For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, April 21, 2023 USDL-23-0725 

Technical information: 

 Employment: (202) 691-6559 • sminfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/sae 

 Unemployment: (202) 691-6392 • lausinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lau 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT — MARCH 2023 

Unemployment rates were lower in March in 18 states, higher in the District of Columbia, and stable in

32 states, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Eleven states and the District had jobless 

rate decreases from a year earlier, 10 states had increases, and 29 states had little change. The national 

unemployment rate, 3.5 percent, changed little both over the month and over the year. 

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 2 states and was essentially unchanged in 48 states and the 

District of Columbia in March 2023. Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 42 states 

and was essentially unchanged in 8 states and the District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force and

unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of households. These data pertain to 

individuals by where they reside. The employment data are from an establishment survey that measures

nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined by 

where the establishments are located. For more information about the concepts and statistical 

methodologies used by these two programs, see the Technical Note. 

Unemployment

South Dakota had the lowest jobless rate in March, 1.9 percent. The next lowest rates were in Nebraska 

and North Dakota, 2.1 percent each. The rates in Alabama (2.3 percent), Arkansas (3.0 percent), 

Maryland (2.7 percent), Mississippi (3.5 percent), Montana (2.3 percent), West Virginia (3.4 percent), 

and Wisconsin (2.5 percent) set new series lows. (All state series begin in 1976.) Nevada had the highest 

unemployment rate, 5.5 percent. In total, 18 states had unemployment rates lower than the U.S. figure of 

3.5 percent, 9 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates, and 23 states had rates that were not 

appreciably different from that of the nation. (See tables A and 1 and map 1.)

In March, 18 states had over-the-month unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which were in New 

Hampshire, Oregon, and West Virginia (-0.3 percentage point each). The District of Columbia had the 

only over-the-month increase (+0.1 percentage point). Thirty-two states had jobless rates that were not 

notably different from those of a month earlier, though some had changes that were at least as large 

numerically as the significant changes. (See table B.)
-2- 

Eleven states and the District of Columbia had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, the largest 

of which was in New Mexico (-1.1 percentage points). Ten states had rate increases from March 2022, 

the largest of which was in Oregon (+0.9 percentage point). (See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment 

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 2 states and was essentially unchanged in 48 states and the 

District of Columbia in March 2023. The job gains occurred in Massachusetts (+16,300, or +0.4 percent) 

and Kentucky (+9,400, or +0.5 percent). (See tables D and 3.) 

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 42 states and was essentially unchanged in 8 

states and the District of Columbia. The largest job increases occurred in Texas (+575,100), California 

(+432,100), and Florida (+413,000). The largest percentage increase occurred in Nevada (+5.0 percent), 

followed by Florida (+4.5 percent) and Texas (+4.3 percent). (See table E and map 2.) 

_____________ 

The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for March is scheduled to 

be released on Wednesday, May 3, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The State Employment and 

Unemployment news release for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 19, 2023, at 

10:00 a.m. (ET). 
-3- 

State Rate p

United States 1 ................................................ 3.5

Alabama ........................................................... 2.3

California .......................................................... 4.4

Colorado ........................................................... 2.8

Delaware .......................................................... 4.4

District of Columbia ........................................... 4.8

Florida .............................................................. 2.6

Idaho ................................................................ 2.6

Illinois ............................................................... 4.4

Iowa ................................................................. 2.8

Kansas ............................................................. 2.9

Maine ............................................................... 2.6

Maryland ........................................................... 2.7

Minnesota ......................................................... 2.8

Missouri ............................................................ 2.5

Montana ............................................................ 2.3

Nebraska .......................................................... 2.1

Nevada ............................................................. 5.5

New Hampshire ................................................. 2.4

New York .......................................................... 4.1

North Dakota ..................................................... 2.1

Oregon ............................................................. 4.4

Pennsylvania ..................................................... 4.2

South Dakota .................................................... 1.9

Texas ................................................................ 4.0

Utah ................................................................. 2.4

Vermont ............................................................ 2.7

Washington ....................................................... 4.5

Wisconsin ......................................................... 2.5

1

 Data are not preliminary.

p

 = preliminary.

Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different from that

of the U.S., March 2023, seasonally adjusted
-4- 

Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from February 2023

to March 2023, seasonally adjusted

February 2023 March 2023 p

Alabama ..................................... 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Arizona ....................................... 3.7 3.5 -.2

Arkansas .................................... 3.2 3.0 -.2

District of Columbia ..................... 4.7 4.8 .1

Iowa ........................................... 2.9 2.8 -.1

Maine ......................................... 2.8 2.6 -.2

Maryland ..................................... 2.9 2.7 -.2

Massachusetts ............................. 3.7 3.5 -.2

Mississippi .................................. 3.7 3.5 -.2

Nebraska .................................... 2.3 2.1 -.2

New Hampshire ........................... 2.7 2.4 -.3

North Carolina ............................. 3.6 3.5 -.1

Oregon ....................................... 4.7 4.4 -.3

Pennsylvania ............................... 4.4 4.2 -.2

South Dakota .............................. 2.1 1.9 -.2

Vermont ...................................... 2.8 2.7 -.1

Washington ................................. 4.6 4.5 -.1

West Virginia .............................. 3.7 3.4 -.3

Wisconsin ................................... 2.7 2.5 -.2

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-month 

change p
-5- 

Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from March 2022

to March 2023, seasonally adjusted

March 2022 March 2023 p

Alabama ..................................... 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Alaska ........................................ 4.3 3.7 -.6

Colorado ..................................... 3.3 2.8 -.5

Connecticut ................................. 4.3 4.0 -.3

District of Columbia ..................... 5.2 4.8 -.4

Florida ........................................ 3.1 2.6 -.5

Indiana ....................................... 2.8 3.1 .3

Iowa ........................................... 2.4 2.8 .4

Kansas ....................................... 2.4 2.9 .5

Maryland ..................................... 3.2 2.7 -.5

Minnesota ................................... 2.4 2.8 .4

Montana ...................................... 2.5 2.3 -.2

New Hampshire ........................... 2.1 2.4 .3

New Jersey ................................. 4.1 3.5 -.6

New Mexico ................................. 4.6 3.5 -1.1

New York .................................... 4.4 4.1 -.3

Oregon ....................................... 3.5 4.4 .9

Vermont ...................................... 2.3 2.7 .4

Virginia ....................................... 2.8 3.2 .4

Washington ................................. 3.9 4.5 .6

Wisconsin ................................... 2.8 2.5 -.3

Wyoming .................................... 3.3 3.7 .4

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-year 

change p

Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from February 2023 to

March 2023, seasonally adjusted

February March

2023 2023 p Level Percent

Kentucky .................................... 1,992,200 2,001,600 9,400 0.5

Massachusetts ............................. 3,742,000 3,758,300 16,300 .4

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-month change p
-6- 

Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from March 2022 to

March 2023, seasonally adjusted

March March

2022 2023 p Level Percent

Alabama ..................................... 2,095,600 2,141,900 46,300 2.2

Alaska ........................................ 318,100 324,400 6,300 2.0

Arizona ....................................... 3,076,400 3,145,000 68,600 2.2

Arkansas .................................... 1,320,800 1,353,200 32,400 2.5

California .................................... 17,535,700 17,967,800 432,100 2.5

Delaware .................................... 469,200 483,400 14,200 3.0

Florida ........................................ 9,278,600 9,691,600 413,000 4.5

Georgia ...................................... 4,752,000 4,885,400 133,400 2.8

Hawaii ........................................ 609,600 632,500 22,900 3.8

Idaho .......................................... 822,100 846,600 24,500 3.0

 

Illinois ......................................... 5,988,800 6,119,900 131,100 2.2

Indiana ....................................... 3,169,700 3,245,300 75,600 2.4

Iowa ........................................... 1,566,900 1,592,900 26,000 1.7

Kansas ....................................... 1,405,500 1,442,600 37,100 2.6

Kentucky .................................... 1,951,800 2,001,600 49,800 2.6

Louisiana .................................... 1,909,700 1,949,900 40,200 2.1

Maryland ..................................... 2,697,400 2,733,300 35,900 1.3

Massachusetts ............................. 3,654,300 3,758,300 104,000 2.8

Michigan ..................................... 4,341,200 4,416,300 75,100 1.7

Minnesota ................................... 2,910,600 2,975,900 65,300 2.2

 

Missouri ...................................... 2,907,200 2,969,300 62,100 2.1

Montana ...................................... 507,000 517,200 10,200 2.0

Nebraska .................................... 1,022,000 1,045,000 23,000 2.3

Nevada ....................................... 1,468,200 1,541,200 73,000 5.0

New Hampshire ........................... 684,000 700,500 16,500 2.4

New Jersey ................................. 4,225,600 4,311,100 85,500 2.0

New Mexico ................................. 842,200 866,100 23,900 2.8

New York .................................... 9,439,100 9,707,100 268,000 2.8

North Carolina ............................. 4,758,700 4,891,600 132,900 2.8

North Dakota ............................... 425,500 434,600 9,100 2.1

 

Ohio ........................................... 5,506,900 5,589,700 82,800 1.5

Oklahoma .................................... 1,685,000 1,726,400 41,400 2.5

Oregon ....................................... 1,935,200 1,989,400 54,200 2.8

Pennsylvania ............................... 5,949,900 6,108,900 159,000 2.7

South Carolina ............................ 2,222,900 2,283,500 60,600 2.7

South Dakota .............................. 450,400 460,100 9,700 2.2

Tennessee .................................. 3,214,000 3,310,900 96,900 3.0

Texas .......................................... 13,264,100 13,839,200 575,100 4.3

Utah ........................................... 1,664,800 1,711,300 46,500 2.8

Virginia ....................................... 4,038,500 4,138,400 99,900 2.5

Washington ................................. 3,503,400 3,615,100 111,700 3.2

Wisconsin ................................... 2,956,500 2,997,900 41,400 1.4

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-year change p
Technical Note

This news release presents civilian labor force and 

unemployment data for states and selected substate areas from 

the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program 

(tables 1 and 2). Also presented are nonfarm payroll 

employment estimates by state and industry supersector from 

the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 

4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state 

cooperative endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment—from the 

LAUS program

 Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment 

data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those 

used for the official national estimates obtained from the 

Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of 

households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau. The LAUS program 

measures employed people and unemployed people on a place

of-residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian 

noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. 

Employed people are those who did any work at all for pay or 

profit in the reference week (typically the week including the 

12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in 

a family business or farm, plus those not working who had a job 

from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, 

for such reasons as bad weather, labor-management dispute, 

illness, or vacation.

 Unemployed people are those who were not employed during 

the reference week (based on the definition above), had actively 

looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week, and were currently available for work; people 

on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be 

counted as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of 

employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate is 

the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor 

force.

 Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District 

of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale 

metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of 

California and New York State are produced using time-series 

models. This method, which underwent substantial 

enhancement at the beginning of 2021, utilizes data from 

several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state 

unemployment insurance (UI) programs. Estimates for the state 

of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los 

Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and the 

balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State 

are derived by summing the estimates for New York City and 

the balance of New York State. Estimates for the five additional 

substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria 

and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn metropolitan areas and the 

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami Beach

Kendall, and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) 

and their respective balances of state are produced using a 

similar model-based approach.

 Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are 

modeled using inputs from the CPS only and controlled to the

national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their 

respective census division totals. Substate and balance-of-state 

estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to 

their respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling 

model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called real-time 

benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a 

monthly household survey similar to the CPS. A more detailed 

description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS 

upon request

 Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment 

data for prior years reflect adjustments made after the end of 

each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population 

data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the other 

data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical 

data for the most recent five years are revised near the 

beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January 

estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of time

series models in 2021, historical data were re-estimated back to 

the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994. 

 Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the 

estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend, 

seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals 

of employed and unemployed people first are adjusted using an 

X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then 

are smoothed using a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space 

(RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of 

employed and unemployed people are summed to derive the 

civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 

calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. 

The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted unemployment 

rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published 

on the BLS website.

 During estimation for the current year, the smoothedseasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are created 

using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from 

previous observations only. For annual revisions, historical data 

are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

 Area definitions. The substate area data published in this 

release reflect the delineations that were issued by the U.S. 

Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A 

detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment—from the CES program

 Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on 

establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted 

at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; 

those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each 

payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal 

activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North 

American Industry Classification System. 

 Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment 

data are produced using several estimation procedures. Where 
possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link 

relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current month 

weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted 

employment is computed from a sample of establishments 

reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the 

current month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by 

the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted link 

relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample 

size meets certain statistical criteria. For some employment 

series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct 

sample estimates (described above) combined with other 

regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

 Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted 

annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, 

derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by 

employers who are covered under state unemployment 

insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to 

adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and 

the preceding one and to establish the level of employment for 

the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process 

establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to 

measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the 

subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions 

is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm. 

 Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are 

seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector level. 

In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total 

is computed by aggregating the independently adjusted 

supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted 

payroll employment total is independently adjusted. Revisions 

to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 

year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.

 Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted 

concurrently, using all available estimates including those for 

the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors.

Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for 

the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous 

month’s final estimate. 

 Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation 

procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each 

individual state. BLS independently develops a national 

employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to 

national totals. Each state series is subject to larger relative 

sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series. 

Summing state estimates cumulates individual state-level errors 

and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due 

to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-ofstates" employment series and cautions users that such a series 

is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

 The estimates presented in this release are based on sample 

surveys, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are 

subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is 

a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs 

by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, 

such as those which can be introduced into the data collection 

and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from 

sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from 

the specific estimation processes used.

 Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment 

rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are cited in the 

analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be 

statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level. 

Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month 

generally are cited only if they have been determined to be 

significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 90-percent 

confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error 

measures for unemployment rates and over-the-month and

over-the-year changes in rates are available at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. The underlying standard error 

measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state 

payroll employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector 

levels are available at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. 

Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

 Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the 

LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll employment from 

the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan 

divisions are available in the news release Metropolitan Area 

Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor 

force, employed people, unemployed people, and 

unemployment rates for approximately 7,600 subnational areas 

are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data 

from the CES program for states and metropolitan areas are 

available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. If you are deaf, hard of 

hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services. 
LABOR FORCE DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Number Percent of labor force

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,287,334 2,284,984 2,286,491 2,289,759 58,074 58,392 56,166 53,053 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.3

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357,273 357,026 357,399 357,738 15,367 13,443 13,576 13,273 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,587,441 3,648,224 3,653,226 3,659,156 128,099 140,410 134,816 129,455 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.5

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367,533 1,373,523 1,373,598 1,375,426 43,062 46,604 43,670 40,837 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.0

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,219,905 19,316,062 19,338,411 19,371,072 837,088 813,818 841,703 859,631 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 5,019,203 4,959,665 4,970,313 4,982,218 263,863 235,657 244,827 248,158 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.0

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,204,876 3,206,346 3,217,067 3,227,330 104,801 90,436 92,704 91,048 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.8

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,950,423 1,912,913 1,910,768 1,905,663 84,470 75,444 75,733 75,297 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.0

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498,091 496,001 495,920 496,637 21,853 22,905 22,610 22,046 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.4

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387,619 389,168 389,688 390,516 20,300 17,322 18,157 18,893 5.2 4.5 4.7 4.8

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,672,069 10,854,532 10,879,065 10,921,822 331,866 285,839 284,361 283,276 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.6

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,361,534 1,382,466 1,384,364 1,390,571 39,318 28,360 27,579 26,183 2.9 2.1 2.0 1.9

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,233,419 5,239,331 5,248,424 5,261,296 155,574 161,710 162,897 164,973 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671,502 679,077 678,351 678,449 21,916 24,629 24,176 23,584 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.5

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945,839 956,436 958,112 960,017 23,732 25,701 25,141 24,682 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,490,596 6,470,257 6,474,374 6,477,054 294,491 294,351 289,854 283,844 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,865,889 3,866,183 3,868,514 3,868,961 178,240 185,548 178,682 172,950 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.5

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,394,391 3,409,101 3,409,697 3,416,350 93,975 106,270 106,121 105,493 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.1

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,713,877 1,721,065 1,721,138 1,723,811 40,346 51,176 50,083 48,300 2.4 3.0 2.9 2.8

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503,552 1,507,842 1,510,124 1,514,162 35,704 43,678 44,088 43,891 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,055,534 2,040,567 2,041,678 2,042,066 78,632 79,019 79,762 77,039 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,096,410 2,089,407 2,097,633 2,106,525 78,065 73,987 75,871 75,972 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678,426 672,718 673,394 673,643 19,471 19,702 18,841 17,570 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.6

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,173,331 3,163,822 3,167,195 3,177,720 102,073 94,030 92,348 86,326 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.7

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,755,168 3,729,764 3,741,461 3,741,742 138,297 132,399 137,140 132,766 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.5

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,835,578 4,836,195 4,842,266 4,851,544 196,020 208,935 207,045 199,731 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,123,343 2,102,185 2,103,147 2,107,265 84,561 79,756 79,341 74,051 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.5

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,068,131 3,084,640 3,083,348 3,084,118 74,072 89,970 91,023 87,574 2.4 2.9 3.0 2.8

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,259,725 1,241,563 1,241,575 1,243,241 48,186 48,658 46,510 44,033 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.5

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,056,255 3,069,736 3,075,402 3,085,502 75,140 81,882 79,689 77,408 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565,622 570,402 571,016 572,319 14,384 14,395 13,775 13,231 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,057,550 1,059,793 1,059,665 1,060,418 20,918 26,541 24,704 22,536 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.1

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,528,283 1,569,407 1,570,746 1,572,641 80,660 86,549 87,111 86,661 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.5

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763,215 770,431 769,924 767,903 16,270 21,850 20,623 18,797 2.1 2.8 2.7 2.4

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,706,634 4,778,908 4,796,374 4,814,676 195,037 163,664 168,835 170,719 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.5

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951,121 947,733 950,806 953,679 43,793 33,473 34,444 33,804 4.6 3.5 3.6 3.5

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,611,138 9,632,060 9,646,609 9,660,021 424,179 402,570 401,288 391,616 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,095,338 4,125,364 4,138,484 4,148,471 256,145 217,541 222,492 221,945 6.3 5.3 5.4 5.4

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,153,298 5,166,668 5,168,863 5,179,566 172,204 193,793 188,101 183,118 3.3 3.8 3.6 3.5

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414,911 414,940 415,423 416,562 8,797 8,849 8,856 8,703 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,758,127 5,724,668 5,738,825 5,755,585 226,044 228,884 223,524 218,382 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,023,900 1,023,000 1,025,615 1,028,520 50,916 44,059 42,937 41,301 5.0 4.3 4.2 4.0

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,884,603 1,892,639 1,895,814 1,902,360 53,266 58,843 57,608 56,822 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.0

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,171,252 2,185,455 2,182,992 2,176,057 76,941 104,988 103,216 95,735 3.5 4.8 4.7 4.4

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,478,879 6,492,168 6,500,166 6,505,126 281,841 281,289 283,410 275,993 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570,640 566,370 566,150 566,146 17,190 17,561 17,357 17,343 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,378,214 2,374,826 2,382,107 2,393,147 76,169 76,046 76,043 76,435 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474,598 475,350 475,998 477,186 8,995 10,061 9,842 9,187 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.9

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,380,792 3,322,133 3,328,111 3,338,228 112,990 115,667 116,474 113,879 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.4

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,605,471 14,754,644 14,819,290 14,898,145 569,834 569,291 587,211 599,889 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731,501 1,759,556 1,765,268 1,773,369 37,888 42,619 42,302 41,702 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341,055 344,527 345,416 346,193 7,825 10,103 9,831 9,222 2.3 2.9 2.8 2.7

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,421,757 4,487,575 4,505,399 4,528,910 121,725 144,917 145,877 143,447 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.2

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,965,105 4,022,870 4,035,637 4,047,656 154,988 184,387 185,457 180,736 3.9 4.6 4.6 4.5

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,757,267 1,782,027 1,783,642 1,787,857 48,677 56,947 54,874 53,267 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785,927 784,041 782,723 782,374 28,568 30,916 28,813 26,864 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.4

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,095,420 3,067,821 3,069,845 3,074,448 85,176 87,962 82,956 76,550 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.5

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289,736 294,594 295,522 296,763 9,436 11,360 11,117 10,891 3.3 3.9 3.8 3.7

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,204,175 1,197,773 1,202,653 1,202,190 74,244 71,655 72,558 72,513 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.0

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
LABOR FORCE DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

February March Number Percent of labor force

2022 2023 2022 2023p

February March February March

2022 2023 2022 2023p 2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,277,291 2,285,046 2,283,963 2,291,790 66,470 54,111 56,151 44,574 2.9 2.4 2.5 1.9

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355,282 355,004 354,162 354,869 19,350 15,799 17,074 14,283 5.4 4.5 4.8 4.0

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,579,498 3,664,175 3,595,573 3,677,373 129,382 118,475 120,298 119,098 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.2

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,363,781 1,369,419 1,370,298 1,381,469 51,617 39,726 43,443 36,222 3.8 2.9 3.2 2.6

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,292,418 19,470,575 19,307,448 19,498,333 965,748 943,946 867,452 937,793 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.8

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 5,065,387 5,041,535 5,051,030 5,034,098 292,689 263,536 260,565 251,121 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.0

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,202,616 3,243,663 3,195,552 3,232,419 126,841 105,198 108,143 86,367 4.0 3.2 3.4 2.7

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,939,318 1,889,803 1,949,097 1,882,201 99,897 87,063 88,683 81,230 5.2 4.6 4.5 4.3

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497,407 494,664 499,906 500,661 24,081 22,680 22,665 21,748 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.3

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387,107 392,256 388,830 391,961 21,593 19,196 19,865 19,963 5.6 4.9 5.1 5.1

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,620,017 10,942,733 10,655,670 11,027,163 345,408 274,937 316,855 281,394 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.6

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,372,977 1,398,892 1,353,913 1,398,354 39,657 23,597 40,617 25,066 2.9 1.7 3.0 1.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,243,847 5,296,195 5,259,516 5,323,383 170,502 174,742 157,188 177,776 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.3

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670,038 678,021 673,200 680,617 21,071 21,420 20,491 20,985 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940,225 960,802 945,910 962,446 30,454 30,416 28,769 30,076 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,463,046 6,451,815 6,484,826 6,446,508 329,505 292,557 301,708 279,007 5.1 4.5 4.7 4.3

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,862,717 3,854,835 3,856,844 3,845,379 194,672 156,699 171,182 156,387 5.0 4.1 4.4 4.1

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,373,819 3,397,639 3,392,845 3,429,755 113,368 120,344 106,975 120,141 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.5

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,720,435 1,727,064 1,719,182 1,731,952 51,738 56,238 48,595 51,896 3.0 3.3 2.8 3.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500,948 1,516,010 1,503,134 1,522,325 39,782 48,203 39,466 46,054 2.7 3.2 2.6 3.0

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,043,365 2,039,691 2,064,977 2,044,827 87,208 92,855 90,204 77,847 4.3 4.6 4.4 3.8

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,074,997 2,100,421 2,092,517 2,115,667 76,063 73,962 72,837 69,528 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672,752 668,793 673,881 667,628 26,323 20,810 23,868 19,610 3.9 3.1 3.5 2.9

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,163,757 3,170,392 3,177,080 3,214,536 117,442 96,839 106,394 74,269 3.7 3.1 3.3 2.3

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,752,740 3,763,398 3,761,694 3,739,104 162,389 158,937 147,168 144,316 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.9

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,801,422 4,839,421 4,833,263 4,869,939 236,630 220,655 216,189 198,780 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.1

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,113,536 2,089,502 2,120,992 2,117,808 101,541 78,658 90,431 60,070 4.8 3.8 4.3 2.8

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,054,593 3,070,660 3,061,581 3,082,964 96,942 109,634 95,370 96,650 3.2 3.6 3.1 3.1

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,258,225 1,240,073 1,255,151 1,246,134 52,912 39,942 43,439 38,375 4.2 3.2 3.5 3.1

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,040,565 3,077,134 3,052,072 3,106,105 95,447 81,604 86,857 83,971 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.7

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562,214 571,055 566,081 575,605 18,029 16,075 17,319 16,219 3.2 2.8 3.1 2.8

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054,133 1,058,312 1,058,871 1,062,937 25,559 23,395 24,395 21,417 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.0

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,524,000 1,581,180 1,530,468 1,578,107 82,882 89,757 79,514 85,435 5.4 5.7 5.2 5.4

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761,347 766,163 764,817 758,628 19,754 18,479 19,042 16,722 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,688,627 4,848,662 4,717,858 4,863,872 239,496 198,754 207,848 186,707 5.1 4.1 4.4 3.8

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951,294 957,668 948,577 953,847 47,820 37,378 42,827 29,703 5.0 3.9 4.5 3.1

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,594,922 9,663,959 9,626,570 9,688,007 516,107 431,189 453,168 391,974 5.4 4.5 4.7 4.0

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,128,094 4,170,666 4,119,649 4,166,255 295,788 232,810 259,152 216,039 7.2 5.6 6.3 5.2

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,134,373 5,165,033 5,174,042 5,228,216 190,375 185,528 178,514 185,569 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,158 412,475 412,560 416,211 11,259 10,873 11,317 10,495 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,723,384 5,771,089 5,741,491 5,779,498 269,052 241,805 244,329 231,123 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.0

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016,599 1,031,215 1,016,776 1,027,621 61,411 50,518 56,767 43,320 6.0 4.9 5.6 4.2

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,875,420 1,900,517 1,890,267 1,921,375 59,975 59,188 53,853 56,075 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.9

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,169,415 2,161,677 2,175,702 2,150,837 85,859 98,565 86,328 79,061 4.0 4.6 4.0 3.7

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,421,513 6,477,774 6,455,943 6,469,404 299,996 300,207 279,813 242,468 4.7 4.6 4.3 3.7

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570,069 566,969 569,429 564,168 23,327 22,142 18,401 20,267 4.1 3.9 3.2 3.6

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,375,243 2,411,001 2,381,230 2,428,552 90,864 89,322 75,952 81,942 3.8 3.7 3.2 3.4

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469,888 474,983 472,634 478,201 11,696 11,731 10,266 8,472 2.5 2.5 2.2 1.8

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,374,782 3,361,917 3,375,604 3,364,645 116,625 120,406 109,010 105,299 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.1

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,613,813 15,045,849 14,633,464 15,118,353 634,693 676,626 552,714 632,500 4.3 4.5 3.8 4.2

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,744 1,782,776 1,733,281 1,793,833 43,309 46,175 40,520 43,602 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.4

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338,329 345,362 341,322 346,076 9,055 9,602 8,496 8,203 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.4

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,387,721 4,520,085 4,425,797 4,580,802 118,297 131,645 118,305 129,821 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.8

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,967,866 4,088,845 3,978,514 4,089,386 177,269 201,192 165,858 171,803 4.5 4.9 4.2 4.2

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,766,616 1,802,474 1,761,857 1,817,068 50,182 44,261 46,500 49,357 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782,675 775,152 779,081 775,712 37,215 28,569 32,730 27,710 4.8 3.7 4.2 3.6

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,081,787 3,068,148 3,087,081 3,075,630 101,659 84,726 96,738 75,789 3.3 2.8 3.1 2.5

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286,831 296,422 289,284 299,173 11,156 11,758 10,803 12,244 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.1

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,216,754 1,206,059 1,209,927 1,192,916 73,325 71,524 70,142 69,481 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.8

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total1 Construction Manufacturing

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,095.6 2,136.9 2,138.9 2,141.9 98.4 101.0 101.1 101.2 271.2 279.1 278.5 277.4

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318.1 326.3 325.8 324.4 16.1 16.8 16.5 16.5 12.4 12.7 12.1 12.2

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,076.4 3,142.1 3,145.6 3,145.0 190.6 193.3 195.8 196.5 189.4 195.4 195.5 197.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,320.8 1,353.2 1,352.8 1,353.2 56.7 59.9 60.1 60.5 161.2 164.5 164.2 164.2

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,535.7 17,937.3 17,959.1 17,967.8 911.9 913.5 912.8 904.6 1,324.8 1,346.9 1,345.5 1,345.6

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,846.4 2,881.5 2,884.5 2,879.8 181.3 179.8 179.7 179.5 152.7 154.1 154.8 154.7

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,665.9 1,681.9 1,687.0 1,688.1 61.7 61.6 61.7 59.9 156.1 158.4 158.7 158.5

Delaware2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469.2 478.9 480.8 483.4 23.4 24.1 24.3 24.8 25.9 26.7 27.1 27.1

District of Columbia2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760.9 769.6 771.5 774.2 15.5 15.1 15.1 15.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,278.6 9,643.1 9,678.0 9,691.6 592.0 610.2 609.4 607.1 404.1 421.2 418.0 417.0

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,752.0 4,872.6 4,877.8 4,885.4 211.7 221.4 221.7 219.8 412.4 418.9 417.6 417.6

Hawaii2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609.6 629.5 632.6 632.5 37.1 39.9 38.5 38.2 12.5 12.7 12.8 12.9

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822.1 844.0 845.2 846.6 64.8 70.2 68.8 68.4 73.0 72.7 72.2 72.3

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,988.8 6,103.9 6,112.0 6,119.9 228.4 233.2 232.1 232.6 565.0 570.7 570.0 568.6

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,169.7 3,235.7 3,240.7 3,245.3 155.0 167.4 166.3 165.8 539.1 543.5 540.6 541.0

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,566.9 1,590.0 1,590.0 1,592.9 80.9 85.9 84.8 84.7 222.2 225.7 225.4 226.1

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,405.5 1,449.5 1,444.8 1,442.6 63.8 69.0 68.1 67.6 167.0 172.8 172.2 172.1

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,951.8 1,985.7 1,992.2 2,001.6 82.2 83.7 84.0 86.6 247.4 256.1 255.9 257.7

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,909.7 1,943.6 1,945.5 1,949.9 128.3 132.3 131.8 132.9 132.6 136.3 136.5 137.0

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636.2 646.7 646.3 645.7 32.8 33.0 33.0 33.1 54.3 54.9 54.5 54.0

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,697.4 2,729.2 2,728.5 2,733.3 161.1 162.1 161.5 161.7 109.9 110.9 110.8 109.7

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,654.3 3,732.8 3,742.0 3,758.3 169.3 171.8 172.9 174.8 238.1 237.9 238.2 238.8

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,341.2 4,401.8 4,414.4 4,416.3 182.3 188.6 189.5 189.8 603.5 606.9 609.0 607.7

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,910.6 2,972.9 2,981.6 2,975.9 130.8 133.1 134.9 133.0 321.6 327.4 328.3 327.0

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161.0 1,177.2 1,177.8 1,176.0 46.5 46.9 47.7 47.6 148.4 149.6 147.7 147.4

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,907.2 2,960.2 2,967.0 2,969.3 137.9 138.4 138.8 139.2 279.0 287.1 291.1 291.4

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507.0 517.8 517.5 517.2 35.8 38.7 38.8 38.5 22.1 23.2 23.0 22.7

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,022.0 1,041.2 1,043.2 1,045.0 57.5 62.8 62.1 61.8 102.3 104.9 105.5 105.9

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,468.2 1,530.7 1,538.6 1,541.2 104.2 113.2 114.1 112.7 65.2 67.2 67.5 67.7

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.0 700.9 699.2 700.5 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.7 70.2 71.4 71.7 71.5

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,225.6 4,316.8 4,313.7 4,311.1 163.7 166.2 166.1 166.0 248.3 253.8 253.7 253.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842.2 861.4 862.8 866.1 48.9 50.2 50.6 50.4 28.7 29.5 29.5 29.4

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,439.1 9,660.3 9,689.0 9,707.1 385.4 403.8 404.5 403.6 421.8 425.8 425.5 425.2

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,758.7 4,875.7 4,884.6 4,891.6 244.9 253.8 253.7 253.5 472.4 477.0 478.2 478.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425.5 432.4 433.7 434.6 26.5 26.2 26.5 26.5 27.0 27.6 27.6 27.5

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,506.9 5,574.6 5,579.1 5,589.7 233.3 239.6 240.4 238.6 679.3 685.3 686.1 690.3

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,685.0 1,728.2 1,727.7 1,726.4 79.2 82.9 82.8 83.0 131.6 135.4 135.3 135.1

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,935.2 1,989.7 1,987.0 1,989.4 114.7 121.3 122.4 122.8 191.4 196.9 195.4 195.5

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,949.9 6,088.8 6,096.4 6,108.9 261.9 265.5 264.9 264.5 560.1 566.2 565.6 567.4

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.9 499.1 501.3 500.6 21.0 23.1 23.5 23.5 40.0 40.4 40.1 39.9

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,222.9 2,276.0 2,279.3 2,283.5 107.8 109.9 109.2 109.3 260.3 261.9 262.0 262.9

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450.4 458.5 460.3 460.1 25.9 25.0 25.2 25.6 45.0 45.9 45.9 46.1

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,214.0 3,305.7 3,309.2 3,310.9 144.5 154.9 152.5 151.1 360.8 367.7 367.4 368.9

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,264.1 13,773.7 13,810.6 13,839.2 767.5 799.5 802.9 808.7 911.7 953.4 947.0 948.4

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,664.8 1,701.3 1,711.2 1,711.3 128.9 137.5 137.5 136.3 150.9 152.2 152.8 153.2

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.5 306.6 307.7 307.5 15.7 15.8 15.9 16.0 29.1 29.2 29.1 28.9

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,038.5 4,128.0 4,133.1 4,138.4 208.3 215.8 214.5 213.1 243.7 245.6 245.1 244.8

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,503.4 3,598.2 3,613.6 3,615.1 229.9 237.4 236.5 232.9 266.0 273.1 275.1 275.2

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697.9 698.0 699.1 699.9 33.3 31.7 31.0 30.8 45.9 46.1 45.7 45.7

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,956.5 2,989.9 2,997.0 2,997.9 130.7 134.2 133.8 132.1 478.9 484.9 485.6 485.1

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.4 288.2 288.7 289.2 21.3 21.6 21.7 21.8 10.1 10.6 10.8 10.6

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918.4 941.2 942.6 943.7 32.0 33.8 34.3 34.8 81.7 83.4 83.5 83.3

Virgin Islands3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 35.0 35.1 35.3 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 – – – –

1

Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately.

2 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

3 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Trade, transportation, and utilities Financial activities Professional and business services

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.2 406.3 406.3 407.4 100.8 101.9 102.2 102.9 258.4 266.1 266.8 267.3

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 66.2 65.7 65.3 11.0 11.3 11.3 11.2 26.8 29.1 28.6 28.4

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.4 601.6 602.5 602.7 249.2 253.0 253.0 251.4 463.2 480.7 476.4 475.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.7 276.0 276.5 276.0 70.1 70.3 70.1 69.9 151.2 152.6 152.7 152.3

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,138.2 3,135.8 3,138.5 3,141.7 844.6 846.1 849.3 845.6 2,844.4 2,912.6 2,909.1 2,903.5

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.3 499.4 498.3 496.3 181.6 177.5 177.1 175.2 477.5 491.7 492.6 490.4

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.2 296.7 296.9 297.0 118.7 115.8 115.2 115.0 223.2 223.5 225.1 227.3

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.7 90.7 90.5 91.1 47.9 50.0 50.1 50.7 65.2 66.8 67.3 67.3

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 30.7 30.6 30.4 27.4 27.6 27.8 28.4 172.5 174.6 174.0 175.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,909.2 1,957.8 1,972.0 1,978.7 655.0 676.5 677.2 676.5 1,552.3 1,611.0 1,609.4 1,606.2

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025.8 1,020.9 1,024.5 1,026.2 269.1 279.1 279.4 278.9 770.6 779.6 775.4 773.9

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.2 116.4 116.2 116.4 27.6 27.7 27.6 27.6 71.0 71.5 71.9 72.1

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.6 162.0 162.3 162.1 41.2 41.6 41.6 41.6 106.7 110.9 110.5 111.1

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,214.6 1,223.0 1,224.4 1,223.9 401.7 402.9 402.7 404.2 970.9 973.6 969.5 972.5

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629.6 637.8 637.4 638.2 146.4 150.3 150.6 149.7 365.4 367.2 371.8 376.2

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.7 312.4 312.5 311.4 108.8 108.3 108.4 109.0 145.9 145.0 145.6 146.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.7 273.7 274.2 274.2 75.2 76.4 76.4 75.9 178.9 187.9 186.7 185.8

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425.5 432.0 431.7 433.1 96.7 95.5 95.4 94.7 226.7 228.9 230.2 229.2

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.7 371.4 371.0 370.7 88.2 92.3 92.2 92.8 220.8 220.0 219.8 220.4

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.9 120.6 121.0 120.9 33.5 34.3 34.4 34.4 75.4 76.3 76.8 76.9

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479.3 477.4 475.6 476.1 134.2 136.1 135.7 136.2 472.6 465.5 468.5 469.2

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565.8 571.4 572.1 572.1 225.0 232.1 232.0 232.2 630.3 649.9 652.3 653.5

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.4 807.1 810.4 810.8 233.7 228.2 228.8 227.9 656.4 660.9 659.4 660.7

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525.7 532.0 532.5 530.2 190.9 191.4 191.3 191.3 383.7 390.0 391.2 390.0

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.4 246.3 246.7 245.4 43.8 44.0 44.4 44.6 118.3 118.0 117.0 116.7

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558.4 557.2 558.9 557.5 183.8 188.5 188.8 188.2 379.6 386.5 387.1 389.6

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.3 100.1 100.2 100.5 28.2 29.1 29.1 28.8 49.2 51.0 50.9 51.0

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.9 197.6 197.9 197.8 71.4 70.4 70.2 70.2 121.3 121.8 122.1 122.3

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.3 292.6 294.6 295.2 75.2 76.0 75.4 75.4 207.8 217.2 218.6 219.2

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.2 139.8 140.1 140.1 34.4 34.3 34.1 34.3 94.7 100.5 100.5 101.2

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913.7 921.5 919.8 920.2 258.2 259.5 259.4 259.1 725.3 724.8 722.6 719.1

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.7 142.7 141.9 142.1 34.9 34.3 34.1 34.5 114.4 118.9 119.5 120.1

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,485.4 1,475.0 1,474.6 1,474.1 718.5 738.5 737.7 737.3 1,345.2 1,384.5 1,388.2 1,390.0

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920.8 923.3 923.2 924.0 288.5 296.7 296.7 296.0 724.7 747.0 748.6 749.4

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.5 91.4 91.9 92.3 24.4 24.3 24.2 24.4 34.6 35.4 35.4 34.9

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,059.2 1,052.3 1,053.6 1,053.4 316.8 320.5 321.6 321.7 742.1 740.5 738.2 740.1

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.1 325.8 325.8 323.9 80.4 81.0 81.1 81.5 200.5 206.2 205.9 205.1

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.3 369.8 368.6 367.3 105.6 107.7 106.3 106.2 262.9 270.5 270.6 271.8

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,141.0 1,160.1 1,159.0 1,157.8 332.8 338.4 339.7 340.8 839.5 854.4 858.1 859.0

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.7 78.0 78.3 77.1 34.4 35.4 35.4 35.3 69.4 68.7 69.2 69.7

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431.6 438.0 438.7 439.9 115.3 118.5 118.3 119.0 305.4 310.7 310.7 309.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.7 90.9 92.2 91.9 28.0 27.8 27.8 27.8 36.5 37.0 37.0 36.6

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675.8 688.0 686.5 685.0 173.5 174.4 174.2 173.7 462.0 472.2 473.3 472.7

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,689.4 2,752.2 2,758.1 2,763.5 866.3 905.1 904.4 901.8 2,034.5 2,109.0 2,121.3 2,116.5

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.8 315.9 316.6 316.5 98.3 96.2 96.4 95.9 244.3 252.1 251.4 251.2

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 52.8 52.8 52.6 12.0 12.3 12.2 12.3 31.8 32.7 33.4 33.3

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664.5 667.9 667.9 666.0 215.1 214.4 214.2 213.4 797.6 814.3 812.4 815.9

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612.4 619.0 618.5 619.8 165.7 165.8 166.2 166.2 541.4 559.0 562.2 559.9

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.8 122.4 122.9 123.3 25.3 25.3 25.1 25.5 71.8 70.8 71.1 71.4

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550.3 551.6 554.5 555.7 158.1 160.4 160.4 159.7 329.7 325.6 324.7 324.8

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 11.5 11.6 11.8 11.6 20.3 20.8 20.8 20.9

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.7 186.8 185.4 185.0 46.9 47.1 46.7 46.8 139.1 141.0 142.1 142.0

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.9 – – – – – – – –

1 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular

components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Government

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.5 252.1 253.1 253.5 196.4 202.0 201.8 201.4 389.2 395.7 396.0 397.9

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 50.6 50.8 50.3 34.0 35.5 35.7 35.5 77.7 77.3 78.3 78.3

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.8 498.5 500.1 497.9 332.0 343.9 344.3 344.7 409.6 415.2 417.5 418.8

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.5 203.8 203.1 203.3 120.7 126.5 126.5 126.6 207.1 208.5 208.7 208.8

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,890.5 3,020.6 3,029.1 3,036.1 1,882.9 2,007.7 2,015.3 2,020.2 2,518.6 2,560.4 2,565.4 2,572.3

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349.7 354.6 355.2 354.3 334.2 350.0 350.3 349.9 446.3 452.0 453.5 455.0

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340.1 349.6 351.9 352.0 147.1 153.1 154.2 154.0 226.4 229.1 229.4 230.0

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.9 79.3 79.3 79.6 50.0 51.2 51.6 52.0 66.8 67.7 68.5 68.6

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.7 122.5 123.7 123.7 64.3 74.3 75.5 76.7 241.1 234.2 234.6 234.2

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370.8 1,445.3 1,455.6 1,462.4 1,214.2 1,302.7 1,313.1 1,318.3 1,086.2 1,103.1 1,108.7 1,110.2

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617.7 648.1 650.3 653.4 474.5 510.4 511.9 515.7 672.0 684.0 686.3 688.4

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.2 87.5 87.7 86.2 108.0 119.5 120.0 120.3 119.0 118.4 122.0 122.8

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.2 124.2 124.9 125.0 88.8 91.8 92.1 92.5 125.3 129.5 131.1 131.8

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920.9 955.2 957.2 957.5 554.5 589.4 594.7 597.7 787.6 804.1 809.2 810.8

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469.0 483.1 483.4 482.4 299.6 313.9 315.6 316.3 409.4 411.5 413.5 414.8

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.4 234.7 234.2 235.7 136.3 141.1 141.2 141.4 255.6 259.1 260.3 260.6

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.1 204.6 204.9 204.3 126.4 134.1 133.8 134.0 250.3 256.3 253.5 254.2

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.7 293.3 294.4 297.1 195.1 198.5 198.4 200.0 298.1 299.5 304.0 304.7

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320.8 332.0 334.5 335.3 210.8 219.4 220.2 220.7 309.9 314.6 314.4 314.0

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.0 127.5 127.7 128.2 65.5 67.3 66.7 66.3 98.9 100.6 100.2 100.0

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440.4 456.3 455.7 457.3 249.8 257.4 256.1 257.6 507.3 519.6 519.7 520.2

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.7 821.9 825.6 830.9 345.2 355.6 356.0 361.9 446.6 457.5 457.2 457.8

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656.5 674.2 673.5 675.4 397.4 411.3 414.9 415.5 581.2 599.1 602.6 603.0

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543.9 558.6 558.6 559.2 250.5 268.1 269.9 270.6 406.1 413.7 414.5 414.9

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.2 148.6 149.0 148.9 131.4 134.4 135.9 136.3 232.4 233.3 233.6 233.7

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.6 495.3 495.4 493.8 294.0 307.6 308.3 311.1 424.7 427.6 428.2 428.4

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.2 82.6 82.4 82.6 70.1 71.5 71.8 71.5 90.4 90.0 89.6 89.9

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.4 158.8 158.9 159.4 91.3 94.9 96.5 97.0 170.2 170.5 171.8 172.3

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.9 161.9 165.2 167.2 330.7 353.9 355.2 356.2 163.3 171.2 171.1 170.9

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.6 126.8 125.0 124.9 70.4 72.8 73.3 74.1 86.5 88.1 86.5 86.3

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721.0 764.3 766.5 766.6 372.1 393.0 393.2 395.3 583.7 586.2 586.3 586.3

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.8 143.7 144.7 145.7 93.5 97.0 97.0 97.3 178.7 182.7 183.1 184.3

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,115.7 2,190.1 2,202.1 2,212.5 847.0 910.5 915.1 922.9 1,440.1 1,447.8 1,448.4 1,447.4

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644.8 666.6 669.6 672.5 492.7 525.9 527.2 529.6 718.7 720.7 723.2 723.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 67.7 67.7 67.9 38.8 39.8 40.2 39.9 81.6 82.0 81.9 81.8

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896.2 917.3 920.0 924.2 535.6 556.0 557.0 558.3 761.8 771.0 768.9 770.0

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238.7 247.7 247.1 246.9 170.2 182.6 182.7 182.1 348.9 350.6 351.6 352.3

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.6 309.2 310.0 311.6 195.9 205.7 204.9 204.7 291.3 301.4 302.1 302.4

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,246.9 1,295.6 1,295.4 1,298.9 529.4 551.6 556.5 561.0 676.9 682.6 683.3 684.8

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.3 104.8 104.8 104.6 57.1 57.5 57.8 57.7 63.1 63.2 64.0 65.0

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.8 275.4 275.0 275.4 262.5 271.3 273.3 274.7 365.6 371.8 373.7 374.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.6 76.8 76.7 76.5 48.3 50.6 50.4 50.2 79.6 80.4 81.0 81.0

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445.7 460.3 461.3 462.4 337.3 357.5 360.2 362.6 432.1 441.4 444.2 444.8

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,775.8 1,853.1 1,864.1 1,869.5 1,382.7 1,460.7 1,464.7 1,472.1 1,978.8 2,023.5 2,030.3 2,036.0

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.7 228.3 230.2 231.4 159.4 161.4 166.3 167.1 251.5 257.5 257.9 258.3

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 62.1 62.2 62.2 32.6 32.1 32.5 32.8 53.2 54.3 54.4 54.2

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.6 570.4 572.3 574.5 384.9 407.9 407.9 409.0 713.3 719.6 726.3 728.2

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510.8 525.4 532.7 534.1 322.3 340.8 341.9 343.7 562.8 575.8 578.6 579.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.3 129.7 130.5 130.2 70.4 70.3 70.1 70.1 149.0 148.8 149.2 149.3

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.1 465.3 466.1 466.8 265.9 270.8 272.2 272.8 393.8 399.2 402.0 402.7

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.6 29.4 29.7 30.0 37.6 38.3 37.9 38.0 67.0 67.7 67.8 68.1

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.1 124.0 124.2 124.4 84.7 90.6 91.4 92.2 194.2 198.4 198.8 199.1

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 6.3 6.0 6.1 6.1 10.9 10.8 10.8 10.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total Mining and logging Construction

February March February March February March

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,089.6 2,133.9 2,090.1 2,137.3 9.0 8.6 9.0 8.4 97.1 100.2 99.0 100.8

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.6 316.3 308.1 316.2 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.3 13.6 14.4 13.9 14.5

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,082.8 3,155.2 3,082.8 3,145.4 12.5 13.7 12.5 13.7 188.4 194.5 190.2 196.0

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,315.1 1,346.2 1,319.6 1,350.9 5.2 4.9 5.2 5.0 55.2 58.4 55.8 59.4

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,419.2 17,867.8 17,495.0 17,905.1 19.1 19.8 19.0 19.7 896.5 900.0 903.6 888.4

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,817.0 2,865.7 2,827.7 2,865.4 20.1 21.3 20.2 21.4 175.5 173.5 176.3 174.4

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,636.3 1,665.5 1,646.4 1,670.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 55.4 55.9 57.5 55.5

Delaware1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460.3 472.0 463.8 477.3 – – – – 22.8 23.3 23.1 24.1

District of Columbia1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754.3 765.4 758.8 769.7 – – – – 15.2 14.7 15.4 15.2

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,297.5 9,695.6 9,314.9 9,710.2 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.8 590.6 608.5 592.4 605.5

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,726.9 4,868.2 4,738.6 4,878.1 9.6 9.8 9.6 9.8 209.3 219.8 210.5 219.1

Hawaii1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609.5 633.8 612.0 633.4 – – – – 36.5 38.5 37.0 38.1

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811.3 835.9 816.1 839.4 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.0 61.7 66.2 63.1 65.8

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,881.5 6,023.7 5,929.6 6,046.9 6.5 6.9 6.6 6.9 201.3 204.9 211.6 213.1

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,128.9 3,211.6 3,150.6 3,228.1 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.8 143.7 156.8 147.3 161.1

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,546.8 1,569.3 1,552.2 1,575.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.2 69.7 72.7 72.1 74.9

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,395.8 1,436.9 1,397.1 1,436.7 6.0 6.4 6.0 6.4 61.1 65.2 61.7 65.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,929.3 1,977.1 1,943.2 1,990.4 7.8 8.5 7.8 8.7 77.5 79.7 79.5 82.8

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,907.4 1,939.5 1,905.4 1,949.0 30.2 31.7 30.4 32.6 127.6 131.2 128.2 133.1

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617.5 627.2 620.5 627.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 30.4 30.1 30.6 30.2

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,672.9 2,692.4 2,672.7 2,714.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 157.4 157.6 158.6 159.0

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,579.1 3,676.7 3,597.1 3,705.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 157.2 160.7 159.4 165.2

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,273.1 4,364.4 4,298.2 4,373.2 6.4 7.0 6.6 7.0 163.5 174.8 168.0 176.4

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,866.7 2,932.7 2,859.9 2,924.0 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.2 113.0 117.7 114.5 116.1

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,158.2 1,173.5 1,157.4 1,171.2 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.1 46.9 47.3 46.4 47.6

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,872.9 2,940.6 2,888.6 2,955.9 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 130.5 132.1 133.6 135.2

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.5 507.5 499.1 509.4 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.7 32.0 34.8 33.0 35.0

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,008.9 1,031.6 1,013.0 1,038.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 53.1 57.9 54.4 59.2

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,452.2 1,529.0 1,461.8 1,533.7 14.9 15.1 15.0 15.2 100.7 112.4 103.2 111.7

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674.8 692.5 677.1 693.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 27.9 28.5 28.3 28.9

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,145.6 4,235.3 4,177.1 4,246.9 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 153.6 156.1 157.3 158.1

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837.5 860.2 840.1 865.4 20.0 23.0 20.3 22.9 47.8 50.2 48.4 50.5

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,306.5 9,568.4 9,365.3 9,622.0 4.8 5.2 5.0 5.2 358.6 382.7 366.2 386.2

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,713.1 4,857.5 4,741.9 4,886.6 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.5 241.6 250.6 244.3 251.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416.6 427.8 419.7 429.7 14.5 17.5 14.9 18.3 21.6 22.8 22.5 23.3

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,425.1 5,508.3 5,450.1 5,539.0 8.5 9.0 8.8 9.1 211.3 220.7 219.5 223.4

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,674.0 1,717.5 1,679.9 1,722.9 29.5 30.7 29.8 31.8 78.0 81.3 78.9 82.3

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,917.1 1,970.2 1,928.6 1,979.5 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.3 111.6 117.8 112.6 119.2

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,867.2 6,032.5 5,915.7 6,065.5 21.4 22.8 21.6 22.7 239.1 246.9 247.5 250.9

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.9 489.5 485.0 490.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 19.0 21.5 19.4 21.8

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,207.6 2,264.8 2,211.5 2,276.0 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.5 106.2 109.4 106.9 109.4

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439.6 450.6 442.9 451.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 22.5 21.5 23.0 22.5

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,190.4 3,292.4 3,204.5 3,298.6 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 140.4 149.8 143.1 149.6

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,171.9 13,753.9 13,219.6 13,789.3 192.0 211.3 192.9 212.7 760.6 793.0 766.1 800.9

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,655.0 1,701.9 1,661.3 1,705.4 9.4 10.0 9.5 10.2 124.7 132.0 126.9 132.8

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.3 307.0 302.6 306.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 13.7 13.9 14.0 14.0

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,002.9 4,103.4 4,014.5 4,115.4 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.1 203.3 210.0 205.4 210.0

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,454.0 3,581.1 3,478.7 3,592.7 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.7 222.8 231.0 225.8 230.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686.2 689.3 691.3 694.5 19.2 20.7 19.3 21.0 29.4 28.0 30.4 28.7

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,905.3 2,951.2 2,917.5 2,960.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 117.8 121.4 119.9 121.1

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276.0 282.7 277.4 284.1 15.6 16.3 15.8 16.3 18.9 19.5 19.3 20.2

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.6 942.8 922.4 946.1 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 31.0 34.2 32.3 35.2

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 35.2 34.9 35.4 – – – – 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1

1 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Manufacturing Trade, transportation, and utilities Information

February March February March February March

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270.2 278.4 271.0 276.8 406.8 406.1 404.3 406.0 22.0 22.9 22.4 22.4

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 11.4 11.4 11.7 60.3 63.0 60.6 62.4 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.8 194.6 188.9 196.4 606.4 602.6 603.8 600.5 50.8 50.6 50.9 50.2

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.8 164.0 161.0 163.9 267.0 274.4 267.0 274.8 12.5 12.8 12.5 12.7

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313.7 1,330.9 1,320.9 1,336.7 3,118.9 3,119.1 3,108.9 3,111.7 611.7 592.6 607.5 600.4

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.0 154.5 152.3 154.4 499.3 498.1 497.8 493.3 78.5 76.7 78.9 77.3

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.4 158.2 155.4 157.8 295.8 295.6 295.3 294.4 31.2 31.0 30.9 31.0

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 26.9 25.8 27.0 86.8 89.7 87.1 89.9 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 30.2 30.5 30.1 30.3 20.5 20.9 20.7 20.9

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.2 417.4 404.9 417.5 1,912.8 1,968.0 1,902.6 1,973.8 151.7 153.2 153.2 152.2

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.5 418.5 413.5 417.1 1,018.1 1,025.2 1,019.3 1,025.9 128.8 130.3 130.8 129.8

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 12.7 12.4 12.8 113.0 116.0 113.6 115.8 8.7 8.9 8.9 8.9

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.6 71.5 72.8 71.7 160.5 160.9 160.7 160.5 8.8 9.2 8.8 9.5

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563.7 568.2 566.6 567.8 1,198.9 1,212.1 1,200.3 1,210.2 93.7 91.7 93.9 91.1

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537.7 539.0 539.5 539.9 621.2 630.1 623.3 630.9 26.5 25.7 26.6 25.6

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.7 224.5 221.2 224.9 311.8 310.7 311.0 308.2 19.0 18.9 19.0 19.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.7 171.6 166.8 171.8 271.0 272.2 269.8 271.9 18.1 18.1 18.2 18.0

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.1 256.6 248.1 257.6 422.0 428.5 423.2 429.7 20.9 21.8 21.0 21.8

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.4 135.6 132.2 136.6 373.9 368.1 372.6 369.2 22.2 23.6 23.0 22.8

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.4 53.7 53.7 53.2 116.1 118.0 116.2 117.7 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.8

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.2 109.8 108.9 109.0 475.2 468.0 472.6 470.6 35.4 34.6 35.4 34.9

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.2 236.1 237.2 236.9 554.3 566.0 554.7 565.1 94.8 96.6 94.5 96.3

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.5 605.4 602.9 603.5 794.7 800.6 794.8 802.2 54.8 57.4 55.1 56.9

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317.3 323.9 318.3 322.5 517.8 524.5 515.6 524.1 44.6 45.8 44.6 46.1

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.8 148.2 148.2 147.0 241.1 245.7 240.2 243.5 9.9 10.3 10.0 10.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277.8 290.9 279.0 291.8 554.4 557.2 554.3 555.2 47.6 47.9 47.9 47.7

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 22.9 21.8 22.5 98.3 99.3 98.3 99.3 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.0 105.3 102.5 105.8 194.9 196.1 194.9 196.8 17.9 18.1 17.9 18.2

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 67.3 65.2 67.4 291.6 292.4 289.2 292.8 16.7 18.8 17.3 18.8

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.5 71.2 70.0 71.0 136.5 138.7 137.1 138.9 11.9 11.7 11.9 11.6

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.6 252.3 248.0 252.5 900.9 907.4 901.7 906.9 73.2 75.8 73.8 75.9

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 29.2 28.3 29.1 143.2 141.2 142.3 141.0 10.3 10.8 10.6 10.6

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.0 420.6 420.4 423.5 1,461.1 1,456.2 1,461.9 1,454.6 290.3 290.8 292.6 293.0

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470.5 477.0 472.3 476.5 914.2 914.5 912.6 918.7 78.8 85.1 79.2 84.6

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 27.2 26.7 27.3 89.4 91.1 89.8 91.1 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.6

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676.7 684.5 679.2 691.5 1,048.0 1,045.2 1,049.7 1,042.2 68.4 67.9 68.6 68.3

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.3 135.2 131.9 134.8 320.0 323.5 318.7 322.1 17.3 17.6 17.4 17.6

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189.5 192.5 189.9 192.4 364.1 365.0 364.4 362.8 36.3 36.5 36.6 36.7

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.4 563.9 560.0 565.8 1,132.5 1,151.9 1,133.2 1,149.2 90.6 95.1 91.1 95.8

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.8 40.0 40.0 39.7 75.6 77.5 75.5 76.2 5.4 5.9 5.5 5.8

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.4 261.4 260.6 262.6 429.9 435.1 428.7 437.5 29.1 31.3 29.0 31.8

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.7 45.7 44.9 46.0 87.2 91.2 87.5 90.8 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.0 368.2 360.9 369.9 674.6 685.5 673.1 681.5 51.9 56.3 52.8 56.3

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.1 945.0 910.4 946.5 2,665.4 2,747.5 2,665.1 2,748.6 221.0 237.9 223.3 236.7

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.3 152.0 150.6 152.5 309.3 314.3 308.7 313.7 43.4 45.5 44.2 44.9

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 28.9 28.8 28.5 51.2 52.6 51.3 52.0 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.5

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.1 244.2 243.1 243.8 657.7 661.5 657.8 657.2 68.7 70.0 68.9 70.8

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.5 273.3 264.4 273.0 604.8 611.4 605.1 612.5 164.7 169.0 165.7 170.1

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.5 45.1 45.8 45.4 122.0 121.1 121.9 122.1 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.7

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.8 483.0 476.3 482.9 541.5 545.4 542.0 547.3 45.3 45.2 45.4 45.0

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 10.6 9.9 10.5 51.3 51.8 51.3 51.7 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.0 83.7 82.4 83.5 181.6 185.1 183.0 184.9 16.5 16.5 16.8 16.4

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 6.5 6.9 6.5 7.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services

February March February March February March

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.5 101.3 100.3 102.1 259.6 267.0 257.7 267.7 244.9 253.3 243.7 252.6

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 11.0 10.9 11.1 26.2 28.0 26.3 27.4 50.0 51.0 50.2 50.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249.3 253.5 249.2 250.1 465.2 475.2 462.3 471.1 478.1 504.1 476.6 499.8

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 69.2 69.7 69.1 150.8 152.5 151.0 152.2 196.7 203.5 197.1 203.9

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843.3 848.4 840.0 842.6 2,827.4 2,891.9 2,829.8 2,887.3 2,883.1 3,039.0 2,899.1 3,046.7

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180.8 176.3 181.0 173.8 468.9 487.3 470.1 484.8 350.0 355.7 350.4 354.6

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.9 114.8 118.2 114.8 215.8 218.7 218.6 223.5 340.0 353.7 340.8 352.5

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.8 50.0 47.7 50.6 64.1 65.7 64.5 66.8 78.9 79.1 79.1 79.4

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 27.6 27.4 28.3 171.3 173.2 171.8 174.0 122.7 124.8 123.2 124.8

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651.5 673.4 653.4 674.0 1,549.0 1,610.6 1,551.8 1,606.8 1,374.9 1,462.4 1,371.8 1,465.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.0 279.8 268.1 278.7 768.1 772.6 765.8 769.7 617.4 653.0 618.5 656.2

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 27.5 27.6 27.4 70.9 71.9 70.9 72.4 86.8 88.3 86.7 86.5

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.8 41.4 41.0 41.5 103.9 108.0 105.2 109.4 120.4 125.9 121.0 126.1

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.9 400.6 398.7 402.5 949.4 950.6 955.7 949.7 920.9 963.5 925.7 963.1

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.3 149.4 145.0 148.8 358.7 364.8 360.5 369.3 468.5 485.0 469.9 483.9

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.2 107.9 108.2 108.3 142.6 142.4 143.7 142.9 230.7 237.1 230.2 238.7

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 76.2 74.6 75.3 177.1 183.7 176.3 183.4 197.1 205.5 196.7 204.6

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.9 95.0 96.1 94.3 223.8 229.8 224.1 227.6 284.4 294.9 285.5 297.6

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.9 92.2 87.7 92.6 221.0 217.2 220.4 220.2 320.9 334.5 319.5 334.7

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 34.1 33.1 34.0 73.5 74.8 73.7 75.2 125.2 128.1 125.9 129.2

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.8 134.1 133.3 134.6 470.0 461.2 467.1 464.0 443.2 456.7 441.6 460.0

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223.3 230.9 223.4 230.7 616.3 637.6 617.7 640.4 809.0 831.1 811.1 839.2

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.8 226.5 232.0 225.7 652.6 655.0 650.7 656.8 657.2 674.3 656.9 676.6

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.3 190.4 189.3 190.2 378.9 382.0 375.7 379.1 547.7 559.2 544.6 559.2

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.7 44.1 43.7 44.4 118.8 115.1 117.7 115.8 141.5 149.9 142.0 149.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.4 187.9 182.5 187.4 374.3 383.2 376.8 388.3 486.7 499.4 483.9 495.3

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 28.9 27.9 28.6 47.8 49.0 48.0 49.6 80.6 83.1 80.7 83.2

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 69.6 71.0 69.8 119.0 120.2 119.9 120.7 155.9 159.4 155.6 160.0

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.9 74.9 75.0 75.1 205.2 216.2 205.3 216.7 154.3 166.2 154.8 167.8

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 33.9 34.2 34.1 92.2 99.8 93.0 100.2 123.9 127.0 123.6 125.4

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.1 258.6 256.5 257.8 708.5 701.8 714.3 702.8 722.0 766.8 726.0 769.8

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 33.8 34.7 34.1 113.8 118.5 113.6 119.2 140.3 145.6 140.1 146.4

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711.6 731.1 712.3 732.9 1,320.2 1,364.0 1,328.5 1,371.2 2,139.7 2,218.3 2,150.1 2,236.8

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284.8 294.1 285.6 293.9 719.7 746.0 721.4 747.2 643.5 670.1 645.0 675.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 24.1 24.3 24.3 33.5 34.5 33.9 34.2 66.1 67.7 66.5 68.0

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.6 320.0 314.1 319.7 730.1 720.4 728.9 724.2 895.4 924.4 895.8 930.0

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.8 80.8 79.8 81.2 197.3 202.4 198.7 203.1 237.8 247.4 237.9 246.0

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.5 105.8 104.8 105.2 259.9 268.4 261.9 270.6 303.3 311.6 305.0 314.1

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.7 337.6 331.0 338.7 822.9 846.1 831.7 847.8 1,254.0 1,302.9 1,260.0 1,312.7

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 35.0 34.2 34.9 67.8 66.6 67.6 66.8 104.6 105.9 105.9 105.9

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.2 118.1 114.3 118.5 305.2 313.0 302.4 308.8 261.9 275.5 260.5 275.3

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 27.7 27.8 27.6 35.6 36.5 36.0 35.9 74.5 76.8 74.8 77.0

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.4 173.0 172.5 172.6 456.4 467.6 457.1 467.8 446.6 462.5 447.5 463.6

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859.9 900.4 861.7 898.5 2,022.6 2,109.0 2,025.2 2,097.0 1,767.2 1,865.1 1,768.2 1,868.1

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.1 96.1 97.7 95.3 241.0 247.1 241.3 246.9 225.6 234.1 225.3 235.6

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 12.0 11.9 12.2 30.8 32.8 30.9 32.2 61.9 62.3 63.1 62.9

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.4 213.6 213.7 212.6 791.9 804.1 790.3 809.9 550.1 573.2 548.4 574.1

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.4 165.2 165.5 164.7 532.0 556.4 536.7 554.6 510.4 534.9 513.8 537.5

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 24.8 25.2 25.3 70.6 69.7 71.4 70.9 127.3 130.8 127.7 130.3

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.8 159.9 157.0 158.9 323.4 317.5 325.3 319.6 453.7 464.5 453.8 466.6

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 11.8 11.4 11.6 19.4 20.0 19.5 20.0 29.0 29.9 28.9 30.2

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.5 46.6 47.0 46.7 137.9 141.7 140.1 141.7 119.1 123.9 121.1 125.1

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Leisure and hospitality Other services Government

February March February March February March

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.7 197.8 194.1 199.5 97.6 101.5 98.1 102.1 389.2 396.8 390.5 398.9

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.1 31.6 30.0 32.3 10.6 11.0 10.7 11.2 78.3 79.6 78.8 79.9

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330.4 343.5 334.6 344.6 95.1 95.5 95.6 95.1 418.8 427.4 418.2 427.9

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.9 122.1 119.4 124.6 70.3 72.8 70.7 73.1 209.9 211.6 210.2 212.2

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,836.1 1,980.2 1,867.8 1,999.4 548.7 570.9 551.9 571.5 2,520.7 2,575.0 2,546.5 2,600.7

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325.4 345.6 330.0 348.4 120.3 122.7 120.8 124.9 446.2 454.0 449.9 458.1

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.5 142.5 138.0 144.0 59.4 60.9 59.9 61.7 230.5 233.7 231.4 234.3

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.8 46.3 46.5 47.6 18.4 18.2 18.4 18.3 67.2 69.2 67.9 70.0

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 71.5 62.0 74.4 66.6 67.8 66.7 67.8 240.2 233.4 240.4 233.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,214.8 1,314.4 1,236.2 1,328.0 338.3 355.0 337.7 352.3 1,105.2 1,126.9 1,105.4 1,128.5

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460.9 500.7 468.2 510.4 159.5 169.3 159.7 170.4 674.7 689.2 674.6 691.0

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.6 118.8 107.6 119.4 25.5 26.8 25.7 27.0 121.7 124.4 121.6 125.1

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.0 88.7 85.9 89.8 26.8 27.8 27.0 27.7 126.8 132.3 126.8 133.4

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.4 561.2 534.8 572.5 241.0 250.2 242.8 251.8 788.8 813.8 792.9 818.2

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288.1 303.0 293.6 308.7 122.2 128.9 122.9 128.8 411.7 423.2 416.5 425.3

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.0 133.6 130.8 135.4 55.1 55.7 55.3 56.1 258.1 263.6 258.7 264.4

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.7 129.0 123.2 130.5 49.2 50.8 49.3 50.1 253.7 258.2 254.5 258.8

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.0 188.8 190.7 194.2 64.5 66.8 65.2 67.6 300.4 306.7 302.0 308.5

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208.6 218.1 209.4 220.0 70.0 69.4 70.6 70.6 313.7 317.9 311.4 316.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 55.0 55.3 55.2 21.3 21.7 21.4 21.7 100.4 101.8 100.6 101.6

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.3 237.8 236.6 245.2 105.8 107.4 105.2 108.3 509.3 523.8 512.1 527.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307.1 320.6 315.5 332.0 128.6 134.3 130.0 135.2 451.5 461.9 452.7 463.2

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.4 389.9 379.1 394.6 159.0 159.1 160.2 158.6 589.2 614.4 591.9 614.9

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234.7 255.6 236.2 255.6 104.7 106.2 104.3 105.7 411.5 421.3 410.5 419.2

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.5 132.3 129.7 133.0 39.1 39.5 39.3 39.0 233.9 234.9 234.1 235.4

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.3 288.3 284.5 300.6 110.8 116.9 111.9 116.2 428.8 432.4 429.9 433.7

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 68.1 67.1 68.6 19.0 18.9 19.1 19.1 90.2 90.1 91.0 91.2

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.7 92.6 88.4 94.1 36.3 38.7 36.6 39.1 169.9 172.7 170.8 173.8

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.3 348.9 329.3 352.0 41.0 42.2 41.4 42.0 165.8 174.6 166.1 174.2

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.7 66.4 65.0 67.7 23.3 24.5 23.5 24.5 89.7 89.9 89.6 89.8

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334.4 355.8 344.9 364.9 159.5 164.9 161.1 163.1 590.2 594.1 591.9 593.4

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.3 94.9 92.2 96.8 27.7 28.0 27.9 28.2 181.1 185.0 181.7 186.6

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783.0 855.5 804.3 873.6 375.2 389.1 377.6 392.1 1,444.0 1,454.9 1,446.4 1,452.9

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466.9 509.1 477.7 515.9 164.4 172.6 164.9 174.6 723.2 733.1 733.4 743.3

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.6 39.2 37.8 39.2 14.6 14.5 14.6 15.0 82.6 83.6 82.9 83.4

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500.9 524.0 514.2 534.4 201.9 213.9 202.9 213.7 770.3 778.3 768.4 782.5

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.3 177.3 168.0 180.1 65.3 66.1 65.8 67.1 352.4 355.2 353.0 356.8

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.1 196.8 190.3 200.1 60.4 63.2 60.8 63.5 294.1 306.5 296.1 308.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491.9 521.8 507.1 534.5 243.2 250.6 245.5 252.0 685.5 692.9 687.0 695.4

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.6 50.9 52.0 51.4 20.6 21.4 20.7 21.4 64.1 64.6 64.0 65.9

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250.4 258.9 255.9 267.9 80.3 82.0 80.7 81.7 366.7 375.6 368.2 378.0

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 46.3 45.1 46.2 17.1 17.3 17.2 17.8 79.9 81.3 80.4 81.6

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.2 347.1 329.0 353.2 123.4 127.6 123.6 128.0 439.2 450.4 440.5 451.7

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,347.3 1,429.9 1,369.8 1,451.7 432.9 462.2 435.0 468.2 1,997.9 2,052.6 2,001.9 2,060.4

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.5 165.0 159.7 167.2 43.2 46.3 43.3 45.5 253.5 259.5 254.1 260.8

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 33.5 33.5 33.3 9.6 9.8 9.6 9.8 54.6 56.0 54.5 55.9

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.2 388.6 371.0 397.4 187.4 193.9 187.9 194.5 719.1 737.3 720.9 738.0

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.7 331.0 313.7 336.6 116.8 122.8 118.1 125.2 562.5 580.4 564.5 582.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 66.3 68.6 67.5 23.3 24.7 23.8 24.7 148.7 150.4 149.4 150.9

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.7 253.4 250.5 255.9 143.5 147.1 144.4 148.8 398.4 410.2 399.4 410.7

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 35.7 34.8 35.7 15.6 16.0 15.8 16.0 67.4 68.0 67.7 68.8

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.6 91.5 84.5 92.2 18.5 19.0 18.7 19.1 194.3 200.0 195.8 200.7

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
TEXAS

N.M.

CALIF.

NEV.

MONT.

ARIZ.

ORE.

S.D.

WYO.

KAN. MO.

N.D.

COLO.

NEB.

GA.

UTAH ILL.

MINN.

LA.

PA.

IDAHO

FLA.

N.Y.

KY.

WIS.

N.C.

VA.

OKLA.

ALA.

ARK.

IOWA

WASH.

IND.

MISS.

OHIO

S.C.

MICH.

TENN.

MAINE

W.VA.

VT.

MD.

N.H.

Map 1. Unemployment rates by state, seasonally adjusted, 

March 2023

(U.S. rate = 3.5 percent)

HAWAII

ALASKA

D.C.

!

MASS.

! CONN.

!

R.I.

!

DEL.

!

N.J.

4.0% or higher

3.5% to 3.9%

3.0% to 3.4%

2.5% to 2.9%

2.4% or lower
WASH.

ORE.

CALIF.

IDAHO

NEV.

ARIZ.

MONT.

WYO.

COLO.

N.M.

N.D.

S.D.

NEB.

KAN.

OKLA.

TEXAS

MINN.

IOWA

MO.

ARK.

LA.

WIS.

ILL.

MICH.

IND. OHIO

KY.

TENN.

MISS. ALA. GA.

S.C.

N.C.

VA.

W.VA.

PA.

N.Y.

MAINE

N.H.

VT.

MASS.

R.I.

N.J.

CONN.

DEL.

FLA.

MD. UTAH

ALASKA

HAWAII

D.C.

3.5% and above

2.5% to 3.4%

2.0% to 2.4%

1.0% to 1.9%

Below 1.0%

Map 2. Percentage change in nonfarm employment by state,

seasonally adjusted, March 2022 - March 2023