For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, March 31, 2022 USDL-22-0556 

Technical information: (202) 691-6569 • oewsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/oes 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES — MAY 2021

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations had employment of 8.8 million in May 2021, 

representing 6.2 percent of total national employment, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 

today. The largest healthcare practitioners and technical occupations were registered nurses (3.0 million) 

and licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (641,240). (See chart 1.) The annual mean wage 

across all healthcare practitioners and technical occupations was $91,100, compared with the U.S. 

average wage of $58,260. (See table 1.) 

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program provides employment and wage 

estimates for about 830 occupations in the nation, states, and approximately 530 areas. National data are 

available by industry for approximately 415 industry classifications and by ownership across all 

industries and for the educational services and hospitals industries. This news release features healthcare 

practitioners and technical occupations, transportation and material moving occupations, and protective 

service occupations, in addition to employment and wages by typical entry-level educational 

requirement and STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) occupations. National 

employment and wage information for all occupations is shown in table 1. 

Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Data

With the May 2021 estimates release, the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) 

program has implemented a new model-based (MB3) estimation method. The May 2021 OEWS 

estimates are also the first estimates based entirely on survey data collected using the 2018 Standard 

Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See the box notes at the end of this news release for more 

information. 
- 2 - 

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations

• The largest healthcare practitioners and technical occupations were registered nurses (3.0 

million), licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (641,240), and pharmacy technicians 

(436,630). (See table 1 and chart 1.) Healthcare practitioners and technical is the larger of the 

two healthcare occupational groups and includes occupations like physicians, surgeons, dentists, 

nurses, therapists, and health technologists and technicians. 

• The highest paying healthcare practitioners and technical occupations included cardiologists, 

anesthesiologists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons, all with annual mean wages of more than 

$300,000. These specialist physician and dentist occupations were also among the highest paying 

occupations overall. (See table 1.)

• The lowest paying healthcare practitioners and technical occupations included dietetic 

technicians ($34,160) and emergency medical technicians ($36,690). (See table 1.) 

• Half of all healthcare practitioners and technical jobs were in general medical and surgical 

hospitals (3.2 million) or offices of physicians (1.2 million). Industries with the largest 

0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000

Registered nurses

Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses

Pharmacy technicians

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians

Pharmacists

Physicians, all other

Nurse practitioners

Physical therapists

Radiologic technologists and technicians

Dental hygienists

Employment

Chart 1. Employment for the largest healthcare practitioners and technical occupations, 

May 2021

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics.
- 3 - 

employment of healthcare practitioners and technical occupations also included outpatient care 

centers (408,420) and health and personal care stores (380,930). 

• California ($115,220), Hawaii ($113,370), and New Jersey ($112,860) were the states with the 

highest wages for healthcare practitioners and technical occupations.

National industry-specific data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm. 

State data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm. 

Transportation and material moving occupations 

• Transportation and material moving occupations had employment of 12.6 million, representing 

9.0 percent of U.S. employment, and an annual mean wage of $41,340. (See table 1.) 

• The largest transportation and material moving occupations were laborers and hand freight, 

stock, and material movers (2.7 million) and stockers and order fillers (2.5 million). (See table 

1.) 

• The highest paying transportation and material moving occupations were airline pilots, copilots, 

and flight engineers ($198,190) and air traffic controllers ($127,920). (See table 1.) 

• The lowest paying occupations in this group included parking attendants ($29,210) and 

automotive and watercraft service attendants ($29,960). (See table 1.) 

• Transportation and material moving occupations made up 20.3 percent of employment in 

Stockton-Lodi, CA, compared with 9.0 percent nationally. Metropolitan areas with the highest 

shares of transportation and material moving occupations also included Memphis, TN-MS-AR

(17.4 percent), and Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA (16.8 percent). 

Metropolitan area data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm. 

Protective service occupations

• Protective service occupations had employment of 3.4 million, representing 2.4 percent of U.S. 

employment. The annual mean wage for protective service occupations was $53,420. (See table 

1.) 

• The largest protective service occupations were security guards (1.1 million), police and sheriff's 

patrol officers (665,380), and correctional officers and jailers (392,600). (See table 1.) 

• The highest paying protective service occupations were first-line supervisors of police and 

detectives ($98,760) and detectives and criminal investigators ($90,370). The lowest paying

protective service occupations were lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective 

service workers ($27,320) and school bus monitors ($30,220). (See table 1.) 

• The largest protective service occupation, security guards, had an annual mean wage of $35,830 

nationally. The District of Columbia ($52,840) and Alaska ($49,040) had among the highest 
- 4 - 

average wages for this occupation. The lowest paying states for security guards included 

Mississippi ($27,650) and Alabama ($27,670).

• About 1.4 million protective service jobs were in local government, excluding schools and 

hospitals, representing 41 percent of employment in this occupational group. After local 

government, the industries with the largest employment of protective service occupations were 

investigation and security services (721,420) and state government, excluding schools and 

hospitals (381,880). 

Largest occupations 

• The largest occupations overall were retail salespersons (3.7 million), home health and personal 

care aides (3.4 million), cashiers (3.3 million), and fast food and counter workers (3.1 million). 

(See table 1.) 

• Eight of the 10 largest occupations had below-average wages, including retail salespersons 

($31,920) and home health and personal care aides ($29,260). (See table 1.) 

• Of the 10 largest occupations, registered nurses ($82,750) and general and operations managers 

($115,250) were the only occupations with above-average wages. (See table 1.)

Public sector occupations

• The public sector made up 15.0 percent of employment and had a different occupational mix 

from the private sector. 

• Several of the largest public sector occupations were related to education. These occupations 

included elementary school teachers, except special education (public sector employment of 1.2 

million); teaching assistants, except postsecondary (952,910); secondary school teachers, except 

special and career/technical education (877,700); and middle school teachers, except special and 

career/technical education (527,110).

• Outside of the educational instruction and library group, the occupations with the highest public 

sector employment included police and sheriff's patrol officers (659,050); registered nurses 

(522,500); and janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners (469,960). 

Public/private sector ownership data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm. 

Typical entry-level education

• Preschool teachers, except special education (391,670) and paralegals and legal assistants 

(336,250) were the largest occupations typically requiring an associate's degree for entry. 

Occupations in this educational category made up about 2 percent of total employment. 

• Occupations typically requiring a high school diploma or the equivalent for entry made up 39 

percent of employment, and occupations typically requiring no formal educational credential 

for entry made up 22 percent of employment. These two educational categories include many 

production and construction occupations, as well as large occupations like retail salespersons and 

home health and personal care aides. 
- 5 - 

• Occupations typically requiring postsecondary education for entry made up nearly 40 percent 

of employment. The largest postsecondary category, occupations typically requiring a bachelor's 

degree for entry, made up over 24 percent of employment. This educational category includes 

registered nurses; teachers at the kindergarten through secondary levels; and many management, 

business and financial operations, computer, and engineering occupations. 

• Average wages were generally higher for occupations requiring more education. Annual mean 

wages were $31,810 for occupations typically requiring no formal educational credential for 

entry, $46,760 for occupations typically requiring a high school diploma or the equivalent, 

$60,180 for occupations typically requiring an associate's degree, and $93,590 for occupations 

typically requiring a bachelor's degree.

• The highest paying occupations typically requiring an associate's degree for entry were air 

traffic controllers ($127,920), nuclear technicians ($95,200), and radiation therapists ($94,000). 

(See chart 2.)

The typical education level required to enter an occupation is based on education and training categories 

from the BLS Employment Projections program. More information about the system of education and 

$0 $50,000 $100,000 $150,000

Air traffic controllers

Nuclear technicians

Radiation therapists

Nuclear medicine technologists

Funeral home managers

Dental hygienists

Diagnostic medical sonographers

Magnetic resonance imaging technologists

Aerospace engineering and operations technologists

and technicians

Legal support workers, all other

All associate's degree occupations

All occupations

Annual mean wage

Chart 2. Highest paying occupations typically requiring an associate's degree 

for entry, May 2021

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage 

Statistics and Employment Projections.
- 6 - 

training categories is available at www.bls.gov/emp/documentation/education/tech.htm. Typical entrylevel educational requirements assigned to each occupation in the May 2021 OEWS estimates are 

available at www.bls.gov/oes/educ_list_2021.xlsx. Additional charts are available at 

www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2021.htm. 

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations 

• There were nearly 9.3 million STEM jobs representing 6.6 percent of total U.S. employment. 

• The six largest STEM occupations were related to computers and included software developers 

(1.4 million) and computer user support specialists (654,310). (See table 1.) The largest STEM 

occupations not related to computers were civil engineers (304,310) and industrial engineers 

(293,950). 

• Areas with the highest employment shares of STEM occupations were California-Lexington 

Park, MD (24.4 percent), and San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (22.1 percent). (See chart 3.) 

• Industries with the highest shares of STEM occupations included computer systems design and 

related services (62.5 percent); architectural, engineering, and related services (61.1 percent); 

and software publishers (57.1 percent). 

0 10 20 30

California-Lexington Park, MD

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA

Boulder, CO

Huntsville, AL

Bloomington, IL

Corvallis, OR

Durham-Chapel Hill, NC

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV

United States

Percent 

Chart 3. Metropolitan areas with the highest employment shares of STEM 

occupations, May 2021

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics.
- 7 - 

• STEM occupations had an annual mean wage of $100,900, compared with $55,260 for nonSTEM occupations. Ninety-two of the 105 STEM occupations had mean wages significantly 

above the all-occupations average of $58,260. (See table 1.) 

• The highest paying STEM occupations were the three STEM-related management 

occupations—computer and information systems managers ($162,930), architectural and 

engineering managers ($158,970), and natural sciences managers ($156,110)—and physicists 

($151,580). (See table 1.) 

• The lowest paying STEM occupations were forest and conservation technicians ($43,420) and 

agricultural technicians ($44,850). (See table 1.) 

Occupations included in the STEM definition used for this news release are available at 

www.bls.gov/oes/stem_list_2021.xlsx. Additional STEM charts are available at

www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2021.htm. 

Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics Methodology 

With the May 2021 estimates, the OEWS program has implemented a new estimation method. This 

model-based method, called MB3, has advantages over the previous estimation method, as described in 

the Monthly Labor Review article at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2019/article/model-based-estimates-for-theoccupational-employment-statistics-program.htm. For more information, see the May 2021 Survey 

Methods and Reliability Statement at www.bls.gov/oes/methods_21.pdf. OEWS estimates for the years 

2015-19 were recalculated using the new estimation method and are available as research estimates at 

www.bls.gov/oes/oes-mb3-methods.htm. 

Implementing the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System

The May 2021 estimates are the first OEWS estimates to be based entirely on survey data collected 

using the 2018 SOC. May 2021 OEWS data are available for most 2018 SOC detailed occupations. To

improve data quality, the OEWS program aggregates some occupations to the SOC broad occupation 

level or as OEWS-specific combinations of 2018 SOC detailed occupations. 
Technical Note

Scope of the survey

The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) 

survey is a semiannual survey measuring occupational employment 

and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm 

establishments in the United States. The OEWS data available 

from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and 

wage estimates for the nation; over 580 areas, including states and 

the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), 

nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific 

estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5-

and 6-digit industry levels; and national estimates by ownership 

across all industries and for schools and hospitals.

The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and 

the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). BLS funds the survey and 

provides the procedures and technical support, while the SWAs

collect most of the data. OEWS estimates are constructed from a 

sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two 

semiannual panels of approximately 179,000 to 187,000 sampled 

establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the other in 

November. Responses are obtained by Internet or other electronic 

means, mail, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2021

estimates are based on responses from six semiannual panels 

collected over a 3-year period: May 2021, November 2020, May 

2020, November 2019, May 2019, and November 2018. The 

unweighted sampled employment of 82 million across all six 

semiannual panels represents approximately 62 percent of total 

national employment. The overall national response rate for the six 

panels, based on the 50 states and the District of 

Columbia, is 67.2 percent based on establishments and 64.5

percent based on weighted sampled employment.

The occupational coding system

The May 2021 OEWS estimates contain approximately 830 

occupational categories based on the Office of Management and 

Budget’s 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) 

system. Together, these occupations make up 22 of the 23 SOC 

major occupational groups. Major group 55, Military Specific 

Occupations, is not included.

For more information about the SOC system, please see the 

BLS website at www.bls.gov/soc/.

The industry coding system

The May 2021 OEWS estimates use the 2017 North 

American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For more 

information about NAICS, see the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.

The OEWS survey excludes the majority of the agricultural

sector, with the exception of logging (NAICS 113310), support

activities for crop production (NAICS 1151), and support 

activities for animal production (NAICS 1152). Private 

households (NAICS 814) also are excluded. OEWS federal

government data include the U.S. Postal Service and the federal 

executive branch only. All other industries, including state and

local government, are covered by the survey.

Survey sample

The OEWS survey draws its sample from state 

unemployment insurance (UI) files. Supplemental sources are 

used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because 

they do not report to the UI program. The OEWS survey sample 

is stratified by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area, industry, 

and size.

To provide the most occupational coverage, larger 

employers are more likely to be selected than smaller employers. 

A census is taken of the executive branch of the federal 

government, the U.S. Postal Service, and state government.

Concepts

Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and 

salary employment in an occupation. The OEWS survey defines 

employment as the number of workers who can be classified as 

full- or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations 

or other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term 

absences; salaried officers, executives, and staff members of 

incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other 

units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their 

permanent duty station, regardless of whether that unit prepares 

their paycheck. The survey does not include the self-employed,

owners and partnersin unincorporated firms, household workers,

or unpaid family workers.

Wages for the OEWS survey are straight-time, gross pay, 

exclusive of premium pay. Base rate; cost-of-living allowances; 

guaranteed pay; hazardous-duty pay; incentive pay, including 

commissions and production bonuses; and tips are included. 

Excluded are overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, 

nonproduction bonuses, employer cost for supplementary 

benefits, and tuition reimbursements.

The responding establishments are instructed to report 

hourly rates for part-time workers and to report annual rates for 

occupations that are typically paid at an annual rate but do not 

work 2,080 hours per year, such as teachers, pilots, and flight 

attendants. Other workers, such as some entertainment workers, 

are paid hourly rates, but generally do not work 40 hours per 

week, year round. For these workers, only an hourly wage is 

reported.

OEWS receives wage rate data for the federal government, 

the U.S. Postal Service, most state governments, and some local 

government and private sector establishments. For the remaining 

establishments, the OEWS survey data were placed into 12 

intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the 

corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for an 

occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a 

typical work year of 2,080 hours. 

Estimation methodology

The OEWS survey is designed to produce estimates by 

combining six panels of data collected over a 3-year period. Each 

OEWS panel contains approximately 179,000 to 187,000 

establishments. The full six-panel sample of 1.1 million 
establishments allowsthe production of estimates at detailed levels 

of geography, industry, and occupation.

The May 2021 estimates were produced by a model-based 

estimation method using three years of OEWS data (MB3). Under 

MB3, data provided by survey respondents are used to model 

occupational staffing patterns and wages for all unobserved 

establishments in the population, including establishments that 

were not sampled, sampled establishments that did not respond, 

and respondents that did not meet stability criteria. 

A donor pool typically consisting of 10 nearest neighbor 

responding establishments is used to predict data for each 

unobserved establishment; if 10 donors are not available, then as 

few as 5 can be used. Donors are matched to recipients based on 

detailed industry, geographic area, ownership, size, and survey 

panel. Within a given donor pool, donors that are more similar to 

the unobserved establishment are given more weight in 

determining the modeled data.

Each establishment’s population employment is set as the 

average of its May 2021 and November 2020 employment from 

the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, the UI database 

from which the OEWS sample is drawn. Using adjustment factors 

derived from the OEWS survey data, wages collected in earlier 

survey panels are adjusted to the reference date of the estimates 

and donor wages are adjusted for differences between donor and 

recipient characteristics such as geographic area and industry.

Changes and special procedures in the May 2021 estimates

With the May 2021 estimates, the OEWS program has 

implemented a new estimation method. This new model-based 

method, called MB3, has advantages over the previous estimation 

method, as described in the Monthly Labor Review article at 

www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2019/article/model-based-estimates-forthe-occupational-employment-statistics-program.htm. For more 

information, see the May 2021 Survey Methods and Reliability 

Statement at www.bls.gov/oes/methods_21.pdf. 

The May 2021 estimates are the first OEWS estimates based 

entirely on survey data collected using the 2018 SOC. The May 

2019 and May 2020 estimates were based on a combination of 

survey data collected using the 2010 SOC and survey data 

collected using the 2018 SOC and used a hybrid of the two 

classification systems. See www.bls.gov/soc/2018 and 

www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm#qf10 for more information. 

May 2021 OEWS data are available for most 2018 SOC 

detailed occupations. To improve data quality, the OEWS program 

has replaced some 2018 SOC detailed occupations with SOC broad 

occupations or OEWS-specific aggregations. 

The May 2021 OEWS estimates use the metropolitan area 

definitions delineated in Office of Management and Budget 

(OMB) Bulletin 17-01. For more information, please see 

www.bls.gov/oes/current/msa_def.htm.

Response rates for the May 2021 estimates were negatively 

affected by the difficulty of collecting data from employers during 

the COVID-19 pandemic. Lower response rates may negatively 

affect data availability and data quality.

For more information

Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS 

data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. If you are 

deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-

1 to access telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021

Hourly Annual1

All occupations 140,886,310 $28.01 $58,260 $22.00

Management occupations 8,909,910 59.31 123,370 49.25

3,229,990 57.94 120,520 47.46

200,480 102.41 213,020 86.31

2,984,920 55.41 115,250 47.10

44,590 (2) 57,110 (2)

838,050 69.77 145,130 61.62

22,520 68.68 142,860 61.13

732,490 70.48 146,600 62.18

Marketing managers.............................................................................................................................. 278,690 73.77 153,440 64.92

Sales managers..................................................................................................................................... 453,800 68.46 142,390 61.30

83,040 63.85 132,800 57.62

Public relations managers...................................................................................................................... 59,850 66.35 138,000 60.47

Fundraising managers........................................................................................................................... 23,190 57.40 119,400 48.47

2,116,020 67.26 139,900 61.13

325,850 52.69 109,590 47.73

Administrative services managers......................................................................................................... 224,620 54.34 113,030 48.16

Facilities managers................................................................................................................................ 101,230 49.03 101,970 47.08

485,190 78.33 162,930 76.45

681,070 73.78 153,460 63.32

192,270 56.62 117,780 49.59

69,310 64.71 134,590 61.13

144,640 50.76 105,580 47.22

15,330 67.05 139,470 61.31

166,530 65.67 136,590 60.69

35,830 61.92 128,800 57.76

2,725,860 51.55 107,230 46.94

5,220 37.71 78,440 35.12

284,750 52.02 108,210 47.55

537,100 47.73 99,280 45.68

Education and childcare administrators, preschool and daycare............................................................ 56,430 25.87 53,800 22.75

Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary.................................................................... 274,710 (2) 102,650 (2)

Education administrators, postsecondary............................................................................................... 155,990 53.49 111,260 46.59

Education administrators, all other......................................................................................................... 49,970 45.54 94,730 43.54

187,100 76.43 158,970 73.25

210,680 30.75 63,970 28.58

21,460 36.75 76,430 30.42

Gambling managers............................................................................................................................... 3,660 42.88 89,190 36.98

Entertainment and recreation managers, except gambling..................................................................... 17,800 35.48 73,810 29.81

35,920 32.58 67,770 28.57

436,770 57.61 119,840 48.72

74,760 75.05 156,110 66.30

12,750 39.34 81,820 38.58

234,680 33.67 70,030 28.47

156,400 36.92 76,790 35.58

10,320 40.77 84,800 36.89

20,060 35.75 74,360 29.02

Funeral home managers........................................................................................................................ 12,710 39.86 82,900 35.58

Personal service managers, all other..................................................................................................... 7,350 28.65 59,580 29.02

497,890 62.36 129,710 59.93

Business and financial operations occupations 9,053,790 39.72 82,610 36.81

6,152,960 38.64 80,380 36.56

12,480 55.97 116,410 37.70

439,020 34.88 72,540 30.51

289,580 34.06 70,850 31.11

Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators..................................................................................... 278,140 34.11 70,960 31.29

Insurance appraisers, auto damage....................................................................................................... 11,430 32.78 68,180 30.13

334,340 36.45 75,810 34.45

208,950 35.45 73,740 31.33

805,080 34.24 71,210 30.04

Human resources specialists................................................................................................................. 740,830 34.00 70,720 29.95

Farm labor contractors........................................................................................................................... 440 26.16 54,400 22.97

Labor relations specialists...................................................................................................................... 63,810 37.05 77,070 37.03

933,180 45.45 94,530 39.43

Logisticians............................................................................................................................................ 189,320 38.09 79,230 37.03

Project management specialists............................................................................................................. 743,860 47.32 98,420 45.43

768,450 48.33 100,530 44.71

98,150 27.81 57,850 23.79

82,080 31.19 64,870 29.17

87,750 35.49 73,810 30.83

336,030 32.51 67,620 29.60

727,540 36.58 76,080 30.73

1,030,330 38.10 79,240 35.90

2,900,840 41.99 87,350 37.16

1,318,550 40.37 83,980 37.14

See footnotes at end of table.

Cost estimators...........................................................................................................................................

Human resources workers..........................................................................................................................

Accountants and auditors...........................................................................................................................

Financial specialists.........................................................................................................................................

Logisticians and project management specialists........................................................................................

Management analysts.................................................................................................................................

Meeting, convention, and event planners....................................................................................................

Fundraisers.................................................................................................................................................

Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists..................................................................................

Training and development specialists.........................................................................................................

Market research analysts and marketing specialists....................................................................................

Business operations specialists, all other....................................................................................................

Legislators..................................................................................................................................................

Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers.......................................................

Education and childcare administrators.......................................................................................................

Architectural and engineering managers.....................................................................................................

Managers, all other.....................................................................................................................................

Food service managers..............................................................................................................................

Lodging managers......................................................................................................................................

Medical and health services managers.......................................................................................................

Natural sciences managers.........................................................................................................................

Postmasters and mail superintendents.......................................................................................................

Property, real estate, and community association managers.......................................................................

Social and community service managers....................................................................................................

Emergency management directors.............................................................................................................

Personal service managers.........................................................................................................................

Entertainment and recreation managers.....................................................................................................

Other management occupations......................................................................................................................

Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers...................................................................................

Computer and information systems managers............................................................................................

Financial managers.....................................................................................................................................

Industrial production managers...................................................................................................................

Purchasing managers.................................................................................................................................

Transportation, storage, and distribution managers....................................................................................

Buyers and purchasing agents....................................................................................................................

Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........................................................................

Compliance officers....................................................................................................................................

Construction managers...............................................................................................................................

Occupation

Advertising and promotions managers........................................................................................................

Marketing and sales managers...................................................................................................................

Operations specialties managers.....................................................................................................................

Administrative services and facilities managers..........................................................................................

Top executives................................................................................................................................................

Chief executives.........................................................................................................................................

General and operations managers..............................................................................................................

Business operations specialists.......................................................................................................................

Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes............................................................

Median 

hourly 

wages

Mean wages

Employment

Public relations and fundraising managers..................................................................................................

Compensation and benefits managers........................................................................................................

Human resources managers.......................................................................................................................

Training and development managers..........................................................................................................
Hourly Annual1

Business and financial operations occupations (Continued)

58,340 $33.68 $70,050 $29.49

47,440 40.50 84,240 38.43

68,770 42.32 88,030 37.23

716,930 51.13 106,340 39.29

Financial and investment analysts.......................................................................................................... 291,880 49.53 103,020 44.03

Personal financial advisors.................................................................................................................... 263,030 57.67 119,960 45.27

Insurance underwriters........................................................................................................................... 107,690 38.43 79,940 36.73

Financial risk specialists......................................................................................................................... 54,320 53.18 110,610 48.08

60,750 46.24 96,180 39.14

371,400 37.52 78,040 29.82

Credit counselors................................................................................................................................... 31,230 24.25 50,430 22.87

Loan officers.......................................................................................................................................... 340,170 38.74 80,570 30.47

135,460 26.80 55,750 23.51

Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents................................................................................ 52,270 30.38 63,200 27.30

Tax preparers........................................................................................................................................ 83,190 24.56 51,080 22.26

123,200 38.64 80,370 35.21

4,654,750 48.01 99,860 46.90

4,389,910 47.89 99,620 46.84

662,370 50.40 104,840 47.92

Computer systems analysts................................................................................................................... 505,150 49.14 102,210 47.73

Information security analysts.................................................................................................................. 157,220 54.46 113,270 49.33

30,840 68.58 142,650 63.22

830,510 29.11 60,550 27.84

Computer network support specialists.................................................................................................... 176,200 34.30 71,350 30.17

Computer user support specialists......................................................................................................... 654,310 27.72 57,650 23.93

621,900 49.25 102,440 47.44

Computer network architects................................................................................................................. 168,830 58.01 120,650 57.94

Database administrators........................................................................................................................ 85,870 46.42 96,550 46.50

Database architects............................................................................................................................... 50,440 58.58 121,840 59.34

Network and computer systems administrators...................................................................................... 316,760 43.87 91,250 38.75

1,874,100 54.68 113,720 49.49

Computer programmers......................................................................................................................... 152,610 46.46 96,650 44.71

Software developers.............................................................................................................................. 1,364,180 58.17 120,990 58.05

Software quality assurance analysts and testers.................................................................................... 190,120 46.97 97,710 47.22

Web developers..................................................................................................................................... 84,820 39.09 81,320 37.03

Web and digital interface designers....................................................................................................... 82,380 45.90 95,460 38.41

370,190 47.20 98,180 45.80

264,840 49.90 103,800 47.44

23,040 60.24 125,300 50.91

1,770 54.05 112,430 51.97

98,700 46.07 95,830 39.59

31,370 47.81 99,450 45.95

105,980 52.24 108,660 48.52

3,970 37.48 77,960 30.03

2,436,520 44.10 91,740 38.39

176,840 39.85 82,880 37.34

117,830 42.98 89,400 38.16

Architects, except landscape and naval................................................................................................. 100,400 44.19 91,900 38.55

Landscape architects............................................................................................................................. 17,430 36.05 74,980 32.67

59,000 33.59 69,870 29.78

Cartographers and photogrammetrists................................................................................................... 12,610 35.34 73,510 33.12

Surveyors.............................................................................................................................................. 46,390 33.12 68,880 29.62

1,631,080 50.00 104,000 47.62

56,640 59.12 122,970 58.78

1,120 41.99 87,350 39.73

17,190 48.57 101,020 46.83

24,180 58.58 121,840 50.75

304,310 45.91 95,490 42.33

73,750 65.50 136,230 61.62

293,190 53.21 110,670 48.93

Electrical engineers................................................................................................................................ 186,020 51.87 107,890 48.28

Electronics engineers, except computer................................................................................................. 107,170 55.53 115,490 50.39

42,660 48.18 100,220 46.55

316,820 45.92 95,520 45.82

Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors........................................ 22,870 47.93 99,700 47.62

Industrial engineers................................................................................................................................ 293,950 45.77 95,200 45.82

7,380 47.03 97,820 44.89

21,530 49.02 101,950 47.26

278,240 46.64 97,000 45.82

7,370 48.29 100,450 46.68

12,670 58.54 121,760 57.87

22,100 70.06 145,720 62.91

151,940 51.83 107,800 48.38

628,600 30.01 62,420 28.99

185,200 29.66 61,680 28.99

See footnotes at end of table.

Financial analysts and advisors..................................................................................................................

Computer and mathematical occupations

Computer occupations.....................................................................................................................................

Computer and information analysts.............................................................................................................

Software and web developers, programmers, and testers...........................................................................

Mathematical science occupations...................................................................................................................

Mathematical science occupations, all other...............................................................................................

Drafters, engineering technicians, and mapping technicians............................................................................

Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists......................................................................................

Petroleum engineers...................................................................................................................................

Chemical engineers....................................................................................................................................

Aerospace engineers..................................................................................................................................

Agricultural engineers.................................................................................................................................

Engineers........................................................................................................................................................

Bioengineers and biomedical engineers......................................................................................................

Civil engineers............................................................................................................................................

Computer hardware engineers....................................................................................................................

Electrical and electronics engineers............................................................................................................

Environmental engineers............................................................................................................................

Industrial engineers, including health and safety.........................................................................................

Marine engineers and naval architects........................................................................................................

Materials engineers....................................................................................................................................

Nuclear engineers.......................................................................................................................................

Engineers, all other.....................................................................................................................................

Mechanical engineers.................................................................................................................................

Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers...........................................................

Credit analysts............................................................................................................................................

Budget analysts..........................................................................................................................................

Tax examiners, collectors and preparers, and revenue agents....................................................................

Computer and information research scientists............................................................................................

Property appraisers and assessors.............................................................................................................

Financial examiners....................................................................................................................................

Drafters.......................................................................................................................................................

Credit counselors and loan officers.............................................................................................................

Financial specialists, all other......................................................................................................................

Architects, surveyors, and cartographers.........................................................................................................

Architects, except naval..............................................................................................................................

Computer occupations, all other..................................................................................................................

Actuaries....................................................................................................................................................

Mathematicians..........................................................................................................................................

Operations research analysts......................................................................................................................

Statisticians................................................................................................................................................

Data scientists............................................................................................................................................

Architecture and engineering occupations

Computer support specialists......................................................................................................................

Database and network administrators and architects..................................................................................

Occupation

Median 

hourly 

wages

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Mean wages

Employment
Hourly Annual1

Architecture and engineering occupations (Continued)

Architectural and civil drafters................................................................................................................ 101,310 $29.14 $60,620 $29.01

Electrical and electronics drafters........................................................................................................... 20,830 32.26 67,090 29.57

Mechanical drafters................................................................................................................................ 47,760 30.12 62,650 28.94

Drafters, all other................................................................................................................................... 15,300 28.04 58,330 26.08

387,330 31.06 64,600 29.18

Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians................................................... 10,900 35.34 73,510 35.37

Civil engineering technologists and technicians..................................................................................... 64,170 27.89 58,000 28.04

Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians....................................................... 101,450 33.21 69,070 30.60

Electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologists and technicians..................................................... 11,590 30.71 63,880 29.02

Environmental engineering technologists and technicians...................................................................... 14,910 27.21 56,590 23.27

Industrial engineering technologists and technicians.............................................................................. 62,030 29.44 61,230 28.95

Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians.......................................................................... 40,180 30.47 63,390 29.07

Calibration technologists and technicians............................................................................................... 8,500 30.19 62,800 29.01

Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters, all other..................................................... 73,600 32.83 68,290 29.78

56,070 23.95 49,810 22.55

Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,273,640 38.81 80,730 34.97

304,980 44.80 93,190 38.53

31,920 38.45 79,970 35.66

Animal scientists.................................................................................................................................... 2,790 38.65 80,390 31.29

Food scientists and technologists.......................................................................................................... 13,510 40.46 84,150 37.66

Soil and plant scientists.......................................................................................................................... 15,610 36.68 76,290 32.09

117,460 45.18 93,970 39.75

Biochemists and biophysicists............................................................................................................... 35,050 54.55 113,460 49.17

Microbiologists....................................................................................................................................... 19,430 42.22 87,820 38.11

Zoologists and wildlife biologists............................................................................................................. 15,930 33.80 70,300 31.08

Biological scientists, all other................................................................................................................. 47,050 43.27 90,010 39.68

32,040 32.73 68,080 30.65

Conservation scientists.......................................................................................................................... 22,550 32.81 68,230 30.65

Foresters............................................................................................................................................... 9,500 32.56 67,710 30.82

116,740 49.44 102,830 43.58

Epidemiologists...................................................................................................................................... 8,180 41.70 86,740 37.90

Medical scientists, except epidemiologists............................................................................................. 108,550 50.02 104,050 45.82

6,820 45.40 94,430 39.18

244,340 46.32 96,340 39.47

21,950 72.36 150,510 70.89

Astronomers.......................................................................................................................................... 1,930 67.02 139,410 61.62

Physicists............................................................................................................................................... 20,020 72.88 151,580 73.29

8,520 46.58 96,880 45.47

87,290 43.43 90,330 38.34

Chemists............................................................................................................................................... 80,600 42.85 89,130 38.19

Materials scientists................................................................................................................................ 6,690 50.38 104,790 48.12

106,910 41.82 86,980 37.66

Environmental scientists and specialists, including health...................................................................... 76,890 39.06 81,240 36.79

Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers.............................................................................. 23,620 49.78 103,550 40.23

Hydrologists........................................................................................................................................... 6,390 45.57 94,780 40.40

19,680 54.43 113,220 50.05

246,680 43.66 90,810 38.89

15,640 58.09 120,830 50.79

8,850 31.10 64,690 28.72

129,620 44.28 92,100 38.96

Industrial-organizational psychologists................................................................................................... 610 54.48 113,320 50.63

Clinical and counseling psychologists..................................................................................................... 58,100 47.90 99,640 39.67

School psychologists.............................................................................................................................. 57,110 39.80 82,770 37.88

Psychologists, all other........................................................................................................................... 13,800 47.12 98,010 49.47

2,640 46.28 96,260 44.67

38,940 39.09 81,310 37.74

50,990 43.19 89,840 39.61

Anthropologists and archeologists.......................................................................................................... 6,650 32.12 66,800 29.76

Geographers.......................................................................................................................................... 1,440 41.70 86,740 40.97

Historians.............................................................................................................................................. 2,910 34.68 72,130 30.74

Political scientists................................................................................................................................... 5,650 57.90 120,430 58.90

Social scientists and related workers, all other....................................................................................... 34,330 43.70 90,900 40.59

349,540 25.91 53,890 23.25

25,090 22.23 46,240 21.49

Agricultural technicians.......................................................................................................................... 13,560 21.56 44,850 19.44

Food science technicians....................................................................................................................... 11,530 23.01 47,870 22.40

76,150 24.89 51,770 23.15

57,690 26.46 55,040 23.56

46,860 25.88 53,830 23.01

Environmental science and protection technicians, including health....................................................... 34,110 24.30 50,550 22.78

Geological technicians, except hydrologic technicians........................................................................... 9,210 28.40 59,080 23.23

Hydrologic technicians........................................................................................................................... 3,550 34.50 71,760 29.94

5,360 45.77 95,200 47.76

28,690 27.13 56,430 23.90

30,440 20.87 43,420 18.89

See footnotes at end of table.

Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers....................................................................................

Agricultural and food science technicians....................................................................................................

Biological technicians..................................................................................................................................

Environmental science and geoscience technicians....................................................................................

Nuclear technicians.....................................................................................................................................

Chemical technicians..................................................................................................................................

Life, physical, and social science technicians...................................................................................................

Social science research assistants.............................................................................................................

Forest and conservation technicians...........................................................................................................

Psychologists..............................................................................................................................................

Survey researchers.....................................................................................................................................

Conservation scientists and foresters.........................................................................................................

Life scientists, all other................................................................................................................................

Physical scientists............................................................................................................................................

Atmospheric and space scientists...............................................................................................................

Chemists and materials scientists...............................................................................................................

Environmental scientists and geoscientists.................................................................................................

Social scientists and related workers...............................................................................................................

Economists.................................................................................................................................................

Physical scientists, all other........................................................................................................................

Urban and regional planners.......................................................................................................................

Sociologists................................................................................................................................................

Astronomers and physicists........................................................................................................................

Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters........................................................................

Life scientists...................................................................................................................................................

Agricultural and food scientists....................................................................................................................

Medical scientists........................................................................................................................................

Biological scientists.....................................................................................................................................

Surveying and mapping technicians............................................................................................................

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Median 

hourly 

wages

Occupation

Mean wages

Employment
Hourly Annual1

79,250 $27.83 $57,880 $24.21

Forensic science technicians................................................................................................................. 17,020 32.14 66,850 29.78

Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other.......................................................................... 62,230 26.65 55,420 23.57

128,090 36.13 75,150 36.00

128,090 36.13 75,150 36.00

Occupational health and safety specialists............................................................................................. 106,340 37.86 78,740 37.29

Occupational health and safety technicians............................................................................................ 21,750 27.67 57,560 24.58

2,239,680 25.94 53,960 23.28

2,157,410 25.94 53,950 23.27

781,830 27.12 56,410 23.73

Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors.................................................................. 296,370 30.33 63,090 29.09

Marriage and family therapists............................................................................................................... 54,800 28.69 59,660 23.98

Rehabilitation counselors....................................................................................................................... 90,310 21.51 44,740 18.54

Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors.................................................... 310,880 25.72 53,490 23.33

Counselors, all other.............................................................................................................................. 29,480 23.91 49,730 21.71

677,440 27.83 57,880 24.23

Child, family, and school social workers................................................................................................. 340,050 26.39 54,880 23.63

Healthcare social workers...................................................................................................................... 173,860 29.96 62,310 29.25

Mental health and substance abuse social workers................................................................................ 113,810 27.79 57,800 23.62

Social workers, all other......................................................................................................................... 49,730 30.29 63,010 29.42

698,130 22.78 47,380 20.43

Health education specialists................................................................................................................... 55,830 31.22 64,930 29.13

Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists........................................................................ 92,140 30.43 63,290 28.97

Social and human service assistants..................................................................................................... 398,380 19.45 40,460 18.08

Community health workers..................................................................................................................... 61,010 22.97 47,780 22.40

Community and social service specialists, all other................................................................................ 90,770 24.28 50,510 22.78

82,280 26.13 54,340 23.35

50,790 27.51 57,230 23.90

21,000 25.42 52,880 22.59

10,490 20.81 43,290 18.03

1,178,140 54.38 113,100 39.63

744,760 69.46 144,470 61.32

695,810 70.30 146,220 61.39

Lawyers................................................................................................................................................. 681,010 71.17 148,030 61.54

Judicial law clerks.................................................................................................................................. 14,800 30.16 62,730 24.40

48,950 57.54 119,690 53.15

Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers................................................................. 13,840 50.08 104,160 49.30

Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators.................................................................................................. 7,320 29.98 62,350 23.76

Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates.......................................................................................... 27,790 68.52 142,520 71.17

433,380 28.46 59,190 26.38

336,250 28.04 58,330 27.03

97,130 29.89 62,170 24.78

Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers........................................................................................... 51,040 25.19 52,390 22.74

Legal support workers, all other............................................................................................................. 46,090 35.10 73,000 28.75

Educational instruction and library occupations 8,191,930 29.88 62,140 27.51

1,340,560 (2) 95,200 (2)

79,640 (2) 105,720 (2)

81,740 (2) 88,730 (2)

Computer science teachers, postsecondary........................................................................................... 37,600 (2) 89,610 (2)

Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary..................................................................................... 44,140 (2) 87,980 (2)

41,380 (2) 113,150 (2)

Architecture teachers, postsecondary.................................................................................................... 5,950 (2) 98,600 (2)

Engineering teachers, postsecondary.................................................................................................... 35,440 (2) 115,590 (2)

57,440 (2) 98,430 (2)

Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary....................................................................................... 8,570 (2) 97,520 (2)

Biological science teachers, postsecondary........................................................................................... 47,690 (2) 98,710 (2)

Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary.................................................................. 1,180 (2) 93,510 (2)

48,420 (2) 97,110 (2)

Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary............................................ 10,250 (2) 102,840 (2)

Chemistry teachers, postsecondary....................................................................................................... 20,260 (2) 94,060 (2)

Environmental science teachers, postsecondary.................................................................................... 5,440 (2) 92,210 (2)

Physics teachers, postsecondary........................................................................................................... 12,460 (2) 99,480 (2)

108,100 (2) 94,340 (2)

Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary.......................................................................... 5,010 (2) 102,110 (2)

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary.................................................................... 9,040 (2) 91,680 (2)

Economics teachers, postsecondary...................................................................................................... 11,790 (2) 124,090 (2)

Geography teachers, postsecondary...................................................................................................... 3,440 (2) 88,150 (2)

Political science teachers, postsecondary.............................................................................................. 14,060 (2) 98,980 (2)

Psychology teachers, postsecondary..................................................................................................... 36,060 (2) 88,390 (2)

Sociology teachers, postsecondary........................................................................................................ 12,550 (2) 87,850 (2)

Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other................................................................................. 16,140 (2) 87,320 (2)

259,890 (2) 119,880 (2)

Health specialties teachers, postsecondary............................................................................................ 191,830 (2) 133,310 (2)

See footnotes at end of table.

Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians.........................................................................

Directors, religious activities and education................................................................................................

Legal occupations

Lawyers, judges, and related workers..............................................................................................................

Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians........................................................................

Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians..............................................................................

Community and social service occupations

Social workers............................................................................................................................................

Social sciences teachers, postsecondary....................................................................................................

Mean wages

Occupation

Median 

hourly 

wages

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Lawyers and judicial law clerks....................................................................................................................

Religious workers, all other.........................................................................................................................

Employment

Life, physical, and social science occupations (Continued)

Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers..........................................................................................

Legal support workers......................................................................................................................................

Paralegals and legal assistants...................................................................................................................

Miscellaneous legal support workers...........................................................................................................

Postsecondary teachers..................................................................................................................................

Business teachers, postsecondary..............................................................................................................

Math and computer science teachers, postsecondary.................................................................................

Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists..............................................

Counselors.................................................................................................................................................

Miscellaneous community and social service specialists.............................................................................

Religious workers............................................................................................................................................

Clergy.........................................................................................................................................................

Engineering and architecture teachers, postsecondary...............................................................................

Life sciences teachers, postsecondary........................................................................................................

Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary................................................................................................

Health teachers, postsecondary..................................................................................................................
Hourly Annual1

Educational instruction and library occupations (Continued)

Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary................................................................................... 68,060 (2) $82,040 (2)

63,100 (2) 77,260 (2)

Education teachers, postsecondary....................................................................................................... 58,780 (2) 76,990 (2)

Library science teachers, postsecondary............................................................................................... 4,330 (2) 80,850 (2)

40,170 (2) 97,720 (2)

Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary.............................................................. 13,790 (2) 81,730 (2)

Law teachers, postsecondary................................................................................................................. 14,110 (2) 130,820 (2)

Social work teachers, postsecondary..................................................................................................... 12,280 (2) 77,650 (2)

239,610 (2) 85,110 (2)

Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary..................................................................................... 94,720 (2) 86,240 (2)

Communications teachers, postsecondary............................................................................................. 27,330 (2) 84,580 (2)

English language and literature teachers, postsecondary....................................................................... 58,480 (2) 82,680 (2)

Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary...................................................................... 19,640 (2) 82,990 (2)

History teachers, postsecondary............................................................................................................ 18,590 (2) 86,460 (2)

Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary................................................................................... 20,850 (2) 88,260 (2)

321,050 (2) 82,100 (2)

Family and consumer sciences teachers, postsecondary....................................................................... 2,730 (2) 93,230 (2)

Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary........................................................................ 13,860 (2) 79,080 (2)

Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary............................................................................. 105,440 30.35 63,130 28.77

Postsecondary teachers, all other.......................................................................................................... 199,020 (2) 92,200 (2)

4,021,070 (2) 64,870 (2)

512,400 20.70 43,060 17.65

Preschool teachers, except special education........................................................................................ 391,670 17.53 36,460 14.52

Kindergarten teachers, except special education................................................................................... 120,730 (2) 64,490 (2)

1,933,120 (2) 67,030 (2)

Elementary school teachers, except special education........................................................................... 1,329,280 (2) 67,080 (2)

Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education.................................................. 592,000 (2) 66,880 (2)

Career/technical education teachers, middle school............................................................................... 11,840 (2) 69,410 (2)

1,104,600 (2) 69,490 (2)

Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education........................................... 1,020,240 (2) 69,530 (2)

Career/technical education teachers, secondary school......................................................................... 84,360 (2) 68,960 (2)

470,960 (2) 68,880 (2)

Special education teachers, preschool................................................................................................... 21,130 (2) 71,970 (2)

Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school........................................................... 187,070 (2) 67,090 (2)

Special education teachers, middle school............................................................................................. 79,070 (2) 68,860 (2)

Special education teachers, secondary school....................................................................................... 145,690 (2) 70,100 (2)

Special education teachers, all other...................................................................................................... 38,000 (2) 71,330 (2)

941,530 22.35 46,490 17.94

38,260 29.16 60,650 28.71

216,910 23.67 49,230 20.95

374,620 18.47 38,410 14.47

147,100 20.09 41,780 17.53

164,650 (2) 62,200 (2)

228,900 26.69 55,520 23.59

28,110 28.28 58,830 24.09

Archivists............................................................................................................................................... 6,120 29.75 61,880 28.87

Curators................................................................................................................................................. 11,030 30.71 63,880 28.90

Museum technicians and conservators.................................................................................................. 10,960 25.02 52,030 22.90

127,790 30.86 64,180 29.42

73,000 18.79 39,070 17.78

1,659,870 (2) 38,620 (2)

10,620 27.90 58,040 24.03

184,740 33.92 70,560 30.64

1,308,560 (2) 32,640 (2)

Teaching assistants, postsecondary...................................................................................................... 121,290 (2) 41,170 (2)

Teaching assistants, except postsecondary........................................................................................... 1,187,270 (2) 31,760 (2)

155,950 23.87 49,650 22.26

1,815,290 31.78 66,100 24.61

609,150 28.32 58,910 23.18

83,070 45.83 95,330 38.94

Art directors........................................................................................................................................... 42,080 55.50 115,430 48.51

Craft artists............................................................................................................................................ 3,740 19.58 40,730 17.27

Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators....................................................................... 9,430 33.18 69,010 29.24

Special effects artists and animators...................................................................................................... 20,430 41.45 86,220 37.88

Artists and related workers, all other...................................................................................................... 7,390 32.33 67,240 29.61

526,080 25.56 53,160 22.29

Commercial and industrial designers..................................................................................................... 27,940 38.31 79,680 37.03

Fashion designers................................................................................................................................. 19,310 40.22 83,650 37.24

Floral designers..................................................................................................................................... 36,000 15.43 32,100 14.36

Graphic designers.................................................................................................................................. 204,040 28.83 59,970 24.38

Interior designers................................................................................................................................... 61,970 30.08 62,570 29.01

Merchandise displayers and window trimmers....................................................................................... 159,790 17.08 35,520 15.41

Set and exhibit designers....................................................................................................................... 6,850 30.27 62,960 26.37

Designers, all other................................................................................................................................ 10,190 35.33 73,480 29.96

See footnotes at end of table.

Other teachers and instructors.........................................................................................................................

Adult basic education, adult secondary education, and English as a second language instructors..............

Self-enrichment teachers............................................................................................................................

Substitute teachers, short-term...................................................................................................................

Tutors.........................................................................................................................................................

Teachers and instructors, all other..............................................................................................................

Employment

Preschool and kindergarten teachers..........................................................................................................

Instructional coordinators............................................................................................................................

Librarians and media collections specialists................................................................................................

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Artists and related workers..........................................................................................................................

Median 

hourly 

wages

Mean wages

Occupation

Designers...................................................................................................................................................

Law, criminal justice, and social work teachers, postsecondary...................................................................

Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers.......................................................................................................

Preschool, elementary, middle, secondary, and special education teachers.....................................................

Elementary and middle school teachers......................................................................................................

Secondary school teachers.........................................................................................................................

Special education teachers.........................................................................................................................

Education and library science teachers, postsecondary..............................................................................

Arts, communications, history, and humanities teachers, postsecondary....................................................

Librarians, curators, and archivists..................................................................................................................

Archivists, curators, and museum technicians............................................................................................

Library technicians......................................................................................................................................

Other educational instruction and library occupations......................................................................................

Farm and home management educators....................................................................................................

Teaching assistants....................................................................................................................................

Educational instruction and library workers, all other...................................................................................

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations

Art and design workers....................................................................................................................................
Hourly Annual1

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations (Continued)

438,600 $34.55 $71,870 $23.78

168,350 45.85 95,360 37.06

Actors.................................................................................................................................................... 30,100 31.31 (2) 23.48

Producers and directors......................................................................................................................... 138,250 49.01 101,950 37.98

215,690 (2) 54,390 (2)

Athletes and sports competitors............................................................................................................. 12,320 (2) 116,930 (2)

Coaches and scouts.............................................................................................................................. 193,740 (2) 50,550 (2)

Umpires, referees, and other sports officials.......................................................................................... 9,620 (2) 51,710 (2)

7,850 24.17 50,280 19.47

Dancers................................................................................................................................................. 3,850 24.49 (2) 18.78

Choreographers..................................................................................................................................... 3,990 23.86 49,630 20.53

33,640 38.57 (2) 29.35

Music directors and composers............................................................................................................. 9,560 31.29 65,080 23.62

Musicians and singers........................................................................................................................... 24,080 41.46 (2) 30.49

13,070 23.60 (2) 17.59

Disc jockeys, except radio...................................................................................................................... 4,770 21.82 (2) 15.70

Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other......................................................... 8,300 24.62 (2) 17.96

573,200 34.50 71,760 29.97

24,580 26.97 56,110 18.09

39,080 30.40 63,230 23.26

242,710 35.22 73,250 30.19

185,810 37.96 78,950 34.44

Editors................................................................................................................................................... 88,780 36.73 76,400 30.46

Technical writers.................................................................................................................................... 47,620 39.17 81,470 37.53

Writers and authors............................................................................................................................... 49,410 39.00 81,120 33.42

81,010 28.68 59,650 24.03

Interpreters and translators.................................................................................................................... 52,170 28.08 58,400 23.61

Court reporters and simultaneous captioners......................................................................................... 12,300 31.36 65,240 29.03

Media and communication workers, all other.......................................................................................... 16,540 28.56 59,400 23.99

194,350 28.35 58,970 23.52

90,940 26.80 55,750 23.46

Audio and video technicians.................................................................................................................. 50,590 26.59 55,310 23.47

Broadcast technicians............................................................................................................................ 25,270 24.66 51,280 21.51

Sound engineering technicians.............................................................................................................. 10,800 32.38 67,360 29.09

Lighting technicians............................................................................................................................... 4,280 27.89 58,020 24.75

38,420 23.18 48,210 18.73

48,320 33.66 70,020 29.02

Camera operators, television, video, and film......................................................................................... 20,280 29.69 61,740 23.67

Film and video editors............................................................................................................................ 28,030 36.54 76,000 30.13

16,670 33.31 69,290 30.41

8,787,730 43.80 91,100 36.08

5,772,460 53.92 112,160 39.07

35,810 39.06 81,240 36.06

124,680 85.47 177,770 78.47

Dentists, general.................................................................................................................................... 108,680 80.37 167,160 77.10

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons............................................................................................................. 5,330 149.74 311,460 (3)

Orthodontists......................................................................................................................................... 5,140 128.50 267,280 (3)

Prosthodontists...................................................................................................................................... 790 69.10 143,730 48.54

Dentists, all other specialists.................................................................................................................. 4,750 86.25 179,400 84.21

66,690 31.55 65,620 29.64

38,720 60.31 125,440 59.76

312,550 60.43 125,690 61.81

132,940 57.43 119,460 58.43

8,840 76.15 158,380 70.11

687,440 40.42 84,080 37.82

Occupational therapists......................................................................................................................... 127,830 43.02 89,470 41.14

Physical therapists................................................................................................................................. 225,350 44.67 92,920 45.97

Radiation therapists............................................................................................................................... 16,050 45.19 94,000 39.80

Recreational therapists.......................................................................................................................... 16,980 25.91 53,900 23.05

Respiratory therapists............................................................................................................................ 133,410 32.78 68,190 29.73

Speech-language pathologists............................................................................................................... 147,470 41.26 85,820 38.01

Exercise physiologists............................................................................................................................ 6,860 25.98 54,030 23.05

Therapists, all other............................................................................................................................... 13,490 31.26 65,030 28.61

77,260 52.84 109,920 48.26

3,047,530 39.78 82,750 37.31

43,950 97.34 202,470 94.04

7,750 54.91 114,210 54.24

234,690 56.75 118,040 58.02

13,240 41.37 86,050 37.96

641,380 121.38 252,480 (3)

Anesthesiologists................................................................................................................................... 31,130 159.22 331,190 (3)

Cardiologists.......................................................................................................................................... 18,610 170.18 353,970 (3)

Dermatologists....................................................................................................................................... 9,230 145.55 302,740 (3)

Emergency medicine physicians............................................................................................................ 36,180 149.35 310,640 (3)

Family medicine physicians.................................................................................................................... 102,930 113.43 235,930 (3)

General internal medicine physicians..................................................................................................... 58,260 116.44 242,190 (3)

See footnotes at end of table.

Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners................................................................................................

Veterinarians..............................................................................................................................................

Nurse practitioners......................................................................................................................................

Dietitians and nutritionists...........................................................................................................................

Nurse anesthetists......................................................................................................................................

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Optometrists...............................................................................................................................................

Pharmacists................................................................................................................................................

Physician assistants...................................................................................................................................

Podiatrists...................................................................................................................................................

Occupation

Median 

hourly 

wages

Employment

Mean wages

Nurse midwives..........................................................................................................................................

Physicians..................................................................................................................................................

Miscellaneous media and communication workers......................................................................................

Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers.................................................................................

Actors, producers, and directors.................................................................................................................

Dancers and choreographers......................................................................................................................

Broadcast, sound, and lighting technicians.................................................................................................

Dentists......................................................................................................................................................

Audiologists................................................................................................................................................

Therapists...................................................................................................................................................

Registered nurses.......................................................................................................................................

Chiropractors..............................................................................................................................................

Musicians, singers, and related workers.....................................................................................................

Photographers............................................................................................................................................

Television, video, and film camera operators and editors............................................................................

Writers and editors.....................................................................................................................................

Media and communication equipment workers................................................................................................

Media and communication equipment workers, all other.............................................................................

Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers........................................................................................

Miscellaneous entertainers and performers, sports and related workers.....................................................

Media and communication workers..................................................................................................................

Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys.............................................................................................

News analysts, reporters, and journalists....................................................................................................

Public relations specialists..........................................................................................................................

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
Hourly Annual1

Neurologists........................................................................................................................................... 7,120 $128.68 $267,660 (3)

Obstetricians and gynecologists............................................................................................................. 21,570 142.41 296,210 (3)

Pediatricians, general............................................................................................................................ 33,620 95.40 198,420 81.96

Physicians, pathologists......................................................................................................................... 11,010 128.45 267,180 (3)

Psychiatrists.......................................................................................................................................... 25,520 120.08 249,760 (3)

Radiologists........................................................................................................................................... 29,530 145.06 301,720 (3)

Physicians, all other............................................................................................................................... 256,670 111.30 231,500 (3)

58,280 141.60 294,520 (3)

Ophthalmologists, except pediatric......................................................................................................... 11,610 129.85 270,090 (3)

Orthopedic surgeons, except pediatric................................................................................................... 16,260 147.22 306,220 (3)

Pediatric surgeons................................................................................................................................. 820 139.57 290,310 (3)

Surgeons, all other................................................................................................................................. 29,590 143.17 297,800 (3)

240,690 40.65 84,550 37.45

Acupuncturists....................................................................................................................................... 7,250 34.51 71,770 29.12

Dental hygienists.................................................................................................................................... 207,190 39.12 81,360 37.41

Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other........................................................................ 26,250 54.44 113,230 48.22

2,887,210 24.18 50,300 22.55

318,780 27.36 56,910 27.79

408,390 34.03 70,780 32.26

Cardiovascular technologists and technicians........................................................................................ 55,760 29.82 62,020 29.12

Diagnostic medical sonographers.......................................................................................................... 78,640 38.79 80,680 37.38

Nuclear medicine technologists.............................................................................................................. 17,140 40.79 84,850 37.86

Radiologic technologists and technicians............................................................................................... 216,380 31.97 66,490 29.50

Magnetic resonance imaging technologists............................................................................................ 38,070 37.41 77,820 37.19

Medical dosimetrists.............................................................................................................................. 2,400 59.98 124,750 61.19

257,910 19.94 41,480 17.76

Emergency medical technicians............................................................................................................. 161,400 17.64 36,690 17.05

Paramedics............................................................................................................................................ 96,510 23.80 49,500 22.48

845,080 19.31 40,170 17.78

Dietetic technicians................................................................................................................................ 21,610 16.42 34,160 14.19

Pharmacy technicians............................................................................................................................ 436,630 18.25 37,970 17.66

Psychiatric technicians........................................................................................................................... 93,410 18.27 38,000 17.58

Surgical technologists............................................................................................................................ 109,060 25.77 53,590 23.33

Veterinary technologists and technicians............................................................................................... 118,670 18.39 38,250 17.72

Ophthalmic medical technicians............................................................................................................. 65,700 19.77 41,120 17.87

641,240 24.93 51,850 23.11

180,570 23.23 48,310 22.43

73,270 20.70 43,060 18.06

161,980 24.96 51,910 22.42

Orthotists and prosthetists..................................................................................................................... 10,410 38.38 79,820 36.27

Hearing aid specialists........................................................................................................................... 10,790 28.83 59,960 28.61

Health technologists and technicians, all other....................................................................................... 140,770 23.67 49,230 21.98

128,060 29.55 61,470 26.19

37,900 29.53 61,410 26.71

90,160 29.56 61,490 25.97

Athletic trainers...................................................................................................................................... 26,070 (2) 54,650 (2)

Genetic counselors................................................................................................................................ 2,740 41.65 86,640 38.54

Surgical assistants................................................................................................................................. 17,250 28.45 59,170 23.23

Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other........................................................................ 44,100 31.19 64,880 28.25

6,603,680 16.02 33,330 14.37

4,765,620 14.64 30,440 14.24

3,366,480 14.07 29,260 14.15

1,399,130 16.01 33,290 14.56

Nursing assistants................................................................................................................................. 1,314,830 15.99 33,250 14.57

Orderlies................................................................................................................................................ 45,160 16.08 33,440 14.42

Psychiatric aides.................................................................................................................................... 39,140 16.65 34,640 14.55

181,410 25.91 53,900 27.87

45,350 29.69 61,760 29.58

Occupational therapy assistants............................................................................................................ 41,980 30.56 63,560 29.68

Occupational therapy aides.................................................................................................................... 3,370 18.86 39,230 16.14

136,050 24.65 51,280 23.64

Physical therapist assistants.................................................................................................................. 93,660 29.20 60,740 29.42

Physical therapist aides......................................................................................................................... 42,390 14.60 30,370 14.04

1,656,660 18.93 39,360 17.97

81,030 23.68 49,260 22.55

1,575,620 18.68 38,860 17.94

Dental assistants................................................................................................................................... 347,170 20.44 42,510 18.59

Medical assistants................................................................................................................................. 727,760 18.36 38,190 17.88

Medical equipment preparers................................................................................................................. 61,170 20.40 42,420 18.37

Medical transcriptionists......................................................................................................................... 55,830 16.45 34,220 14.47

Pharmacy aides..................................................................................................................................... 43,560 16.61 34,560 14.39

Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers.......................................................................... 98,970 15.28 31,780 14.32

Phlebotomists........................................................................................................................................ 132,750 18.49 38,450 17.97

Healthcare support workers, all other..................................................................................................... 108,410 19.56 40,690 18.14

See footnotes at end of table.

Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations................................................................................

Miscellaneous health practitioners and technical workers............................................................................

Healthcare support occupations

Nursing assistants, orderlies, and psychiatric aides....................................................................................

Occupation

Surgeons....................................................................................................................................................

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations (Continued)

Diagnostic related technologists and technicians........................................................................................

Health information technologists and medical registrars..............................................................................

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Median 

hourly 

wages

Employment

Mean wages

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians.........................................................................................

Physical therapist assistants and aides.......................................................................................................

Other healthcare support occupations..............................................................................................................

Massage therapists.....................................................................................................................................

Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...........................................................................................

Miscellaneous healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners.....................................................................

Health technologists and technicians...............................................................................................................

Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses......................................................................................

Opticians, dispensing..................................................................................................................................

Medical records specialists.........................................................................................................................

Home health and personal care aides; and nursing assistants, orderlies, and psychiatric aides.......................

Emergency medical technicians and paramedics........................................................................................

Health practitioner support technologists and technicians...........................................................................

Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians....................................................................................

Home health and personal care aides.........................................................................................................

Occupational therapy and physical therapist assistants and aides...................................................................

Occupational therapy assistants and aides.................................................................................................
Hourly Annual1

3,385,030 $25.68 $53,420 $22.40

342,810 38.95 81,010 37.16

182,700 43.32 90,110 39.15

First-line supervisors of correctional officers.......................................................................................... 54,470 33.53 69,750 29.91

First-line supervisors of police and detectives........................................................................................ 128,230 47.48 98,760 47.76

80,890 40.03 83,270 37.61

79,230 27.75 57,730 25.23

First-line supervisors of security workers............................................................................................... 55,450 26.48 55,080 24.15

First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other.................................................................. 23,780 30.73 63,910 29.33

334,670 26.88 55,910 24.49

317,310 26.58 55,290 24.38

17,370 32.32 67,230 30.33

Fire inspectors and investigators........................................................................................................... 14,600 33.50 69,680 31.06

Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists.................................................................................... 2,770 26.12 54,340 20.48

1,200,060 31.91 66,370 29.42

409,020 25.66 53,380 23.04

Bailiffs.................................................................................................................................................... 16,420 25.16 52,340 23.23

Correctional officers and jailers.............................................................................................................. 392,600 25.69 53,420 23.04

107,890 43.45 90,370 40.21

6,730 27.98 58,190 29.20

7,450 22.14 46,050 22.40

668,970 34.01 70,740 31.06

Police and sheriff's patrol officers........................................................................................................... 665,380 34.02 70,750 31.06

Transit and railroad police...................................................................................................................... 3,590 33.45 69,570 31.21

1,507,480 17.44 36,280 15.17

11,600 20.49 42,620 18.83

28,860 29.31 60,970 28.55

1,066,280 17.24 35,860 15.13

Gambling surveillance officers and gambling investigators..................................................................... 9,190 18.31 38,080 17.04

Security guards...................................................................................................................................... 1,057,100 17.23 35,830 15.13

400,740 17.04 35,450 15.11

Crossing guards and flaggers................................................................................................................ 82,690 17.15 35,670 15.12

Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers................................................ 114,320 13.14 27,320 12.32

Transportation security screeners.......................................................................................................... 48,320 22.30 46,380 21.86

School bus monitors.............................................................................................................................. 55,310 14.53 30,220 13.99

Protective service workers, all other....................................................................................................... 100,110 20.27 42,160 18.37

11,201,480 14.16 29,450 13.65

1,170,410 19.77 41,130 17.85

1,170,410 19.77 41,130 17.85

Chefs and head cooks........................................................................................................................... 129,810 27.37 56,920 24.11

First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers............................................................... 1,040,600 18.82 39,150 17.58

3,281,610 14.13 29,380 13.99

2,498,260 14.21 29,560 14.00

Cooks, fast food..................................................................................................................................... 768,130 12.25 25,490 11.63

Cooks, institution and cafeteria.............................................................................................................. 392,860 15.15 31,520 14.38

Cooks, private household....................................................................................................................... 440 20.80 43,260 20.63

Cooks, restaurant.................................................................................................................................. 1,193,860 15.21 31,630 14.43

Cooks, short order................................................................................................................................. 124,800 13.51 28,110 13.73

Cooks, all other...................................................................................................................................... 18,170 16.05 33,390 14.77

783,350 13.85 28,810 13.84

5,627,500 13.23 27,520 12.50

485,330 14.59 30,340 12.67

3,095,120 12.53 26,060 12.07

1,804,030 13.95 29,010 12.50

243,030 14.19 29,500 13.81

1,121,960 13.06 27,170 13.17

336,970 13.31 27,690 13.06

377,040 13.15 27,350 13.52

324,690 12.50 26,000 11.83

83,240 13.83 28,760 14.00

4,108,810 16.23 33,750 14.54

270,020 23.38 48,620 22.42

270,020 23.38 48,620 22.42

First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers................................................................. 153,640 21.68 45,100 19.05

First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers.................................. 116,380 25.61 53,270 23.46

2,862,840 15.19 31,590 14.25

2,777,470 15.05 31,310 14.20

Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.......................................................... 2,036,680 15.32 31,860 14.31

Maids and housekeeping cleaners......................................................................................................... 723,430 14.22 29,580 13.84

Building cleaning workers, all other........................................................................................................ 17,350 18.52 38,530 16.51

85,370 19.54 40,640 18.05

975,950 17.29 35,960 17.05

975,950 17.29 35,960 17.05

Landscaping and groundskeeping workers............................................................................................ 892,450 16.94 35,240 16.55

Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation...................................................................... 25,820 19.47 40,500 18.40

See footnotes at end of table.

Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers..................................................................................

Cooks and food preparation workers................................................................................................................

Cooks.........................................................................................................................................................

Food preparation workers...........................................................................................................................

Fish and game wardens..............................................................................................................................

Other protective service workers.....................................................................................................................

Private detectives and investigators............................................................................................................

Security guards and gambling surveillance officers.....................................................................................

Miscellaneous protective service workers...................................................................................................

Animal control workers................................................................................................................................

Median 

hourly 

wages

Employment

Mean wages

Supervisors of protective service workers........................................................................................................

Occupation

Fire inspectors............................................................................................................................................

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Food preparation and serving related workers, all other..............................................................................

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations

Supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers.........................................................

Building cleaning and pest control workers.......................................................................................................

Grounds maintenance workers........................................................................................................................

Grounds maintenance workers...................................................................................................................

Dishwashers...............................................................................................................................................

Waiters and waitresses...............................................................................................................................

Food and beverage serving workers................................................................................................................

Bartenders..................................................................................................................................................

Fast food and counter workers....................................................................................................................

Food servers, nonrestaurant.......................................................................................................................

Other food preparation and serving related workers.........................................................................................

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers......................................................................

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop.........................................................................

Food preparation and serving related occupations

Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers.......................................................................................

Pest control workers...................................................................................................................................

Protective service occupations

First-line supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers......................................

Building cleaning workers............................................................................................................................

Law enforcement workers................................................................................................................................

Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers......................................................................................................

Detectives and criminal investigators..........................................................................................................

First-line supervisors of law enforcement workers.......................................................................................

First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers........................................................................

Miscellaneous first-line supervisors, protective service workers..................................................................

Firefighting and prevention workers.................................................................................................................

Firefighters.................................................................................................................................................

Parking enforcement workers.....................................................................................................................

Police officers.............................................................................................................................................
Hourly Annual1

Tree trimmers and pruners.................................................................................................................... 41,920 $22.81 $47,450 $22.58

Grounds maintenance workers, all other................................................................................................ 15,770 18.81 39,120 17.57

2,566,440 16.17 33,620 14.16

187,400 22.57 46,950 21.67

86,370 23.25 48,370 22.62

First-line supervisors of gambling services workers............................................................................... 19,510 25.28 52,590 23.63

First-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers, except gambling services..................... 66,860 22.66 47,130 21.57

101,030 21.99 45,730 19.42

241,520 14.47 30,100 13.81

15,840 18.38 38,230 15.04

225,680 14.19 29,520 13.75

418,960 13.06 27,170 12.00

82,860 14.11 29,340 12.32

Gambling dealers................................................................................................................................... 64,700 13.92 28,960 12.00

Gambling and sports book writers and runners...................................................................................... 7,340 14.00 29,110 13.24

Gambling service workers, all other....................................................................................................... 10,820 15.28 31,790 13.94

1,620 15.85 32,970 14.11

54,970 12.69 26,390 11.75

279,510 12.81 26,650 11.93

Amusement and recreation attendants................................................................................................... 262,170 12.55 26,110 11.78

Costume attendants............................................................................................................................... 3,380 26.25 54,590 23.00

Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants.......................................................................... 9,670 14.53 30,220 13.74

Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other......................................................................... 4,290 14.27 29,680 11.62

63,300 20.58 42,800 17.54

6,110 22.77 47,350 21.62

Embalmers............................................................................................................................................ 4,070 24.62 51,210 22.97

Crematory operators.............................................................................................................................. 2,040 19.07 39,660 18.03

32,490 15.21 31,630 14.05

24,700 27.10 56,360 23.53

481,530 16.99 35,350 14.22

298,880 17.30 35,980 14.27

Barbers.................................................................................................................................................. 12,910 17.16 35,700 14.41

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists........................................................................................ 285,980 17.30 35,990 14.26

182,640 16.50 34,310 14.16

Makeup artists, theatrical and performance............................................................................................ 1,960 59.80 124,380 64.78

Manicurists and pedicurists.................................................................................................................... 120,540 14.65 30,480 14.05

Shampooers.......................................................................................................................................... 9,560 12.09 25,160 11.75

Skincare specialists............................................................................................................................... 50,580 20.05 41,700 17.93

54,100 16.68 34,680 14.77

54,100 16.68 34,680 14.77

Baggage porters and bellhops................................................................................................................ 20,530 14.44 30,040 14.00

Concierges............................................................................................................................................ 33,560 18.04 37,520 16.93

30,980 15.96 33,200 14.32

30,980 15.96 33,200 14.32

1,088,670 15.99 33,260 14.20

438,520 13.31 27,680 13.22

485,620 18.43 38,340 14.87

Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors....................................................................................... 221,600 22.05 45,870 19.57

Recreation workers................................................................................................................................ 264,020 15.39 32,020 14.27

92,500 16.81 34,950 15.01

72,030 14.80 30,790 14.24

13,256,290 22.15 46,080 14.71

1,387,190 26.38 54,880 22.52

1,387,190 26.38 54,880 22.52

First-line supervisors of retail sales workers........................................................................................... 1,143,260 22.54 46,890 18.86

First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers.................................................................................... 243,920 44.38 92,320 38.31

7,665,410 14.45 30,060 13.79

3,335,170 12.88 26,780 13.12

Cashiers................................................................................................................................................ 3,318,020 12.87 26,770 13.11

Gambling change persons and booth cashiers....................................................................................... 17,150 14.00 29,130 13.75

636,750 17.54 36,480 15.28

Counter and rental clerks....................................................................................................................... 371,620 17.39 36,170 15.06

Parts salespersons................................................................................................................................ 265,130 17.75 36,920 16.47

3,693,490 15.35 31,920 14.00

2,009,700 35.95 74,770 29.11

96,660 31.99 66,540 25.16

422,600 33.34 69,340 23.96

426,870 44.84 93,260 30.25

37,190 22.39 46,580 21.06

1,026,390 34.19 71,110 29.11

1,508,660 37.38 77,750 30.24

1,508,660 37.38 77,750 30.24

Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products.......................... 266,160 49.40 102,750 45.60

Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............. 1,242,490 34.81 72,390 29.61

685,330 25.76 53,580 17.59

See footnotes at end of table.

Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing.......................................................................................

First-line supervisors of sales workers........................................................................................................

Embalmers and crematory operators..........................................................................................................

Personal appearance workers..........................................................................................................................

Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges......................................................................................................

Other personal care and service workers.........................................................................................................

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations (Continued)

Personal care and service occupations

Supervisors of personal care and service workers...........................................................................................

First-line supervisors of personal service workers.......................................................................................

Animal care and service workers.....................................................................................................................

Animal trainers............................................................................................................................................

Funeral service workers...................................................................................................................................

Gambling services workers.........................................................................................................................

Miscellaneous personal appearance workers..............................................................................................

Funeral attendants......................................................................................................................................

Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers...........................................................................................

Employment

Median 

hourly 

wages

Occupation

Animal caretakers.......................................................................................................................................

Entertainment attendants and related workers.................................................................................................

Barbers, hairdressers, hairstylists and cosmetologists................................................................................

Mean wages

Residential advisors....................................................................................................................................

Tour and travel guides.....................................................................................................................................

Childcare workers.......................................................................................................................................

Tour and travel guides................................................................................................................................

Recreation and fitness workers...................................................................................................................

Travel agents..............................................................................................................................................

Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel..................

Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing..................................................................................

Insurance sales agents...............................................................................................................................

Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents......................................................................

Advertising sales agents.............................................................................................................................

Other sales and related workers......................................................................................................................

Personal care and service workers, all other...............................................................................................

Sales and related occupations

Supervisors of sales workers...........................................................................................................................

Retail sales workers.........................................................................................................................................

Cashiers.....................................................................................................................................................

Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons.......................................................................................

Retail salespersons.....................................................................................................................................

Sales representatives, services.......................................................................................................................

First-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers....................................................................

Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges.................................................................................................

Motion picture projectionists.......................................................................................................................

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers.................................................................................................

Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers......................................................................

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued
Hourly Annual1

42,670 $19.01 $39,550 $15.73

Demonstrators and product promoters................................................................................................... 40,680 17.78 36,990 15.55

Models................................................................................................................................................... 2,000 (Ϻ) (Ϻ) (Ϻ)

224,380 32.16 66,880 23.45

Real estate brokers................................................................................................................................ 48,460 41.58 86,490 29.81

Real estate sales agents........................................................................................................................ 175,920 29.56 61,480 23.24

59,550 57.03 118,630 49.86

115,130 14.74 30,670 13.90

243,600 18.61 38,720 14.22

Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers........................................... 7,860 16.81 34,970 14.13

Sales and related workers, all other........................................................................................................ 235,740 18.67 38,840 14.22

18,299,380 20.88 43,430 18.29

1,443,630 30.47 63,380 29.13

1,443,630 30.47 63,380 29.13

53,400 16.98 35,310 14.77

48,190 16.63 34,590 14.50

3,870 18.93 39,370 18.09

1,340 23.79 49,470 22.60

2,768,230 20.84 43,340 18.67

212,900 19.85 41,280 18.13

429,080 20.55 42,750 18.43

1,509,370 21.70 45,140 21.90

11,140 14.79 30,770 14.12

149,290 23.83 49,560 22.89

61,930 21.60 44,930 21.71

364,210 16.79 34,930 17.46

30,310 23.00 47,830 22.55

5,461,400 18.59 38,670 17.68

39,980 27.75 57,710 25.96

7,060 20.06 41,710 18.23

150,170 21.57 44,870 21.45

16,820 21.42 44,540 21.49

2,787,070 18.79 39,070 17.75

151,340 23.35 48,570 22.80

85,460 17.70 36,820 17.48

220,380 13.48 28,040 13.50

169,840 18.67 38,840 17.89

78,470 15.62 32,490 14.16

238,610 21.59 44,910 22.09

40,500 19.83 41,250 18.19

133,850 20.11 41,820 18.23

102,770 21.56 44,840 21.94

983,150 15.82 32,910 14.40

100,860 21.94 45,630 19.18

155,080 21.13 43,950 20.75

2,213,750 21.97 45,710 20.21

85,750 23.28 48,420 22.55

68,310 16.48 34,270 15.89

291,380 22.49 46,780 21.88

Public safety telecommunicators............................................................................................................ 97,050 22.61 47,030 22.44

Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance.................................................................................... 194,330 22.43 46,650 21.18

24,000 22.81 47,430 21.98

527,000 25.71 53,480 24.87

Postal service clerks.............................................................................................................................. 79,320 25.58 53,210 25.14

Postal service mail carriers.................................................................................................................... 335,540 26.14 54,370 25.21

Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators.......................................... 112,130 24.52 51,010 23.34

367,200 25.11 52,220 23.10

795,360 18.37 38,210 17.74

54,760 19.01 39,540 18.08

3,104,790 21.76 45,250 19.08

3,104,790 21.76 45,250 19.08

Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants............................................................... 466,910 32.15 66,870 29.84

Legal secretaries and administrative assistants..................................................................................... 155,250 25.26 52,540 22.94

Medical secretaries and administrative assistants.................................................................................. 656,640 19.11 39,740 18.01

Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive.................................... 1,825,980 19.75 41,080 18.21

3,254,180 18.98 39,480 17.88

189,100 18.07 37,590 17.72

Data entry keyers................................................................................................................................... 147,170 17.28 35,940 17.13

Word processors and typists.................................................................................................................. 41,930 20.85 43,370 21.17

7,600 24.49 50,930 22.55

218,300 22.02 45,790 21.89

69,400 16.54 34,390 15.65

2,578,180 18.75 38,990 17.81

32,920 17.84 37,110 17.61

5,340 22.12 46,010 21.12

See footnotes at end of table.

Couriers and messengers...........................................................................................................................

Dispatchers.................................................................................................................................................

Meter readers, utilities................................................................................................................................

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping..................................................................

Secretaries and administrative assistants........................................................................................................

Secretaries and administrative assistants...................................................................................................

Other office and administrative support workers..............................................................................................

Data entry and information processing workers...........................................................................................

Desktop publishers.....................................................................................................................................

Insurance claims and policy processing clerks............................................................................................

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks............................................................................................................

Interviewers, except eligibility and loan.......................................................................................................

Library assistants, clerical...........................................................................................................................

New accounts clerks...................................................................................................................................

Order clerks................................................................................................................................................

Information and record clerks, all other.......................................................................................................

Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers..............................................................

Information and record clerks...........................................................................................................................

Brokerage clerks.........................................................................................................................................

Correspondence clerks...............................................................................................................................

Billing and posting clerks.............................................................................................................................

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.............................................................................................

Procurement clerks.....................................................................................................................................

Tellers.........................................................................................................................................................

Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks.....................................................................................................

Customer service representatives...............................................................................................................

Court, municipal, and license clerks............................................................................................................

Switchboard operators, including answering service...................................................................................

Telephone operators...................................................................................................................................

Communications equipment operators, all other.........................................................................................

Financial clerks................................................................................................................................................

Bill and account collectors...........................................................................................................................

Gambling cage workers..............................................................................................................................

Payroll and timekeeping clerks....................................................................................................................

Financial clerks, all other.............................................................................................................................

Sales engineers..........................................................................................................................................

Telemarketers.............................................................................................................................................

Miscellaneous sales and related workers....................................................................................................

Office and administrative support occupations

Supervisors of office and administrative support workers.................................................................................

First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers..............................................................

Communications equipment operators.............................................................................................................

Production, planning, and expediting clerks................................................................................................

Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping.....................................................................

Receptionists and information clerks...........................................................................................................

Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks....................................................................

Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service....................................................................

Office clerks, general..................................................................................................................................

Office machine operators, except computer................................................................................................

Proofreaders and copy markers..................................................................................................................

Employment

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Mean wages Median 

hourly 

wages

Real estate brokers and sales agents.........................................................................................................

Sales and related occupations (Continued)

Occupation

Models, demonstrators, and product promoters..........................................................................................

Eligibility interviewers, government programs.............................................................................................

File clerks...................................................................................................................................................

Loan interviewers and clerks.......................................................................................................................

Cargo and freight agents............................................................................................................................

Postal service workers................................................................................................................................

Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks....................................................................................................
Hourly Annual1

6,190 $25.68 $53,420 $23.16

147,140 20.47 42,580 18.22

452,490 16.70 34,730 14.36

25,770 26.18 54,450 23.38

25,770 26.18 54,450 23.38

383,760 15.60 32,450 14.27

13,630 22.80 47,430 21.70

950 20.81 43,270 19.28

25,560 14.62 30,400 14.25

343,630 15.37 31,980 14.27

Agricultural equipment operators............................................................................................................ 26,180 17.44 36,280 17.48

Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse.................................................................... 277,200 15.11 31,440 14.25

Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals............................................................................. 34,140 15.46 32,150 14.25

Agricultural workers, all other................................................................................................................. 6,100 17.88 37,190 15.65

42,330 20.83 43,320 18.77

6,300 16.20 33,690 14.69

36,030 21.63 45,000 22.27

Fallers.................................................................................................................................................... 4,170 25.85 53,760 22.94

Logging equipment operators................................................................................................................ 25,510 21.14 43,960 22.31

Log graders and scalers......................................................................................................................... 3,260 19.96 41,520 18.18

Logging workers, all other...................................................................................................................... 3,080 21.84 45,430 22.16

Construction and extraction occupations 5,848,950 26.87 55,900 23.18

665,870 36.09 75,060 34.62

665,870 36.09 75,060 34.62

4,362,080 26.03 54,140 23.01

12,920 33.21 69,070 30.91

64,950 28.78 59,870 27.38

Brickmasons and blockmasons.............................................................................................................. 55,950 29.53 61,430 28.53

Stonemasons......................................................................................................................................... 9,000 24.12 50,170 22.89

668,060 26.53 55,190 23.20

83,600 24.95 51,890 22.74

Carpet installers..................................................................................................................................... 19,790 23.42 48,710 22.42

Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles.................................................................................... 18,300 25.90 53,880 23.11

Floor sanders and finishers.................................................................................................................... 4,340 21.34 44,380 18.82

Tile and stone setters............................................................................................................................. 41,160 25.64 53,330 22.99

189,240 24.52 51,000 22.77

Cement masons and concrete finishers................................................................................................. 186,600 24.47 50,900 22.76

Terrazzo workers and finishers.............................................................................................................. 2,640 28.07 58,380 23.40

968,760 21.22 44,130 18.16

452,780 26.87 55,890 23.22

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................................................................. 44,200 24.32 50,590 22.58

Pile driver operators............................................................................................................................... 3,760 36.51 75,950 36.66

Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators......................................................... 404,820 27.06 56,280 23.25

111,650 27.00 56,160 23.24

Drywall and ceiling tile installers............................................................................................................. 97,070 26.35 54,810 23.09

Tapers................................................................................................................................................... 14,580 31.32 65,140 29.37

650,580 30.44 63,310 28.87

52,700 24.98 51,950 22.68

58,370 24.18 50,300 22.48

Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall............................................................................................... 30,360 21.54 44,810 19.17

Insulation workers, mechanical.............................................................................................................. 28,010 27.05 56,260 23.20

216,560 22.69 47,180 21.94

Painters, construction and maintenance................................................................................................ 214,220 22.66 47,140 21.92

Paperhangers........................................................................................................................................ 2,340 24.79 51,560 22.89

450,940 29.93 62,250 28.51

Pipelayers.............................................................................................................................................. 33,330 23.32 48,510 22.11

Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters................................................................................................... 417,620 30.46 63,350 28.79

26,980 26.35 54,810 23.24

16,420 28.35 58,960 23.48

129,890 23.51 48,890 22.65

122,630 28.25 58,760 25.69

68,620 29.46 61,270 28.15

16,420 24.38 50,710 22.92

206,900 17.95 37,340 17.55

206,900 17.95 37,340 17.55

Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters.................................... 18,210 20.85 43,370 18.21

Helpers--carpenters............................................................................................................................... 27,540 17.95 37,340 17.64

Helpers--electricians.............................................................................................................................. 72,150 17.66 36,720 17.48

Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons.......................................................... 8,940 16.96 35,270 16.04

Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters................................................................... 45,930 17.47 36,350 17.18

Helpers--roofers..................................................................................................................................... 6,830 17.31 36,000 17.48

Helpers, construction trades, all other.................................................................................................... 27,300 18.08 37,610 17.64

430,760 26.28 54,670 23.04

117,830 32.93 68,480 29.63

See footnotes at end of table.

Plasterers and stucco masons....................................................................................................................

Roofers.......................................................................................................................................................

Sheet metal workers...................................................................................................................................

Solar photovoltaic installers.........................................................................................................................

Helpers, construction trades............................................................................................................................

Helpers, construction trades.......................................................................................................................

Other construction and related workers............................................................................................................

Construction and building inspectors...........................................................................................................

Supervisors of construction and extraction workers.........................................................................................

First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers............................................................

Construction trades workers............................................................................................................................

Boilermakers...............................................................................................................................................

Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons...........................................................................................

Construction laborers..................................................................................................................................

Electricians.................................................................................................................................................

Glaziers......................................................................................................................................................

Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters......................................................................................

Painters and paperhangers.........................................................................................................................

Carpenters..................................................................................................................................................

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers...............................................................................................

Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers.........................................................................

Construction equipment operators..............................................................................................................

Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers.......................................................................................

Insulation workers.......................................................................................................................................

Agricultural workers.........................................................................................................................................

Forest, conservation, and logging workers.......................................................................................................

Forest and conservation workers................................................................................................................

Office and administrative support workers, all other....................................................................................

Office and administrative support occupations (Continued)

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Animal breeders..........................................................................................................................................

Miscellaneous agricultural workers..............................................................................................................

Agricultural inspectors.................................................................................................................................

First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers....................................................................

Graders and sorters, agricultural products..................................................................................................

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

Supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.......................................................................................

Statistical assistants...................................................................................................................................

Mean wages

Occupation Employment

Median 

hourly 

wages

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers.............................................................................................................

Structural iron and steel workers.................................................................................................................

Logging workers.........................................................................................................................................
Hourly Annual1

22,510 $43.91 $91,320 $47.05

24,470 19.78 41,140 18.12

44,240 23.69 49,280 22.26

141,150 21.32 44,340 22.06

21,030 29.22 60,770 29.66

28,620 21.82 45,390 21.54

30,920 21.81 45,370 19.16

183,340 24.95 51,900 22.89

51,910 27.14 56,460 23.43

Derrick operators, oil and gas................................................................................................................ 7,880 25.07 52,140 22.71

Rotary drill operators, oil and gas........................................................................................................... 11,170 29.73 61,840 27.10

Service unit operators, oil and gas......................................................................................................... 32,870 26.76 55,660 23.28

51,520 24.52 51,000 22.78

Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining............................................... 35,720 23.97 49,850 22.47

Earth drillers, except oil and gas............................................................................................................ 15,800 25.77 53,600 23.20

5,370 27.44 57,070 25.50

24,200 27.85 57,920 28.77

Continuous mining machine operators................................................................................................... 14,740 27.61 57,430 28.99

Roof bolters, mining............................................................................................................................... 1,850 28.45 59,170 28.74

Loading and moving machine operators, underground mining............................................................... 4,450 27.56 57,330 27.84

Underground mining machine operators, all other.................................................................................. 3,150 28.99 60,290 29.45

4,450 20.02 41,630 18.12

34,520 21.51 44,730 18.71

5,980 19.65 40,860 18.15

5,380 24.50 50,960 23.15

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 5,574,410 25.66 53,380 23.05

526,240 35.38 73,590 34.26

526,240 35.38 73,590 34.26

499,670 27.53 57,260 26.84

86,420 21.24 44,170 19.70

186,530 29.09 60,510 29.02

Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers................................................................. 13,700 30.05 62,500 29.02

Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers....................................... 172,830 29.02 60,350 29.02

226,720 28.65 59,590 28.26

Avionics technicians.............................................................................................................................. 18,910 33.59 69,860 33.31

Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers.................................................................................... 15,880 23.43 48,740 22.55

Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment.......................................... 10,710 33.97 70,650 37.14

Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment.............................................. 50,780 30.88 64,230 29.68

Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay................................................. 22,490 42.13 87,640 44.91

Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles................................................................ 9,000 21.01 43,690 19.55

Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers...................................................................................... 21,540 22.18 46,120 21.54

Security and fire alarm systems installers............................................................................................... 77,420 25.08 52,170 23.23

1,570,020 24.23 50,400 22.79

125,440 33.40 69,470 31.43

783,310 23.22 48,310 22.55

Automotive body and related repairers................................................................................................... 137,300 24.36 50,660 22.73

Automotive glass installers and repairers............................................................................................... 16,230 19.56 40,690 18.23

Automotive service technicians and mechanics..................................................................................... 629,780 23.07 47,990 22.54

261,420 25.49 53,020 23.41

203,060 26.87 55,900 25.85

Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians............................................................................. 35,030 22.71 47,250 22.55

Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines............................................................................. 145,230 27.54 57,280 27.90

Rail car repairers................................................................................................................................... 22,800 29.04 60,400 28.97

72,800 20.53 42,690 18.78

Motorboat mechanics and service technicians....................................................................................... 23,080 22.43 46,660 22.46

Motorcycle mechanics............................................................................................................................ 15,020 20.18 41,970 18.35

Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics................................................................ 34,700 19.41 40,360 18.05

123,980 16.51 34,340 14.60

Bicycle repairers.................................................................................................................................... 14,760 16.52 34,360 16.68

Recreational vehicle service technicians................................................................................................ 16,030 21.60 44,930 20.94

Tire repairers and changers................................................................................................................... 93,180 15.63 32,520 14.22

2,978,490 24.39 50,730 22.71

68,170 28.78 59,860 25.95

Mechanical door repairers...................................................................................................................... 23,300 21.88 45,520 21.66

Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door........................................................ 44,870 32.36 67,310 30.18

356,960 26.29 54,690 23.38

28,120 21.80 45,340 21.31

470,650 28.05 58,350 28.55

Industrial machinery mechanics............................................................................................................. 373,090 28.26 58,780 28.77

Maintenance workers, machinery........................................................................................................... 57,660 25.75 53,570 23.51

Millwrights.............................................................................................................................................. 39,240 29.45 61,260 29.00

Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons............................................................................... 660 26.33 54,760 26.08

225,460 34.37 71,500 35.83

Electrical power-line installers and repairers........................................................................................... 123,940 38.01 79,060 37.65

Telecommunications line installers and repairers................................................................................... 101,530 29.93 62,250 28.94

See footnotes at end of table.

Roustabouts, oil and gas.............................................................................................................................

Helpers--extraction workers........................................................................................................................

Extraction workers, all other........................................................................................................................

Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers...........................................................................

First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers.......................................................................

Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers..........................................................

Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers.............................................................

Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers..............................

Fence erectors............................................................................................................................................

Highway maintenance workers....................................................................................................................

Miscellaneous construction and related workers.........................................................................................

Extraction workers...........................................................................................................................................

Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas.........................................................................

Rock splitters, quarry..................................................................................................................................

Underground mining machine operators.....................................................................................................

Elevator and escalator installers and repairers............................................................................................

Occupation

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists..............................................................................

Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers..........................................................................

Aircraft mechanics and service technicians.................................................................................................

Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................................................................

Automotive technicians and repairers.........................................................................................................

Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics...................................................

Small engine mechanics.............................................................................................................................

Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................

Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations..................................................................................

Control and valve installers and repairers...................................................................................................

Construction and extraction occupations (Continued)

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Home appliance repairers...........................................................................................................................

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers..........................................................

Line installers and repairers........................................................................................................................

Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers.............................................................

Employment

Mean wages Median 

hourly 

wages

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners............................................................................................

Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters.....................................................................

Hazardous materials removal workers........................................................................................................

Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators.............................................................................

Surface mining machine operators and earth drillers...................................................................................
Hourly Annual1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations (Continued)

74,530 $26.38 $54,870 $23.38

Camera and photographic equipment repairers..................................................................................... 2,340 21.28 44,260 18.36

Medical equipment repairers.................................................................................................................. 53,400 27.13 56,420 24.00

Musical instrument repairers and tuners................................................................................................ 5,710 19.11 39,740 17.87

Watch and clock repairers..................................................................................................................... 1,970 21.86 45,460 21.27

Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other......................................................................... 11,110 28.40 59,070 27.73

1,416,740 21.60 44,920 20.76

10,100 28.16 58,580 27.05

327,750 21.01 43,710 18.28

Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers.......................................................... 27,540 20.20 42,010 18.77

Commercial divers................................................................................................................................. 2,670 39.43 82,010 29.02

Locksmiths and safe repairers............................................................................................................... 15,380 22.98 47,810 22.55

Manufactured building and mobile home installers................................................................................. 3,530 17.23 35,830 17.48

Riggers.................................................................................................................................................. 17,980 25.05 52,100 23.14

Signal and track switch repairers........................................................................................................... 8,090 35.68 74,220 38.73

Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers.......................................................................... 88,480 16.87 35,090 15.91

Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other.......................................................................... 164,070 21.82 45,380 20.46

8,408,030 20.71 43,070 18.13

629,420 32.37 67,330 29.71

629,420 32.37 67,330 29.71

1,769,890 18.75 39,000 17.87

33,320 26.63 55,380 23.79

283,010 19.11 39,740 18.01

Coil winders, tapers, and finishers......................................................................................................... 11,090 20.41 42,460 18.44

Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders, tapers,

 and finishers................................................................................................................................... 271,920 19.05 39,630 18.01

45,990 23.13 48,110 22.81

61,070 21.99 45,730 21.87

17,380 19.40 40,360 18.10

560 21.48 44,670 18.16

1,328,550 18.17 37,780 17.59

795,640 16.27 33,830 14.66

181,800 15.53 32,300 14.31

364,480 16.04 33,360 14.56

Butchers and meat cutters..................................................................................................................... 145,930 17.15 35,670 17.33

Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers.......................................................................................... 132,100 15.23 31,680 14.29

Slaughterers and meat packers............................................................................................................. 86,450 15.39 32,010 14.38

249,360 17.13 35,630 17.03

Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders.................................... 21,050 17.44 36,280 17.06

Food batchmakers................................................................................................................................. 155,240 17.40 36,190 17.20

Food cooking machine operators and tenders........................................................................................ 26,710 17.03 35,430 17.26

Food processing workers, all other......................................................................................................... 46,360 16.16 33,600 15.33

1,633,980 21.56 44,840 20.65

102,640 20.53 42,710 18.55

Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................................ 59,490 19.48 40,520 18.15

Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................... 11,500 21.35 44,410 21.40

Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........................................................ 31,650 22.22 46,210 22.22

288,810 19.59 40,740 18.13

Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic...................... 179,630 19.23 40,000 18.09

Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................................ 6,810 20.79 43,240 18.55

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, 

 metal and plastic............................................................................................................................. 67,750 19.25 40,030 18.05

Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................................. 19,690 21.28 44,270 21.27

Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic...................................... 14,920 22.64 47,100 22.53

333,220 23.57 49,020 22.95

22,110 22.11 45,990 22.42

Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders......................................................................................... 15,540 22.33 46,440 22.45

Pourers and casters, metal.................................................................................................................... 6,570 21.59 44,910 22.04

5,780 26.80 55,740 23.79

Model makers, metal and plastic............................................................................................................ 3,690 28.40 59,080 26.75

Patternmakers, metal and plastic........................................................................................................... 2,090 23.96 49,840 23.12

176,820 18.13 37,720 17.59

Foundry mold and coremakers............................................................................................................... 13,610 19.22 39,980 18.13

Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 163,210 18.04 37,530 17.48

134,880 19.63 40,830 18.09

63,630 26.99 56,150 27.41

427,580 23.04 47,910 22.55

Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers................................................................................................ 397,600 23.21 48,290 22.60

Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders.............................................. 29,980 20.65 42,950 18.55

78,530 19.68 40,940 18.09

Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............................................ 14,540 19.98 41,560 18.49

Layout workers, metal and plastic.......................................................................................................... 6,840 25.16 52,340 24.85

Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........................................................ 32,310 18.55 38,580 17.89

Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners...................................................................................................... 6,100 20.99 43,660 18.48

Metal workers and plastic workers, all other........................................................................................... 18,740 18.98 39,480 17.78

See footnotes at end of table.

Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.......................................

Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.....................................................

Tool and die makers...................................................................................................................................

Miscellaneous metal workers and plastic workers.......................................................................................

Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators..................................................................................................

Food processing workers.................................................................................................................................

Bakers........................................................................................................................................................

Metal workers and plastic workers...................................................................................................................

Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic...........................................................

Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.......................................................

Machinists..................................................................................................................................................

Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters..............................................................................

Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic...................................................................................

First-line supervisors of production and operating workers..........................................................................

Engine and other machine assemblers.......................................................................................................

Timing device assemblers and adjusters....................................................................................................

Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers...................................................................

Miscellaneous food processing workers......................................................................................................

Maintenance and repair workers, general...................................................................................................

Wind turbine service technicians................................................................................................................

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Occupation

Mean wages

Employment

Median 

hourly 

wages

Welding, soldering, and brazing workers.....................................................................................................

Precision instrument and equipment repairers............................................................................................

Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers.......................................................................

Production occupations

Supervisors of production workers...................................................................................................................

Assemblers and fabricators..............................................................................................................................

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers.....................................................................

Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers...........................................................................

Structural metal fabricators and fitters.........................................................................................................

Fiberglass laminators and fabricators..........................................................................................................
Hourly Annual1

Production occupations (Continued)

211,930 $19.55 $40,660 $18.13

211,930 19.55 40,660 18.13

Prepress technicians and workers.......................................................................................................... 25,840 21.06 43,800 20.49

Printing press operators......................................................................................................................... 145,290 19.77 41,120 18.16

Print binding and finishing workers......................................................................................................... 40,810 17.82 37,060 17.59

445,950 15.00 31,210 14.14

157,400 13.38 27,830 13.63

26,910 13.52 28,110 13.79

116,220 14.85 30,880 14.27

9,240 15.84 32,950 14.31

Shoe and leather workers and repairers................................................................................................. 5,620 16.77 34,890 15.12

Shoe machine operators and tenders.................................................................................................... 3,610 14.38 29,920 13.73

21,450 16.65 34,630 14.99

Sewers, hand......................................................................................................................................... 4,170 15.07 31,350 14.39

Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers............................................................................................. 17,270 17.03 35,430 15.11

56,700 15.92 33,110 14.45

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders................................................................ 6,240 15.36 31,940 14.39

Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders......................................................................... 11,970 15.91 33,100 14.41

Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders.................................................... 16,330 16.17 33,640 16.34

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders............................... 22,160 15.89 33,050 14.44

58,030 18.77 39,050 17.80

Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers................... 14,040 19.52 40,600 18.05

Fabric and apparel patternmakers.......................................................................................................... 3,220 30.81 64,070 28.20

Upholsterers.......................................................................................................................................... 28,020 18.38 38,220 17.99

Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other................................................................................. 12,750 15.79 32,840 14.31

230,400 18.04 37,520 17.64

93,070 19.27 40,070 18.05

16,300 17.94 37,310 17.59

550 27.19 56,560 27.60

Model makers, wood.............................................................................................................................. 340 28.87 60,040 29.22

Patternmakers, wood............................................................................................................................. 210 24.53 51,020 22.56

112,560 17.04 35,450 17.23

Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood......................................................................... 45,350 16.96 35,280 16.99

Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing.................................................. 67,210 17.10 35,560 17.35

7,910 17.35 36,080 17.12

280,900 31.83 66,210 29.49

43,440 42.99 89,410 45.57

Nuclear power reactor operators............................................................................................................ 4,820 53.47 111,220 50.13

Power distributors and dispatchers........................................................................................................ 9,660 45.92 95,520 47.37

Power plant operators............................................................................................................................ 28,960 40.26 83,740 38.87

29,820 33.90 70,510 30.53

121,150 25.15 52,320 23.02

86,500 34.88 72,540 36.86

Chemical plant and system operators.................................................................................................... 21,740 33.18 69,020 33.75

Gas plant operators............................................................................................................................... 15,110 37.01 76,970 37.43

Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers...................................................... 34,230 38.70 80,500 38.24

Plant and system operators, all other..................................................................................................... 15,420 26.67 55,480 24.16

2,409,900 20.11 41,820 18.13

154,790 24.40 50,760 22.88

Chemical equipment operators and tenders........................................................................................... 106,170 25.22 52,450 23.12

Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders.............. 48,620 22.62 47,060 22.13

155,920 20.14 41,900 18.35

Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders............................................ 31,800 20.57 42,790 18.63

Grinding and polishing workers, hand.................................................................................................... 15,680 17.30 35,990 17.15

Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders................................................................ 108,440 20.43 42,490 18.47

63,850 18.90 39,300 18.10

Cutters and trimmers, hand................................................................................................................... 7,920 16.51 34,330 14.54

Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders.................................................................. 55,930 19.23 40,010 18.18

56,570 19.25 40,050 18.10

14,180 21.11 43,910 21.01

551,380 21.54 44,810 18.55

24,350 22.64 47,090 22.42

68,380 21.52 44,770 18.79

Dental laboratory technicians................................................................................................................. 34,150 22.75 47,320 22.00

Medical appliance technicians................................................................................................................ 15,300 22.27 46,320 21.77

Ophthalmic laboratory technicians......................................................................................................... 18,930 18.71 38,910 17.92

358,640 17.67 36,750 17.29

157,250 20.90 43,480 18.59

Painting, coating, and decorating workers.............................................................................................. 11,850 18.39 38,250 17.95

Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders............................................... 145,410 21.11 43,900 18.81

24,020 22.07 45,910 19.17

5,740 19.37 40,300 17.59

183,630 23.32 48,500 22.78

Computer numerically controlled tool operators...................................................................................... 157,840 22.23 46,240 22.42

Computer numerically controlled tool programmers................................................................................ 25,800 29.98 62,360 29.22

591,200 17.75 36,920 17.23

Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders................................................................................. 12,510 18.55 38,580 18.09

See footnotes at end of table.

Sewing machine operators..........................................................................................................................

Semiconductor processing technicians.......................................................................................................

Photographic process workers and processing machine operators.............................................................

Computer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers..............................................................

Miscellaneous production workers..............................................................................................................

Miscellaneous plant and system operators..................................................................................................

Other production occupations..........................................................................................................................

Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers.......................................................................

Cutting workers...........................................................................................................................................

Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders.............................

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders........................................................................

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers...................................................................................

Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers.........................................................................................

Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians.......................................

Painting workers.........................................................................................................................................

Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders...................................................................

Shoe and leather workers...........................................................................................................................

Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers...............................................................................................................

Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers..............................................................................

Woodworkers..................................................................................................................................................

Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders...............................................................................

Plant and system operators.............................................................................................................................

Stationary engineers and boiler operators...................................................................................................

Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators.....................................................................

Furniture finishers.......................................................................................................................................

Model makers and patternmakers, wood.....................................................................................................

Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers...................................................................................

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters.........................................................................................................

Woodworkers, all other...............................................................................................................................

Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders..........................................................................................

Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.................................................................................

Printing workers...............................................................................................................................................

Printing workers..........................................................................................................................................

Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers.........................................................................................................

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers...............................................................................................................

Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials.........................................................................................

Mean wages

Employment

Median 

hourly 

wages

Occupation

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued
Hourly Annual1

Production occupations (Continued)

Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders............................................... 13,580 $17.22 $35,820 $16.87

Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders......................................................................... 7,500 20.63 42,910 19.42

Etchers and engravers........................................................................................................................... 7,110 17.77 36,970 17.59

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic........................................................................ 38,420 18.76 39,020 18.03

Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders........................................................................... 87,480 21.24 44,180 21.55

Tire builders........................................................................................................................................... 17,240 23.00 47,840 23.05

Helpers--production workers.................................................................................................................. 202,860 15.82 32,910 14.42

Production workers, all other.................................................................................................................. 204,500 17.42 36,230 15.83

12,639,920 19.88 41,340 17.72

557,850 28.19 58,630 26.36

557,850 28.19 58,630 26.36

Aircraft cargo handling supervisors........................................................................................................ 8,590 29.84 62,080 25.74

First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except aircraft cargo

 handling supervisors........................................................................................................................ 549,260 28.16 58,580 26.37

254,820 (2) 119,590 (2)

124,080 (2) 169,540 (2)

Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers............................................................................................. 81,310 (2) 198,190 (2)

Commercial pilots.................................................................................................................................. 42,770 (2) 115,080 (2)

33,830 48.32 100,510 43.56

Air traffic controllers............................................................................................................................... 21,230 61.50 127,920 62.38

Airfield operations specialists................................................................................................................. 12,610 26.13 54,360 23.02

96,900 (2) 62,280 (2)

4,147,650 21.31 44,330 20.52

11,710 14.93 31,060 14.00

3,390,490 21.85 45,460 21.91

Driver/sales workers.............................................................................................................................. 477,020 15.37 31,970 14.08

Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers.................................................................................................... 1,903,420 24.20 50,340 23.23

Light truck drivers.................................................................................................................................. 1,010,040 20.50 42,630 18.40

696,760 19.06 39,640 18.05

Bus drivers, school................................................................................................................................ 361,420 18.63 38,750 18.23

Bus drivers, transit and intercity............................................................................................................. 145,720 24.67 51,310 23.37

Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs............................................................................................................... 175,660 15.66 32,570 14.42

Taxi drivers............................................................................................................................................ 13,950 14.45 30,050 14.09

48,690 17.51 36,410 14.71

119,120 32.85 68,330 30.85

43,440 34.33 71,410 37.83

Locomotive engineers............................................................................................................................ 38,980 35.07 72,940 38.34

Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers............................................................................... 4,460 27.92 58,070 29.37

16,200 30.31 63,050 30.69

48,030 32.21 66,990 30.75

10,310 34.38 71,520 39.03

1,140 26.03 54,140 22.88

70,480 38.84 80,780 30.17

26,610 27.79 57,800 22.46

36,220 45.31 94,250 38.47

Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels.......................................................................................... 33,490 47.27 98,330 39.25

Motorboat operators.............................................................................................................................. 2,740 21.35 44,410 18.59

7,650 46.59 96,910 39.62

286,680 17.26 35,900 14.39

4,040 21.52 44,760 21.82

91,160 14.04 29,210 14.06

123,660 14.81 30,810 14.22

Automotive and watercraft service attendants........................................................................................ 111,480 14.40 29,960 14.10

Aircraft service attendants..................................................................................................................... 12,170 18.58 38,640 17.50

7,770 25.58 53,210 23.37

25,070 37.32 77,620 38.35

21,240 16.53 34,380 14.65

13,750 19.23 39,990 17.73

7,203,320 16.78 34,900 14.91

28,650 17.80 37,010 17.51

43,400 31.38 65,270 29.92

1,650 24.29 50,530 22.22

2,610 28.10 58,450 25.14

758,290 19.69 40,950 18.45

6,178,560 16.14 33,570 14.58

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment...................................................................................................... 351,960 14.69 30,550 14.08

Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand......................................................................... 2,729,010 16.80 34,950 15.02

Machine feeders and offbearers............................................................................................................. 60,880 17.63 36,660 17.79

Packers and packagers, hand................................................................................................................ 585,270 14.88 30,950 14.39

Stockers and order fillers....................................................................................................................... 2,451,430 15.87 33,020 14.48

29,550 30.09 62,590 29.85

Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators............................................................................. 2,910 32.27 67,130 34.00

Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers............................................................................................ 10,600 26.15 54,400 23.84

Wellhead pumpers................................................................................................................................. 16,040 32.29 67,170 30.64

See footnotes at end of table.

Transportation and material moving occupations

Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.............................................................................

First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers..........................................................

Air transportation workers................................................................................................................................

Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists...............................................................................

Flight attendants.........................................................................................................................................

Motor vehicle operators...................................................................................................................................

Aircraft pilots and flight engineers...............................................................................................................

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Occupation Employment

Mean wages Median 

hourly 

wages

Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians................................................

Driver/sales workers and truck drivers........................................................................................................

Passenger vehicle drivers...........................................................................................................................

Motor vehicle operators, all other................................................................................................................

Rail transportation workers..............................................................................................................................

Locomotive engineers and operators..........................................................................................................

Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators and locomotive firers..............................................................

Railroad conductors and yardmasters.........................................................................................................

Subway and streetcar operators.................................................................................................................

Rail transportation workers, all other...........................................................................................................

Water transportation workers...........................................................................................................................

Sailors and marine oilers.............................................................................................................................

Ship and boat captains and operators.........................................................................................................

Ship engineers............................................................................................................................................

Other transportation workers...........................................................................................................................

Bridge and lock tenders..............................................................................................................................

Parking attendants......................................................................................................................................

Hoist and winch operators...........................................................................................................................

Industrial truck and tractor operators...........................................................................................................

Laborers and material movers....................................................................................................................

Pumping station operators..........................................................................................................................

Transportation service attendants...............................................................................................................

Traffic technicians.......................................................................................................................................

Transportation inspectors...........................................................................................................................

Passenger attendants.................................................................................................................................

Transportation workers, all other.................................................................................................................

Material moving workers..................................................................................................................................

Conveyor operators and tenders.................................................................................................................

Crane and tower operators.........................................................................................................................

Dredge operators........................................................................................................................................
Hourly Annual1

Transportation and material moving occupations (Continued)

126,050 $20.57 $42,780 $18.51

12,090 26.60 55,330 23.75

22,470 19.32 40,190 17.38

3

 Represents a wage equal to or greater than $100.00 per hour.

4

 Estimate not released.

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021—Continued

Occupation Employment

Mean wages Median 

hourly 

wages

1

 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations 

where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.

2

 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual salaries, depending on 

how they are typically paid.

Refuse and recyclable material collectors....................................................................................................

Tank car, truck, and ship loaders................................................................................................................

Material moving workers, all other...............................................................................................................