For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, September 7, 2016 USDL-16-1807

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2016

The number of job openings increased to 5.9 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. Bureau of 

Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and separations were little changed at 5.2 million and 4.9 million, 

respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was 2.1 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was

1.1 percent. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and 

separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of July, there were 5.9 million job openings, an increase of 228,000 from June. 

The job openings rate was 3.9 percent in July. The number of job openings increased over the month for 

total private (+243,000) and was little changed for government. Job openings increased in professional 

and business services (+166,000) and durable goods manufacturing (+27,000) but decreased in health 

care and social assistance (-63,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. 

(See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was 5.2 million in July, little changed from June. The hires rate was 3.6 percent in 

July. The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires increased in 

professional and business services (+137,000) but decreased in other services (-77,000). The number of 

hires increased in the South region. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.9 million total separations in July, little changed from June. The total separations rate in 

July was 3.4 percent. The number of total separations was essentially unchanged for total private and

edged down for government (-25,000) over the month. Total separations decreased in state and local 

government education (-29,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. 

(See table 3.)

The number of quits was essentially unchanged in July at 3.0 million. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. 

Over the month, the number of quits was little changed for total private and decreased for government 

(-21,000). Quits decreased in state and local government education (-25,000). The number of quits was 

little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in July, little changed from June. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was essentially unchanged over 

the month for total private and for government. The layoffs and discharges level was also essentially 

unchanged in all industries and in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government in 

July. Other separations decreased in other services (-12,000), educational services (-6,000), and state and 

local government education (-5,000). The number of other separations was little changed over the month 

in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 62.5 million and 

separations totaled 60.0 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2016 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, October 12, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,788 5,643 5,871 5,084 5,172 5,227 4,794 4,964 4,937

Total private....................................... 5,243 5,115 5,358 4,710 4,814 4,861 4,458 4,612 4,611

Mining and logging1............................ 23 12 13 27 23 21 32 28 24

Construction1................................... 151 187 214 301 281 334 274 293 297

Manufacturing.................................. 366 361 379 264 281 274 253 264 258

Durable goods1.............................. 218 200 227 159 161 167 161 160 158

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 148 160 152 106 119 106 91 103 100

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,037 986 1,030 1,109 1,038 1,034 1,071 1,047 1,022

Wholesale trade1............................ 210 182 165 141 144 137 158 138 148

Retail trade................................... 604 588 627 773 719 723 739 711 708

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 223 217 239 196 175 174 174 198 167

Information1

..................................... 116 94 79 79 76 77 81 68 77

Financial activities.............................. 366 314 321 187 197 178 174 177 168

Finance and insurance..................... 248 232 245 125 130 117 112 118 108

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 117 82 76 62 67 62 61 58 60

Professional and business services......... 1,125 1,104 1,270 1,003 1,003 1,140 940 943 1,030

Education and health services............... 1,133 1,127 1,078 603 654 622 541 618 586

Educational services1

....................... 123 102 115 84 96 83 76 102 92

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,010 1,025 962 519 558 539 465 517 494

Leisure and hospitality........................ 743 741 763 925 1,024 1,021 873 950 958

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 65 91 106 120 180 162 105 155 141

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 678 651 656 805 844 858 767 795 817

Other services1................................. 183 188 211 211 238 161 220 224 192

Government....................................... 546 527 513 374 358 367 336 352 327

Federal1

......................................... 69 86 88 45 38 39 42 34 33

State and local................................. 477 441 426 329 320 327 294 317 294

State and local education.................. 169 139 147 173 163 164 135 164 135

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 308 302 279 156 156 163 159 153 159

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4

Total private....................................... 4.2 4.0 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging1

............................ 2.8 1.8 1.9 3.4 3.4 3.1 4.0 4.0 3.5

Construction1

................................... 2.3 2.7 3.1 4.7 4.2 5.0 4.3 4.4 4.5

Manufacturing.................................. 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.7 2.5 2.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.1 3.4 3.2 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.7 3.5 3.6 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.7

Wholesale trade1

............................ 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.5

Retail trade................................... 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.9 3.8 4.2 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.1

Information1

..................................... 4.0 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.8

Financial activities.............................. 4.3 3.7 3.7 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0

Finance and insurance..................... 3.9 3.6 3.8 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 5.3 3.7 3.4 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.8

Professional and business services......... 5.4 5.2 5.9 5.1 5.0 5.6 4.8 4.7 5.1

Education and health services............... 4.9 4.7 4.5 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.6

Educational services1

....................... 3.4 2.8 3.2 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.9 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.1 5.1 4.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.7 4.6 4.7 6.1 6.6 6.6 5.8 6.1 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 2.9 3.9 4.5 5.5 8.0 7.2 4.9 6.9 6.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.0 4.7 4.7 6.2 6.4 6.5 5.9 6.0 6.2

Other services1

................................. 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.7 4.2 2.8 3.9 3.9 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Government....................................... 2.4 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 2.4 3.0 3.0 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.2

State and local................................. 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.3

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.3 3.2 3.0 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

Total............................................... 5,788 5,670 5,845 5,514 5,643 5,871 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,243 5,175 5,311 4,986 5,115 5,358 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.0 4.2

Mining and logging3

....................... 23 9 14 11 12 13 2.8 1.3 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.9

Construction3............................... 151 215 193 193 187 214 2.3 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.1

Manufacturing.............................. 366 337 397 350 361 379 2.9 2.7 3.1 2.8 2.8 3.0

Durable goods3

.......................... 218 167 208 180 200 227 2.7 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.9

Nondurable goods3

...................... 148 170 190 170 160 152 3.1 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,037 975 1,060 970 986 1,030 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.6

Wholesale trade3

........................ 210 189 255 162 182 165 3.5 3.1 4.1 2.7 3.0 2.7

Retail trade............................... 604 605 589 605 588 627 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 223 181 215 202 217 239 3.9 3.2 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.2

Information3................................. 116 75 101 95 94 79 4.0 2.6 3.5 3.3 3.3 2.8

Financial activities......................... 366 326 387 305 314 321 4.3 3.8 4.5 3.6 3.7 3.7

Finance and insurance................. 248 257 278 249 232 245 3.9 4.0 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 117 69 109 56 82 76 5.3 3.2 4.9 2.5 3.7 3.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,125 1,145 961 1,032 1,104 1,270 5.4 5.4 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.9

Education and health services........... 1,133 1,042 1,112 1,073 1,127 1,078 4.9 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.5

Educational services3

................... 123 85 126 87 102 115 3.4 2.4 3.5 2.4 2.8 3.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,010 957 986 985 1,025 962 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 743 781 793 791 741 763 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 65 80 76 87 91 106 2.9 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.9 4.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 678 701 717 704 651 656 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.7 4.7

Other services3

............................. 183 269 293 167 188 211 3.2 4.5 4.9 2.9 3.2 3.6

Government................................... 546 494 534 528 527 513 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3

Federal3

..................................... 69 90 84 93 86 88 2.4 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0

State and local............................. 477 404 449 435 441 426 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1

State and local education.............. 169 145 146 144 139 147 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 308 259 303 291 302 279 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 942 898 915 966 928 1,002 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.6

South........................................... 2,246 2,152 2,171 1,995 2,166 2,171 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.0

Midwest........................................ 1,260 1,308 1,323 1,243 1,275 1,349 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.0

West............................................ 1,340 1,311 1,435 1,310 1,273 1,349 4.0 3.9 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.9

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

Total............................................... 5,084 5,290 5,085 5,047 5,172 5,227 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,710 4,912 4,734 4,695 4,814 4,861 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 27 26 22 20 23 21 3.4 3.6 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.1

Construction................................ 301 346 339 325 281 334 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.2 5.0

Manufacturing.............................. 264 251 269 268 281 274 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2

Durable goods........................... 159 145 154 160 161 167 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 106 106 115 108 119 106 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,109 1,094 1,031 1,019 1,038 1,034 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade......................... 141 164 148 142 144 137 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3

Retail trade............................... 773 769 714 710 719 723 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 196 161 169 167 175 174 3.6 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2

Information.................................. 79 74 85 69 76 77 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.8

Financial activities......................... 187 218 202 192 197 178 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.1

Finance and insurance................. 125 135 132 130 130 117 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 62 83 71 62 67 62 3.0 3.9 3.3 2.9 3.1 2.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,003 1,071 1,031 987 1,003 1,140 5.1 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.6

Education and health services........... 603 615 605 644 654 622 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.7

Educational services.................... 84 82 96 102 96 83 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 519 534 509 541 558 539 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 925 1,001 959 986 1,024 1,021 6.1 6.5 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 120 150 127 146 180 162 5.5 6.7 5.7 6.6 8.0 7.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 805 852 832 840 844 858 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.5

Other services.............................. 211 215 191 187 238 161 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.3 4.2 2.8

Government................................... 374 379 351 352 358 367 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7

Federal...................................... 45 40 37 41 38 39 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4

State and local............................. 329 339 315 311 320 327 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

State and local education.............. 173 174 152 160 163 164 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 156 165 162 151 156 163 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 805 829 814 777 859 801 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.0

South........................................... 2,035 2,069 1,969 1,907 1,889 2,034 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.9

Midwest........................................ 1,085 1,254 1,075 1,152 1,187 1,170 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.6

West............................................ 1,159 1,138 1,227 1,211 1,237 1,221 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

Total............................................... 4,794 5,096 5,015 4,978 4,964 4,937 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,458 4,747 4,660 4,642 4,612 4,611 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging......................... 32 40 35 26 28 24 4.0 5.6 4.9 3.7 4.0 3.5

Construction................................ 274 334 354 338 293 297 4.3 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.4 4.5

Manufacturing.............................. 253 288 279 294 264 258 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.1

Durable goods........................... 161 171 160 183 160 158 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 91 116 119 111 103 100 2.0 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,071 1,043 1,012 1,010 1,047 1,022 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 158 145 144 132 138 148 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.5

Retail trade............................... 739 747 702 706 711 708 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 174 151 166 173 198 167 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.6 3.1

Information.................................. 81 67 82 75 68 77 2.9 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.8

Financial activities......................... 174 191 188 186 177 168 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0

Finance and insurance................. 112 116 113 126 118 108 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 61 76 74 60 58 60 2.9 3.6 3.5 2.8 2.7 2.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 940 1,042 1,004 966 943 1,030 4.8 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.7 5.1

Education and health services........... 541 557 570 593 618 586 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6

Educational services.................... 76 73 83 92 102 92 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 465 484 486 501 517 494 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 873 972 950 969 950 958 5.8 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 105 144 131 155 155 141 4.9 6.5 5.9 7.0 6.9 6.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 767 828 819 815 795 817 5.9 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.2

Other services.............................. 220 213 187 184 224 192 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.9 3.4

Government................................... 336 349 355 335 352 327 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 42 39 38 32 34 33 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2

State and local............................. 294 310 317 303 317 294 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 135 171 165 146 164 135 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 159 139 153 157 153 159 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 689 797 783 749 787 853 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.2

South........................................... 1,931 1,891 1,917 1,946 1,885 1,931 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,094 1,287 1,118 1,139 1,115 1,085 3.4 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4

West............................................ 1,080 1,121 1,197 1,143 1,176 1,067 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.3

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

Total............................................... 2,724 2,948 2,909 2,942 2,979 2,980 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,566 2,780 2,738 2,775 2,785 2,807 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3

Mining and logging......................... 15 15 11 12 13 12 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.8

Construction................................ 108 158 118 120 110 125 1.7 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9

Manufacturing.............................. 127 142 139 142 136 140 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1

Durable goods........................... 80 79 79 80 77 79 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Nondurable goods....................... 47 63 59 62 59 61 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 610 656 624 623 649 652 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4

Wholesale trade......................... 80 88 83 67 89 94 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.6

Retail trade............................... 438 492 447 462 459 464 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 92 77 94 94 101 94 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.7

Information.................................. 44 36 41 36 36 46 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.6

Financial activities......................... 93 98 106 112 103 99 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance................. 60 53 66 74 71 63 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 34 45 40 38 32 36 1.6 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 468 545 558 547 542 553 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7

Education and health services........... 356 386 382 405 410 400 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8

Educational services.................... 48 35 38 53 51 49 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 308 351 344 352 359 351 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 609 644 645 678 645 639 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 53 56 63 65 58 62 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 556 588 582 612 587 577 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.3

Other services3

............................. 137 101 115 100 140 142 2.4 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.5 2.5

Government................................... 158 168 171 168 194 173 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

Federal...................................... 13 14 14 11 13 12 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local............................. 144 154 157 156 181 161 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

State and local education.............. 75 74 73 70 96 71 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 69 79 84 86 85 90 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 402 399 339 394 407 453 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.7

South........................................... 1,170 1,165 1,194 1,197 1,199 1,190 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

Midwest........................................ 607 684 673 691 660 658 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0

West............................................ 546 700 703 661 713 679 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

Total............................................... 1,664 1,768 1,708 1,701 1,622 1,579 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,552 1,650 1,586 1,594 1,529 1,484 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2

Mining and logging3

....................... 16 21 20 10 11 8 2.0 2.9 2.8 1.4 1.6 1.1

Construction................................ 144 165 217 204 168 148 2.2 2.5 3.3 3.1 2.5 2.2

Manufacturing.............................. 103 116 115 131 106 95 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8

Durable goods........................... 67 71 66 92 70 65 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 36 44 49 39 36 30 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 354 287 283 301 311 282 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

Wholesale trade3

........................ 68 44 49 59 37 42 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.7

Retail trade............................... 222 183 177 177 189 181 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 64 59 57 65 85 59 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.1

Information.................................. 24 22 29 30 24 20 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7

Financial activities......................... 60 65 53 53 51 40 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

Finance and insurance................. 40 42 28 36 30 23 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 21 23 25 17 20 18 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 425 438 384 368 340 413 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.0

Education and health services........... 133 145 151 157 167 140 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

Educational services.................... 19 36 43 33 37 35 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 113 109 109 123 130 105 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 217 295 266 261 281 290 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 48 84 65 84 95 77 2.2 3.8 2.9 3.8 4.2 3.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 170 211 200 177 186 213 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.6

Other services.............................. 75 97 67 80 71 48 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.8

Government................................... 113 118 122 107 93 95 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4

Federal...................................... 15 12 11 11 11 11 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 98 107 111 97 83 84 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local education.............. 40 73 65 49 42 43 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 58 34 46 47 41 41 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 213 326 375 307 328 336 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3

South........................................... 593 569 554 615 539 587 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1

Midwest........................................ 402 519 363 372 383 354 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1

West............................................ 456 354 416 408 372 302 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016p

Total............................................... 405 380 398 334 363 378 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 340 317 336 274 298 319 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 1 4 4 5 3 4 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6

Construction3

............................... 22 11 20 15 15 24 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 23 30 25 21 22 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 14 21 15 11 13 15 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 8 9 10 10 8 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 107 101 105 87 87 88 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 9 13 12 6 12 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 80 73 78 68 63 62 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 18 15 15 13 12 14 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information3................................. 12 9 12 9 9 11 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

Financial activities......................... 20 29 28 21 23 29 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 13 21 19 16 17 22 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 7 8 9 5 6 7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 48 59 61 51 61 64 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 53 26 36 31 42 46 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services3................... 9 2 3 6 14 8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 44 24 34 26 28 38 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 46 32 39 31 24 29 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 5 4 3 5 2 2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 42 29 37 26 22 27 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 8 15 5 4 13 1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

Government................................... 65 62 63 60 65 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 13 13 13 10 11 10 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 52 49 49 50 54 49 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 20 24 27 27 27 22 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 32 25 23 23 27 27 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 75 72 69 48 53 64 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 168 157 168 134 147 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 85 84 82 77 72 73 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 78 67 78 75 91 87 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Total..................................................................... 6,039 5,610 6,090 4.1 3.7 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,444 5,049 5,534 4.3 3.9 4.3

Mining and logging............................................... 23 12 13 2.7 1.8 1.8

Construction....................................................... 151 187 214 2.2 2.7 3.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 366 361 379 2.9 2.8 3.0

Durable goods.................................................. 218 200 227 2.7 2.5 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 148 160 152 3.1 3.3 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,098 980 1,097 3.9 3.5 3.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 210 182 165 3.4 3.0 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 665 582 693 4.1 3.5 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 223 217 239 4.0 3.8 4.2

Information........................................................ 116 94 79 4.0 3.3 2.7

Financial activities................................................ 378 316 330 4.4 3.7 3.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 261 234 254 4.1 3.7 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 117 82 76 5.2 3.6 3.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,131 1,089 1,284 5.4 5.1 5.9

Education and health services.................................. 1,197 1,072 1,133 5.2 4.6 4.8

Educational services.......................................... 123 102 115 3.7 3.0 3.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,074 970 1,017 5.5 4.8 5.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 801 749 795 4.8 4.4 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 59 82 100 2.3 3.1 3.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 742 666 695 5.3 4.7 4.8

Other services.................................................... 183 188 211 3.1 3.2 3.5

Government.......................................................... 594 562 556 2.8 2.5 2.6

Federal............................................................. 69 86 88 2.4 3.0 3.0

State and local.................................................... 526 476 468 2.8 2.4 2.5

State and local education..................................... 218 173 189 2.4 1.7 2.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 308 302 279 3.2 3.2 2.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 974 926 1,055 3.6 3.3 3.8

South................................................................. 2,345 2,161 2,239 4.3 3.9 4.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,317 1,238 1,406 4.0 3.7 4.2

West.................................................................. 1,402 1,284 1,391 4.2 3.7 4.1

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,500 5,960 5,653 3.9 4.1 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,092 5,492 5,243 4.2 4.5 4.3

Mining and logging............................................... 30 28 23 3.7 4.1 3.3

Construction....................................................... 355 347 395 5.3 5.1 5.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 288 346 298 2.3 2.8 2.4

Durable goods.................................................. 167 194 177 2.1 2.5 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 121 152 122 2.6 3.3 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,142 1,044 1,065 4.2 3.8 3.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 160 162 153 2.7 2.7 2.6

Retail trade..................................................... 776 710 725 4.9 4.5 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 206 171 187 3.8 3.1 3.4

Information........................................................ 84 90 82 3.0 3.2 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 208 229 195 2.5 2.7 2.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 143 151 131 2.4 2.5 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 65 78 64 3.0 3.6 2.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,048 1,084 1,185 5.3 5.3 5.8

Education and health services.................................. 692 735 712 3.2 3.3 3.2

Educational services.......................................... 109 118 106 3.5 3.6 3.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 583 617 606 3.1 3.2 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 984 1,272 1,082 6.2 7.9 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 119 289 162 4.8 11.4 6.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 866 983 920 6.5 7.2 6.7

Other services.................................................... 260 317 206 4.6 5.5 3.6

Government.......................................................... 408 468 410 2.0 2.1 2.0

Federal............................................................. 38 51 33 1.4 1.8 1.2

State and local.................................................... 370 417 377 2.1 2.2 2.1

State and local education..................................... 180 139 175 2.1 1.4 2.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 190 279 202 2.1 3.0 2.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 911 1,036 905 3.5 3.9 3.4

South................................................................. 2,187 2,068 2,205 4.2 3.9 4.2

Midwest............................................................... 1,103 1,388 1,180 3.5 4.3 3.7

West.................................................................. 1,298 1,468 1,362 4.0 4.4 4.1

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,162 5,145 5,310 3.6 3.5 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,745 4,591 4,907 3.9 3.7 4.0

Mining and logging............................................... 35 28 26 4.2 4.0 3.8

Construction....................................................... 296 258 322 4.4 3.8 4.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 271 271 275 2.2 2.2 2.2

Durable goods.................................................. 177 163 170 2.3 2.1 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 94 108 105 2.0 2.3 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,102 996 1,050 4.1 3.6 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 165 140 156 2.8 2.4 2.6

Retail trade..................................................... 751 676 719 4.8 4.2 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 186 180 175 3.5 3.3 3.2

Information........................................................ 86 67 82 3.1 2.4 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 179 180 165 2.2 2.2 2.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 118 119 106 1.9 1.9 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 61 61 59 2.9 2.8 2.7

Professional and business services............................ 955 929 1,061 4.8 4.6 5.2

Education and health services.................................. 644 725 699 3.0 3.2 3.1

Educational services.......................................... 109 175 136 3.4 5.3 4.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 535 550 563 2.9 2.9 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 944 912 1,029 6.0 5.6 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 95 108 119 3.8 4.3 4.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 849 804 910 6.4 5.9 6.7

Other services.................................................... 234 227 198 4.1 3.9 3.4

Government.......................................................... 417 554 403 2.0 2.5 1.9

Federal............................................................. 37 32 27 1.3 1.1 1.0

State and local.................................................... 381 522 376 2.1 2.7 2.1

State and local education..................................... 213 370 205 2.4 3.7 2.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 168 152 171 1.8 1.6 1.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 741 791 921 2.8 2.9 3.5

South................................................................. 2,086 1,970 2,084 4.0 3.7 4.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,125 1,123 1,106 3.6 3.5 3.4

West.................................................................. 1,210 1,261 1,199 3.7 3.8 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Total..................................................................... 3,106 3,178 3,389 2.2 2.2 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,908 2,890 3,175 2.4 2.3 2.6

Mining and logging............................................... 17 13 14 2.1 1.9 2.0

Construction....................................................... 136 119 160 2.0 1.7 2.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 149 143 163 1.2 1.2 1.3

Durable goods.................................................. 94 81 92 1.2 1.0 1.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 55 62 71 1.2 1.3 1.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 652 654 695 2.4 2.4 2.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 85 95 101 1.4 1.6 1.7

Retail trade..................................................... 461 458 487 2.9 2.9 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 106 101 107 2.0 1.9 2.0

Information........................................................ 50 35 53 1.8 1.2 1.9

Financial activities................................................ 101 109 104 1.2 1.3 1.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 68 77 68 1.1 1.2 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 34 32 36 1.6 1.5 1.6

Professional and business services............................ 527 560 624 2.7 2.8 3.1

Education and health services.................................. 427 448 477 2.0 2.0 2.1

Educational services.......................................... 66 76 70 2.1 2.3 2.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 361 372 407 1.9 1.9 2.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 712 670 744 4.5 4.1 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 67 61 80 2.7 2.4 3.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 644 609 664 4.8 4.5 4.9

Other services.................................................... 137 140 142 2.4 2.4 2.5

Government.......................................................... 198 287 214 1.0 1.3 1.0

Federal............................................................. 14 14 12 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local.................................................... 184 273 202 1.0 1.4 1.1

State and local education..................................... 108 188 100 1.2 1.9 1.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 76 85 102 0.8 0.9 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 449 415 514 1.7 1.5 1.9

South................................................................. 1,329 1,288 1,350 2.6 2.4 2.6

Midwest............................................................... 692 700 739 2.2 2.2 2.3

West.................................................................. 636 774 785 2.0 2.3 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Total..................................................................... 1,625 1,561 1,530 1.1 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,490 1,419 1,415 1.2 1.2 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 16 11 8 2.0 1.6 1.1

Construction....................................................... 138 124 138 2.1 1.8 2.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 98 104 88 0.8 0.8 0.7

Durable goods.................................................. 67 67 63 0.9 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 31 38 25 0.7 0.8 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 330 269 259 1.2 1.0 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 68 37 42 1.2 0.6 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 198 166 163 1.3 1.0 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 63 67 54 1.2 1.2 1.0

Information........................................................ 23 24 19 0.8 0.8 0.7

Financial activities................................................ 59 47 36 0.7 0.6 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 39 24 20 0.6 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 20 23 16 1.0 1.0 0.7

Professional and business services............................ 386 312 382 1.9 1.5 1.9

Education and health services.................................. 164 235 176 0.8 1.0 0.8

Educational services.......................................... 33 85 58 1.1 2.6 1.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 130 150 118 0.7 0.8 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 186 218 255 1.2 1.3 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 23 45 37 0.9 1.8 1.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 163 173 218 1.2 1.3 1.6

Other services.................................................... 89 74 54 1.6 1.3 0.9

Government.......................................................... 135 142 115 0.6 0.6 0.5

Federal............................................................. 10 9 7 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 124 133 107 0.7 0.7 0.6

State and local education..................................... 71 100 70 0.8 1.0 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 54 34 37 0.6 0.4 0.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 214 309 338 0.8 1.1 1.3

South................................................................. 579 523 573 1.1 1.0 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 341 346 294 1.1 1.1 0.9

West.................................................................. 490 384 324 1.5 1.2 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

July

2015

June

2016

July

2016p

Total..................................................................... 431 406 392 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 347 281 317 0.3 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 2 4 4 0.2 0.5 0.6

Construction....................................................... 22 15 24 0.3 0.2 0.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 23 23 24 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 15 15 16 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 8 8 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 120 73 97 0.4 0.3 0.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 11 9 13 0.2 0.1 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 91 52 69 0.6 0.3 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 18 12 14 0.3 0.2 0.3

Information........................................................ 12 9 11 0.4 0.3 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 18 24 25 0.2 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 11 18 18 0.2 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 7 6 7 0.3 0.3 0.3

Professional and business services............................ 42 56 56 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 53 42 46 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 9 14 8 0.3 0.4 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 44 28 38 0.2 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 46 24 29 0.3 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 5 2 2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 42 22 27 0.3 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 8 13 1 0.1 0.2 0.0

Government.......................................................... 84 125 75 0.4 0.6 0.4

Federal............................................................. 12 9 8 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 72 116 67 0.4 0.6 0.4

State and local education..................................... 35 83 35 0.4 0.8 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 38 33 32 0.4 0.4 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 78 66 68 0.3 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 178 159 160 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 92 77 73 0.3 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 83 103 90 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.