Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-18-0152

8:30 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, January 31, 2018

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – December 2017

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.6 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 

period ending in December 2017, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and 

salaries (which make up about 70 percent of compensation costs) increased 0.5 percent, and 

benefits (which make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation) increased 0.5 percent. (See 

chart 1 and tables A, 1, 2, and 3.) 

Civilian Workers 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.6 percent for the 12-month period ending in 

December 2017. In December 2016, compensation costs increased 2.2 percent. Wages and salaries 

increased 2.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2017 and increased 2.3 percent for 

the 12-month period ending in December 2016. Benefit costs increased 2.5 percent for the 12-month 

period ending in December 2017. In December 2016, the increase was 2.1 percent. (See chart 2 and 

tables A, 4, 8, and 12.) 

Private Industry Workers

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.6 percent over the year. In December

2016, the increase was 2.2 percent. Wages and salaries increased 2.8 percent for the current 12-

month period, a larger increase than the December 2016 increase of 2.3 percent. The cost of 

benefits rose 2.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2017, higher than the 1.8 

percent increase in December 2016. (See charts 3 and 4 and tables A, 5, 9, and 12.) 

Chart 2. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, civilian workers, wages and salaries and 

benefits

Chart 1. Three-month percent change, seasonally 

adjusted, civilian workers, compensation

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits
- 2 - 

Chart 5. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, state and local government, wages and salaries and 

benefits

Employer costs for health benefits increased 1.1 percent for the 12-month period ending in 

December 2017. (For further information, see chart 3 and www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.) 

Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-

month period ending in December 2017 ranged from 2.4 percent for management, professional, and 

related occupations to 3.1 percent for production, transportation, and material moving occupations. 

(See table 5.)

Among industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-

month period ending in December 2017 ranged from 2.0 percent for education and health services 

and financial activities to 3.6 percent for leisure and hospitality. (See table 5.)

State and Local Government 

Compensation costs for state and local 

government workers increased 2.5

percent for the 12-month period ending 

in December 2017. In December 2016, 

the increase was 2.4 percent. Wages and 

salaries increased 2.1 percent for the 12-

month period ending in December 2017, 

the same as the December 2016 increase. 

Benefit costs increased 3.2 percent for 

the 12-month period ending in December

2017. The prior year’s increase was 3.1

percent. (See chart 5 and tables A, 7, 11, 

and 12.)

 

Chart 4. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, private industry, wages and salaries and 

benefits

Chart 3. Twelve-month percent change, not 

seasonally adjusted, private industry, benefits and 

health benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Health benefits

Benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

Updated Seasonal Factors

The 2018 seasonal factors for directly adjusted series and revised seasonally adjusted series for the 

past five years are scheduled for release with the March 2018 Employment Cost Index (ECI) on 

April 27, 2018 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT), see www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectsfact.htm.
- 3 - 

Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index

(Percent change)

Category

3-month,

seasonally adjusted 12-month, not seasonally adjusted

Sept 

2017

Dec. 

2017

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sept

2017

Dec.

2017

CIVILIAN

WORKERS1

Compensation2

Wages and salaries

Benefits

PRIVATE

INDUSTRY

Compensation2

Wages and salaries

Benefits

STATE AND

LOCAL

GOVERNMENT

Compensation2

Wages and salaries

Benefits

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.8

0.6

1.0

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.2

2.3

1.8

2.4

2.1

3.1

2.4

2.5

2.2

2.3

2.6

1.9

2.6

2.2

3.1

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.6

2.1

3.2

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.0

3.0

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.6 

2.8

2.3

2.5

2.1

3.2

1 Includes private industry and state and local government.

2 Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

The Employment Cost Index for March 2018 is scheduled for release on 

Friday, April 27, 2018, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— 

Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

BLS news releases, including the ECI, are available through an email subscription service at

www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
- 4 - 

TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence 

of employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, 

coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation see National Compensation Survey 

Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm. 

Sample size

Data for the December 2017 reference period were collected from a probability sample of 

approximately 27,600 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,600 private 

industry establishments and approximately 8,000 occupational observations selected from a sample of 

about 1,400 state and local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Standard errors

To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of Employment Cost Index (ECI) series, standard errors 

of all current quarter estimates except seasonally adjusted series are made available shortly after 

publication of the news release, see www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm. Standard errors provide users a 

measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their 

intended purpose. 

Historical listings

Historical listings that provide all ECI data are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Included among 

these listings is one that provides continuous occupational and industry series. This listing uses the 

Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Occupational Classification System series through 

2005 and the North American Industry Classification System and Standard Occupational 

Classification from 2006 to the present. It provides the official series from the beginning of the ECI 

in 1975 through the current quarter. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous 

series, see the article published in the Monthly Labor Review at 

www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data 

The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published in a separate news release 

titled "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation" (ECEC). These releases are issued 3 months 

after the reference period. The ECEC release dates are available at

www.bls.gov/schedule/2018/home.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents at 

www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than 

the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ 

from those in the ECI. 

Fixed Employment Weights

For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see 

www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-theemployment-cost-index.htm.
- 5 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months endedऌ

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Civilian workers

All workerst 130.6 131.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriesu 128.3 129.0 .7 .5 .6 .3 .6 .6 .5 .9 .5

 Manufacturing 128.3 129.1 .7 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .6 1.0 .6

 Service-providing industriesी 131.2 131.9 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5 .8 .5 .7 .5

 Education and health services 130.7 131.5 .6 .4 .6 .7 .5 .6 .5 .4 .6

 Educational services 131.4 132.2 .7 .5 .6 .8 .6 .7 .5 .5 .6

 Elementary and secondary schools 131.3 132.1 .9 .5 .6 .9 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

131.5 132.3 .4 .3 .6 .5 .7 .8 .4 .5 .6

 Health care and social assistanceु 130.1 130.9 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .3 .6

 Hospitals 131.0 131.8 .6 .5 .6 .5 .7 .5 .5 .5 .6

 Nursing and residential care facilities 127.2 128.1 .4 .7 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .7

 Public administration 134.7 135.8 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5 .8 .6 .4 .8

 Private industry workers

All workers 130.0 130.6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5 .8 .5 .8 .5

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 129.9 130.7 .5 .5 .3 .5 .5 .7 .7 .4 .6

 Management, business, and financial 131.2 131.8 .6 .5 .2 .6 .7 .8 .8 .5 .5

 Professional and related 129.0 129.9 .6 .5 .3 .4 .2 .6 .7 .3 .7

 Sales and office 129.9 130.3 .6 .8 1.0 .2 .3 .9 .2 1.1 .3

 Sales and related 125.6 125.7 .3 .7 1.3 -.2 -.2 1.3 -.2 1.5 .1

 Office and administrative support 132.9 133.6 .7 .9 .6 .7 .6 .5 .5 .8 .5

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 130.5 131.3 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 .5 .9 .7 .6

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

131.0 131.5 .4 .7 .7 .3 .8 .9 .5 .8 .4

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 130.0 131.1 .5 .3 .5 .5 .5 .2 1.2 .7 .8

 Production, transportation, and material moving 130.4 131.2 .7 .7 .6 .6 .7 .8 .6 1.1 .6

 Production 128.5 129.3 .7 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 1.0 .6

 Transportation and material moving 132.8 133.6 .5 .9 .6 .7 .9 .9 .5 1.1 .6

 Service occupations 129.9 131.0 .6 .8 1.0 .7 .7 .9 .5 .5 .8

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriesu 128.3 129.0 .7 .6 .6 .4 .6 .6 .5 .9 .5

 Construction 128.1 128.6 .7 .5 .7 .0 .7 1.0 .4 .5 .4

 Manufacturing 128.3 129.1 .7 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .6 1.0 .6

 Aircraft manufacturing 125.8 126.4 .4 1.7 .6 -.9 1.2 1.5 .7 8.4 .5

 Service-providing industriesू 130.5 131.2 .5 .6 .6 .6 .4 .8 .6 .7 .5

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 131.8 132.6 .2 1.1 .6 .5 .5 1.0 .4 .9 .6

 Retail trade 132.2 133.1 .7 1.4 .7 .7 .7 .9 .5 .8 .7

 Transportation and warehousing 134.0 135.0 .4 1.2 .5 .6 1.1 .5 .6 1.1 .7

 Utilities 140.8 141.9 .6 .6 .5 .7 .9 .5 .4 .7 .8

 Information 128.2 128.6 .3 .7 .1 .8 .5 .3 1.1 .7 .3

 Financial activities 129.9 130.2 .8 .2 .8 1.2 .6 .2 1.0 .5 .2

 Finance and insurance 130.0 130.4 .9 .1 .8 1.4 .6 .2 1.0 .4 .3

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

129.4 129.1 .5 .6 .5 1.4 .6 .6 .8 .4 -.2

 Insurance carriers and related activities 132.4 132.9 1.3 .4 .7 1.2 .2 .9 1.2 -.1 .4

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 6 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry ऌ Continued

 (Seasonally adjusted)

- 6 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry ऌ Continued

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months endedऌ

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Industry

 Real estate and rental and leasing 129.2 129.3 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.1

 Professional and business services 131.5 132.1 .6 .6 .4 .2 .2 .9 .6 1.1 .5

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 134.2 134.5 .5 .6 .5 .2 .2 .8 .8 1.2 .2

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

127.6 128.6 .7 .6 .1 .2 -.5 .7 .5 1.2 .8

 Education and health services 129.6 130.3 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .3 .5

 Educational services 130.2 130.9 .5 .5 .6 .2 .8 .6 .4 .4 .5

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

131.7 132.3 .5 .3 .5 .4 .7 .6 .4 .8 .5

 Health care and social assistanceु 129.4 130.2 .5 .4 .6 .5 .4 .6 .5 .2 .6

 Hospitals 130.7 131.3 .6 .4 .6 .6 .7 .6 .5 .4 .5

 Nursing and residential care facilities 125.7 126.6 .3 .7 .7 .7 .7 .5 .6 .6 .7

 Leisure and hospitality 129.5 130.5 .8 1.0 .9 .8 .6 1.9 .5 .3 .8

 Accommodation and food services 130.3 131.4 .9 1.1 1.0 1.0 .6 1.8 .7 .2 .8

 Other services, except public administration 130.8 131.5 .5 .1 .9 .9 .7 .5 .5 .8 .5

 State and local government workers

All workers 133.3 134.3 .7 .5 .5 .8 .6 .6 .5 .6 .8

 Industry

 Education and health services 132.1 133.0 .8 .5 .5 .9 .5 .6 .5 .6 .7

 Educational services 131.7 132.6 .7 .5 .6 .9 .5 .7 .5 .5 .7

 Schools 131.6 132.5 .8 .5 .6 .9 .6 .6 .5 .5 .7

 Elementary and secondary schools 131.7 132.5 .9 .6 .6 .9 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6

 Health care and social assistanceु 135.1 136.0 .8 .6 .5 .5 .6 .2 .2 1.1 .7

 Hospitals 132.5 133.5 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .2 .3 1.0 .8

 Public administration 134.7 135.8 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5 .8 .6 .4 .8

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.

 6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
- 7 -

 Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months endedऌ

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Civilian workers

All workers{ 129.2 129.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.5

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriest 128.6 129.4 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 .7 .5 .7 .6

 Manufacturing 128.7 129.6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .8 .7

 Service-providing industriesu 129.3 130.1 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5 .8 .5 .6 .6

 Education and health services 127.2 127.9 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .5 .4 .6

 Educational services 125.2 125.9 .4 .5 .5 .6 .5 .6 .4 .4 .6

 Elementary and secondary schools 123.9 124.4 .4 .4 .6 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

127.3 128.1 .3 .4 .6 .6 .6 .8 .2 .5 .6

 Health care and social assistanceी 129.3 130.2 .5 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 .7 .2 .7

 Hospitals 130.1 130.9 .5 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .5 .5 .6

 Nursing and residential care facilities 126.5 127.3 .4 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6

 Public administration 126.9 127.7 .3 .5 .6 .6 .5 .7 .4 .5 .6

 Private industry workers

All workers 129.9 130.7 .6 .6 .7 .5 .5 .9 .5 .7 .6

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 130.4 131.2 .6 .6 .3 .5 .5 .6 .8 .3 .6

 Management, business, and financial 131.5 132.4 .6 .7 .2 .5 .9 .5 .8 .3 .7

 Professional and related 129.5 130.4 .6 .6 .4 .5 .2 .7 .8 .2 .7

 Sales and office 129.5 130.0 .5 .7 1.0 .2 .3 1.1 .0 1.3 .4

 Sales and related 125.8 126.1 .2 .5 1.5 -.5 -.2 1.5 -.6 1.8 .3

 Office and administrative support 132.2 133.1 .8 1.0 .6 .7 .8 .7 .5 .8 .7

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 129.7 130.5 .4 .7 .7 .3 .8 .7 .8 .8 .6

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

129.9 130.4 .4 .9 .9 .2 1.0 1.0 .4 1.0 .4

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 129.5 130.7 .5 .4 .6 .6 .5 .3 1.3 .5 .9

 Production, transportation, and material moving 130.1 130.9 .7 .7 .8 .7 .8 .9 .5 1.1 .6

 Production 128.6 129.4 .7 .7 .8 .7 .6 .7 .8 .9 .6

 Transportation and material moving 131.9 132.8 .6 .9 .9 .6 1.0 1.1 .5 1.3 .7

 Service occupationsु 130.1 131.4 .6 1.0 1.0 .9 .7 1.1 .6 .6 1.0

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriest 128.7 129.4 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 .8 .5 .7 .5

 Construction 127.7 128.2 .7 .5 .7 .0 .9 1.1 .4 .6 .4

 Manufacturing 128.7 129.6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .8 .7

 Aircraft manufacturing 138.6 139.4 .6 .5 .8 .5 .8 .7 .8 .7 .6

 Service-providing industriesू 130.3 131.1 .5 .7 .6 .6 .5 .8 .6 .7 .6

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 130.6 131.4 .2 .9 .8 .3 .5 1.5 .3 .8 .6

 Retail trade 132.4 133.3 .7 1.0 .8 .6 .7 1.4 .4 .8 .7

 Transportation and warehousing 132.5 133.5 .5 1.2 .9 .6 1.3 .9 .4 1.0 .8

 Utilities 137.7 138.7 .5 .6 .5 .8 .9 .8 .6 .3 .7

 Information 127.3 127.8 .4 1.1 .6 .9 .6 .0 1.0 .7 .4

 Financial activities 130.3 131.2 .9 .3 1.0 1.2 .8 -.2 1.1 .5 .7

 Finance and insurance 130.9 132.0 1.0 .1 1.0 1.3 .7 -.2 1.1 .4 .8

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

127.9 128.3 .5 .6 .5 1.1 .6 .5 .8 .5 .3

 Insurance carriers and related

 activities

131.7 132.4 1.5 .6 1.0 1.4 .3 .5 1.4 -.3 .5

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 8 -

 Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry ऌ Continued

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months endedऌ

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Industry

 Professional and business services 131.7 132.2 .6 .7 .4 .2 .2 .7 .5 1.2 .4

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 134.4 134.6 .5 .9 .5 .0 .2 .7 .6 1.5 .1

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

128.4 129.7 .7 .7 .2 .2 -.5 .8 .4 1.3 1.0

 Education and health services 129.2 130.1 .4 .6 .6 .4 .6 .6 .6 .2 .7

 Educational services 129.0 129.7 .4 .6 .7 .2 .9 .6 .4 .5 .5

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

129.8 130.4 .3 .4 .6 .5 .8 .6 .3 .9 .4

 Health care and social assistanceी 129.3 130.1 .5 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 .7 .2 .6

 Hospitals 130.3 131.1 .6 .5 .7 .6 .7 .7 .6 .4 .6

 Nursing and residential care facilities 126.4 127.3 .3 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .7 .6 .7

 Leisure and hospitality 131.3 132.6 .9 1.0 1.0 .9 .7 1.9 .6 .4 1.0

 Accommodation and food services 131.9 133.3 .9 1.1 1.2 1.0 .8 1.8 .7 .2 1.0

 Other services, except public administration 131.2 132.2 .5 .2 1.0 .9 .8 .3 .6 .8 .7

State and local government workers

All workers 125.9 126.6 .4 .5 .5 .6 .5 .6 .4 .5 .6

 Industry

 Education and health services 125.1 125.7 .4 .4 .5 .6 .5 .6 .4 .5 .5

 Educational services 124.5 125.1 .4 .4 .5 .7 .4 .6 .4 .4 .5

 Schools 124.5 125.1 .4 .4 .5 .6 .5 .6 .4 .4 .5

 Elementary and secondary schools 123.9 124.4 .4 .4 .5 .7 .3 .5 .6 .4 .4

 Health care and social assistanceी 129.7 130.5 .7 .4 .5 .4 .6 .4 .5 .9 .6

 Hospitals 128.8 129.6 .5 .5 .6 .4 .6 .4 .5 1.0 .6

 Public administration 126.9 127.7 .3 .5 .6 .6 .5 .7 .4 .5 .6

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

 4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.

 5 The service occupations wages and salaries series is seasonal as of the 2017 seasonal adjustment revision. Historical data for this series are published beginning with

 March 2012.

 6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
- 9 -

 Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months endedऌ

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Civilian workers

All workers{ 134.0 134.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5

 Private industry workers

All workers 130.0 130.5 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4 .6 .6 .7 .4

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 128.9 129.4 .4 .1 .3 .4 .4 .7 .8 .5 .4

 Sales and office 130.9 131.1 .5 1.1 .6 .6 .2 .4 .7 .7 .2

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 132.4 133.1 .5 .2 .3 .4 .5 .2 .8 .7 .5

 Production, transportation, and material moving 131.0 131.6 .5 .6 .3 .6 .5 .5 .5 1.2 .5

 Service occupations 129.3 129.9 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .4 .5 .4

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriest 127.5 128.1 .7 .3 .4 .3 .3 .4 .4 1.3 .5

 Manufacturing 127.7 128.1 .8 .4 .4 .4 .2 .5 .5 1.7 .3

 Service-providing industriesu 131.1 131.5 .3 .6 .3 .6 .3 .8 .6 .6 .3

 State and local government workers

All workers 148.2 149.7 1.2 .6 .6 1.1 .7 .8 .7 .8 1.0

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
- 10 -

 Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Civilian workers

All workerst 127.9 130.7 131.2 0.3 0.8 0.4 2.2 2.5 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupationsu 128.2 130.9 131.5 .4 .7 .5 2.3 2.5 2.6

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 128.1 130.7 131.2 .3 .6 .4 1.9 2.3 2.4

 Management, business, and financial 128.7 131.6 131.9 .5 .6 .2 2.1 2.8 2.5

 Professional and related 127.8 130.2 130.8 .2 .6 .5 1.8 2.0 2.3

 Sales and office 127.4 130.4 130.6 .1 .9 .2 2.4 2.4 2.5

 Sales and related 122.3 125.8 125.7 -.4 1.3 -.1 1.7 2.4 2.8

 Office and administrative support 130.5 133.1 133.7 .4 .6 .5 2.8 2.4 2.5

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 128.1 131.0 131.6 .5 .7 .5 2.2 2.7 2.7

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

128.6 131.3 131.8 .8 .7 .4 2.6 2.9 2.5

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 127.7 130.8 131.4 .2 .8 .5 1.8 2.6 2.9

 Production, transportation, and material moving 127.5 130.9 131.4 .6 1.2 .4 2.7 3.2 3.1

 Production 125.7 128.8 129.4 .6 1.1 .5 2.5 3.0 2.9

 Transportation and material moving 129.6 133.4 133.9 .5 1.1 .4 2.9 3.5 3.3

 Service occupations 129.1 131.8 132.7 .5 .7 .7 3.1 2.6 2.8

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriesी 125.8 128.4 128.9 .5 .9 .4 2.1 2.6 2.5

 Manufacturing 125.5 128.4 128.9 .3 1.0 .4 2.2 2.6 2.7

 Service-providing industriesु 128.3 131.1 131.6 .3 .7 .4 2.3 2.5 2.6

 Education and health services 128.7 130.8 131.5 .4 .7 .5 2.1 2.0 2.2

 Educational services 129.2 131.6 132.2 .5 1.2 .5 2.4 2.3 2.3

 Elementary and secondary schools 129.0 131.4 132.1 .4 1.2 .5 2.5 2.3 2.4

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

129.5 131.8 132.4 .5 1.1 .5 2.2 2.3 2.2

 Health care and social assistanceू 128.3 130.1 130.9 .5 .3 .6 2.0 1.9 2.0

 Hospitals 129.1 131.0 131.7 .7 .5 .5 2.4 2.2 2.0

 Nursing and residential care facilities 124.9 127.2 127.9 .6 .7 .6 2.5 2.5 2.4

 Public administration 132.0 134.7 135.7 .2 .7 .7 2.2 2.3 2.8

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

 4 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

 6 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 11 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group and

 industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 11 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group and

 industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Private industry workers

All workers 127.2 130.0 130.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 2.2 2.5 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 127.5 130.2 130.8 .4 .5 .5 2.3 2.5 2.6

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 127.4 130.0 130.5 .2 .4 .4 1.7 2.3 2.4

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 126.9 129.4 129.9 .2 .4 .4 1.8 2.2 2.4

 Management, business, and financial 128.4 131.3 131.7 .5 .5 .3 2.1 2.8 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 127.8 130.5 130.9 .6 .4 .3 2.2 2.7 2.4

 Professional and related 126.7 129.1 129.6 .0 .3 .4 1.4 1.9 2.3

 Sales and office 126.8 129.9 130.1 .1 .9 .2 2.3 2.5 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 129.2 131.9 132.4 .5 .6 .4 3.0 2.6 2.5

 Sales and related 122.2 125.7 125.5 -.4 1.3 -.2 1.7 2.4 2.7

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 127.0 130.0 130.5 .4 .6 .4 3.3 2.8 2.8

 Office and administrative support 130.2 132.8 133.3 .5 .5 .4 2.8 2.5 2.4

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 127.7 130.6 131.2 .5 .7 .5 2.2 2.8 2.7

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

128.4 131.1 131.6 .9 .7 .4 2.6 3.0 2.5

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 127.1 130.2 130.9 .2 .8 .5 1.8 2.6 3.0

 Production, transportation, and material moving 127.0 130.4 131.0 .5 1.1 .5 2.7 3.2 3.1

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 127.2 130.4 131.0 .5 .9 .5 2.7 3.0 3.0

 Production 125.5 128.6 129.2 .4 1.1 .5 2.4 2.9 2.9

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 125.8 128.8 129.5 .5 1.0 .5 2.5 2.9 2.9

 Transportation and material moving 129.1 133.0 133.4 .5 1.2 .3 3.0 3.6 3.3

 Service occupations 127.2 130.0 130.9 .6 .6 .7 3.2 2.8 2.9

 Industry and occupational group

 Goods-producing industriesu 125.8 128.4 128.9 .5 .9 .4 2.1 2.6 2.5

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 126.1 128.7 129.3 .5 .8 .5 2.3 2.5 2.5

 Management, professional, and related 124.2 126.6 127.1 .2 .8 .4 1.7 2.2 2.3

 Sales and office 127.3 129.7 129.4 .4 1.2 -.2 1.5 2.3 1.6

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

127.7 130.3 131.1 .6 .6 .6 2.3 2.7 2.7

 Production, transportation, and material moving 125.1 128.1 128.7 .4 1.1 .5 2.4 2.8 2.9

 Construction 125.8 128.3 128.8 .7 .8 .4 1.9 2.7 2.4

 Manufacturing 125.5 128.4 128.9 .3 1.0 .4 2.2 2.6 2.7

 Management, professional, and related 125.3 128.1 128.5 .2 .9 .3 2.2 2.5 2.6

 Sales and office 128.5 130.9 131.3 .3 .7 .3 1.7 2.2 2.2

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

127.2 129.6 130.7 .2 1.0 .8 2.2 2.1 2.8

 Production, transportation, and material 

 moving

124.8 127.8 128.3 .5 1.2 .4 2.4 2.9 2.8

 Aircraft manufacturing 112.9 128.9 128.9 .8 10.6 .0 2.5 15.1 14.2

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 12 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group

 and industry ऌ Continued

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 12 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group

 and industry ऌ Continued

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Service-providing industriesी 127.7 130.6 131.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 2.2 2.6 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 128.0 130.8 131.3 .3 .5 .4 2.3 2.5 2.6

 Management, professional, and related 128.0 130.7 131.1 .2 .4 .3 1.7 2.3 2.4

 Sales and office 126.8 129.9 130.1 .1 .9 .2 2.4 2.5 2.6

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

127.8 131.1 131.4 .3 .8 .2 2.0 2.9 2.8

 Production, transportation, and material moving 129.5 133.3 133.8 .6 1.1 .4 3.1 3.6 3.3

 Service occupations 127.2 130.0 130.9 .6 .6 .7 3.2 2.8 2.9

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 128.5 131.9 132.3 .2 .8 .3 2.8 2.9 3.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 129.4 132.3 132.9 .5 .5 .5 3.2 2.7 2.7

 Wholesale trade 124.8 128.2 128.6 -.2 .7 .3 1.1 2.6 3.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 128.1 130.9 131.6 .2 .4 .5 2.2 2.4 2.7

 Retail trade 129.1 132.3 132.8 .5 .7 .4 3.7 3.0 2.9

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 128.1 131.0 131.5 .7 .5 .4 4.0 3.0 2.7

 Transportation and warehousing 130.7 134.2 134.6 .6 1.1 .3 3.5 3.3 3.0

 Utilities 137.8 140.9 141.2 .4 .5 .2 2.6 2.6 2.5

 Information 125.4 128.3 128.4 .3 .5 .1 2.2 2.6 2.4

 Financial activities 127.4 129.9 129.9 .3 .2 .0 2.9 2.3 2.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 127.8 130.6 130.5 .2 .4 -.1 2.5 2.4 2.1

 Finance and insurance 127.6 130.1 130.1 .2 .2 .0 2.8 2.2 2.0

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

126.8 129.5 128.8 .2 .2 -.5 3.0 2.4 1.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 130.2 133.4 132.8 .2 .2 -.4 2.8 2.6 2.0

 Insurance carriers and related activities 129.5 132.5 132.6 .0 -.2 .1 2.7 2.3 2.4

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 128.4 131.3 131.5 .1 .3 .2 2.0 2.3 2.4

 Real estate and rental and leasing 126.7 129.2 129.3 .6 .7 .1 3.3 2.6 2.1

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 129.8 132.2 132.3 .4 .6 .1 2.9 2.2 1.9

 Professional and business services 128.0 131.5 131.9 .0 .9 .3 1.2 2.7 3.0

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 130.2 134.0 134.1 .2 .9 .1 1.5 3.1 3.0

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

124.6 127.8 128.5 -.6 1.3 .5 .5 1.9 3.1

 Education and health services 127.8 129.6 130.4 .5 .3 .6 1.9 1.9 2.0

 Educational services 128.6 130.5 131.1 .6 .9 .5 2.1 2.1 1.9

 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and 

 professional schools

129.6 132.0 132.5 .6 1.3 .4 2.0 2.5 2.2

 Health care and social assistanceु 127.6 129.5 130.2 .4 .2 .5 1.8 1.9 2.0

 Hospitals 128.7 130.7 131.3 .7 .3 .5 2.3 2.3 2.0

 Nursing and residential care facilities 123.5 125.7 126.5 .7 .6 .6 2.7 2.4 2.4

 Nursing care facilitiest 123.6 125.6 126.3 .7 .6 .6 2.3 2.4 2.2

 Leisure and hospitality 125.8 129.6 130.3 .4 .5 .5 3.3 3.4 3.6

 Accommodation and food services 126.6 130.4 131.2 .3 .3 .6 3.7 3.3 3.6

 Other services, except public administration 128.2 131.1 131.3 .2 .9 .2 2.6 2.5 2.4

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

 2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 13 -

 Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by bargaining status and

 census region and division

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 13 -

 Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by bargaining status and

 census region and division

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Bargaining status and census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Bargaining status

 Union 130.6 133.7 134.5 0.2 0.8 0.6 1.5 2.5 3.0

 Goods-producing industriest 128.0 131.2 131.8 .7 1.4 .5 2.1 3.2 3.0

 Manufacturing 122.8 126.8 127.2 .7 2.3 .3 2.0 4.0 3.6

 Service-providing industriesu 133.1 136.1 137.1 -.1 .4 .7 1.3 2.2 3.0

 Nonunion 126.6 129.5 129.9 .2 .7 .3 2.3 2.5 2.6

 Goods-producing industriest 125.1 127.6 128.1 .4 .8 .4 2.1 2.4 2.4

 Manufacturing 126.3 129.0 129.5 .2 .8 .4 2.3 2.4 2.5

 Service-providing industriesu 127.1 130.0 130.4 .3 .6 .3 2.3 2.6 2.6

 Census region and divisionी

 Northeast

128.7 131.8 132.0 .4 .5 .2 2.5 2.8 2.6

 New England 131.1 134.9 135.3 .7 .8 .3 2.7 3.6 3.2

 Middle Atlantic 127.8 130.7 130.9 .3 .4 .2 2.4 2.6 2.4

 South 126.2 128.7 129.2 .0 .6 .4 1.3 2.0 2.4

 South Atlantic 127.8 130.4 131.1 .3 .5 .5 1.8 2.4 2.6

 East South Central 125.5 128.8 128.4 .3 1.4 -.3 2.5 3.0 2.3

 West South Central 123.8 125.9 126.4 -.6 .5 .4 .2 1.0 2.1

 Midwest 125.7 128.0 128.5 .3 .5 .4 2.6 2.2 2.2

 East North Central 124.1 126.5 127.0 .4 .4 .4 2.5 2.3 2.3

 West North Central 129.8 131.7 132.1 .2 .6 .3 3.2 1.7 1.8

 West 128.6 132.3 132.9 .5 1.0 .5 2.6 3.4 3.3

 Mountain 126.4 129.4 130.0 .5 .5 .5 1.9 2.9 2.8

 Pacific 129.6 133.6 134.2 .6 1.2 .4 2.9 3.7 3.5

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

 4 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New

 Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West

 Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central:

 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:

 Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

 NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
- 14 -

 Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for State and local government workers, by occupational

 group and industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 14 -

 Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for State and local government workers, by occupational

 group and industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 State and local government workers

All workers 130.9 133.4 134.2 0.5 1.1 0.6 2.4 2.4 2.5

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 129.8 132.3 133.0 .4 1.1 .5 2.4 2.3 2.5

 Professional and related 129.7 132.1 132.8 .5 1.1 .5 2.4 2.3 2.4

 Sales and office 132.4 134.8 135.7 .1 .9 .7 2.5 1.9 2.5

 Office and administrative support 132.4 134.9 135.7 .0 1.0 .6 2.4 1.9 2.5

 Service occupations 133.5 136.1 137.0 .5 1.0 .7 2.7 2.4 2.6

 Industry

 Education and health services 129.8 132.2 132.9 .4 1.2 .5 2.4 2.2 2.4

 Educational services 129.4 131.9 132.5 .4 1.2 .5 2.5 2.3 2.4

 Schoolst 129.4 131.8 132.4 .5 1.2 .5 2.5 2.3 2.3

 Elementary and secondary schools 129.3 131.8 132.5 .4 1.3 .5 2.5 2.3 2.5

 Health care and social assistanceu 132.8 135.0 135.8 .5 1.1 .6 2.2 2.1 2.3

 Hospitals 130.5 132.6 133.4 .5 1.1 .6 2.4 2.2 2.2

 Public administration 132.0 134.7 135.7 .2 .7 .7 2.2 2.3 2.8

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

 2 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional schools.

 3 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 15 -

 Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Civilian workers

All workers{ 126.6 129.3 129.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 2.3 2.5 2.5

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 126.7 129.2 129.9 .5 .6 .5 2.5 2.5 2.5

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 126.8 129.1 129.6 .3 .5 .4 2.0 2.1 2.2

 Management, business, and financial 128.7 131.2 131.7 .6 .6 .4 2.4 2.6 2.3

 Professional and related 125.7 128.0 128.5 .1 .5 .4 1.7 1.9 2.2

 Sales and office 126.0 129.2 129.5 .1 1.0 .2 2.1 2.6 2.8

 Sales and related 122.1 126.0 125.8 -.5 1.6 -.2 1.2 2.7 3.0

 Office and administrative support 128.8 131.4 132.0 .5 .6 .5 3.0 2.6 2.5

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 126.6 129.6 130.3 .6 .8 .5 2.5 2.9 2.9

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

126.6 129.6 130.2 1.0 .8 .5 3.0 3.3 2.8

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 126.7 129.8 130.5 .2 .9 .5 2.0 2.7 3.0

 Production, transportation, and material moving 126.7 130.2 130.8 .7 1.1 .5 3.2 3.5 3.2

 Production 125.7 128.8 129.5 .7 .9 .5 2.9 3.2 3.0

 Transportation and material moving 127.9 131.8 132.3 .6 1.2 .4 3.4 3.7 3.4

 Service occupations 127.0 129.8 130.8 .6 .7 .8 3.3 2.8 3.0

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriesu 126.1 128.7 129.3 .5 .7 .5 2.4 2.5 2.5

 Manufacturing 126.2 128.7 129.3 .4 .6 .5 2.6 2.4 2.5

 Service-providing industriesी 126.6 129.4 129.9 .3 .7 .4 2.3 2.5 2.6

 Education and health services 125.4 127.4 128.0 .4 .7 .5 2.0 2.0 2.1

 Educational services 123.7 125.6 126.0 .4 1.0 .3 2.1 1.9 1.9

 Elementary and secondary schools 122.4 124.3 124.6 .2 1.1 .2 1.9 1.8 1.8

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

125.5 127.6 128.2 .5 1.0 .5 2.1 2.2 2.2

 Health care and social assistanceु 127.4 129.4 130.2 .5 .3 .6 2.1 2.1 2.2

 Hospitals 128.0 130.1 130.9 .7 .5 .6 2.5 2.4 2.3

 Nursing and residential care facilities 123.9 126.5 127.3 .7 .6 .6 2.7 2.8 2.7

 Public administration 124.9 127.0 127.7 .4 .7 .6 2.1 2.1 2.2

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public adminstration.

 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 16 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Private industry workers

All workers 127.1 130.0 130.6 0.3 0.7 0.5 2.3 2.6 2.8

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 127.3 130.0 130.7 .5 .5 .5 2.5 2.6 2.7

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 128.1 130.5 131.1 .3 .4 .5 2.0 2.2 2.3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 127.2 129.5 130.1 .3 .3 .5 2.0 2.1 2.3

 Management, business, and financial 129.2 131.8 132.3 .6 .6 .4 2.4 2.6 2.4

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.0 130.3 130.8 .6 .4 .4 2.6 2.4 2.2

 Professional and related 127.2 129.6 130.2 .0 .2 .5 1.6 1.9 2.4

 Sales and office 126.2 129.5 129.8 .1 1.0 .2 2.2 2.7 2.9

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.5 131.5 132.2 .5 .7 .5 3.0 2.9 2.9

 Sales and related 122.2 126.0 125.9 -.5 1.5 -.1 1.2 2.6 3.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 127.0 130.5 131.0 .5 .8 .4 3.0 3.2 3.1

 Office and administrative support 129.5 132.2 132.9 .6 .6 .5 3.1 2.7 2.6

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 126.7 129.8 130.4 .6 .8 .5 2.6 3.0 2.9

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

126.9 129.9 130.4 1.0 .9 .4 3.1 3.4 2.8

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 126.6 129.7 130.5 .2 .7 .6 2.0 2.6 3.1

 Production, transportation, and material moving 126.6 130.1 130.7 .6 1.0 .5 3.1 3.3 3.2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 126.9 130.2 130.8 .6 .9 .5 3.1 3.3 3.1

 Production 125.4 128.6 129.3 .5 .9 .5 2.8 3.0 3.1

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 125.6 128.8 129.5 .5 .9 .5 2.8 3.0 3.1

 Transportation and material moving 128.1 132.1 132.6 .7 1.3 .4 3.5 3.9 3.5

 Service occupations 127.1 130.2 131.3 .6 .7 .8 3.5 3.0 3.3

 Industry and occupational group

 Goods-producing industriest 126.2 128.8 129.3 .6 .7 .4 2.4 2.6 2.5

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 126.6 129.2 129.8 .6 .6 .5 2.6 2.7 2.5

 Management, professional, and related 126.7 128.5 129.0 .3 .2 .4 2.1 1.7 1.8

 Sales and office 127.5 130.2 129.9 .6 1.6 -.2 1.6 2.7 1.9

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

126.6 129.5 130.4 .8 .6 .7 2.7 3.1 3.0

 Production, transportation, and material moving 125.1 128.1 128.8 .6 .9 .5 2.8 3.0 3.0

 Construction 125.3 127.9 128.4 .9 .9 .4 2.1 3.0 2.5

 Manufacturing 126.2 128.7 129.3 .4 .6 .5 2.6 2.4 2.5

 Management, professional, and related 127.3 129.2 129.6 .2 .2 .3 2.6 1.7 1.8

 Sales and office 128.1 130.8 131.6 .4 .8 .6 2.0 2.5 2.7

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

127.5 129.8 131.0 .3 .8 .9 2.4 2.1 2.7

 Production, transportation, and material 

 moving

124.8 127.8 128.5 .6 .9 .5 2.8 3.0 3.0

 Aircraft manufacturing 134.7 138.5 138.4 .1 .4 -.1 2.6 3.0 2.7

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 17 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry ऌ Continued

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 17 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry ऌ Continued

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Service-providing industriesu 127.4 130.4 131.0 0.2 0.7 0.5 2.3 2.6 2.8

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 127.6 130.3 131.0 .5 .5 .5 2.6 2.6 2.7

 Management, professional, and related 128.3 130.9 131.4 .3 .5 .4 1.9 2.3 2.4

 Sales and office 126.1 129.4 129.8 .0 .9 .3 2.3 2.6 2.9

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

126.8 130.2 130.5 .2 1.0 .2 2.3 2.9 2.9

 Production, transportation, and material moving 128.3 132.3 132.9 .6 1.1 .5 3.4 3.8 3.6

 Service occupations 127.1 130.2 131.2 .6 .7 .8 3.5 3.0 3.2

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 127.1 130.8 131.2 .3 .9 .3 2.6 3.2 3.2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 127.7 130.8 131.4 .6 .5 .5 3.2 3.1 2.9

 Wholesale trade 121.9 125.7 126.0 -.3 1.0 .2 .7 2.8 3.4

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 124.6 127.6 128.2 .2 .5 .5 2.1 2.7 2.9

 Retail trade 128.9 132.6 133.2 .5 .8 .5 3.2 3.4 3.3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 127.5 130.8 131.4 .8 .5 .5 3.4 3.4 3.1

 Transportation and warehousing 129.1 132.8 133.1 .7 1.1 .2 3.9 3.6 3.1

 Utilities 135.0 137.9 138.2 .4 .2 .2 2.7 2.5 2.4

 Information 124.9 127.4 127.5 .4 .6 .1 3.2 2.4 2.1

 Financial activities 128.2 130.5 130.9 .5 .3 .3 3.3 2.3 2.1

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.2 130.7 130.9 .4 .4 .2 2.8 2.3 2.1

 Finance and insurance 128.8 131.1 131.6 .3 .2 .4 3.1 2.1 2.2

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

125.2 127.9 128.0 .3 .2 .1 2.8 2.5 2.2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.7 131.8 132.0 .3 .3 .2 2.7 2.7 2.6

 Insurance carriers and related activities 129.4 131.8 132.1 .0 -.5 .2 3.4 1.9 2.1

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 127.4 129.6 129.8 .2 .3 .2 2.5 1.9 1.9

 Real estate and rental and leasing 125.4 128.0 128.2 .8 .9 .2 3.8 2.9 2.2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.6 131.0 131.3 .4 .7 .2 3.2 2.3 2.1

 Professional and business services 128.3 131.6 132.0 .0 1.1 .3 1.3 2.6 2.9

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 130.4 134.1 134.2 .2 1.1 .1 1.6 3.0 2.9

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

125.3 128.7 129.6 -.7 1.4 .7 .6 2.0 3.4

 Education and health services 127.3 129.3 130.1 .5 .4 .6 2.1 2.1 2.2

 Educational services 127.4 129.4 130.0 .7 1.1 .5 2.3 2.3 2.0

 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and 

 professional schools

127.7 130.1 130.7 .8 1.5 .5 2.2 2.7 2.3

 Health care and social assistanceी 127.3 129.3 130.2 .4 .2 .7 2.1 2.0 2.3

 Hospitals 128.3 130.3 131.1 .7 .3 .6 2.5 2.3 2.2

 Nursing and residential care facilities 123.8 126.4 127.3 .7 .6 .7 2.8 2.8 2.8

 Nursing care facilities{ 123.9 126.2 127.0 .6 .6 .6 2.5 2.5 2.5

 Leisure and hospitality 127.4 131.4 132.3 .4 .5 .7 3.7 3.5 3.8

 Accommodation and food services 128.2 132.1 133.0 .4 .4 .7 4.1 3.4 3.7

 Other services, except public administration 128.7 131.5 131.8 .2 1.0 .2 2.8 2.4 2.4

 1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

 4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 18 -

 Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and

 census region and division

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Bargaining status and census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Bargaining status

 Union 127.3 129.9 130.9 0.1 0.5 0.8 1.4 2.1 2.8

 Goods-producing industries{ 124.7 126.8 127.6 .8 .6 .6 2.3 2.5 2.3

 Manufacturing 122.3 124.5 125.2 .7 .7 .6 2.3 2.6 2.4

 Service-providing industriest 129.4 132.2 133.3 -.3 .5 .8 1.1 1.8 3.0

 Nonunion 127.1 130.0 130.6 .4 .7 .5 2.5 2.7 2.8

 Goods-producing industries{ 126.6 129.3 129.8 .6 .8 .4 2.5 2.7 2.5

 Manufacturing 127.1 129.7 130.3 .4 .6 .5 2.7 2.4 2.5

 Service-providing industriest 127.3 130.3 130.8 .4 .8 .4 2.5 2.8 2.7

 Census region and divisionu

 Northeast 128.3 131.5 131.7 .5 .6 .2 2.9 3.0 2.7

 New England 132.1 136.4 136.8 .8 .9 .3 2.9 4.0 3.6

 Middle Atlantic 126.9 129.6 129.8 .5 .4 .2 2.9 2.6 2.3

 South 126.7 129.5 130.1 -.1 .7 .5 1.4 2.1 2.7

 South Atlantic 128.3 131.1 132.0 .3 .6 .7 1.8 2.5 2.9

 East South Central 125.5 129.1 128.6 .2 1.5 -.4 2.4 3.1 2.5

 West South Central 124.5 127.1 127.5 -.8 .6 .3 .2 1.3 2.4

 Midwest 125.3 127.5 128.1 .4 .5 .5 2.9 2.2 2.2

 East North Central 123.4 125.9 126.5 .5 .5 .5 2.7 2.5 2.5

 West North Central 129.8 131.6 132.1 .3 .7 .4 3.2 1.7 1.8

 West 128.7 132.2 132.9 .6 1.0 .5 2.8 3.4 3.3

 Mountain 127.0 130.0 130.8 .5 .5 .6 1.7 2.8 3.0

 Pacific 129.5 133.2 133.8 .7 1.1 .5 3.3 3.6 3.3

 1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 2 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

 3 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New

 Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West

 Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central:

 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:

 Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

 NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
- 19 -

 Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for State and local government workers, by occupational

 group and industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 State and local government workers

All workers 124.1 126.1 126.7 0.4 0.9 0.5 2.1 2.0 2.1

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 123.4 125.4 125.9 .3 .9 .4 1.9 2.0 2.0

 Professional and related 123.3 125.2 125.7 .3 .9 .4 1.9 1.9 1.9

 Sales and office 123.8 125.5 126.2 .2 .6 .6 1.9 1.5 1.9

 Office and administrative support 124.2 125.9 126.6 .2 .6 .6 1.9 1.5 1.9

 Service occupations 126.5 128.6 129.3 .6 .9 .5 2.3 2.2 2.2

 Industry

 Education and health services 123.4 125.4 125.8 .2 1.0 .3 2.0 1.9 1.9

 Educational services 122.9 124.9 125.2 .2 1.1 .2 1.9 1.9 1.9

 Schools{ 122.9 124.8 125.2 .2 1.0 .3 2.0 1.8 1.9

 Elementary and secondary schools 122.3 124.3 124.6 .2 1.1 .2 1.9 1.8 1.9

 Health care and social assistancet 127.6 129.7 130.6 .6 .9 .7 1.9 2.3 2.4

 Hospitals 126.6 128.8 129.7 .7 1.0 .7 2.2 2.5 2.4

 Public administration 124.9 127.0 127.7 .4 .7 .6 2.1 2.1 2.2

 1 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional schools.

 2 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
- 20 -

 Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

 Civilian workers

All workers{ 131.1 134.0 134.4 0.2 0.8 0.3 2.1 2.4 2.5

 Private industry workers

All workers 127.3 130.0 130.2 .2 .5 .2 1.8 2.4 2.3

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 126.0 128.9 129.1 .2 .5 .2 1.2 2.5 2.5

 Sales and office 128.4 130.8 130.8 .1 .5 .0 2.7 1.9 1.9

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 129.9 132.4 132.9 .4 .5 .4 1.6 2.3 2.3

 Production, transportation, and material moving 127.9 131.0 131.4 .4 1.1 .3 2.0 2.8 2.7

 Service occupations 127.1 129.2 129.7 .4 .5 .4 2.3 2.1 2.0

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriest 124.9 127.6 128.0 .2 1.2 .3 1.5 2.4 2.5

 Manufacturing 124.3 127.7 128.0 .2 1.7 .2 1.5 2.9 3.0

 Aircraft manufacturing 89.6 118.2 118.3 1.8 26.6 .1 2.5 34.3 32.0

 Service-providing industriesu 128.3 131.0 131.2 .2 .4 .2 1.9 2.3 2.3

 Bargaining status

 Union 136.1 139.9 140.6 .4 1.1 .5 1.6 3.2 3.3

 Nonunion 125.5 128.0 128.2 .2 .5 .2 1.8 2.2 2.2

 State and local government workers

All workers 145.0 148.6 149.7 .5 1.5 .7 3.1 3.0 3.2

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
- 21 -

 Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 and wages and salaries, for

 private industry workers, by area

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 21 -

 Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 and wages and salaries, for

 private industry workers, by area

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for 12 months endedऌ

Census region and metropolitan areat Total compensation Wages and salaries

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Dec.

2016

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Northeast

 BostonऌWorcesterऌManchester, MAऌNH CSA 2.3 3.0 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.2

 New YorkऌNewarkऌBridgeport, NYऌNJऌCTऌPA CSA 2.3 2.9 2.4 3.3 3.2 2.4

 PhiladelphiaऌCamdenऌVineland, PAऌNJऌDEऌMD

 CSA

2.2 2.1 2.7 2.4 1.8 2.4

South

 AtlantaऌSandy SpringsऌGainesville, GAऌAL CSA 3.5 2.2 1.4 4.2 2.7 1.5

 DallasऌFort Worth, TX CSA 1.4 1.4 2.4 1.5 1.9 3.2

 HoustonऌBaytownऌHuntsville, TX CSA 1.7 2.1 1.7 2.3 2.6 2.0

 MiamiऌFort LauderdaleऌPompano Beach, FL MSA 3.4 3.7 2.2 3.6 3.9 2.3

 WashingtonऌBaltimoreऌNorthern Virginia,

 DCऌMDऌVAऌWV CSA

2.4 2.5 2.2 2.8 3.3 3.0

Midwest

 ChicagoऌNapervilleऌMichigan City, ILऌINऌWI CSA 2.9 2.4 2.4 3.0 2.3 2.6

 DetroitऌWarrenऌFlint, MI CSA 1.8 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.8 3.2

 MinneapolisऌSt. PaulऌSt. Cloud, MNऌWI CSA .7 1.1 1.4 -.2 1.0 1.1

West

 Los AngelesऌLong BeachऌRiverside, CA CSA 2.6 3.6 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.3

 PhoenixऌMesaऌScottsdale, AZ MSA 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1

 San JoseऌSan FranciscoऌOakland, CA CSA 2.6 2.9 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.6

 SeattleऌTacomaऌOlympia, WA CSA 2.8 7.6 6.9 3.7 3.8 3.4

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

 2 Note that some of these areas are Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and others are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). 

 For more information on metropolitan area definitions, visit the U.S. Census Bureau's Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical

 Areas page on the Internet at https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html