1

Technical information: (202) 691-6392

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 04-2392

For release: 10:00 A.M. EST

Wednesday, November 24, 2004

 http://www.bls.gov/mls/

MASS LAYOFFS IN OCTOBER 2004

In October 2004, employers took 1,241 mass layoff actions, as measured by new filings for

unemployment insurance benefits during the month, according to data from the U.S. Department of Labor’s

Bureau of Labor Statistics. Each action involved at least 50 persons from a single establishment, and the

number of workers involved totaled 127,774. (See table 1.) Both the number of events and initial claims

were the lowest for any October since October 2000. Data for October 2004 were reported by all states

and the District of Columbia, except Vermont. From January through October 2004, the total numbers of

events, 12,966, and initial claims, 1,315,320, were lower than in January-October 2003 (15,596 and

1,557,750, respectively).

Industry Distribution

The 10 industries reporting the highest number of mass-layoff initial claims accounted for 37,670 initial

claims in October, 29 percent of the total. (See table A.) Temporary help services, with 8,113 initial claims,

and motion picture and video production, with 5,673 initial claims, together accounted for 11 percent of all

initial claims in October.

The manufacturing sector had 30 percent of all mass layoff events and 38 percent of all initial claims filed

in October. A year ago, manufacturing comprised 29 percent of events and 34 percent of initial claims.

Within manufacturing, the number of claimants was highest in transportation equipment (12,733, mainly

automotive-related), followed by food processing (9,049) and machinery (4,224). (See table 2.)

The administrative and waste services sector accounted for 15 percent of events and 12 percent of

initial claims filed in October, with layoffs mainly in temporary help services. Ten percent of all layoff events

and 7 percent of initial claims filed during the month were in construction, primarily among specialty trade

contractors. Accommodation and food services accounted for 7 percent of events and initial claims during

the month, mainly in hotels and motels, except casino hotels. Retail trade accounted for 8 percent of events

and 7 percent of initial claims, mostly in general merchandise stores. An additional 3 percent of events and

6 percent of initial claims were from the information sector, largely in motion picture and sound recording.

Government establishments accounted for 5 percent of events and 4 percent of initial claims filed during

the month, mostly in executive, legislative, and general government agencies.

Compared with October 2003, the largest decreases in initial claims were reported in food and beverage

stores (-12,161), administrative and support services (-6,147), and agriculture and forestry support activities
2

Table A. Industries with the largest mass-layoff initial claims in October 2004p

Industry

Initial claims

October peak

Year

Initial claims

Temporary help services........................................ 1998 18,760

Motion picture and video production..................... 1997 7,692

Hotels and motels, except casino hotels................. 4,282 2001 5,795

Light truck and utility vehicle mfg. .......................... 3,859 2001 8,763

Professional employer organizations ....................... 3,477 2001 3,523

Fruit and vegetable canning ................................... 2,901 2002 4,500

Automobile manufacturing...................................... 2,837 2001 7,563

Payroll services ..................................................... 2,388 2001 4,995

Farm labor contractors and crew leaders .............. 2,117 1998 9,617

Highway, street, and bridge construction ............... 2,023 2,023

p=preliminary.

 5,673

 8,113

2003, 2004

(-5,450). The largest over-the-year increases in initial claims were reported in accommodation (+3,383) and

transportation equipment (+2,463).

Geographic Distribution

Among the four Census regions, the highest number of initial claims in October due to mass layoffs was

reported in the West, 44,250. (See table 3.) Motion picture and sound recording industries, administrative

and support services, and food manufacturing accounted for 32 percent of all mass-layoff initial claims in that

region during the month. The Midwest region was the next largest, with 35,859 initial claims, followed by the

South, with 30,246, and the Northeast, with 17,419.

The number of initial claimants in mass layoffs fell over the year in two of the four regions. The largest

decrease was in the West (-24,126), followed by the Midwest (-7,573). The South reported an over-theyear increase of 875 initial claims, followed by the Northeast (+358). Five of the nine geographic divisions

had over-the-year decreases in the number of initial claims associated with mass layoffs, with the largest

decreases in the Pacific (-23,698) and West North Central (-6,697) divisions. The largest over-the-year

increase was in the South Atlantic division (+1,967).

Among the states reporting data this month (Vermont did not provide data), California recorded the

highest number of initial claims filed in mass layoff events in October (34,896), mostly in motion picture and

sound recording industries and in administrative and support services. Florida reported 9,737 initial claims,

followed by Ohio (8,193), Illinois (8,019), and Pennsylvania (7,661). These five states accounted for 55

percent of all layoff events and 54 percent of all initial claims for unemployment insurance. (See table 4.)

California reported the largest over-the-year decrease in the number of initial claims (-22,426), followed

by Missouri (-3,442) and Iowa (-2,035). The largest over-the-year increase occurred in Florida (+5,129).

From January to October 2004, California reported 327,746 mass layoff initial claims, 25 percent of the

national total. The states with the next largest number of claims over this period were Michigan (83,251),

New York (82,765), Ohio (77,321), and Pennsylvania (72,275).
3

Note

The monthly data series in this release cover mass layoffs of 50 or more workers beginning in a given

month, regardless of the duration of the layoffs. For private nonfarm establishments, information on the length

of the layoff is obtained later and issued in a quarterly release that reports on mass layoffs lasting more than

30 days (referred to as “extended mass layoffs”). The quarterly release provides more information on the

industry classification and location of the establishment and on the demographics of the laid-off workers.

Because monthly figures include short-term layoffs of 30 days or less, the sum of the figures for the 3 months

in a quarter will be higher than the quarterly figure for mass layoffs of more than 30 days. (See table 1.)

See the Technical Note for more detailed definitions.

______________________________

The report on Mass Layoffs in November 2004 is scheduled to be released on Thursday,

December 23, 2004.

Addition of Seasonally Adjusted Data

Beginning with the release of data for January 2005 in February 2005, the Bureau of Labor

Statistics will publish seasonally adjusted mass layoff data series as well as an analysis of significant over-the-month changes in those series. Seasonal adjustment accounts for the effects of

events that follow a more or less regular pattern each year, making it easier to observe the cyclical

and other nonseasonal movements. Initially, six mass layoff series will be seasonally adjusted—the

number of layoff events and the number of associated initial claims for unemployment insurance for

the U.S. total, the private nonfarm sector, and the manufacturing sector. Historical data for each

of these series will be available from April 1995 forward.
Technical Note

The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state

program that uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying,

describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data

from each state’s unemployment insurance database. Each month,

states report on establishments which have at least 50 initial claims

filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period. These

establishments then are contacted by the state agency to determine

whether these separations lasted 31 days or longer, and, if so, other

information concerning the layoff is collected. States report on layoffs

lasting more than 1 month on a quarterly basis.

A given month contains an aggregation of the weekly unemployment

insurance claims filings for the Sunday through Saturday weeks in that

month. All weeks are included for the particular month, except if the

first day of the month falls on Saturday. In this case, the week is

included in the prior month's tabulations. This means that some

months will contain 4 weeks and others 5 weeks, and the number of

weeks in a given month may be different from year to year. Therefore,

analysis of over-the-month and over-the-year change should take this

calendar effect into consideration.

The MLS program resumed operations in April 1995 after it

had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. Prior

to April 1995, monthly layoff statistics were not available.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory

impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200;

TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Definitions

Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent

period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of

eligibility.

Mass layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment

insurance benefits filed against an establishment during a 5-week

period, regardless of duration.
Table 1. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, October 2002 to October 2004

Extended mass layoffs 

lasting more than 30 days Realization rates 1

Events Initial

claimants Events Initialclaimants Events Initialclaimants Events Initialclaimants

2002

October ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,497 171,100 1,270 149,327 

November ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,153 240,171 1,860 216,237 

December ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,474 264,158 2,324 252,807 

Fourth Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6,124 675,429 5,454 618,371 1,916 370,592 35.1 59.9 

2003

January ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,315 225,430 2,130 210,918 

February ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,363 124,965 1,222 116,264 

March ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,207 113,026 1,099 104,468 

First Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,885 463,421 4,451 431,650 1,502 297,608 33.7 68.9 

April ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,581 161,412 1,470 152,937 

May ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,703 174,204 1,538 160,729 

June ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,691 157,552 1,336 127,743 

Second Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,975 493,168 4,344 441,409 1,799 348,966 41.4 79.1 

July ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,087 226,435 1,815 206,901 

August ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,258 133,839 1,163 124,131 

September ..................................................................................................................................................................... 868 82,647 756 73,914 

Third Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,213 442,921 3,734 404,946 1,190 r 227,909 31.9 56.3 

October ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,523 158,240 1,265 137,706 

November ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,438 138,543 1,234 123,524 

December ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,929 192,633 1,793 182,750 

Fourth Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,890 489,416 4,292 443,980 1,690 r 326,328 39.4 73.5 

2004

January ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,428 239,454 2,226 220,687 

February ..................................................................................................................................................................... 941 84,201 832 76,577 

March ..................................................................................................................................................................... 920 92,554 847 87,782 

First Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,289 416,209 3,905 385,046 1,339 r 238,056 34.3 r 61.8

April ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,458 157,314 1,316 142,657 

May ..................................................................................................................................................................... 988 87,501 878 78,786 

June ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,379 134,588 1,077 110,804 

Second Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3,825 379,403 3,271 332,247 r 1,359 r 251,970 r 41.5 r 75.8

July ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,094 253,929 1,860 234,877 

August ..................................................................................................................................................................... 809 69,033 745 63,876 

Septemberp .................................................................................................................................................................... 708 68,972 637 63,102 

Third Quarterp .................................................................................................................................................................... 3,611 391,934 3,242 361,855 2 780 2 101,456 24.1 28.0 

Octoberp

 .................................................................................................................................................................... 1,241 127,774 1,100 117,231 

 1 The event realization rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm number of extended mass layoff events is generally revised upwards

mass layoff events lasting more than 30 days. The initial claimant realization by less than 10 percent and the number of initial claimants associated

rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm mass layoff initial claimants with such events increases by 25-40 percent.

associated with layoffs lasting more than 30 days. r = revised.

 2 These quarterly numbers are provisional and will be revised as more p = preliminary.

data on these layoffs become available. Experience suggests that the

Mass layoffs

Total mass layoffs

Private nonfarm

Date
Table 2. Industry distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance

Industry

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

October August September October October August September October

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 Total1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,523 809 708 1,241 158,240 69,033 68,972 127,774 

Total, private ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,453 769 669 1,176 150,713 65,294 64,917 122,258 

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting ..................................................................................................................................................................... 188 24 32 76 13,007 1,418 1,815 5,027 

 Total, private nonfarm....................................................... 1,265 745 637 1,100 137,706 63,876 63,102 117,231 

 Mining ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 8 343 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 946 

 Utilities ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 Construction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 143 75 65 126 11,422 5,266 4,160 9,512 

 Manufacturing..................................................................................................................................................................... 438 194 189 371 53,741 17,698 25,808 48,121 

 Food ..................................................................................................................................................................... 96 28 56 78 10,034 2,797 4,848 9,049 

 Beverage and tobacco products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 4 3 16 1,237 216 271 1,316 

 Textile mills ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 10 6 10 1,533 1,313 701 1,041 

 Textile product mills ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 ( 2

 ) 4 8 881 ( 2 ) 438 732 

 Apparel ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25 12 9 18 2,592 898 1,878 1,338 

 Leather and allied products ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 Wood products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 7 4 15 1,163 566 268 2,600 

 Paper ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 3 4 9 1,049 193 369 580 

 Printing and related support activities ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 6 – 8 998 447 – 548 

 Petroleum and coal products ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) 

 Chemicals ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 3 ( 2 ) 6 546 189 ( 2 ) 380 

 Plastics and rubber products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 9 12 18 1,390 614 976 1,451 

 Nonmetallic mineral products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 4 8 10 1,193 369 759 779 

 Primary metals ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29 10 ( 2

 ) 15 3,444 740 ( 2 ) 2,312 

 Fabricated metal products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 21 11 18 2,093 2,031 794 1,855 

 Machinery ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35 15 11 19 7,212 1,946 1,118 4,224 

 Computer and electronic products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26 12 11 18 2,361 963 742 1,416 

 Electrical equipment and appliances ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 4 5 17 2,493 293 3,211 2,573 

 Transportation equipment ..................................................................................................................................................................... 55 30 21 58 10,229 2,846 7,400 12,733 

 Furniture and related products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 4 10 13 1,995 394 912 1,637 

 Miscellaneous manufacturing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 7 10 11 883 534 842 1,027 

 Wholesale trade ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22 11 14 11 1,760 749 1,028 1,412 

 Retail trade ..................................................................................................................................................................... 115 98 68 98 21,870 8,752 5,974 8,550 

 Transportation and warehousing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37 52 21 34 3,003 5,130 1,692 2,608 

 Information ..................................................................................................................................................................... 52 37 26 36 7,755 4,909 3,455 7,597 

 Finance and insurance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35 29 16 33 2,541 2,117 1,211 2,914 

 Real estate and rental and leasing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 10 718 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 697 

 Professional and technical services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 30 21 19 24 2,447 1,641 1,709 3,994 

 Management of companies and enterprises ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 Administrative and waste services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 233 124 106 188 21,380 10,220 10,255 15,202 

 Educational services.................................................................................................................. ( 2

 ) 5 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 368 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 Health care and social assistance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37 32 15 34 2,407 2,117 975 2,793 

 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 28 7 21 30 2,039 459 1,366 2,424 

 Accommodation and food services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 62 41 61 82 5,176 2,581 4,173 9,152 

 Other services, except public administration..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 12 8 6 459 1,486 525 482 

 Unclassified ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2 1 3 343 72 71 309 

Government ..................................................................................................................................................................... 70 40 39 65 7,527 3,739 4,055 5,516 

 Federal ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 8 5 22 1,649 602 364 2,185 

 State ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 8 3 19 1,383 800 233 1,648 

 Local ..................................................................................................................................................................... 34 24 31 24 4,495 2,337 3,458 1,683 

 

1

 For October 2004, data were reported by all states and the District of Columbia, p = preliminary.

except Vermont. NOTE: Dash represents zero.

 

2

 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
Table 3. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by census region and division

Census region and division

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

October August September October October August September October

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 United States1

 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,523 809 708 1,241 158,240 69,033 68,972 127,774 

Northeast ..................................................................................................................................................................... 184 166 101 188 17,061 17,163 8,801 17,419 

 New England ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 14 9 16 1,157 1,274 637 1,201 

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................................................................................................................................... 168 152 92 172 15,904 15,889 8,164 16,218 

South ..................................................................................................................................................................... 278 217 204 323 29,371 16,351 19,467 30,246 

 South Atlantic ..................................................................................................................................................................... 134 116 123 190 13,270 7,914 10,152 15,237 

 East South Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 44 41 41 58 5,310 3,759 5,643 5,750 

 West South Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 100 60 40 75 10,791 4,678 3,672 9,259 

Midwest ..................................................................................................................................................................... 325 151 125 280 43,432 14,653 16,380 35,859 

 East North Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 264 125 99 219 27,841 11,886 13,827 26,965 

 West North Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 61 26 26 61 15,591 2,767 2,553 8,894 

West ..................................................................................................................................................................... 736 275 278 450 68,376 20,866 24,324 44,250 

 Mountain ..................................................................................................................................................................... 47 17 15 43 4,038 1,099 1,163 3,610 

 Pacific ..................................................................................................................................................................... 689 258 263 407 64,338 19,767 23,161 40,640 

 

 

1

 See footnote 1, table 2. Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central:

 

 

p

 = preliminary. Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, 

 NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, 

the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, 

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, 

Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, 

Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

 
Table 4. State distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance

State

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

October August September October October August September October

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 Total1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,523 809 708 1,241 158,240 69,033 68,972 127,774 

Alabama ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 10 18 12 1,671 1,080 1,793 1,477 

Alaska ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 5 295 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 423 

Arizona ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 5 – 11 700 353 – 868 

Arkansas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 3 ( 2

 ) 3 1,140 261 ( 2 ) 642 

California ..................................................................................................................................................................... 616 246 246 346 57,322 18,768 21,752 34,896 

Colorado ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 ( 2

 ) 3 10 581 ( 2 ) 199 829 

Connecticut ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 4 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 200 268 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

Delaware ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) – – – ( 2 ) – – –

District of Columbia ..................................................................................................................................................................... – – – – – – – –

Florida ..................................................................................................................................................................... 66 78 86 143 4,608 4,842 6,349 9,737 

Georgia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 21 11 16 2,838 1,827 815 1,977 

Hawaii ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 4 462 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 260 

Idaho ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 5 3 3 1,203 266 331 281 

Illinois ..................................................................................................................................................................... 74 30 26 56 7,890 3,358 2,567 8,019 

Indiana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22 19 19 24 2,118 1,707 2,767 2,235 

Iowa ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 5 6 12 3,680 491 764 1,645 

Kansas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 4 4 5 738 587 380 398 

Kentucky ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 15 11 27 3,136 1,182 2,892 2,792 

Louisiana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 16 5 11 1,045 1,155 402 714 

Maine ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ( 2

 ) – 3 180 ( 2 ) – 207 

Maryland ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 ( 2

 ) 5 5 256 ( 2 ) 529 544 

Massachusetts ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 7 6 6 713 678 439 437 

Michigan ..................................................................................................................................................................... 42 25 23 40 4,263 2,409 5,997 3,768 

Minnesota ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 7 6 15 2,845 897 441 1,390 

Mississippi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 6 3 10 200 613 314 615 

Missouri ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 6 3 21 8,165 540 195 4,723 

Montana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 – – 5 360 – – 545 

Nebraska ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 6 7 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 646 666 

Nevada ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 4 7 10 835 302 471 755 

New Hampshire ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) – 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – 292 

New Jersey ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27 26 11 35 2,906 2,979 1,630 3,294 

New Mexico ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

New York ..................................................................................................................................................................... 44 73 31 52 3,855 8,063 2,950 5,263 

North Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19 9 10 5 2,039 577 712 417 

North Dakota ..................................................................................................................................................................... – ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

Ohio ..................................................................................................................................................................... 66 23 16 54 7,316 1,822 1,352 8,193 

Oklahoma ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 6 1,614 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,382 

Oregon ..................................................................................................................................................................... 39 ( 2

 ) 6 29 3,784 ( 2 ) 370 2,536 

Pennsylvania ..................................................................................................................................................................... 97 53 50 85 9,143 4,847 3,584 7,661 

Rhode Island ..................................................................................................................................................................... – ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

South Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 ( 2

 ) 6 10 706 ( 2 ) 921 688 

South Dakota ..................................................................................................................................................................... – – – – – – – –

Tennessee ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 10 9 9 303 884 644 866 

Texas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 70 40 32 55 6,992 3,201 2,965 6,521 

Utah ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) – ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) –

Vermont ..................................................................................................................................................................... – – – ( 1

 ) – – – ( 1 ) 

Virginia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14 4 5 9 1,376 272 826 1,555 

Washington ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25 8 7 23 2,475 753 819 2,525 

West Virginia ..................................................................................................................................................................... – ( 2

 ) – ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) 

Wisconsin ..................................................................................................................................................................... 60 28 15 45 6,254 2,590 1,144 4,750 

Wyoming ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 – – 3 216 – – 268 

Puerto Rico ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 9 30 8 567 803 4,059 693 

 1 See footnote 1, table 2. p

 = preliminary.

 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero.