For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, June 18, 2019 USDL-19-1002 

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION – MARCH 2019 

Employer costs for employee compensation for civilian workers averaged $36.77 per hour worked in March

2019, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries cost employers $25.22 while 

benefit costs were $11.55. Total compensation costs for civilian workers were $12.71 at the 10th wage 

percentile, $27.87 at the 50th (median) wage percentile, and $72.62 at the 90th wage percentile. (See charts 1 

and 2, and tables A and 1.) 

State and local government worker compensation costs for employers averaged $50.89 per hour worked in 

March 2019. Wages and salaries averaged $31.75 and accounted for 62.4 percent of employer costs, while 

benefit costs averaged $19.14 and accounted for 37.6 percent. Total compensation costs at the 50th (median) 

wage percentile were $47.99. (See charts 1 and 2, and tables A and 1.) 

Total employer compensation costs for private industry workers averaged $34.49 per hour worked ($25.21 

at the 50th or median wage percentile). Wages and salaries averaged $24.17 per hour worked and accounted 

for 70.1 percent of employer costs. Benefit costs averaged $10.33 per hour worked and accounted for the 

remaining 29.9 percent. Median employer costs per employee hour worked were $17.64 for wages and 

salaries and $7.57 for benefits. (See charts 1 and 2, and table 1.) 

Total compensation costs for private industry workers ranged from $12.37 at the 10th wage percentile to 

$68.60 at the 90th wage percentile. Wages and salaries were $10.06 at the 10th wage percentile and $46.64 at 

the 90th wage percentile. Total benefits ranged from $2.31 at the 10th wage percentile to $21.96 at the 90th

wage percentile. (See chart 2 and table A.) 

Chart 2. Employer total compensation costs per employee 

hour worked by wage percentile, March 2019

Chart 1. Employer costs per employee hour worked, 

March 2019

News Release Tables and Wage Percentiles

Changes in the content and format of news release tables were made to highlight data characteristics and 

incorporate compensation costs by wage percentile. Details can be found at www.bls.gov/ect/updatedecec-tables-crosswalk-march-2019.htm. For more information on average compensation costs within 

specified wage percentiles, see www.bls.gov/ect/compensation-percentile-estimates.htm.
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Table A. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation by wage percentile, March 2019

Compensation

component

Civilian workers[1] Private industry workers State and local government workers

10th wage 

percentile

50th 

(median)

wage 

percentile

90th wage 

percentile

10th wage 

percentile

50th 

(median)

wage 

percentile

90th wage 

percentile

10th wage 

percentile

50th 

(median)

wage 

percentile

90th wage 

percentile

Total compensation[2] $12.71 $27.87 $72.62 $12.37 $25.21 $68.60 $21.49 $47.99 $85.41

Wages and salaries 10.28 18.73 48.42 10.06 17.64 46.64 13.32 28.42 54.84

Total benefits 2.43 9.14 24.20 2.31 7.57 21.96 8.17 19.57 30.57

Paid leave 0.30 1.76 5.88 0.28 1.44 5.72 1.31 4.27 5.75

Supplemental pay 0.17 0.84 1.95 0.17 0.81 2.34 0.17 0.68 0.76

Insurance 0.59 3.18 6.14 0.55 2.56 5.22 3.62 6.23 8.42

Health insurance 0.57 3.06 5.80 0.54 2.45 4.85 3.57 6.07 8.20

Retirement and savings 0.11 1.11 5.49 0.06 0.60 3.81 1.56 5.55 11.36

Legally required benefits 1.27 2.27 4.75 1.25 2.16 4.87 1.52 2.85 4.28

[1] Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the private sector, except the federal government. 

[2] Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.

Private industry employer costs for paid leave averaged $2.48 per hour worked or 7.2 percent of total 

compensation; supplemental pay averaged $1.10 or 3.2 percent, insurance benefits averaged $2.75 or 8.0 

percent, retirement and savings averaged $1.33 or 3.9 percent, and legally required benefits averaged 

$2.66 per hour worked or 7.7 percent. (See table 1.)

The average cost for private industry health insurance benefits was $2.60 per hour worked (7.5 percent of 

total compensation) in March 2019. Health insurance costs were 54 cents at the 10th wage percentile, $2.45 

at the 50th (median) wage percentile, and $4.85 at the 90th wage percentile. (See chart 3 and tables A and 1.) 

Metropolitan area private industry compensation costs are published each March reference period for the 

15 largest Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSA) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA). Total 

compensation costs in March 2019 for private industry workers ranged from $28.48 per hour worked in 

the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA to $53.65 per hour worked in the San Jose-San 

Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA. As a percent of total compensation, wages and salaries accounted for 71.3

percent ($20.31) in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA and 69.8 percent ($37.46) in the San 

Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA. (See chart 4 and table 8.) 

Chart 4. Employer costs per employee hour worked by 

area, private industry, March 2019 

Chart 3. Employer health insurance costs per employee 

hour worked, private industry, March 2019

Area Definitions

Metropolitan area definitions have been updated based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 

No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. For more information see www.census.gov/programssurveys/metro-micro.html.
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TECHNICAL NOTE 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), a product of the National Compensation Survey, 

provides the average cost to employers for wages and salaries as well as benefits per employee hour worked. 

The ECEC covers the civilian economy, which includes data from both private industry and state and local 

government. Excluded from private industry are the self-employed, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers. Federal government workers are excluded from the public sector. 

All workers are included in the benefit cost estimates including those that do not have plan access or do not 

participate. Costs are also affected by other factors such as cost sharing between employers and employees, 

plan features, and plan generosity. For the latest information on the percentage of workers with access to 

and participating in employer-sponsored benefit plans, including health care and retirement and savings 

plans, see www.bls.gov/ebs.

The“National Compensation Measures,” of the BLS Handbook of Methods, 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm, provides additional details on the sample design, calculation 

methodology, and resources explaining changes over time. 

Metropolitan area estimates, including historical data, are available in the ECEC database query tool at 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm. 

Sample size 

Data for the March 2019 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 

26,500 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,500 private industry establishments and 

approximately 7,900 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local 

government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. 

Measures of reliability 

Relative standard errors are available at www.bls.gov/web/ecec.supp.toc.htm and database query tools at 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm. 

Comparing estimates across economic sectors 

Compensation cost levels in state and local government should not be directly compared with levels in 

private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities 

and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private 

industry work activities but are rare in state and local government. Professional and administrative 

support occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government 

workforce, compared with one-half of private industry. 

Quarterly publication focus 

This quarter’s release focuses on compensation costs in metropolitan areas and health insurance benefit 

costs in private industry. Topics of news releases for the upcoming reference periods are as follows: 

 June 2019—retirement and savings benefit costs in private industry

 September 2019—compensation costs in state and local government

 December 2019—supplemental pay costs in private industry

For 2019 ECEC release dates, see www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. 
Table 1. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation by ownership

[Mar. 2019]

Compensation component

Civilian workers

1 Private industry

workers

Cost ($) Percent of compensation Cost ($) Percent of compensation 

Total compensation

2............................................... 36.77 100.0 34.49 100.0 

Wages and salaries............................................. 25.22 68.6 24.17 70.1 Total benefits..................................................... 11.55 31.4 10.33 29.9 

Paid leave...................................................... 2.66 7.2 2.48 7.2 

Vacation..................................................... 1.30 3.5 1.28 3.7 

Holiday....................................................... 0.79 2.1 0.74 2.1 

Sick........................................................... 0.42 1.1 0.32 0.9 

Personal..................................................... 0.16 0.4 0.14 0.4 

Supplemental pay............................................. 1.02 2.8 1.10 3.2 

Overtime and premium3................................... 0.28 0.8 0.30 0.9 

Shift differentials............................................ 0.07 0.2 0.08 0.2 

Nonproduction bonuses.................................... 0.66 1.8 0.73 2.1 

Insurance....................................................... 3.21 8.7 2.75 8.0 

Life............................................................ 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 

Health........................................................ 3.06 8.3 2.60 7.5 Short-term disability........................................ 0.06 0.2 0.07 0.2 

Long-term disability......................................... 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 

Retirement and savings...................................... 1.98 5.4 1.33 3.9 

Defined benefit.............................................. 1.24 3.4 0.54 1.6 Defined contribution........................................ 0.74 2.0 0.79 2.3 

Legally Required benefits.................................... 2.68 7.3 2.66 7.7 

Social Security and Medicare............................. 2.06 5.6 2.04 5.9 

Social Security

4.......................................... 1.64 4.5 1.64 4.7 

Medicare.................................................. 0.42 1.1 0.40 1.2 

Federal unemployment insurance........................ 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1 

State unemployment insurance........................... 0.13 0.4 0.14 0.4 

Workers’ compensation.................................... 0.46 1.3 0.45 1.3 

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.2 Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.3 Includes premium pay for work (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) in addition to the regular work schedule.4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.6 Less than .05 percent.

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Table 2. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for civilian workers by occupational and industry group

[Mar. 2019]

Series

Total

compensation1

Wages and

salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance 

Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent 

Civilian workers2............................ 36.77 100.0 25.22 68.6 11.55 31.4 2.66 7.2 1.02 2.8 3.21 8.7 

Occupational group

Management, professional, and

related................................... 60.30 100.0 41.21 68.3 19.09 31.7 5.09 8.4 1.63 2.7 4.87 8.1 Management, business and

financial............................... 67.17 100.0 45.92 68.4 21.24 31.6 6.28 9.4 2.52 3.7 4.69 7.0 

Professional and related.............. 57.27 100.0 39.14 68.3 18.13 31.7 4.56 8.0 1.25 2.2 4.95 8.6 

Teachers3............................ 62.85 100.0 42.83 68.1 20.02 31.9 3.28 5.2 0.24 0.4 6.35 10.1 

Primary, secondary, and

special education schoolteachers......................... 62.59 100.0 41.61 66.5 20.98 33.5 2.97 4.7 0.22 0.3 6.92 11.1 

Registered nurses................... 56.36 100.0 36.93 65.5 19.42 34.5 5.32 9.4 2.06 3.6 5.27 9.4 

Sales and office........................... 26.92 100.0 18.87 70.1 8.05 29.9 1.82 6.8 0.65 2.4 2.57 9.5 

Sales and related...................... 25.23 100.0 19.03 75.4 6.20 24.6 1.47 5.8 0.61 2.4 1.54 6.1 Office and administrative support. . .. 27.94 100.0 18.78 67.2 9.16 32.8 2.04 7.3 0.68 2.4 3.18 11.4 

Service..................................... 19.56 100.0 13.94 71.2 5.62 28.8 1.03 5.3 0.40 2.1 1.65 8.4 Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance............................ 36.24 100.0 24.24 66.9 12.00 33.1 1.95 5.4 1.18 3.3 3.30 9.1 Construction, extraction, farming,

fishing, and forestry................. 37.08 100.0 24.57 66.3 12.50 33.7 1.56 4.2 1.20 3.2 3.34 9.0 

Installation, maintenance, and

repair.................................. 35.36 100.0 23.89 67.6 11.47 32.4 2.35 6.6 1.16 3.3 3.26 9.2 

Production, transportation, and

material moving........................ 29.29 100.0 19.24 65.7 10.05 34.3 1.77 6.0 1.17 4.0 3.08 10.5 Production.............................. 28.09 100.0 18.55 66.0 9.54 34.0 1.73 6.2 1.36 4.8 3.05 10.9 Transportation and material

moving................................ 30.40 100.0 19.87 65.4 10.53 34.6 1.80 5.9 1.00 3.3 3.11 10.2 

Industry group

Education and health services.......... 42.69 100.0 28.96 67.8 13.73 32.2 3.22 7.5 0.63 1.5 4.25 9.9 

Educational services.................. 52.72 100.0 34.96 66.3 17.76 33.7 3.42 6.5 0.25 0.5 5.78 11.0 

Elementary and secondary

schools............................. 51.64 100.0 33.82 65.5 17.82 34.5 2.79 5.4 0.20 0.4 6.02 11.7 

Junior colleges, colleges, and

universities........................ 58.88 100.0 39.24 66.6 19.65 33.4 5.15 8.8 0.37 0.6 5.97 10.1 

Health care and social assistance. .. 36.47 100.0 25.24 69.2 11.23 30.8 3.09 8.5 0.87 2.4 3.30 9.0 

Hospitals............................. 49.77 100.0 32.13 64.6 17.64 35.4 4.79 9.6 1.75 3.5 5.24 10.5 

1 Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.3 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors. - 5 -
Table 3. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for state and local government workers by occupational and indu

[Mar. 2019]

Series

Total

compensation

1

Wages and

salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance 

Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent 

State and local government workers. . . .. 50.89 100.0 31.75 62.4 19.14 37.6 3.80 7.5 0.50 1.0 6.05 11.9 

Occupational group

Management, professional, and

related................................... 60.98 100.0 39.35 64.5 21.63 35.5 4.27 7.0 0.40 0.7 6.62 10.9 Professional and related.............. 59.23 100.0 38.50 65.0 20.73 35.0 3.80 6.4 0.37 0.6 6.60 11.1 

Teachers

2............................ 66.93 100.0 44.66 66.7 22.27 33.3 3.36 5.0 0.25 0.4 7.19 10.7 

Primary, secondary, and

special education schoolteachers......................... 66.72 100.0 43.89 65.8 22.82 34.2 3.07 4.6 0.23 0.3 7.59 11.4 

Sales and office........................... 35.10 100.0 20.29 57.8 14.81 42.2 3.07 8.7 0.31 0.9 5.63 16.1 

Office and administrative support. . .. 35.25 100.0 20.34 57.7 14.92 42.3 3.08 8.7 0.31 0.9 5.70 16.2 

Service..................................... 37.26 100.0 21.43 57.5 15.83 42.5 3.15 8.4 0.79 2.1 4.78 12.8 

Industry group

Education and health services.......... 53.12 100.0 34.29 64.6 18.83 35.4 3.49 6.6 0.34 0.6 6.22 11.7 

Educational services.................. 54.45 100.0 35.37 65.0 19.08 35.0 3.36 6.2 0.25 0.5 6.34 11.6 

Elementary and secondary

schools............................. 52.88 100.0 34.34 64.9 18.54 35.1 2.77 5.2 0.22 0.4 6.32 12.0 

Junior colleges, colleges, and

universities........................ 58.86 100.0 38.31 65.1 20.55 34.9 5.10 8.7 0.35 0.6 6.29 10.7 

Health care and social assistance. .. 44.98 100.0 27.68 61.5 17.30 38.5 4.31 9.6 0.88 2.0 5.52 12.3 

Hospitals............................. 47.65 100.0 29.88 62.7 17.77 37.3 4.57 9.6 1.06 2.2 5.49 11.5 

Public administration..................... 49.00 100.0 28.44 58.0 20.56 42.0 4.55 9.3 0.77 1.6 5.95 12.1 

1 Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.2 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

- 6 -
Table 4. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by occupational and industry group

[Mar. 2019]

Series

Total

compensation

1

Wages and

salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance 

Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent 

Private industry workers.................... 34.49 100.0 24.17 70.1 10.33 29.9 2.48 7.2 1.10 3.2 2.75 8.0 

Occupational group

Management, professional, and

related................................... 60.06 100.0 41.85 69.7 18.21 30.3 5.37 8.9 2.06 3.4 4.27 7.1 Management, business, and

financial............................... 66.61 100.0 46.15 69.3 20.46 30.7 6.18 9.3 2.78 4.2 4.41 6.6 

Professional and related.............. 56.37 100.0 39.43 69.9 16.95 30.1 4.91 8.7 1.65 2.9 4.19 7.4 

Sales and office........................... 26.18 100.0 18.74 71.6 7.44 28.4 1.71 6.5 0.69 2.6 2.29 8.7 

Sales and related...................... 25.19 100.0 19.03 75.5 6.16 24.5 1.46 5.8 0.62 2.4 1.53 6.1 Office and administrative support. . .. 26.86 100.0 18.55 69.1 8.31 30.9 1.88 7.0 0.73 2.7 2.81 10.5 

Service..................................... 17.01 100.0 12.86 75.6 4.15 24.4 0.73 4.3 0.35 2.0 1.20 7.0 Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance............................ 35.65 100.0 24.13 67.7 11.52 32.3 1.79 5.0 1.21 3.4 3.09 8.7 Construction, extraction, farming,

fishing, and forestry................. 36.57 100.0 24.52 67.0 12.05 33.0 1.38 3.8 1.25 3.4 3.12 8.5 

Installation, maintenance, and

repair.................................. 34.68 100.0 23.73 68.4 10.96 31.6 2.22 6.4 1.18 3.4 3.05 8.8 

Production, transportation, and

material moving........................ 28.89 100.0 19.10 66.1 9.79 33.9 1.73 6.0 1.19 4.1 2.98 10.3 Production.............................. 27.85 100.0 18.44 66.2 9.41 33.8 1.70 6.1 1.37 4.9 3.01 10.8 Transportation and material

moving................................ 29.92 100.0 19.75 66.0 10.17 34.0 1.76 5.9 1.01 3.4 2.94 9.8 

Industry group

Goods-producing

2........................ 39.90 100.0 26.61 66.7 13.29 33.3 2.60 6.5 1.71 4.3 3.70 9.3 

Construction............................ 39.55 100.0 27.38 69.2 12.16 30.8 1.74 4.4 1.26 3.2 3.20 8.1 Manufacturing.......................... 39.53 100.0 25.86 65.4 13.67 34.6 3.00 7.6 1.94 4.9 3.94 10.0 

Aircraft manufacturing.............. 71.17 100.0 43.15 60.6 28.01 39.4 6.37 8.9 5.00 7.0 6.89 9.7 

Service-providing

3........................ 33.39 100.0 23.67 70.9 9.72 29.1 2.46 7.4 0.98 2.9 2.56 7.7 

Trade, transportation, and utilities. .. 28.65 100.0 20.13 70.3 8.52 29.7 1.80 6.3 0.80 2.8 2.35 8.2 

Wholesale trade..................... 37.89 100.0 26.83 70.8 11.05 29.2 2.77 7.3 1.18 3.1 2.89 7.6 Retail trade........................... 20.19 100.0 15.22 75.4 4.97 24.6 0.97 4.8 0.44 2.2 1.37 6.8 Transportation and warehousing... 39.47 100.0 25.41 64.4 14.07 35.6 2.78 7.0 1.27 3.2 4.09 10.4 Utilities................................ 63.25 100.0 38.13 60.3 25.12 39.7 5.38 8.5 2.28 3.6 6.23 9.9 

Information.............................. 58.23 100.0 38.67 66.4 19.56 33.6 5.28 9.1 2.58 4.4 4.97 8.5 Financial activities..................... 47.30 100.0 31.83 67.3 15.47 32.7 4.07 8.6 2.55 5.4 4.03 8.5 

Financial and insurance............ 52.75 100.0 34.95 66.3 17.79 33.7 4.76 9.0 3.14 6.0 4.52 8.6 

Credit intermediation and

related activities................ 44.77 100.0 29.97 66.9 14.81 33.1 4.07 9.1 2.16 4.8 4.08 9.1 

Insurance carriers and related

activities......................... 51.41 100.0 33.72 65.6 17.68 34.4 4.53 8.8 3.00 5.8 4.56 8.9 

Real estate and rental and

leasing............................. 32.07 100.0 23.12 72.1 8.96 27.9 2.16 6.7 0.91 2.8 2.67 8.3 

Professional and business

services............................... 41.48 100.0 29.85 72.0 11.63 28.0 3.30 8.0 1.30 3.1 2.63 6.3 

See footnotes at end of table.

- 7 -
Table 4. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by occupational and industry group — 

[Mar. 2019]

Series

Total

compensation

1

Wages and

salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance 

Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent 

Professional and technical

services............................ 53.90 100.0 38.62 71.7 15.28 28.3 4.71 8.7 1.68 3.1 3.44 6.4 

Administrative and waste

services............................ 23.59 100.0 17.84 75.6 5.75 24.4 1.16 4.9 0.63 2.7 1.42 6.0 

Education and health services....... 37.18 100.0 26.14 70.3 11.03 29.7 3.07 8.3 0.79 2.1 3.20 8.6 

Educational services................ 46.71 100.0 33.56 71.8 13.15 28.2 3.61 7.7 0.25 0.5 3.86 8.3 

Junior colleges, colleges,

universities and professionalschools.......................... 58.92 100.0 40.96 69.5 17.96 30.5 5.25 8.9 0.41 0.7 5.38 9.1 

Health care and social

assistance......................... 35.75 100.0 25.03 70.0 10.71 30.0 2.99 8.4 0.87 2.4 3.11 8.7 

Leisure and hospitality................ 15.52 100.0 12.19 78.5 3.33 21.5 0.50 3.2 0.22 1.4 0.84 5.4 

Accommodation and food

services............................ 14.37 100.0 11.29 78.6 3.07 21.4 0.45 3.1 0.21 1.5 0.76 5.3 

Other services.......................... 29.17 100.0 21.30 73.0 7.87 27.0 1.74 6.0 0.45 1.5 2.13 7.3 

1 Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professio

management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and services; and other services, except public administration.

- 8 -
Table 5. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by bargaining and work status

[Mar. 2019]

Series

Total

compensation

1

Wages and

salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance 

Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent 

Union

All workers................................. 47.27 100.0 27.90 59.0 19.37 41.0 3.34 7.1 1.55 3.3 6.58 13.9 Goods-producing

2........................ 51.40 100.0 29.52 57.4 21.88 42.6 2.80 5.5 2.28 4.4 7.43 14.5 

Service-providing

3........................ 45.58 100.0 27.23 59.7 18.35 40.3 3.57 7.8 1.26 2.8 6.23 13.7 

Nonunion

All workers................................. 33.26 100.0 23.81 71.6 9.46 28.4 2.40 7.2 1.06 3.2 2.38 7.2 Goods-producing

2........................ 37.87 100.0 26.09 68.9 11.78 31.1 2.56 6.8 1.61 4.3 3.04 8.0 

Service-providing

3........................ 32.40 100.0 23.38 72.2 9.02 27.8 2.37 7.3 0.96 3.0 2.26 7.0 

Full-time

All workers................................. 39.92 100.0 27.43 68.7 12.49 31.3 3.11 7.8 1.37 3.4 3.39 8.5 

Occupational group

Management, professional and

related................................ 62.33 100.0 43.04 69.1 19.29 30.9 5.73 9.2 2.20 3.5 4.58 7.3 Management, business, and

financial............................ 67.53 100.0 46.64 69.1 20.89 30.9 6.33 9.4 2.83 4.2 4.53 6.7 

Professional and related........... 58.98 100.0 40.72 69.0 18.26 31.0 5.34 9.1 1.79 3.0 4.61 7.8 

Sales and office........................ 30.78 100.0 21.48 69.8 9.29 30.2 2.27 7.4 0.89 2.9 2.92 9.5 

Sales and related................... 34.49 100.0 25.30 73.3 9.20 26.7 2.45 7.1 0.97 2.8 2.33 6.8 Office and administrative

support............................. 29.06 100.0 19.72 67.9 9.34 32.1 2.19 7.5 0.85 2.9 3.19 11.0 

Service.................................. 19.97 100.0 14.29 71.6 5.68 28.4 1.15 5.7 0.50 2.5 1.90 9.5 Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance......................... 36.70 100.0 24.70 67.3 12.00 32.7 1.88 5.1 1.27 3.5 3.26 8.9 Construction, extraction, farming,

fishing, and forestry.............. 37.47 100.0 25.00 66.7 12.47 33.3 1.44 3.8 1.31 3.5 3.26 8.7 

Installation, maintenance, and

repair............................... 35.88 100.0 24.38 67.9 11.51 32.1 2.35 6.5 1.23 3.4 3.26 9.1 

Production, transportation, and

material moving..................... 31.00 100.0 20.31 65.5 10.69 34.5 1.97 6.3 1.35 4.4 3.29 10.6 Production............................ 28.98 100.0 19.02 65.6 9.97 34.4 1.82 6.3 1.46 5.0 3.23 11.2 Transportation and material

moving............................. 33.39 100.0 21.85 65.4 11.54 34.6 2.14 6.4 1.21 3.6 3.35 10.0 

Industry group

Goods-producing

2..................... 40.43 100.0 26.89 66.5 13.53 33.5 2.66 6.6 1.74 4.3 3.78 9.4 

Construction......................... 40.25 100.0 27.76 69.0 12.49 31.0 1.80 4.5 1.29 3.2 3.34 8.3 Manufacturing....................... 39.96 100.0 26.11 65.3 13.85 34.7 3.05 7.6 1.97 4.9 3.99 10.0 

Service-providing

3..................... 39.78 100.0 27.59 69.4 12.19 30.6 3.24 8.1 1.27 3.2 3.28 8.3 

Trade, transportation, and

utilities.............................. 35.20 100.0 24.23 68.8 10.97 31.2 2.52 7.2 1.08 3.1 3.01 8.6 

Information........................... 62.53 100.0 41.33 66.1 21.20 33.9 5.74 9.2 2.81 4.5 5.39 8.6 Financial activities................... 50.23 100.0 33.59 66.9 16.64 33.1 4.45 8.9 2.76 5.5 4.36 8.7 Professional and business

services............................ 45.24 100.0 32.13 71.0 13.10 29.0 3.80 8.4 1.47 3.3 3.02 6.7 

Education and health services. . .. 40.29 100.0 27.79 69.0 12.49 31.0 3.57 8.9 0.87 2.2 3.77 9.4 

See footnotes at end of table.

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Table 5. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by bargaining and work status — Co

[Mar. 2019]

Series

Total

compensation

1

Wages and

salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance 

Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent 

Leisure and hospitality.............. 19.72 100.0 14.56 73.8 5.17 26.2 1.02 5.2 0.37 1.9 1.61 8.2 Other services....................... 34.62 100.0 24.39 70.5 10.22 29.5 2.43 7.0 0.56 1.6 3.01 8.7 

Part-time

All workers................................. 18.30 100.0 14.41 78.8 3.89 21.2 0.60 3.3 0.30 1.7 0.84 4.6 

Occupational group

Management, professional and

related................................ 41.38 100.0 32.05 77.4 9.33 22.6 2.36 5.7 0.87 2.1 1.74 4.2 Professional and related........... 41.71 100.0 32.13 77.0 9.58 23.0 2.47 5.9 0.82 2.0 1.85 4.4 

Sales and office........................ 15.79 100.0 12.55 79.5 3.25 20.5 0.44 2.8 0.23 1.5 0.87 5.5 

Sales and related................... 14.31 100.0 11.70 81.8 2.61 18.2 0.29 2.1 0.20 1.4 0.58 4.1 Office and administrative

support............................. 18.13 100.0 13.89 76.6 4.24 23.4 0.66 3.7 0.27 1.5 1.31 7.2 

Service.................................. 13.91 100.0 11.35 81.6 2.55 18.4 0.28 2.0 0.19 1.3 0.46 3.3 Production, transportation, and

material moving..................... 18.19 100.0 12.96 71.2 5.23 28.8 0.51 2.8 0.37 2.0 1.40 7.7 Transportation and material

moving............................. 19.20 100.0 13.28 69.2 5.91 30.8 0.55 2.9 0.39 2.1 1.68 8.7 

Industry group

Service-providing

3..................... 18.21 100.0 14.35 78.8 3.86 21.2 0.60 3.3 0.30 1.6 0.84 4.6 

Trade, transportation, and

utilities.............................. 16.40 100.0 12.46 76.0 3.94 24.0 0.45 2.7 0.27 1.6 1.11 6.8 

Professional and business

services............................ 21.78 100.0 17.86 82.0 3.91 18.0 0.68 3.1 0.39 1.8 0.54 2.5 

Education and health services. . .. 28.07 100.0 21.32 75.9 6.75 24.1 1.62 5.8 0.56 2.0 1.55 5.5 Leisure and hospitality.............. 12.24 100.0 10.34 84.5 1.90 15.5 0.10 0.8 0.10 0.8 0.24 2.0 

1 Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professio

management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and services; and other services, except public administration.

4 The relative standard error for this estimate is greater than 30 percent.

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Table 6. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by establishment size and industry g

[Mar. 2019]

Series

Total

compensation

1

Wages and

salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance 

Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent 

All workers

1-99 workers................................. 28.49 100.0 21.06 73.9 7.43 26.1 1.74 6.1 0.68 2.4 1.89 6.6 

1-49 workers.............................. 27.85 100.0 20.79 74.7 7.06 25.3 1.65 5.9 0.65 2.3 1.74 6.2 50-99 workers............................. 30.59 100.0 21.93 71.7 8.66 28.3 2.01 6.6 0.78 2.6 2.37 7.8 

100 workers or more........................ 41.73 100.0 27.91 66.9 13.82 33.1 3.38 8.1 1.61 3.9 3.80 9.1 

100-499 workers.......................... 35.48 100.0 24.50 69.0 10.99 31.0 2.61 7.4 1.13 3.2 3.08 8.7 500 workers or more..................... 50.20 100.0 32.54 64.8 17.66 35.2 4.42 8.8 2.26 4.5 4.77 9.5 

Goods-producing

2

1-99 workers.............................. 33.06 100.0 23.34 70.6 9.71 29.4 1.68 5.1 1.08 3.3 2.62 7.9 

1-49 workers............................ 31.97 100.0 22.95 71.8 9.01 28.2 1.52 4.8 1.02 3.2 2.25 7.0 50-99 workers.......................... 35.76 100.0 24.32 68.0 11.44 32.0 2.05 5.7 1.23 3.4 3.55 9.9 

100 workers or more..................... 45.68 100.0 29.36 64.3 16.32 35.7 3.37 7.4 2.24 4.9 4.61 10.1 

100-499 workers....................... 40.45 100.0 26.77 66.2 13.68 33.8 2.75 6.8 1.67 4.1 4.00 9.9 500 workers or more.................. 53.44 100.0 33.21 62.2 20.23 37.8 4.30 8.0 3.09 5.8 5.52 10.3 

Service-providing

3

1-99 workers.............................. 27.74 100.0 20.68 74.6 7.06 25.4 1.75 6.3 0.62 2.2 1.76 6.4 

1-49 workers............................ 27.22 100.0 20.46 75.2 6.76 24.8 1.67 6.1 0.60 2.2 1.66 6.1 50-99 workers.......................... 29.49 100.0 21.43 72.6 8.07 27.4 2.00 6.8 0.69 2.3 2.12 7.2 

100 workers or more..................... 40.72 100.0 27.54 67.6 13.18 32.4 3.38 8.3 1.45 3.6 3.59 8.8 

100-499 workers....................... 34.16 100.0 23.89 69.9 10.27 30.1 2.57 7.5 0.99 2.9 2.84 8.3 500 workers or more.................. 49.43 100.0 32.38 65.5 17.05 34.5 4.45 9.0 2.06 4.2 4.59 9.3 

1 Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professio

management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and services; and other services, except public administration.

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Table 7. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by census region and division

[Mar. 2019]

Area

1

Total

compensation

2

Wages and

salaries Total benefits Paid leave Supplemental pay Insurance 

Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent 

Northeast ............................................ 39.07 100.0 26.70 68.3 12.37 31.7 3.09 7.9 1.30 3.3 3.34 8.6 

New England..................................... 41.13 100.0 28.19 68.5 12.94 31.5 3.28 8.0 1.31 3.2 3.40 8.3 Middle Atlantic................................... 38.35 100.0 26.18 68.3 12.17 31.7 3.02 7.9 1.29 3.4 3.32 8.7 

South................................................... 31.15 100.0 22.20 71.3 8.95 28.7 2.16 6.9 1.05 3.4 2.26 7.3 

South Atlantic.................................... 31.66 100.0 22.46 70.9 9.20 29.1 2.23 7.0 1.02 3.2 2.36 7.5 East South Central............................. 27.57 100.0 19.33 70.1 8.24 29.9 1.88 6.8 0.95 3.4 2.29 8.3 West South Central............................ 32.01 100.0 23.14 72.3 8.87 27.7 2.17 6.8 1.16 3.6 2.09 6.5 

Midwest............................................... 31.82 100.0 22.07 69.4 9.75 30.6 2.18 6.9 1.09 3.4 2.77 8.7 

East North Central............................. 32.06 100.0 22.18 69.2 9.88 30.8 2.18 6.8 1.13 3.5 2.80 8.7 West North Central............................ 31.29 100.0 21.82 69.8 9.46 30.2 2.17 6.9 1.02 3.2 2.69 8.6 

West................................................... 38.78 100.0 27.36 70.5 11.42 29.5 2.81 7.2 1.05 2.7 3.02 7.8 

Mountain.......................................... 33.22 100.0 23.68 71.3 9.54 28.7 2.33 7.0 0.95 2.9 2.46 7.4 Pacific.............................................. 41.27 100.0 29.01 70.3 12.27 29.7 3.03 7.3 1.09 2.6 3.27 7.9 

1 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: N

Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East SoutMississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and WisconMinnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; anOregon, and Washington.

2 Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.

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Table 8. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for private industry workers by metropolitan areas

[Mar. 2019]

Area

1 Total compensation

2 Wages and salaries 

Cost ($) Percent Cost ($) Percent 

Northeast Region

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA................................. 41.49 100.0 28.46 68.6 

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA............................................... 43.39 100.0 29.81 68.7 

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA................................ 36.33 100.0 24.88 68.5 

South Region

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA............................ 35.82 100.0 25.03 69.9 

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA........................................................ 34.47 100.0 24.73 71.7 

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA.................................................... 39.41 100.0 28.37 72.0 

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA...................................... 28.48 100.0 20.31 71.3 

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA......................... 37.41 100.0 26.66 71.3 

Midwest Region

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA..................................................... 35.42 100.0 24.68 69.7 

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA.................................................... 35.60 100.0 24.04 67.5 

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA.................................................... 37.98 100.0 26.68 70.3 

West Region

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA................................................... 39.36 100.0 28.26 71.8 

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA................................................... 36.51 100.0 25.56 70.0 

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA......................................... 53.65 100.0 37.46 69.8 

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA.............................................................. 42.57 100.0 29.67 69.7 

1 These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the March 2019 release, area definitions 

and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated Fon metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.

2 Includes costs for wages and salaries and benefits.

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