For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, September 8, 2010 USDL-10-1242

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2010

There were 3.0 million job openings on the last business day of July 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics reported today. The job openings rate increased over the month to 2.3 percent. The hires rate 

(3.3 percent) and the separations rate (3.4 percent) were unchanged. This release includes estimates of 

the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and 

geographic region. 

Job Openings 

The number of job openings in July was 3.0 million, which was little changed from June. Although the 

month-to-month change is small, the number of job openings has risen by 704,000 (30 percent) since the 

most recent series trough of 2.3 million in July 2009. Even with the gains since July 2009, the number of 

job openings remained below the 4.4 million open jobs when the recession began in December 2007 (as 

designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research). (See table 1.) 

Changes to the Job Openings and Labor Turnover news release 

Effective with this release, a new section and a new table have been added to the text. The section 

‘Relative Contributions to Separations’ discusses the types of separations, and table C provides quits and 

layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations. 

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, August 2007 - July 2010

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted, August 2007 - July 2010

Hires

Separations

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.
- 2 - 

The number of job openings in July (not seasonally adjusted) increased from 12 months earlier for total 

nonfarm and total private. The job openings level increased in many industries and in all of the regions. 

(See table 5.) 

Hires 

In July, the hires rate was unchanged for total nonfarm at 3.3 percent. There were 4.2 million hires in 

July for total nonfarm, 378,000 (10 percent) higher than its most recent trough in June 2009. Hires 

remain below the 5.0 million hires in December 2007 when the recession began. The hires level in July 

was little changed for all industries and regions. (See table 2.) 

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry July June July July June July July June July

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total .........................................................2,338 2,864 3,042 4,065 4,250 4,234 4,424 4,436 4,402

Total private 1................................................... 2,046 2,537 2,723 3,805 3,946 3,960 4,102 3,884 3,941

Construction................................................45 53 76 338 289 351 417 314 361

Manufacturing..........................................109 226 228 263 267 294 309 260 260

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2..................... 337 449 492 788 876 859 880 874 845

Retail trade..................................... 210 284 299 526 589 603 577 604 605

Professional and business services......................... 431 514 528 687 825 817 744 777 853

Education and health services........................... 550 487 533 530 523 518 507 493 493

Leisure and hospitality .................................... 262 317 352 717 691 691 715 668 689

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 17 55 42 140 127 114 130 113 118

Accommodation and food services..........245 263 310 577 564 576 585 555 571

Government 3..................................... 292 327 319 260 304 274 322 552 461

 State and local government..................................... 233 238 248 227 247 239 297 275 274

Total ...................................................... 1.8 2.1 2.3 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4

Total private 1................................................... 1.9 2.3 2.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7

Construction..........................................0.7 0.9 1.3 5.7 5.2 6.3 7.0 5.6 6.5

Manufacturing................................................ 0.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2........................ 1.3 1.8 1.9 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4

Retail trade.................................... 1.4 1.9 2.0 3.6 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.2

Professional and business services......................... 2.6 3.0 3.1 4.2 4.9 4.9 4.5 4.7 5.1

Education and health services........................... 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality .................................... 2.0 2.4 2.6 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.1 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 0.9 2.8 2.1 7.3 6.7 6.0 6.8 5.9 6.2

Accommodation and food services..........2.1 2.3 2.7 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.1

Government 3..................................... 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 2.4 2.0

 State and local government..................................... 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not show n separately.

 2 Includes w holesale trade and transportation, w arehousing, and utilities, not show n separately.

 3 Includes federal government, not show n separately.

 p = preliminary.

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)
- 3 - 

Over the 12 months ending in July, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. The hires rate increased over the past 12 months in durable 

goods manufacturing and retail trade and decreased in other services. In the Midwest region, the hires 

rate increased. (See table 6.) 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary 

separations), and other separations (including retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate in 

July was little changed for total nonfarm and total private but decreased for government. Over the 12 

months ending in July, the total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total 

nonfarm and total private but increased for government. (See tables 3 and 7.) 

The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. In July, the quits 

rate remained unchanged at 1.5 percent for total nonfarm and 1.7 percent for total private and was little 

changed in every industry. (See table 4.) The number of quits for total nonfarm fell by 1.4 million 

between the November 2006 peak and the September 2009 trough. Since September 2009, the number 

of quits has risen by 231,000. 

Over the 12 months ending in July, the quits rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. The quits rate increased over the 12 months ending in July in 

retail trade, professional and business services, and educational services as well as the Northeast region. 

(See table 8.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged in July for total 

nonfarm and total private but decreased for government. The number of layoffs and discharges for total 

nonfarm peaked at 2.6 million in January 2009, falling to 2.1 million in July 2010. In government, the 

number of layoffs and discharges in July (262,000) was higher than when the recession began (117,000) 

due to the release of temporary Census 2010 workers. (See table B below.) 

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) declined over the 12 months ending in July 

for total nonfarm and total private, but increased for government. The layoffs and discharges level rose 

sharply over the year in federal government reflecting the layoffs of temporary Census 2010 workers. In 

many industries, the layoffs and discharges level declined. The layoffs and discharges level decreased 

over the year in the West region. (See table 9.) 

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In July, there were 440,000 other separations for 

total nonfarm, 315,000 for total private, and 124,000 for government. Compared to July 2009, the Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total........................................................................................................... 2,349 2,139 2,118 1.8 1.6 1.6

Total private............................................................................................ 2,205 1,792 1,856 2.0 1.7 1.7

Government......................................................................................... 143 348 262 0.6 1.5 1.2

 p = preliminary.

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates
- 4 - 

number of other separations increased for total nonfarm and government but was little changed for total 

private. The rise in government other separations is due to state and local government where other 

separations rose from 82,000 in July 2009 to 111,000 in July 2010. (See table 10.) 

Relative Contributions to Separations 

The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm 

level attributable to the individual components has varied over time, but for the majority of the months 

since the series began in December 2000, the proportion of quits has exceeded the proportion of layoffs 

and discharges. Other separations is historically a very small portion of total separations; it has rarely 

been above 10% of the total. 

Since February 2010, the proportions of quits and layoffs and discharges have been close. In July 2010, 

the proportion of quits was 44 percent and the proportion of layoffs and discharges was 48 percent for 

total nonfarm. For total private, the proportions were 46 percent quits and 47 percent layoffs and 

discharges. For government, the proportions were 26 percent quits and 57 percent layoffs and 

discharges. (See table C below.) 

Net Change in Employment 

Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 50.0 million and separations totaled 50.1 million,

yielding a net employment loss of 0.1 million. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2010 are scheduled to be 

released on Thursday, October 7, 2010 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). 

Table C. Quits and layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations, seasonally adjusted

(Levels in thousands)

Level

Percent 

of total Level

Percent 

of total Level

Percent 

of total Level

Percent 

of total Level

Percent 

of total Level

Percent 

of total

Total ......................................................... 1,822 41% 1,951 44% 1,947 44% 2,349 53% 2,139 48% 2,118 48%

Total private................................................... 1,709 42% 1,819 47% 1,826 46% 2,205 54% 1,792 46% 1,856 47%

Government..................................... 113 35% 131 24% 121 26% 143 44% 348 63% 262 57%

 p = preliminary.

Industry

Quits Layoffs and discharges

July

2009

June

2010

July

2010p

July

2009

June

2010

July

2010p
Technical Note

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly 

from a sample of business establishments by the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Collection

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

Data collection methods include computer-assisted 

telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, web, fax, 

e-mail, and mail.

Coverage

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm 

establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as 

well as federal, state, and local government entities in 

the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Concepts

 Industry classification. The industry classifications 

in this release are in accordance with the 2007 version 

of the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible 

quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with 

employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, 

location, and ownership classification of all 

establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in 

establishment characteristics resulting from the 

verification process are always introduced into the 

JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the 

first month of the year.

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, 

salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are 

employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. 

Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, 

unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay 

or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as 

employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and 

consultants are counted by their employer of record, 

not by the establishment where they are working.

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific 

position exists and there is work available for that 

position, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless 

of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the 

employer is actively recruiting from outside the 

establishment to fill the position. Included are fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

openings. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a position by 

advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, posting 

help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using 

other similar methods.

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, 

promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are 

excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates more 

than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees 

have been hired but have not yet reported for work, and 

jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or 

promotions within the reporting site, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies or employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed 

by dividing the number of hires by employment and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time 

during the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by 

employees (except for retirements, which are reported 

as other separations). Layoffs and discharges are 

involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings 

or other discharges for cause; terminations of 

permanent or short-term employees; and terminations 

of seasonal employees. Other separations include 

retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and 

separations due to disability. Separations do not 

include transfers within the same location or employees 

on strike.
 The separations rate is computed by dividing the 

number of separations by employment and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, 

and other separations rates are computed similarly, 

dividing the number by employment and multiplying 

by 100.

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and 

levels of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations are released with the 

January news release each year.

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels 

are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS 

practices, annual estimates are published only for not 

seasonally adjusted data.

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for 

job openings cannot be created by summing the 

monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow 

measures and are cumulated over the month with a 

total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual 

figures can be created by summing the monthly 

estimates.

Special collection procedures

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting 

separations from hires for a given month. Aggregating 

these monthly changes historically produced 

employment levels that overstated employment change 

as measured by CES at the total nonfarm level. 

Research into this problem showed that a significant 

amount of the divergence between the CES 

employment levels and the derived JOLTS 

employment levels was traceable to the Employment 

Services industry and to the State Government 

Education industry. In the former industry, businesses 

have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of 

temporary help workers. In the latter industry, 

employers have difficulty reporting hires and 

separations of student workers. BLS now devotes 

additional resources to the collection, editing, and 

review of data for these industries. BLS analysts more 

closely examine reported data that do not provide a 

consistent picture over time, and re-contact the 

respondents as necessary. Analysts work with the 

respondents to adjust their reporting practices as 

possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but are 

clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used, they 

are replaced by imputed values using standard

techniques.

Sample and estimation methodology

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including 

factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, 

and local governments in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled 

as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW), program. This 

program includes all employers subject to state 

Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal 

agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for 

Federal Employees (UCFE).

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units 

drawn on an annual basis. The full annual sample 

consists of one certainty panel composed of only large 

units selected with virtual certainty based on their size 

and 24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new noncertainty panel is rolled into collection, and the oldest 

non-certainty panel is rolled out. This means that at 

any given time the JOLTS sample is constructed from 

panels from three different annual sampling frames. 

The entire sample of old plus new panels is poststratified and re-weighted annually to represent the 

most recent sampling frame. Additionally, the out-ofbusiness establishments are removed from the old 

panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample.

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES 

to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for 

all other JOLTS data elements. 

JOLTS business birth/death model

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can 

only be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag 

from the birth of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many of these new units may fail within the 
first year. Since these universe units cannot be 

reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from these units during their early 

existence. BLS has developed a model to estimate 

birth/death activity for current months by examining 

the birth/death activity from previous years on the 

QCEW and projecting forward to the present using an 

econometric technique known as X-12 ARIMA 

modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical 

JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires 

and separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the estimated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate the 

number of hires and separations taking place in these 

units that cannot be measured through sampling. 

 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components – quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations - in proportion to 

their contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the 

modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of 

openings to hires in the collected data and applying that 

ratio to the modeled hires. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are then added to the sample-based 

estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 

estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using 

the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. 

Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and 

removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such 

as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of 

the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to 

observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, 

particularly those associated with general economic 

expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal 

adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all 

relevant data, up to and including the data for the 

current month.

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal 

adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with 

autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the 

seasonal adjustment factors at the beginning and end of 

the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the 

series.

Alignment procedure

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable 

to the CES net employment change. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method. The Monthly 

Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends 

to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trend (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are 

seasonally adjusted and the difference between the 

JOLTS implied employment trend and the CES net 

employment change is calculated. Next, the JOLTS 

implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the CES 

net employment change through a proportional 

adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 

percent of the churn for a given month, they will 

receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and 

separations will receive 60 percent of the needed 

adjustment. The adjusted hires and separations are 

converted back to not seasonally adjusted data by 

reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the monthly alignment method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. The Monthly 

Alignment procedure assures a close match of the 

JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. 

The CES series is considered a highly accurate 

measure of net employment change owing to its very 

large sample size and annual benchmarking to universe 

counts of employment from the QCEW program.

Using JOLTS data

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is 

divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each 

month. A full complement of panels for the original 

data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial 

Classification (SIC) system was not completely 

enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The 

supplemental panels of establishments needed to create 

NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled until 

May 2003. The data collected up until those points are 

from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from 

earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer 

sampled units were reporting data at that time.

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires 

and separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and 

separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 

may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 

and later.
 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the 

new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected 

in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the 

federal government. The Office of Personnel 

Management's record shows these transfers were 

completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers 

in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations is 

intended to cover ongoing movements of workers 

between establishments. The Department of Homeland 

Security reorganization was a massive one-time event, 

and the inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers 

would distort the federal government time series.

Reliability of the estimates

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the 

entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the 

sample estimates may differ from the "true" population 

values they represent. The exact difference, or 

sampling error, varies depending on the particular 

sample selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is 

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent 

chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based 

on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of 

sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request.

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons, including the failure to include a 

segment of the population, the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample, the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data, and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation.

Other information

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-

800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total......................................................2,338 2,647 2,785 3,302 2,939 2,864 3,042 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................2,046 2,266 2,363 2,675 2,597 2,537 2,723 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5

Construction.................................... 45 65 83 88 79 53 76 .7 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 .9 1.3

Manufacturing................................. 109 167 180 195 205 226 228 .9 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 337 453 470 456 452 449 492 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9

Retail trade................................. 210 297 305 292 274 284 299 1.4 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0

Professional and business services...... 431 409 423 550 601 514 528 2.6 2.4 2.5 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.1

Education and health services............ 550 502 536 561 512 487 533 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 262 285 257 274 288 317 352 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 17 19 24 24 41 55 42 .9 1.0 1.3 1.3 2.1 2.8 2.1

Accommodation and food services... 245 266 232 250 247 263 310 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.7

Government 6....................................... 292 381 421 627 342 327 319 1.3 1.7 1.8 2.7 1.5 1.4 1.4

State and local government............... 233 246 262 260 237 238 248 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 467 542 599 678 657 631 634 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5

South............................................. 825 916 945 1,080 1,078 982 1,081 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2

Midwest.......................................... 477 566 573 664 568 604 591 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0

West............................................. 468 682 707 821 689 632 662 1.6 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.1 2.2

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 7

 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 6 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 p = preliminary.

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total......................................................4,065 4,011 4,331 4,292 4,581 4,250 4,234 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................3,805 3,710 3,970 3,935 3,846 3,946 3,960 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7

Construction.................................... 338 306 400 349 321 289 351 5.7 5.5 7.1 6.2 5.7 5.2 6.3

Manufacturing................................. 263 267 279 305 266 267 294 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 788 821 897 856 819 876 859 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.5

Retail trade................................. 526 572 646 593 567 589 603 3.6 4.0 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2

Professional and business services...... 687 767 744 780 805 825 817 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9

Education and health services............ 530 470 503 496 479 523 518 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 717 652 712 711 678 691 691 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 140 88 114 127 105 127 114 7.3 4.6 6.0 6.7 5.5 6.7 6.0

Accommodation and food services... 577 564 598 584 573 564 576 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.2

Government 6....................................... 260 301 360 357 735 304 274 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.6 3.2 1.3 1.2

State and local government............... 227 258 268 248 246 247 239 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 674 733 837 695 844 718 727 2.7 3.0 3.4 2.8 3.4 2.9 2.9

South............................................. 1,487 1,381 1,618 1,585 1,681 1,505 1,510 3.2 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.2

Midwest.......................................... 847 965 1,073 1,012 1,090 1,013 1,007 2.9 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.4

West............................................. 981 861 1,025 870 1,014 923 913 3.4 3.0 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.2

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 4,424 3,969 4,048 4,013 4,146 4,436 4,402 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 4,102 3,663 3,743 3,726 3,816 3,884 3,941 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7

Construction.................................... 417 362 365 345 340 314 361 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.1 6.1 5.6 6.5

Manufacturing................................. 309 260 245 249 238 260 260 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 880 806 866 803 800 874 845 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.4

Retail trade................................. 577 551 620 551 574 604 605 4.0 3.8 4.3 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2

Professional and business services...... 744 716 699 733 806 777 853 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.7 5.1

Education and health services............ 507 440 455 475 446 493 493 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 715 621 677 684 707 668 689 5.5 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 130 78 119 114 122 113 118 6.8 4.1 6.3 6.0 6.5 5.9 6.2

Accommodation and food services... 585 543 558 570 585 555 571 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.1

Government 6.................................... 322 306 305 287 331 552 461 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 2.4 2.0

State and local government............... 297 273 268 248 263 275 274 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 695 730 821 690 734 748 796 2.8 3.0 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.2

South............................................. 1,555 1,459 1,423 1,427 1,521 1,606 1,555 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3

Midwest.......................................... 911 858 895 948 988 981 1,033 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5

West............................................. 1,124 954 920 944 920 928 958 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 

month. not shown separately. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = preliminary.

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 1,822 1,851 1,918 1,972 1,929 1,951 1,947 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 1,709 1,719 1,802 1,871 1,828 1,819 1,826 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

Construction.................................... 70 84 83 67 64 67 69 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2

Manufacturing................................. 86 97 89 99 96 105 95 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8 .9 .8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 411 432 424 442 438 443 446 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

Retail trade................................. 294 333 316 330 338 331 343 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

Professional and business services...... 282 300 315 323 330 325 360 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.2

Education and health services............ 242 237 253 299 254 268 261 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 407 393 406 419 428 373 377 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 40 35 36 40 39 26 30 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.6

Accommodation and food services... 367 358 371 379 390 347 347 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.1

Government 6.................................... 113 132 117 101 101 131 121 .5 .6 .5 .4 .4 .6 .5

State and local government............... 110 121 105 93 88 105 100 .6 .6 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 239 320 325 332 286 341 312 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3

South............................................. 720 755 750 744 736 796 739 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6

Midwest.......................................... 420 421 438 442 496 438 458 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5

West............................................. 391 434 406 429 433 437 400 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,497 2,772 3,313 1.9 2.1 2.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,177 2,436 2,972 2.0 2.2 2.7

Mining and logging.................................... 3 14 19 .5 1.9 2.5

Construction............................................. 54 56 92 .9 1.0 1.5

Manufacturing.......................................... 115 225 250 1.0 1.9 2.1

Durable goods....................................... 63 146 167 .9 2.0 2.3

Nondurable goods.................................... 52 79 83 1.1 1.7 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 361 436 546 1.4 1.7 2.2

Wholesale trade....................................... 79 91 131 1.4 1.6 2.3

Retail trade............................................. 234 262 340 1.6 1.8 2.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 48 84 75 1.0 1.7 1.6

Information................................................ 52 57 99 1.8 2.1 3.5

Financial activities...................................... 152 269 274 1.9 3.4 3.5

Finance and insurance.............................. 116 219 242 2.0 3.7 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 36 50 33 1.7 2.5 1.6

Professional and business services............... 454 484 565 2.7 2.8 3.3

Education and health services..................... 587 450 580 3.0 2.3 2.9

Educational services................................. 51 47 65 1.8 1.6 2.2

Health care and social assistance............... 535 402 515 3.2 2.4 3.0

Leisure and hospitality................................. 273 308 377 1.9 2.2 2.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 16 54 41 .7 2.4 1.8

Accommodation and food services............ 257 254 336 2.2 2.2 2.8

Other services.......................................... 125 136 171 2.3 2.5 3.1

Government................................................ 320 336 340 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal................................................... 62 75 70 2.1 2.3 2.2

State and local........................................... 258 261 271 1.4 1.3 1.5

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 514 621 688 2.0 2.4 2.7

South...................................................... 893 946 1,204 1.9 2.0 2.5

Midwest................................................... 560 570 686 1.9 1.9 2.3

West...................................................... 530 634 734 1.8 2.1 2.5

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings. 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 4,558 4,929 4,732 3.5 3.8 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 4,250 4,539 4,426 3.9 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging.................................... 20 29 30 2.9 4.0 4.0

Construction............................................. 384 358 410 6.2 6.2 7.0

Manufacturing.......................................... 303 313 333 2.6 2.7 2.8

Durable goods....................................... 150 181 201 2.1 2.5 2.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 153 132 132 3.3 2.9 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 817 893 895 3.3 3.6 3.6

Wholesale trade....................................... 141 129 140 2.5 2.3 2.5

Retail trade............................................. 519 604 603 3.6 4.2 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 158 160 152 3.3 3.4 3.2

Information................................................ 77 63 72 2.7 2.3 2.6

Financial activities...................................... 225 253 216 2.9 3.3 2.8

Finance and insurance.............................. 132 171 144 2.3 3.0 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 93 82 72 4.6 4.1 3.6

Professional and business services............... 739 889 881 4.5 5.3 5.2

Education and health services..................... 611 610 611 3.2 3.2 3.2

Educational services................................. 108 86 101 3.9 2.9 3.5

Health care and social assistance............... 503 525 510 3.1 3.2 3.1

Leisure and hospitality................................. 796 857 769 5.8 6.3 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 163 201 135 7.4 9.3 6.1

Accommodation and food services............ 633 656 634 5.5 5.7 5.5

Other services.......................................... 277 274 209 5.1 5.1 3.9

Government................................................ 308 390 307 1.4 1.7 1.4

Federal................................................... 41 70 39 1.4 2.2 1.3

State and local........................................... 268 319 267 1.5 1.6 1.5

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 825 922 879 3.4 3.7 3.6

South...................................................... 1,660 1,708 1,690 3.5 3.6 3.6

Midwest................................................... 928 1,202 1,100 3.1 4.0 3.7

West...................................................... 1,144 1,096 1,063 4.0 3.8 3.7

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 4,946 4,364 4,947 3.8 3.3 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 4,498 3,642 4,363 4.1 3.4 4.0

Mining and logging.................................... 25 17 20 3.6 2.3 2.7

Construction............................................. 451 269 396 7.2 4.7 6.8

Manufacturing.......................................... 313 234 268 2.7 2.0 2.3

Durable goods....................................... 162 128 149 2.3 1.8 2.1

Nondurable goods.................................... 151 106 118 3.3 2.3 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 918 799 877 3.7 3.2 3.5

Wholesale trade....................................... 156 104 132 2.8 1.8 2.4

Retail trade............................................. 572 561 612 4.0 3.9 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 190 134 132 4.0 2.8 2.8

Information................................................ 88 59 71 3.1 2.2 2.6

Financial activities...................................... 249 189 227 3.2 2.5 3.0

Finance and insurance.............................. 150 134 148 2.6 2.4 2.6

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 99 55 79 4.9 2.8 4.0

Professional and business services............... 783 704 928 4.7 4.2 5.5

Education and health services..................... 619 553 612 3.3 2.9 3.2

Educational services................................. 129 108 115 4.6 3.7 4.0

Health care and social assistance............... 490 445 497 3.0 2.7 3.0

Leisure and hospitality................................. 779 632 763 5.7 4.6 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 117 84 111 5.3 3.9 5.0

Accommodation and food services............ 662 548 652 5.7 4.8 5.6

Other services.......................................... 273 185 201 5.0 3.4 3.7

Government................................................ 448 722 584 2.1 3.2 2.8

Federal................................................... 27 278 189 .9 8.7 6.2

State and local........................................... 422 444 395 2.3 2.3 2.2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 822 809 908 3.3 3.3 3.7

South...................................................... 1,795 1,637 1,779 3.8 3.4 3.8

Midwest................................................... 1,009 973 1,141 3.4 3.3 3.9

West...................................................... 1,320 946 1,119 4.6 3.2 3.9

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,169 1,998 2,334 1.7 1.5 1.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,021 1,824 2,183 1.9 1.7 2.0

Mining and logging.................................... 6 9 11 .8 1.2 1.4

Construction............................................. 97 69 97 1.6 1.2 1.7

Manufacturing.......................................... 97 104 109 .8 .9 .9

Durable goods....................................... 44 58 58 .6 .8 .8

Nondurable goods.................................... 52 46 51 1.1 1.0 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 463 430 503 1.9 1.7 2.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 61 56 56 1.1 1.0 1.0

Retail trade............................................. 317 319 371 2.2 2.2 2.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 85 55 76 1.8 1.2 1.6

Information................................................ 50 26 36 1.8 1.0 1.3

Financial activities...................................... 94 113 108 1.2 1.5 1.4

Finance and insurance.............................. 58 77 72 1.0 1.4 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 36 36 36 1.8 1.8 1.8

Professional and business services............... 323 322 443 2.0 1.9 2.6

Education and health services..................... 288 279 311 1.5 1.4 1.6

Educational services................................. 29 37 42 1.0 1.2 1.5

Health care and social assistance............... 259 242 269 1.6 1.5 1.6

Leisure and hospitality................................. 502 371 462 3.6 2.7 3.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 57 27 42 2.6 1.2 1.9

Accommodation and food services............ 445 344 421 3.9 3.0 3.6

Other services.......................................... 102 100 104 1.9 1.8 1.9

Government................................................ 148 173 151 .7 .8 .7

Federal................................................... 3 27 21 .1 .9 .7

State and local........................................... 145 146 130 .8 .7 .7

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 313 335 399 1.3 1.3 1.6

South...................................................... 878 795 896 1.9 1.7 1.9

Midwest................................................... 490 409 546 1.7 1.4 1.9

West...................................................... 489 459 493 1.7 1.6 1.7

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,406 1,977 2,173 1.9 1.5 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,204 1,556 1,865 2.0 1.4 1.7

Mining and logging.................................... 17 5 7 2.5 .7 1.0

Construction............................................. 342 191 283 5.5 3.3 4.8

Manufacturing.......................................... 195 111 134 1.7 .9 1.1

Durable goods....................................... 108 56 76 1.5 .8 1.1

Nondurable goods.................................... 86 56 57 1.9 1.2 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 382 306 313 1.5 1.2 1.3

Wholesale trade....................................... 85 45 63 1.5 .8 1.1

Retail trade............................................. 209 200 202 1.4 1.4 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 88 62 47 1.9 1.3 1.0

Information................................................ 34 27 31 1.2 1.0 1.2

Financial activities...................................... 140 44 89 1.8 .6 1.2

Finance and insurance.............................. 84 27 48 1.5 .5 .8

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 56 17 41 2.8 .9 2.1

Professional and business services............... 396 332 415 2.4 2.0 2.5

Education and health services..................... 295 230 255 1.6 1.2 1.3

Educational services................................. 92 65 65 3.3 2.2 2.3

Health care and social assistance............... 202 164 190 1.3 1.0 1.2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 247 242 249 1.8 1.8 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 56 54 61 2.5 2.5 2.7

Accommodation and food services............ 192 187 189 1.7 1.6 1.6

Other services.......................................... 155 68 89 2.8 1.3 1.6

Government................................................ 202 421 309 1.0 1.9 1.5

Federal................................................... 8 242 155 .3 7.6 5.1

State and local........................................... 194 179 153 1.1 .9 .8

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 428 390 439 1.7 1.6 1.8

South...................................................... 780 709 719 1.7 1.5 1.5

Midwest................................................... 437 471 496 1.5 1.6 1.7

West...................................................... 761 406 520 2.6 1.4 1.8

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 370 389 440 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 273 261 315 .3 .2 .3

Mining and logging.................................... 2 3 3 .3 .4 .4

Construction............................................. 11 10 16 .2 .2 .3

Manufacturing.......................................... 22 19 25 .2 .2 .2

Durable goods....................................... 10 14 15 .1 .2 .2

Nondurable goods.................................... 12 5 11 .3 .1 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 73 62 62 .3 .3 .2

Wholesale trade....................................... 11 3 13 .2 .1 .2

Retail trade............................................. 46 42 39 .3 .3 .3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 16 17 9 .3 .4 .2

Information................................................ 3 6 4 .1 .2 .2

Financial activities...................................... 15 31 31 .2 .4 .4

Finance and insurance.............................. 8 29 29 .1 .5 .5

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 7 2 2 .3 .1 .1

Professional and business services............... 64 49 70 .4 .3 .4

Education and health services..................... 36 45 45 .2 .2 .2

Educational services................................. 8 6 7 .3 .2 .3

Health care and social assistance............... 28 39 38 .2 .2 .2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 29 20 51 .2 .1 .4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 4 3 9 .2 .1 .4

Accommodation and food services............ 25 17 42 .2 .1 .4

Other services.......................................... 17 18 8 .3 .3 .2

Government................................................ 98 127 124 .5 .6 .6

Federal................................................... 15 9 13 .5 .3 .4

State and local........................................... 82 119 111 .4 .6 .6

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 82 84 70 .3 .3 .3

South...................................................... 137 133 164 .3 .3 .3

Midwest................................................... 83 92 99 .3 .3 .3

West...................................................... 69 81 107 .2 .3 .4

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region