OS NR 12/17/97 News Release:  Workplace injuries and illnesses in 1996 

Technical information:  (202) 606-6179          USDL 97-453
Media information:      (202) 606-5902          For release:  10 A.M. EST
Internet address:                               Wednesday, December 17, 1997
           http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm           

                 WORKPLACE INJURIES AND ILLNESSES IN 1996

A total of 6.2 million injuries and illnesses were reported in private industry
workplaces during 1996, resulting in a rate of 7.4 cases per 100 equivalent 
full-time workers, according to a survey by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 
U.S. Department of Labor.  Employers reported a 5 percent decrease in the number 
of cases and a 3 percent increase in hours worked compared with 1995, reducing 
the case rate from 8.1 in 1995 to 7.4 in 1996.  The rate for 1996 was the lowest 
on record since the Bureau began reporting this information in the early 1970s.  
(See "Background of the Survey" for a discussion of the factors that can 
influence rate changes from one survey to the next.)

The following tabulation on incidence rates for injuries and illnesses shows the 
decline in rates per 100 full-time workers since 1992:


                        1992    1993     1994    1995     1996

  Private industry       8.9     8.5      8.4     8.1      7.4
    Goods-producing     12.4    11.9     11.9    11.2     10.2
    Service-producing    7.3     7.1      6.9     6.7      6.2

Among goods-producing industries, manufacturing had the highest incidence rate 
in 1996 (10.6 cases per 100 full-time workers), followed by construction 
(9.9 cases per 100 full-time workers).  (See chart 1 and table 1.)  Within the 
service-producing sector, the highest incidence rate in 1996 was reported for 
transportation and public utilities (8.7 cases per 100 full-time workers), 
followed by retail and wholesale trade industries (6.8 cases per 100 workers).  

This release is the second in a series of three releases pertaining to 1996 
from the BLS safety and health statistical series. The first release, in 
August 1997, covered work-related fatalities from the 1996 National Census of 
Fatal Occupational Injuries.  In April 1998, a third release will provide 
details on the more seriously injured and ill workers (occupations, age, 
gender, race, and length of service) and on the circumstances of their 
injuries and illnesses (nature of the disabling condition, part of body 
affected, event or exposure, and primary source 

(Chart 1 appears here in the printed release.)
(Chart 2 appears here in the printed release.)

producing the disability).  "More seriously" is defined in this survey as 
involving days away from work.

Lost workday cases

About 2.8 million injuries and illnesses in 1996 were lost workday cases, that 
is, they required recuperation away from work or restricted duties at work, or 
both.  (See table 2.)  The incidence rate for lost workday cases has declined 
steadily from 4.1 cases per 100 full-time workers in 1990 to 3.4 cases per 
100 workers in 1996.  (See chart 2.)  The rate for cases with days away from 
work has declined for six years in a row and, at 2.2 cases per 100 full-time
workers in 1996, was the lowest level on record.  By contrast, the rate for 
cases involving restricted work activity only rose from 0.7 cases per 
100 workers in 1990 to 1.1 cases in 1995 and remained at that level in 1996.  
The latter types of cases may involve shortened hours, a temporary job change, 
or temporary restrictions on certain duties (e.g., no heavy lifting) of a 
worker's regular job.  They are especially evident in manufacturing, where 
the rate of restricted work activity cases (2.4 per 100 full-time workers) is 
more than double the corresponding national rate.

Injuries and Illnesses

Injuries.  Of the 6.2 million nonfatal injuries and illnesses in 1996, nearly 
5.8 million were injuries that resulted in either lost worktime, medical 
treatment other than first aid, loss of consciousness, restriction of work or 
motion, or transfer to another job.  Injury rates generally are higher for 
mid-size establishments employing 50 to 249 workers than for smaller or larger 
establishments, although this pattern does not hold within certain industry 
divisions.  (See table 3.)  Nine industries, each having at least 100,000 
injuries, accounted for about 1.8 million injuries, or 31 percent of the 
5.8 million total.  (See table 4.)

Illnesses.  There were about 439,000 newly reported cases of occupational 
illnesses in private industry in 1996.  Manufacturing accounted for three-fifths 
of these cases.  (See table 5.) Disorders associated with repeated trauma, such 
as carpal tunnel syndrome and noise-induced hearing loss, accounted for 4 percent
of the 6.2 million workplace injuries and illnesses.  They were, however, the 
dominant type of illness reported, making up 64 percent of the 439,000 total 
illness cases.  (See "Background of the Survey" for limitations on kinds of 
illnesses reported.)  The number of repeated trauma cases reported in 1996 
(281,000) was 9 percent lower than the corresponding 1995 figure (308,000) 
and 15 percent lower than the record 1994 figure (332,000).  

Background of the Survey

The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses is a Federal/State program in 
which employer reports are collected from about 165,000 private industry 
establishments and processed by state agencies cooperating with the Bureau of 
Labor Statistics.  Occupational injury and illness data for coal, metal, and 
nonmetal mining and for railroad activities were provided by the Department 
of Labor's Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Department of 
Transportation's Federal Railroad Administration.  The survey measures nonfatal 
injuries and illnesses only.  The survey excludes the self-employed; farms with 
fewer than 11 employees; private households; and employees in federal, state, 
and local government agencies.

The annual survey provides estimates of the number and frequency (incidence 
rates) of workplace injuries and illnesses based on logs kept by private industry 
employers during the year.  These records reflect not only the year's injury and 
illness experience, but also the employer's understanding of which cases are work 
related under current recordkeeping guidelines of the U.S. Department of Labor.  
The number of injuries and illnesses reported in any given year also can be 
influenced by the level of economic activity, working conditions and work 
practices, worker experience and training, and the number of hours worked.

The survey measures the number of new work-related illness cases which are 
recognized, diagnosed, and reported during the year.  Some conditions, e.g., 
long-term latent illnesses caused by exposure to carcinogens, often are difficult 
to relate to the workplace and are not adequately recognized and reported.  These 
long-term latent illnesses are believed to be understated in the survey's illness 
measures.  In contrast, the overwhelming majority of the reported new illnesses 
are those that are easier to directly relate to workplace activity (e.g., contact 
dermatitis or carpal tunnel syndrome).

Establishments are classified in industry categories based on the 1987 Standard 
Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual, as defined by the Office of Management and 
Budget.  In the trucking and warehousing and transportation by air industries, SIC 
coding changes that were introduced with the 1996 BLS Covered Employment and Wages 
program were incorporated into the estimates for the 1996 survey.  Because of these 
changes, estimates for 1996 for the following industries are not comparable to 
estimates for prior years: trucking and warehousing (SIC 42); trucking and courier 
services, excluding air (SIC 421); public warehousing and storage (SIC 422); 
trucking terminal facilities (SIC 423); transportation by air (SIC 45); air 
transportation, scheduled (SIC 451); air transportation industries, nonscheduled 
(SIC 452); transportation services (SIC 47); freight transportation arrangement 
(SIC 473); and miscellaneous transportation services (SIC 478).  In addition, the 
1996 estimates for transportation and public utilities may have more variability 
than those for prior years.

The survey estimates of occupational injuries and illnesses are based on a 
scientifically selected probability sample, rather than a census of the entire 
population.  Because the data are based on a sample survey, the injury and illness 
estimates probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from all units 
covered by the survey.  To determine the precision of each estimate, a standard 
error was calculated.  The standard error defines a range (confidence interval) 
around the estimate.  The approximate 95-percent confidence interval is the estimate
plus or minus twice the standard error.  The standard error also can be expressed as 
a percent of the estimate, or the relative standard error.  For example, the 
95-percent confidence interval for an incidence rate of 6.5 per 100 full-time workers 
with a relative standard error of 1.0 percent would be 6.5 plus or minus 2 percent 
(2 times 1.0 percent) or 6.37 to 6.63.  One can be 95 percent confident that the 
"true" incidence rate falls within the confidence interval.  The 1996 incidence rate 
for all occupational injuries and illnesses of 7.4 per 100 full-time workers in 
private industry has an estimated relative standard error of about 0.7 percent.  
A relative standard error was calculated for each estimate from the survey and will 
be published in a BLS bulletin that is scheduled to be available in 1998.

The data also are subject to nonsampling error.  The inability to obtain information 
about all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, and definition 
difficulties are examples of nonsampling error in the survey.  Nonsampling errors are 
not measured.  However, BLS has implemented quality assurance procedures to minimize 
nonsampling error in the survey.

The goods-producing sector consists of the following industry divisions:  agriculture, 
forestry, and fishing; mining; construction; and manufacturing.  The service-producing 
sector includes the following industry divisions:  transportation and public utilities; 
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.

BLS has generated estimates of injuries and illnesses combined and of 
injuries alone for nearly all 2-, 3-, and, for manufacturing, 4-digit private sector 
industries as defined in the 1987 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification 
Manual.  Because of space limitations, a complete listing of these estimates is not 
possible in this release.  The information is available from BLS staff on 
202-606-6179 or from the BLS Internet at: http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm.

Table 1.  Incidence rates(1) of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, by industry division, selected industries and case
type, 1996
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                         |        |        |                                   |                                   
                                         |        |        |       Injuries and illnesses      |              Injuries             
                                         |        |        |___________________________________|___________________________________
                                         |        |        |        |                 |        |        |                 |        
                                         |        |  1996  |        |   Lost workday  |        |        |   Lost workday  |        
                                         |        | Annual |        |      cases      |        |        |      cases      |        
              Industry (2)               |   SIC  | average|        |_________________|  Cases |        |_________________|  Cases 
                                         |code (3)| employ-|  Total |        |        | without|  Total |        |        | without
                                         |        |ment (4)|  cases |        |  With  |  lost  |  cases |        |  With  |  lost  
                                         |        | (000's)|        |  Total |  days  |workdays|        |  Total |  days  |workdays
                                         |        |        |        |   (5)  |  away  |        |        |   (5)  |  away  |        
                                         |        |        |        |        |  from  |        |        |        |  from  |        
                                         |        |        |        |        |work (6)|        |        |        |work (6)|        
_________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
Private industry (7).....................|        |98,772.9|     7.4|     3.4|     2.2|     4.1|     6.9|     3.1|     2.1|     3.8
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing (7)..|        | 1,717.4|     8.7|     3.9|     3.0|     4.8|     8.4|     3.8|     2.9|     4.6
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Agricultural production (7).............|  01-02 |   752.2|     9.4|     4.3|     3.4|     5.1|     8.9|     4.1|     3.2|     4.8
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Agricultural production-crops (7)......|      01|   579.7|     8.4|     3.8|     2.9|     4.6|     8.0|     3.7|     2.8|     4.3
  Agricultural production-livestock (7)..|      02|   172.4|    12.8|     6.0|     4.8|     6.8|    12.1|     5.7|     4.7|     6.4
  Agricultural services..................|      07|   927.6|     8.3|     3.7|     2.7|     4.7|     8.0|     3.6|     2.6|     4.5
  Forestry...............................|      08|    25.3|     6.8|     3.2|     2.5|     3.6|     6.6|     3.1|     2.5|     3.5
  Fishing, hunting, and trapping.........|      09|    12.3|     8.2|     2.7|     2.3|     5.5|     7.6|     2.5|     2.1|     5.1
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Mining (8)..............................|        |   578.3|     5.4|     3.2|     2.5|     2.2|     5.3|     3.2|     2.4|     2.1
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Metal mining (8).......................|    10  |    53.9|     5.0|     2.9|     1.7|     2.1|     4.7|     2.8|     1.6|     2.0
  Coal mining (8)........................|    12  |    97.6|     8.0|     5.8|     5.4|     2.1|     7.7|     5.7|     5.3|     2.0
  Oil and gas extraction.................|    13  |   319.5|     5.0|     2.7|     1.8|     2.3|     4.8|     2.6|     1.7|     2.2
  Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels (8).|    14  |   107.4|     4.8|     2.9|     2.2|     1.9|     4.7|     2.9|     2.2|     1.8
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Construction............................|        | 5,359.7|     9.9|     4.5|     3.7|     5.4|     9.7|     4.4|     3.7|     5.3
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  General building contractors...........|    15  | 1,256.1|     9.0|     4.0|     3.3|     5.0|     8.9|     3.9|     3.2|     5.0
  Heavy construction, except building....|    16  |   770.7|     9.0|     4.3|     3.4|     4.7|     8.8|     4.2|     3.3|     4.6
  Special trade contractors..............|    17  | 3,332.9|    10.4|     4.8|     4.0|     5.7|    10.3|     4.7|     3.9|     5.6
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Manufacturing...........................|        |18,460.5|    10.6|     4.9|     2.5|     5.7|     9.2|     4.3|     2.3|     4.9
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Durable goods...........................|        |10,774.4|    11.6|     5.1|     2.7|     6.5|    10.1|     4.5|     2.4|     5.6
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Lumber and wood products...............|    24  |   777.9|    14.2|     6.8|     4.2|     7.4|    13.5|     6.5|     4.0|     7.1
  Furniture and fixtures.................|    25  |   503.6|    12.2|     5.4|     2.7|     6.9|    10.6|     4.7|     2.4|     6.0
  Stone, clay, and glass products........|    32  |   544.1|    12.4|     6.0|     3.7|     6.4|    11.6|     5.7|     3.6|     5.9
  Primary metal industries...............|    33  |   709.6|    15.0|     6.8|     3.6|     8.2|    13.8|     6.4|     3.4|     7.4
  Fabricated metal products..............|    34  | 1,447.1|    14.4|     6.2|     3.5|     8.2|    13.3|     5.7|     3.3|     7.6
  Industrial machinery and equipment.....|    35  | 2,108.4|     9.9|     4.0|     2.3|     5.9|     9.1|     3.7|     2.1|     5.4
  Electronic and other electric equipment|    36  | 1,655.4|     6.8|     3.1|     1.5|     3.7|     5.4|     2.5|     1.2|     3.0
  Transportation equipment...............|    37  | 1,785.2|    16.3|     7.0|     3.1|     9.3|    12.5|     5.6|     2.6|     6.9
  Instruments and related products.......|    38  |   853.3|     5.1|     2.3|     1.1|     2.9|     3.9|     1.7|      .9|     2.2
  Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.|    39  |   389.9|     9.5|     4.4|     2.2|     5.0|     8.3|     3.8|     2.0|     4.5
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Nondurable goods........................|        | 7,686.0|     9.2|     4.6|     2.3|     4.6|     7.9|     3.9|     2.1|     3.9
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Food and kindred products..............|    20  | 1,690.0|    15.0|     8.0|     3.5|     7.1|    12.2|     6.4|     3.2|     5.8
  Tobacco products.......................|    21  |    40.6|     6.7|     2.8|     2.1|     3.9|     6.3|     2.6|     2.0|     3.7
  Textile mill products..................|    22  |   627.6|     7.8|     3.6|     1.4|     4.2|     6.7|     3.2|     1.3|     3.5
  Apparel and other textile products.....|    23  |   866.1|     7.4|     3.3|     1.8|     4.1|     5.8|     2.5|     1.4|     3.3
  Paper and allied products..............|    26  |   681.9|     7.9|     3.8|     2.0|     4.0|     7.2|     3.6|     1.9|     3.5
  Printing and publishing................|    27  | 1,533.1|     6.0|     2.8|     1.8|     3.2|     5.5|     2.6|     1.7|     2.9
  Chemicals and allied products..........|    28  | 1,029.8|     4.8|     2.4|     1.1|     2.5|     4.2|     2.1|     1.0|     2.1
  Petroleum and coal products............|    29  |   141.3|     4.6|     2.5|     1.2|     2.1|     4.3|     2.4|     1.1|     1.9
  Rubber and miscellaneous plastics      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     products............................|    30  |   979.9|    12.3|     6.3|     3.2|     6.0|    11.2|     5.7|     2.9|     5.5
  Leather and leather products...........|    31  |    95.7|    10.7|     4.5|     2.3|     6.2|     8.5|     3.5|     1.9|     5.0
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Transportation and public utilities     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
    (8)(9)...............................|        | 5,989.0|     8.7|     5.1|     3.8|     3.6|     8.4|     5.0|     3.7|     3.4
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Railroad transportation (8)............|    40  |    ±   |     3.5|     2.7|     2.3|      .8|     3.4|     2.6|     2.3|      .8
  Local and interurban passenger transit.|    41  |   416.3|    10.3|     5.4|     4.5|     4.8|     9.7|     5.3|     4.4|     4.4
  Trucking and warehousing (9)...........|    42  | 1,622.7|    10.4|     5.9|     5.0|     4.5|    10.2|     5.7|     4.9|     4.5
  Water transportation...................|    44  |   176.5|     9.8|     5.2|     4.8|     4.6|     9.6|     5.1|     4.7|     4.5
  Transportation by air (9)..............|    45  | 1,119.2|    17.9|    11.8|     7.9|     6.1|    17.3|    11.5|     7.7|     5.8
  Pipelines, except natural gas..........|    46  |    14.5|     2.0|      .8|      .6|     1.3|     1.9|      .7|      .6|     1.2
  Transportation services (9)............|    47  |   414.7|     3.5|     1.6|     1.1|     1.9|     3.4|     1.6|     1.1|     1.8
  Communications.........................|    48  | 1,345.2|     3.5|     1.9|     1.5|     1.6|     3.1|     1.8|     1.3|     1.3
  Electric, gas, and sanitary services...|    49  |   878.9|     6.9|     3.6|     2.0|     3.3|     6.5|     3.5|     1.9|     3.0
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Wholesale and retail trade..............|        |28,027.1|     6.8|     2.9|     2.1|     3.9|     6.6|     2.8|     2.0|     3.8
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Wholesale trade.........................|        | 6,471.7|     6.6|     3.4|     2.3|     3.3|     6.5|     3.3|     2.3|     3.2
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Wholesale trade--durable goods.........|    50  | 3,802.9|     6.2|     3.0|     2.1|     3.2|     6.0|     2.9|     2.0|     3.1
  Wholesale trade--nondurable goods......|    51  | 2,668.8|     7.3|     4.0|     2.7|     3.3|     7.1|     3.9|     2.7|     3.2
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Retail trade............................|        |21,555.3|     6.9|     2.8|     2.0|     4.1|     6.7|     2.7|     1.9|     4.0
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Building materials and garden supplies.|    52  |   883.9|     9.6|     4.5|     3.1|     5.1|     9.5|     4.5|     3.1|     5.0
  General merchandise stores.............|    53  | 2,679.0|     9.7|     4.8|     2.7|     4.9|     9.5|     4.6|     2.6|     4.8
  Food stores............................|    54  | 3,425.6|     9.4|     3.9|     3.0|     5.5|     9.0|     3.7|     2.8|     5.4
  Automotive dealers and service stations|    55  | 2,261.0|     6.8|     2.5|     1.9|     4.3|     6.6|     2.4|     1.8|     4.2
  Apparel and accessory stores...........|    56  | 1,113.3|     3.7|     1.5|     1.0|     2.1|     3.6|     1.5|      .9|     2.1
  Furniture and homefurnishings stores...|    57  |   967.8|     4.7|     2.2|     1.6|     2.5|     4.6|     2.2|     1.6|     2.4
  Eating and drinking places.............|    58  | 7,516.7|     6.2|     1.9|     1.5|     4.3|     6.1|     1.9|     1.5|     4.2
  Miscellaneous retail...................|    59  | 2,708.0|     4.1|     1.9|     1.4|     2.2|     3.9|     1.8|     1.3|     2.1
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Finance, insurance, and real estate.....|        | 6,746.2|     2.4|      .9|      .7|     1.4|     2.1|      .8|      .6|     1.3
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Depository institutions................|    60  | 2,014.9|     1.8|      .6|      .5|     1.2|     1.6|      .5|      .4|     1.1
  Nondepository institutions.............|    61  |   512.2|     1.1|      .4|      .3|      .6|      .9|      .4|      .3|      .6
  Security and commodity brokers.........|    62  |   551.5|      .6|      .2|      .1|      .4|      .5|      .2|      .1|      .3
  Insurance carriers.....................|    63  | 1,376.9|     2.1|      .7|      .5|     1.4|     1.6|      .5|      .4|     1.1
  Insurance agents, brokers, and service.|    64  |   707.0|     1.4|      .4|      .3|     1.0|     1.1|      .3|      .2|      .8
  Real estate............................|    65  | 1,372.0|     5.4|     2.4|     1.9|     2.9|     5.3|     2.4|     1.9|     2.9
  Holding and other investment offices...|    67  |   211.7|     2.8|     1.3|      .6|     1.5|     2.6|     1.2|      .5|     1.4
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Services................................|        |31,894.7|     6.0|     2.6|     1.8|     3.4|     5.7|     2.5|     1.8|     3.2
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Hotels and other lodging places........|    70  | 1,699.0|     9.0|     4.5|     2.7|     4.6|     8.8|     4.3|     2.7|     4.4
  Personal services......................|    72  | 1,181.5|     3.8|     1.8|     1.2|     2.0|     3.5|     1.7|     1.1|     1.8
  Business services......................|    73  | 7,336.3|     3.9|     1.7|     1.3|     2.2|     3.7|     1.6|     1.2|     2.0
  Auto repair, services, and parking.....|    75  | 1,081.0|     5.9|     2.5|     2.1|     3.4|     5.7|     2.5|     2.1|     3.2
  Miscellaneous repair services..........|    76  |   374.2|     6.3|     3.0|     2.4|     3.3|     6.1|     2.9|     2.3|     3.2
  Amusement and recreation services......|    79  | 1,524.8|     9.5|     4.4|     2.5|     5.1|     9.1|     4.2|     2.4|     4.9
  Health services........................|    80  | 9,439.2|     9.1|     3.7|     2.7|     5.4|     8.5|     3.5|     2.6|     4.9
  Legal services.........................|    81  |   930.3|     1.1|      .4|      .4|      .7|      .8|      .3|      .2|      .5
  Educational services...................|    82  | 1,472.8|     3.4|     1.3|     1.0|     2.0|     3.2|     1.3|     1.0|     1.9
  Social services........................|    83  | 2,347.3|     7.2|     3.1|     2.4|     4.0|     7.0|     3.0|     2.3|     3.9
  Membership organizations...............|    86  |   975.4|     3.5|     1.3|     1.1|     2.1|     3.3|     1.2|     1.0|     2.0
  Engineering and management services....|    87  | 2,865.5|     2.0|      .8|      .6|     1.2|     1.8|      .8|      .5|     1.1
_________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________

  1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as:  (N/EH) x
200,000, where

     N       = number of injuries and illnesses                
     EH      = total hours worked by all employees during              
               the calendar year                                            
     200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers           
               (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).
     
  2 Totals include data for industries not shown separately.
  3 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition.
  4 Employment is expressed as an annual average and is derived primarily from the BLS-State Covered Employment and Wages program. 
Employment for private households (SIC 88) is excluded.
  5 Total lost workday cases involve days away from work, or days of restricted work activity, or both.
  6 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity.
  7 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.
  8 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad
transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad
Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.  Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal
mining industries.
  9 In 1996, air courier operations previously classified in Industry Groups 421, 422, 423, 452, 473, and 478 were reclassified to
Industry Group 451.  As a result, the 1996 estimates for these SIC's and Major Industry Groups 42, 45, and 47 are not comparable to
those for prior years.  In addition, the 1996 estimates for transportation and public utilities may have more variability than
those for prior years.

    NOTE:  Because of rounding, components may not add to totals.
    - Data not available.                                 

    SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.


Table 2.  Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, by industry division, selected industries and case type, 1996
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                         |        |        |                                   |                                   
                                         |        |        |       Injuries and illnesses      |              Injuries             
                                         |        |        |___________________________________|___________________________________
                                         |        |        |        |                 |        |        |                 |        
                                         |        |  1996  |        |   Lost workday  |        |        |   Lost workday  |        
                                         |        | Annual |        |      cases      |        |        |      cases      |        
                                         |   SIC  | average|        |_________________|  Cases |        |_________________|  Cases 
              Industry (1)               |code (2)| employ-|  Total |        |        | without|  Total |        |        | without
                                         |        |ment (3)|  cases |        |  With  |  lost  |  cases |        |  With  |  lost  
                                         |        | (000's)| (000's)|  Total |  days  |workdays| (000's)|  Total |  days  |workdays
                                         |        |        |        |   (4)  |  away  | (000's)|        |   (4)  |  away  | (000's)
                                         |        |        |        | (000's)|  from  |        |        | (000's)|  from  |        
                                         |        |        |        |        |work (5)|        |        |        |work (5)|        
                                         |        |        |        |        | (000's)|        |        |        | (000's)|        
_________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
Private industry (6).....................|        |98,772.9| 6,238.9| 2,832.5| 1,880.6| 3,406.4| 5,799.9| 2,646.3| 1,785.8| 3,153.6
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing (6)..|        | 1,717.4|   113.0|    50.6|    38.3|    62.4|   108.4|    49.0|    37.0|    59.4
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Agricultural production (6).............|  01-02 |   752.2|    47.9|    22.0|    17.1|    25.9|    45.5|    21.1|    16.4|    24.4
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Agricultural production-crops (6)......|    01  |   579.7|    32.6|    14.9|    11.4|    17.8|    31.1|    14.3|    10.9|    16.8
  Agricultural production-livestock (6)..|    02  |   172.4|    15.2|     7.1|     5.7|     8.1|    14.4|     6.8|     5.5|     7.6
  Agricultural services..................|    07  |   927.6|    63.0|    27.7|    20.4|    35.3|    60.8|    27.0|    19.8|    33.8
  Forestry...............................|    08  |    25.3|     1.3|      .6|      .5|      .7|     1.3|      .6|      .5|      .7
  Fishing, hunting, and trapping.........|    09  |    12.3|      .8|      .3|      .2|      .6|      .8|      .2|      .2|      .5
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Mining (7)..............................|        |   578.3|    33.3|    19.9|    15.1|    13.4|    32.4|    19.5|    14.7|    12.9
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Metal mining (7).......................|    10  |    53.9|     2.4|     1.4|      .8|     1.0|     2.3|     1.3|      .8|      .9
  Coal mining (7)........................|    12  |    97.6|     7.8|     5.7|     5.3|     2.1|     7.5|     5.5|     5.2|     2.0
  Oil and gas extraction.................|    13  |   319.5|    16.8|     9.0|     6.1|     7.8|    16.4|     8.8|     5.9|     7.6
  Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels (7).|    14  |   107.4|     6.3|     3.8|     2.9|     2.5|     6.2|     3.8|     2.8|     2.4
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Construction............................|        | 5,359.7|   483.8|   220.5|   182.3|   263.2|   476.1|   216.8|   179.1|   259.3
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  General building contractors...........|    15  | 1,256.1|   102.8|    45.5|    37.2|    57.3|   101.3|    44.7|    36.5|    56.6
  Heavy construction, except building....|    16  |   770.7|    65.5|    31.2|    24.8|    34.3|    64.3|    30.8|    24.4|    33.5
  Special trade contractors..............|    17  | 3,332.9|   315.5|   143.9|   120.4|   171.6|   310.5|   141.4|   118.1|   169.2
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Manufacturing...........................|        |18,460.5| 1,952.9|   899.6|   462.2| 1,053.3| 1,688.0|   782.9|   419.5|   905.1
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Durable goods...........................|        |10,774.4| 1,261.6|   554.5|   292.9|   707.1| 1,095.3|   486.7|   265.3|   608.6
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Lumber and wood products...............|    24  |   777.9|   107.7|    51.2|    31.6|    56.4|   102.6|    49.0|    30.6|    53.6
  Furniture and fixtures.................|    25  |   503.6|    61.4|    26.9|    13.7|    34.5|    53.4|    23.4|    12.1|    30.0
  Stone, clay, and glass products........|    32  |   544.1|    68.3|    33.3|    20.6|    35.1|    64.2|    31.5|    19.7|    32.6
  Primary metal industries...............|    33  |   709.6|   111.0|    50.2|    26.9|    60.8|   101.7|    47.0|    25.3|    54.7
  Fabricated metal products..............|    34  | 1,447.1|   211.6|    91.4|    51.7|   120.3|   195.1|    84.1|    48.3|   111.0
  Industrial machinery and equipment.....|    35  | 2,108.4|   212.8|    86.5|    49.0|   126.3|   195.6|    79.8|    46.0|   115.9
  Electronic and other electric equipment|    36  | 1,655.4|   112.7|    51.6|    24.6|    61.2|    90.1|    40.7|    20.2|    49.3
  Transportation equipment...............|    37  | 1,785.2|   297.4|   127.8|    57.0|   169.7|   228.3|   102.6|    48.1|   125.7
  Instruments and related products.......|    38  |   853.3|    43.2|    19.1|     9.5|    24.1|    33.3|    14.4|     7.7|    18.9
  Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.|    39  |   389.9|    35.5|    16.7|     8.3|    18.8|    31.0|    14.2|     7.3|    16.8
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Nondurable goods........................|        | 7,686.0|   691.3|   345.1|   169.3|   346.2|   592.7|   296.2|   154.3|   296.5
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Food and kindred products..............|    20  | 1,690.0|   252.1|   133.6|    59.2|   118.5|   205.0|   107.4|    53.7|    97.5
  Tobacco products.......................|    21  |    40.6|     2.6|     1.1|      .8|     1.5|     2.5|     1.0|      .8|     1.4
  Textile mill products..................|    22  |   627.6|    48.1|    22.3|     9.0|    25.8|    41.6|    20.1|     8.3|    21.5
  Apparel and other textile products.....|    23  |   866.1|    60.1|    26.6|    14.3|    33.6|    47.0|    20.6|    11.7|    26.4
  Paper and allied products..............|    26  |   681.9|    55.4|    27.0|    14.1|    28.4|    50.3|    25.3|    13.2|    25.0
  Printing and publishing................|    27  | 1,533.1|    84.4|    39.5|    25.1|    44.9|    77.2|    36.1|    23.5|    41.2
  Chemicals and allied products..........|    28  | 1,029.8|    50.3|    24.7|    11.5|    25.7|    43.7|    22.2|    10.6|    21.5
  Petroleum and coal products............|    29  |   141.3|     6.7|     3.6|     1.7|     3.1|     6.3|     3.5|     1.7|     2.8
  Rubber and miscellaneous plastics      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     products............................|    30  |   979.9|   121.7|    62.6|    31.6|    59.1|   111.3|    56.7|    29.2|    54.6
  Leather and leather products...........|    31  |    95.7|     9.9|     4.2|     2.2|     5.8|     7.9|     3.3|     1.7|     4.6
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Transportation and public utilities     |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
    (7)(8)...............................|        | 5,989.0|   514.4|   301.8|   224.0|   212.6|   494.6|   293.0|   217.3|   201.6
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Railroad transportation (7)............|    40  |    ±   |     8.8|     6.7|     5.8|     2.1|     8.7|     6.6|     5.8|     2.0
  Local and interurban passenger transit.|    41  |   416.3|    32.3|    17.1|    14.3|    15.1|    30.6|    16.7|    13.9|    13.9
  Trucking and warehousing (8)...........|    42  | 1,622.7|   170.8|    96.5|    82.2|    74.2|   168.2|    94.7|    80.6|    73.5
  Water transportation...................|    44  |   176.5|    15.1|     8.0|     7.4|     7.1|    14.8|     7.9|     7.3|     6.9
  Transportation by air (8)..............|    45  | 1,119.2|   166.9|   110.2|    73.6|    56.7|   161.5|   107.4|    71.5|    54.2
  Pipelines, except natural gas..........|    46  |    14.5|      .3|      .1|      .1|      .2|      .3|      .1|      .1|      .2
  Transportation services (8)............|    47  |   414.7|    13.5|     6.3|     4.3|     7.2|    13.0|     6.0|     4.1|     7.0
  Communications.........................|    48  | 1,345.2|    45.4|    25.0|    18.9|    20.4|    40.0|    22.8|    17.3|    17.2
  Electric, gas, and sanitary services...|    49  |   878.9|    61.2|    31.8|    17.4|    29.5|    57.5|    30.8|    16.7|    26.7
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Wholesale and retail trade..............|        |28,027.1| 1,530.5|   657.4|   466.8|   873.1| 1,491.1|   637.8|   452.3|   853.3
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Wholesale trade.........................|        | 6,471.7|   412.9|   209.9|   144.7|   203.1|   402.0|   203.9|   140.6|   198.1
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Wholesale trade--durable goods.........|    50  | 3,802.9|   228.6|   109.7|    76.3|   118.9|   222.0|   106.1|    73.5|   115.9
  Wholesale trade--nondurable goods......|    51  | 2,668.8|   184.3|   100.2|    68.4|    84.2|   180.0|    97.8|    67.1|    82.2
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Retail trade............................|        |21,555.3| 1,117.5|   447.5|   322.1|   670.0| 1,089.1|   433.9|   311.7|   655.2
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Building materials and garden supplies.|    52  |   883.9|    77.5|    36.4|    25.3|    41.1|    76.7|    36.1|    25.0|    40.6
  General merchandise stores.............|    53  | 2,679.0|   193.8|    95.9|    54.4|    97.9|   189.9|    93.2|    52.7|    96.6
  Food stores............................|    54  | 3,425.6|   232.0|    95.5|    73.7|   136.5|   223.8|    91.1|    70.3|   132.7
  Automotive dealers and service stations|    55  | 2,261.0|   145.0|    53.0|    40.0|    92.0|   141.1|    51.4|    38.6|    89.6
  Apparel and accessory stores...........|    56  | 1,113.3|    28.6|    11.9|     7.5|    16.7|    28.0|    11.5|     7.3|    16.4
  Furniture and homefurnishings stores...|    57  |   967.8|    39.8|    18.7|    13.8|    21.1|    38.7|    18.2|    13.3|    20.5
  Eating and drinking places.............|    58  | 7,516.7|   315.1|    96.1|    78.2|   219.1|   309.7|    94.6|    76.9|   215.1
  Miscellaneous retail...................|    59  | 2,708.0|    85.7|    40.1|    29.0|    45.7|    81.3|    37.7|    27.6|    43.6
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Finance, insurance, and real estate.....|        | 6,746.2|   144.3|    55.9|    42.8|    88.4|   128.5|    49.5|    38.0|    79.0
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Depository institutions................|    60  | 2,014.9|    33.4|    11.4|     9.0|    22.0|    28.7|     9.2|     7.3|    19.5
  Nondepository institutions.............|    61  |   512.2|     5.2|     2.1|     1.6|     3.1|     4.6|     1.8|     1.3|     2.8
  Security and commodity brokers.........|    62  |   551.5|     2.9|     1.0|      .8|     1.8|     2.5|      .9|      .7|     1.6
  Insurance carriers.....................|    63  | 1,376.9|    27.0|     8.5|     6.6|    18.5|    20.3|     6.0|     4.8|    14.2
  Insurance agents, brokers, and service.|    64  |   707.0|     8.8|     2.6|     2.1|     6.2|     7.1|     1.9|     1.6|     5.2
  Real estate............................|    65  | 1,372.0|    61.8|    28.0|    21.7|    33.8|    60.4|    27.5|    21.3|    32.9
  Holding and other investment offices...|    67  |   211.7|     5.2|     2.4|     1.1|     2.9|     5.0|     2.2|     1.0|     2.7
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
 Services................................|        |31,894.7| 1,466.8|   626.7|   449.1|   840.1| 1,380.8|   597.8|   428.1|   783.0
                                         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Hotels and other lodging places........|    70  | 1,699.0|   123.4|    60.9|    37.6|    62.5|   119.9|    59.1|    36.4|    60.8
  Personal services......................|    72  | 1,181.5|    34.7|    16.8|    10.6|    17.9|    32.4|    15.6|     9.8|    16.8
  Business services......................|    73  | 7,336.3|   182.2|    79.8|    59.8|   102.4|   171.4|    75.7|    57.2|    95.8
  Auto repair, services, and parking.....|    75  | 1,081.0|    58.1|    25.0|    20.8|    33.0|    56.3|    24.6|    20.4|    31.7
  Miscellaneous repair services..........|    76  |   374.2|    22.0|    10.5|     8.5|    11.5|    21.5|    10.2|     8.2|    11.2
  Amusement and recreation services......|    79  | 1,524.8|    94.0|    43.4|    24.7|    50.6|    89.9|    41.8|    24.1|    48.1
  Health services........................|    80  | 9,439.2|   681.7|   277.9|   201.4|   403.8|   632.6|   264.6|   191.4|   368.0
  Legal services.........................|    81  |   930.3|     8.9|     3.5|     3.0|     5.4|     6.8|     2.3|     1.9|     4.5
  Educational services...................|    82  | 1,472.8|    36.7|    14.5|    11.3|    22.2|    34.9|    14.0|    11.0|    20.9
  Social services........................|    83  | 2,347.3|   131.6|    57.8|    44.8|    73.8|   128.4|    55.9|    43.1|    72.5
  Membership organizations...............|    86  |   975.4|    23.2|     8.8|     7.7|    14.4|    21.8|     8.2|     7.0|    13.6
  Engineering and management services....|    87  | 2,865.5|    53.2|    22.1|    15.0|    31.1|    48.6|    20.5|    14.0|    28.1
_________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________

  1 Totals include data for industries not shown separately.
  2 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition.
  3 Employment is expressed as an annual average and is derived primarily from the BLS-State Covered Employment and Wages program. 
Employment for private households (SIC 88) is excluded.
  4 Total lost workday cases involve days away from work, or days of restricted work activity, or both.
  5 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity.
  6 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.
  7 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad
transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad
Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.  Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal
mining industries.
  8 In 1996, air courier operations previously classified in Industry Groups 421, 422, 423, 452, 473, and 478 were reclassified to
Industry Group 451.  As a result, the 1996 estimates for these SIC's and Major Industry Groups 42, 45, and 47 are not comparable to
those for prior years.  In addition, the 1996 estimates for transportation and public utilities may have more variability than
those for prior years.

    NOTE:  Because of rounding, components may not add to totals.
    - Data not available.                                 

    SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

Table 3.  Incidence rates(1) of nonfatal injuries by industry division and employment size, 1996
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                         |              |                                                                          
                                         |              |                  Establishment employment size (workers)                 
                                         |      All     |__________________________________________________________________________
            Industry division            |  establish-  |              |              |              |              |              
                                         |     ments    |       1      |      11      |      50      |      250     |     1,000    
                                         |              |      to      |      to      |      to      |      to      |      or      
                                         |              |      10      |      49      |      249     |      999     |     more     
_________________________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
Private industry (2).....................|        6.9   |        2.7   |        5.9   |        8.9   |        8.1   |        7.2   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing (2)..|        8.4   |        6.7   |        7.8   |       10.8   |        7.3   |        5.7   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Mining (3)..............................|        5.3   |        3.4   |        5.6   |        6.3   |        5.0   |        3.8   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Construction............................|        9.7   |        6.0   |       11.3   |       11.8   |        8.0   |        3.1   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Manufacturing...........................|        9.2   |        4.0   |        9.0   |       11.0   |        8.6   |        8.2   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Durable goods...........................|       10.1   |        5.0   |       10.5   |       12.2   |        9.3   |        8.9   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Nondurable goods........................|        7.9   |        2.3   |        6.6   |        9.4   |        7.8   |        6.7   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Transportation and public utilities     |              |              |              |              |              |              
    (3)(4)...............................|        8.4   |        2.6   |        8.4   |        9.5   |        8.8   |        9.1   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Wholesale and retail trade..............|        6.6   |        2.5   |        5.8   |        8.8   |        9.9   |        7.4   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Wholesale trade.........................|        6.5   |        2.7   |        5.9   |        8.7   |        8.6   |        6.1   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Retail trade............................|        6.7   |        2.5   |        5.8   |        8.9   |       10.3   |        7.7   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Finance, insurance, and real estate.....|        2.1   |        1.8   |        2.1   |        2.7   |        2.2   |        1.4   
                                         |              |              |              |              |              |              
 Services................................|        5.7   |        1.6   |        3.2   |        7.8   |        7.8   |        7.2   
_________________________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________

  1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as:  (N/EH) x 200,000, where
                                             
     N       = number of injuries                              
     EH      = total hours worked by all employees during              
               the calendar year                                            
     200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers           
               (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).
     
  2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.
  3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad
transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad
Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.  Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal
mining industries.
  4 In 1996, air courier operations previously classified in Industry Groups 421, 422, 423, 452, 473, and 478 were reclassified to
Industry Group 451.  As a result, the 1996 estimates for these SIC's and Major Industry Groups 42, 45, and 47 are not comparable to
those for prior years.  In addition, the 1996 estimates for transportation and public utilities may have more variability than
those for prior years.

    SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

Table 4.  Nonfatal occupational injuries: number of cases and incidence rates, per 100 full-time workers,(1) for industries
with 100,000 or more injury cases, 1996
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                                 |                        |                        |                        
                                                 |           SIC          |          Total         |        Incidence       
                  Industry (2)                   |        code (3)        |          cases         |          rate          
                                                 |                        |         (000's)        |                        
_________________________________________________|________________________|________________________|________________________
                                                 |                        |                        |                        
                                                 |                        |                        |                        
Eating and drinking places.......................|           581          |           309.7        |             6.1        
                                                 |                        |                        |                        
Hospitals........................................|           806          |           300.2        |            10.0        
                                                 |                        |                        |                        
Nursing and personal care facilities.............|           805          |           221.9        |            16.2        
                                                 |                        |                        |                        
Grocery stores...................................|           541          |           211.6        |             9.7        
                                                 |                        |                        |                        
Department stores................................|           531          |           172.8        |             9.8        
                                                 |                        |                        |                        
Trucking and courier services, except air (4)....|           421          |           153.3        |            10.2        
                                                 |                        |                        |                        
Motor vehicles and equipment.....................|           371          |           148.9        |            14.9        
                                                 |                        |                        |                        
Air transportation, scheduled (4)................|           451          |           148.4        |            18.6        
                                                 |                        |                        |                        
Hotels and motels................................|           701          |           118.3        |             8.9        
_________________________________________________|________________________|________________________|________________________

  1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as:  (N/EH) x
200,000, where

     N       = number of injuries                            
     EH      = total hours worked by all employees during              
               the calendar year                                            
     200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers           
               (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).
     
  2 Industries with 100,000 or more cases were determined by analysis of the number of cases at the 3-digit SIC code level.
  3 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition.
  4 In 1996, air courier operations previously classified in Industry Groups 421, 422, 423, 452, 473, and 478 were
reclassified to Industry Group 451.  As a result, the 1996 estimates for these SIC's and Major Industry Groups 42, 45, and
47 are not comparable to those for prior years.

   SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

Table 5.  Number of nonfatal occupational illnesses, by industry division and case type, 1996
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                         |                 |                                   |                 |                 
                                         |                 |         Lost workday cases        |                 |    Disorders    
                                         |                 |___________________________________|      Cases      |    associated   
                                         |      Total      |                 |                 |     without     |       with      
            Industry division            |      cases      |                 |    With days    |       lost      |     repeated    
                                         |     (000's)     |    Total (1)    |    away from    |     workdays    |      trauma     
                                         |                 |     (000's)     |     work (2)    |     (000's)     |     (000's)     
                                         |                 |                 |     (000's)     |                 |                 
_________________________________________|_________________|_________________|_________________|_________________|_________________
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
Private industry (3).....................|       439.0     |       186.2     |        94.7     |       252.8     |       281.1     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing (3)..|         4.6     |         1.7     |         1.3     |         3.0     |          .9     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Mining (4)..............................|          .9     |          .4     |          .4     |          .5     |          .5     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Construction............................|         7.6     |         3.7     |         3.3     |         3.9     |         2.6     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Manufacturing...........................|       264.9     |       116.7     |        42.7     |       148.2     |       203.0     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Durable goods...........................|       166.3     |        67.8     |        27.6     |        98.5     |       124.4     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Nondurable goods........................|        98.6     |        48.9     |        15.1     |        49.7     |        78.7     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Transportation and public utilities     |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
    (4)(5)...............................|        19.7     |         8.8     |         6.8     |        11.0     |        10.8     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Wholesale and retail trade..............|        39.4     |        19.6     |        14.5     |        19.8     |        22.8     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Wholesale trade.........................|        10.9     |         6.0     |         4.1     |         4.9     |         6.6     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Retail trade............................|        28.5     |        13.6     |        10.3     |        14.8     |        16.2     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Finance, insurance, and real estate.....|        15.8     |         6.3     |         4.8     |         9.5     |        12.4     
                                         |                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
 Services................................|        86.0     |        28.9     |        21.0     |        57.1     |        28.2     
_________________________________________|_________________|_________________|_________________|_________________|_________________

  1 Total lost workday cases involve days away from work, or days of restricted work activity, or both.
  2 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity.
  3 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.
  4 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad
transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad
Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.  Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal
mining industries.
  5 In 1996, air courier operations previously classified in Industry Groups 421, 422, 423, 452, 473, and 478 were reclassified to
Industry Group 451.  As a result, the 1996 estimates for these SIC's and Major Industry Groups 42, 45, and 47 are not comparable to
those for prior years.  In addition, the 1996 estimates for transportation and public utilities may have more variability than
those for prior years.

   NOTE:  Because of rounding, components may not add to totals.

   SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

Table 6. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,(1) 1973-96(2)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                  |                                               |                                               
                  |             Injuries and illnesses            |                    Injuries                   
                  |_______________________________________________|_______________________________________________
                  |           |                       |           |           |                       |           
                  |           |   Lost workday cases  |           |           |   Lost workday cases  |           
       Year       |           |_______________________|   Cases   |           |_______________________|   Cases   
                  |   Total   |           |           |  without  |   Total   |           |           |  without  
                  |   cases   |           |    With   |    lost   |   cases   |           |    With   |    lost   
                  |           | Total (3) | days away |  workdays |           | Total (3) | days away |  workdays 
                  |           |           | from work |           |           |           | from work |           
                  |           |           |    (4)    |           |           |           |    (4)    |           
__________________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________
                  |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
1973..............|    11.0   |     3.4   |     ±     |     7.5   |    10.6   |     3.3   |     ±     |     7.3   
1974..............|    10.4   |     3.5   |     ±     |     6.9   |    10.0   |     3.4   |     ±     |     6.6   
1975..............|     9.1   |     3.3   |     3.2   |     5.8   |     8.8   |     3.2   |     3.1   |     5.6   
1976..............|     9.2   |     3.5   |     3.3   |     5.7   |     8.9   |     3.4   |     3.2   |     5.5   
1977..............|     9.3   |     3.8   |     3.6   |     5.5   |     9.0   |     3.7   |     3.5   |     5.3   
1978 (5)..........|     9.4   |     4.1   |     3.8   |     5.3   |     9.2   |     4.0   |     3.7   |     5.2   
1979 (5)..........|     9.5   |     4.3   |     4.0   |     5.2   |     9.2   |     4.2   |     3.9   |     5.0   
1980..............|     8.7   |     4.0   |     3.7   |     4.7   |     8.5   |     3.9   |     3.6   |     4.6   
1981..............|     8.3   |     3.8   |     3.5   |     4.5   |     8.1   |     3.7   |     3.4   |     4.4   
1982..............|     7.7   |     3.5   |     3.2   |     4.2   |     7.6   |     3.4   |     3.2   |     4.1   
1983 (5)..........|     7.6   |     3.4   |     3.2   |     4.2   |     7.5   |     3.4   |     3.1   |     4.1   
1984 (5)..........|     8.0   |     3.7   |     3.4   |     4.3   |     7.8   |     3.6   |     3.3   |     4.2   
1985..............|     7.9   |     3.6   |     3.3   |     4.3   |     7.7   |     3.6   |     3.3   |     4.2   
1986..............|     7.9   |     3.6   |     3.3   |     4.3   |     7.7   |     3.6   |     3.3   |     4.2   
1987..............|     8.3   |     3.8   |     3.4   |     4.4   |     8.0   |     3.7   |     3.3   |     4.3   
1988..............|     8.6   |     4.0   |     3.5   |     4.6   |     8.3   |     3.8   |     3.4   |     4.4   
1989..............|     8.6   |     4.0   |     3.4   |     4.6   |     8.2   |     3.9   |     3.3   |     4.4   
1990..............|     8.8   |     4.1   |     3.4   |     4.7   |     8.3   |     3.9   |     3.3   |     4.5   
1991..............|     8.4   |     3.9   |     3.2   |     4.5   |     7.9   |     3.7   |     3.1   |     4.2   
1992 (6)..........|     8.9   |     3.9   |     3.0   |     5.0   |     8.3   |     3.6   |     2.9   |     4.7   
1993 (6)..........|     8.5   |     3.8   |     2.9   |     4.8   |     7.9   |     3.5   |     2.7   |     4.4   
1994 (6)..........|     8.4   |     3.8   |     2.8   |     4.6   |     7.7   |     3.5   |     2.6   |     4.2   
1995 (6)..........|     8.1   |     3.6   |     2.5   |     4.4   |     7.5   |     3.4   |     2.4   |     4.1   
1996 (6)..........|     7.4   |     3.4   |     2.2   |     4.1   |     6.9   |     3.1   |     2.1   |     3.8   
__________________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________

  1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time workers and were
calculated as:  
(N/EH) x 200,000, where                     
     
     N       = number of injuries and illnesses         
     EH      = total hours worked by all employees during      
               the calendar year                           
     200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers   
               (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).                  
     
  2 Data for 1973-1975 are based on the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1967 Edition; data for
1976-1987 are based on the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1972 Edition; and data for 1988-1996 are
based on the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition.
  3 Total lost workday cases involve days away from work, or days of restricted work activity, or both.
  4 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work
activity.
  5 To maintain historical comparability with the rest of the series, data for small nonfarm employers in low-risk
industries who were not surveyed were imputed and included in the survey estimates.
  6 Data exclude fatal work-related injuries and illnesses.

  NOTE:  Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals.  Data for 1976-1996 exclude farms with fewer
than 11 employees. 
  - Data not available.                              
  
  SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.
  

    Table 7.  Incidence rates(1) of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, by industry division, 1993-96
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                     |                           |                                                       |                           
                                     |                           |                   Lost workday cases                  |                           
                                     |                           |_______________________________________________________|                           
                                     |        Total cases        |                           |                           |Cases without lost workdays
                                     |                           |                           |                           |                           
            Industry division        |                           |         Total (2)         |  With days away from work |                           
                                     |___________________________|                           |            (3)            |___________________________
                                     |      |      |      |      |___________________________|                           |      |      |      |      
                                     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |___________________________|      |      |      |      
                                     | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 |      |      |      |      | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 
                                     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 |      |      |      |      
    _________________________________|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______
                                     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
    Private industry (4).............|   8.5|   8.4|   8.1|   7.4|   3.8|   3.8|   3.6|   3.4|   2.9|   2.8|   2.5|   2.2|   4.8|   4.6|   4.4|   4.1
                                     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
        Agriculture, forestry, and   |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
    fishing (4)......................|  11.2|  10.0|   9.7|   8.7|   5.0|   4.7|   4.3|   3.9|   4.2|   3.9|   3.4|   3.0|   6.2|   5.2|   5.4|   4.8
        Mining (5)...................|   6.8|   6.3|   6.2|   5.4|   3.9|   3.9|   3.9|   3.2|   3.3|   3.3|   3.3|   2.5|   2.9|   2.4|   2.4|   2.2
        Construction.................|  12.2|  11.8|  10.6|   9.9|   5.5|   5.5|   4.9|   4.5|   4.9|   4.9|   4.2|   3.7|   6.7|   6.3|   5.8|   5.4
        Manufacturing................|  12.1|  12.2|  11.6|  10.6|   5.3|   5.5|   5.3|   4.9|   3.3|   3.2|   2.9|   2.5|   6.8|   6.8|   6.3|   5.7
          Durable goods..............|  13.1|  13.5|  12.8|  11.6|   5.4|   5.7|   5.6|   5.1|   3.5|   3.5|   3.1|   2.7|   7.7|   7.8|   7.2|   6.5
          Nondurable goods...........|  10.7|  10.5|   9.9|   9.2|   5.0|   5.1|   4.9|   4.6|   3.0|   2.8|   2.5|   2.3|   5.7|   5.3|   4.9|   4.6
        Transportation and public    |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
    utilities (5)(6).................|   9.5|   9.3|   9.1|   8.7|   5.4|   5.5|   5.2|   5.1|   4.3|   4.2|   3.9|   3.8|   4.1|   3.9|   3.9|   3.6
        Wholesale and retail trade...|   8.1|   7.9|   7.5|   6.8|   3.4|   3.4|   3.2|   2.9|   2.8|   2.7|   2.4|   2.1|   4.7|   4.4|   4.3|   3.9
          Wholesale trade............|   7.8|   7.7|   7.5|   6.6|   3.7|   3.8|   3.6|   3.4|   2.8|   2.8|   2.6|   2.3|   4.1|   3.9|   3.9|   3.3
          Retail trade...............|   8.2|   7.9|   7.5|   6.9|   3.3|   3.3|   3.0|   2.8|   2.7|   2.6|   2.3|   2.0|   4.9|   4.6|   4.5|   4.1
        Finance, insurance, and real |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
    estate...........................|   2.9|   2.7|   2.6|   2.4|   1.2|   1.1|   1.0|    .9|   1.0|    .9|    .8|    .7|   1.7|   1.6|   1.6|   1.4
        Services.....................|   6.7|   6.5|   6.4|   6.0|   2.8|   2.8|   2.8|   2.6|   2.3|   2.2|   2.0|   1.8|   3.9|   3.7|   3.6|   3.4
    _________________________________|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______

      1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as:  (N/EH) x 200,000, where
                                                                                                                                                     
                    
         N       = number of injuries and illnesses                         
         EH      = total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year                
         200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).                                                                          
         
      2 Total lost workday cases involve days away from work, or days of restricted activity, or both.
      3 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity.
      4 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.
      5 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are
    provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department
    of Transportation.  Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries.
      6 In 1996, air courier operations previously classified in Industry Groups 421, 422, 423, 452, 473, and 478 were reclassified to Industry Group
    451.  As a result, the 1996 estimates for these SIC's and Major Industry Groups 42, 45, and 47 are not comparable to those for prior years.  In
    addition, the 1996 estimates for transportation and public utilities may have more variability than those for prior years.
    
      NOTE:  Because of rounding, components may not add to totals.
    
      SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.