, 2-methoxy aniline, 2-ethoxy aniline, 2-aniline sulfonic acid, and 3-aniline sulfonic acid.
Among them, a (co)polymer consisting of one or two compounds selected from pyrrole, thiophene, N-methyl pyrrole, 3-methyl thiophene, 3-methoxy thiophene, and 3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene is preferably used in view of resistance value and reactivity. Moreover, a homopolymer consisting of pyrrole or 3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene has high conductivity; and therefore it is more preferable.
Meanwhile, for a practical reason, the repeat number of these repeating units (i.e. precursor monomers) in the component (A) is preferably in the range of 2 to 20, more preferably 6 to 15.
In addition, the molecular weight of the component (A) is preferably about 130 to about 5,000.
[(B) Dopant Polymer]
The conductive polymer material of the present invention contains a dopant polymer as component (B). The dopant polymer of the component (B) contains a repeating unit that has a sulfo group, preferably either or both of a sulfo group whose α-position is fluorinated and a sulfo group bonded to a fluorinated aromatic group. In particular, the component (B) is preferably a superacidic polymer that contains one or more repeating units selected from “a1” to “a4” represented by the following general formula (2),




wherein R7, R9, R12, and R14 each represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R8, R10, and R13 each represent a single bond, an ester group, or a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and optionally having either or both of an ether group and an ester group; R11 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in which 1 or 2 hydrogen atoms in R11 may be substituted with a fluorine atom; R15 represents a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group; Z1 and Z2 each represent a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, or an ester group; Z3 represents a single bond, a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an ether group, or an ester group; Z4 represents a single bond or an ester group; provided that when Z2 is a phenylene group, R10 does not contain an ether group; “p” is an integer of 1 to 4; and “a1”, “a2”, “a3”, and “a4” are each a number satisfying 0≦a1≦1.0, 0≦a2≦1.0, 0≦a4≦1.0, and 0≦a1+a2+a3+a4≦1.0.

Illustrative examples of the monomer to give the repeating unit “a1” include the following compounds.

























wherein R7 has the same meaning as defined above; and X represents a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, a potassium atom, an amine compound, or a sulfonium compound.

Illustrative examples of the monomer to give the repeating unit “a2” include the following compounds.




























wherein R9 has the same meaning as defined above; and X represents a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, a potassium atom, an amine compound, or a sulfonium compound.

Illustrative examples of the monomer to give the repeating unit “a3” include the following compounds.

























wherein R12 has the same meaning as defined above; and X represents a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, a potassium atom, an amine compound, or a sulfonium compound.

Illustrative examples of the monomer to give the repeating unit “a4” include the following compounds.




wherein R14 has the same meaning as defined above; and X represents a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, a potassium atom, an amine compound, or a sulfonium compound.

The component (B) preferably contains a repeating unit “b” represented by the following general formula (3). By containing the repeating unit “b”, the conductivity can be further enhanced.




wherein “b” is a number satisfying 0<b≦1.0.

Illustrative examples of the monomer to give the repeating unit “b” include the following compounds,




wherein X2 represents a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, a potassium atom, an amine compound, or a sulfonium compound.

If X and/or X2 are amine compounds, (Pla-3) described in paragraph (0048) of Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2013-228447 may be mentioned as examples.
Here, as mentioned above, it is preferred that “a1”, “a2”, “a3”, and “a4” be each a number satisfying 0≦a1≦1.0, 0≦a2≦1.0, 0≦a3≦1.0, 0≦a4≦1.0, and 0≦a1+a2+a3+a4≦1.0, more preferably 0.2≦a1≦1.0, 0.2≦a2≦1.0, 0.2≦a3≦1.0, 0.2≦a4≦1.0, 0.2≦a1+a2+a3+a4≦1.0. If the repeating unit “b” is contained, in view of enhancing the conductivity, “b” is preferably in the range of 0.2≦b≦1.0, more preferably 0.3≦b≦1.0.
In addition, the dopant polymer of the component (B) may contain a repeating unit “c” besides the repeating units “a1” to “a4” and the repeating unit “b”; and examples of the repeating unit “c” include a styrene type, a vinylnaphthalene type, a vinylsilane type, acenaphthylene, indene, and vinylcarbazole.
Illustrative examples of the monomer to give the repeating unit “c” include the following compound.






















The dopant polymer of the component (B) may be synthesized, for example, by a method in which intended monomers to give the repeating units “a1” to “a4”, “b”, and “c” as mentioned above are subjected to thermal polymerization by adding a radical polymerization initiator in an organic solvent, thereby obtaining a (co)polymer of the dopant polymer.
Examples of the organic solvent to be used in the polymerization include toluene, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, methylethyl ketone, and γ-butyrolactone.
Examples of the radical polymerization initiator include 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate), benzoylperoxide, and lauroylperoxide.
The reaction temperature is preferably in the range of 50 to 80° C.; and the reaction time is preferably in the range of 2 to 100 hours, more preferably 5 to 20 hours.
In the dopant polymer of the component (B), the monomer to give the repeating unit “a1” to “a4”, “b”, or “c” may be one kind or two or more kinds; and a combination of a methacryl type monomer and a styrene type monomer is preferable to enhance the polymerizability.
In the case that two or more kinds of the monomer to give the repeating unit “a1” to “a4”, “b”, or “c” are used, these monomers may be copolymerized randomly or as a block. When a block-copolymerized polymer (block copolymer) is formed, the sea-island structure is formed by agglomeration among the repeating unit portions composed of two or more repeating units of “a1” to “a4”, “b”, or “c”, whereby generating a special structure around the dopant polymer; and as a result, the merit to enhance the conductivity may be expected.
The monomers to give the repeating units “a1” to “a4”, “b”, and “c” may be copolymerized randomly, or each of these may be copolymerized as a block. In this case, similarly to the aforementioned case of the repeating unit “a1” to “a4”, “b”, or “c”, the merit to enhance the conductivity may be expected by forming a block copolymer.
In the case that the random copolymerization is carried out by a radical polymerization, the polymerization is generally performed by heating a mixture containing monomers to be copolymerized and a radical polymerization initiator. When the polymerization of a first monomer is initiated in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator and followed by addition of a second monomer, the resulting polymer has a structure that the first monomer is polymerized at one side of the polymer molecule, and the second monomer is polymerized at the other side. In this case, however, the repeating units of the first and second monomers are mixedly present at the middle portion, thus it has a different structure from the block copolymer. In order to form the block copolymer by radical polymerization, living radical polymerization is preferably used.
In a living radical polymerization method called RAFT polymerization (Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer polymerization), radicals at the polymer terminal are always living, so that it is possible to form a diblock copolymer composed of a block of the repeating unit of the first monomer and a block of the repeating unit of the second monomer by starting the polymerization with a first monomer, and then adding a second monomer at the time when the first monomer has been consumed. In addition, it is also possible to form a triblock copolymer by starting the polymerization with a first monomer, then adding a second monomer at the time when the first monomer has been consumed, and then adding a third monomer thereto.
The RAFT polymerization has the characteristic that the polymer having narrow molecular weight distribution (dispersity) can be obtained. In particular, when the RAFT polymerization is carried out by adding monomers all at once, a polymer having further narrower molecular weight distribution can be obtained.
Meanwhile, in the dopant polymer of the component (B), the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 2.0, particularly preferably in the range of narrower dispersity of 1.0 to 1.5. If the dispersity is narrow, transmittance of the conductive film which is formed from the conductive polymer material using this polymer can be prevented from lowering.
To carry out the RAFT polymerization, a chain transfer agent is necessary; and illustrative examples thereof include 2-cyano-2-propylbenzo thioate, 4-cyano-4-phenylcarbonothioyl thiopentanoic acid, 2-cyano-2-propyldodecyl trithiocarbonate, 4-cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]pentanoic acid, 2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropanoic acid, cyanomethyl dodecylthiocarbonate, cyanomethyl methyl(phenyl)carbamothioate, bis(thiobenzoyl)disulfide, and bis(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)disulfide. Among them, 2-cyano-2-propylbenzo thioate is especially preferable.
If the dopant polymer of the component (B) contains the repeating unit “c”, the proportion of the repeating units “a1” to “a4”, “b”, and “c” is preferably in the range of 0≦a1+a2+a3+a4≦1.0, 0≦b<1.0, and 0<c<1.0, more preferably 0.1≦a1+a2+a3+a4≦0.9, 0.1≦b≦0.9, and 0<c≦0.8, much more preferably 0.2≦a1+a2+a3+a4≦0.8, 0.2≦b≦0.8, and 0<c≦0.5.
Also, it is preferred that a1+a2+a3+a4+b+c=1.
The weight-average molecular weight of the dopant polymer of the component (B) is in the range of 1,000 to 500,000, preferably 2,000 to 200,000. If the weight-average molecular weight is less than 1,000, the heat resistance is insufficient, and homogeneity of the composite solution with the component (A) becomes poor. On the other hand, if the weight-average molecular weight thereof is more than 500,000, not only the conductivity deteriorates but also the viscosity increases thereby deteriorating the workability and decreasing the dispersibility into water or into an organic solvent.
The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) is measured by a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) by using water, dimethyl formamide (DMF), or tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent, in terms of polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, or polystyrene.
As to the monomer to constitute the dopant polymer of the component (B), a monomer having a sulfo group may be used. Alternatively, a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, an ammonium salt, or a sulfonium salt of a sulfo group may be used as a monomer to perform a polymerization reaction, and after the polymerization, these salts may be converted into a sulfo group by an ion-exchange resin.
[(C) Sulfonium Salt Compound]
The conductive polymer material of the present invention contains a sulfonium salt compound as component (C). The sulfonium salt compound represented by the general formulae (1-1) and (1-2) may be specifically exemplified by the following.













wherein K− represents a hydroxide ion, a chloride ion, a bromide ion, a carbonate ion, a hydrogen carbonate ion, a nitrate ion, a carboxylate ion, a sulfonate ion, or a sulfinate ion.

When a sulfonium salt compound having hydroxide ion, chloride ion, bromide ion, carbonate ion, hydrogen carbonate ion, nitrate ion, carboxylate ion, sulfonate ion, or sulfinate ion is added to a composite solution containing the π-conjugated polymer and the dopant polymer having a sulfo group, the excess sulfo groups in the dopant polymer become sulfonate (SO3−), and as a result, a sulfonium salt is generated while water, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, carbonic acid, nitric acid, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, or sulfinic acid is released. Thus, a sulfo group, which has strong acidity, is neutralized by forming a sulfonium salt, and a weaker acid is released instead, thereby lowering acidity.
Sulfonic acid not only has strong acidity, but also can form strong hydrogen-bonds between the sulfo groups. This makes the agglomeration of the composite particles (hereinafter, also referred to as conductive polymer composite) of the π-conjugated polymer and the dopant polymer that contains sulfo groups progress. However, by adding the sulfonium salt compound, the sulfo groups become salts, which leads to a decrease in hydrogen bond capability. Furthermore, since the portion in which the salt has been formed is charged negatively and positively, both attraction and repulsion are applied between the particles, whereby the agglomeration among the particles can be suppressed.
[Conductive Polymer Material]
The conductive polymer material of the present invention includes the π-conjugated polymer as component (A), the dopant polymer as component (B), and the sulfonium salt compound as component (C). The dopant polymer of the component (B) coordinates with the π-conjugated polymer of the component (A) to form the composite.
It is preferable that the conductive polymer material of the present invention have dispersibility in water or in an organic solvent; and if the conductive polymer composite has such a dispersibility, the film-formability by spin coating onto an inorganic substrate or an organic substrate (i.e. substrate on which an inorganic film or an organic film has been formed) as well as the flatness of the film can be made excellent.
(Method for Producing the Conductive Polymer Material)
A method for producing the conductive polymer material (solution) is not particularly limited. For example, it can be produced by adding the sulfonium salt compound of the component (C) into a composite solution containing the π-conjugated polymer of the component (A) and the dopant polymer of the component (B).
The composite of the components (A) and (B) may be obtained, for example, by adding a raw material monomer of the component (A) (preferably pyrrole, thiophene, aniline, or a derivative monomer thereof) into an aqueous solution of the component (B) or a water/organic solvent mixed solution of the component (B), and then adding an oxidant, or an oxidation catalyst depending on the situation, to perform an oxidative polymerization.
Illustrative examples of the oxidant and the oxidation catalyst include peroxodisulfate salts (i.e. persulfate salts) such as ammonium peroxodisulfate (i.e. ammonium persulfate), sodium peroxodisulfate (i.e. sodium persulfate), and potassium peroxodisulfate (i.e. potassium persulfate); transition metal compounds such as ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and cupric chloride; metal oxides such as silver oxide and cesium oxide; peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide and ozone; organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide; and oxygen.
As the reaction solvent to be used for the oxidative polymerization, water or a mixture of water and a solvent may be used. The solvent to be used here is miscible with water and preferably can dissolve or disperse the component (A) and the component (B). Illustrative example thereof includes polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N′-dimethyl formamide, N,N′-dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and hexamethyl phosphortriamide; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol; polyvalent aliphatic alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, D-glucose, D-glucitol, isoprene glycol, butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, and neopentyl glycol; carbonate compounds such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate; cyclic ether compounds such as dioxane and tetrahydrofuran; chain ethers such as dialkyl ether, ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, propylene glycol monoalkyl ether, propylene glycol dialkyl ether, polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether, and polypropylene glycol dialkyl ether; heterocyclic compounds such as 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone; and nitrile compounds such as acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, propionitrile, and benzonitrile. These solvents may be used singly or as a mixture of two or more of them. The blending amount of these water-miscible solvents is preferably 50% by mass or less with respect to entirety of the reaction solvents.
Besides the dopant polymer of the component (B), another anion that can be incorporated into the π-conjugated polymer of the component (A) may be used. As to the anion like this, an organic acid is preferable in view of controlling the characteristics, such as de-doping property from the π-conjugated polymer, dispersibility, heat resistance, environment resistance, and so forth of the conductive polymer material. Examples of the organic acid include an organic carboxylic acid, phenols, an organic sulfonic acid, etc.
As to the organic carboxylic acid, acids of aliphatic, aromatic, or alicyclic structure having one, or two or more carboxyl groups may be used. Illustrative examples thereof include formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, monochloro-acetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, nitroacetic acid, and triphenyl-acetic acid.
Illustrative examples of the phenols include cresol, phenol, and xylenol.
As to the organic sulfonic acid, acids of aliphatic, aromatic, or alicyclic structure having one, or two or more sulfo groups may be used. Illustrative examples of the compound having one sulfo group include methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1-propanesulfonic acid, 1-butanesulfonic acid, 1-hexanesulfonic acid, 1-heptanesulfonic acid, 1-octanesulfonic acid, 1-nonanesulfonic acid, 1-decanesulfonic acid, 1-dodecanesulfonic acid, 1-tetradecanesulfonic acid, 1-pentadecanesulfonic acid, 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, colistinmethanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, aminomethanesulfonic acid, 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid, 2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid, 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, ethylbenzenesulfonic acid, propylbenzenesulfonic acid, butylbenzenesulfonic acid, pentylbenzenesulfonic acid, hexylbenzenesulfonic acid, heptylbenzenesulfonic acid, octylbenzenesulfonic acid, nonylbenzenesulfonic acid, decylbenzenesulfonic acid, undecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, pentadecylbenzenesulfonic acid, hexadecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 2,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid, dipropylbenzenesulfonic acid, 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, 4-amino-2-chlorotoluene-5-sulfonic acid, 4-amino-3-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid, 2-amino-5-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid, 4-amino-2-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid, 5-amino-2-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid, 4-acetamide-3-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, methylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, propylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, butylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, pentylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, dimethylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 8-chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid, polycondensation product of naphthalenesulfonic acid and formalin, and polycondensation product of melaminesulfonic acid and formalin.
Illustrative examples of the compound containing two or more sulfo groups include ethane disulfonic acid, butane disulfonic acid, pentane disulfonic acid, decane disulfonic acid, m-benzene disulfonic acid, o-benzene disulfonic acid, p-benzene disulfonic acid, toluene disulfonic acid, xylene disulfonic acid, chlorobenzene disulfonic acid, fluorobenzene disulfonic acid, aniline-2,4-disulfonic acid, aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid, diethylbenzene disulfonic acid, dibutylbenzene disulfonic acid, naphthalene disulfonic acid, methylnaphthalene disulfonic acid, ethylnaphthalene disulfonic acid, dodecylnaphthalene disulfonic acid, pentadecylnaphthalene disulfonic acid, butylnaphthalene disulfonic acid, 2-amino-1,4-benzene disulfonic acid, 1-amino-3,8-naphthalene disulfonic acid, 3-amino-1,5-naphthalene disulfonic acid, 8-amino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid, anthracene disulfonic acid, butylanthracene disulfonic acid, 4-acetamide-4′-isothio-cyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, 4-acetamide-4′-isothio-cyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, 4-acetamide-4′-maleimidylstilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, 1-acetoxypyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid, 7-amino-1,3,6-naphthalene trisulfonic acid, 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, and 3-amino-1,5,7-naphthalene trisulfonic acid.
These anions other than the component (B) may be added, before polymerization of the component (A), into a solution containing a raw material monomer of the component (A), the component (B), and an oxidant and/or an oxidative polymerization catalyst. Alternatively, it may be added into the conductive polymer composite (solution) which contains the component (A) and the component (B) after the polymerization.
The composite including the component (A) and the component (B) thus obtained may be used after being pulverized by a homogenizer, a ball mill, or the like, if necessary.
For pulverization, a mixer/disperser which can apply a high shear force is preferably used. Illustrative examples of the mixer/disperser include a homogenizer, a high-pressure homogenizer, and a bead mill; among them, a high-pressure homogenizer is particularly preferable.
Illustrative examples of the high-pressure homogenizer include NanoVater (manufactured by Yoshida Kikai Co., Ltd.), Microfluidizer (manufactured by Powrex Corp.), and Ultimizer (manufactured by Sugino Machine Ltd.).
As the dispersion treatment using the high-pressure homogenizer, there may be mentioned a treatment in which the composite solutions before the dispersion treatment are collided from the opposite direction with each other under high pressure, or a treatment in which the solution is passed through an orifice or a slit under a high pressure.
Before or after the pulverization, impurities may be removed by the measures such as filtration, ultrafiltration, and dialysis; and also, purification may be done by using a cationic ion-exchange resin, an anionic ion-exchange resin, a chelate resin, or the like.
The total content of the components (A) and (B) and the component (C), which is an additive, in the conductive polymer material solution is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 10.0% by mass. If the total content of the components (A), (B), and (C) is 0.05% by mass or more, sufficient conductivity can be obtained; and if it is 10.0% by mass or less, the uniform conductive coating film can be readily obtained.
The content of the component (B) is preferably such an amount that the sulfo group in the component (B) is in the range of 0.1 to 10 mol, more preferably 1 to 7 mol, per 1 mol of the component (A). If the content of the sulfo group in the component (B) is 0.1 mol or more, the doping effect to the component (A) is so high that sufficient conductivity can be secured. On the other hand, if the content of the sulfo group in the component (B) is 10 mol or less, the content of the component (A) also becomes appropriate, so that sufficient conductivity can be obtained.
The amount of the component (C) in the conductive polymer material solution is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 50 mol, more preferably 0.1 to 20 mol, per 1 mol of the component (A). If the component (C) is in an amount of 0.01 mol or more, the effect of suppressing the agglomeration of the conductive polymer composite can be exhibited. Also, if the component (C) is in an amount of 20 mol or less, corrosion due to the conductive polymer material solution with strong acidity can be sufficiently suppressed.
Illustrative examples of the organic solvent that can be added to the polymerization reaction aqueous solution or can dilute the monomers include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol; polyvalent aliphatic alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, D-glucose, D-glucitol, isoprene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, and neopentyl glycol; chain ethers such as dialkyl ether, ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, propylene glycol monoalkyl ether, propylene glycol dialkyl ether, polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether, and polypropylene glycol dialkyl ether; cyclic ether compounds such as dioxane and tetrahydrofuran; polar solvents such as cyclohexanone, methyl amyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butanediol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, butanediol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethyl pyruvate, butyl acetate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, tert-butyl acetate, tert-butyl propionate, propylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether acetate, γ-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N′-dimethylformamide, N,N′-dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and hexamethylene phosphortriamide; carbonate compounds such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate; heterocyclic compounds such as 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone; nitrile compounds such as acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, propionitrile, and benzonitrile; and a mixture thereof.
The amount of the organic solvent to be used is preferably in the range of 0 to 1,000 mL, particularly preferably 0 to 500 mL, per 1 mol of the monomer. If the amount of the organic solvent is 1,000 mL or less, it is economical because the reaction vessel may not become too large.
[Other Additives]
(Surfactant)
In the present invention, a surfactant may be added to enhance the wettability to a body to be processed such as a substrate. As the surfactant, various surfactants of nonionic, cationic, and anionic type may be mentioned. Illustrative examples thereof include nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene carboxylate, sorbitan ester, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester; cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium chloride and alkylbenzylammonium chloride; anionic surfactants such as alkyl or alkylallyl sulfate salt, alkyl or alkylallyl sulfonate salt, and dialkyl sulfosuccinate salt; amphoteric surfactants such as an amino acid type and a betaine type; acetylene alcohol type surfactants; and an acetylene alcohol type surfactant whose hydroxyl group is polyethylene-oxidized or polypropylene-oxidized.
(Conductivity Enhancer)
In the present invention, an organic solvent other than the main solvent may be added to enhance the conductivity of the conductive polymer material. The additive solvent may be exemplified by a polar solvent, and illustrative examples thereof include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), sulfolane, and a mixture thereof. The adding amount is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 30.0% by mass, particularly preferably 3.0 to 10.0% by mass.
(Neutralizer)
The present invention is characterized by adding the component (C) for neutralizing acidic pH of an aqueous solution of the conductive polymer material, however, other neutralizer may be added thereto in addition to this. A nitrogen-containing aromatic cyclic compound described in paragraphs (0033) to (0045) of Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-096975 or a cation described in paragraph (0127) of Japanese Patent No. 5264723 may be added to adjust the solution to neutral pH. By adjusting the pH of solution to near neutral, rust occurrence can be prevented when applied to a printer.
Thus, the conductive polymer material of the present invention as described above has low acidity, can suppress the gradual agglomeration of particles, and has excellent solution-stability.
[Conductive Film]
The conductive polymer material (solution) thus obtained can form a conductive film by applying it onto a body to be processed such as a substrate. Illustrative examples of the method of applying the conductive polymer material (solution) include coating by a spin coater, a bar coater, soaking, comma coating, spray coating, roll coating, screen printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, and ink jet printing. After applying, heat treatment by using a hot-air circulating furnace, a hot plate, or the like, or irradiation with IR light, UV light, or the like may be carried out, whereby the conductive film can be formed.
As discussed above, the conductive polymer material of the present invention can form a conductive film by applying it onto a substrate or the like. In addition, the conductive film thus formed can be used as a transparent electrode layer and a hole injection layer because it has excellent conductivity and transparency.
After the conductive polymer material of the present invention is applied onto a substrate or the like to form a film thereon, the sulfonium salt compound of the component (C) can be decomposed by exposure to a light having a wavelength of 140 to 400 nm or an electron beam. Thus, only the conductive polymer composite of the component (A) and the component (B) remains in the film, and the conductivity is thereby enhanced. After the photo-exposure, it may be baked at 50 to 200° C. for the purpose of evaporating a decomposed product.
[Substrate]
Also, the present invention provides a substrate having a conductive film formed thereon by using the conductive polymer material of the present invention.
Illustrative examples of the substrate include a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a photomask blank substrate, a resin substrate, a silicon wafer, compound semiconductor wafers such as a gallium arsenic wafer and an indium phosphorous wafer, and a flexible substrate. In addition, it may also be used as an anti-static top coat by applying it onto a photoresist film.
As mentioned above, in the conductive polymer material of the present invention, the dopant polymer of the component (B) which contains a strongly acidic sulfo group forms a composite together with the π-conjugated polymer of the component (A), and the sulfonium salt compound of the component (C) was added thereto, whereby acidity of solution is lowered, the gradual agglomeration of particles can be suppressed, and low corrosiveness, low viscosity, excellent solution-stability, good filterability, and superior film-formability by spin coating are provided. In addition, when a film is formed from the inventive material, a conductive film excellent in transparency, flatness, smoothness, durability, and conductivity can be obtained. Further, the conductive polymer material has excellent affinity to an organic solvent and an organic substrate, and it has excellent film-formability onto both an organic substrate and an inorganic substrate.
In addition, the conductive film formed by the conductive polymer material has excellent conductivity, transparency, and the like, so that this film may function as a transparent electrode layer.
EXAMPLES
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Synthesis Examples, Preparation Examples, Comparative Preparation Examples, Examples, and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not restricted thereto.
Synthesis of Dopant Polymer
Synthesis Examples 1 to 15
Under nitrogen atmosphere, a monomer was dissolved in methanol under stirring at 64° C., and to the obtained solution was added dropwise a solution in which dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(isobutyrate) had been dissolved in methanol, over 4 hours, followed by stirring for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was added dropwise to ethyl acetate under vigorous stirring. The resulting solid was collected by filtration, and dried under vacuum at 50° C. for 15 hours to obtain a white polymer. This white polymer was dissolved in methanol, and a cation of the monomer was exchanged with a hydrogen atom by means of an ion exchange resin to convert into a sulfo group.
In this way, the following Dopant polymers 1 to 15 were obtained.
Dopant Polymer 1
Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=46,000
Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.55




Dopant Polymer 2

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=41,000
Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.66




Dopant Polymer 3

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=57,000
Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.84




Dopant Polymer 4

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=47,000 Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.87




Dopant Polymer 5

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=53,000
Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.81




Dopant Polymer 6

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=51,000
Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.79




Dopant Polymer 7

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=39,300 Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.91




Dopant Polymer 8

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=41,100
Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.98




Dopant Polymer 9

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=51,000 Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.75




Dopant Polymer 10

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=51,000 Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.79




Dopant Polymer 11

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=33,100
Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.66




Dopant Polymer 12

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=42,100
Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.86




Dopant Polymer 13

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=42,000
Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.79




Dopant Polymer 14

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=21,000
Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.50




Dopant Polymer 15

Weight-average molecular weight (Mw)=44,000
Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn)=1.69




Preparation of Conductive Polymer Composite Dispersion Containing Polythiophene as π-Conjugated Polymer
Preparation Example 1
A solution in which 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1 had been dissolved in 1,000 mL of ultrapure water was mixed with 3.82 g of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene at 30° C.
Into the resulting mixed solution was slowly added an oxidation catalyst solution in which 8.40 g of sodium persulfate and 2.3 g of ferric sulfate had been dissolved in 100 mL of ultrapure water while stirring the mixed solution and keeping the temperature thereof at 30° C., and the reaction was carried out for 4 hours under stirring.
Into the reaction solution thus obtained was added 1,000 mL of ultrapure water, and about 1,000 mL of the solution was removed by ultrafiltration. This procedure was repeated 3 times.
Subsequently, 200 mL of sulfuric acid diluted to 10% by mass and 2,000 mL of ion-exchanged water were added to the solution treated with the ultrafiltration, and about 2,000 mL of the treated solution was removed by ultrafiltration. After 2,000 mL of ion-exchanged water was added thereto, about 2,000 mL of the solution was removed again by ultrafiltration. This procedure was repeated 3 times.
Further, 2,000 mL of ion-exchanged water was added to the treated solution thus obtained, and about 2,000 mL of the treated solution was removed by ultrafiltration. This procedure was repeated 5 times to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 1 having a blue color with a concentration of 1.3% by mass.
Conditions of the ultrafiltration were as follows.
Cut-off molecular weight of the ultrafiltration membrane: 30 K
Cross-flow method
Flow rate of the supply solution: 3,000 mL/min
Partial membrane pressure: 0.12 Pa
Also in other Preparation Examples, the ultrafiltration was carried out with the same conditions.
Preparation Example 2
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 10.0 g of Dopant polymer 2 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, the blending amount of sodium persulfate was changed to 5.31 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 2.
Preparation Example 3
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 12.0 g of Dopant polymer 3 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.72 g, the blending amount of sodium persulfate was changed to 6.00 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.60 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 3.
Preparation Example 4
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 11.8 g of Dopant polymer 4 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 4.50 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.04 g, the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.23 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 4.
Preparation Example 5
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 11.0 g of Dopant polymer 5 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 5.31 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 5.
Preparation Example 6
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 13.0 g of Dopant polymer 6 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 5.31 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 6.
Preparation Example 7
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 12.8 g of Dopant polymer 7 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 5.31 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 7.
Preparation Example 8
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 11.0 g of Dopant polymer 8 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 5.31 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 8.
Preparation Example 9
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 10.8 g of Dopant polymer 9 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 5.31 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 9.
Preparation Example 10
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 11.5 g of Dopant polymer 10 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 5.31 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 10.
Preparation Example 11
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 12.8 g of Dopant polymer 11 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 5.31 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 11.
Preparation Example 12
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 12.0 g of Dopant polymer 12 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 5.31 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 12.
Preparation Example 13
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 11.9 g of Dopant polymer 13 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 5.31 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 13.
Preparation Example 14
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 12.8 g of Dopant polymer 14 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 5.31 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 14.
Preparation Example 15
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 10.2 g of Dopant polymer 15 was used in place of 12.5 g of Dopant polymer 1, 5.31 g of ammonium persulfate was used in place of 8.40 g of sodium persulfate, the blending amount of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was changed to 2.41 g, and the blending amount of ferric sulfate was changed to 1.50 g, to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 15.
Preparation Example 16
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 3.87 g of 3,4-dimethoxythiophene was used in place of 3.82 g of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 16.
Preparation Example 17
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 4.62 g of (2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methanol was used in place of 3.82 g of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 17.
Preparation Example 18
Procedure of Preparation Example 1 was repeated, except that 4.16 g of 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene was used in place of 3.82 g of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene to obtain Conductive polymer composite dispersion 18.
EXAMPLES
Sulfonium salt compounds 1 to 8 used in Examples were shown below.




Examples 1 to 18
20 g of each Conductive polymer composite dispersion 1 to 18 with a concentration of 1.3% by mass obtained in Preparation Examples 1 to 18 was mixed with 0.2 g of Sulfonium salt compound 1, 5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5 g of Surfynol 465, which is a surfactant and defoamer. Then, the resulting mixture was filtrated through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) to prepare a conductive polymer material, followed by filtration through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) and the respective materials were designated as Examples 1 to 18. The pH of the obtained conductive polymer materials was shown in Table 1.
Example 19
20 g of Conductive polymer composite dispersion 1 with a concentration of 1.3% by mass obtained in Preparation Example 1 was mixed with 0.3 g of Sulfonium salt compound 2, 5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5 g of Surfynol 465, which is a surfactant and defoamer. Then, the resulting mixture was filtrated through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) to prepare a conductive polymer material, followed by filtration through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) and the material was designated as Example 19. The pH of the obtained conductive polymer material was 4.3.
Example 20
20 g of Conductive polymer composite dispersion 1 with a concentration of 1.3% by mass obtained in Preparation Example 1 was mixed with 0.2 g of Sulfonium salt compound 3, 5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5 g of Surfynol 465, which is a surfactant and defoamer. Then, the resulting mixture was filtrated through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) to prepare a conductive polymer material, followed by filtration through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) and the material was designated as Example 20. The pH of the obtained conductive polymer material was 4.8.
Example 21
20 g of Conductive polymer composite dispersion 1 with a concentration of 1.3% by mass obtained in Preparation Example 1 was mixed with 0.5 g of Sulfonium salt compound 4, 5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5 g of Surfynol 465, which is a surfactant and defoamer. Then, the resulting mixture was filtrated through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) to prepare a conductive polymer material, followed by filtration through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) and the material was designated as Example 21. The pH of the obtained conductive polymer material was 4.2.
Example 22
20 g of Conductive polymer composite dispersion 1 with a concentration of 1.3% by mass obtained in Preparation Example 1 was mixed with 0.4 g of Sulfonium salt compound 5, 5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5 g of Surfynol 465, which is a surfactant and defoamer. Then, the resulting mixture was filtrated through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) to prepare a conductive polymer material, followed by filtration through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) and the material was designated as Example 22. The pH of the obtained conductive polymer material was 4.4.
Example 23
20 g of Conductive polymer composite dispersion 1 with a concentration of 1.3% by mass obtained in Preparation Example 1 was mixed with 0.4 g of Sulfonium salt compound 6, 5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5 g of Surfynol 465, which is a surfactant and defoamer. Then, the resulting mixture was filtrated through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) to prepare a conductive polymer material, followed by filtration through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) and the material was designated as Example 23. The pH of the obtained conductive polymer material was 4.9.
Example 24
20 g of Conductive polymer composite dispersion 1 with a concentration of 1.3% by mass obtained in Preparation Example 1 was mixed with 0.3 g of Sulfonium salt compound 7, 5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5 g of Surfynol 465, which is a surfactant and defoamer. Then, the resulting mixture was filtrated through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) to prepare a conductive polymer material, followed by filtration through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) and the material was designated as Example 24. The pH of the obtained conductive polymer material was 4.0.
Example 25
20 g of Conductive polymer composite dispersion 1 with a concentration of 1.3% by mass obtained in Preparation Example 1 was mixed with 1.5 g of Sulfonium salt compound 8, 5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5 g of Surfynol 465, which is a surfactant and defoamer. Then, the resulting mixture was filtrated through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) to prepare a conductive polymer material, followed by filtration through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) and the material was designated as Example 25. The pH of the obtained conductive polymer material was 4.6.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES
Comparative Example 1
20 g of Conductive polymer composite dispersion 15 with a concentration of 1.3% by mass obtained in Preparation Example 15 was mixed with 5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.5 g of Surfynol 465, which is a surfactant and defoamer. Then, the resulting mixture was filtrated through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) to prepare a conductive polymer material, and the material was designated as Comparative Example 1. The pH of the obtained conductive polymer material was 2.0.
Comparative Example 2
20 g of Conductive polymer composite dispersion 15 with a concentration of 1.3% by mass obtained in Preparation Example 15 was mixed with 0.23 g of triethanolamine, 5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5 g of Surfynol 465, which is a surfactant and defoamer. Then, the resulting mixture was filtrated through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) to prepare a conductive polymer material, and the material was designated as Comparative Example 2. The pH of the obtained conductive polymer material was 6.1.
Comparative Example 3
20 g of Conductive polymer composite dispersion 15 with a concentration of 1.3% by mass obtained in Preparation Example 15 was mixed with 0.06 g of sodium hydroxide, 5 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5 g of Surfynol 465, which is a surfactant and defoamer. Then, the resulting mixture was filtrated through a reproduced cellulose filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm (manufactured by Advantec MFS, Inc.) to prepare a conductive polymer material, and the material was designated as Comparative Example 3. The pH of the obtained conductive polymer material was 6.2.
(Applicability Evaluation Right after Filtration)
Firstly, the conductive polymer material was applied by spin coating onto a Si wafer by using 1H-360S SPINCOATER (manufactured by MIKASA Co., Ltd.) so as to have a film thickness of 100±5 nm. Then, baking was performed for 5 minutes in an accuracy incubator at 120° C. to remove the solvent, thereby the conductive film was obtained. The refractive index (n and k) at a wavelength of 636 nm was measured with respect to the conductive film by using VASE (manufactured by J. A. Woollam Co., Inc.), a spectroscopic ellipsometer with the type of variable incident angle. If the uniform film could be formed, this is shown by “good”, and if a defect derived from particles or a partial striation was found in the film although the measurement of the refractive index could be carried out, this is shown by “poor” in Table 1.
(Conductivity Evaluation)
Firstly, 1.0 mL of the conductive polymer material was dropped onto a SiO2 wafer having a diameter of 4 inches (100 mm). 10 seconds later, the whole wafer was spin-coated by using a spinner. The spin coating conditions were adjusted so as to give a film thickness of 100±5 nm. Then, baking was performed for 5 minutes in an accuracy incubator at 120° C. to remove the solvent, thereby the conductive film was obtained.
With respect to Examples 1 to 20 and 22 to 25, the obtained conductive film was exposed to an electron beam with an accelerating voltage of 1 keV and an exposure dose of 30 μC/cm2, and baked at 100° C. for 90 seconds. With respect to Example 21, the obtained conductive film was exposed to a low-pressure mercury lamp having a wavelength of 254 nm at 50 mJ/cm2, and baked at 100° C. for 90 seconds.
The conductivities (S/cm) of the film after application and the film after photo-exposure were calculated from the surface resistivity (Ω/□) and film thickness measured by Hiresta-UP MCP-HT450 and Loresta-GP MCP-T610 (both are manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical corp.). These results are shown in Table 1.
(Applicability Evaluation after 1 Month at 23° C.)
The obtained conductive polymer materials were preserved in the state of solution at 23° C. for 1 month, and then examined whether agglomerate was generated. Also, using the conductive polymer materials after preservation, applicability was evaluated in the same manner as in the above-mentioned applicability evaluation right after filtration. The results were shown in Table 1.
[Evaluation of the Conductive Polymer Material Containing Polythiophene as the π-Conjugated Polymer]















TABLE 1







Conductive
Sulfonium salt

Applicability
Conductivity
Conductivity
Applicability



polymer
compound

right after
after application
after exposure
after 1 month



composite
(part by mass)
pH
filtration
(S/cm)
(S/cm)
at 23° C.























Example 1
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
5.0
good
110
144
good



Example 1
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 2
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.2
good
90
120
good



Example 2
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 3
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
5.1
good
113
150
good



Example 3
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 4
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
5.0
good
109
149
good



Example 4
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 5
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.6
good
105
142
good



Example 5
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 6
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.8
good
119
136
good



Example 6
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 7
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.9
good
104
134
good



Example 7
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 8
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
5.0
good
100
129
good



Example 8
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 9
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.6
good
103
127
good



Example 9
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 10
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.0
good
88
133
good



Example 10
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 11
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
5.5
good
108
123
good



Example 11
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 12
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
5.7
good
89
139
good



Example 12
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 13
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
5.0
good
106
134
good



Example 13
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 14
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
5.1
good
102
139
good



Example 14
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 15
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
5.9
good
430
480
good



Example 15
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 16
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
5.0
good
123
180
good



Example 16
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 17
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
5.1
good
112
144
good



Example 17
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 18
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.9
good
110
166
good



Example 18
compound 1 (0.2)


Example 19
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.3
good
112
149
good



Example 1
compound 2 (0.3)


Example 20
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.8
good
109
149
good



Example 1
compound 3 (0.2)


Example 21
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.2
good
105
146
good



Example 1
compound 4 (0.5)


Example 22
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.4
good
109
140
good



Example 1
compound 5 (0.4)


Example 23
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.9
good
111
143
good



Example 1
compound 6 (0.4)


Example 24
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.0
good
109
141
good



Example 1
compound 7 (0.3)


Example 25
Preparation
Sulfonium salt
4.6
good
72
140
good



Example 1
compound 8 (1.5)


Comparative
Preparation
—
2.0
good
420
416
poor


Example 1
Example 15





striation


Comparative
Preparation
—
6.1
good
60
58
poor


Example 2
Example 15





striation


Comparative
Preparation
—
6.2
good
78
72
poor


Example 3
Example 15





striation









As shown in Table 1, Examples 1 to 25, which contains polythiophene as the π-conjugated polymer, the dopant polymer having the repeating unit “a1” to “a4” or “b”, and the sulfonium salt compound, showed low acidity and good conductivity, and an agglomerate did not occur during the preservation in the state of solution, and these solutions exhibited good film-formability even after preservation for 1 month. Furthermore, the sulfonium salt compound was decomposed by the exposure to electron beam or light, and the conductivity was thereby improved.
On the other hand, Comparative Example 1, which does not contain a sulfonium salt compound, exhibited strong acidity although having a high conductivity. Comparative examples 2 and 3, which do not contain a sulfonium salt compound, exhibited low acidity, but they were inferior in conductivity to Examples 1 to 25. Also, all Comparative examples 1 to 3 showed poor applicability after preservation for 1 month.
As described above, it was revealed that the conductive polymer material of the present invention has low acidity, can suppress the gradual agglomeration of particles, and has excellent solution-stability.
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiment. The embodiment is just an exemplification, and any examples that have substantially the same feature and demonstrate the same functions and effects as those in the technical concept described in claims of the present invention are included in the technical scope of the present invention.

## Claims

1. A conductive polymer material comprising:
(A) a π-conjugated polymer;
(B) a dopant polymer which contains a repeating unit having a sulfo group and has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 500,000; and
(C) either or both of sulfonium salt compounds represented by the following general formulae (1-1) and (1-2),




wherein R1, R2, and R3 independently represent a halogen atom, an amino group that contains an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, alkenyl group, oxoalkyl group, or oxoalkenyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group or aryloxoalkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, in which these groups may contain an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group, a halogen atom, an ester group, an ether group, or a thioether group; R1 and R2 may form a ring together with each other, and when the ring is formed, R1 and R2 represent an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R4, R5, and R6 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; K− is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxide ion, a chloride ion, a bromide ion, a carbonate ion, a hydrogen carbonate ion, a nitrate ion, a carboxylate ion, a sulfonate ion, and a sulfinate ion; and when K− is a carboxylate ion, K− is optionally substituted for any of R1, R2, and R3 to form an inner salt.

2. The conductive polymer material according to claim 1, wherein the component (B) has a sulfo group whose a-position is fluorinated and/or a sulfo group bonded to a fluorinated aromatic group.

3. The conductive polymer material according to claim 2, wherein the component (B) contains one or more repeating units selected from (2-1) to (2-4) represented by the following general formula (2),




wherein R7, R9, R12, and R14 each represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R8, R10, and R13 each represent a single bond, an ester group, or a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and optionally having either or both of an ether group and an ester group; R11 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in which 1 or 2 hydrogen atoms in R11 is optionally substituted with a fluorine atom; R15 represents a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group; Z1 and Z2 each represent a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, or an ester group; Z3 represents a single bond, a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an ether group, or an ester group; Z4 represents a single bond or an ester group; provided that when Z2 is a phenylene group, R10 does not contain an ether group; “p” is an integer of 1 to 4; and “a1”, “a2”, “a3”, and “a4” are each a number satisfying 0≦a1≦1.0, 0≦a2≦1.0, and 0≦a3≦1.0, 0≦a4≦1.0, and 0<a1+a2+a3+a4≦1.0.

4. The conductive polymer material according to claim 3, wherein the component (B) contains a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (3),




wherein “b” is a number satisfying 0<b≦1.0.

5. The conductive polymer material according to claim 3, wherein the component (B) is a block copolymer.

6. The conductive polymer material according to claim 3, wherein the component (A) is a polymer formed by polymerization of one or more precursor monomers selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, thiophene, selenophene, tellurophene, aniline, a polycyclic aromatic compound, and a derivative thereof.

7. The conductive polymer material according to claim 2, wherein the component (B) contains a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (3),




wherein “b” is a number satisfying 0<b≦1.0.

8. The conductive polymer material according to claim 2, wherein the component (B) is a block copolymer.

9. The conductive polymer material according to claim 2, wherein the component (A) is a polymer formed by polymerization of one or more precursor monomers selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, thiophene, selenophene, tellurophene, aniline, a polycyclic aromatic compound, and a derivative thereof.

10. The conductive polymer material according to claim 1, wherein the component (B) contains one or more repeating units selected from (2-1) to (2-4) represented by the following general formula (2),




wherein R7, R9, R12, and R14 each represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R8, R10, and R13 each represent a single bond, an ester group, or a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and optionally having either or both of an ether group and an ester group; R11 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in which 1 or 2 hydrogen atoms in R11 is optionally substituted with a fluorine atom; R15 represents a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group; Z1 and Z2 each represent a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, or an ester group; Z3 represents a single bond, a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, an ether group, or an ester group; Z4 represents a single bond or an ester group; provided that when Z2 is a phenylene group, R10 does not contain an ether group; “p” is an integer of 1 to 4; and “a1”, “a2”, “a3”, and “a4” are each a number satisfying 0≦a1≦1.0, 0≦a2≦1.0, and 0≦a3≦1.0, 0≦a4≦1.0, and 0<a1+a2+a3+a4≦1.0.

11. The conductive polymer material according to claim 10, wherein the component (B) contains a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (3),




wherein “b” is a number satisfying 0<b≦1.0.

12. The conductive polymer material according to claim 10, wherein the component (B) is a block copolymer.

13. The conductive polymer material according to claim 10, wherein the component (A) is a polymer formed by polymerization of one or more precursor monomers selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, thiophene, selenophene, tellurophene, aniline, a polycyclic aromatic compound, and a derivative thereof.

14. The conductive polymer material according to claim 1, wherein the component (B) contains a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (3),




wherein “b” is a number satisfying 0<b≦1.0.

15. The conductive polymer material according to claim 1, wherein the component (B) is a block copolymer.

16. The conductive polymer material according to claim 1, wherein the component (A) is a polymer formed by polymerization of one or more precursor monomers selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, thiophene, selenophene, tellurophene, aniline, a polycyclic aromatic compound, and a derivative thereof.

17. The conductive polymer material according to claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer material has dispersibility in water or in an organic solvent.

18. A substrate having a conductive film formed thereon by using the conductive polymer material according to claim 1.

19. The substrate according to claim 18, wherein the conductive film is formed by applying the conductive polymer material onto the substrate, and then exposing to a light having a wavelength of 140 to 400 nm or an electron beam.

20. The substrate according to claim 18, wherein the conductive film functions as a transparent electrode layer.