For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, December 9, 2020 USDL-20-2216 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2020 

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.7 million on the last business day of October, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires were little changed at 5.8 million while total 

separations increased to 5.1 million. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.2 percent 

while the layoffs and discharges rate increased to 1.2 percent. This release includes estimates of the 

number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 

four geographic regions. 

Job Openings 

On the last business day of October, the number and rate of job openings were little changed at 6.7 

million and 4.5 percent, respectively. Job openings increased in health care and social assistance 

(+122,000) and state and local government education (+23,000). The number of job openings was little 

changed in all four regions. (See table 1.) 

The number of job openings in October (not seasonally adjusted) decreased over the year to 7.1 million 

(-596,000) reflecting the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market. Job 

openings decreased in a number of industries with the largest decreases in retail trade, accommodation 

and food services, and finance and insurance. Only nondurable goods manufacturing and durable goods 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on October 2020 JOLTS Data

Data collection for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey was affected by the coronavirus 

(COVID-19) pandemic. More information is available at the end of this news release and at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-october-2020.htm.
- 2 - 

manufacturing had increases in job openings. The number of job openings decreased in the Midwest 

region. (See table 7.) 

Hires 

In October, the number and rate of hires were little changed at 5.8 million and 4.1 percent, respectively.

Hires decreased in wholesale trade (-81,000), other services (-74,000), and federal government 

(-12,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.) 

The number of hires in October (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the year. Hires 

increased in a number of industries over the year, with the largest increases in transportation, 

warehousing, and utilities and in durable goods manufacturing. Hires decreased in construction and state 

and local government education. The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 

8.) 

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm. 

In October, the number of total separations increased to 5.1 million (+263,000). The total separations 

rate was little changed at 3.6 percent. The total separations level increased in federal government 

(+109,000), largely the result of separations of temporary 2020 Census workers. Total separations 

increased in the Northeast region. (See table 3.)

Over the year, the number of total separations (not seasonally adjusted) decreased to 5.3 million 

(-408,000). Total separations decreased in a number of industries with the largest decreases in 

accommodation and food services and construction. Total separations increased in federal government 

and nondurable goods manufacturing. The number of total separations decreased in the West region. 

(See table 9.) 

In October, the number of quits was little changed at 3.1 million and the quits rate was unchanged at 2.2 

percent. Quits increased in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+17,000) and federal government 

(+7,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.) 

Over the year, the number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) decreased to 3.3 million (-261,000). Quits 

declined in several industries, with the largest decreases in accommodation and food services and other 

services. The quits level increased in a number of industries with the largest increases in retail trade and 

wholesale trade. Over the year, the number of quits decreased in the Midwest and West regions. (See 

table 10.) 

The number and rate of layoffs and discharges increased to 1.7 million (+243,000) and 1.2 percent, 

respectively in October. The number of layoffs and discharges increased in federal government 

(+91,000), largely due to the release of temporary 2020 Census workers. Layoffs and discharges 

increased in the Northeast region. (See table 5.) 

Over the year, the layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed. Layoffs and 

discharges decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation and in wholesale trade. The number of 
- 3 - 

layoffs and discharges increased in federal government. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased 

over the year in the West region. (See table 11.) 

The number of other separations was little changed in October at 336,000. Other separations increased 

in federal government (+10,000). Other separations were little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.) 

Over the year, the other separations level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed at 321,000. Other 

separations decreased in a number of industries with the largest decrease in information. Other 

separations increased in federal government. The number of other separations was little changed in all 

four regions. (See table 12.) 

Net Change in Employment 

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. 

Over the 12 months ending in October, hires totaled 70.4 million and separations totaled 76.1 million, 

yielding a net employment loss of 5.7 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 

and separated more than once during the year. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for November 2020 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, January 12, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET). 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on October 2020

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data

Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 

42 percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone 

respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due 

to the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate 

for October was 45 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent.

BLS modified the JOLTS estimation methods in March through October to better reflect the impact of 

the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The estimation process usually includes an alignment of 

monthly hires minus separations to the over-the-month change in the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) employment estimates. For October estimates, as in earlier months, BLS suspended the 

alignment process. The differing reference periods for the CES employment estimates (pay period 

including the 12th of the month) and the JOLTS hires and separations estimates (the entire reference 

month) led to different measurement outcomes. More information about the impact of the COVID-19 

pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is 

available at www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-october-2020.htm.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 7,309 6,494 6,652 5,757 5,886 5,812 5,580 4,844 5,107

Total private....................................... 6,546 5,795 5,950 5,397 5,570 5,493 5,211 4,504 4,642

Mining and logging1............................ 23 17 22 28 19 17 26 23 22

Construction1................................... 325 223 230 475 394 396 450 290 320

Manufacturing.................................. 403 492 525 312 374 371 333 354 355

Durable goods1.............................. 258 267 290 177 207 216 205 206 207

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 145 225 235 135 166 155 128 148 149

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,472 1,142 1,102 1,112 1,255 1,247 1,062 1,063 1,118

Wholesale trade............................. 268 180 178 144 212 131 136 125 132

Retail trade................................... 877 671 667 716 745 790 687 687 726

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 327 291 257 252 299 326 240 251 260

Information1

..................................... 142 121 129 96 103 111 92 51 54

Financial activities.............................. 426 301 293 217 238 216 200 190 192

Finance and insurance..................... 323 240 211 135 162 134 127 111 112

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 103 61 83 82 76 83 72 79 79

Professional and business services......... 1,218 1,268 1,252 1,118 1,108 1,081 1,079 989 977

Education and health services............... 1,306 1,215 1,358 722 725 745 668 618 650

Educational services1

....................... 131 106 125 106 70 92 101 64 77

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,176 1,110 1,232 616 655 653 567 553 573

Leisure and hospitality........................ 975 772 791 1,101 1,053 1,082 1,067 737 781

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 135 86 92 168 115 124 170 84 105

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 840 686 700 934 938 958 896 653 677

Other services.................................. 256 243 247 216 302 228 234 190 174

Government....................................... 763 699 702 360 316 318 369 340 465

Federal1

......................................... 124 95 101 44 59 47 55 90 199

State and local................................. 638 605 602 316 257 271 314 250 266

State and local education.................. 234 207 230 156 114 125 160 129 133

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 404 397 372 160 143 146 154 121 133

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.6 4.4 4.5 3.8 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.6

Total private....................................... 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.0 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging1

............................ 3.0 2.7 3.5 3.7 3.1 2.7 3.5 3.6 3.5

Construction1

................................... 4.1 3.0 3.0 6.3 5.4 5.4 6.0 4.0 4.4

Manufacturing.................................. 3.1 3.9 4.1 2.4 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.9 2.9

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.1 3.4 3.7 2.2 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.9 4.7 4.9 2.8 3.6 3.4 2.7 3.2 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.7 4.7 3.8 4.0 4.2

Wholesale trade............................. 4.3 3.1 3.1 2.4 3.8 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3

Retail trade................................... 5.3 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.9 5.2 4.4 4.6 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 5.0 4.7 4.1 4.1 5.1 5.5 3.9 4.3 4.4

Information1

..................................... 4.7 4.4 4.7 3.3 3.9 4.2 3.2 1.9 2.0

Financial activities.............................. 4.6 3.4 3.3 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2

Finance and insurance..................... 4.8 3.6 3.1 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 4.2 2.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.1 3.6 3.6

Professional and business services......... 5.4 5.9 5.8 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.8

Education and health services............... 5.1 5.0 5.5 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.8

Educational services1

....................... 3.3 2.9 3.5 2.8 2.0 2.7 2.7 1.9 2.2

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.4 5.3 5.9 3.0 3.3 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.5 5.6 5.6 6.6 8.0 8.1 6.4 5.6 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 5.2 4.8 5.0 6.8 6.8 7.1 6.9 5.0 6.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.6 8.2 8.2 6.3 5.7 5.8

Other services.................................. 4.2 4.3 4.3 3.7 5.5 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Government....................................... 3.3 3.1 3.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.2

Federal1

......................................... 4.2 2.9 3.3 1.5 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.9 6.7

State and local................................. 3.1 3.1 3.1 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.4

State and local education.................. 2.2 2.1 2.4 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 4.2 4.2 4.0 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.5

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

 Special technical note: This technical note 

describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly 

basis to develop estimates from JOLTS survey 

responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of 

the procedures described in this technical note have 

been modified. The modifications are briefly 

described in the box note in the news release and are 

described in more detail at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemicon-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm. 

 This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System. 

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements. 

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

 The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

 The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar 

sources. 

 Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. 
Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are 

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly. 

Estimation Method

 The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program. 

 Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data 

elements. 

 Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations. 

 Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust 

again. 

 Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each 

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

 Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 
annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established. 

 Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month. 

Reliability of the estimates 

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected. 

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm. 

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation. 

Other information 

 Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total............................................... 7,309 6,001 6,697 6,352 6,494 6,652 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,546 5,347 5,879 5,636 5,795 5,950 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.7

Mining and logging3

....................... 23 16 16 15 17 22 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.7 3.5

Construction3............................... 325 244 332 275 223 230 4.1 3.3 4.4 3.7 3.0 3.0

Manufacturing.............................. 403 346 430 469 492 525 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.7 3.9 4.1

Durable goods3

.......................... 258 179 228 249 267 290 3.1 2.3 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.7

Nondurable goods3

...................... 145 167 202 220 225 235 2.9 3.6 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,472 1,075 1,181 1,130 1,142 1,102 5.0 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 268 163 179 187 180 178 4.3 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1

Retail trade............................... 877 669 773 705 671 667 5.3 4.4 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 327 243 228 238 291 257 5.0 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.7 4.1

Information3................................. 142 97 106 82 121 129 4.7 3.6 3.9 3.1 4.4 4.7

Financial activities......................... 426 298 291 284 301 293 4.6 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3

Finance and insurance................. 323 232 219 222 240 211 4.8 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 103 65 72 61 61 83 4.2 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.7 3.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,218 1,077 1,178 1,195 1,268 1,252 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.8

Education and health services........... 1,306 1,089 1,288 1,182 1,215 1,358 5.1 4.6 5.3 4.9 5.0 5.5

Educational services3................... 131 90 111 108 106 125 3.3 2.5 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,176 999 1,177 1,074 1,110 1,232 5.4 4.9 5.7 5.2 5.3 5.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 975 838 770 761 772 791 5.5 6.6 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 135 113 94 83 86 92 5.2 7.1 5.6 4.9 4.8 5.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 840 725 676 678 686 700 5.6 6.5 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.7

Other services.............................. 256 268 288 242 243 247 4.2 4.9 5.1 4.3 4.3 4.3

Government................................... 763 654 818 716 699 702 3.3 3.0 3.7 3.2 3.1 3.2

Federal3

..................................... 124 112 281 123 95 101 4.2 3.7 8.8 3.7 2.9 3.3

State and local............................. 638 542 536 594 605 602 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.1

State and local education.............. 234 186 176 199 207 230 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.4

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 404 356 360 394 397 372 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.0

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,234 1,123 1,209 1,080 1,101 1,186 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.0 4.1 4.3

South........................................... 2,804 2,226 2,479 2,512 2,584 2,605 4.8 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8

Midwest........................................ 1,648 1,329 1,561 1,366 1,388 1,395 4.8 4.2 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.3

West............................................ 1,623 1,323 1,448 1,394 1,421 1,466 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.2

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total............................................... 5,757 6,970 5,903 5,952 5,886 5,812 3.8 5.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,397 6,688 5,569 5,394 5,570 5,493 4.2 5.7 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.5

Mining and logging......................... 28 11 21 16 19 17 3.7 1.8 3.4 2.6 3.1 2.7

Construction................................ 475 499 396 396 394 396 6.3 7.0 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4

Manufacturing.............................. 312 432 341 384 374 371 2.4 3.6 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.0

Durable goods........................... 177 254 175 207 207 216 2.2 3.4 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.8

Nondurable goods....................... 135 178 165 177 166 155 2.8 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,112 1,362 1,227 1,248 1,255 1,247 4.0 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7

Wholesale trade......................... 144 165 123 135 212 131 2.4 2.9 2.2 2.4 3.8 2.3

Retail trade............................... 716 911 811 863 745 790 4.6 6.3 5.5 5.7 4.9 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 252 286 294 250 299 326 4.1 5.0 5.1 4.3 5.1 5.5

Information.................................. 96 57 67 87 103 111 3.3 2.2 2.6 3.4 3.9 4.2

Financial activities......................... 217 189 235 217 238 216 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 135 134 142 145 162 134 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 82 56 94 73 76 83 3.5 2.6 4.3 3.3 3.4 3.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,118 1,175 1,152 1,170 1,108 1,081 5.2 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.3

Education and health services........... 722 899 788 719 725 745 3.0 3.9 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2

Educational services.................... 106 116 100 93 70 92 2.8 3.4 2.9 2.6 2.0 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 616 783 688 626 655 653 3.0 4.1 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,101 1,759 1,168 934 1,053 1,082 6.6 14.7 9.3 7.4 8.0 8.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 168 162 167 129 115 124 6.8 10.9 10.6 8.0 6.8 7.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 934 1,597 1,001 806 938 958 6.6 15.3 9.1 7.3 8.2 8.2

Other services.............................. 216 305 173 222 302 228 3.7 5.9 3.2 4.1 5.5 4.1

Government................................... 360 281 334 558 316 318 1.6 1.3 1.5 2.5 1.4 1.5

Federal...................................... 44 40 72 315 59 47 1.5 1.4 2.5 10.0 1.9 1.6

State and local............................. 316 241 262 243 257 271 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5

State and local education.............. 156 123 124 105 114 125 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 160 118 138 138 143 146 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 921 1,214 1,052 1,017 982 959 3.3 4.8 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.7

South........................................... 2,274 2,417 2,173 2,278 2,297 2,312 4.1 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.4

Midwest........................................ 1,237 1,682 1,307 1,311 1,181 1,205 3.7 5.6 4.3 4.3 3.8 3.9

West............................................ 1,325 1,656 1,371 1,346 1,425 1,336 3.8 5.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.0

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total............................................... 5,580 4,899 4,988 4,689 4,844 5,107 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,211 4,656 4,729 4,413 4,504 4,642 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging......................... 26 28 26 19 23 22 3.5 4.4 4.2 3.1 3.6 3.5

Construction................................ 450 343 347 324 290 320 6.0 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.0 4.4

Manufacturing.............................. 333 392 359 332 354 355 2.6 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.9

Durable goods........................... 205 241 219 190 206 207 2.6 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.7

Nondurable goods....................... 128 152 140 141 148 149 2.7 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,062 1,077 1,123 1,103 1,063 1,118 3.8 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.2

Wholesale trade......................... 136 166 143 152 125 132 2.3 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.3

Retail trade............................... 687 640 717 719 687 726 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 240 271 263 232 251 260 3.9 4.8 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.4

Information.................................. 92 54 56 57 51 54 3.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.0

Financial activities......................... 200 177 197 205 190 192 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2

Finance and insurance................. 127 122 120 133 111 112 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 72 55 77 72 79 79 3.1 2.6 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,079 926 986 960 989 977 5.0 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.8

Education and health services........... 668 603 632 606 618 650 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8

Educational services.................... 101 55 71 59 64 77 2.7 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 567 548 561 547 553 573 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,067 858 820 708 737 781 6.4 7.2 6.5 5.6 5.6 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 170 136 115 53 84 105 6.9 9.2 7.3 3.3 5.0 6.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 896 722 705 655 653 677 6.3 6.9 6.4 5.9 5.7 5.8

Other services.............................. 234 199 183 98 190 174 4.0 3.9 3.4 1.8 3.5 3.2

Government................................... 369 243 259 276 340 465 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.2

Federal...................................... 55 42 45 57 90 199 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.9 6.7

State and local............................. 314 200 214 219 250 266 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

State and local education.............. 160 70 102 116 129 133 1.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 154 130 112 103 121 133 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 936 841 766 702 710 849 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.3

South........................................... 2,076 1,862 1,915 1,895 1,912 2,004 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,186 1,080 1,121 1,055 1,098 1,163 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.7

West............................................ 1,382 1,115 1,185 1,037 1,125 1,092 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.3

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total............................................... 3,442 2,605 2,932 2,839 3,074 3,092 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,261 2,492 2,789 2,696 2,920 2,917 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4

Mining and logging......................... 12 10 11 7 9 9 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.5

Construction................................ 189 131 143 103 142 115 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.6

Manufacturing.............................. 200 186 179 207 235 220 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.8

Durable goods........................... 118 101 104 117 129 123 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6

Nondurable goods....................... 82 85 75 90 106 96 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 630 613 753 722 702 712 2.3 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7

Wholesale trade......................... 61 79 90 86 92 90 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

Retail trade............................... 433 410 524 502 466 479 2.8 2.8 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 135 123 140 134 144 143 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4

Information.................................. 45 28 31 29 29 30 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2

Financial activities......................... 131 84 87 126 106 119 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.4

Finance and insurance................. 88 60 47 89 65 70 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.0 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 42 25 40 37 40 50 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 632 441 533 558 627 576 2.9 2.2 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.8

Education and health services........... 464 394 438 398 425 466 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.0

Educational services.................... 62 23 37 32 32 41 1.6 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 402 371 401 366 392 425 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 776 487 501 488 536 562 4.6 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 84 29 32 15 38 55 3.4 2.0 2.0 0.9 2.2 3.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 692 457 469 473 498 507 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4

Other services.............................. 183 117 113 58 110 107 3.1 2.3 2.1 1.1 2.0 1.9

Government................................... 180 113 143 142 155 175 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8

Federal...................................... 19 17 19 19 20 27 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.9

State and local............................. 161 96 123 124 134 147 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

State and local education.............. 85 31 59 66 70 72 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 76 66 65 58 65 76 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 506 392 410 389 425 450 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

South........................................... 1,331 1,054 1,160 1,233 1,303 1,312 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5

Midwest........................................ 768 599 703 633 680 682 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2

West............................................ 837 560 658 583 667 647 2.4 1.7 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.0

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total............................................... 1,778 1,995 1,745 1,533 1,437 1,680 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,657 1,913 1,690 1,464 1,311 1,459 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2

Mining and logging......................... 12 17 15 11 11 12 1.7 2.6 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.8

Construction................................ 244 197 192 206 135 193 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.9 1.9 2.6

Manufacturing.............................. 114 184 154 102 97 112 0.9 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.9

Durable goods........................... 73 127 102 60 65 69 0.9 1.7 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.9

Nondurable goods....................... 41 57 52 42 32 43 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 365 419 317 340 302 334 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2

Wholesale trade3

........................ 66 80 53 61 21 34 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.6

Retail trade............................... 211 203 171 194 191 204 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 88 135 92 85 90 96 1.4 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

Information.................................. 40 21 21 25 17 21 1.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8

Financial activities......................... 42 67 83 52 60 49 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6

Finance and insurance................. 18 41 50 21 26 21 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 24 25 33 31 34 28 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 390 423 390 352 305 340 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.7

Education and health services........... 167 155 165 164 155 152 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 29 30 31 21 28 32 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 137 126 134 143 127 120 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 247 351 293 188 166 188 1.5 2.9 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 81 103 81 35 44 48 3.3 7.0 5.1 2.1 2.6 2.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 165 248 213 154 122 140 1.2 2.4 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.2

Other services.............................. 36 81 61 23 63 58 0.6 1.6 1.1 0.4 1.1 1.1

Government................................... 121 81 55 69 127 221 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.0

Federal...................................... 26 14 12 23 60 151 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.9 5.1

State and local............................. 96 67 43 46 67 70 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

State and local education.............. 46 29 18 26 34 38 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 49 38 25 20 33 31 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 366 395 300 264 232 350 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.3

South........................................... 621 706 639 540 476 552 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1

Midwest........................................ 340 416 355 355 351 413 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3

West............................................ 452 478 451 374 378 365 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total............................................... 360 300 311 317 333 336 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 293 251 250 253 274 266 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 1 1 3 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2

Construction3

............................... 17 15 11 15 12 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 20 22 26 23 22 24 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 14 12 13 13 12 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 5 9 13 10 10 9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 68 45 53 41 59 72 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 9 6 0 5 11 8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 42 27 22 23 30 43 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 17 13 31 13 18 21 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4

Information3................................. 8 5 4 3 4 2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Financial activities......................... 26 26 27 27 25 24 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 21 21 23 23 19 22 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 6 5 4 4 5 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 57 62 64 50 58 61 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 37 53 29 44 38 32 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Educational services.................... 9 2 3 5 5 4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 28 52 26 38 34 27 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 44 20 26 32 35 31 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 5 3 3 4 2 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 39 17 23 28 33 30 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Other services3............................. 15 2 9 16 18 9 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Government................................... 68 48 61 64 59 69 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 11 11 14 15 10 20 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.7

State and local............................. 57 37 48 50 48 49 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 28 11 25 25 25 23 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 29 26 23 25 24 26 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 65 55 56 48 53 48 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 124 102 116 121 133 140 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 78 66 63 67 67 68 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 93 78 76 80 80 80 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 7,693 6,639 7,097 4.8 4.5 4.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,940 5,943 6,397 5.1 4.7 5.0

Mining and logging............................................... 23 17 22 3.0 2.7 3.5

Construction....................................................... 325 223 230 4.0 2.9 3.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 403 492 525 3.0 3.9 4.1

Durable goods.................................................. 258 267 290 3.1 3.4 3.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 145 225 235 2.9 4.7 4.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,692 1,286 1,324 5.7 4.6 4.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 264 181 172 4.3 3.1 3.0

Retail trade..................................................... 1,101 814 894 6.6 5.2 5.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 327 291 257 5.0 4.7 4.1

Information........................................................ 142 121 129 4.7 4.4 4.6

Financial activities................................................ 451 302 321 4.9 3.4 3.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 348 240 239 5.1 3.6 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 103 61 83 4.2 2.7 3.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,344 1,344 1,400 5.8 6.2 6.4

Education and health services.................................. 1,332 1,170 1,402 5.1 4.8 5.6

Educational services.......................................... 131 106 125 3.2 3.0 3.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,201 1,065 1,277 5.5 5.1 6.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 939 748 759 5.3 5.4 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 130 65 87 5.1 3.6 4.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 809 683 673 5.4 5.6 5.5

Other services.................................................... 288 241 285 4.6 4.2 4.9

Government.......................................................... 753 696 700 3.2 3.1 3.1

Federal............................................................. 124 95 101 4.2 2.9 3.3

State and local.................................................... 629 601 599 3.0 3.1 3.1

State and local education..................................... 224 204 227 2.0 2.1 2.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 404 397 372 4.2 4.2 4.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,308 1,129 1,268 4.5 4.2 4.6

South................................................................. 2,903 2,642 2,737 4.9 4.8 4.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,743 1,416 1,483 5.0 4.4 4.5

West.................................................................. 1,738 1,452 1,609 4.7 4.2 4.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 6,160 5,955 6,195 4.0 4.2 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,817 5,546 5,886 4.5 4.6 4.8

Mining and logging............................................... 29 21 19 3.9 3.4 3.0

Construction....................................................... 489 385 403 6.3 5.2 5.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 312 388 378 2.4 3.2 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 171 215 219 2.1 2.8 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 141 173 159 2.9 3.8 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,369 1,264 1,484 4.9 4.8 5.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 163 213 145 2.8 3.8 2.6

Retail trade..................................................... 900 725 940 5.8 4.9 6.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 306 326 399 4.9 5.5 6.7

Information........................................................ 110 106 134 3.8 4.0 5.1

Financial activities................................................ 239 229 234 2.7 2.6 2.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 153 157 146 2.4 2.4 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 85 72 88 3.6 3.2 4.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,187 1,067 1,123 5.5 5.3 5.4

Education and health services.................................. 804 790 830 3.3 3.4 3.5

Educational services.......................................... 109 127 94 2.8 3.7 2.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 696 662 735 3.4 3.4 3.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,067 1,015 1,050 6.4 7.7 7.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 149 89 108 6.2 5.1 6.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 918 927 942 6.4 8.1 8.1

Other services.................................................... 211 280 233 3.6 5.1 4.2

Government.......................................................... 343 409 308 1.5 1.9 1.4

Federal............................................................. 46 63 50 1.6 2.0 1.7

State and local.................................................... 297 347 258 1.5 1.9 1.4

State and local education..................................... 156 215 128 1.4 2.2 1.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 141 132 131 1.5 1.5 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 953 1,010 974 3.4 3.9 3.7

South................................................................. 2,441 2,281 2,498 4.4 4.4 4.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,308 1,196 1,262 3.9 3.9 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,458 1,469 1,460 4.1 4.5 4.4

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 5,708 5,144 5,300 3.7 3.6 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,388 4,765 4,875 4.2 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging............................................... 26 20 22 3.5 3.3 3.5

Construction....................................................... 486 311 358 6.3 4.2 4.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 349 380 383 2.7 3.1 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 210 222 222 2.6 2.9 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 139 158 161 2.9 3.4 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,065 1,038 1,154 3.8 3.9 4.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 145 128 143 2.4 2.3 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 678 683 741 4.3 4.6 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 243 227 270 3.9 3.9 4.5

Information........................................................ 88 52 52 3.1 2.0 2.0

Financial activities................................................ 194 185 184 2.2 2.1 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 123 106 106 1.9 1.6 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 71 80 78 3.0 3.6 3.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,096 997 1,002 5.1 4.9 4.9

Education and health services.................................. 652 603 640 2.7 2.6 2.7

Educational services.......................................... 72 60 58 1.8 1.7 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 580 543 583 2.8 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,201 958 916 7.2 7.3 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 227 164 163 9.4 9.5 9.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 974 794 753 6.8 6.9 6.5

Other services.................................................... 230 221 164 3.9 4.1 3.0

Government.......................................................... 320 379 425 1.4 1.7 1.9

Federal............................................................. 58 92 201 2.0 2.9 6.7

State and local.................................................... 262 287 224 1.3 1.5 1.2

State and local education..................................... 105 111 89 1.0 1.1 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 158 176 135 1.7 2.0 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 941 846 868 3.4 3.3 3.3

South................................................................. 2,079 1,981 2,074 3.7 3.8 3.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,249 1,142 1,204 3.8 3.7 3.9

West.................................................................. 1,439 1,175 1,153 4.1 3.6 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 3,541 3,298 3,280 2.3 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,389 3,132 3,126 2.6 2.6 2.6

Mining and logging............................................... 13 10 10 1.7 1.6 1.6

Construction....................................................... 204 166 136 2.6 2.2 1.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 207 257 236 1.6 2.1 1.9

Durable goods.................................................. 122 144 134 1.5 1.9 1.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 85 113 102 1.8 2.5 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 681 725 788 2.4 2.7 2.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 69 97 99 1.2 1.7 1.8

Retail trade..................................................... 462 491 531 3.0 3.3 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 149 137 158 2.4 2.3 2.6

Information........................................................ 44 31 30 1.5 1.2 1.2

Financial activities................................................ 130 109 120 1.5 1.3 1.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 88 68 70 1.4 1.1 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 42 40 50 1.8 1.8 2.2

Professional and business services............................ 664 649 622 3.1 3.2 3.0

Education and health services.................................. 468 424 482 1.9 1.8 2.1

Educational services.......................................... 52 36 37 1.3 1.1 1.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 416 388 445 2.0 2.0 2.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 798 638 599 4.8 4.8 4.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 83 59 59 3.4 3.4 3.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 716 579 540 5.0 5.0 4.6

Other services.................................................... 179 124 102 3.0 2.3 1.9

Government.......................................................... 152 166 154 0.7 0.8 0.7

Federal............................................................. 20 21 29 0.7 0.7 1.0

State and local.................................................... 132 144 125 0.7 0.8 0.7

State and local education..................................... 61 65 53 0.6 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 71 79 72 0.8 0.9 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 510 490 466 1.8 1.9 1.8

South................................................................. 1,355 1,366 1,400 2.4 2.6 2.7

Midwest............................................................... 804 728 720 2.4 2.4 2.3

West.................................................................. 872 713 693 2.5 2.2 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 1,831 1,526 1,699 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,712 1,366 1,482 1.3 1.1 1.2

Mining and logging............................................... 12 8 10 1.6 1.2 1.7

Construction....................................................... 265 133 210 3.4 1.8 2.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 123 102 124 1.0 0.8 1.0

Durable goods.................................................. 74 67 73 0.9 0.9 1.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 48 36 50 1.0 0.8 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 325 253 300 1.2 1.0 1.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 66 21 34 1.1 0.4 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 182 160 175 1.2 1.1 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 77 72 91 1.2 1.2 1.5

Information........................................................ 36 17 20 1.3 0.6 0.7

Financial activities................................................ 42 55 44 0.5 0.6 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 19 21 17 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 23 34 27 1.0 1.5 1.2

Professional and business services............................ 365 292 309 1.7 1.4 1.5

Education and health services.................................. 150 141 127 0.6 0.6 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 15 20 17 0.4 0.6 0.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 135 121 110 0.7 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 359 286 286 2.2 2.2 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 140 103 102 5.8 6.0 5.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 219 183 184 1.5 1.6 1.6

Other services.................................................... 36 79 52 0.6 1.4 0.9

Government.......................................................... 118 160 217 0.5 0.7 1.0

Federal............................................................. 28 60 153 1.0 1.9 5.1

State and local.................................................... 90 100 64 0.4 0.5 0.3

State and local education..................................... 27 27 23 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 63 73 41 0.7 0.8 0.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 368 298 357 1.3 1.1 1.4

South................................................................. 616 486 543 1.1 0.9 1.0

Midwest............................................................... 374 350 421 1.1 1.1 1.3

West.................................................................. 473 392 378 1.3 1.2 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 337 320 321 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 287 267 266 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 3 1 0.2 0.4 0.2

Construction....................................................... 17 12 11 0.2 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 19 20 24 0.1 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 14 11 14 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 5 10 9 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 60 59 66 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 10 9 9 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 34 32 36 0.2 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 17 18 21 0.3 0.3 0.4

Information........................................................ 8 4 2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Financial activities................................................ 22 21 21 0.3 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 17 16 19 0.3 0.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 6 5 1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 67 56 71 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 34 38 31 0.1 0.2 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 6 4 3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 28 34 27 0.1 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 44 35 31 0.3 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 5 2 2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 39 33 30 0.3 0.3 0.3

Other services.................................................... 15 18 9 0.3 0.3 0.2

Government.......................................................... 50 53 54 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 9 11 19 0.3 0.4 0.6

State and local.................................................... 40 42 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 17 19 14 0.2 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 24 24 22 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 63 58 45 0.2 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 109 129 131 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 72 64 62 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 94 70 82 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.