20 : .
Table 15.. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry ‘
health services workers, by industry and occupational group, March 2002 "
Benefit costs |
Total | Wages sy
Series compen- | and ‘Supple- Retirement} Legally Other |
sation | salaries Paid | mentat and | required |
} Total | ave pay | Msurance savings | benefits | benefits? H
|
Cost per hour worked by year i
Health services . sie.18 | sees} s2t0| sos | sis soca | $1.86 (2)
Professional specialty ang technicat 35.30 | 25.89} 941} 335/ 077 1.82 0.95 250 (?)
Professional specialty 4206 | 3144] 1142] 4.44 87 1.99 1.24 2.86 02
Nurses 3313 | 2379 | 934] 284} 110 1.84 98 257 (2)
Technical 2383 | 1726 | 628} 1.65 61 1.57 50 1.95 (2)
Administrative support, including clerical . wes5 | 1203 | 452] 1.10 23 141 50 1.29 (?) H
Service occupations ........ 13.65 993 | 3.72 Bt 29 1.10 30 1.22 ()
Hospitals 2699 | 1909 | 790] 227 16 2.05 78 203 02
Professional specialty and technical . 33.14 | 2362 | 949] 285] 1.09 2.13 94 247 (?)
Professional specialty ... 36.64 | 2627 | 1037] 323/ 118 2.16 1.09 270 02
Nurses . 35.54 | 25.30 | 10.25] 315] 1.31 2.08 1.03 2.66 (?)
Technical 24.87 17.28 739} 1.95 87 2.05 59 1.92 (2)
Administrative support, including clerical .. 18.05 | 1232] 573] 1.42 36 2.03 59 1.33 ()
‘Service occupations ... 15.65 10.60 5.05 1.09 At 1.87 39 1.29 (?)
i
Nursing homes .. 16.05 11.91 414} 1.08 39 97 21 1.50 (?)
Professional specialty and technical . 23sa | 1759] S95} 159 69 1.15 34 217 @)
Professional specialty 27.03 | 2010 | 693] 197 68 1.38 44 2.45 (2)
Technical cn 20.70 | 1555 | 515] 128 70 96 26 194 (2)
Service occupations .. 12.22 ass | 3.26 74 32 86 18 119 ey
Percent of total compensation
Health services cence 100.0 732 | 268 as 1.9 62 27 75 @) i
Protessional specialty and technicat 100.0 733 | 267 95 22 52 27 7A (3) |
Professional specialty .. 100.0 73.4 26.6 10.4 2.0 46 29 67 (3) |
100.0 71.8 | 282 86 33 5.6 30 78 (3)
100.0 734 | 267 7.0 26 67 24 83 (3)
100.0 727 27.3 66 14 BS 3.0 78 (3)
Service occupations ... 100.0 727 273 59 24 81 22 89 (3)
i
HOSpIAIS oo occ orc cere 100.0 707 | 293] 84 28 76 29 75 a
Protessional specialty and technical 100.0 713 | 287 86 33 64 28 75 (3) j
Professional specialty 100.0 m7 | 203} se 32 5.9 3.0 74 1
Nurses . 100.0 712 | 288 89 37 5.9 29 75 (3)
Technical - mn 100.0 700 | 300} 79 35 83 24 78 (3)
Administrative support, including clerical .. 100.0 683] 317} 79 20 11.2 33 74 (3)
Service occupations 100.0 677 | 323} 70 26 ng 25 a2 |° (3)
Nursing homes .. 100.0 7a2 | 28] 67 24 6.0 13 93 (3)
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 747 | 253) 68 29 49 14 92 (3)
Professional specialty .. 100.0 ma | 26] 73 25 54 16 ot (3)
Technicat .. . 100.0 751 | 249 62 34 46 +3 94 ()
Service occupations .. 100.0 733 | 267 61 26 7.0 12 97 ®)
7 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 of less. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding,
3 Less than .05 percent.
i



4

Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by major occupational and industry group, and full-time and part-1 time status, March 2002

Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen-} and Supple- Retirement! Legally | Gine,
sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required .
4 Total | eave | "pay | surance | <2tings | povame | benefits!
Cost per hour worked by year
All full-time workers in private industry . $24.57 | $17.61 | se96] $1.75| $0.75 | $1.69 $0.77 $1.96 $0.03
White-collar occupations 2950 | 2147 | 3803] 234] 0.81 1.85 091 2.08 0.04
Sales 21sa | 1653] sor} 120 47 4.24 4a 187 02
‘Adminis Suppor 19.20 | 1370] 550} 1.39 43 1.65 56 143 03
Blue-collar occupations... 2127 | 1468 | 659} 1.23 Bt 1.73 75 2.04 03
Service occupations . 13.08 9.81 3.47 73 28 95 27 1.24 @)
Goods-producing industries? 2577 | 1766 | art} 4.70] 1.13 2.06 89 227 05
Construction 2557 | 1795 | 7.63 ‘89 1.07 1.64 126 275 (?)
Manutacturing 25.57 | 1740} 817) 195] 1.16 246 75 207 07
‘Service-producing industries4 2441 i759 | 652] 1.77 60 1.55 73 1.85 02
Transportation and public utilities 3153 | 2154] 999} 238] 1.21 2.40 150 245 05
Wholesale trade 2a26 | 1739] 687} 158 79 4.82 65 1.98 04
Retail trade 15.13 | 12.74 | 339 76 23 83 a 1.35 (?)
Finance, insurance, and real estate 30.14 | 2125 | Bag} 2291 1.33 2.02 17 2.01 07
Services 2474 1829} 643] 1.96 A 1.51 69 1.85 (7)
Ail part-time workers in private industry 12.14 976 | 238 40 18 40 15 1.24 (2)
White-collar occupations. 1608 | 1209 | 296 60 24 53 2h 1.38 (2)
Sales ....... 914 753 4.60 23 09 2 10 98 (2)
Administrative support, incuding Clerical 1348 | 10.72 | 276 87 19 61 20 1.18 @)
Blue-collar occupations .. . W731 8.99 272 36 a 53 24 1.38 (?)
Service occupations .. 8.56 7.08 VAT 16 09 18 04 1.00 @)
Goods-producing industries? 13.61 10.79 | 282 40 16 32 32 1.63 (2)
Service-producing inausiest 12.10 973 | 236 40 18 40 15 1.23 ()
Retail rade 8.43 6.95 1.47 16 08 20 07 96 (?)
Service indust 15.48 | 1250] 298 60 26 49 7 1.45 (?)
Percent of total compensation
All full-time workers in private industry . 100.0 m7 | 283 7A 34 69 at 80 O41
White-collar occupations. 100.0 72.8 27.2 79 27 6.3 34 ral Or
Sales 100.0 767 | 233 56 22 58 19 78 a
Administrative ‘support, including clerical 100.0 714 28.6 72 22 86 29 74 2
Blue-collar occupations. - 100.0 69.0 | 31.0 58 38 B41 35 96 1
Service occupations 100.0 735 26.5 56 24 73 24 95 O)
Goods-producing industries? 100.0 685 | 315 66 44 8.0 35 88 2
Construction 100.0 702 | 298 35 42 64 49 108 (5)
Manufacturing 100.0 630 | 320 76 45 84 29 81 3
Service-producing industries* 100.0 73.0 27.0 73 25 64 30 TT a
Transportation and public utes 100.0 683 | 317 75 38 76 |, 48 78 2
Wholesale trade ..... 100.0 7 | 283 65 33 7S 27 82 2
Reta trade .... 100.0 78 | 224 5.0 15 55 1.4 89 «)
Finance, insurance, and real estate .. 100.0 705 | 295 76 44 67 39 67 2
Services 400.0 740 | 260 79 17 61 28 75 (9)
All part-time workers in private industry 100.0 e04 | 196 33 15 33 12 10.2 (5)
White-collar occupations ... 100.0 ao3 | 197 40 16 35 14 92 (3)
Sales 7 100.0 82.4 17.5 25 10 23 44 107 (5)
Administrative support, jncuding ‘clerical 100.0 79.5 205 42 14 45 1S B88 )
Blve-collar occupations . 100.0 768 | 232 34 18 45 20 18 (5)
Service occupations 100.0 827 | 17.2 19 WW 24 5 Ww? (5)
Goods-producing industries? . 400.0 79.3 | 207 29 42 24 24 120 (5)
Service-producing industries* 100.0 80.4 19.5. 33 15 33 12 10.2 @)
Retail trade 100.0 82.4 17.4 19 9 24 8 114 (5)
Service industies 100.0 B07 | 193 39 17 32 1.4 94 ()

) Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits:

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and
Q

retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
Less than .05.percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equa! totals due to rounding.



24 .

1997 issue of Compensation and Working Conditions, “Explaining the Differential Growth Rates of the ECI
and ECEC,” which examined how differences in the construction of these measures contribute to differing
trends.

‘

Standard errors relate to differences that occur from sampling errors, but not from nonsampling errors.

Nonsampling errors are not measured and include survey nonresponse and data collection and processing errors.

Survey nonresponse occurs when sample members are unwilling or unable to participate in the survey. Data

. collection errors include inaccurate data by respondents and definitional difficulties. Processing errors include
errors in recording, coding, and entering data. Although nonsampling errors are not measured, BLS quality
assurance programs contain procedures for reducing such errors. These procedures include data collection
reinterviews, observed interviews, computer data edits, and systematic review of reports on which data are
recorded. Extensive field economist training also is conducted to maintain high data collection standards.

Comparing private and public sector data

Aggregate compensation cost levels in State and local government should not be directly compared with
those in private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work
activities and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private
industry work activities, but are rare in State and local government. White-collar occupations (largely
professional occupations including teachers) account for two-thirds of the State and local government
workforce, compared with one-half of private industry.

A detailed examination of differences in compensation levels and trends between private industry and
State and local government may be found in, “Cost of Employee Compensation in Public and Private Sectors,”
Monthly Labor Review, May 1993, and “Compensation Cost Trends in Private Industry and State and Local
Governments,” Compensation and Working Conditions, Fall 1999.

Obtaining information

Articles, bulletins, and other information may be obtained by calling (202) 691-6199, sending an e-mail
message to ocltinfo@bls.gov, or visiting the Internet site (http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm). Information
in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-
5200; Federal Relay Service Number: 1-800-877-8339.



i Chart A. Relative importance of employer costs Chart B. Employer costs for retirement and

|

for employee compensation, March 2002 savings benefits, private industry, March 2002
: Civilian|State and local} Private Defined Defined
: Benefit Contribution
workers} government lindustry|
Category
[Wages and salaries |72.4%| 70.8%  |72.8%
All workers
Benefits 27.6 29.2 27.2
= Goods-producing i
Paid leave 6.9 78 6.6 Service-producing I
i
White collar i
Supplemental pay | 2.4 0.8 "2.9 Blue collar
~~ Service
Insurance 7.0 9.0 64 ;
Union
Health benefits | 6.5 8.6 59 Nonunion
Northeast }
Retirement/savings| 3.5 5.6 29 South }
T + Midwest
Defined benefit {| 18 | 4.8 144 West
; |
- t
F i 1-99 employees
Defined contrib. | 1.6 07 | 18 100-499 employees

500+ :
Legally required | 78 | 59 | 83 OOF employees
$0.00 $0.50 $1.00 $1.50
Cost per hour worked

Other benefits 0.1 0.2 0.1

Chart C. Employer costs for employee compensation, private industry, March 2002

M@ Wages & salaries 1 Benefits H

Category

All workers
Goods-producing s
Service-producing

(eo TE —————,

Blue collar 4
Service

Union
Nonunion

Northeast
‘South
Midwest
West

1-99 employees
100-499 employees
500+ employees
Full time
Ge  )
$0 $3 $6 $9 $12 SIS $18 $21 $24 $27 $30
Cost per hour worked

Bureau of Labor Statistics OCLT/SDAP 202.691.6199 ocltinfo@bls.gov_http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm
6/02



21
Table 16. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry |
transportation equipment manufacturing and public utilities workers, by industry and occupational group, March 2002
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen. | and Supple- Retirement} Legally | Gor
: sation | salaries Paid | mentat and | required 1
? Tota | eave pay | Insurance savings | benefits | benefits’
Cost per hour worked by year
Transportation equipment manutacturing (SIC-37).......] $34.42 | $22.48 | $1194] $298] $1.91] s207 | sio3 | sz $0.24
‘White-collar occupations 45.30 | 3157 | 1373} 44g] 134 3.20 1.31 3.22 018
Professional specialty and technical .. 46.58 | 3209 | 1448{ 490] 110 355 130 3.42 24 |
Executive, administrative, and managerial 88.62 | 4277 | 1585] 533] 221 2.83 157 373 |. 49
Bive-collar occupations 29.03 | 1795 | 1107] 222] 222 2.85 90 2.62 27
Service occupations 2a74 | 15.49 | 926; 220] 126 275 80 207 19
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 4175 | 2780] 1395] 382] 1.78 351 1.41 3.20 22
‘White-collar occupations 4498 | 30.64 | 1434] 436] 1.28 3.60 156 3.30 23
Blve-collar occupations 36.56 | 2326 | 1330} 295] 259 3.35 1.15 3.06 a)
Public utilities (SIC’s 48, 49) aato {2275 | 11.44) 347] 1.62 252 1.63 2.40 mn
White-coltar occupations sary | 23.22 | 1149} 312] 170 2.46 1.69 2.39 13
Blue-collar occupations... 3380 | 2221 | 1159] 333} 1150 270 1.54 2.45 07
Communications (SIC 48) 33.60 { 2253 f 1107| 309] 1.63 229 4.65 231 10
White-collar occupations 33.77 | 2271 | 11061 298] 168 222 176 2:30 a
Bilve-collar occupations .. 3328 | 2231 | w17]} 343] 149 248 1.33 2.34 09 |
Electric, gas, and sanitary services (sie 4s) 35.35 | 2317 | 1218] 352] 1.59 2.98 1.58 257 12
‘White-collar occupations 3752 | 2472 | 1280] 355] 176 316 1.48 265 20
Blve-collar occupations: 34.32 22.31 12.01 3.24 1.50 2.92 175 2.55 0S
Percent of total compensation
Transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37) 400.0 653 | 347 87 55 86 30 82 o7
White-collar occupations 100.0 697 30.3 9.9 3.0 cAI 29 71 o4
Professional specialty a1 100.0 68.9 314 10.5 24 7.6 28 73 5
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 73.0 27.0 a4 38 48 27 64 3
Bive-collar occupations .. leave 100.0 618 | 381 76 76 98 31 90 9
Service occupations 400.0 62.6 37.4 Bg 54 wt 32 84 8
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC S721) 100.0 66.6 33.4 ot 43 84 34 77 Ss
‘White-collar occupations .. 100.0 68.1 9 97 28 8.0 35 7.3 Ss
Blue-colfar occupations ....... 100.0 63.6 36.4 Bt 7 92 31 B4 6
Public utilities (SIC"s 48, 49) 100.0 66.5 33.5 93 47 74 48 70 3
White-collar occupations 100.0 669 | 334 90 49 7 49 69 4
Blue-collar occupations ... 100.0 65.7 34.3 99 44 8.0 46 72 2
Communications (SIC 48) 100.0 67.1 329 92 49 68 49 69 3
White-collar occupations 100.0 e72 | s28] Bs 5.0 66 52 68 3
Biue-collar occupations... 100.0 664 | 336 | 103 45 75 40 70 3
Electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49) .. 100.0 655 | 345] 94 45 84 4s 73 3
White-collar occupations ........ 100.0 65.9 34.1 95 47 84 39 ral 5
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 650 | 350] 94 44 85 54 74 4

1 includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



23

(3721) and the' 3-digit health care and educational industries. For more information on SIC coding, see “BLS
Establishment Estimates Revised to Incorporate March 1996 Benchmarks” in the June 1997 issue of
Employment and Earnings. For State and local governments, employment counts ranged from those for 3-digit
industries, such as education and health care, to those for major industry divisions, such as public
administration.

Employment data from these 2-, 3-, and 4-digit industries were distributed to major occupational groups
(such as executives, administrators, and managers or machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors) using the
relative importance of the groups in the Employment Cost Index (ECI) sample. Because the ECI establishment
sample is completely replaced over a period of several years, major occupational group employment counts
from the ECI are affected by the age of the sample. However, a few years’ difference in the age of the
occupational data within industries is likely to have a small impact on the estimates.

In contrast, the ECI, which measures the change in employer costs for employee compensation, is
calculated with fixed 1990 employment counts to prevent employment shifts among occupations and industries

from influencing the changes. Therefore, year-to-year changes in Employer Costs for Employee Compensation
will differ from those in the ECI.

Historical data and related articles on the ECEC are included in the bulletin, Employer Costs for
Employee Compensation, 1986-99 (Bulletin 2508). An historical summary from 1986 through 2002 is also
available on the Internet site (http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ecvhome.htm) or upon request. Information on how costs
are calculated appears in “Measuring Trends in the Structure and Levels of Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation,” Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer 1997. An article on changes in employer

compensation costs appears in “Tracking Changes in Benefit Costs,” Compensation and Working Conditions,
Spring 1999.

Relative Standard Errors

Because the ECEC is a sample survey, it is subject to sampling errors. Sampling errors are differences
that occur between the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed from all
‘observations in the population. The estimates derived from different samples selected using the same sample
design may differ from one another. A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is the standard
error. It can be used to measure the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the
expected result of all possible samples. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the survey
differs from a complete population figure by less than the standard error. The chances are about 90 out of 100
that this difference would be less than 1.6 times the standard error. Al] the statements of comparisons appearing
in this publication are significant at a 1.6 standard error level or better, unless otherwise indicated. This means
that for differences cited, the estimated difference is greater than 1.6 times the standard error of the difference.

The relative standard error (RSE) is shown with the cost estimates for some series in the appendix table.
The RSE for all estimates will be available shortly after the release is issued. This information can be obtained
directly from the BLS Intemet site (http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm), by e-mail request
(ocltinfo@bls. gov), or by telephone (202) 691-6199.

For a more detailed explanation of relative standard errors, see “Measuring Trends in the Structure and
Levels of Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,” Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer
1997. For a detailed explanation of how to use standard error data to analyze differences in year-to-year
changes, see "Analyzing Year-to-Year Changes in Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,”
Compensation and Working Conditions, Spring 1998. This article supplements an article from the Summer



|

18 -

‘Table 13.. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry |‘
workers, by bargaining status, and major industry and occupational group, March 2002 :

Benefit costs
Total | Wages ‘ ]
Series compen- and ‘Supple- Retirement} Legally Other |
; sation | salaries Paid | mental and required '
' Totat TF teave | "pay | !nsurance |. vings fits | benefits? |
Cost per hour worked by year

All union workers, private industry $29.42 | $19.33 | sio09] $208] $1.08 $2.76 $1.64 $2.46 $0.07

Bive-collar occupations... 29.26 | 1872 | 1056] 196] 1.18 2.90 1.80 2.62 0.10
Goods-producing industries? atoa | 1966 | 1148] 1991 - 165 3.06 1.90 276 12.
Service-producing industries? .... 28.25 | 19.36 | 909] 215 8&7 254 1.44 224 04
Manufacturing 27.94 | 17.81 | 1013] 228] 1.57 277 1.02 233 15

Blue-collar occupations 27.48 | 17.37 | 1010] 225] 1:59 275 1.01 234 15
Nonmanufacturing 30.06 | 19.98 | 1008] 200 87 2.76 1.90 251 04 |

All nonunion workers, private industry .. 2079 | 1598 | sat} 1.36 56 1.23 st 172

Blve-collar occupations .. 1756 | 1267 | 4.89 89 61 12 37 1.78
Goods-producing industries? .. 24.00 16.94 7.06 | 1.58 97 174 6t 242 H
Service-producing industries? 20.01 | 15.00] 500} 1.31 46 mw 49 1.62 i
Manufacturing 24.49 | 17.03 | 747] 181] 1.02 1.94 67 1.98

Biue-collar occupations... i856 | 1269 | 587| 1.14 85 1.65 48 1.73
Nonmanulacturing ... 20.19 | 1512} soz] 129 a9 142 49 1.68

Percent of total compensation
All union workers, private industry .. 100.0 657 | 343 7A 37 94 5.6 a4 02

Bive-collar occupations .. 100.0 63.9 | 361 67 40 99 61 89 03
Goods-producing industries? ...... . . 100.0 63.0 37.0 64 53 99 61 89 4
Service-producing industries? 100.0 678 | 322 76 24 90 51 79 1
Manutacturing .... 100.0 637 | 363} a2 56 99 37 83 s

Biue-collar occupations .. 100.0 633 | 368] 82 58 100 37 85 5
Nonmanufacturing ....... 100.0 665 | 335 67 29 92 63 83 1

All nonunion workers, private industry 100.0 740 | 260] 65 27 5.9 25 a3 1

Blue-collar occupations .......-- 100.0 722 | 278 54 35 69 24 104 ()
Goods-producing industries? . 100.0 706 | 294] 66 40 73 25 8B 2
Service-producing industries? .... | 100.0 75.0 | 250 65 23 55 24 81 (8)
Manutacturing sesseeseencaes 100.0 69.5 30.5 74 42 79 27 B41 2

Blue-coliar occupations 100.0 68.4 31.6 61 AB 8.9 26 93 ¢ Sy
Nonmanofacturing 100.0 749 25.1 64 24 55 24 83 (8)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Less than .05 percent.

3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and
retail trade; finance, insurance, and sea) estate; and service industries. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a

workers, by major industry group, March 2002

10

percent of total compensation: Private industry

eng? i 5 , .

Compensation Allworkers, Goods producing? | Service producing? | Manufacturing | Nonmanutactusing
' component

Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Pescent }| Cost | Percent} Cost | Percent

Total compensation $21.71 | 100.0 | $25.44 | 100.0 | $20.66 { 100.0 | $25.20 | 1000 | $21.06 | 1000
Wages and salaries 1580 | 728 | 17.47 | 687 1533 | 742 | 17.19 | 682 | 1555] 738
Total benefits 590 | 27.2 796 | 31.3 533 | 258 8.04 31.8 551 | 262
Paid leave 144 66 4.66 65 1.37 66 191 76 1.35 64
Vacation 72 33 86 34 68 33 97 38 67 32
Holiday 49 23 60 24 46 22 70 28 AS 24
Sick AT 8 12 Ss 18 9 34 & a7 8
Other 06 3 08 3 06 3 10 4 05 2
Supplemental pay . 62 29 1a 44 4B 23 113 45 52 25
Premium? 24 11 54 24 16 8B 56 22 18 9
Shitt differentials 06 3 08 3 05 2 1 A 05 2
Nonproduction bonu: 32 15 49 19 7 13 AB ) 29 14
Insurance .. 1.40 64 201 79 1.22 59 an 84 1.27 60
Lile 04 2 06 2 04 2 06 2 04 2
Health .. 1.29 59 1.84 72 1:13 55 1.92 76 17 56
Short-term disability 04 2 08 3 03 1 08 3 03 a
Long-term disability . 03 a 03 a 03 1 04 2 03 a
Retirement and savings 63 29 88 35 56 27 74 29 6t 29
Defined benefit ... 23 WwW 42 Ww 17 8 30 12 21 10
Defined contribution .. 40 18 AB 18 39 19 a4 47 40 19
Legally required benefits 1.80 83 2.25 88 1.67 81 2.05 81 175 | 83
Social Security+ 1.32 61 1.49 89 1.27 61 1.48 59 1.29 61
OASDI .. 1.06 49 1.20 47 1.02 49 1.19 az 1.03 49
Medicare : . 26 12 29 a4 25 1.2 29 12 25 42
Federal unemployment insurance .. 03 1 03 a 03 4 03 A 03 1
State unemployment insurance 10 S 12 5 09 4 1 4 09 4
Workers’ compensation 38 16 61 24 28 14 43 Ww 34 16
Other benefits> .... 03 1 05 2 02 4 o7 3 02 a

7 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

2 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and
retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries,
3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule

(such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI

portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors,

and Disal

insurance.

5 includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



7

Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Civilian
workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2002

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen- and ‘Supple- “ |Retirement} Legally Other
: sation | salaries Paid | mental ; and | required
+ Total | eave pay | !nsurance | wings | benefits | benefits?
Cost per hour worked by year
Civilian workers ..... $23.15 | $16.76 | s639] $1.59[ sose} $1.61 $0.80 | $1.80 | $003
Occupational group
‘White-collar occupations .... 28.02 | 2057 | 7.45] 207] o59 1.84 0.97 14.94 0.04
Professional specialty and technical . 37.39 | 2769] 970] 278 56 2.36 1.49 245 06
Professional specialty .... 40.04 | 29.83 | 10.22] 296 52 247 1.64 255 07
Nurses 3373 | 24431 931] 274] 418 1.80 1.00 257 02
Teachers 4190 | 31.98 | 991] 221 08 2.93 224 238 09
Technical 2849 | 2052] 797| 218 87 1.98 1.00 an 02
Executive, administrative, and managerial 4220 | 30.30 | 1190] 365] 150 239 1.58 273 08
Administrative support, including clerical . 18.41 | 1347 | 525} 1.33 34 162 S7 1.36 02
|
Bive-collar occupations 2041 | 1414} 627] 4.20 72 1.66 ve 1.95 03
Service occupations 13.09 960 | 349 76 25 88 40 119 | (2) |
Industry group
Services .. = 2482} 1849] 693] 1.75 32 1.62 84 1.78 02
Health services ... 2495 | 1811 | 6a} 215 50 1.60 72 1.85 (?)
Hospitals ... 2694 | 1888 | 805] 235 74 2.08 86 2.00 02
Educational services - 3335 | 2470} ges} 213 aT 268 1.73 1.94 06
Elementary and secondary education 3287 | 2424} 932) 185 08 291 1.61 1.77 09
Higher education eset . 35.54 26.10 9.44 2.66 14 2.42 2.02 2.19 (7)

Percent of total compensation

Civiian workers 100.0 72a | 276] 69 24 7.0 35 78 04
Occupational group T
White-collar occupations 100.0 73.4 26.6 74 24 66 35 69 On j
Professional specialty a1 100.0 74.4 25.9 74 15 63 40 66 2
Professional specialty 100.0 TAS 25.5 74 13 62 at 64 2 |
Nurses .... - 100.0 wea | 276] as 35 53 3.0 78 1
Teachers 100.0 76.3 23.7 53 2 70 5.3 57 2
Technical .... . . 100.0 72.0 28.0 77 24 69 35 74 1
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 718 {| 22] 286 36 57 37 65 a
Administrative support, including clerical... 100.0 715 | 285 72 18 as 31 74 1
Blue-collar occupations ... 100.0 69.3 30.7 59 35 B1 35 96 1
Service occupations 100.0 733 | 267 58 19 67 34 94 (3)
Industry group
Services 100.0 74s | 255 4 74 13 65 34 72 1 |
Heath services. 100.0 726 | 274 86 20 64 29 74 (3)
Hospitals 100.9 701 | 299 87 27 77 32 74 a
Educational services 100.0 741 | 259) 64 3 80 52 58 2
Elementary and secondary education 100.0 74 | 255] 57 2 89 49 54 3
Higher education .. 400.0 73.4 26.6 75 “4 68 S7 62 (3)

2 Includes severance pay and supplemental. unemployment benefits.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
> Less than .05 percent.



6

Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
Civilian workers, by major occupational group, March 2002

Compensation Civilian workers White collar Blue coliar Service
component

Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent

Total compensation ....... $23.15 | 1000 | $2802 | 100.0 | s20.41 100.0 | $1309 | 100.0
‘Wages and salaries 16.76 724 20.57 73.4 1414 69.3 9.60 73.3
. Total benefits ... 6.39 278 7.45 26.6 6.27 307 + 3.49 267
1.59 69 2.07 74 1.20 59 76 58

74 32 94 34 60 29 34 28

Holiday 54 23 69 25 43 21 28 19
Sick 23 1.0 33 12 12 6 13 10
Other 08 3 1 4 05 2 04 3
Supplemental pay .. 56 24 59 at 72 35 25 19
Premium’ 22 1.0 or 4 50 24 13 1.0
Shift differentials 06 3 05 2 07 3 05 4
Nonproduction bonuses ... 28 12 42 15 15 7 07 Ss
1.61 70 1.84 66 1.668 81 88 67

04 2 08 2 04 2 02 2

1.50 65 1.70 61 1.55 76 84 64

08 2 04 1 05 2 02 2

Long-term disability 03 4 04 1 02 a (7) @)
Retirement and savings 80 35 97 35 72 35 40 34
Defined benefit . a2 18 46 16 43 24 30 23
Defined contribution 38 16 52 19 29 14 10 8B
Legally required benefits 1.80 78 1.94 69 4.95 96 1.19 oa
Social Security 1.34 58 1.60 57 1.20 59 79 60
‘OASD) .. 1.07 46 1.27 45 7 48 64 49
Medicare . 27 12 33 4.2 23 1 16 12
Federal unemployment insurance 03 1 03 + 03 1 03 2
State unemployment insurance 09 4 08 3 10 5 08 6
Workers’ compensation ........ 35 15 23 8 62 30 29 22
‘Other benefits® ..... 03. 1 04 a 03 1 (7) (8)

7 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work

‘schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an

OASDI portion and a Medicare portion.
‘Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.

5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

OASDI is the acronym for

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

|
|



19 |

Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by establishment employment size, and major industry and occupational group, March 2002

Benefit costs
7 Total Wages
Industry and Opeupanonal group, compen- | and Supple- Retirement} Legally '
4 andemployment si sation | salaries | 214, | Paid | mental | and | required | | Other |
: feave | pay | 'SUANCE | covings | benefits | benefits!
Cost per hour worked by year
All workers in private industry .. $21.71 | $15.80 | $590} $1.44] soe2 | $1.40 $0.63 | $1.80 | $0.03
1-99 workers 1851 | 1388] 463} 105] 0.47 1.03 042 1.64 (7)
100 or more workers, 25.48 | 18.07 | 741| 189 79 1.83 88 1.98 Os
100-499 workers 2199 } 1587 | 612] 147 68 1.52 1.80 02
500 os more workers - 29.79 | 2079 | 900] 242 93 2.20 1.18 219 08
Goods-producing industries? . 25.44 | 1747 | 796] 166] 1.17 201 88 2.25 05
4-99 workers .. 22.06 15.64 642] 1.03 89 1.55 69 2.26 @)
100 of more workers. 28.00 | 1887 | 913] 214] 128 237 1.02 2.24 09
100-499 workers .. 23.74.) 1611 | 762] 154] 118 2.05 80 2.02 03
500 oF more workers 3276 { 21.95 | 1081] 2839] 14.238 27 1.27 248 16
Service-producing industries* 2066 | 1533 | 533} 137 48 1.22 56 167 02
1-99 workers ... 17.75 | 1351 | 425] 106 38 92 37 151 (2)
100 or more workers 24.54 W77 677 1.80 61 1.62 82 1.88 03
400-899 workers... 21.38 | 1578 | seo} 1.48 50 134 ST 173 02 |
500 of more workers .... 2860 {| 2032 | 827] 226 75 2.00 1.45 2.08 04
White-collar occupations . 26.43 | 1948 { 695] 197 69 1.57 76 1.93 03
1-99 WORKETS ..cecevcrcen 2251 | 17.001 sso] 152 56 121 51 170 @)
100 or more workers .. 30.42, 22.00 - B42 242 83 1.93 1.02 2.16 06
100-499 workers .. 26.33 19.37 6.97 193 77 1.61 74 1.95. 03
500 or more workers 3482 | 2483 | 999} 296 95 2.28 1.32 2.40 08
Blue-collar occupations 20is | 1407 | 61a} 1.13 74 1.59 69 1.96 03
1-99 workers .... 18.45 13.30 515 85 58 4.25 52 1.95, (7)
100 or more workers .. 22.19 14.86 7.33 1.46 94 2.00 89 1.98 0S
100-499 workers ........ 19.61 13.46 6.15, 4.12 77 1.72 67 184 02
500 or more workers 2614 | i699} 915| +99] 149 2.44 424 2.20 10 |
|
Percent of tolal compensation |
All workers in private ‘industry i 100.0 728 27.2 6.6 29 64 29 83 O41
1-99 workers. . 100.0 75.0 25.0 S87 25 56 23 89 ()
100 or more workers .... 100.0 70.9 29.1 74 34 72 35 78 2
100-499 workers ...... 100.0 72.2 27.8 67 34 69 29 82. 1
500 of More workers 100.0 69.8 30.2 B41 34 74 40 74 3
Goods-producing industries? 100.0 68.7 313 65 44 79 35 BB 2
1-99 workers . an 100.0 70.9 29.1 47 4.0 7.0 34 10.2 O)
100 or more workers. 100.0 674 | 326] 76 46 8S 36 80 3
100-499 workers... 100.0 67.9 | 324 65 5.0 86 34 a5 1
500 or more workers 100.0 670 | 330} 86 42 83 39 78 Ss
Service-producing industries* 100.0 742 258 66 23 59 27 a1 a
1-99 workers ..... 400.0 76.1 23.9 60 24 52 24 B5 (5)
100 or more workers 100.0 724 | 26] 73 25 66 33 77 4
100-499 workers .. 100.0 73.8 26.2 67 23 63 27 81 1
500 or more workers 100.0 710 | 29} 79 26 7.0 40 73 a
White-coliar occupations 100.0 737 | 23] 75 26 59 29 73 4
1-99 workers ...... 100.0 75.5 24.4 68 25 54 23 76 (8)
100 or more workers. 100.0 72.3 277 8.0 27 63 34 71 2
100-499 worker: 100.0 73.6 26.5 73 27 61 28 74 a
500 or more workers 100.0 m3 | 27] 65 27 65 38 69 2
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 65 | 305] 56 37 79 34 97 a)
1-99 workers ..... 100.0 724 27.9 46 34 68 28 10.6 @)
100 or more workers 100.0 67.0 | 330} 66 42 9.0 40 89 2
100-499 workers 100.0 686 } 314 | 57 39 88 34 94 1
500 or more workers 100.0 65.0 | 350] 76 46 93 47 84 4
} Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate: and service industries.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. © Less than .05 percent.
3 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
“Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



9

Fable 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and
Socal government, by occupational and industry group, March 2002

Benefit costs
Totat_ | Wages
Series compen: | and ‘Supple- Retirement] Legatly | ona:
’ sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required +
t Total | eave | “pay | Insurance | 2" ings | benefits | benefits’
Cost per hour worked by year
Slate and local government workers $31.29 | $2214 | $9.15] $243] so2e} see2 | $174 $1.84 $0.06
Occupational group
White-collar occupations .... 3478 | 2821] 957] 253] 015 2.98 1.87 1.96 0.07
Protessional speciatty and technical 4051 | 3018 | 1033] 248 16 B14 2.23 222 09
Professional special 4182 } 31.29 | 1053] 249 14 3.23 231 227 09
ese 4439 | 3369 | 1070] 234 07 331 253 233 4
2659 | 1835 | 82a] 240 43 221 1.41 1.75 04
Executive, administrative, and managerial 3942 | 2757 | 11.851 4.03 47 3.21 216 2.25 04
Administrative support, including clerical 20.14 | 1341 | 673] 182 42 2.54 96 1.25 04
Biue-collar occupations .. 2659 | 1620] B38] 229 39 270 1.26 7 04
Service occupations 23.50 15.31 B19 2.20 56 2.33 154 1.50 06
Industry group
. 3280 | 2392 | ges! 223 17 282 173 1.86 07
Health services 26.03 | 1748 | 955] 260 70 2.26 1.14 1.81 04
Hospitals... 2673 | 1902 | 870] 268 68 224 119 1.88 04
Educational services seen 3417 | 2523 | B94] 215 10 2.90 1.84 1.87 07
Elementary and secondary education .. 33.29 24.73 8.55 1.89 08 3.04 1.69 176 10
Higher education a . 36.86 | 2699 | 967] 277 16 2.60 223 210 (?)
Public administration ... 2861 | 1902} 959] 283 42 276 178 175 06
Percent of totat compensation
State and local government workers 100.0 vos | 292] 78 08 9.0 56 59 02
Occupational group.
White-coliar occupations 300.0 vs | as} 73 04 86 54 56 02
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 745 | 255] 61 4 78 55 55 2
Professional specially «2c. 100.0 748 | 252} 60 3 77 55 54 2
Teachers . 100.0 759 2441 5.3 2 75 57 52 2
Technical .. vest . 100.0 60 | 310] 90 16 83 53 66 2
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 69.9 30,4 10.2 A 84 55 57 1
Administrative support, including clerical... 100.0 66 | 334] 90 6 126 48 62 2
Blue-coliar occupations 100.0 659 | 341 93 1.6 11.0 54 70 2
Service occupations .. 100.0 651 | 349] 94 24 99 66 64 3
Industry group
Services .. 100.9 729 | 274 68 5] 86 53 57 2
Health services: 400.0 67.2 328 10.0 27 87 44 7.0 2
Hospitals 100.0 674 | 325] 100 25 84 45 70 4
Educational services . 100.0 738 | 262] 63 3 85 54 55 2
Elementary and secondary education 300.0 743 | 27] 57 2 ot 5A 53 3
Higher education 100.0 732 { 28] 75 4 74 60 57 (9)
Public administration 100.0 66s | 335} 99 15 96 62 61 2

} Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum ot individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



25

Appendix. Employer costs per hour worked for components of compensation, and relative standard errors,? by major industry and

occupation categories, March 2002

Benefit costs
Total Wages
Industry or -
ation category compen- | and __ | Suppie- Retirement} Legatly | oer
’ Occup: sation | salaries | 7.4.) | Paid | mentat insurance and required | etite?
H leave pay savings | benefits e
Civilian workers
Cost per hour worked by year $23.15 | $16.76 | $639} $1.50] $056] $1.61 $0.80 $1.80 | $0.03
Relative error 24 24 27 | 38 52 22 36 24 108
State and local government workers. .
Cost per hour worked by year $31.29 | $2214 | $915] $243] s26 |. s2e2 S74 $1.84 $08
Relative error ....... 13 1.3 47 19 66 20 33 24 26.5
Private industry workers
Cost per hour worked by year $21.71 | $15.80 | $5.90] $1.44] sez] $1.40 $63 | $1.80 $.03
Relative error 34 30 34 5.0 55 29 54 25 10.2
Goods-producing industries?
Cost per hour worked by year $25.44 | $17.47 | $7.96} $1.66] $1.41] $2.01 $88 $2.25 $.05
Relative error ... 28 27 35 44 78 38 73 22 173
Service-producing industries*
Cost per hour worked by year $20.66 | $15.33 | $533} st37] saa] $1.22 $56 | $1.67 $02
Relative error ... eve 34 33 40 | 58 78 34 51 28 10.4
Manutacturing
Cost per hour worked by year $2520 | $17.39 | saort sio1} sia3} soa $74 $2.05 $.07
Relative ertor ...... 26 26 3.0 as 72 34 5.9 19 18.4
Nonmanutacturing
Cost per hour worked by year $21.06 | $15.55 | $5.51] $1.35] $52] $1.27 3.61 $1.75 $.02
Relative error .... 35 33 ai 59 76 35 61 28 10.4
White-collar workers
Cost per hour worked by year $26.43 | st9.48 | s695| $197] seo} $1.57 $76 $1.93 3.03
Relative F708 «oo. 37 36 40 | 87 9.0 26 50 30 94
Blue-coltar workers
Cost per hour worked by year ........... {| $20.15 | $1401 | $614] $1.13 $74 $1.59 $.69 $1.96 $.03
Relative error .... — eteesees 7 2.0 VW 29 35 29 36 64 24 214
Service workers
Cost per hour worked by year .. $10.95 | $842 | sess] sas} $19 $.59 $16 $1.13 (8)
Relative error .. a 32 27 5A BS 99 74 Wa 26 (8)

1 The relative error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.
One can be 90-percent confident that the interval around the cost estimate
bounded by 1.6 times plus and 1.6 times minus the standard error contains the
“true* cost.

2 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

* Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesate and

retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries,

© Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

§ Relative error is suppressed because cost per hour worked is $0.01 or

less.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



. ‘of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical Contact: : USDL: 02-346
(202) 691-6199 ocltinfo@bls.gov
Media Contact:

(202) 691-5902
Intemet address:

http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm

FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EDT
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 19, 2002

EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION - MARCH 2002

In March 2002, employer costs for em

ployee compensation for civilian workers in private industry and
State and local government in the United Stat

es averaged $23.15 per hour worked, the U.S. Department of
joday. Wages and salaries, which averaged $16.76, accounted for |

(See table 1.)

Legally required benefits averaged $1.80 per hour (7.8 percent of total compensation), representing the
largest non-wage employer cost. Employer costs for paid Jeave benefits averaged $1.59 (6.9 percent), insurance

benefits averaged $1.61 (7.0 percent), and retirement and savings benefits averaged 80 cents (3.5 percent) per
hour worked.

Private Industry . ‘

In March 2002, private industry employer compensation costs averaged $21.71 per hour worked.

Wages and salaries averaged $15.80 per hour (72.8 percent), while benefits averaged $5.90 (27.2 percent).
(See table 5.) .

Compensation costs ‘varied by industry, occupational group, region, establishment size, and worker |
characteristics such as bargaining status and full- or part-time status.

Average employer compensation costs were $25.44 per hour in goods-producing industries, higher than
the $20.66 per hour reported in service-producing industries. Among industry groups, average compensation
costs ranged from $11.79 in retail trade to $29.65 in transportation and public utilities. (See table 10.)

NOTE: The schedule of the Employer-Costs for Employee Compensation will change from an annual to
a quarterly publication. In addition to the March release, future releases will be issued for June,
September, and December. See Page 22 for details.



12 oe

Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by *
region and bargaining status, March 2002 :

Region? Bargaining status .
“compares Northeast South Midwest West Union Nonunion
: Gost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | percent
Total compensation $25.00 | 1000 | $19.49 | 1000 | s2125 | 1006 | sz2se | 1000 | sev42 | 1000 | szo7a | 1000 1
Wages and salaries 17.97 79 14.34 73.6 15.29 72.0 16.68 735 19.33 65.7 15.38 74.0 |
Total benefits 7.04 | 282 514] 264 596 | 280 599 | 264 | 1009 { 343 541} 260
. 1.83 73 124 64 1.35, 64 1.48 65 2.08 74 1.36 65
92 37 62 32 68 3.2 74 33 1.08 37 68 33
62 25 A2 22 AT 22 51 22 68 23 AT 23
22 9 14 7 14 7 19 8 23 8 16 8
08 3 05 3 o7 3 05 2 10 3 06 3 ‘
a 3a 50 26 73 34 52 23 1.08 37 56 27
. 22 9 22 W 30 14 23 1.0 66 22 19 2
‘Shitt differentials... . 06 2 04 2 08 4 05 2 16 5 04 2
Nonproduction bonuses: 49 20 24 12 35 16 24 WwW 26 g 33 16
1.62, 65 1.25 64 1.47 69 1.35 60 2.76 94 4.23 59
05 2 04 2 04 2 04 2 07 2 04 2
1.48 59 1.14 58 1.35 64 1.26 5.6 257 B7 113 54
06 2 04 2 0S 2 03 1 08 3 04 2
Long-term disability __. 03 1 03 2 03 1 03 05 2 03 1
Retirement and savings .. 80 32 52 27 63 85 29 1.64 5.6 51 25 i
Defined benefit 27 at 47 9 28 13 22 1.0 4.16 39 12 6
Defined contribution .... 53 Qt 35 18 35 1 43 19 AB 16 39 19
Legally required benefits ... 1.98 79 1.61 B83 1.75, B2 197 87 2.46 B84 172 83
Sociat Security? 1.47 5.9 1.20 62 129 61 1.39 61 3.65 5.6 1.28 62
V7 47 97 5.0 1.04 4a 412 49 1.33 45 1.03 5.0
30 12 23 12 25 12 27 42 32 Wt 25 12
Federal unemployment insurance: 03 1 03 2 03 a 03 1 03 at 03 1
State unemployment insurance ........ 14 6 06 3 09 4 12 5 13 4 09 4
Workers’ compensation ...... 34 14 31 16 34 16 43 19 65 22 32 15
Other benefits? .. 04 2 02 1 03 1 02 1 O07 2 02 1
' The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast’ Connecticut, Maine, 2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as.
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, overtime, weekends, and holidays).
and Vermont, South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, * The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASD! portion
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South _and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym tor Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability
Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois; Indiana, Insurance.
lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South * Inctudes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii,
idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Note: The sum of individual items. ‘May not equal totals due to rounding.



ll

Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
Private industry workers, by major occupational group, March 2002

Compensation All workers White collar Blue collar Service
; component
* Cost || Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent :
Totat compensation ... $21.71 100.0 {| $26.43 | 100.0 | $2015 | 1000 | si095 | 100° |
Wages and salaries .. 15.80 728 19.48 737 14.01 69.5 8.42 769
Total benefits 5.90 272 6.95 263 614 305 253 2a1
Paid leave ... 1.44 66 1.97 75 1.13 56 AB 42
72 33 98 37 58 29 22 20
a9 23 66 25 at 20 “15 14
Az 8 24 9 410 5 07 6
06 3 0B 3 05 2 02 2
62 29 69 26 74 37 19 Ww |
24 ww 13 S St 25 09 « 8 |
06 3 06 2 07 3 04 4 |
32 15 50 19 16 8 06 5 |
Insurance 1.40 64 157 59 1.59 79 59 54
Lite 04 2 05 2 04 2 (?) @)
Health .. 1.29 59 1.42 54 1.48 73 56 54
‘Short-term disability 04 2 05 2 05 2 (2) (3)
Long-term disability .. 03 1 04 2 02 1 (7) @)
Retirement and savings 63 29 76 29 69 34 16 15
Defined benefit .... 23 WW a9 7 39 19 06 5
Defined contribution 40 18 ST 22 30 15 10 9
Legally required benefits 1.80 83 1.93 73 1.96 97 1.13 103
Social Security 4.32 61 1.58 60 1.20 60 76 69
OASDI 1.06 49 1.26 48 37 48 62 5.7
Medicare seven 26 12 32 12 23 a 14 1.3
Federal unemployment insurance 03 1 03 1 03 1 04 4 |
State unemployment insurance ....... - 10 5 09 3 At 5 08 a i
Workers’ compensation ...... 7 35 16 22 8 63 31 25 23
‘Other benefits> 03 1 03 4 03 1 (2) (3)

includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work ASD} portion and a Medicare portion OASDI is the acronym for
schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits,

3 Less than .05 percent.

* The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an _Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totats due to rounding,



8 3

Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local *

government, by selected characteristics,’ March 2002 .
Compensation AM workers White collar occupations | Service occupations Service industries .
component Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
¥
‘Total compensation $31.29 100.0 $34.78 100.0 $23.50 100.0 $32.80 100.0
Wages and salaries 22.14 70.8 25.21 725 15.34 65.1 23.92 729
Tota! benefits ... 915 292 9.57 275 8.19 34.9 888 274
243 78 253 73 220 94 2.23 68
84 27 78 22 94 40 62 19
80 26 84 24 70 3.0 75 23
61 19 70 20 40 7 66 20
19 6 2 6 15 8 20 6
26 8 15 4 56 24 17 5
13 4 04 a 29 12 06 2 |
Shift differentials 06 2 04 1 13 8 05 2 i
Nonproduction bonuses ... 08 3 o7 2 14 & 06 2 i
Insurance 2.82 90 2.98 86 233 99 282 a6
Lite 06 2 06 2 04 2 05 2
Health 269 86 2.86 a2 220 94 2m 83 |
‘Short-term disability 03 1 02 a O7 3 02 a t
Long-term disability 03 1 04 1 02 4 04 a i
Retirement and savings 174 56 1.87 54 1.54 66 1.73 53 i
Defined benefit 1.53 48 1.61 46 1.44 61 1.51 46 :
Defined contribution 23 7 26 7 10 4 22 7
Legally required benefits .... 1.84 59 1.96 56 1.50 64 1.86 87
Social Security . 1.46 47 1.66 48 96 44 1.57 48
‘OASDI . 1.43 36 1.28 37 73 34 121 37
Medicare .. 33 a1 38 qa 23 4.0 35 14
Federal unemployment insurance (4) () (4) (°) “) ()y “) «@)
State unemployment insurance 04 a 04 1 04 03 1 H
‘Workers’ compensation 34 WW 27 8 50 24 25 8 |
Other benefits® 06 2 07 2 06 3 o7 2
} This table presents data for the two major occupational groups in State 3 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI

and local govemments: White-collar occupations, largely professional —_ portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors,
‘occupations, including teachers, and service occupations, including police and —_and Disability Insurance.

firefighters; and one major industry group, services. The service industries, 4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State 5 Less than .05 percent.
and local govemment workforce. 6 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule
(such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



22

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average cost per employee hour
worked that employers pay for wages and salaries and benefits.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate or, for workers not paid on an
hourly basis, straight-time earnings divided by the corresponding hours. Straight-time wage and salary rates are
total earnings before payroll] deductions and include production bonuses, incentive earings, commission
payments, and cost-of-living adjustments. Not included in straight-time earings are nonproduction bonuses
such as lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases, shift differentials, and premium pay for
overtime and for work on weekends and holidays; these payments are included in the benefits component.

Benefits include: Paid leave--vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other leave; supplemental pay--
premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays),
shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses (such as referral bonuses and lump-sum payments provided in
lieu of wage increases); insurance benefits--life, health, short-term disability, and long-term disability;
retirement and savings benefits--defined benefit and defined contribution plans; legally required benefits--social
security, medicare, Federal and State unemployment insurance, and workers’ compensation; and other benefits—
severance pay and supplemental unemployment plans.

The March 2002 Survey

The March 2002 Employer Costs for Employee Compensation include data from both private indastry
and State and local government. Not included are the self-employed and farm, household, and Federal
government workers. The reference period is the payroll period that includes March 12 as the reference period.

The publication schedule for the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation will change. Future
publications will be issued on a quarterly basis, with data collected for the pay period including the 12" day of
the survey months of March, June, September, and December. Publications will be issued approximately three
months after the month of reference. The tables included in the quarterly news release will be unchanged from
the current format and also will be available on the Intemet. Data will be available on a quarterly basis
beginning with June 2002 data. Information may be obtained by calling (202) 691-6199,-visiting the Internet
site (http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm), or by e-mail request (ocltinfo@bls. gov).

The cost levels in this release are based on a probability sample of about 29,850 occupations within
approximately 7,200 sample establishments in private industry and about 3,750 occupations within
approximately 800 sample establishments in State and local government. Sample establishments are classified
by industry categories based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as defined by the U.S.
Office of Management and Budget. Within a sample establishment, specific job categories are selected to
represent broader major occupational groups such as professional specialty and technical occupations.

Current employment weights are used to calculate cost levels. The March 2002 cost levels were
calculated using the March 2002 employment counts from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program, benchmarked to the 2001 universe of all private nonfarm establishments. In most
instances, private industry employment counts were total employment estimates for 2-digit major industry
groups, such as primary metal manufacturing or food stores, as defined by the SIC system. In a few cases, 3-
and 4-digit industry employment counts were used. These include the 4-digit aircraft manufacturing industry



Table of Contents: .

Table 1. * Civilian workers, by major occupational group 6
Table 2. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group 7
Table 3. State and local government, by selected characteristics 8
Table 4. State and local government, by occupational and industry group 9
Table 5. Private industry, by major industry group : : 10
Table 6. Private industry, by major occupational group VW /
Table 7. Private industry, by region and bargaining status 12 |
Table 8. Private industry, by establishment employment size 3
Table 9. Private industry, by major occupational and industry group, and full-time

and part-time status 14 |
Table 10. Private industry, by occupational and industry group 15 i
Table 11. Private industry, workers in goods-producing and service-producing industries, by

occupational group 16
Table 12. Private industry, workers in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, by :

occupational group 7
Table 13. Private industry, by bargaining status, and major industry and occupational group 18 |
Table 14. Private industry, by establishment employment size, and major industry and

occupational group : 19
Table 15. Private industry, workers in health services, by industry and occupational group 20
Table 16. Private industry, workers in transportation equipment manufacturing and

public utilities, by industry and occupational group 21
Explanatory notes 22

Appendix table. Employer costs per hour worked for components of compensation, and relative |
standard errors, by major industry and occupational categories, March 2002 25



Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a

workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2002

15

Percent of total compensation: Private. industry

Benefit costs.
Total | Wages 7
Series compen- | and Supple- Retirement] Legally | oie.
‘ sation | salaries Paid | mentat and | required :
* Total leave pay Insurance savings benefits benefits!
Cost per hour worked by year
All workers in private industry . $21.71 | $15.80 | s5901 $1.44{ so62 | $1.40 $0.63 | $1.80 $0.03
Occupational group
White-collar occupations .. 2643 | 1948 | 695! 197] 069 157 0.76 1.93 0.03
Professional specialty and technical 35.81 | 2643-] 938] 293 76 1.97 4.12 256 04
Professional specialty 38.87 | 2686 | 1001] 327 78 1.97 1.20 273 05
Technical 2876 | 2083 | 793] 215 70 1.95 94 216 02
Executive, administrative, and managerial .. 4280 | 3090 | 1191] 357] 1.79 222 1.43 283 07
Sales . .. 1638 | 1279} 359 80 31 81 28 1.38 (?)
Administrative suppor, inctuding clerical ye0oo | 1312 | 497] 4.23 39 1.45 49 1.38 02
Blue-collar occupations ... a 2015 | 1401] 614] 113 74 1.59 69 1.96 03
Precision production, craft, and repair ~ 2583 | 1805 | 778} 153 88 1.88 1.03 244 03
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 18.53, 12.40 6.13 1.20 95 1.73 5 1.70 04
‘Transportation and material MOVING «...e:.ee- 20.03 1387 | 634] 1400 66 1.61 74 2.10 03
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...| 1436 | 1033 | 403 63 43 1.09 37 1.50 (2)
Service occupations . 10.95 8.42 253 46 19 59 16 413, ()
Industry group
Goods-producing industries? 25.44 ‘AT 7.96 1.66 411 2.01 88 2.25
Construction ........ 25.35 17.83 752 88 1.05 161 123 274 (7)
Manutacturing ..... 25.20 17.19 8.01 1.91 143 2.44 74 2.05 07
Durables, 7 26.40 17.85, 855 2.04 1.23 2.25 78 245 10
Nondurables. .. 23.44 16.21 7.23 472 99 1.89 68 4.90 03
Service-producing industries 2066 | 1533 | 533} 137 48 1.22 56 167 02
‘Transportation and public utilities 2965 | 20.29] 937] 217/ 4.08 2.29 1.39 2.39 04
Wholesale trade 7 23.36 16.79 658 1.49 a7 1.72 62 1.94
Retail trade . . 41.79 9.35 244 46 16 52 14 1.16 (?)
Finance, insurance, and seal estate .. 28.24 20.02 B21 2.09 4.20 1.86 1.07 1.92 07
Services 0... senses 22.33 16.79 5.54 1.61 37 1.24 55 175, (?)
Percent of total compensation
All workers in private industry 100.0 72.8 27.2 66 29 64 29 83 0.4
Occupational group
White-coliar occupations o 3000 737 | 263 75 26 59 29 73 04
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 738 | 262 82 24 55 31 74 1
Professional specialty ve 100.0 74.2 25.8 B84 20 54 31 7.0 7
100.0 724 | 276 7S 24 68 33 75 1
100.0 722 | 278 a3 42 52 33 66 2
100.0 78.1 219 49 1.9 49 WwW 8.4 (5)
100.0 72.5 275 68 2.2 80 27 78 1
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 69.5 30.5 56 37 72 34 97 1
Precision production, craft, and repair 400.0 69.9 | 301 59 34 73 40 94 4
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 100.0 669 | 331 65 54 93 28 92 2
Transportation and material moving 100.0 693 | 307 5.0 33 8.0 37 105 1
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..} 100.0 719 | 281 44 30 76 26 10.4 )
Service occupations ...... 100.0 769 23.4 42 Ww 84 15 10.3 (5)
Industry group
Goods-producing industries? .. 100.0 68.7 31.3 65 44 79 35 88 2
Construction 100.0 703 | 297 35 at 64 49 108 @)
Manutacturing 100.0 632 | 318 78 45 84 29 81 3
Durables . 100.0 o76 | 324 77 47 a5 30 81 4
Nondurables 100.0 692 | 308] 73 42 84 29 at a
Service-producing industries# 100.0 742 | 258 66 23 59 27 81 a
‘Transportation and public utilities 100.0 684 | 316 73 36 77 47 81 +
Wholesaie trade .. 100.0 71.9 | 282 64 33 74 27 83 2
Retail trade . : - 100.0 79.3 | 207 39 14 44 12 98 )
Finance, insurance, and real estate. 100.0 709 | 291 74 42 66 38 68 2
Services ne 100.0 752 | 248 72 Ww 56 25 78 (5)

7 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 oF less.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manutacturing,

* Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and

retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
Less than .05 percent,

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

|
|

|
:
|



Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compens:

17

ation and costs as a

manufacturing and nonmanufacturing workers, by occupational group, March 2002

Percent of total compensation: Private industry

Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retirement} Legaty Other
; sation | salaries Paid | mentat and | required mt
t Total |) eave | pay | !nsurance savings | benefits | benefits’
Cost per hour worked by year
All workers, manufacturing industries. $25.20 | $17.19 { sgor} sios]} si13 ]  s211 $0.74 | $205 | $007
White-collar occupations o.remnu 3484 | 2457 | 1026] 298} 1.28 2.48 1.01 242 o1t
Professional specialty and technical 38.39 | 2688 | 1151] 356| 107 278 4.20 271 18
Professional specialty .. 4271 | 30.23 | 1248] 408 99 2.80 137 298 26
Technicat _ 3os2 | 2078 | 973} 263} 122 274 90 224 04
Executive, adininistrative, and managerial 49.38 | 3503 | 1435] 433] 269 274 1.35, 315 09
Administrative support, including clerical 2097 | 1441} 655} 161 73 2.08 55 1.59 03
Blue-collar occupati 2097 | 1395 | 701} 144] 1.05 1.95 62 1.90 05
Precision production, craft, and repair 2615 | 1753 | e862] 197] 123 2.24 81 231 06
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..... 2001 | 1310 691} 437] 4.91 1.98 61 1.79 05
‘Transportation and material moving .. 2145 | 1443] 703] 133 8 1.84 64 216 07
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers . 15.40 10.68 472 85 60 142 36 4.48 (7)
Service occupations .. 19.99 | 1273 | 726] 127] 200 1.86 46 1 06
All workers, nonmanufacturing industries 2106 | 1555} 551] 1.35 52 1.27 61 175 02
White-collar occupations: 25.56 18.95, 6.61 1.86 63 1.47 74 1.88 02
Protessional specialty and technical 35.41 | 2636 | 9.06] 284 7 1.84 iu 2.54 02
Professional ‘specialty . 38.33 28.66 967 3.16 75 1.86 V7 270 02
Technical... — 28.44 | 2084 | 760] 207 6) 1.81 95 215 (?)
Executive, administrative, and Manager 41.83 0.29 1155 3.46 1.66 244 1.44 2.78 07
Sales... see a 1588 | 1240 | 348 77 3 79 26 1.35 )
Administrative support, including clerical 17.79 12.99 480 1.20 35 1.39 4g 1.36 02
Blue-collar occupations ... . 19.71 14.04 5.68 97 58 1.40 72 2.00 02
Precision production, craft, and repair 25.71 18.24 7.47 17 75 174 Vat 2.49 02
Transportation and material moving nee 19.81 13.79 6.02 96 61 1.57 75 2.09 02
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 14.08 10.24 384 58 38 1.00 37 1.51 ? )
Service occupations .......... 10.83 836 247 45 7 57 16 1.12 {?)
Percent of total compensation
All workers, manutacturing industries 400.0 632 | 318 | 76 45 84 29 Bt 03
White-collar occupations... 100.0 705 | 294] a6 37 7A 29 69 03
Protessional speciatty and technical 100.0 700 | 300] 93 28 72 34 7A 5
Professional specialty 100.0 70.8 29.2 96 23 66 32 7.0 6
Technica ec. . 100.0 eat | 319 86 40 9.0 29 72 a
Executive, administrative, and manage 100.0 70.9 29.1 8B 5.4 55 27 64 2
Administrative support, including clerical ... 100.0 oe7 | 312] 77 35 98 26 78 1
Blue-collar occupations ........ 100.0 66.6 33.4 69 5.0 93 3.0 ot 2
Precision production, craft, and repair .... 100.0 67.0 33.0 7s 47 86 34 88 2
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ... 100.0 655 } 345] 68 55 99 30 89 2
‘Transportation and material moving ... 100.0 67.3 32.8 62 46 B86 3.0 10.4 3
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 100.0 694 | 306} 55 39 92 23 96 3)
Service occupations ... 100.0 63.7 36.3 64 10.0 93 23 80 3
All workers, nonmanufacturing industries 100.0 73.8 26.2 64 25 6.0 29 83 1
White-collar occupations ... - 100.0 741 | 259 73 25 58 29 74 1
Professional specialty and technicat 100.0 744 | 256 80 20 52 34 72 1
Protessional specialty 100.0 748 | 252] 82 20 49 31 7.0 a
Technicat . 100.0 733 | 267 73 24 64 33 78 @)
Executive, administrative, and managerial 400.0 724 | 276] 33 40 51 34 66
Sales esse 100.0 78.1 21.9 ag 20 5.0 1.6 85 (3)
Administrative support, including clerical 100.0 73.0 27.0 67 2.0 78 28 76 +
Blue-collar occupations ....... 100.0 72 | za8] 49 29 7 37 10.1 1
Precision production, cratt, a1 repair 100.0 70.9 29.1 5.3 29 68 43 a7 a
Transportation and material moving 100.0 69.6 30.4 48 31 79 3.8 10.6 a
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .... 400.0 72.7 27.3 ay 27 74 26 10.7 { 3y
Service occupations ...... 100.0 772 | 228] a2 16 $3 15 103 (3)

7 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 oF less.
> Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



3

Health benefit costs increased, both in average dollar amount and as a proportion of total compensation,
with establishment size. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers averaged 96 cents (5.2 percent), those
with 100-499 employees averaged $1.40 (6.4 percent), and those with 500 or more employees averaged $1.99
(6.7 percent). (See table 8.)

Retirement and savings benefit costs in private industry

In March 2002, the average cost for retirement and savings benefits was 63 cents per hour worked in
private industry (2.9 percent of total compensation). Employer retirement and savings costs varied by industry,
occupation, bargaining status, region, and establishment size. :

Retirement and savings costs were higher in goods-producing (88 cents per hour and 3.5 percent of total
compensation) than in service-producing (56 cents per hour and 2.7 percent of total compensation) industries.
(See table 5.) -

The average cost per hour worked for retirement and savings was 76 cents for white-collar occupations,
69 cents for blue-collar occupations, and 16 cents for service occupations. The proportion of total compensation
represented by retirement and savings benefits was 3.4 percent among blue-collar occupations, 2.9 percent for
white-collar occupations, and 1.5 percent for service occupations. (See table 6.)

Retirement and savings costs were higher, both in average dollar amount per hour and as a proportion of
total compensation, for union workers ($1.64 and 5.6 percent of total compensation) than for nonunion workers
(51 cents and 2.5 percent of total compensation). Defined benefit plan costs were nearly 10 times greater for
union than nonunion workers and represented a significantly greater proportion of employer costs for retirement
and savings than did defined contribution plans. (See table 7.)

Retirement and savings costs ranged from 52 cents per hour in the South to 80 cents in the Northeast,
with costs averaging 63 cents per hour in the Midwest and 65 cents in the West. The proportion of total
compensation represented by retirement and savings was 2.7 percent in the South, 2.9 percent in the West, 3.0
percent in the Midwest, and 3.2 percent in the Northeast. (See table 7.)

Retirement and savings costs increased, both in average dollar amount per hour worked and as a
Proportion of total compensation, with establishment size. Establishments with fewer than 100 employees
averaged 42 cents (2.3 percent), establishments with 100-499 employees averaged 63 cénts (2.9 percent), and
establishments with 500 or more employees averaged $1.18 (4.0 percent). (See table 8.)

State and local government

In March 2002, employer costs in State and local governments averaged $31.29 per hour worked.
Wages and salaries, which accounted for 70.8 percent of the total, averaged $22.14, while benefits, which
accounted for the remaining 29.2 percent, averaged $9.15. (See table,3 and explanatory notes.)

Average hourly compensation costs were higher for white-collar occupations ($34.78) than for blue-
collar ($24.59) and service occupations ($23.50). Benefits accounted for 34.9 percent of total compensation for
service workers, 34.1 percent for blue-collar workers, and 27.5 percent for white-collar workers. (See table 4.)

Employer costs for health benefits were $2.86 for white-collar occupations (largely professional
occupations, including teachers) and $2.20 for service occupations (including police and firefighters). Employer
costs for retirement and savings were $1.87 for white-collar and $1.54 for service occupations. (See table 3.)



+ 2 woe

Average compensation costs were $26.43 per hour for white-collar occupations, significantly higher thar
the $20.15 recorded for blue-collar occupations and the $10.95 for service occupations. Benefits, however,
accounted for a greater proportion of compensation costs for blue-collar occupations (30.5 percent) than for
white-collir (26.3 percent) and service occupations (23.1 percent). (See table 6.) |

Among the four regions, compensation costs ranged from $19.49 per hour in the South to $25.00 in the
Northeast. The proportion of compensation represented by benefits ranged from 26.4 percent in the South and
West regions to 28.2 percent in the Northeast. (See table 7.) :

Compensation costs also increased with establishment size. These costs ranged from an average of
$18.51 per hour in establishments with fewer than 100 workers to $29.79 in establishments with 500 workers or
more. The proportion of compensation costs represented by benefits also increased with establishment size,
from 25.0 percent in establishments with fewer than 100 workers to 30.2 percent in establishments with 500 or
more workers. (See table 8.)

Average employer compensation costs were higher for union workers, $29.42 per hour, than for
nonunion workers, $20.79. Benefits represented a significantly greater proportion of compensation costs for
union workers (34.3 percent) than for nonunion workers (26.0 percent). These compensation cost differences
reflect variation in the distribution of union and nonunion workers among, occupations, industries, and
establishments of different sizes. (See table 13.)

Compensation costs also were higher for full-time workers in Private industry, $24.57 per hour, than for
part-time workers, $12.14. Benefit costs Tepresented a greater proportion of compensation costs for full-time
workers than for part-time workers (28.3 percent compared with 19.6 percent). (See table 9.) Workers are
Classified as full time or part time according to the Practices of surveyed establishments. Part-time employees
are typically scheduled to work fewer hours than full-time employees in the same work activity. |

Health benefit costs in private industry

In March 2002, private industry health benefit costs averaged $1.29 per hour or 5.9 percent of total |
compensation. Employer health benefit costs varied by industry, occupation, bargaining status, region, and |
establishment size.

In goods-producing industries, health benefit costs were hi gher, $1.84 per hour (7-2 percent of total

compensation), than in service-producing industries, $1.13 per hour (5.5 percent of total compensation). (See i
table 5.)

Employer costs for health benefits ranged from $1.48 per hour and 7.3 percent of total compensation for
blue-collar occupations to 56 cents and 5.1 percent of total compensation for service occupations. Among
white-collar occupations, employer costs for health benefits averaged $1.42 (5.4 percent). (See table 6.)

Employer costs for health benefits were higher for union workers, averaging $2.57 per hour (8.7
percent), than for nonunion workers, averaging $1.13 (5.4 percent). (See table 7)

Among the four regions, costs for health benefits ranged from $1.14 per hour in the South to $1.48 in the |
Northeast. The proportion of total compensation represented by health benefits was 5.6 percent in the West, 5.8
percent in the South, 5.9 percent in the Northeast, and 6.4 percent in the Midwest. (See table 7.)


Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee ci

“workers, by establishment employment size, March 2002

13

ompensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

pensation All workers 1-99 workers | 100 workers or more | 100-499 workers | 500 workers or more
component Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | cost | Percent Cost | Percent
¥

Total compensation $21.71 | 100.0 | $18.51 | 1000 | $25.08 | 1000 | sr99 | 1000 | s2079 100.0
Wages and salaries ...eccennnnue 1580 | 728 | 1388 | 750 | 1807 | 709 | 1587 | 722 | 2079] coe
Total benefits .... 590 | 272 463 | 280 7a | 204 612 | 278 900 | 302
Paid leave .... 1.44 66 1.05 87 1.89 74 1.47 67 242 at
Vacation 72 33 52 28 95 37 73 33 124 44
Holiday .. 49 23 7 20 64 25 50 23 ‘Bt 27
Sick... 17 8 13 7 22 9 16 7 28 c)
Other 06 3 04 2 09 4 07 3 12 4
‘Supplemental pay 62 29 AT 25 79 34 68 a4 93 34
Premium! 24 14 18 10 31 12 2 12 35 12
Shit differentials 06 31 (7) (*) 1 4 o7 3 16 Ss
Nonproduction bonuses 32 15 27 15 37 15 33 15 a2 14
insurance 4.40 64 4.03 56 1.83 72 1.52 69 220 74
Life 04 2 03 2 06 2 04 2 07 2
Health =... 1.29 59 96 52 1.67 66 1.40 64 1.99 67
Short-term disability 04 2 02 4 06 2 04 2 08 3
Long-term disability ..... .03 a 02 + 04 2 03 a 06 2
Retirement and savings .. 63 29 a2 23 88 35 63 29 1.18 49
Defined benefit. 23 14 12 6 35 14 24 1 49 16
Defined contribution 40 18 30 16 53 2a 39 18 70 23
Legally required benefits . 1.80 a3 1.64 89 1.98 78 1.80 82 2.19 74
Social Security4 .... . 1.32 61 145 62 1.51 59 1.32 60 175 5.9
OASDI ...... 1.06 49 92 50 1.21 AT 1.06 48 1.40 47
Medicare nee 26 12 23 1.2 30 12 26 1.2 35 12
Federal unemployment insu 03 1 03 2 03 4 03 1 03 1
State unemployment insurance 10 5 09 Ss 10 4 vy 5 09 3
Workers’ compensation ...... 35 16 36 aE) 33 43 34 15 33 aw
‘Other benetits> 03 a () (3) 05 2 02 a 0B 3

7 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule

(such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an CASDI

Portion and a Medicare
and Disability insurance.

Portion. OASD! is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors,

® Includes severance pay and supplementat unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



16

Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry a
goods-producing and service-producing workers, by occupational'group, March 2002 “

i
|
Benefit costs i
Total | Wages si]
Series compen- | and ‘Supple- Retirement] Legaty | Guo :
sation | salaries Paid | mentat and | required i
Total | eave. pay Insurance | ving 1s | benefits benefits? |
Cost per hour worked by year \
All workers, goods-producing industries? $17.47 | $796} $1.66] $1.11 $2.01 goes | $2.25 $0.05 i
White-collar occupations ... 2422 | 1026] 280] 1.50 2.38 1.04 2.45 dog |
Protessional specialty and technical 2669 | 1137} 346] 1.07 278 119 2.70 7 |
Protessional specialty 3051 | 1264] 408] 1.03 2.85 3.00 28 i
Technicat 2045 | 932] 246] 1.12 267 82 2.24 03 i
Executive, administrative, and managerial 47.69 | 3306 | 1462] 381] 3.40 2.62 1.47 3.25 07 :
Administrative support, including clerical 2077 | 14441 633} 153 69 1.95 55 158 03 /
Blue-collar occupations 2215 | 1503] 712] 1.28 95 1.88 83 219 04
Precision production, craft, and repair 2673 | 1838 | 335] 1.42 96 2.07 117 269 04 j
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 2007 | 1335} 691] 1364 4.11 197 61 1.81 05 !
‘Transportation and material moving 2367 | 1976 | 7.91{ 122] 41.11 2.10 96 2.48 04 H
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, 15.91 27 | 464 65 ST 4.22 48 173°} (3)
Service occupations 19.03 | 1234] 669] 115] 1.80 1.68 At 4.59 06
All workers, service-producing industries* 2066 | 1533] 533] 137 48 1.22 56 1.67 02
‘White-collar occupations 2537 | 1886 | 652| 1.26 59 1.48 73 1.86 02 |
Professional specialty and technical 35.42 | 2638 | 903] 284 70. 1.82 +t 2.54 02
Professional specialty se22 | 2861 | 961| 315 74 1.84 1.16 269 02 |
Technical . 2853 | 20921 761] 208 60 2.79 97 245 3) i
Executive, administrative, and managerial 4170 | 3041 | 1129] 351] 1.42 2.13 1.42 274 07 |
Sales .... 15.80 12.33 3.47 7 3t 79 25 1.35 (3) |
Administrative support, including clerical W774 | 1295 | 479} 120 35 1.39 48 1.36 02
Blue-collar occupations... 18.05 12.94 S.At 1.01 52 1.29 54 173 02
Precision production, cratt, and repai 2449 | 1755 | 694] 169 76 1.60 81 2.07 02
Transportation and materiat moving - 19.05 | 1337 | 5.67 95 54 1.48 68 2.00 03
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .... 13.47 979 3.68 62 35 4.01 32 1.36 ()
Service occupations. 10.83 8.38 2.47 AS 7 S7 16 4.12 @)
Percent of total compensation
All workers, goods-producing industries? 100.0 68.7 313 65 44 79 35 8B 02
White-collar occupations 100.0 70.2 23.8 Bt 44 69 30 71 os i
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 70.4 29.9 91 28 73 34 7 4 1
Professional specialty 100.0 707 | 293 a5 24 66 33 70 6
Technical sone o - 100.0 68.7 31.3 83 38 90 28 74 1
Executive, administrative, and managerial «ef 100.0 693 | 307 80 74 5S 34 68 1
Administrative suppor, including clerical wf 100.0 695 | 305 74 33 94 26 76 a
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 679 | 321 56 43 85 37 99 2
Precision production, cratt, and repair 100.0 688 | 312 53 36 1 44 10.1 a
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors . 100.0 655 | 344 68 55 98 30 90 2
Transportation and material moving 100.0 666 | 334 52 a7 89 44 10.5 2
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 100.0 708 | 292 at 36 77 29 109 (5) \
Service occupations ..... 100.0 648 | 352 6.0. 95 a8 22 a4 3 |
Ail workers, service-producing industries* 100.0 742 | 258 66 23 59 27 Bt 1
White-colla? occupations 100.0 743 | 257 73 23 58 29 73 1 i
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 745 | 255 80 20 54 31 72 1 |
Professional specialty . 100.0 749 | 251 82 19 48 30 70 a i
Technica -| 100.0 733 | 267 73 24 63 3.4 75 8) |
Executive, admit -| 100.0 veo | 274 84 34 54 34 66 2
Sales 100.0 780 | 220 49 20 5.0 16 as @) i
Administrative support, including clerical 100.0 730 | 27.0 68 20 78 27 7 a
Blue-coliar occupations 100.0 m7 | 283 58 29 7 3.0 96 1
Precision production, cr: 100.0 nz | 23 69 31 65 33 8S 1
Transportation and material moving | 100.0 702 | 298 5.0 28 78 36 105 2
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 100.0 727 | 273 46 26 75 24 10.4 (@)
Service occupations . 100.0 72 | 228 42 16 53 15 103 (5) i
7 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Less than .05 percent.

3 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 oF less.
4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and —_Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.