Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-23-1893 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 1, 2023

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — AUGUST 2023 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 187,000 in August, and the unemployment rate rose 

to 3.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued to trend up in 

health care, leisure and hospitality, social assistance, and construction. Employment in transportation 

and warehousing declined. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate rose by 0.3 percentage point to 3.8 percent in August, and the number of 

unemployed persons increased by 514,000 to 6.4 million. Both measures are little different from a year 

earlier, when the unemployment rate was 3.7 percent and the number of unemployed persons was 6.0 

million. (See table A-1.) 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

August 2021 – August 2023

Percent Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, August 2021 – August 2023

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

Aug-21 Nov-21 Feb-22 May-22 Aug-22 Nov-22 Feb-23 May-23 Aug-23

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Aug-21 Nov-21 Feb-22 May-22 Aug-22 Nov-22 Feb-23 May-23 Aug-23
-2-

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.7 percent), Whites (3.4 

percent), and Asians (3.1 percent) rose in August. The jobless rates for adult women (3.2 percent),

teenagers (12.2 percent), Blacks (5.3 percent), and Hispanics (4.9 percent) showed little change over the 

month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

increased by 294,000 to 2.9 million in August, offsetting a decrease of 280,000 in July. In August, the 

number of new entrants edged up to 597,000. (New entrants are unemployed persons with no previous 

work experience.) (See table A-11.) 

Both the number of persons unemployed less than 5 weeks, at 2.2 million, and the number of longterm unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.3 million, edged up in August. The longterm unemployed accounted for 20.3 percent of all unemployed persons. (See table A-12.) 

In August, the labor force participation rate rose by 0.2 percentage point to 62.8 percent, after being 

flat since March. The employment-population ratio was unchanged over the month at 60.4 percent. 

(See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.2 million, changed little in 

August. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time 

because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In August, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.4 million, 

little changed from the prior month. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they 

were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take 

a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force was little changed at 1.5 million in August. These individuals wanted and were 

available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for 

work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 

marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, also changed little over the 

month at 386,000. (See Summary table A.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 187,000 in August, less than the average monthly 

gain of 271,000 over the prior 12 months. In August, employment continued to trend up in health care, 

leisure and hospitality, social assistance, and construction. Employment in transportation and 

warehousing declined. (See table B-1.)

In August, health care added 71,000 jobs, following a gain of similar magnitude in the prior month.

Over the month, job growth continued in ambulatory health care services (+40,000), nursing and 

residential care facilities (+17,000), and hospitals (+15,000). 

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in August (+40,000). The industry had 

gained an average of 61,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. Employment in the industry 

remains below its pre-pandemic February 2020 level by 290,000, or 1.7 percent. 
-3-

Employment in social assistance increased by 26,000 in August, in line with the prior 12-month average

gain (+22,000). Over the month, job growth continued in individual and family services (+21,000). 

Construction employment continued to trend up in August (+22,000), in line with the average monthly 

gain over the prior 12 months (+17,000). Within the industry, employment continued to trend up over 

the month in specialty trade contractors (+11,000) and in heavy and civil engineering construction 

(+7,000). 

Transportation and warehousing lost 34,000 jobs in August. Employment in truck transportation fell 

sharply (-37,000), largely reflecting a business closure. Couriers and messengers lost 9,000 jobs, while 

air transportation added 3,000 jobs. Employment in transportation and warehousing had shown little net 

change over the prior 12 months. 

Employment in professional and business services changed little in August (+19,000) and has shown 

essentially no net change since May. Professional, scientific, and technical services employment 

continued to trend up over the month (+21,000). In contrast, employment in temporary help services 

continued to trend down (-19,000) and has declined by 242,000 since its peak in March 2022. 

Information employment changed little in August (-15,000). Within the industry, employment in 

motion picture and sound recording industries decreased by 17,000, reflecting strike activity. Job losses 

continued in telecommunications (-4,000). 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 

quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; retail trade; financial 

activities; other services; and government. 

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 8 cents, or 

0.2 percent, to $33.82. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.3 percent. 

In August, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose 

by 6 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $29.00. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 34.4 

hours in August. In manufacturing, the average workweek was 40.1 hours for the fifth month in a row, 

and overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and 

nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours. (See tables 

B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 80,000, from +185,000 

to +105,000, and the change for July was revised down by 30,000, from +187,000 to +157,000. With 

these revisions, employment in June and July combined is 110,000 lower than previously reported. 

(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies 

since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 6, 2023, 

at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Change from:

July 2023-

Aug. 2023

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 264,184 266,801 267,002 267,213 211

Civilian labor force........................................................... 164,714 166,951 167,103 167,839 736

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.3 62.6 62.6 62.8 0.2

Employed................................................................... 158,694 160,994 161,262 161,484 222

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.1 60.3 60.4 60.4 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 6,021 5,957 5,841 6,355 514

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8 0.3

Not in labor force............................................................ 99,469 99,850 99,899 99,374 -525

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8 0.3

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.7 0.4

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.2 0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 10.4 11.0 11.3 12.2 0.9

White.......................................................................... 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.4 0.3

Black or African American.................................................. 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.3 -0.5

Asian.......................................................................... 2.8 3.2 2.3 3.1 0.8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.9 0.5

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 6.1 6.0 5.2 5.4 0.2

High school graduates, no college........................................ 4.4 3.9 3.4 3.8 0.4

Some college or associate degree........................................ 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 -0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,693 2,900 2,620 2,914 294

Job leavers...................................................................... 897 794 852 801 -51

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,833 1,745 1,853 1,930 77

New entrants.................................................................... 451 558 503 597 94

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,227 2,068 2,004 2,221 217

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,797 1,889 1,698 1,877 179

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 887 917 997 1,002 5

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,165 1,105 1,164 1,296 132

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,140 4,191 4,000 4,221 221

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,767 2,890 2,717 2,799 82

Could only find part-time work............................................. 971 948 1,014 1,021 7

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,085 21,267 21,971 21,975 4

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,433 1,435 1,398 1,505 107

Discouraged workers........................................................ 367 310 335 386 51

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 105 157 187

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 86 155 179

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 32 14 36

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 -1 2 -2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 29 16 22

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4 -4 16

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 17 11 12

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 4.2 2.4 -0.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 -13 -15 4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 54 141 143

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 -6.7 18.0 4.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 -22.7 13.2 6.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 -19.1 -10.0 -34.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 0.8 -2.7 2.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 -10 -15 -15

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 17 4

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 -1 -20 19

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 -36.0 -23.9 -18.9

Private education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 79 102 102

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.1 85.9 99.6 97.3

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 26 32 40

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6 7 13

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 19 2 8

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 201 181 150

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 173 165 140

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.8 49.8 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 81.4 81.4 81.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32.43 $33.60 $33.74 $33.82

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,118.84 $1,155.84 $1,157.28 $1,163.41

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.5 115.2 115.0 115.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.0 185.1 185.5 186.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (250 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 55.2 56.8 63.8

Manufacturing (72 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 53.5 47.9 55.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

130,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 122,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 666,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2022 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -80,000 to +180,000 

(50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264,184 267,002 267,213 264,184 266,443 266,618 266,801 267,002 267,213

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164,971 168,354 168,049 164,714 166,688 166,818 166,951 167,103 167,839

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 63.1 62.9 62.3 62.6 62.6 62.6 62.6 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,714 161,982 161,427 158,694 161,031 160,721 160,994 161,262 161,484

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 60.7 60.4 60.1 60.4 60.3 60.3 60.4 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,256 6,372 6,623 6,021 5,657 6,097 5,957 5,841 6,355

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,213 98,649 99,164 99,469 99,755 99,800 99,850 99,899 99,374

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,633 5,578 5,482 5,534 5,271 5,477 5,389 5,247 5,370

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,722 130,507 130,608 128,722 130,234 130,319 130,408 130,507 130,608

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,649 89,647 89,299 87,366 88,686 88,704 88,836 88,695 89,082

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 68.7 68.4 67.9 68.1 68.1 68.1 68.0 68.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,504 86,417 85,838 84,081 85,611 85,410 85,547 85,492 85,493

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 66.2 65.7 65.3 65.7 65.5 65.6 65.5 65.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,145 3,231 3,461 3,284 3,075 3,294 3,289 3,203 3,589

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,072 40,859 41,310 41,356 41,548 41,616 41,572 41,811 41,527

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,058 121,735 121,832 120,058 121,488 121,565 121,646 121,735 121,832

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,180 86,062 85,868 84,192 85,439 85,487 85,774 85,739 85,934

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 70.7 70.5 70.1 70.3 70.3 70.5 70.4 70.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,401 83,320 82,865 81,263 82,661 82,526 82,868 82,922 82,777

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 68.4 68.0 67.7 68.0 67.9 68.1 68.1 67.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,780 2,743 3,003 2,929 2,778 2,961 2,906 2,817 3,157

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,878 35,673 35,964 35,867 36,049 36,078 35,871 35,997 35,898

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,462 136,496 136,605 135,462 136,209 136,299 136,393 136,496 136,605

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,321 78,706 78,750 77,349 78,002 78,114 78,115 78,408 78,757

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 57.7 57.6 57.1 57.3 57.3 57.3 57.4 57.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,210 75,565 75,589 74,613 75,420 75,311 75,448 75,769 75,991

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 55.4 55.3 55.1 55.4 55.3 55.3 55.5 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,111 3,141 3,162 2,736 2,582 2,803 2,668 2,638 2,766

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,141 57,790 57,854 58,113 58,207 58,185 58,277 58,088 57,847

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,034 128,028 128,132 127,034 127,761 127,845 127,932 128,028 128,132

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,850 74,856 75,305 74,098 74,868 75,005 74,927 75,205 75,541

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 58.5 58.8 58.3 58.6 58.7 58.6 58.7 59.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,067 72,120 72,515 71,676 72,575 72,518 72,567 72,877 73,121

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 56.3 56.6 56.4 56.8 56.7 56.7 56.9 57.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,783 2,737 2,790 2,422 2,293 2,486 2,360 2,328 2,419

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,185 53,171 52,826 52,936 52,893 52,840 53,005 52,822 52,591

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,091 17,239 17,249 17,091 17,194 17,208 17,223 17,239 17,249

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,940 7,435 6,876 6,424 6,382 6,326 6,250 6,159 6,365

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 43.1 39.9 37.6 37.1 36.8 36.3 35.7 36.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,247 6,542 6,046 5,754 5,796 5,676 5,559 5,462 5,586

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.5 38.0 35.1 33.7 33.7 33.0 32.3 31.7 32.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 893 830 670 586 650 691 696 779

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 12.0 12.1 10.4 9.2 10.3 11.0 11.3 12.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,151 9,804 10,373 10,667 10,813 10,882 10,973 11,080 10,885

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203,324 204,536 204,645 203,324 204,261 204,345 204,433 204,536 204,645

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,264 128,184 128,092 126,147 127,174 127,273 127,306 127,329 127,976

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 62.7 62.6 62.0 62.3 62.3 62.3 62.3 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,115 123,917 123,531 122,125 123,224 123,112 123,389 123,393 123,571

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 60.6 60.4 60.1 60.3 60.2 60.4 60.3 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,148 4,267 4,561 4,022 3,950 4,161 3,917 3,936 4,405

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,061 76,352 76,553 77,177 77,087 77,072 77,127 77,207 76,669

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,545 66,599 66,480 65,616 66,299 66,433 66,543 66,414 66,565

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.9 70.3 70.2 69.9 70.1 70.2 70.3 70.2 70.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,660 64,674 64,374 63,592 64,363 64,343 64,545 64,423 64,324

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 68.3 68.0 67.8 68.1 68.0 68.2 68.0 67.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,885 1,925 2,106 2,024 1,936 2,089 1,998 1,991 2,241

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,399 55,899 56,243 55,625 55,882 55,950 55,994 56,188 56,451

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 57.4 57.7 57.3 57.5 57.5 57.6 57.7 58.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,608 54,099 54,361 54,087 54,304 54,323 54,536 54,690 54,826

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.6 55.8 55.7 55.9 55.9 56.1 56.2 56.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,791 1,800 1,882 1,538 1,578 1,627 1,458 1,498 1,625

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,320 5,686 5,369 4,907 4,993 4,890 4,769 4,727 4,960

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.6 45.4 42.9 39.3 39.9 39.1 38.1 37.8 39.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,848 5,145 4,796 4,446 4,557 4,445 4,308 4,281 4,421

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.8 41.1 38.3 35.6 36.4 35.5 34.4 34.2 35.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 542 573 460 436 445 461 447 539

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 9.5 10.7 9.4 8.7 9.1 9.7 9.5 10.9

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,171 34,678 34,714 34,171 34,583 34,613 34,644 34,678 34,714

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,259 21,993 21,837 21,129 21,790 21,874 21,695 21,751 21,746

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 63.4 62.9 61.8 63.0 63.2 62.6 62.7 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,824 20,596 20,613 19,785 20,766 20,641 20,402 20,496 20,596

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 59.4 59.4 57.9 60.0 59.6 58.9 59.1 59.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,436 1,396 1,224 1,344 1,025 1,234 1,292 1,255 1,150

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.3 5.6 6.4 4.7 5.6 6.0 5.8 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,912 12,686 12,878 13,042 12,793 12,738 12,949 12,927 12,969

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,777 10,197 10,182 9,714 10,005 10,084 10,053 10,114 10,131

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 68.9 68.7 66.9 67.8 68.2 68.0 68.3 68.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,199 9,656 9,678 9,133 9,556 9,519 9,465 9,576 9,620

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 65.2 65.3 62.9 64.7 64.4 64.0 64.7 64.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 542 504 582 449 565 588 538 511

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.3 5.0 6.0 4.5 5.6 5.9 5.3 5.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,654 10,905 10,859 10,640 11,054 11,051 10,886 10,922 10,872

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 62.9 62.6 62.0 63.9 63.9 62.9 63.0 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,947 10,265 10,277 10,017 10,573 10,469 10,300 10,353 10,359

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 59.2 59.2 58.4 61.1 60.5 59.5 59.7 59.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 640 582 624 481 582 586 569 514

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 5.9 5.4 5.9 4.4 5.3 5.4 5.2 4.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 890 796 774 732 740 756 715 742

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 35.1 31.3 31.2 29.0 29.2 29.8 28.2 29.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678 676 658 635 637 653 638 568 617

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 26.6 25.9 25.6 25.2 25.8 25.1 22.3 24.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 215 138 139 95 87 118 148 125

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.2 24.1 17.3 18.0 12.9 11.7 15.6 20.7 16.9

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,989 17,600 17,515 16,989 17,557 17,511 17,491 17,600 17,515

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,166 11,636 11,552 11,084 11,396 11,408 11,435 11,556 11,486

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 66.1 66.0 65.2 64.9 65.1 65.4 65.7 65.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,841 11,343 11,176 10,778 11,073 11,073 11,073 11,288 11,131

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 64.4 63.8 63.4 63.1 63.2 63.3 64.1 63.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 294 376 305 323 335 363 267 355

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.5 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.3 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,823 5,964 5,963 5,906 6,162 6,104 6,056 6,044 6,029

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 46,287 47,569 47,671 46,287 47,288 47,380 47,473 47,569 47,671

Civilian labor force................................ 30,920 32,116 31,960 30,920 31,589 31,690 31,943 32,052 31,977

Participation rate............................... 66.8 67.5 67.0 66.8 66.8 66.9 67.3 67.4 67.1

Employed....................................... 29,498 30,668 30,382 29,526 30,185 30,407 30,571 30,637 30,420

Employment-population ratio............... 63.7 64.5 63.7 63.8 63.8 64.2 64.4 64.4 63.8

Unemployed.................................... 1,422 1,448 1,578 1,395 1,404 1,283 1,372 1,416 1,557

Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.9

Not in labor force................................. 15,367 15,453 15,711 15,367 15,699 15,690 15,530 15,517 15,694

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,651 17,271 17,170 16,633 16,956 17,123 17,224 17,290 17,164

Participation rate............................... 79.4 79.9 79.3 79.3 78.9 79.5 79.8 80.0 79.2

Employed....................................... 15,998 16,660 16,465 15,967 16,260 16,434 16,576 16,599 16,433

Employment-population ratio............... 76.3 77.1 76.0 76.1 75.7 76.3 76.8 76.8 75.9

Unemployed.................................... 653 611 706 666 696 690 649 691 731

Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 3.5 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 12,746 13,179 13,279 12,807 13,111 13,150 13,182 13,271 13,343

Participation rate............................... 60.6 61.1 61.5 60.9 61.2 61.2 61.3 61.6 61.8

Employed....................................... 12,177 12,617 12,663 12,260 12,576 12,700 12,638 12,745 12,752

Employment-population ratio............... 57.9 58.5 58.6 58.3 58.7 59.1 58.7 59.1 59.0

Unemployed.................................... 569 562 616 546 534 450 544 525 591

Unemployment rate......................... 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.4 4.1 4.0 4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,524 1,667 1,510 1,481 1,522 1,417 1,537 1,492 1,470

Participation rate............................... 35.6 37.9 34.3 34.6 34.9 32.4 35.0 33.9 33.4

Employed....................................... 1,323 1,391 1,254 1,299 1,349 1,273 1,357 1,292 1,236

Employment-population ratio............... 30.9 31.6 28.5 30.3 30.9 29.1 31.0 29.4 28.0

Unemployed.................................... 201 276 257 182 174 144 180 200 235

Unemployment rate......................... 13.2 16.5 17.0 12.3 11.4 10.1 11.7 13.4 16.0

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 8,623 8,741 9,210 8,654 9,082 9,140 9,184 8,926 9,239

Participation rate.................................. 45.2 46.7 47.4 45.4 46.3 45.7 46.6 47.7 47.6

Employed.......................................... 8,153 8,303 8,774 8,124 8,595 8,621 8,632 8,459 8,743

Employment-population ratio................. 42.8 44.3 45.2 42.6 43.8 43.1 43.8 45.2 45.0

Unemployed....................................... 469 438 436 530 487 519 552 467 496

Unemployment rate............................ 5.4 5.0 4.7 6.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 5.2 5.4

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,903 35,766 36,349 35,819 35,752 36,022 36,038 35,980 36,243

Participation rate.................................. 56.6 56.2 56.7 56.4 56.4 56.8 57.0 56.5 56.5

Employed.......................................... 34,354 34,572 34,957 34,259 34,345 34,611 34,638 34,763 34,851

Employment-population ratio................. 54.1 54.3 54.5 54.0 54.2 54.6 54.7 54.6 54.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,549 1,193 1,392 1,560 1,407 1,411 1,400 1,217 1,391

Unemployment rate............................ 4.3 3.3 3.8 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.8

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,262 35,640 35,560 35,606 35,668 35,407 35,564 35,730 35,867

Participation rate.................................. 62.4 62.6 62.7 63.0 63.0 63.1 62.5 62.7 63.3

Employed.......................................... 34,147 34,452 34,393 34,559 34,650 34,273 34,472 34,612 34,780

Employment-population ratio................. 60.5 60.5 60.7 61.2 61.2 61.1 60.5 60.7 61.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,115 1,188 1,167 1,046 1,018 1,134 1,092 1,118 1,087

Unemployment rate............................ 3.2 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 63,343 64,525 64,112 63,609 64,077 64,201 64,274 64,817 64,398

Participation rate.................................. 72.6 73.1 73.2 72.9 73.3 73.1 73.4 73.4 73.5

Employed.......................................... 61,949 63,032 62,469 62,426 62,835 62,879 63,010 63,522 62,986

Employment-population ratio................. 71.0 71.4 71.3 71.6 71.8 71.6 72.0 71.9 71.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,394 1,494 1,643 1,183 1,241 1,322 1,264 1,295 1,412

Unemployment rate............................ 2.2 2.3 2.6 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,336 17,879 16,306 15,836 2,030 2,043

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,745 8,680 7,530 7,542 1,214 1,138

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 48.5 46.2 47.6 59.8 55.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,538 8,371 7,355 7,291 1,182 1,080

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.6 46.8 45.1 46.0 58.2 52.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 309 175 251 32 58

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 3.6 2.3 3.3 2.6 5.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,591 9,199 8,776 8,294 816 905

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,921 5,012 4,045 4,088 875 924

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,863 3,983 3,210 3,337 652 647

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.5 79.5 79.4 81.6 74.5 70.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,791 3,810 3,151 3,202 639 608

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 76.0 77.9 78.3 73.0 65.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 173 59 135 13 39

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 4.3 1.8 4.0 2.0 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,058 1,029 835 751 223 277

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,236 3,006 2,738 2,558 499 448

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,295 2,173 1,973 1,863 322 310

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.9 72.3 72.1 72.8 64.5 69.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,248 2,126 1,933 1,827 315 299

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.5 70.7 70.6 71.4 63.2 66.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 47 40 36 7 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.0 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941 833 765 695 177 138

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,202 5,941 5,955 5,689 247 252

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901 833 843 815 58 18

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 14.0 14.2 14.3 23.5 7.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 806 799 788 58 18

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 13.6 13.4 13.9 23.5 7.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 27 44 27 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 3.2 5.3 3.3 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,301 5,108 5,112 4,874 189 234

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,977 3,920 3,568 3,501 409 419

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,686 1,690 1,504 1,528 182 162

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 43.1 42.2 43.6 44.5 38.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,642 1,629 1,472 1,475 170 154

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3 41.6 41.3 42.1 41.5 36.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 62 32 53 12 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.6 2.1 3.5 6.8 5.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,291 2,230 2,064 1,973 227 257

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,620 240,285 107,727 110,139 128,893 130,146

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,429 156,713 78,796 80,461 74,634 76,252

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 65.2 73.1 73.1 57.9 58.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,631 150,694 75,961 77,389 71,670 73,305

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.7 70.5 70.3 55.6 56.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,799 6,019 2,835 3,072 2,963 2,947

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,190 83,572 28,931 29,677 54,260 53,894

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 32,316 34,059 231,868 233,154

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 7,283 8,477 157,687 159,573

Participation rate..................................................................... 22.5 24.9 68.0 68.4

Employed............................................................................. 6,721 7,849 151,993 153,578

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 20.8 23.0 65.6 65.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 562 627 5,694 5,995

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.7 7.4 3.6 3.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 25,033 25,582 74,180 73,582

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,962 3,563 78,559 79,618

Participation rate..................................................................... 37.5 42.0 82.8 83.3

Employed............................................................................. 2,725 3,276 75,850 76,659

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 34.5 38.6 80.0 80.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 237 287 2,708 2,959

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.0 8.0 3.4 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,944 4,914 16,293 15,997

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 3,101 3,528 69,489 70,078

Participation rate..................................................................... 37.8 40.4 72.2 73.1

Employed............................................................................. 2,858 3,257 66,773 67,402

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 34.8 37.3 69.4 70.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 243 271 2,716 2,676

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.8 7.7 3.9 3.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,107 5,210 26,744 25,840

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,220 1,386 9,640 9,876

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.5 8.2 23.6 23.7

Employed............................................................................. 1,138 1,317 9,370 9,516

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.0 7.8 23.0 22.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 82 70 269 360

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.7 5.0 2.8 3.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,982 15,458 31,143 31,744

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 44,860 46,818 21,778 22,854 23,082 23,964

Civilian labor force.................................................. 29,817 31,567 17,034 17,972 12,783 13,595

Participation rate.................................................. 66.5 67.4 78.2 78.6 55.4 56.7

Employed.......................................................... 28,654 30,396 16,438 17,380 12,216 13,015

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.9 64.9 75.5 76.0 52.9 54.3

Unemployed....................................................... 1,163 1,171 596 591 567 580

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 4.4 4.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,043 15,251 4,744 4,883 10,299 10,369

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 219,324 220,395 106,944 107,754 112,380 112,641

Civilian labor force.................................................. 135,153 136,482 70,616 71,327 64,538 65,155

Participation rate.................................................. 61.6 61.9 66.0 66.2 57.4 57.8

Employed.......................................................... 130,060 131,031 68,066 68,458 61,994 62,573

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.3 59.5 63.6 63.5 55.2 55.6

Unemployed....................................................... 5,093 5,452 2,549 2,870 2,544 2,582

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.8 4.0 3.6 4.0 3.9 4.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 84,170 83,913 36,328 36,427 47,842 47,486

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,207 2,392 2,326 2,173 2,301 2,301 2,311 2,261 2,296

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,503 1,633 1,582 1,486 1,536 1,569 1,591 1,519 1,559

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 671 719 717 648 715 672 674 688 695

Unpaid family workers........................... 32 40 27 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 156,507 159,590 159,101 156,699 158,639 158,416 158,853 159,099 159,321

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 147,362 150,596 150,171 147,381 149,383 149,512 149,632 149,974 150,217

Government..................................... 20,744 20,293 20,684 21,216 21,678 21,434 21,552 21,161 21,199

Private industries............................... 126,618 130,303 129,487 126,048 127,655 128,050 128,110 128,778 128,891

Private households.......................... 777 689 681 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 125,840 129,614 128,807 125,357 126,942 127,337 127,470 128,166 128,282

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,081 8,930 8,886 8,992 9,100 8,731 8,917 8,814 8,809

Unpaid family workers........................... 64 63 44 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,060 4,158 4,143 4,140 3,903 3,739 4,191 4,000 4,221

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,673 2,743 2,712 2,767 2,760 2,582 2,890 2,717 2,799

Could only find part-time work.................. 932 1,078 1,003 971 817 824 948 1,014 1,021

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,618 20,648 20,506 21,085 21,796 21,864 21,267 21,971 21,975

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 3,996 4,082 4,084 4,063 3,841 3,725 4,095 3,913 4,110

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,630 2,693 2,670 2,724 2,715 2,566 2,835 2,657 2,757

Could only find part-time work.................. 914 1,073 999 958 807 821 943 1,012 1,021

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,333 20,202 20,084 20,754 21,400 21,496 20,913 21,539 21,522

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,714 161,982 161,427 158,694 161,031 160,721 160,994 161,262 161,484

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,247 6,542 6,046 5,754 5,796 5,676 5,559 5,462 5,586

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,546 2,539 2,362 2,257 2,209 2,240 2,177 2,083 2,098

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,701 4,003 3,684 3,483 3,594 3,450 3,372 3,353 3,461

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,468 155,439 155,381 152,939 155,236 155,045 155,435 155,799 155,898

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,864 15,080 14,787 13,668 14,843 14,816 14,741 14,559 14,606

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,604 140,359 140,593 139,231 140,452 140,314 140,612 141,160 141,194

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,645 102,940 103,133 102,028 103,220 103,209 103,384 103,539 103,531

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,362 35,997 35,810 35,509 35,866 35,814 35,755 36,168 35,974

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,592 35,173 35,375 34,689 35,285 35,257 35,391 35,379 35,478

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,691 31,771 31,948 31,830 32,069 32,138 32,238 31,992 32,080

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,959 37,418 37,461 37,204 37,232 37,105 37,228 37,620 37,663

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,504 86,417 85,838 84,081 85,611 85,410 85,547 85,492 85,493

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,103 3,097 2,973 2,818 2,951 2,884 2,679 2,570 2,716

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,188 1,167 1,158 1,037 1,079 1,043 972 943 1,009

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,915 1,930 1,815 1,760 1,878 1,844 1,695 1,606 1,668

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,401 83,320 82,865 81,263 82,661 82,526 82,868 82,922 82,777

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,096 7,789 7,530 6,912 7,491 7,509 7,541 7,435 7,369

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,305 75,531 75,335 74,252 75,207 75,088 75,233 75,462 75,297

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,246 55,437 55,335 54,199 55,184 55,174 55,263 55,358 55,300

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,731 19,365 19,198 18,735 19,134 19,145 19,130 19,338 19,215

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,700 19,155 19,097 18,647 18,997 18,998 19,143 19,103 19,053

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,816 16,918 17,040 16,817 17,053 17,031 16,990 16,917 17,032

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,059 20,094 20,000 20,053 20,023 19,914 19,971 20,104 19,997

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,210 75,565 75,589 74,613 75,420 75,311 75,448 75,769 75,991

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,143 3,445 3,073 2,936 2,845 2,793 2,880 2,892 2,870

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358 1,372 1,204 1,221 1,130 1,196 1,205 1,140 1,089

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,786 2,073 1,869 1,723 1,716 1,606 1,677 1,746 1,793

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,067 72,120 72,515 71,676 72,575 72,518 72,567 72,877 73,121

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,768 7,291 7,257 6,756 7,353 7,307 7,201 7,125 7,237

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,299 64,828 65,258 64,979 65,245 65,226 65,378 65,697 65,897

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,399 47,504 47,797 47,828 48,036 48,035 48,121 48,181 48,232

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,631 16,632 16,611 16,773 16,732 16,669 16,625 16,830 16,759

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,892 16,018 16,279 16,042 16,288 16,259 16,248 16,276 16,425

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,876 14,853 14,908 15,013 15,016 15,107 15,248 15,075 15,048

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,900 17,325 17,461 17,151 17,209 17,191 17,258 17,516 17,665

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,365 45,587 45,754 45,488 46,124 45,647 45,844 45,886 45,911

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,249 36,768 36,930 36,778 37,140 36,964 36,847 37,413 37,430

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,918 9,869 9,719 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,630 135,494 135,445 132,336 134,500 134,477 134,859 134,274 134,189

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,085 26,488 25,982 26,250 26,663 26,443 26,181 27,153 27,185

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,485 8,091 7,778 7,747 7,707 7,762 7,995 8,113 8,028

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,672 7,158 6,989 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,752 9,649 9,603 9,640 9,815 9,403 9,591 9,502 9,504

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,021 5,841 6,355 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 670 696 779 10.4 9.2 10.3 11.0 11.3 12.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 243 262 280 9.7 9.4 9.5 11.2 11.2 11.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 428 432 506 10.9 9.4 10.6 10.5 11.4 12.7

20 years and over................................ 5,351 5,145 5,576 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,022 1,046 1,125 7.0 5.4 6.3 6.1 6.7 7.2

25 years and over.............................. 4,299 4,079 4,395 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 3,283 3,181 3,353 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 1,391 1,333 1,446 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 1,029 1,093 1,085 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 863 754 822 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.5

55 years and over........................... 1,018 881 1,036 2.7 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.7

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,284 3,203 3,589 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 4.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 356 386 432 11.2 9.1 10.4 12.5 13.0 13.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 135 144 138 11.5 8.6 8.0 14.1 13.2 12.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 223 238 302 11.2 10.1 11.5 10.5 12.9 15.3

20 years and over................................ 2,929 2,817 3,157 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 609 573 677 8.1 6.0 7.1 6.7 7.2 8.4

25 years and over.............................. 2,294 2,223 2,422 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.1

25 to 54 years............................... 1,740 1,775 1,842 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 720 760 776 3.7 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 567 554 587 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.8 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 453 460 479 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.7

55 years and over........................... 554 449 580 2.7 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.2 2.8

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,736 2,638 2,766 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 314 310 347 9.7 9.2 10.2 9.7 9.7 10.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 108 118 143 8.1 10.2 10.7 8.7 9.4 11.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 205 194 204 10.6 8.7 9.5 10.4 10.0 10.2

20 years and over................................ 2,422 2,328 2,419 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 414 473 448 5.8 4.7 5.4 5.3 6.2 5.8

25 years and over.............................. 2,005 1,856 1,973 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 1,543 1,406 1,511 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.8 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 671 573 670 3.8 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.3 3.8

35 to 44 years............................. 462 540 498 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.2 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 411 293 343 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.3 1.9 2.2

55 years and over........................... 450 408 449 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 932 803 942 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.0

Married women, spouse present1................. 795 782 794 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.1

Women who maintain families2.................... 533 466 499 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,948 4,702 5,129 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.7

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,113 1,150 1,258 4.1 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.4

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,871 2,801 3,053 2,693 2,642 2,960 2,900 2,620 2,914

On temporary layoff.............................. 866 873 870 796 709 767 842 667 789

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,005 1,928 2,183 1,898 1,933 2,193 2,058 1,953 2,125

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,427 1,381 1,600 1,314 1,445 1,588 1,493 1,372 1,538

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 578 547 583 584 488 605 565 581 587

Job leavers........................................... 983 891 876 897 790 765 794 852 801

Reentrants............................................ 1,891 1,989 2,014 1,833 1,761 1,821 1,745 1,853 1,930

New entrants......................................... 511 691 680 451 531 508 558 503 597

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 45.9 44.0 46.1 45.8 46.2 48.9 48.4 44.9 46.7

On temporary layoff.............................. 13.8 13.7 13.1 13.5 12.4 12.7 14.0 11.4 12.6

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 32.0 30.3 33.0 32.3 33.8 36.2 34.3 33.5 34.0

Job leavers........................................... 15.7 14.0 13.2 15.3 13.8 12.6 13.2 14.6 12.8

Reentrants............................................ 30.2 31.2 30.4 31.2 30.8 30.1 29.1 31.8 30.9

New entrants......................................... 8.2 10.8 10.3 7.7 9.3 8.4 9.3 8.6 9.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7

Job leavers........................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,162 2,283 2,173 2,227 1,866 2,083 2,068 2,004 2,221

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,175 2,048 2,280 1,797 1,915 1,865 1,889 1,698 1,877

15 weeks and over.................................. 1,919 2,041 2,171 2,052 1,835 2,046 2,021 2,161 2,298

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 683 820 796 887 679 858 917 997 1,002

27 weeks and over............................... 1,236 1,221 1,374 1,165 1,156 1,188 1,105 1,164 1,296

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 22.1 19.6 20.2 22.3 20.9 21.2 20.7 20.6 20.4

Median duration, in weeks......................... 8.6 8.1 8.8 8.6 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 34.6 35.8 32.8 36.6 33.2 34.8 34.6 34.2 34.7

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 34.8 32.1 34.4 29.6 34.1 31.1 31.6 29.0 29.3

15 weeks and over.................................. 30.7 32.0 32.8 33.8 32.7 34.1 33.8 36.9 35.9

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 10.9 12.9 12.0 14.6 12.1 14.3 15.3 17.0 15.7

27 weeks and over............................... 19.8 19.2 20.7 19.2 20.6 19.8 18.5 19.9 20.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 158,714 161,427 6,256 6,623 3.8 3.9

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 68,377 69,280 1,647 1,712 2.4 2.4

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 30,109 30,458 533 649 1.7 2.1

Professional and related occupations.......................... 38,268 38,822 1,113 1,063 2.8 2.7

Service occupations................................................ 25,675 26,646 1,331 1,344 4.9 4.8

Sales and office occupations...................................... 29,998 30,408 1,133 1,243 3.6 3.9

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,112 14,286 585 580 4.0 3.9

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,886 16,122 549 663 3.3 3.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,226 14,606 602 581 4.1 3.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,037 1,074 84 76 7.5 6.6

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,312 8,530 430 413 4.9 4.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,877 5,002 88 92 1.8 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 20,438 20,486 1,014 1,024 4.7 4.8

Production occupations.......................................... 8,486 8,526 367 282 4.1 3.2

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,952 11,960 646 742 5.1 5.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,256 6,623 3.8 3.9

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,786 4,938 3.6 3.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 16 16 2.6 2.5

Construction.......................................................................... 401 424 3.9 3.9

Manufacturing........................................................................ 515 433 3.3 2.7

Durable goods..................................................................... 278 264 2.8 2.6

Nondurable goods................................................................ 237 169 4.1 3.0

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 724 766 3.7 3.8

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 349 370 4.3 4.4

Information............................................................................ 84 106 3.2 4.1

Financial activities................................................................... 181 224 1.8 2.2

Professional and business services............................................... 688 729 3.5 3.7

Education and health services..................................................... 760 822 3.1 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 839 817 6.1 5.8

Other services........................................................................ 231 232 3.3 3.5

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 105 93 6.7 5.8

Government workers................................................................... 591 599 2.8 2.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 263 313 2.6 3.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.7 4.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.0 6.6 6.7 6.9 6.7 7.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

Aug.

2022

Aug.

2023

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 99,213 99,164 41,072 41,310 58,141 57,854

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,633 5,482 2,572 2,480 3,061 3,002

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,412 1,500 757 732 655 768

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 337 364 209 247 128 117

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,074 1,136 548 485 526 652

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,485 7,778 3,709 3,691 3,776 4,087

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.3 5.1 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,237 4,582 2,307 2,372 1,930 2,210

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,573 1,868 515 657 1,057 1,211

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 440 367 255 202 186 164

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,157 859 595 431 562 427

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July2023 -

Aug.2023p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,285 156,905 156,034 156,302 153,332 156,075 156,232 156,419 187

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,870 134,351 134,479 134,499 131,101 133,427 133,582 133,761 179

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,573 21,847 21,879 21,911 21,283 21,582 21,596 21,632 36

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619 648 652 650 611 642 644 642 -2

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.1 46.0 48.4 47.8 45.6 46.2 47.2 46.3 -0.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 572.1 601.9 603.8 602.4 565.0 595.5 596.6 596.1 -0.5

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.6 118.4 119.2 119.8 115.6 118.1 118.3 118.7 0.4

Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.3 190.6 191.7 190.0 183.5 186.9 187.6 186.5 -1.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 41.7 42.0 41.3 40.6 41.5 41.8 41.3 -0.5

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.4 44.2 44.3 44.3 43.0 43.7 43.8 44.0 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.3 104.7 105.4 104.4 99.9 101.7 102.0 101.2 -0.8

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.2 292.9 292.9 292.6 265.9 290.5 290.7 290.9 0.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,992 8,141 8,188 8,202 7,781 7,955 7,971 7,993 22

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,789.3 1,829.0 1,835.3 1,833.5 1,752.5 1,796.9 1,796.1 1,800.3 4.2

Residential building construction. . . . . . . . . . . . 942.6 947.1 942.2 940.4 924.5 929.5 922.2 924.6 2.4

Nonresidential building construction. . . . . . . . . 846.7 881.9 893.1 893.1 828.0 867.4 873.9 875.7 1.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,125.5 1,161.0 1,170.4 1,179.7 1,075.4 1,115.9 1,120.7 1,127.8 7.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,077.6 5,150.7 5,182.7 5,189.2 4,952.9 5,041.9 5,053.7 5,064.8 11.1

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,360.9 2,400.2 2,415.2 2,402.9 2,309.0 2,345.7 2,352.3 2,351.3 -1.0

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,716.7 2,750.5 2,767.5 2,786.3 2,643.9 2,696.2 2,701.4 2,713.5 12.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,962 13,058 13,039 13,059 12,891 12,985 12,981 12,997 16

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,050 8,172 8,156 8,178 8,018 8,125 8,136 8,148 12

Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432.1 424.6 422.2 425.4 430.3 422.5 420.6 423.7 3.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.6 438.0 437.8 438.2 423.1 431.4 432.3 432.5 0.2

Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.7 370.5 371.9 370.4 364.2 370.2 371.6 370.7 -0.9

Fabricated metal product manufacturing. . . . 1,439.5 1,461.2 1,457.6 1,457.4 1,437.2 1,453.2 1,450.8 1,455.4 4.6

Machinery manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,112.8 1,140.6 1,139.8 1,138.7 1,108.7 1,130.5 1,131.5 1,135.1 3.6

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100.7 1,110.6 1,113.6 1,109.5 1,095.5 1,104.2 1,106.0 1,104.1 -1.9

Computer and peripheral equipment

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.7 169.1 169.3 168.3 164.1 168.3 168.3 167.8 -0.5

Communications equipment

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.2 86.4 86.6 85.6 85.2 85.3 85.6 85.5 -0.1

Semiconductor and other electronic

component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.2 390.7 390.5 388.7 391.9 388.2 387.0 386.5 -0.5

Navigational, measuring, electromedical,

and control instruments

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.9 430.7 433.2 433.5 422.3 429.2 431.6 431.4 -0.2

Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic

and optical media and audio and video

equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 33.7 34.0 33.4 32.0 33.2 33.5 32.9 -0.6

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.3 405.7 407.5 409.3 405.0 402.7 405.2 408.9 3.7

Transportation equipment manufacturing1

. . . 1,749.9 1,822.8 1,808.3 1,835.7 1,742.3 1,817.7 1,826.5 1,827.1 0.6

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030.8 1,068.9 1,051.2 1,078.8 1,025.2 1,070.6 1,073.0 1,072.9 -0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380.0 365.1 361.9 358.4 380.2 362.7 360.5 358.9 -1.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635.9 632.8 635.2 635.3 631.7 629.9 631.3 631.8 0.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,912 4,886 4,883 4,881 4,873 4,860 4,845 4,849 4

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,724.1 1,721.8 1,728.1 1,731.2 1,700.6 1,718.8 1,713.3 1,715.3 2.0

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.8 94.5 94.2 93.2 98.4 93.7 93.8 92.8 -1.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.1 99.5 99.1 99.2 103.3 99.6 99.0 99.7 0.7

Apparel manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.6 93.3 91.0 91.1 93.4 92.3 91.0 91.2 0.2

Paper manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.5 350.8 349.3 348.8 361.1 350.4 349.8 349.4 -0.4

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 383.9 377.1 376.8 376.2 383.1 376.3 376.1 375.8 -0.3

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.7 109.2 108.5 108.5 104.4 106.6 105.4 106.2 0.8

Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913.9 922.7 919.7 921.9 911.7 918.2 914.8 919.6 4.8

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762.9 748.7 745.3 740.4 762.3 744.2 741.9 738.2 -3.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July2023 -

Aug.2023p

Nondurable goods - Continued

Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied

product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.5 368.7 371.1 370.6 354.8 359.7 359.9 360.8 0.9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,297 112,504 112,600 112,588 109,818 111,845 111,986 112,129 143

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,640 28,816 28,786 28,737 28,777 28,850 28,868 28,848 -20

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,014.6 6,080.3 6,101.8 6,090.4 5,995.5 6,047.4 6,065.4 6,070.1 4.7

Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . . 3,315.2 3,355.7 3,368.6 3,363.4 3,306.4 3,339.7 3,350.3 3,354.0 3.7

Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . . 2,176.3 2,200.6 2,204.7 2,195.0 2,167.7 2,184.4 2,188.3 2,186.4 -1.9

Wholesale trade agents and brokers. . . . . . . . 523.1 524.0 528.5 532.0 521.4 523.3 526.8 529.7 2.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,487.3 15,537.8 15,551.4 15,530.9 15,513.4 15,525.4 15,538.6 15,544.9 6.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,025.9 2,049.8 2,051.0 2,054.6 2,012.8 2,034.7 2,038.6 2,041.5 2.9

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,259.0 1,261.7 1,260.5 1,265.4 1,253.5 1,257.1 1,258.3 1,260.2 1.9

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.2 186.4 185.7 183.3 175.6 177.2 177.1 176.9 -0.2

Automotive parts, accessories, and tire

retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.7 601.7 604.8 605.9 583.6 600.4 603.2 604.4 1.2

Building material and garden equipment

and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,425.0 1,427.9 1,405.1 1,375.3 1,417.6 1,365.7 1,369.2 1,369.0 -0.2

Food and beverage retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,223.1 3,250.6 3,266.0 3,256.8 3,210.2 3,240.7 3,246.3 3,246.9 0.6

Furniture, home furnishings, electronics,

and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895.9 845.7 837.8 835.6 906.6 853.3 848.0 843.2 -4.8

Furniture and home furnishings retailers.. . 450.1 433.7 428.9 429.4 455.5 437.9 435.8 435.0 -0.8

Electronics and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . 445.8 412.0 408.9 406.2 455.3 418.3 415.9 412.3 -3.6

General merchandise retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,076.5 3,128.8 3,139.7 3,147.2 3,139.2 3,185.9 3,186.9 3,191.9 5.0

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934.0 931.7 931.6 937.3 960.6 963.7 959.1 959.4 0.3

Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and

other general merchandise retailers. . . . 2,142.5 2,197.1 2,208.1 2,209.9 2,178.7 2,222.2 2,227.8 2,232.5 4.7

Health and personal care retailers. . . . . . . . . . . 1,092.1 1,096.5 1,090.3 1,085.9 1,102.4 1,105.1 1,103.8 1,098.4 -5.4

Gasoline stations and fuel dealers. . . . . . . . . . 1,056.0 1,080.5 1,087.0 1,089.8 1,042.0 1,071.1 1,074.0 1,075.0 1.0

Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and

jewelry retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,147.8 1,120.8 1,131.3 1,145.2 1,146.0 1,134.8 1,137.9 1,144.1 6.2

Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument,

book, and miscellaneous retailers. . . . . . . . . 1,545.0 1,537.2 1,543.2 1,540.5 1,536.6 1,534.1 1,533.9 1,534.9 1.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,580.8 6,638.1 6,573.6 6,556.2 6,712.1 6,719.5 6,709.5 6,675.3 -34.2

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.5 546.2 548.4 550.8 511.0 540.9 543.8 547.2 3.4

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.8 150.5 150.5 150.5 146.5 150.2 150.3 150.2 -0.1

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 71.8 71.2 71.3 65.6 68.7 67.5 68.8 1.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,617.9 1,619.8 1,619.9 1,584.2 1,600.0 1,607.8 1,604.3 1,567.6 -36.7

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358.8 425.0 378.4 382.7 416.6 436.8 435.9 441.4 5.5

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 47.9 47.8 47.4 48.6 47.5 47.4 47.4 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 38.7 41.4 44.5 44.4 31.9 36.2 36.9 37.5 0.6

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 798.4 807.5 811.8 815.4 796.6 814.1 815.5 815.7 0.2

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,068.6 1,060.0 1,042.3 1,042.7 1,144.7 1,114.2 1,109.3 1,100.3 -9.0

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,920.7 1,868.0 1,858.8 1,866.8 1,950.6 1,903.1 1,898.6 1,899.2 0.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.8 560.2 559.1 559.2 555.5 557.5 554.8 557.3 2.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,126 3,102 3,088 3,066 3,110 3,081 3,066 3,051 -15

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.5 475.4 468.4 449.7 461.9 463.6 454.4 437.6 -16.8

Publishing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954.7 940.1 933.6 937.0 951.5 933.6 929.3 933.4 4.1

Broadcasting and content providers. . . . . . . . . . . 358.3 352.5 351.3 348.2 358.1 351.8 352.4 348.8 -3.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666.6 648.8 644.6 636.9 667.3 647.1 641.3 637.7 -3.6

Computing infrastructure providers, data

processing, web hosting, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.6 494.5 498.1 503.4 477.1 494.5 498.7 504.5 5.8

Web search portals, libraries, archives, and

other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.4 190.7 191.8 191.1 194.5 190.7 190.1 189.2 -0.9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,121 9,181 9,223 9,209 9,066 9,137 9,154 9,158 4

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,703.7 6,731.0 6,753.0 6,747.6 6,686.4 6,717.1 6,724.8 6,728.2 3.4

Monetary authorities-central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 22.2 22.4 22.1 21.4 22.1 22.0 22.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,696.6 2,675.2 2,675.8 2,668.3 2,688.5 2,668.0 2,666.4 2,660.7 -5.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July2023 -

Aug.2023p

Credit intermediation and related -

Continued

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,771.9 1,790.8 1,792.6 1,786.7 1,765.9 1,785.2 1,784.3 1,782.0 -2.3

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,372.3 1,379.4 1,379.2 1,375.0 1,367.3 1,375.1 1,372.5 1,371.0 -1.5

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 595.8 570.8 571.2 566.7 594.0 569.3 569.0 564.7 -4.3

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 328.9 313.6 312.0 314.9 328.6 313.5 313.1 314.0 0.9

Securities, commodity contracts, funds,

trusts, and other financial vehicles,

investments, and related activities. . . . . . . . 1,066.7 1,090.6 1,099.2 1,097.1 1,057.4 1,085.9 1,085.5 1,087.0 1.5

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,918.8 2,943.0 2,955.6 2,960.1 2,919.1 2,941.1 2,950.9 2,958.5 7.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,417.4 2,449.7 2,470.4 2,461.3 2,379.9 2,419.8 2,428.8 2,429.3 0.5

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,837.9 1,857.3 1,869.1 1,862.8 1,819.3 1,845.9 1,849.2 1,850.2 1.0

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.7 569.7 578.6 575.6 538.2 551.6 557.2 556.5 -0.7

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

(except copyrighted works). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 22.7 22.7 22.9 22.4 22.3 22.4 22.6 0.2

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,795 23,070 23,056 23,096 22,707 23,016 22,996 23,015 19

Professional, scientific, and technical

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,595.9 10,889.3 10,954.6 10,935.8 10,595.3 10,895.9 10,915.2 10,935.8 20.6

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,177.3 1,194.9 1,192.3 1,174.2 1,176.6 1,182.1 1,179.9 1,175.7 -4.2

Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping,

and payroll services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073.5 1,125.2 1,130.1 1,118.5 1,123.5 1,163.1 1,164.0 1,166.7 2.7

Architectural, engineering, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,642.9 1,703.9 1,709.5 1,709.7 1,622.7 1,684.0 1,684.8 1,688.8 4.0

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.3 161.2 160.4 160.5 153.8 159.9 159.9 160.1 0.2

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,478.3 2,501.5 2,525.0 2,537.1 2,468.8 2,509.4 2,516.8 2,527.2 10.4

Management, scientific, and technical

consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,805.9 1,874.9 1,888.1 1,884.3 1,802.9 1,880.0 1,884.4 1,883.7 -0.7

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.7 945.2 954.0 957.3 902.9 936.3 938.5 946.4 7.9

Advertising, public relations, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.3 498.3 500.2 503.7 494.6 497.3 498.0 500.9 2.9

Other professional, scientific, and technical

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.7 884.2 895.0 890.5 849.6 883.8 888.9 886.3 -2.6

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,506.9 2,533.4 2,537.3 2,531.7 2,496.5 2,519.3 2,519.8 2,521.7 1.9

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services. . . . . 9,692.4 9,647.2 9,564.3 9,628.8 9,615.3 9,600.8 9,561.0 9,557.3 -3.7

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,206.1 9,148.4 9,063.2 9,124.1 9,133.7 9,104.7 9,064.3 9,058.3 -6.0

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 606.7 623.2 623.2 622.9 600.0 619.1 618.2 618.5 0.3

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.3 163.5 165.8 166.2 157.0 164.8 164.3 164.4 0.1

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,865.4 3,701.0 3,620.1 3,678.2 3,906.4 3,771.1 3,737.5 3,722.5 -15.0

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,083.8 2,926.3 2,855.3 2,895.0 3,120.0 2,978.3 2,954.4 2,935.5 -18.9

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782.2 750.0 745.1 743.1 793.8 759.1 757.3 753.5 -3.8

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.5 184.9 186.0 186.7 171.5 181.6 183.2 184.0 0.8

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 962.6 985.6 979.4 988.9 960.3 986.5 981.7 986.8 5.1

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,313.8 2,396.0 2,399.8 2,392.4 2,207.2 2,279.6 2,280.7 2,287.4 6.7

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.6 344.2 343.8 345.7 337.4 342.9 341.4 341.2 -0.2

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486.3 498.8 501.1 504.7 481.6 496.1 496.7 499.0 2.3

Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 24,222 25,102 25,114 25,238 24,496 25,316 25,418 25,520 102

Private educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,574.3 3,729.6 3,643.0 3,668.5 3,827.3 3,932.4 3,934.5 3,939.2 4.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,647.9 21,372.3 21,471.4 21,569.3 20,668.8 21,383.9 21,483.5 21,580.8 97.3

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,377.9 16,858.2 16,949.8 17,020.5 16,378.6 16,870.4 16,943.4 17,014.3 70.9

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 8,152.0 8,389.4 8,434.0 8,473.4 8,164.5 8,404.9 8,442.7 8,482.6 39.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,813.8 2,889.3 2,906.8 2,917.1 2,818.8 2,896.9 2,906.4 2,920.5 14.1

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025.1 1,037.7 1,042.5 1,040.7 1,023.7 1,034.6 1,042.2 1,039.7 -2.5

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,094.0 1,132.2 1,137.3 1,147.5 1,094.3 1,136.1 1,138.4 1,146.5 8.1

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,040.2 1,055.3 1,060.6 1,066.3 1,041.6 1,059.8 1,062.4 1,067.4 5.0

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 322.0 324.0 324.8 326.3 322.1 324.2 325.0 326.2 1.2

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,534.5 1,616.0 1,625.0 1,635.2 1,539.9 1,616.2 1,629.0 1,640.2 11.2

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.4 334.9 337.0 340.3 324.1 337.1 339.3 342.1 2.8

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,187.1 5,312.0 5,332.7 5,349.8 5,183.2 5,314.6 5,330.7 5,345.2 14.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Change

from:

July2023 -

Aug.2023p

Health care - Continued

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,038.8 3,156.8 3,183.1 3,197.3 3,030.9 3,150.9 3,170.0 3,186.5 16.5

Skilled nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,361.7 1,416.3 1,425.8 1,432.8 1,359.7 1,413.4 1,419.4 1,428.3 8.9

Residential intellectual and

developmental disability, mental

health, and substance abuse

facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.0 634.9 639.4 640.7 613.5 634.0 636.9 638.8 1.9

Continuing care retirement

communities and assisted living

facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908.5 948.3 960.7 965.5 904.7 946.8 957.1 961.9 4.8

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 153.6 157.3 157.2 158.3 153.1 156.7 156.6 157.5 0.9

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,270.0 4,514.1 4,521.6 4,548.8 4,290.2 4,513.5 4,540.1 4,566.5 26.4

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,849.3 3,019.6 3,045.7 3,057.2 2,850.7 3,014.3 3,035.8 3,056.3 20.5

Community food and housing, and

emergency and other relief services. . . . 203.2 217.9 217.9 218.7 204.7 218.0 218.8 220.0 1.2

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 272.4 283.9 283.1 284.0 268.8 280.5 279.5 280.9 1.4

Child care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945.1 992.7 974.9 988.9 965.9 1,000.7 1,006.0 1,009.3 3.3

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,614 17,294 17,392 17,312 15,935 16,583 16,615 16,655 40

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,585.6 2,750.5 2,793.4 2,738.3 2,310.6 2,454.7 2,457.8 2,474.5 16.7

Performing arts, spectator sports, and

related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532.8 572.3 565.6 569.0 506.9 535.4 533.9 538.8 4.9

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.6 184.6 187.5 185.5 161.2 172.1 171.8 174.0 2.2

Amusement, gambling, and recreation

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,880.2 1,993.6 2,040.3 1,983.8 1,642.5 1,747.2 1,752.1 1,761.7 9.6

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,028.3 14,543.0 14,598.6 14,574.0 13,624.0 14,128.4 14,157.4 14,180.9 23.5

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,916.5 1,973.0 2,012.9 1,990.5 1,792.1 1,860.4 1,865.8 1,874.4 8.6

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,111.8 12,570.0 12,585.7 12,583.5 11,831.9 12,268.0 12,291.6 12,306.5 14.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,779 5,939 5,941 5,930 5,727 5,862 5,869 5,882 13

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,406.3 1,460.1 1,463.3 1,461.5 1,398.5 1,447.0 1,451.9 1,453.6 1.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500.9 1,557.6 1,545.0 1,548.0 1,494.6 1,535.4 1,536.6 1,543.1 6.5

Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional,

and similar organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,872.0 2,921.6 2,933.1 2,920.8 2,834.0 2,879.5 2,880.7 2,885.7 5.0

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,415 22,554 21,555 21,803 22,231 22,648 22,650 22,658 8

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,867 2,930 2,944 2,948 2,865 2,925 2,931 2,941 10

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,274.6 2,326.2 2,338.8 2,345.5 2,264.4 2,316.6 2,325.4 2,332.0 6.6

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.8 603.7 605.3 602.4 600.4 608.5 605.7 608.5 2.8

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,865 4,996 4,918 4,977 5,109 5,231 5,226 5,226 0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,194.5 2,276.0 2,193.1 2,246.4 2,451.7 2,529.1 2,517.1 2,512.2 -4.9

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,670.7 2,719.7 2,725.2 2,730.5 2,657.0 2,702.3 2,708.4 2,713.6 5.2

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,683 14,628 13,693 13,878 14,257 14,492 14,493 14,491 -2

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,070.6 7,845.8 6,842.5 7,071.7 7,827.3 7,895.7 7,877.4 7,867.2 -10.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,612.4 6,782.2 6,850.4 6,806.6 6,430.0 6,596.4 6,615.1 6,624.0 8.9

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 39.9 39.8 39.8 39.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.2 45.5 44.6 45.3

Construction....................................................................... 38.7 38.9 38.9 39.1

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.3 40.1 40.1 40.1

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.7 40.7 40.7 40.7

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.8 39.1 39.1 39.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.5 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.1 33.9 33.9 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.8 38.7 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.1 29.9 29.9 30.0

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.5 38.1 38.2 38.1

Utilities........................................................................... 41.9 42.3 42.3 42.3

Information......................................................................... 36.5 36.3 36.2 36.2

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.4 37.5 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.6 36.5 36.5 36.5

Private education and health services......................................... 33.4 33.4 33.3 33.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.6 25.3 25.2 25.2

Other services..................................................................... 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.7

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Total private............................................... $32.43 $33.60 $33.74 $33.82 $1,118.84 $1,155.84 $1,157.28 $1,163.41

Goods-producing....................................... 32.59 34.03 34.25 34.27 1,300.34 1,354.39 1,363.15 1,367.37

Mining and logging.................................. 36.22 37.98 38.02 37.85 1,673.36 1,728.09 1,695.69 1,714.61

Construction.......................................... 34.91 36.35 36.67 36.71 1,351.02 1,414.02 1,426.46 1,435.36

Manufacturing........................................ 31.06 32.43 32.61 32.61 1,251.72 1,300.44 1,307.66 1,307.66

Durable goods.................................... 32.64 33.93 34.13 34.08 1,328.45 1,380.95 1,389.09 1,387.06

Nondurable goods................................ 28.40 29.83 29.94 30.04 1,130.32 1,166.35 1,170.65 1,174.56

Private service-providing.............................. 32.40 33.50 33.62 33.72 1,085.40 1,115.55 1,119.55 1,122.88

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 27.81 29.00 29.05 29.17 948.32 983.10 984.80 991.78

Wholesale trade.................................. 35.24 36.89 36.91 37.05 1,370.84 1,431.33 1,428.42 1,441.25

Retail trade........................................ 23.05 23.89 23.92 24.01 693.81 714.31 715.21 720.30

Transportation and warehousing............... 27.92 29.12 29.23 29.37 1,074.92 1,109.47 1,116.59 1,119.00

Utilities............................................. 47.43 49.91 50.15 50.03 1,987.32 2,111.19 2,121.35 2,116.27

Information........................................... 47.35 48.03 48.14 48.21 1,728.28 1,743.49 1,742.67 1,745.20

Financial activities................................... 41.79 43.33 43.64 44.11 1,567.13 1,620.54 1,636.50 1,649.71

Professional and business services.............. 38.92 40.36 40.57 40.54 1,424.47 1,473.14 1,480.81 1,479.71

Private education and health services............ 32.13 32.92 33.03 33.12 1,073.14 1,099.53 1,099.90 1,106.21

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 20.29 21.21 21.25 21.30 519.42 536.61 535.50 536.76

Other services....................................... 28.91 29.77 29.80 29.96 930.90 961.57 962.54 967.71

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Percent

change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Percent

change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Total private..................................... 113.5 115.2 115.0 115.5 0.4 176.0 185.1 185.5 186.8 0.7

Goods-producing............................. 96.7 97.9 97.9 98.3 0.4 142.5 150.5 151.6 152.3 0.5

Mining and logging........................ 88.7 91.8 90.3 91.4 1.2 129.0 140.0 137.8 138.9 0.8

Construction................................ 103.8 106.7 106.9 107.7 0.7 157.4 168.5 170.3 171.8 0.9

Manufacturing.............................. 93.5 93.7 93.6 93.8 0.2 135.0 141.3 142.0 142.2 0.1

Durable goods........................... 91.9 93.1 93.2 93.4 0.2 133.2 140.3 141.3 141.3 0.0

Nondurable goods...................... 96.8 94.8 94.6 94.6 0.0 139.5 143.6 143.7 144.3 0.4

Private service-providing.................... 118.4 119.9 120.1 120.2 0.1 186.5 195.2 196.2 197.0 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 107.2 106.9 106.9 107.2 0.3 160.8 167.1 167.5 168.6 0.7

Wholesale trade......................... 102.9 103.5 103.5 104.2 0.7 151.7 159.7 159.9 161.4 0.9

Retail trade.............................. 95.0 94.5 94.6 94.9 0.3 144.9 149.2 149.6 150.7 0.7

Transportation and warehousing...... 148.5 147.1 147.3 146.1 -0.8 210.9 217.9 219.0 218.3 -0.3

Utilities.................................... 100.7 102.0 101.5 102.0 0.5 157.8 168.2 168.2 168.6 0.2

Information................................. 103.7 102.2 101.4 100.9 -0.5 174.8 174.7 173.8 173.2 -0.3

Financial activities......................... 111.4 111.9 112.5 112.2 -0.3 181.5 189.2 191.4 193.0 0.8

Professional and business services..... 130.0 131.4 131.3 131.4 0.1 205.0 214.9 215.8 215.8 0.0

Private education and health services... 133.6 138.1 138.2 139.2 0.7 206.5 218.7 219.6 221.8 1.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 116.4 119.7 119.5 119.8 0.3 190.5 204.8 204.8 205.8 0.5

Other services............................. 106.3 109.2 109.3 109.5 0.2 168.5 178.1 178.5 179.9 0.8

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Total nonfarm............................................. 76,334 77,739 77,844 77,988 49.8 49.8 49.8 49.9

Total private............................................ 63,398 64,524 64,630 64,771 48.4 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,907 4,996 5,003 5,001 23.1 23.1 23.2 23.1

Mining and logging............................... 78 83 83 82 12.8 12.9 12.9 12.8

Construction....................................... 1,093 1,128 1,137 1,138 14.0 14.2 14.3 14.2

Manufacturing..................................... 3,736 3,785 3,783 3,781 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.1

Durable goods.................................. 1,988 2,027 2,029 2,032 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9

Nondurable goods............................. 1,748 1,758 1,754 1,749 35.9 36.2 36.2 36.1

Private service-providing........................... 58,491 59,528 59,627 59,770 53.3 53.2 53.2 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,352 11,340 11,327 11,344 39.4 39.3 39.2 39.3

Wholesale trade................................ 1,833.9 1,865.8 1,864.5 1,883.8 30.6 30.9 30.7 31.0

Retail trade..................................... 7,550.0 7,513.3 7,509.3 7,513.0 48.7 48.4 48.3 48.3

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,826.5 1,814.5 1,807.6 1,799.6 27.2 27.0 26.9 27.0

Utilities........................................... 141.4 146.2 145.2 147.8 25.5 26.2 26.2 26.5

Information......................................... 1,248 1,249 1,247 1,250 40.1 40.5 40.7 41.0

Financial activities................................ 5,056 5,083 5,087 5,086 55.8 55.6 55.6 55.5

Professional and business services............ 10,471 10,575 10,572 10,578 46.1 45.9 46.0 46.0

Private education and health services......... 18,870 19,453 19,529 19,607 77.0 76.8 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,436 8,683 8,723 8,761 52.9 52.4 52.5 52.6

Other services..................................... 3,058 3,145 3,142 3,144 53.4 53.7 53.5 53.5

Government............................................. 12,936 13,215 13,214 13,217 58.2 58.3 58.3 58.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Total private............................................................................... 106,813 108,581 108,744 108,804

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,274 15,464 15,468 15,487

Mining and logging.................................................................. 461 491 495 495

Construction.......................................................................... 5,757 5,844 5,851 5,866

Manufacturing........................................................................ 9,056 9,129 9,122 9,126

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,560 5,628 5,632 5,635

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,496 3,501 3,490 3,491

Private service-providing.............................................................. 91,539 93,117 93,276 93,317

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 24,256 24,318 24,326 24,310

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,762.8 4,779.5 4,798.7 4,794.9

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,198.2 13,229.3 13,231.3 13,228.4

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,850.5 5,866.4 5,856.0 5,844.9

Utilities.............................................................................. 444.3 443.0 439.6 442.2

Information............................................................................ 2,462 2,463 2,455 2,429

Financial activities................................................................... 6,824 6,861 6,865 6,857

Professional and business services............................................... 18,183 18,222 18,205 18,190

Private education and health services............................................ 21,284 22,024 22,105 22,186

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,869 14,465 14,538 14,542

Other services........................................................................ 4,661 4,764 4,782 4,803

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.0 33.8 33.7 33.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.6 40.5 40.5 40.6

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.3 47.5 47.2 47.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.5 39.6 39.5 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.0 40.8 40.8 40.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.3 41.2 41.1 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.4 40.1 40.2 40.3

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.9 32.7 32.6 32.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.0 33.9 33.9 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 38.8 38.7 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.2 30.3 30.3 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 37.9 37.5 37.6 37.4

Utilities........................................................................... 42.4 42.3 43.0 42.4

Information......................................................................... 36.3 35.7 35.8 35.7

Financial activities................................................................ 37.3 37.1 36.9 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.4

Private education and health services......................................... 32.6 32.5 32.5 32.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.5 24.1 24.0 23.9

Other services..................................................................... 31.1 31.3 31.2 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Total private............................................... $27.75 $28.82 $28.94 $29.00 $943.50 $974.12 $975.28 $980.20

Goods-producing....................................... 28.14 29.52 29.63 29.74 1,142.48 1,195.56 1,200.02 1,207.44

Mining and logging.................................. 32.96 34.50 34.17 33.65 1,559.01 1,638.75 1,612.82 1,605.11

Construction.......................................... 32.55 34.04 34.23 34.40 1,285.73 1,347.98 1,352.09 1,365.68

Manufacturing........................................ 25.15 26.40 26.49 26.59 1,031.15 1,077.12 1,080.79 1,084.87

Durable goods.................................... 26.29 27.55 27.64 27.71 1,085.78 1,135.06 1,136.00 1,141.65

Nondurable goods................................ 23.28 24.49 24.61 24.74 940.51 982.05 989.32 997.02

Private service-providing.............................. 27.67 28.68 28.80 28.85 910.34 937.84 938.88 940.51

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 24.17 25.19 25.30 25.40 821.78 853.94 857.67 861.06

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.39 30.49 30.53 30.77 1,146.21 1,183.01 1,181.51 1,196.95

Retail trade........................................ 19.77 20.47 20.52 20.59 597.05 620.24 621.76 623.88

Transportation and warehousing............... 26.18 27.72 27.92 27.99 992.22 1,039.50 1,049.79 1,046.83

Utilities............................................. 42.30 44.16 44.71 44.69 1,793.52 1,867.97 1,922.53 1,894.86

Information........................................... 38.22 39.36 39.47 39.53 1,387.39 1,405.15 1,413.03 1,411.22

Financial activities................................... 32.48 33.76 33.90 33.99 1,211.50 1,252.50 1,250.91 1,254.23

Professional and business services.............. 32.67 34.11 34.27 34.37 1,185.92 1,238.19 1,240.57 1,251.07

Private education and health services............ 29.25 30.03 30.17 30.10 953.55 975.98 980.53 978.25

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 18.00 18.78 18.83 18.85 441.00 452.60 451.92 450.52

Other services....................................... 25.01 25.61 25.73 25.81 777.81 801.59 802.78 807.85

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Percent

change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Aug.

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Aug.

2023p

Percent

change

from:

July

2023 -

Aug.

2023p

Total private..................................... 121.0 122.3 122.1 122.5 0.3 224.5 235.6 236.2 237.5 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 94.8 95.7 95.7 96.1 0.4 163.3 173.0 173.7 175.0 0.7

Mining and logging........................ 115.9 123.9 124.2 125.5 1.0 222.1 248.7 246.7 245.6 -0.4

Construction................................ 113.9 115.9 115.7 116.6 0.8 200.1 213.0 213.9 216.6 1.3

Manufacturing.............................. 85.2 85.5 85.4 85.5 0.1 140.2 147.6 148.0 148.6 0.4

Durable goods........................... 86.3 87.1 87.0 87.2 0.2 141.6 149.8 150.1 150.9 0.5

Nondurable goods...................... 83.2 82.7 82.7 82.9 0.2 136.9 143.1 143.8 144.9 0.8

Private service-providing.................... 128.3 129.7 129.6 129.6 0.0 243.5 255.2 255.9 256.5 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 115.4 115.4 115.4 115.4 0.0 199.4 207.7 208.7 209.4 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 110.2 110.1 110.2 110.7 0.5 191.2 198.1 198.6 201.0 1.2

Retail trade.............................. 101.1 101.6 101.6 101.6 0.0 171.3 178.4 178.8 179.4 0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 167.8 166.5 166.6 165.4 -0.7 279.6 293.8 296.1 294.7 -0.5

Utilities.................................... 96.3 95.8 96.7 95.9 -0.8 170.1 176.6 180.4 178.9 -0.8

Information................................. 102.0 100.4 100.3 99.0 -1.3 193.0 195.6 196.0 193.7 -1.2

Financial activities......................... 119.8 119.8 119.2 119.1 -0.1 239.4 248.8 248.7 249.0 0.1

Professional and business services..... 147.3 147.7 147.1 147.8 0.5 286.3 299.6 299.9 302.2 0.8

Private education and health services... 147.9 152.6 153.2 153.7 0.3 285.6 302.5 305.0 305.4 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 124.5 127.7 127.8 127.3 -0.4 254.4 272.3 273.3 272.5 -0.3

Other services............................. 101.7 104.6 104.6 105.4 0.8 185.3 195.1 196.2 198.3 1.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.