Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-1761 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 2, 2022

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — AUGUST 2022

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 315,000 in August, and the unemployment rate rose 

to 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in 

professional and business services, health care, and retail trade.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In August, the unemployment rate rose by 0.2 percentage point to 3.7 percent, and the number of 

unemployed persons increased by 344,000 to 6.0 million. In July, these measures had returned to their 

levels in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent) and Hispanics 

(4.5 percent) rose in August. The jobless rates for adult women (3.3 percent), teenagers (10.4 percent), 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

August 2019 – August 2022

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Aug-19 Feb-20 Aug-20 Feb-21 Aug-21 Feb-22 Aug-22

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

August 2019 – August 2022

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Aug-19 Feb-20 Aug-20 Feb-21 Aug-21 Feb-22 Aug-22
-2-

Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (6.4 percent), and Asians (2.8 percent) showed little change over the 

month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers increased by 188,000 to 1.4 million in 

August. The number of persons on temporary layoff was virtually unchanged at 782,000. (See table A11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.1 

million in August. The long-term unemployed accounted for 18.8 percent of all unemployed persons. 

(See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate increased by 0.3 percentage point over the month to 62.4 percent but 

is 1.0 percentage point below its February 2020 level. The employment-population ratio was little 

changed at 60.1 percent in August and remains 1.1 percentage points below its February 2020 value. 

(See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was little changed at 4.1 million in 

August. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time 

because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job declined by 361,000 to 5.5 

million in August. This measure remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals 

were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force, at 1.4 million, was little changed in August. These individuals wanted and were 

available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for 

work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached 

who believed that no jobs were available for them, numbered 366,000 in August, little changed from the 

prior month. (See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In August, 6.5 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down 

from 7.1 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at 

home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the pandemic. 

In August, 1.9 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer 

closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at 

some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 2.2 

million in the previous month. Among those who reported in August that they were unable to work 

because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 21.5 percent received at least some pay from 

their employer for the hours not worked, little different from the previous month.

Among those not in the labor force in August, 523,000 persons were prevented from looking for work 

due to the pandemic, little changed from the prior month. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition, 

individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) 
 

-3-

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey in May 2020 to help gauge 

the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables with 

estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. (For more information about 

upcoming changes to these supplemental data, see the box note on page 4.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 315,000 in August. Nonfarm employment has risen 

by 5.8 million over the past 12 months, as the labor market continued to recover from the job losses of 

the pandemic-induced recession. This growth brings total nonfarm employment 240,000 higher than its 

pre-pandemic level in February 2020. In August, notable job gains occurred in professional and business 

services, health care, and retail trade. (See table B-1.) 

Professional and business services added 68,000 jobs in August. Within the industry, employment 

gains occurred in computer systems design and related services (+14,000), management and technical 

consulting services (+13,000), architectural and engineering services (+10,000), and scientific research 

and development services (+6,000), while legal services lost jobs (-9,000). Over the past 12 months, 

professional and business services has added 1.1 million jobs. 

In August, health care employment rose by 48,000, with job gains in offices of physicians (+15,000), 

hospitals (+15,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+12,000). Health care has added 412,000 

jobs over the year. Despite this growth, employment in health care is below its February 2020 level by 

37,000, or 0.2 percent. 

Retail trade added 44,000 jobs in August and 422,000 jobs over the past 12 months. In August, 

employment increased in general merchandise stores (+15,000), food and beverage stores (+15,000), 

health and personal care stores (+10,000), and building material and garden supply stores (+7,000). 

Employment in furniture and home furnishings stores continued to trend down (-3,000). 

Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in August (+22,000), with gains concentrated in 

durable goods industries (+19,000). Manufacturing has added 461,000 jobs over the year. 

Employment in financial activities rose by 17,000 in August and by 200,000 over the year. 

Employment in wholesale trade increased by 15,000 in August, returning to its February 2020 level. 

This industry has added 197,000 jobs over the year. 

Mining employment rose by 6,000 in August, reflecting a gain in support activities for mining (+7,000). 

Over the year, mining has added 68,000 jobs. 

Employment in leisure and hospitality changed little in August (+31,000), following average monthly 

gains of 90,000 in the first 7 months of the year. Employment in leisure and hospitality is below its 

February 2020 level by 1.2 million, or 7.2 percent.

In August, employment showed little change in other major industries, including construction, 

transportation and warehousing, information, other services, and government. 
 

-4-

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10 cents, or 

0.3 percent, to $32.36. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 5.2 percent. 

In August, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose 

by 10 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $27.68. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 34.5 

hours in August. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was little changed at 40.3 

hours, and overtime held at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1 hour to 33.9 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 105,000, from +398,000 

to +293,000, and the change for July was revised down by 2,000, from +528,000 to +526,000. With 

these revisions, employment in June and July combined is 107,000 lower than previously reported. 

(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies 

since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 7, 2022, 

at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Supplemental Data

The supplemental questions that BLS added to the household survey in May 2020 to examine the effects 

of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market will be asked for the last time in 

September 2022. These questions ask whether people teleworked or worked from home because of the 

pandemic; whether people were unable to work because their employers closed or lost business due to 

the pandemic; whether they were paid for that missed work; and whether the pandemic prevented jobseeking activities. These questions have become less relevant than they were earlier in the pandemic. 

The September 2022 Employment Situation news release published on October 7, 2022, will be the last 

news release to contain data from these questions.

To improve the relevancy of the supplemental pandemic-related questions, four new questions that focus 

on telework will be asked starting in October 2022. These new questions will ask whether people 

teleworked or worked from home during the survey reference week; how many hours they teleworked; 

whether they teleworked prior to the pandemic; and whether they teleworked more, less, or about the 

same as before the pandemic.

Because data from the new questions will take time to process and review, the Household Survey 

Supplemental Data section of the Employment Situation news release will be temporarily discontinued 

with the release of October data on November 4, 2022. More information about the new questions, 

including future announcements about the availability of data from these questions, will be available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm . 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Change from:

July 2022-

Aug. 2022

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 261,611 263,835 264,012 264,184 172

Civilian labor force........................................................... 161,505 164,023 163,960 164,746 786

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.7 62.2 62.1 62.4 0.3

Employed................................................................... 153,167 158,111 158,290 158,732 442

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 58.5 59.9 60.0 60.1 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 8,339 5,912 5,670 6,014 344

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.2 3.6 3.5 3.7 0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,106 99,812 100,051 99,438 -613

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.2 3.6 3.5 3.7 0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 5.1 3.3 3.2 3.5 0.3

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.8 3.3 3.1 3.3 0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 11.3 11.0 11.5 10.4 -1.1

White.......................................................................... 4.5 3.3 3.1 3.2 0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 8.7 5.8 6.0 6.4 0.4

Asian.......................................................................... 4.5 3.0 2.6 2.8 0.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.2 4.3 3.9 4.5 0.6

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.5 3.0 2.8 3.0 0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.8 5.8 5.9 6.2 0.3

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.9 3.6 3.6 4.2 0.6

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.9 3.1 2.8 2.9 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.7 2.1 2.0 1.9 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 4,441 2,645 2,547 2,720 173

Job leavers...................................................................... 830 832 842 898 56

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,446 1,990 1,826 1,836 10

New entrants.................................................................... 514 464 460 440 -20

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,110 2,262 2,080 2,223 143

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,927 1,552 1,772 1,807 35

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,248 753 718 885 167

27 weeks and over............................................................. 3,105 1,336 1,067 1,137 70

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,481 3,621 3,924 4,149 225

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,187 2,366 2,697 2,769 72

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,017 914 910 979 69

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,330 20,602 21,103 21,044 -59

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,576 1,504 1,545 1,434 -111

Discouraged workers........................................................ 389 364 424 366 -58

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 293 526 315

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 346 477 308

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 43 66 45

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 6 7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 24 16

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 25 36 22

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 10 29 19

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 1.7 3.6 -1.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 15 7 3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 303 411 263

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 10.0 15.1 15.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 22.3 29.1 44.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.9 15.9 24.6 4.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.8 0.2 1.0 0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 26 16 7

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5 13 17

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 90 84 68

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 6.5 8.5 11.6

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 94 118 68

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 82.0 93.7 61.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 43 95 31

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 -4 16 7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 -53 49 7

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 349 402 378

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 348 385 377

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.8 49.9 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.4 48.5 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 81.5 81.5 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 34.5 34.6 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30.76 $32.11 $32.26 $32.36

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,067.37 $1,107.80 $1,116.20 $1,116.42

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.7 112.4 113.1 113.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.0 0.6 -0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.9 172.5 174.4 174.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.3

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 71.1 69.7 62.1

Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 62.8 62.2 57.4

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 670,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,611 264,012 264,184 261,611 263,559 263,679 263,835 264,012 264,184

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,788 165,321 164,971 161,505 164,046 164,376 164,023 163,960 164,746

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 62.6 62.4 61.7 62.2 62.3 62.2 62.1 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,232 159,067 158,714 153,167 158,105 158,426 158,111 158,290 158,732

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 60.2 60.1 58.5 60.0 60.1 59.9 60.0 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,556 6,255 6,256 8,339 5,941 5,950 5,912 5,670 6,014

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 3.8 3.8 5.2 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,823 98,690 99,213 100,106 99,513 99,302 99,812 100,051 99,438

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,810 6,224 5,633 5,701 5,859 5,681 5,656 5,910 5,549

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,570 128,636 128,722 126,570 128,411 128,470 128,547 128,636 128,722

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,074 88,052 87,649 85,656 87,377 87,366 87,213 86,936 87,335

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 68.5 68.1 67.7 68.0 68.0 67.8 67.6 67.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,670 84,953 84,504 81,102 84,089 84,218 84,061 83,891 84,045

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 66.0 65.6 64.1 65.5 65.6 65.4 65.2 65.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,404 3,098 3,145 4,554 3,288 3,148 3,152 3,046 3,290

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 3.5 3.6 5.3 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,496 40,584 41,072 40,914 41,034 41,104 41,334 41,700 41,387

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,261 119,977 120,058 118,261 119,780 119,831 119,899 119,977 120,058

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,817 84,270 84,180 82,672 84,295 84,249 84,040 83,857 84,158

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 70.2 70.1 69.9 70.4 70.3 70.1 69.9 70.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,783 81,610 81,401 78,480 81,334 81,422 81,242 81,164 81,225

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.6 68.0 67.8 66.4 67.9 67.9 67.8 67.7 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,034 2,660 2,780 4,192 2,961 2,827 2,797 2,692 2,934

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 3.2 3.3 5.1 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,444 35,707 35,878 35,590 35,486 35,582 35,859 36,120 35,900

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,041 135,376 135,462 135,041 135,148 135,209 135,287 135,376 135,462

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,714 77,270 77,321 75,849 76,670 77,010 76,809 77,024 77,410

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 57.1 57.1 56.2 56.7 57.0 56.8 56.9 57.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,562 74,114 74,210 72,065 74,017 74,208 74,050 74,399 74,687

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.0 54.7 54.8 53.4 54.8 54.9 54.7 55.0 55.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,152 3,156 3,111 3,784 2,653 2,802 2,760 2,625 2,724

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 4.1 4.0 5.0 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,327 58,106 58,141 59,191 58,479 58,199 58,478 58,351 58,052

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,906 126,951 127,034 126,906 126,749 126,802 126,872 126,951 127,034

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,571 73,607 73,850 72,862 73,514 73,911 73,741 73,988 74,140

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 58.0 58.1 57.4 58.0 58.3 58.1 58.3 58.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,746 70,900 71,067 69,390 71,170 71,432 71,311 71,710 71,729

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 55.8 55.9 54.7 56.2 56.3 56.2 56.5 56.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,825 2,708 2,783 3,472 2,344 2,479 2,430 2,278 2,411

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 3.7 3.8 4.8 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,335 53,344 53,185 54,044 53,234 52,891 53,131 52,963 52,895

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,443 17,084 17,091 16,443 17,030 17,046 17,064 17,084 17,091

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,400 7,444 6,940 5,971 6,237 6,216 6,242 6,116 6,447

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 43.6 40.6 36.3 36.6 36.5 36.6 35.8 37.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,702 6,557 6,247 5,297 5,601 5,571 5,558 5,415 5,778

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 38.4 36.5 32.2 32.9 32.7 32.6 31.7 33.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 887 694 675 636 645 685 700 669

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 11.9 10.0 11.3 10.2 10.4 11.0 11.5 10.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,044 9,640 10,151 10,472 10,793 10,830 10,822 10,968 10,644

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,968 203,229 203,324 201,968 202,982 203,039 203,125 203,229 203,324

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,329 126,611 126,264 124,207 125,664 125,772 125,706 125,705 126,172

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 62.3 62.1 61.5 61.9 61.9 61.9 61.9 62.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,601 122,376 122,115 118,557 121,606 121,724 121,587 121,822 122,129

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 60.2 60.1 58.7 59.9 60.0 59.9 59.9 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,728 4,235 4,148 5,650 4,058 4,048 4,119 3,884 4,043

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.3 3.3 4.5 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,639 76,618 77,061 77,760 77,319 77,267 77,419 77,524 77,152

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,844 65,662 65,545 64,814 65,540 65,653 65,556 65,430 65,600

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 70.0 69.9 69.9 70.0 70.1 70.0 69.8 69.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,142 63,763 63,660 61,944 63,521 63,620 63,529 63,464 63,553

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 68.0 67.9 66.9 67.8 67.9 67.8 67.7 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,702 1,899 1,885 2,870 2,020 2,033 2,027 1,966 2,048

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 2.9 2.9 4.4 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,494 55,243 55,399 54,764 55,215 55,315 55,318 55,565 55,661

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 57.0 57.1 56.3 57.0 57.1 57.1 57.3 57.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,930 53,489 53,608 52,432 53,656 53,731 53,727 54,123 54,125

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.4 55.2 55.3 53.9 55.4 55.5 55.4 55.8 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,564 1,754 1,791 2,332 1,559 1,583 1,591 1,442 1,535

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 3.2 3.2 4.3 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,991 5,706 5,320 4,629 4,909 4,804 4,832 4,711 4,911

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 45.7 42.6 38.4 39.4 38.5 38.7 37.7 39.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,530 5,124 4,848 4,181 4,429 4,373 4,331 4,235 4,451

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.6 41.0 38.8 34.7 35.5 35.1 34.7 33.9 35.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 582 472 448 480 431 501 476 460

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 10.2 8.9 9.7 9.8 9.0 10.4 10.1 9.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,645 34,138 34,171 33,645 34,055 34,079 34,107 34,138 34,171

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,823 21,418 21,259 20,681 21,209 21,475 21,213 21,174 21,123

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 62.7 62.2 61.5 62.3 63.0 62.2 62.0 61.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,934 20,027 19,824 18,879 19,963 20,141 19,975 19,907 19,776

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 58.7 58.0 56.1 58.6 59.1 58.6 58.3 57.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,889 1,391 1,436 1,803 1,246 1,335 1,238 1,268 1,347

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 6.5 6.8 8.7 5.9 6.2 5.8 6.0 6.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,822 12,720 12,912 12,964 12,846 12,604 12,895 12,964 13,048

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,544 9,853 9,777 9,471 9,969 9,983 9,866 9,764 9,707

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 67.9 67.3 66.6 68.9 68.9 68.1 67.3 66.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,700 9,297 9,199 8,616 9,360 9,416 9,342 9,212 9,125

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 64.1 63.3 60.6 64.7 65.0 64.4 63.5 62.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 556 578 855 608 566 524 552 582

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 5.6 5.9 9.0 6.1 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,495 10,664 10,654 10,472 10,555 10,731 10,628 10,688 10,643

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 62.2 62.1 61.5 61.7 62.7 62.0 62.3 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,589 10,032 9,947 9,653 10,022 10,102 10,030 10,119 10,018

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 58.5 58.0 56.7 58.6 59.0 58.6 59.0 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 632 707 819 533 629 598 569 625

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 5.9 6.6 7.8 5.0 5.9 5.6 5.3 5.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 901 829 738 686 762 719 722 773

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.9 36.3 33.3 30.9 27.7 30.8 29.0 29.1 31.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 698 678 609 581 622 603 576 634

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 28.1 27.3 25.5 23.5 25.1 24.3 23.2 25.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 203 151 129 104 140 116 146 140

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6 22.6 18.2 17.4 15.2 18.3 16.1 20.3 18.1

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,555 16,920 16,989 16,555 16,826 16,815 16,910 16,920 16,989

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,672 11,050 11,166 10,610 10,837 10,912 10,894 10,980 11,096

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 65.3 65.7 64.1 64.4 64.9 64.4 64.9 65.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,181 10,731 10,841 10,135 10,504 10,651 10,565 10,693 10,790

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 63.4 63.8 61.2 62.4 63.3 62.5 63.2 63.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 319 326 476 333 261 330 287 307

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 2.9 2.9 4.5 3.1 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,883 5,870 5,823 5,945 5,989 5,903 6,016 5,940 5,893

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 45,004 46,200 46,287 45,004 45,963 46,039 46,119 46,200 46,287

Civilian labor force................................ 29,449 30,455 30,920 29,481 30,376 30,610 30,670 30,363 30,918

Participation rate............................... 65.4 65.9 66.8 65.5 66.1 66.5 66.5 65.7 66.8

Employed....................................... 27,635 29,191 29,498 27,666 29,121 29,279 29,364 29,170 29,539

Employment-population ratio............... 61.4 63.2 63.7 61.5 63.4 63.6 63.7 63.1 63.8

Unemployed.................................... 1,814 1,265 1,422 1,815 1,255 1,331 1,306 1,193 1,379

Unemployment rate......................... 6.2 4.2 4.6 6.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.5

Not in labor force................................. 15,555 15,745 15,367 15,523 15,587 15,429 15,449 15,837 15,369

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,239 16,450 16,651 16,230 16,604 16,717 16,743 16,452 16,625

Participation rate............................... 79.8 78.6 79.4 79.8 79.7 80.1 80.1 78.6 79.3

Employed....................................... 15,374 15,911 15,998 15,327 15,989 16,152 16,170 15,870 15,976

Employment-population ratio............... 75.6 76.0 76.3 75.4 76.8 77.4 77.4 75.8 76.2

Unemployed.................................... 865 540 653 904 615 566 573 581 649

Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 3.3 3.9 5.6 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,902 12,433 12,746 11,977 12,331 12,466 12,486 12,515 12,812

Participation rate............................... 57.7 59.2 60.6 58.1 59.0 59.6 59.6 59.6 60.9

Employed....................................... 11,160 11,992 12,177 11,255 11,857 11,876 11,926 12,113 12,264

Employment-population ratio............... 54.1 57.1 57.9 54.6 56.8 56.8 56.9 57.7 58.3

Unemployed.................................... 742 441 569 722 474 591 560 402 547

Unemployment rate......................... 6.2 3.5 4.5 6.0 3.8 4.7 4.5 3.2 4.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,308 1,572 1,524 1,273 1,441 1,427 1,441 1,397 1,482

Participation rate............................... 32.3 36.8 35.6 31.4 34.0 33.5 33.8 32.7 34.6

Employed....................................... 1,101 1,288 1,323 1,084 1,275 1,252 1,268 1,187 1,299

Employment-population ratio............... 27.2 30.1 30.9 26.7 30.1 29.4 29.7 27.8 30.3

Unemployed.................................... 207 284 201 190 165 175 173 210 183

Unemployment rate......................... 15.8 18.1 13.2 14.9 11.5 12.2 12.0 15.0 12.3

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,188 8,739 8,623 9,185 9,207 9,194 9,210 8,924 8,646

Participation rate.................................. 45.9 45.3 45.2 45.9 44.4 44.0 44.7 46.2 45.4

Employed.......................................... 8,542 8,248 8,153 8,469 8,713 8,719 8,680 8,398 8,110

Employment-population ratio................. 42.7 42.7 42.8 42.3 42.0 41.8 42.2 43.5 42.5

Unemployed....................................... 646 491 469 716 494 475 530 526 536

Unemployment rate............................ 7.0 5.6 5.4 7.8 5.4 5.2 5.8 5.9 6.2

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,571 35,154 35,903 35,409 36,464 36,118 35,985 35,386 35,798

Participation rate.................................. 55.7 55.8 56.6 55.4 56.8 56.8 56.8 56.1 56.4

Employed.......................................... 33,473 33,890 34,354 33,337 35,064 34,760 34,679 34,113 34,284

Employment-population ratio................. 52.4 53.8 54.1 52.2 54.6 54.7 54.8 54.1 54.0

Unemployed....................................... 2,098 1,264 1,549 2,072 1,401 1,358 1,305 1,273 1,514

Unemployment rate............................ 5.9 3.6 4.3 5.9 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 4.2

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,502 35,489 35,262 35,757 35,540 35,787 35,707 35,575 35,586

Participation rate.................................. 63.0 62.4 62.4 63.5 63.4 63.5 62.6 62.6 63.0

Employed.......................................... 33,611 34,416 34,147 34,000 34,445 34,565 34,585 34,563 34,538

Employment-population ratio................. 59.7 60.5 60.5 60.4 61.4 61.3 60.6 60.8 61.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,890 1,072 1,115 1,757 1,095 1,222 1,122 1,012 1,048

Unemployment rate............................ 5.3 3.0 3.2 4.9 3.1 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 60,321 62,997 63,343 60,736 61,705 62,295 62,098 63,380 63,701

Participation rate.................................. 71.7 72.5 72.6 72.2 72.9 73.3 73.1 73.0 73.1

Employed.......................................... 58,441 61,521 61,949 59,074 60,459 61,078 60,800 62,094 62,519

Employment-population ratio................. 69.5 70.8 71.0 70.2 71.5 71.9 71.6 71.5 71.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,880 1,476 1,394 1,662 1,247 1,217 1,297 1,286 1,182

Unemployment rate............................ 3.1 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,037 18,336 16,119 16,306 1,918 2,030

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,443 8,745 7,335 7,530 1,108 1,214

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 47.7 45.5 46.2 57.8 59.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,141 8,538 7,068 7,355 1,073 1,182

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 46.6 43.8 45.1 55.9 58.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 207 267 175 35 32

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.3 3.2 2.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,594 9,591 8,784 8,776 810 816

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,625 4,921 3,833 4,045 792 875

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,579 3,863 3,005 3,210 574 652

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.4 78.5 78.4 79.4 72.5 74.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,466 3,791 2,905 3,151 562 639

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.0 77.0 75.8 77.9 71.0 73.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 72 100 59 12 13

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 1.9 3.3 1.8 2.1 2.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046 1,058 828 835 218 223

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,086 3,236 2,579 2,738 507 499

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,228 2,295 1,913 1,973 314 322

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.2 70.9 74.2 72.1 62.0 64.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,154 2,248 1,850 1,933 304 315

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 69.5 71.7 70.6 59.9 63.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 47 63 40 10 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.0 3.3 2.0 3.3 2.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 941 666 765 193 177

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,391 6,202 6,166 5,955 225 247

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,017 901 964 843 54 58

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 14.5 15.6 14.2 23.9 23.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975 857 926 799 49 58

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 13.8 15.0 13.4 21.6 23.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 44 38 44 5 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.9 3.9 5.3 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,374 5,301 5,202 5,112 171 189

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,935 3,977 3,541 3,568 394 409

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,620 1,686 1,454 1,504 166 182

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 42.4 41.1 42.2 42.1 44.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,546 1,642 1,388 1,472 158 170

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.3 41.3 39.2 41.3 40.1 41.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 44 66 32 8 12

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 2.6 4.5 2.1 4.7 6.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,315 2,291 2,087 2,064 228 227

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234,885 236,620 106,117 107,727 128,768 128,893

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,808 153,429 77,539 78,796 73,269 74,634

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 64.8 73.1 73.1 56.9 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,825 147,631 73,517 75,961 69,308 71,670

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.8 62.4 69.3 70.5 53.8 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,983 5,799 4,023 2,835 3,961 2,963

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 3.8 5.2 3.6 5.4 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,077 83,190 28,578 28,931 55,499 54,260

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 31,258 32,316 230,353 231,868

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,738 7,283 155,050 157,687

Participation rate..................................................................... 21.6 22.5 67.3 68.0

Employed............................................................................. 6,004 6,721 147,228 151,993

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.2 20.8 63.9 65.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 734 562 7,823 5,694

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.9 7.7 5.0 3.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,520 25,033 75,303 74,180

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,938 2,962 77,166 78,559

Participation rate..................................................................... 38.3 37.5 82.5 82.8

Employed............................................................................. 2,587 2,725 73,364 75,850

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 33.7 34.5 78.5 80.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 351 237 3,802 2,708

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.0 8.0 4.9 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,738 4,944 16,326 16,293

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,633 3,101 68,393 69,489

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.0 37.8 71.2 72.2

Employed............................................................................. 2,345 2,858 64,775 66,773

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.4 34.8 67.5 69.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 289 243 3,617 2,716

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.0 7.8 5.3 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,347 5,107 27,631 26,744

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,166 1,220 9,491 9,640

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.5 7.5 23.2 23.6

Employed............................................................................. 1,073 1,138 9,088 9,370

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.9 7.0 22.3 23.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 94 82 403 269

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.0 6.7 4.2 2.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,435 14,982 31,345 31,143

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,890 44,860 20,760 21,778 22,129 23,082

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,916 29,817 16,072 17,034 11,845 12,783

Participation rate.................................................. 65.1 66.5 77.4 78.2 53.5 55.4

Employed.......................................................... 26,453 28,654 15,285 16,438 11,168 12,216

Employment-population ratio................................. 61.7 63.9 73.6 75.5 50.5 52.9

Unemployed....................................................... 1,464 1,163 787 596 677 567

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.2 3.9 4.9 3.5 5.7 4.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,973 15,043 4,688 4,744 10,285 10,299

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 218,721 219,324 105,810 106,944 112,912 112,380

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,872 135,153 70,002 70,616 63,870 64,538

Participation rate.................................................. 61.2 61.6 66.2 66.0 56.6 57.4

Employed.......................................................... 126,779 130,060 66,385 68,066 60,394 61,994

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.0 59.3 62.7 63.6 53.5 55.2

Unemployed....................................................... 7,092 5,093 3,617 2,549 3,475 2,544

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.3 3.8 5.2 3.6 5.4 3.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 84,850 84,170 35,808 36,328 49,042 47,842

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,385 2,562 2,207 2,307 2,349 2,355 2,308 2,429 2,178

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,606 1,724 1,503 1,575 1,505 1,553 1,520 1,621 1,491

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 744 785 671 712 800 776 747 752 645

Unpaid family workers........................... 34 53 32 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 150,847 156,505 156,507 151,146 155,729 156,183 156,114 156,002 156,931

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 141,181 147,354 147,362 141,225 146,638 146,455 146,346 146,627 147,397

Government..................................... 20,277 20,462 20,744 20,762 20,948 20,885 20,601 21,272 21,220

Private industries............................... 120,904 126,892 126,618 120,347 125,371 125,619 125,767 125,421 126,111

Private households.......................... 733 729 777 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 120,171 126,163 125,840 119,652 124,658 124,955 125,210 124,799 125,441

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,607 9,108 9,081 9,496 9,086 9,291 9,255 8,971 8,985

Unpaid family workers........................... 60 43 64 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,385 4,084 4,060 4,481 4,033 4,328 3,621 3,924 4,149

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,087 2,726 2,673 3,187 2,647 2,996 2,366 2,697 2,769

Could only find part-time work.................. 958 938 932 1,017 1,071 999 914 910 979

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,871 19,792 19,618 20,330 20,826 20,806 20,602 21,103 21,044

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,309 4,067 3,996 4,395 3,996 4,235 3,694 3,888 4,075

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,029 2,715 2,630 3,131 2,617 2,927 2,345 2,676 2,727

Could only find part-time work.................. 943 933 914 1,006 1,064 988 912 909 966

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,557 19,367 19,333 19,986 20,435 20,438 20,180 20,675 20,710

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,232 159,067 158,714 153,167 158,105 158,426 158,111 158,290 158,732

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,702 6,557 6,247 5,297 5,601 5,571 5,558 5,415 5,778

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,266 2,557 2,546 2,006 2,316 2,194 2,114 2,076 2,255

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,436 4,000 3,701 3,248 3,307 3,396 3,443 3,343 3,485

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,530 152,510 152,468 147,870 152,504 152,855 152,554 152,875 152,953

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,462 14,435 13,864 13,265 13,673 13,768 13,852 13,902 13,670

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,068 138,075 138,604 134,693 138,737 139,047 138,603 138,969 139,259

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,881 101,049 101,645 98,298 101,605 101,734 101,495 101,686 102,053

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,575 35,190 35,362 34,753 35,472 35,569 35,437 35,436 35,555

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,828 34,422 34,592 32,919 34,612 34,675 34,508 34,616 34,694

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,479 31,436 31,691 30,626 31,522 31,490 31,550 31,634 31,804

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,186 37,027 36,959 36,395 37,132 37,313 37,108 37,283 37,206

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,670 84,953 84,504 81,102 84,089 84,218 84,061 83,891 84,045

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,887 3,343 3,103 2,622 2,754 2,795 2,819 2,726 2,820

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,085 1,241 1,188 940 1,097 1,054 1,046 988 1,036

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,802 2,102 1,915 1,653 1,662 1,748 1,769 1,742 1,761

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,783 81,610 81,401 78,480 81,334 81,422 81,242 81,164 81,225

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,982 7,390 7,096 6,793 6,958 7,009 7,081 7,022 6,900

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,801 74,221 74,305 71,699 74,340 74,406 74,052 74,151 74,233

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,406 54,256 54,246 52,342 54,259 54,258 54,161 54,190 54,193

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,523 18,715 18,731 18,539 18,851 18,830 18,842 18,740 18,767

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,741 18,685 18,700 17,693 18,605 18,628 18,492 18,631 18,651

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,142 16,855 16,816 16,110 16,803 16,800 16,828 16,819 16,776

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,395 19,965 20,059 19,357 20,081 20,147 19,890 19,961 20,040

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,562 74,114 74,210 72,065 74,017 74,208 74,050 74,399 74,687

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,816 3,214 3,143 2,675 2,847 2,776 2,739 2,689 2,958

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,181 1,316 1,358 1,066 1,219 1,140 1,067 1,088 1,219

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,635 1,897 1,786 1,595 1,645 1,648 1,674 1,601 1,724

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,746 70,900 71,067 69,390 71,170 71,432 71,311 71,710 71,729

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,480 7,046 6,768 6,472 6,715 6,759 6,771 6,880 6,770

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,266 63,854 64,299 62,993 64,397 64,641 64,551 64,818 65,026

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,476 46,793 47,399 45,956 47,346 47,475 47,334 47,496 47,860

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,052 16,475 16,631 16,215 16,621 16,739 16,595 16,696 16,789

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,087 15,737 15,892 15,225 16,007 16,047 16,016 15,986 16,044

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,337 14,581 14,876 14,516 14,718 14,690 14,722 14,814 15,028

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,791 17,061 16,900 17,038 17,051 17,165 17,218 17,322 17,165

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,637 45,240 45,365 43,681 45,259 45,306 45,222 45,449 45,422

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,485 36,203 36,249 35,068 35,999 36,356 36,526 36,954 36,828

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,642 9,852 9,918 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,664 133,844 133,630 127,340 132,067 132,800 132,648 132,577 132,335

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,568 25,223 25,085 25,739 26,091 25,766 25,440 25,824 26,237

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,783 7,572 7,485 7,035 7,539 7,302 7,541 7,633 7,747

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,091 6,643 6,672 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,351 9,893 9,752 10,207 9,886 10,067 10,002 9,723 9,629

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Aug.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 8,339 5,670 6,014 5.2 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 675 700 669 11.3 10.2 10.4 11.0 11.5 10.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 259 237 243 11.4 8.8 10.2 11.2 10.3 9.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 409 459 426 11.2 11.8 10.4 10.2 12.1 10.9

20 years and over................................ 7,664 4,970 5,345 4.9 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,341 943 1,021 9.2 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.4 6.9

25 years and over.............................. 6,317 4,021 4,301 4.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 4,828 3,041 3,280 4.7 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 2,038 1,279 1,377 5.5 4.0 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.7

35 to 44 years............................. 1,500 976 1,036 4.4 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 1,291 786 867 4.0 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.7

55 years and over........................... 1,481 948 1,015 3.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.7

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,554 3,046 3,290 5.3 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 363 353 356 12.1 10.6 10.3 11.2 11.5 11.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 114 94 134 10.8 9.8 8.8 11.2 8.7 11.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 246 256 223 12.9 12.1 11.4 9.8 12.8 11.2

20 years and over................................ 4,192 2,692 2,934 5.1 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 709 551 608 9.4 8.1 7.0 7.6 7.3 8.1

25 years and over.............................. 3,480 2,130 2,296 4.6 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 2,673 1,620 1,743 4.9 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 1,139 649 712 5.8 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.7

35 to 44 years............................. 831 547 574 4.5 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 703 424 457 4.2 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.7

55 years and over........................... 807 510 553 4.0 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.7

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,784 2,625 2,724 5.0 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 312 347 313 10.4 9.8 10.4 10.8 11.4 9.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 145 143 109 11.9 7.8 11.4 11.1 11.6 8.2

18 to 19 years.................................. 163 204 203 9.3 11.5 9.4 10.6 11.3 10.5

20 years and over................................ 3,472 2,278 2,411 4.8 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 632 393 412 8.9 5.7 6.4 6.0 5.4 5.7

25 years and over.............................. 2,837 1,891 2,004 4.3 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 2,155 1,421 1,537 4.5 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 898 630 665 5.2 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.8

35 to 44 years............................. 668 429 462 4.2 3.0 3.0 3.6 2.6 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 588 362 410 3.9 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.7

55 years and over........................... 661 417 450 3.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,428 822 934 3.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,037 806 796 2.9 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1

Women who maintain families2.................... 828 482 533 7.9 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.7 5.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 6,951 4,555 4,938 5.2 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,420 1,131 1,112 5.2 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.1

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4,547 2,776 2,871 4,441 2,839 2,736 2,645 2,547 2,720

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,283 1,037 866 1,206 853 810 827 791 782

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 3,264 1,739 2,005 3,234 1,987 1,927 1,818 1,756 1,938

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,545 1,185 1,427 2,509 1,386 1,386 1,273 1,166 1,354

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 719 554 578 725 601 541 545 589 584

Job leavers........................................... 905 880 983 830 793 764 832 842 898

Reentrants............................................ 2,514 1,938 1,891 2,446 1,882 1,943 1,990 1,826 1,836

New entrants......................................... 590 661 511 514 515 535 464 460 440

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 53.1 44.4 45.9 54.0 47.1 45.8 44.6 44.9 46.2

On temporary layoff.............................. 15.0 16.6 13.8 14.7 14.1 13.5 13.9 13.9 13.3

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 38.1 27.8 32.0 39.3 33.0 32.2 30.7 30.9 32.9

Job leavers........................................... 10.6 14.1 15.7 10.1 13.1 12.8 14.0 14.8 15.2

Reentrants............................................ 29.4 31.0 30.2 29.7 31.2 32.5 33.6 32.2 31.2

New entrants......................................... 6.9 10.6 8.2 6.2 8.5 8.9 7.8 8.1 7.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.8 1.7 1.7 2.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

Job leavers........................................... 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,051 2,373 2,162 2,110 2,227 2,066 2,262 2,080 2,223

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,269 2,179 2,175 1,927 1,617 1,767 1,552 1,772 1,807

15 weeks and over.................................. 4,236 1,703 1,919 4,353 2,033 2,017 2,089 1,785 2,022

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,042 557 683 1,248 551 661 753 718 885

27 weeks and over............................... 3,195 1,145 1,236 3,105 1,483 1,356 1,336 1,067 1,137

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 29.2 21.0 22.1 29.4 25.0 22.5 22.3 22.1 22.3

Median duration, in weeks......................... 14.3 7.5 8.6 14.2 7.5 9.6 8.5 8.5 8.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 24.0 37.9 34.6 25.1 37.9 35.3 38.3 36.9 36.7

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 26.5 34.8 34.8 23.0 27.5 30.2 26.3 31.4 29.9

15 weeks and over.................................. 49.5 27.2 30.7 51.9 34.6 34.5 35.4 31.7 33.4

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 12.2 8.9 10.9 14.9 9.4 11.3 12.8 12.7 14.6

27 weeks and over............................... 37.3 18.3 19.8 37.0 25.2 23.2 22.6 18.9 18.8

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 153,232 158,714 8,556 6,256 5.3 3.8

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 64,122 68,377 2,123 1,647 3.2 2.4

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 28,160 30,109 849 533 2.9 1.7

Professional and related occupations.......................... 35,961 38,268 1,274 1,113 3.4 2.8

Service occupations................................................ 24,940 25,675 2,008 1,331 7.5 4.9

Sales and office occupations...................................... 29,671 29,998 1,604 1,133 5.1 3.6

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,277 14,112 832 585 5.5 4.0

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,394 15,886 772 549 4.8 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,588 14,226 723 602 4.7 4.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,146 1,037 74 84 6.1 7.5

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,330 8,312 480 430 5.4 4.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,113 4,877 169 88 3.2 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 19,911 20,438 1,490 1,014 7.0 4.7

Production occupations.......................................... 8,231 8,486 442 367 5.1 4.1

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,679 11,952 1,048 646 8.2 5.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 8,556 6,256 5.3 3.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 6,572 4,786 5.2 3.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 70 16 10.2 2.6

Construction.......................................................................... 448 401 4.6 3.9

Manufacturing........................................................................ 536 515 3.6 3.3

Durable goods..................................................................... 309 278 3.3 2.8

Nondurable goods................................................................ 227 237 4.2 4.1

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,210 724 6.1 3.7

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 481 349 5.9 4.3

Information............................................................................ 109 84 4.4 3.2

Financial activities................................................................... 320 181 3.2 1.8

Professional and business services............................................... 824 688 4.6 3.5

Education and health services..................................................... 1,047 760 4.3 3.1

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,201 839 9.1 6.1

Other services........................................................................ 327 231 5.0 3.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 94 105 5.7 6.7

Government workers................................................................... 764 591 3.6 2.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 535 263 4.9 2.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2021

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.6 1.0 1.2 2.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.8 1.7 1.7 2.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.3 3.8 3.8 5.2 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.5 4.1 4.0 5.4 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.9

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.2 4.7 4.6 6.1 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 8.9 7.2 7.0 8.8 7.0 7.1 6.7 6.7 7.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2021

Aug.

2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 99,823 99,213 40,496 41,072 59,327 58,141

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,810 5,633 2,518 2,572 3,293 3,061

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,558 1,412 819 757 739 655

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 367 337 227 209 140 128

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,191 1,074 592 548 599 526

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,783 7,485 3,439 3,709 3,344 3,776

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.4 4.7 4.2 4.4 4.7 5.1

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,846 4,237 2,094 2,307 1,753 1,930

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,489 1,573 586 515 903 1,057

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 325 440 173 255 152 186

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,045 1,157 550 595 495 562

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Change

from:

July2022 -

Aug.2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,947 152,607 152,263 152,572 146,904 151,903 152,429 152,744 315

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,653 130,567 131,117 131,174 124,808 129,725 130,202 130,510 308

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,650 21,358 21,450 21,484 20,362 21,090 21,156 21,201 45

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580 633 641 648 574 628 634 641 7

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 45.0 46.0 47.1 46.6 45.0 45.0 45.2 0.2

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531.8 587.7 595.2 600.4 527.7 582.9 589.1 595.5 6.4

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.6 141.0 142.9 141.9 118.7 139.6 141.2 141.0 -0.2

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.0 182.9 184.0 182.9 175.9 179.6 180.0 179.3 -0.7

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.5 38.1 38.1 37.6 36.8 38.1 38.3 37.7 -0.6

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 43.9 44.0 43.8 41.2 43.2 43.3 43.4 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.9 100.9 101.9 101.5 97.8 98.3 98.5 98.1 -0.4

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.2 263.8 268.3 275.6 233.1 263.7 267.9 275.2 7.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,616 7,852 7,911 7,920 7,397 7,668 7,692 7,708 16

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,683.6 1,737.4 1,751.3 1,752.4 1,644.3 1,706.8 1,712.0 1,715.0 3.0

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883.1 913.7 921.5 921.7 864.6 898.9 901.3 903.6 2.3

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800.5 823.7 829.8 830.7 779.7 807.9 810.7 811.4 0.7

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,082.4 1,119.6 1,127.2 1,127.0 1,028.4 1,076.2 1,078.4 1,076.4 -2.0

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,849.5 4,994.7 5,032.7 5,041.0 4,724.6 4,885.3 4,902.0 4,916.2 14.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,239.7 2,305.1 2,316.4 2,322.6 2,193.2 2,256.4 2,264.3 2,272.9 8.6

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,609.8 2,689.6 2,716.3 2,718.4 2,531.4 2,628.9 2,637.7 2,643.3 5.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,454 12,873 12,898 12,916 12,391 12,794 12,830 12,852 22

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,735 7,991 7,992 8,011 7,710 7,937 7,966 7,985 19

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.2 433.0 433.6 433.2 413.3 431.7 432.4 432.3 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.6 419.4 420.0 422.7 403.0 411.8 412.9 415.7 2.8

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.7 361.3 362.6 364.5 352.5 361.0 363.0 364.4 1.4

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,390.2 1,445.0 1,449.0 1,448.4 1,386.3 1,436.2 1,440.8 1,445.5 4.7

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,062.8 1,103.2 1,105.2 1,102.4 1,060.8 1,093.7 1,097.0 1,099.8 2.8

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,063.0 1,089.3 1,093.1 1,096.6 1,059.5 1,083.3 1,087.2 1,091.7 4.5

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 158.5 162.9 163.8 164.8 157.9 162.2 163.0 163.9 0.9

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.1 85.5 85.8 84.3 85.1 84.8 85.1 84.3 -0.8

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.3 385.5 389.6 391.4 369.1 382.8 386.3 389.4 3.1

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.2 422.9 421.8 423.9 417.2 421.7 421.1 422.5 1.4

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.9 32.5 32.1 32.2 30.3 31.9 31.7 31.6 -0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 397.4 413.7 412.3 410.2 396.5 409.4 409.1 409.9 0.8

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,654.2 1,698.8 1,687.7 1,708.3 1,651.2 1,688.5 1,701.1 1,703.5 2.4

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970.6 997.3 984.1 1,001.9 961.0 990.6 994.2 992.3 -1.9

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376.5 386.2 384.3 381.6 375.4 384.2 382.5 381.8 -0.7

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614.8 641.3 644.2 643.4 611.7 637.1 640.1 640.7 0.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,719 4,882 4,906 4,905 4,681 4,857 4,864 4,867 3

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,654.9 1,702.8 1,721.0 1,721.0 1,632.1 1,699.0 1,700.6 1,698.2 -2.4

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.4 101.5 100.5 100.1 98.8 100.7 100.1 99.7 -0.4

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.5 105.0 105.0 103.1 104.2 105.0 105.1 104.1 -1.0

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 96.4 95.7 98.4 91.2 96.0 96.2 97.4 1.2

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.9 361.6 359.4 357.9 347.0 360.4 359.3 358.6 -0.7

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 367.8 377.4 379.2 380.1 367.2 376.6 378.2 379.3 1.1

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.3 109.9 110.9 111.8 105.0 108.1 108.4 109.2 0.8

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872.0 904.2 908.1 908.2 870.0 899.4 902.3 905.8 3.5

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731.6 755.2 755.0 754.5 732.6 753.7 755.1 756.0 0.9

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.1 367.6 370.9 370.0 332.7 358.4 358.5 358.9 0.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,003 109,209 109,667 109,690 104,446 108,635 109,046 109,309 263

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,642 28,643 28,644 28,637 27,807 28,704 28,773 28,838 65

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,714.0 5,902.0 5,916.5 5,913.5 5,699.2 5,866.0 5,881.1 5,896.2 15.1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,139.0 3,248.9 3,258.6 3,255.4 3,131.0 3,229.8 3,239.6 3,247.5 7.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,091.1 2,152.6 2,155.1 2,154.0 2,083.2 2,135.9 2,140.0 2,146.0 6.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Change

from:

July2022 -

Aug.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.9 500.5 502.8 504.1 485.0 500.3 501.5 502.7 1.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,376.0 15,775.4 15,795.4 15,772.9 15,434.7 15,783.9 15,813.0 15,857.0 44.0

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,957.0 1,985.0 1,983.7 1,986.6 1,943.5 1,970.9 1,970.6 1,972.9 2.3

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,229.3 1,240.1 1,237.0 1,240.7 1,223.9 1,235.8 1,233.7 1,235.7 2.0

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.6 179.8 180.4 177.4 170.6 170.2 171.1 170.3 -0.8

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 550.1 565.1 566.3 568.5 548.9 564.9 565.7 566.9 1.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 437.9 433.1 431.0 426.1 443.9 437.1 436.1 433.5 -2.6

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 415.3 425.5 421.9 421.3 423.2 435.1 434.0 432.8 -1.2

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397.4 1,459.6 1,432.2 1,408.3 1,391.5 1,392.2 1,394.4 1,401.2 6.8

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,121.4 3,182.4 3,203.1 3,211.8 3,123.0 3,174.1 3,188.8 3,203.4 14.6

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016.7 1,050.4 1,048.7 1,059.7 1,026.1 1,058.6 1,060.4 1,070.4 10.0

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960.6 979.5 984.8 988.5 944.5 970.3 971.5 972.5 1.0

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,048.6 1,078.9 1,080.7 1,084.2 1,046.9 1,082.7 1,079.2 1,082.1 2.9

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538.2 531.2 534.3 529.0 539.4 536.6 535.7 531.8 -3.9

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,017.8 3,141.5 3,154.1 3,147.2 3,091.5 3,224.3 3,234.5 3,249.6 15.1

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909.6 931.8 938.2 939.0 944.4 968.5 970.4 974.5 4.1

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,108.2 2,209.7 2,215.9 2,208.2 2,147.1 2,255.8 2,264.1 2,275.1 11.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828.8 867.5 877.9 868.8 820.0 852.0 858.9 857.9 -1.0

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636.3 640.8 643.0 641.4 641.2 650.0 648.9 648.9 0.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,011.0 6,423.3 6,387.1 6,407.4 6,133.3 6,513.6 6,538.2 6,543.0 4.8

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.5 561.1 567.9 567.7 485.5 555.6 562.6 564.8 2.2

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.0 146.8 146.4 146.4 146.1 146.6 146.6 146.4 -0.2

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 62.8 65.3 65.2 56.0 61.0 62.2 63.0 0.8

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,536.8 1,597.5 1,607.5 1,612.2 1,524.4 1,590.7 1,594.7 1,595.5 0.8

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320.9 392.9 354.4 351.5 382.4 403.7 414.0 411.5 -2.5

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.2 49.8 49.9 49.6 50.1 49.6 49.7 49.5 -0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 30.1 34.6 36.1 36.2 23.6 28.6 29.3 29.7 0.4

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 729.6 771.0 775.5 783.7 727.7 774.2 778.4 782.8 4.4

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,014.4 1,046.8 1,032.5 1,044.8 1,071.9 1,112.5 1,111.6 1,116.9 5.3

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,636.6 1,760.0 1,751.6 1,750.1 1,665.6 1,791.1 1,789.1 1,782.9 -6.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540.8 542.3 545.2 543.0 539.8 540.0 541.0 541.6 0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,884 3,031 3,056 3,055 2,866 3,009 3,025 3,032 7

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 798.8 839.2 843.1 843.7 795.4 832.1 835.3 838.9 3.6

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.6 448.0 453.7 446.8 388.2 440.0 438.6 435.3 -3.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234.2 235.8 233.2 235.8 235.8 235.6 235.9 236.5 0.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662.3 664.8 670.1 669.1 664.6 665.4 668.5 668.9 0.4

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.7 421.1 424.8 425.2 397.8 419.0 422.4 425.6 3.2

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.3 421.8 431.0 434.2 384.3 417.2 424.2 427.2 3.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,838 8,993 9,028 9,034 8,781 8,951 8,964 8,981 17

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,530.3 6,605.8 6,629.5 6,634.2 6,513.4 6,595.7 6,606.4 6,617.3 10.9

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 21.0 21.0 21.4 21.1 20.9 20.9 21.1 21.0 -0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,712.9 2,710.5 2,712.0 2,714.9 2,703.8 2,705.3 2,705.8 2,707.9 2.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,742.8 1,738.1 1,746.9 1,748.4 1,736.2 1,731.8 1,737.6 1,741.2 3.6

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,359.2 1,341.1 1,348.2 1,347.7 1,353.1 1,335.7 1,339.8 1,341.1 1.3

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 635.9 635.8 632.8 632.7 633.9 637.2 634.7 632.3 -2.4

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 334.2 336.6 332.3 333.8 333.7 336.3 333.5 334.4 0.9

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 1,001.7 1,034.4 1,053.3 1,053.8 992.6 1,031.8 1,039.4 1,042.9 3.5

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,794.7 2,839.9 2,842.8 2,844.4 2,796.1 2,837.7 2,840.1 2,845.5 5.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,307.8 2,387.5 2,398.0 2,399.7 2,268.0 2,355.4 2,357.4 2,363.3 5.9

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777.8 1,818.7 1,824.6 1,823.8 1,756.1 1,803.5 1,803.1 1,805.3 2.2

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509.2 547.8 552.5 555.1 491.5 531.3 533.7 537.5 3.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Change

from:

July2022 -

Aug.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 20.8 21.0 20.9 20.8 20.4 20.6 20.6 20.5 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,429 22,313 22,416 22,494 21,309 22,289 22,373 22,441 68

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,957.8 10,436.4 10,529.1 10,541.2 9,957.2 10,454.0 10,497.0 10,537.9 40.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,156.8 1,196.2 1,199.8 1,177.5 1,157.2 1,183.9 1,188.2 1,179.3 -8.9

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,013.7 1,071.7 1,074.6 1,066.4 1,063.4 1,110.3 1,110.5 1,112.2 1.7

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,573.5 1,647.2 1,668.5 1,674.6 1,555.1 1,632.1 1,644.3 1,653.8 9.5

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.5 154.7 155.1 155.8 144.3 154.1 155.2 155.2 0.0

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,331.3 2,423.4 2,439.8 2,457.2 2,317.7 2,433.4 2,431.1 2,445.5 14.4

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,647.5 1,745.0 1,766.3 1,779.0 1,644.2 1,754.3 1,765.4 1,778.5 13.1

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840.4 892.4 905.6 907.2 832.7 884.1 892.0 898.0 6.0

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 449.5 485.1 489.3 488.9 448.0 482.9 486.5 487.4 0.9

Other professional and technical services. . . 800.6 820.7 830.1 834.6 794.6 818.9 823.9 827.8 3.9

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,345.6 2,396.8 2,410.9 2,402.8 2,335.6 2,382.2 2,395.0 2,393.1 -1.9

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,125.8 9,480.1 9,476.3 9,549.6 9,015.7 9,453.0 9,481.4 9,510.1 28.7

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,665.2 9,002.6 8,993.5 9,065.1 8,558.4 8,978.3 9,004.1 9,030.5 26.4

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.4 596.1 604.9 606.2 554.0 592.6 600.1 602.8 2.7

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.6 152.6 155.6 158.7 156.1 154.4 155.9 157.1 1.2

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,530.6 3,783.5 3,745.2 3,811.7 3,525.6 3,857.4 3,868.3 3,884.9 16.6

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,866.9 3,074.0 3,031.2 3,082.6 2,863.8 3,142.3 3,150.8 3,162.4 11.6

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797.2 772.4 764.8 765.7 806.5 789.4 782.5 777.8 -4.7

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.9 156.9 156.4 155.7 140.5 153.0 153.1 152.5 -0.6

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 911.8 920.3 925.8 933.3 910.7 921.9 926.2 930.4 4.2

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,261.8 2,297.5 2,315.3 2,305.4 2,159.1 2,188.8 2,193.9 2,199.8 5.9

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.9 323.3 325.5 328.4 306.0 320.8 323.9 325.2 1.3

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460.6 477.5 482.8 484.5 457.3 474.7 477.3 479.6 2.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,468 24,153 24,192 24,252 23,728 24,358 24,476 24,544 68

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,372.8 3,590.5 3,545.1 3,546.8 3,613.2 3,796.9 3,821.4 3,827.8 6.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,095.3 20,562.5 20,647.1 20,705.6 20,115.2 20,560.6 20,654.3 20,715.8 61.5

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,046.5 16,335.9 16,422.5 16,467.1 16,042.3 16,339.9 16,405.7 16,453.9 48.2

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,892.9 8,146.0 8,195.7 8,213.6 7,897.7 8,153.9 8,197.2 8,219.1 21.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,745.3 2,819.5 2,835.9 2,847.7 2,749.7 2,823.5 2,835.3 2,850.5 15.2

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002.4 1,033.4 1,045.4 1,044.1 998.9 1,032.5 1,041.4 1,041.5 0.1

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,023.4 1,078.6 1,091.5 1,094.7 1,020.4 1,078.3 1,092.1 1,093.1 1.0

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999.6 1,019.4 1,028.2 1,031.8 1,001.7 1,021.6 1,028.0 1,032.6 4.6

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 306.9 314.0 313.3 314.4 309.2 314.7 315.3 316.5 1.2

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,504.7 1,564.3 1,564.9 1,562.7 1,506.7 1,566.1 1,568.1 1,566.3 -1.8

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.6 316.8 316.5 318.2 311.0 317.0 317.0 318.6 1.6

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,133.0 5,178.4 5,197.8 5,213.9 5,129.6 5,179.8 5,193.6 5,208.3 14.7

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,020.6 3,011.5 3,029.0 3,039.6 3,015.0 3,006.2 3,014.9 3,026.5 11.6

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,369.8 1,356.2 1,362.9 1,365.2 1,367.7 1,356.2 1,357.8 1,360.1 2.3

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 602.8 605.6 609.5 612.5 602.0 604.0 606.9 611.0 4.1

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893.7 892.6 899.5 903.4 891.7 889.9 894.3 897.9 3.6

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 154.3 157.1 157.1 158.5 153.5 156.2 155.9 157.6 1.7

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,048.8 4,226.6 4,224.6 4,238.5 4,072.9 4,220.7 4,248.6 4,261.9 13.3

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,721.4 2,797.1 2,822.3 2,822.5 2,721.9 2,791.5 2,812.1 2,818.9 6.8

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 190.9 201.0 201.1 200.8 192.3 201.0 201.7 202.7 1.0

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 275.3 277.6 276.8 278.1 271.9 274.2 271.8 274.4 2.6

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861.2 950.9 924.4 937.1 886.8 953.9 963.1 965.9 2.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,172 16,317 16,545 16,449 14,453 15,642 15,737 15,768 31

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,323.3 2,562.9 2,643.2 2,582.8 2,050.2 2,295.3 2,311.2 2,319.6 8.4

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 425.3 518.8 520.0 516.3 401.5 495.9 499.6 496.6 -3.0

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.1 169.5 175.7 172.1 141.8 157.9 159.8 161.9 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Change

from:

July2022 -

Aug.2022p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,745.9 1,874.6 1,947.5 1,894.4 1,506.9 1,641.5 1,651.8 1,661.1 9.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,848.5 13,754.5 13,901.7 13,866.5 12,402.4 13,346.5 13,425.6 13,448.1 22.5

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,674.5 1,829.4 1,879.1 1,860.5 1,516.2 1,714.3 1,715.9 1,720.2 4.3

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,174.0 11,925.1 12,022.6 12,006.0 10,886.2 11,632.2 11,709.7 11,727.9 18.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,570 5,759 5,786 5,769 5,502 5,682 5,698 5,705 7

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,373.3 1,436.9 1,436.3 1,438.9 1,360.7 1,423.1 1,424.9 1,427.6 2.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,393.9 1,465.2 1,480.0 1,475.8 1,381.4 1,451.7 1,463.5 1,463.6 0.1

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,803.1 2,857.0 2,869.5 2,854.6 2,759.7 2,807.4 2,810.0 2,813.3 3.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,294 22,040 21,146 21,398 22,096 22,178 22,227 22,234 7

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,894 2,858 2,881 2,869 2,886 2,856 2,865 2,863 -2

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,294.1 2,262.9 2,277.0 2,276.4 2,282.3 2,254.7 2,261.8 2,263.1 1.3

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599.6 594.6 604.3 592.8 603.9 601.4 603.4 600.0 -3.4

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,966 4,986 4,929 4,989 5,226 5,238 5,248 5,251 3

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,290.8 2,337.8 2,275.2 2,326.1 2,560.5 2,604.2 2,607.1 2,602.6 -4.5

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,674.9 2,648.5 2,653.4 2,662.4 2,665.0 2,633.9 2,641.1 2,648.5 7.4

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,434 14,196 13,336 13,540 13,984 14,084 14,114 14,120 6

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,942.1 7,639.6 6,711.2 6,940.0 7,665.2 7,701.4 7,715.5 7,701.5 -14.0

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,492.1 6,556.2 6,624.8 6,599.7 6,319.2 6,382.3 6,398.0 6,418.8 20.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.7 34.5 34.6 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 39.9 39.9 40.0 39.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.7 46.3 46.2 46.1

Construction....................................................................... 38.8 38.7 38.8 38.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.4 40.3 40.4 40.3

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.5 40.7 40.8 40.7

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.2 39.7 39.6 39.7

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.7 33.5 33.5 33.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.0 34.2 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.1 39.0 39.1 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.7 30.1 30.3 30.1

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.4 38.4 38.4

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.9 42.2 41.7

Information......................................................................... 37.0 36.8 36.7 36.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.5 37.4 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.5 36.6 36.6 36.7

Education and health services.................................................. 33.4 33.4 33.4 33.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.3 25.7 25.7 25.6

Other services..................................................................... 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Total private............................................... $30.76 $32.11 $32.26 $32.36 $1,067.37 $1,107.80 $1,116.20 $1,116.42

Goods-producing....................................... 31.16 32.37 32.50 32.52 1,243.28 1,291.56 1,300.00 1,297.55

Mining and logging.................................. 35.25 36.22 36.74 36.90 1,575.68 1,676.99 1,697.39 1,701.09

Construction.......................................... 33.08 34.67 34.77 34.82 1,283.50 1,341.73 1,349.08 1,351.02

Manufacturing........................................ 29.86 30.83 30.95 30.95 1,206.34 1,242.45 1,250.38 1,247.29

Durable goods.................................... 31.35 32.43 32.51 32.51 1,269.68 1,319.90 1,326.41 1,323.16

Nondurable goods................................ 27.37 28.14 28.34 28.32 1,100.27 1,117.16 1,122.26 1,124.30

Private service-providing.............................. 30.66 32.05 32.21 32.32 1,033.24 1,073.68 1,079.04 1,079.49

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 26.45 27.59 27.71 27.74 909.88 938.06 947.68 943.16

Wholesale trade.................................. 33.84 34.99 35.17 35.20 1,323.14 1,364.61 1,375.15 1,372.80

Retail trade........................................ 22.01 22.87 23.02 23.04 675.71 688.39 697.51 693.50

Transportation and warehousing............... 26.57 27.97 28.03 28.10 1,028.26 1,074.05 1,076.35 1,079.04

Utilities............................................. 45.03 47.40 47.40 47.16 1,918.28 2,033.46 2,000.28 1,966.57

Information........................................... 44.30 46.22 46.41 46.95 1,639.10 1,700.90 1,703.25 1,718.37

Financial activities................................... 40.11 41.45 41.59 41.81 1,504.13 1,554.38 1,555.47 1,563.69

Professional and business services.............. 36.87 38.64 38.87 38.94 1,345.76 1,414.22 1,422.64 1,429.10

Education and health services..................... 30.25 31.73 31.93 32.04 1,010.35 1,059.78 1,066.46 1,066.93

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 18.70 20.08 20.20 20.30 491.81 516.06 519.14 519.68

Other services....................................... 27.94 28.41 28.58 28.64 899.67 914.80 920.28 922.21

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

July

2022 -

Aug.

2022p

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

July

2022 -

Aug.

2022p

Total private..................................... 108.7 112.4 113.1 113.0 -0.1 159.9 172.5 174.4 174.9 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 92.6 95.9 96.4 96.4 0.0 130.4 140.3 141.6 141.7 0.1

Mining and logging........................ 80.6 91.4 92.0 92.9 1.0 114.1 132.9 135.8 137.6 1.3

Construction................................ 98.9 102.3 102.9 103.1 0.2 142.2 154.1 155.4 156.0 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 90.1 92.8 93.2 93.2 0.0 125.1 133.0 134.2 134.1 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 87.9 90.9 91.5 91.5 0.0 122.4 131.0 132.1 132.1 0.0

Nondurable goods...................... 93.9 96.2 96.1 96.4 0.3 130.4 137.4 138.3 138.6 0.2

Private service-providing.................... 113.3 117.2 117.6 117.5 -0.1 168.9 182.5 184.1 184.7 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 104.4 106.5 107.4 107.0 -0.4 148.9 158.4 160.5 160.1 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 98.3 100.9 101.4 101.4 0.0 139.1 147.7 149.2 149.3 0.1

Retail trade.............................. 96.2 96.5 97.3 96.9 -0.4 140.0 145.8 148.0 147.6 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 136.4 143.7 144.3 144.4 0.1 184.3 204.5 205.7 206.4 0.3

Utilities.................................... 99.5 100.2 98.8 97.7 -1.1 148.0 157.0 154.7 152.3 -1.6

Information................................. 96.8 101.1 101.4 101.3 -0.1 152.8 166.4 167.5 169.4 1.1

Financial activities......................... 107.9 110.0 109.8 110.1 0.3 168.8 177.8 178.2 179.5 0.7

Professional and business services..... 122.0 127.9 128.4 129.1 0.5 182.1 200.1 202.1 203.6 0.7

Education and health services........... 129.4 132.8 133.5 133.5 0.0 188.3 202.8 205.0 205.7 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 108.5 114.7 115.4 115.2 -0.2 163.6 185.8 188.1 188.6 0.3

Other services............................. 102.1 105.5 105.8 105.9 0.1 156.4 164.3 165.7 166.3 0.4

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Total nonfarm............................................. 73,229 75,699 76,026 76,118 49.8 49.8 49.9 49.8

Total private............................................ 60,453 62,818 63,083 63,216 48.4 48.4 48.5 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,636 4,861 4,882 4,889 22.8 23.0 23.1 23.1

Mining and logging............................... 74 82 83 85 12.9 13.1 13.1 13.3

Construction....................................... 1,020 1,076 1,079 1,079 13.8 14.0 14.0 14.0

Manufacturing..................................... 3,542 3,703 3,720 3,725 28.6 28.9 29.0 29.0

Durable goods.................................. 1,880 1,967 1,979 1,982 24.4 24.8 24.8 24.8

Nondurable goods............................. 1,662 1,736 1,741 1,743 35.5 35.7 35.8 35.8

Private service-providing........................... 55,817 57,957 58,201 58,327 53.4 53.4 53.4 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,972 11,419 11,461 11,493 39.5 39.8 39.8 39.9

Wholesale trade................................ 1,724.4 1,797.6 1,803.2 1,805.9 30.3 30.6 30.7 30.6

Retail trade..................................... 7,513.1 7,724.8 7,747.0 7,764.1 48.7 48.9 49.0 49.0

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,598.9 1,759.8 1,772.6 1,784.9 26.1 27.0 27.1 27.3

Utilities........................................... 135.1 136.8 137.7 138.2 25.0 25.3 25.5 25.5

Information......................................... 1,134 1,206 1,208 1,213 39.6 40.1 39.9 40.0

Financial activities................................ 4,938 4,994 5,000 5,001 56.2 55.8 55.8 55.7

Professional and business services............ 9,869 10,289 10,314 10,329 46.3 46.2 46.1 46.0

Education and health services.................. 18,328 18,748 18,867 18,915 77.2 77.0 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,658 8,285 8,317 8,334 53.0 53.0 52.8 52.9

Other services..................................... 2,918 3,016 3,034 3,042 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3

Government............................................. 12,776 12,881 12,943 12,902 57.8 58.1 58.2 58.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Total private............................................................................... 101,731 105,691 106,112 106,367

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,515 15,122 15,167 15,201

Mining and logging.................................................................. 428 471 475 480

Construction.......................................................................... 5,461 5,668 5,688 5,699

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,626 8,983 9,004 9,022

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,295 5,496 5,510 5,534

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,331 3,487 3,494 3,488

Private service-providing.............................................................. 87,216 90,569 90,945 91,166

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,495 24,214 24,279 24,341

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,530.8 4,667.4 4,673.8 4,678.2

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,195.6 13,443.9 13,481.9 13,516.0

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,339.5 5,669.7 5,689.2 5,712.1

Utilities.............................................................................. 429.2 432.7 434.1 434.5

Information............................................................................ 2,281 2,401 2,418 2,420

Financial activities................................................................... 6,623 6,736 6,751 6,762

Professional and business services............................................... 17,207 17,813 17,899 17,956

Education and health services..................................................... 20,723 21,192 21,281 21,304

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 12,410 13,594 13,678 13,739

Other services........................................................................ 4,477 4,619 4,639 4,644

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.2 34.0 34.0 33.9

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.8 40.6 40.7 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.2 48.1 48.1 47.1

Construction....................................................................... 39.4 39.5 39.6 39.5

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.4 41.0 41.1 40.9

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.4 41.3 41.5 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.3 40.5 40.4 40.3

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.1 32.9 32.9 32.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.3 34.0 34.0 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 39.1 39.2 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.7 30.4 30.3 30.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.5 37.8 37.8 37.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 43.0 42.4 42.3

Information......................................................................... 36.9 36.3 36.3 36.2

Financial activities................................................................ 37.3 37.4 37.4 37.3

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 24.6 24.5 24.4

Other services..................................................................... 31.2 31.2 31.2 31.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Total private............................................... $26.10 $27.45 $27.58 $27.68 $892.62 $933.30 $937.72 $938.35

Goods-producing....................................... 26.73 27.91 28.03 28.15 1,090.58 1,133.15 1,140.82 1,140.08

Mining and logging.................................. 31.54 32.83 33.10 33.51 1,457.15 1,579.12 1,592.11 1,578.32

Construction.......................................... 30.76 32.27 32.40 32.57 1,211.94 1,274.67 1,283.04 1,286.52

Manufacturing........................................ 24.03 24.96 25.06 25.13 994.84 1,023.36 1,029.97 1,027.82

Durable goods.................................... 25.03 26.15 26.21 26.32 1,036.24 1,080.00 1,087.72 1,084.38

Nondurable goods................................ 22.44 23.04 23.21 23.19 926.77 933.12 937.68 934.56

Private service-providing.............................. 25.97 27.36 27.49 27.58 859.61 900.14 904.42 904.62

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.56 23.87 23.98 24.06 773.81 811.58 815.32 815.63

Wholesale trade.................................. 27.91 29.10 29.33 29.39 1,085.70 1,137.81 1,149.74 1,146.21

Retail trade........................................ 18.61 19.49 19.60 19.65 571.33 592.50 593.88 593.43

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.21 26.20 26.16 26.36 932.09 990.36 988.85 993.77

Utilities............................................. 40.14 42.14 42.27 41.95 1,709.96 1,812.02 1,792.25 1,774.49

Information........................................... 36.62 37.65 37.76 38.13 1,351.28 1,366.70 1,370.69 1,380.31

Financial activities................................... 30.51 32.24 32.47 32.45 1,138.02 1,205.78 1,214.38 1,210.39

Professional and business services.............. 30.82 32.53 32.64 32.71 1,115.68 1,180.84 1,188.10 1,190.64

Education and health services..................... 27.38 28.83 28.99 29.11 892.59 942.74 947.97 951.90

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.49 17.78 17.81 17.92 412.25 437.39 436.35 437.25

Other services....................................... 23.86 24.42 24.65 24.58 744.43 761.90 769.08 766.90

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

July

2022 -

Aug.

2022p

Aug.

2021

June

2022

July

2022p

Aug.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

July

2022 -

Aug.

2022p

Total private..................................... 115.9 119.7 120.2 120.2 0.0 202.2 219.7 221.6 222.3 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 90.5 93.8 94.3 94.1 -0.2 148.1 160.3 161.9 162.2 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 105.1 120.4 121.4 120.1 -1.1 192.8 229.9 233.7 234.1 0.2

Construction................................ 107.7 112.1 112.8 112.7 -0.1 178.9 195.3 197.3 198.2 0.5

Manufacturing.............................. 82.0 84.5 85.0 84.7 -0.4 128.8 138.0 139.2 139.2 0.0

Durable goods........................... 82.4 85.3 85.9 85.7 -0.2 128.7 139.2 140.6 140.7 0.1

Nondurable goods...................... 81.1 83.2 83.2 82.8 -0.5 128.5 135.5 136.4 135.7 -0.5

Private service-providing.................... 123.0 127.0 127.5 127.4 -0.1 219.1 238.3 240.4 241.0 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 112.7 115.1 115.4 115.4 0.0 181.7 196.4 197.8 198.4 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 104.6 108.3 108.7 108.3 -0.4 172.3 186.0 188.2 187.8 -0.2

Retail trade.............................. 102.5 103.4 103.4 103.3 -0.1 163.5 172.7 173.6 173.9 0.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 155.6 162.2 162.8 163.0 0.1 239.7 270.5 271.0 273.4 0.9

Utilities.................................... 93.5 95.2 94.1 94.0 -0.1 156.7 167.4 166.1 164.6 -0.9

Information................................. 96.1 99.5 100.2 100.0 -0.2 174.2 185.4 187.3 188.7 0.7

Financial activities......................... 116.3 118.6 118.8 118.7 -0.1 218.2 235.2 237.4 237.0 -0.2

Professional and business services..... 139.3 144.6 145.7 146.1 0.3 255.3 279.7 282.8 284.3 0.5

Education and health services........... 144.0 147.8 148.4 148.5 0.1 260.3 281.2 283.9 285.4 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 113.6 122.5 122.7 122.8 0.1 212.8 247.3 248.3 249.9 0.6

Other services............................. 98.0 101.1 101.5 101.6 0.1 170.3 179.8 182.3 182.0 -0.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.