Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-18-0637 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 27, 2018

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – March 2018 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.8 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 

period ending in March 2018, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and 

salaries (which make up about 70 percent of compensation costs) increased 0.9 percent, and 

benefits (which make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation) increased 0.7 percent. (See 

chart 1 and tables A, 1, 2, and 3.) 

Civilian Workers 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in 

March 2018 compared with a compensation costs increase of 2.4 percent in March 2017. Wages and 

salaries increased 2.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2018 and increased 2.5 

percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2017. Benefit costs increased 2.6 percent for the 

12-month period ending in March 2018. In March 2017, the increase was 2.2 percent. (See chart 2

and tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Private Industry Workers

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.8 percent over the year, a larger 

increase than the 2.3-percent increase in March 2017. Wages and salaries increased 2.9 percent for 

the current 12-month period and increased 2.6 percent in March 2017. The cost of benefits rose 2.5 

percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2018 and increased 1.9 percent in March 2017. 

(See charts 3 and 4 and tables A, 5, 9, and 12.) 

Chart 2. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, civilian workers, wages and salaries and 

benefits

Chart 1. Three-month percent change, seasonally 

adjusted, civilian workers, compensation 

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits
- 2 - 

Chart 5. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, state and local government, wages and salaries and 

benefits

Employer costs for health benefits increased 1.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 

2018. (For further information, see chart 3 and www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.) 

Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-

month period ending in March 2018 ranged from 2.6 percent for both management, professional, 

and related occupations and natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations to 3.3 

percent for production, transportation, and material moving occupations. (See table 5.) 

Among industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-

month period ending in March 2018 ranged from 2.3 percent for education and health services to 

3.3 percent for financial activities. (See table 5.) 

State and Local Government 

Compensation costs for state and local 

government workers increased 2.2 

percent for the 12-month period ending 

in March 2018. In March 2017, the 

increase was 2.6 percent. Wages and 

salaries increased 1.8 percent for the 12-

month period ending in March 2018, 

compared with 2.2 percent a year ago. 

Benefit costs increased 3.0 percent for 

the 12-month period ending in March 

2018. The prior year’s increase was 3.1 

percent. (See chart 5 and tables A, 7, 11, 

and 12.)

 

Chart 4. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, private industry, wages and salaries and 

benefits 

Chart 3. Twelve-month percent change, not 

seasonally adjusted, private industry, benefits and 

health benefits 

0

2

4

6

8

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Health benefits

Benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

Seasonal Factors and Updated Layout 

The 2018 seasonal factors for directly adjusted series and revised seasonally adjusted series for the 

past five years were released today, see www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectsfact.htm. 

With the July 31, 2018 release, the file format of tables 1-13 will be modified to improve usablity. 

The updated layout is available for review at www.bls.gov/ect/eci_table_changes_June_2018.htm.
- 3 - 

Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index

(Percent change) 

Category 

3-month,

seasonally adjusted 12-month, not seasonally adjusted 

 Dec. 

2017 

 Mar. 

2018

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017 

Dec.

2017 

Mar. 

2018

CIVILIAN

WORKERS1

Compensation2

Wages and salaries

Benefits

PRIVATE

INDUSTRY

Compensation2

Wages and salaries

Benefits

STATE AND

LOCAL

GOVERNMENT

Compensation2

Wages and salaries

Benefits

0.6 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.4 

0.7 

0.6 

0.9 

0.8 

0.9 

0.7 

1.0 

1.0 

0.8 

0.4 

0.4 

0.5 

2.4 

2.5 

2.2 

2.3 

2.6 

1.9 

2.6 

2.2 

3.1 

2.4 

2.3 

2.5 

2.4 

2.4 

2.2 

2.6 

2.1 

3.2 

2.5 

2.5 

2.4 

2.5 

2.6 

2.4 

2.4 

2.0 

3.0 

2.6 

2.5 

2.5 

2.6 

2.8 

2.3 

2.5 

2.1 

3.2 

2.7 

2.7 

2.6 

2.8 

2.9 

2.5 

2.2 

1.8 

3.0

1 Includes private industry and state and local government. 

2 Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

The Employment Cost Index for June 2018 is scheduled for release on Tuesday, July 31, 2018, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request—

Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

BLS news releases, including the Employment Cost Index, are available through an email 

subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.

For videos and information graphics explaining the Employment Cost Index and how it is used, see 

www.bls.gov/eci/videos.htm. 
- 4 - 

TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence 

of employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, 

coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation see National Compensation Measures 

Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm. 

Sample size 

Data for the March 2018 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 

27,300 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,600 private industry 

establishments and approximately 8,000 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 

1,400 state and local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. 

Standard errors 

To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of Employment Cost Index (ECI) series, standard errors 

of all current quarter estimates except seasonally adjusted series are also available, see 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an 

estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Historical listings 

Historical listings are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The continuous occupational and industry 

series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Occupational Classification 

System series from 1975 through 2005 and the North American Industry Classification System and 

Standard Occupational Classification from 2006 to the present. It provides the official series deemed 

continuous after the change in classification systems. For more information on the criteria used in 

defining continuous series, see the article published in the Monthly Labor Review at 

www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf. 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data 

The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs 

for Employee Compensation news release (ECEC). The ECEC release dates are available at 

www.bls.gov/schedule/2018/home.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents at 

www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than 

the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ 

from those in the ECI. 

Fixed Employment Weights 

For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see 

www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-theemployment-cost-index.htm.
- 5 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months endedऌ

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Civilian workers

All workerst 131.4 132.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriesu 129.0 130.0 .5 .6 .3 .6 .6 .5 .9 .5 .8

 Manufacturing 129.0 129.9 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5 .6 1.0 .5 .7

 Service-providing industriesी 131.9 133.1 .6 .6 .6 .5 .8 .5 .7 .5 .9

 Education and health services 131.5 132.4 .4 .6 .7 .5 .6 .5 .4 .6 .7

 Educational services 132.2 132.9 .5 .6 .9 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .5

 Elementary and secondary schools 132.1 132.8 .5 .6 .9 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

132.3 132.9 .3 .6 .6 .6 .8 .4 .5 .6 .5

 Health care and social assistance 130.9 132.0 .4 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .3 .6 .8

 Hospitals 131.7 132.4 .5 .6 .5 .7 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5

 Nursing and residential care facilities 128.1 129.1 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .8

 Public administration 135.9 136.2 .6 .5 .7 .5 .8 .6 .5 .9 .2

 Private industry workers

All workers 130.6 131.9 .6 .6 .5 .5 .8 .5 .8 .5 1.0

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 130.7 131.8 .4 .2 .6 .5 .7 .7 .5 .5 .8

 Management, business, and financial 131.8 133.2 .5 .2 .6 .9 .7 .8 .5 .5 1.1

 Professional and related 129.9 130.7 .5 .3 .5 .2 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6

 Sales and office 130.4 132.0 .7 1.0 .2 .5 .8 .2 1.0 .5 1.2

 Sales and related 125.9 128.1 .6 1.5 -.4 .1 1.1 -.2 1.4 .4 1.7

 Office and administrative support 133.6 134.8 .9 .6 .6 .7 .5 .6 .7 .5 .9

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 131.4 131.8 .5 .6 .3 .8 .5 .9 .7 .7 .3

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

131.6 132.3 .6 .9 .2 .9 .7 .6 .6 .5 .5

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 131.1 131.3 .4 .3 .6 .5 .3 1.1 .7 .8 .2

 Production, transportation, and material moving 131.2 132.4 .6 .6 .6 .7 .8 .6 1.1 .6 .9

 Production 129.3 130.2 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 1.0 .6 .7

 Transportation and material moving 133.7 135.3 .7 .6 .7 .9 .9 .5 1.1 .7 1.2

 Service occupations 131.1 132.5 .7 1.0 .8 .6 .9 .6 .6 .8 1.1

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriesu 128.9 130.0 .6 .6 .4 .6 .6 .5 .9 .5 .9

 Construction 128.7 129.9 .4 .7 .0 .8 .9 .5 .5 .5 .9

 Manufacturing 129.0 129.9 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5 .6 1.0 .5 .7

 Aircraft manufacturing 126.4 128.4 1.7 .5 -.8 1.2 1.5 .7 8.4 .5 1.6

 Service-providing industriesु 131.2 132.5 .6 .6 .6 .4 .8 .6 .7 .5 1.0

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 132.6 134.0 1.1 .7 .4 .5 1.0 .5 .8 .6 1.1

 Wholesale tradeू 128.7 130.0 .7 .6 -.1 -.1 1.5 .3 .8 .4 1.0

 Retail trade 133.0 134.5 1.5 .8 .6 .7 1.0 .4 .8 .6 1.1

 Transportation and warehousing 135.0 136.7 1.2 .6 .5 1.1 .6 .5 1.0 .8 1.3

 Utilities 141.8 143.4 .6 .5 .7 .8 .6 .5 .7 .6 1.1

 Information 128.6 129.4 .7 .0 .7 .6 .4 1.0 .7 .3 .6

 Financial activities 130.1 132.3 .4 .7 1.2 .6 .4 .9 .4 .2 1.7

 Finance and insurance 130.3 132.6 .2 .7 1.4 .5 .5 .9 .4 .2 1.8

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

129.2 130.8 .6 .3 1.4 .6 .6 .6 .4 -.1 1.2

 Insurance carriers and related activities 133.0 134.2 .4 .6 1.3 .3 .8 1.1 .0 .5 .9

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 6 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry ऌ Continued

 (Seasonally adjusted)

- 6 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry ऌ Continued

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months endedऌ

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Industry

 Real estate and rental and leasing 129.3 130.8 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.2 1.2

 Professional and business services 132.1 133.1 .5 .4 .2 .2 .7 .7 1.1 .5 .8

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 134.6 135.6 .6 .5 .0 .4 .8 .8 1.1 .4 .7

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

128.6 129.3 .3 .4 .3 -.6 .6 .6 1.3 .6 .5

 Education and health services 130.4 131.4 .4 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .3 .6 .8

 Educational services 131.0 131.7 .4 .6 .3 .7 .6 .3 .5 .6 .5

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

132.3 133.2 .4 .5 .4 .7 .6 .5 .6 .5 .7

 Health care and social assistance 130.2 131.4 .4 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .2 .6 .9

 Hospitals 131.4 132.0 .4 .6 .6 .7 .6 .4 .5 .5 .5

 Nursing and residential care facilities 126.5 127.5 .7 .6 .7 .7 .5 .6 .6 .6 .8

 Leisure and hospitality 130.6 132.4 .8 .9 1.0 .6 1.7 .5 .6 .7 1.4

 Accommodation and food services 131.4 133.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 .5 1.8 .6 .5 .7 1.4

 Other services, except public administration 131.5 132.9 .2 .9 .8 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 1.1

 State and local government workers

All workers 134.3 134.8 .5 .5 .8 .6 .6 .5 .7 .7 .4

 Industry

 Education and health services 132.9 133.6 .4 .6 .9 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5

 Educational services 132.6 133.2 .5 .6 .9 .5 .7 .5 .5 .7 .5

 Schools 132.5 133.1 .4 .6 .9 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5

 Elementary and secondary schools 132.5 133.2 .5 .6 1.0 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5

 Health care and social assistance 135.9 136.6 .7 .5 .5 .5 .3 .4 .9 .7 .5

 Hospitals 133.4 133.8 .6 .7 .5 .5 .3 .3 .9 .7 .3

 Public administration 135.9 136.2 .6 .5 .7 .5 .8 .6 .5 .9 .2

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

 5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

 6 The private wholesale trade industry compensation series is seasonal as of the 2018 seasonal adjustment revision. Historical data for this series are published beginning with 2002.
- 7 -

 Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months endedऌ

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Civilian workers

All workers{ 129.9 131.1 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.9

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriest 129.4 130.4 .6 .6 .5 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .8

 Manufacturing 129.5 130.4 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7

 Service-providing industriesu 130.1 131.3 .6 .6 .6 .5 .7 .6 .6 .6 .9

 Education and health services 127.9 128.8 .4 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .4 .6 .7

 Educational services 125.9 126.4 .4 .6 .6 .5 .6 .4 .5 .5 .4

 Elementary and secondary schools 124.5 125.1 .3 .5 .7 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .5

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

128.1 128.4 .4 .6 .6 .6 .8 .2 .5 .6 .2

 Health care and social assistance 130.2 131.5 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 .7 .3 .6 1.0

 Hospitals 130.9 131.5 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .5 .5 .6 .5

 Nursing and residential care facilities 127.3 128.5 .7 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .9

 Public administration 127.7 128.1 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .3

 Private industry workers

All workers 130.7 132.0 .6 .7 .5 .5 .9 .5 .8 .5 1.0

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 131.2 132.4 .6 .2 .6 .5 .6 .7 .4 .6 .9

 Management, business, and financial 132.4 133.9 .8 .0 .6 .9 .6 .7 .4 .7 1.1

 Professional and related 130.4 131.3 .6 .4 .6 .2 .6 .7 .4 .6 .7

 Sales and office 130.1 131.9 .6 1.2 .1 .3 1.0 .1 1.2 .5 1.4

 Sales and related 126.3 128.6 .3 1.6 -.7 .0 1.4 -.5 1.7 .5 1.9

 Office and administrative support 133.1 134.3 1.0 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .8 .6 .9

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 130.5 131.1 .7 .7 .3 .8 .6 .9 .7 .7 .5

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

130.5 131.2 .7 1.1 .0 1.2 .8 .5 .9 .5 .5

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 130.6 131.0 .6 .5 .6 .4 .6 1.0 .6 .8 .3

 Production, transportation, and material moving 131.0 132.3 .7 .8 .7 .8 .9 .6 1.0 .8 1.0

 Production 129.4 130.3 .7 .8 .6 .6 .7 .8 .9 .7 .7

 Transportation and material moving 132.9 134.6 .8 .9 .6 1.1 .9 .5 1.2 .8 1.3

 Service occupations 131.5 132.8 .8 1.0 1.0 .6 .9 .7 .7 1.0 1.0

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriest 129.4 130.5 .6 .7 .4 .6 .7 .6 .7 .5 .9

 Construction 128.3 129.7 .3 .8 .0 1.0 .9 .5 .6 .5 1.1

 Manufacturing 129.5 130.4 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7

 Aircraft manufacturing 139.4 140.4 .5 .8 .5 .8 .7 .7 .7 .6 .7

 Service-providing industriesी 131.1 132.5 .7 .6 .6 .5 .8 .6 .7 .6 1.1

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 131.4 133.0 .9 .8 .3 .6 1.3 .4 .8 .6 1.2

 Retail trade 133.4 135.0 .9 .9 .6 .8 1.3 .5 .8 .8 1.2

 Transportation and warehousing 133.5 135.4 1.2 .9 .6 1.3 .8 .5 1.0 .8 1.4

 Utilities 138.8 140.0 .5 .5 .9 .9 .7 .6 .4 .7 .9

 Information 127.7 128.6 1.2 .5 .8 .6 .1 1.0 .7 .3 .7

 Financial activities 131.0 133.4 .5 .9 1.2 .6 .2 .9 .5 .5 1.8

 Finance and insurance 131.7 134.3 .4 .8 1.3 .5 .2 1.0 .4 .5 2.0

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

128.3 130.0 .6 .5 1.1 .6 .6 .8 .6 .3 1.3

 Insurance carriers and related

 activities

132.4 133.7 .7 .9 1.4 .3 .5 1.3 -.3 .5 .9

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 8 -

 Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry ऌ Continued

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months endedऌ

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Industry

 Professional and business services 132.3 133.3 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.8

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 134.7 135.7 .9 .5 -.2 .5 .6 .6 1.3 .4 .8

 Education and health services 130.1 131.3 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .2 .7 .9

 Educational services 129.8 130.3 .6 .7 .2 .8 .6 .4 .5 .5 .4

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

130.4 131.1 .4 .6 .5 .8 .6 .4 .8 .5 .5

 Health care and social assistance 130.2 131.5 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 .7 .2 .7 1.0

 Hospitals 131.1 131.8 .5 .7 .6 .7 .6 .5 .5 .5 .6

 Nursing and residential care facilities 127.3 128.5 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .6 .6 .7 .9

 Leisure and hospitality 132.7 134.4 .8 1.0 1.1 .6 1.7 .5 .7 .9 1.3

 Accommodation and food services 133.3 135.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 .5 1.6 .7 .5 .8 1.4

 Other services, except public administration 132.0 133.3 .3 1.0 .8 .6 .5 .6 .7 .6 .9

State and local government workers

All workers 126.6 127.1 .4 .5 .6 .5 .6 .4 .5 .6 .4

 Industry

 Education and health services 125.7 126.2 .4 .5 .7 .4 .6 .4 .5 .5 .4

 Educational services 125.1 125.6 .4 .5 .7 .4 .6 .4 .5 .4 .4

 Schools 125.1 125.6 .4 .5 .7 .4 .6 .4 .4 .5 .4

 Elementary and secondary schools 124.4 125.0 .3 .4 .8 .2 .5 .6 .5 .3 .5

 Health care and social assistance 130.5 131.3 .5 .5 .4 .6 .5 .4 .9 .6 .6

 Hospitals 129.5 130.2 .5 .7 .3 .6 .5 .5 .9 .5 .5

 Public administration 127.7 128.1 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .3

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
- 9 -

 Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months endedऌ

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Civilian workers

All workers{ 134.7 135.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7

 Private industry workers

All workers 130.5 131.6 .5 .3 .6 .4 .6 .6 .7 .4 .8

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 129.5 130.4 .0 .2 .5 .5 .6 .7 .6 .5 .7

 Sales and office 131.2 132.3 1.0 .6 .5 .5 .3 .6 .5 .4 .8

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 133.1 133.4 .2 .3 .4 .5 .2 .8 .7 .5 .2

 Production, transportation, and material moving 131.6 132.6 .6 .3 .6 .5 .6 .5 1.2 .5 .8

 Service occupations 129.9 131.1 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .4 .5 .5 .9

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriest 128.0 129.0 .4 .5 .2 .3 .4 .5 1.2 .4 .8

 Manufacturing 128.1 129.1 .5 .5 .3 .2 .5 .5 1.7 .3 .8

 Service-providing industriesu 131.5 132.6 .5 .3 .5 .5 .7 .6 .5 .4 .8

 State and local government workers

All workers 149.6 150.3 .7 .6 1.1 .6 .8 .7 .8 .9 .5

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
- 10 -

 Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Civilian workers

All workerst 129.0 131.2 132.5 0.9 0.4 1.0 2.4 2.6 2.7

 Excluding incentive paid occupationsu 129.3 131.5 132.7 .9 .5 .9 2.5 2.6 2.6

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 129.1 131.2 132.2 .8 .4 .8 2.1 2.4 2.4

 Management, business, and financial 129.7 131.9 133.4 .8 .2 1.1 2.4 2.5 2.9

 Professional and related 128.7 130.8 131.6 .7 .5 .6 2.0 2.3 2.3

 Sales and office 128.6 130.6 132.4 .9 .2 1.4 2.4 2.5 3.0

 Sales and related 123.7 125.7 127.8 1.1 -.1 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.3

 Office and administrative support 131.6 133.7 135.2 .8 .5 1.1 2.5 2.5 2.7

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 128.9 131.6 132.2 .6 .5 .5 2.2 2.7 2.6

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

129.4 131.8 132.4 .6 .4 .5 2.6 2.5 2.3

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 128.3 131.4 132.0 .5 .5 .5 1.7 2.9 2.9

 Production, transportation, and material moving 128.6 131.4 132.9 .9 .4 1.1 2.8 3.1 3.3

 Production 126.7 129.4 130.5 .8 .5 .9 2.6 2.9 3.0

 Transportation and material moving 131.1 133.9 135.8 1.2 .4 1.4 3.1 3.3 3.6

 Service occupations 130.3 132.7 134.2 .9 .7 1.1 3.2 2.8 3.0

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriesी 126.5 128.9 129.9 .6 .4 .8 2.2 2.5 2.7

 Manufacturing 126.4 128.9 130.0 .7 .4 .9 2.2 2.7 2.8

 Service-providing industriesु 129.4 131.6 132.9 .9 .4 1.0 2.5 2.6 2.7

 Education and health services 129.4 131.5 132.3 .5 .5 .6 2.3 2.2 2.2

 Educational services 129.8 132.2 132.6 .5 .5 .3 2.6 2.3 2.2

 Elementary and secondary schools 129.5 132.1 132.5 .4 .5 .3 2.6 2.4 2.3

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

130.4 132.4 132.8 .7 .5 .3 2.7 2.2 1.8

 Health care and social assistance 129.1 130.9 132.1 .6 .6 .9 2.1 2.0 2.3

 Hospitals 129.8 131.7 132.4 .5 .5 .5 2.4 2.0 2.0

 Nursing and residential care facilities 125.7 127.9 129.1 .6 .6 .9 2.4 2.4 2.7

 Public administration 133.2 135.7 136.2 .9 .7 .4 2.5 2.8 2.3

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

 4 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
- 11 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group and

 industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 11 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group and

 industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Private industry workers

All workers 128.3 130.5 131.9 0.9 0.4 1.1 2.3 2.6 2.8

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 128.7 130.8 132.2 .9 .5 1.1 2.4 2.6 2.7

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 128.5 130.5 131.8 .9 .4 1.0 2.0 2.4 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 128.0 129.9 131.2 .9 .4 1.0 1.9 2.4 2.5

 Management, business, and financial 129.5 131.7 133.2 .9 .3 1.1 2.4 2.6 2.9

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 129.0 130.9 132.5 .9 .3 1.2 2.5 2.4 2.7

 Professional and related 127.8 129.6 130.8 .9 .4 .9 1.7 2.3 2.3

 Sales and office 128.1 130.1 132.0 1.0 .2 1.5 2.4 2.6 3.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 130.4 132.4 134.1 .9 .4 1.3 2.8 2.5 2.8

 Sales and related 123.6 125.5 127.7 1.1 -.2 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.3

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 128.4 130.5 132.3 1.1 .4 1.4 3.1 2.8 3.0

 Office and administrative support 131.4 133.3 135.0 .9 .4 1.3 2.6 2.4 2.7

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 128.5 131.2 131.8 .6 .5 .5 2.2 2.7 2.6

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

129.2 131.6 132.2 .6 .4 .5 2.7 2.5 2.3

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 127.7 130.9 131.3 .5 .5 .3 1.7 3.0 2.8

 Production, transportation, and material moving 128.3 131.0 132.5 1.0 .5 1.1 2.9 3.1 3.3

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 128.5 131.0 132.6 1.0 .5 1.2 2.8 3.0 3.2

 Production 126.5 129.2 130.2 .8 .5 .8 2.5 2.9 2.9

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 126.7 129.5 130.5 .7 .5 .8 2.5 2.9 3.0

 Transportation and material moving 130.6 133.4 135.4 1.2 .3 1.5 3.2 3.3 3.7

 Service occupations 128.6 130.9 132.7 1.1 .7 1.4 3.4 2.9 3.2

 Industry and occupational group

 Goods-producing industriesu 126.5 128.9 129.9 .6 .4 .8 2.2 2.5 2.7

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 126.9 129.3 130.3 .6 .5 .8 2.3 2.5 2.7

 Management, professional, and related 125.1 127.1 128.7 .7 .4 1.3 1.9 2.3 2.9

 Sales and office 127.2 129.4 130.4 -.1 -.2 .8 1.7 1.6 2.5

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

128.6 131.1 131.6 .7 .6 .4 2.5 2.7 2.3

 Production, transportation, and material moving 126.0 128.7 129.5 .7 .5 .6 2.4 2.9 2.8

 Construction 126.6 128.8 129.7 .6 .4 .7 2.5 2.4 2.4

 Manufacturing 126.4 128.9 130.0 .7 .4 .9 2.2 2.7 2.8

 Management, professional, and related 126.4 128.5 130.0 .9 .3 1.2 2.1 2.6 2.8

 Sales and office 129.0 131.3 132.4 .4 .3 .8 2.0 2.2 2.6

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

127.3 130.7 130.8 .1 .8 .1 1.6 2.8 2.7

 Production, transportation, and material 

 moving

125.6 128.3 129.2 .6 .4 .7 2.4 2.8 2.9

 Aircraft manufacturing 115.9 128.9 132.1 2.7 .0 2.5 2.3 14.2 14.0

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 12 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group

 and industry ऌ Continued

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 12 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group

 and industry ऌ Continued

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Service-providing industriesी 128.9 131.0 132.6 0.9 0.3 1.2 2.4 2.6 2.9

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 129.3 131.3 132.9 1.0 .4 1.2 2.5 2.6 2.8

 Management, professional, and related 129.1 131.1 132.4 .9 .3 1.0 2.0 2.4 2.6

 Sales and office 128.2 130.1 132.1 1.1 .2 1.5 2.5 2.6 3.0

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

128.3 131.4 132.0 .4 .2 .5 1.9 2.8 2.9

 Production, transportation, and material moving 131.0 133.8 135.9 1.2 .4 1.6 3.1 3.3 3.7

 Service occupations 128.6 130.9 132.6 1.1 .7 1.3 3.4 2.9 3.1

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 130.1 132.3 134.0 1.2 .3 1.3 2.7 3.0 3.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 130.8 132.9 134.5 1.1 .5 1.2 2.8 2.7 2.8

 Wholesale trade 126.8 128.6 130.0 1.6 .3 1.1 1.9 3.0 2.5

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 129.2 131.6 133.0 .9 .5 1.1 2.1 2.7 2.9

 Retail trade 130.4 132.8 134.3 1.0 .4 1.1 3.1 2.9 3.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 129.6 131.5 132.9 1.2 .4 1.1 3.3 2.7 2.5

 Transportation and warehousing 132.0 134.6 136.8 1.0 .3 1.6 2.9 3.0 3.6

 Utilities 139.3 141.2 143.5 1.1 .2 1.6 2.6 2.5 3.0

 Information 126.1 128.4 129.4 .6 .1 .8 1.8 2.4 2.6

 Financial activities 127.8 129.9 132.0 .3 .0 1.6 2.9 2.0 3.3

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 129.0 130.5 132.5 .9 -.1 1.5 2.5 2.1 2.7

 Finance and insurance 128.0 130.1 132.2 .3 .0 1.6 3.0 2.0 3.3

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

127.8 128.8 130.6 .8 -.5 1.4 3.1 1.6 2.2

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 132.0 132.8 134.8 1.4 -.4 1.5 3.0 2.0 2.1

 Insurance carriers and related activities 130.8 132.6 134.1 1.0 .1 1.1 3.1 2.4 2.5

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 129.8 131.5 133.0 1.1 .2 1.1 2.4 2.4 2.5

 Real estate and rental and leasing 127.1 129.3 130.9 .3 .1 1.2 2.5 2.1 3.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 130.2 132.3 134.0 .3 .1 1.3 2.1 1.9 2.9

 Professional and business services 129.4 131.9 133.3 1.1 .3 1.1 1.5 3.0 3.0

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 131.9 134.1 135.9 1.3 .1 1.3 1.6 3.0 3.0

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

125.3 128.5 129.3 .6 .5 .6 .6 3.1 3.2

 Education and health services 128.5 130.4 131.4 .5 .6 .8 2.1 2.0 2.3

 Educational services 129.0 131.1 131.5 .3 .5 .3 2.3 1.9 1.9

 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and 

 professional schools

130.0 132.5 133.0 .3 .4 .4 2.3 2.2 2.3

 Health care and social assistance 128.5 130.2 131.4 .7 .5 .9 2.1 2.0 2.3

 Hospitals 129.6 131.3 132.1 .7 .5 .6 2.5 2.0 1.9

 Nursing and residential care facilities 124.3 126.5 127.6 .6 .6 .9 2.6 2.4 2.7

 Nursing care facilitiest 124.0 126.3 127.1 .3 .6 .6 2.1 2.2 2.5

 Leisure and hospitality 128.5 130.3 132.6 2.1 .5 1.8 4.3 3.6 3.2

 Accommodation and food services 129.3 131.2 133.5 2.1 .6 1.8 4.5 3.6 3.2

 Other services, except public administration 129.2 131.3 132.9 .8 .2 1.2 2.9 2.4 2.9

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

 2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
- 13 -

 Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by bargaining status and

 census region and division

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 13 -

 Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by bargaining status and

 census region and division

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Bargaining status and census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Bargaining status

 Union 131.9 134.5 135.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.8 3.0 2.7

 Goods-producing industriest 128.4 131.8 132.3 .3 .5 .4 2.0 3.0 3.0

 Manufacturing 122.9 127.2 127.8 .1 .3 .5 1.5 3.6 4.0

 Service-providing industriesu 134.8 137.1 138.2 1.3 .7 .8 1.6 3.0 2.5

 Nonunion 127.8 129.9 131.4 .9 .3 1.2 2.5 2.6 2.8

 Goods-producing industriest 125.9 128.1 129.2 .6 .4 .9 2.2 2.4 2.6

 Manufacturing 127.3 129.5 130.7 .8 .4 .9 2.3 2.5 2.7

 Service-providing industriesu 128.2 130.4 132.0 .9 .3 1.2 2.4 2.6 3.0

 Census region and divisionी

 Northeast

130.2 132.0 133.7 1.2 .2 1.3 2.3 2.6 2.7

 New England 132.7 135.3 136.5 1.2 .3 .9 1.1 3.2 2.9

 Middle Atlantic 129.3 130.9 132.7 1.2 .2 1.4 2.7 2.4 2.6

 South 127.1 129.2 130.4 .7 .4 .9 1.6 2.4 2.6

 South Atlantic 128.7 131.1 132.3 .7 .5 .9 2.1 2.6 2.8

 East South Central 126.5 128.4 130.0 .8 -.3 1.2 2.8 2.3 2.8

 West South Central 124.4 126.4 127.4 .5 .4 .8 .2 2.1 2.4

 Midwest 126.8 128.5 129.8 .9 .4 1.0 2.8 2.2 2.4

 East North Central 125.2 127.0 128.4 .9 .4 1.1 2.7 2.3 2.6

 West North Central 130.8 132.1 133.3 .8 .3 .9 3.1 1.8 1.9

 West 129.9 132.9 134.6 1.0 .5 1.3 2.9 3.3 3.6

 Mountain 127.5 130.0 131.7 .9 .5 1.3 2.7 2.8 3.3

 Pacific 130.9 134.2 135.9 1.0 .4 1.3 3.0 3.5 3.8

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

 4 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New

 Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West

 Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central:

 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:

 Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

 NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
- 14 -

 Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for State and local government workers, by occupational

 group and industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 14 -

 Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for State and local government workers, by occupational

 group and industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 State and local government workers

All workers 131.7 134.2 134.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 2.6 2.5 2.2

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 130.6 133.0 133.4 .6 .5 .3 2.6 2.5 2.1

 Professional and related 130.4 132.8 133.2 .5 .5 .3 2.6 2.4 2.1

 Sales and office 133.2 135.7 136.3 .6 .7 .4 2.3 2.5 2.3

 Office and administrative support 133.3 135.7 136.3 .7 .6 .4 2.4 2.5 2.3

 Service occupations 134.4 137.0 137.6 .7 .7 .4 2.7 2.6 2.4

 Industry

 Education and health services 130.4 132.9 133.3 .5 .5 .3 2.6 2.4 2.2

 Educational services 130.1 132.5 132.9 .5 .5 .3 2.8 2.4 2.2

 Schools 130.0 132.4 132.9 .5 .5 .4 2.7 2.3 2.2

 Elementary and secondary schools 129.8 132.5 132.9 .4 .5 .3 2.7 2.5 2.4

 Health care and social assistance 133.3 135.8 136.6 .4 .6 .6 1.8 2.3 2.5

 Hospitals 130.9 133.4 133.9 .3 .6 .4 2.0 2.2 2.3

 Public administration 133.2 135.7 136.2 .9 .7 .4 2.5 2.8 2.3

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
- 15 -

 Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Civilian workers

All workers{ 127.6 129.8 131.1 0.8 0.4 1.0 2.5 2.5 2.7

 Excluding incentive paid occupationst 127.7 129.9 131.1 .8 .5 .9 2.6 2.5 2.7

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 127.6 129.6 130.6 .6 .4 .8 2.1 2.2 2.4

 Management, business, and financial 129.3 131.7 133.0 .5 .4 1.0 2.2 2.3 2.9

 Professional and related 126.6 128.5 129.3 .7 .4 .6 1.9 2.2 2.1

 Sales and office 127.4 129.5 131.4 1.1 .2 1.5 2.6 2.8 3.1

 Sales and related 123.7 125.8 128.2 1.3 -.2 1.9 2.3 3.0 3.6

 Office and administrative support 130.0 132.0 133.5 .9 .5 1.1 2.8 2.5 2.7

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 127.4 130.3 130.8 .6 .5 .4 2.5 2.9 2.7

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

127.7 130.2 130.8 .9 .5 .5 3.2 2.8 2.4

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 127.3 130.5 130.8 .5 .5 .2 2.0 3.0 2.7

 Production, transportation, and material moving 128.0 130.8 132.3 1.0 .5 1.1 3.3 3.2 3.4

 Production 126.8 129.5 130.6 .9 .5 .8 3.1 3.0 3.0

 Transportation and material moving 129.5 132.3 134.3 1.3 .4 1.5 3.6 3.4 3.7

 Service occupations 128.3 130.8 132.4 1.0 .8 1.2 3.4 3.0 3.2

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriesu 127.0 129.3 130.4 .7 .5 .9 2.5 2.5 2.7

 Manufacturing 127.1 129.3 130.4 .7 .5 .9 2.5 2.5 2.6

 Service-providing industriesी 127.7 129.9 131.2 .9 .4 1.0 2.5 2.6 2.7

 Education and health services 126.0 128.0 128.7 .5 .5 .5 2.2 2.1 2.1

 Educational services 124.1 126.0 126.3 .3 .3 .2 2.2 1.9 1.8

 Elementary and secondary schools 122.7 124.6 124.9 .2 .2 .2 2.0 1.8 1.8

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

126.3 128.2 128.4 .6 .5 .2 2.6 2.2 1.7

 Health care and social assistance 128.2 130.2 131.5 .6 .6 1.0 2.2 2.2 2.6

 Hospitals 128.8 130.9 131.5 .6 .6 .5 2.5 2.3 2.1

 Nursing and residential care facilities 124.8 127.3 128.5 .7 .6 .9 2.7 2.7 3.0

 Public administration 125.9 127.7 128.3 .8 .6 .5 2.4 2.2 1.9

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public adminstration.
- 16 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Private industry workers

All workers 128.3 130.6 132.0 0.9 0.5 1.1 2.6 2.8 2.9

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.5 130.7 132.1 .9 .5 1.1 2.6 2.7 2.8

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 129.0 131.1 132.3 .7 .5 .9 2.1 2.3 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.2 130.1 131.3 .8 .5 .9 2.1 2.3 2.4

 Management, business, and financial 129.9 132.3 133.7 .5 .4 1.1 2.2 2.4 2.9

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.9 130.8 132.3 .7 .4 1.1 2.4 2.2 2.6

 Professional and related 128.2 130.2 131.3 .8 .5 .8 1.7 2.4 2.4

 Sales and office 127.7 129.8 131.8 1.2 .2 1.5 2.7 2.9 3.2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 129.9 132.2 133.9 1.1 .5 1.3 3.1 2.9 3.1

 Sales and related 123.8 125.9 128.2 1.3 -.1 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.5 131.0 132.9 1.2 .4 1.5 3.5 3.1 3.4

 Office and administrative support 130.7 132.9 134.5 .9 .5 1.2 2.8 2.6 2.9

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 127.5 130.4 130.9 .6 .5 .4 2.6 2.9 2.7

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

127.9 130.4 131.1 .8 .4 .5 3.1 2.8 2.5

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 127.2 130.5 130.8 .5 .6 .2 1.9 3.1 2.8

 Production, transportation, and material moving 128.0 130.7 132.3 1.1 .5 1.2 3.3 3.2 3.4

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.3 130.8 132.5 1.1 .5 1.3 3.2 3.1 3.3

 Production 126.5 129.3 130.4 .9 .5 .9 2.8 3.1 3.1

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 126.8 129.5 130.7 1.0 .5 .9 2.9 3.1 3.1

 Transportation and material moving 129.7 132.6 134.7 1.2 .4 1.6 3.7 3.5 3.9

 Service occupations 128.6 131.3 133.0 1.2 .8 1.3 3.7 3.3 3.4

 Industry and occupational group

 Goods-producing industriest 127.1 129.3 130.4 .7 .4 .9 2.6 2.5 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 127.6 129.8 130.9 .8 .5 .8 2.7 2.5 2.6

 Management, professional, and related 127.7 129.0 130.7 .8 .4 1.3 2.2 1.8 2.3

 Sales and office 127.3 129.9 130.8 -.2 -.2 .7 1.8 1.9 2.7

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

127.8 130.4 131.0 .9 .7 .5 2.9 3.0 2.5

 Production, transportation, and material moving 126.1 128.8 129.8 .8 .5 .8 2.9 3.0 2.9

 Construction 126.1 128.4 129.5 .6 .4 .9 2.7 2.5 2.7

 Manufacturing 127.1 129.3 130.4 .7 .5 .9 2.5 2.5 2.6

 Management, professional, and related 128.3 129.6 130.9 .8 .3 1.0 2.3 1.8 2.0

 Sales and office 128.7 131.6 132.6 .5 .6 .8 2.1 2.7 3.0

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

128.0 131.0 131.3 .4 .9 .2 2.3 2.7 2.6

 Production, transportation, and material 

 moving

125.8 128.5 129.5 .8 .5 .8 2.8 3.0 2.9

 Aircraft manufacturing 137.4 138.4 141.1 2.0 -.1 2.0 2.8 2.7 2.7

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 17 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry ऌ Continued

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 17 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry ऌ Continued

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Service-providing industriesu 128.6 131.0 132.5 0.9 0.5 1.1 2.5 2.8 3.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.8 131.0 132.5 .9 .5 1.1 2.6 2.7 2.9

 Management, professional, and related 129.2 131.4 132.6 .7 .4 .9 2.0 2.4 2.6

 Sales and office 127.7 129.8 131.9 1.3 .3 1.6 2.7 2.9 3.3

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

127.2 130.5 130.9 .3 .2 .3 2.1 2.9 2.9

 Production, transportation, and material moving 130.0 132.9 135.0 1.3 .5 1.6 3.7 3.6 3.8

 Service occupations 128.6 131.2 133.0 1.2 .8 1.4 3.7 3.2 3.4

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 128.9 131.2 132.9 1.4 .3 1.3 3.0 3.2 3.1

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 129.3 131.4 133.0 1.3 .5 1.2 3.4 2.9 2.9

 Wholesale trade 124.3 126.0 127.3 2.0 .2 1.0 2.0 3.4 2.4

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 125.8 128.2 129.5 1.0 .5 1.0 2.4 2.9 2.9

 Retail trade 130.5 133.2 134.7 1.2 .5 1.1 3.6 3.3 3.2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 129.3 131.4 132.8 1.4 .5 1.1 3.9 3.1 2.7

 Transportation and warehousing 130.6 133.1 135.4 1.2 .2 1.7 3.6 3.1 3.7

 Utilities 136.7 138.2 140.2 1.3 .2 1.4 2.9 2.4 2.6

 Information 125.0 127.5 128.4 .1 .1 .7 2.0 2.1 2.7

 Financial activities 128.2 130.9 133.0 .0 .3 1.6 2.9 2.1 3.7

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 129.1 130.9 133.0 .7 .2 1.6 2.3 2.1 3.0

 Finance and insurance 128.8 131.6 133.8 .0 .4 1.7 2.9 2.2 3.9

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

126.1 128.0 129.9 .7 .1 1.5 2.8 2.2 3.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 130.4 132.0 134.1 1.3 .2 1.6 2.7 2.6 2.8

 Insurance carriers and related activities 130.2 132.1 133.5 .6 .2 1.1 3.2 2.1 2.5

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.4 129.8 131.3 .8 .2 1.2 2.4 1.9 2.3

 Real estate and rental and leasing 125.6 128.2 129.8 .2 .2 1.2 2.7 2.2 3.3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations{ 128.9 131.3 133.0 .2 .2 1.3 2.2 2.1 3.2

 Professional and business services 129.5 132.0 133.5 .9 .3 1.1 1.4 2.9 3.1

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 132.1 134.2 136.1 1.3 .1 1.4 1.5 2.9 3.0

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

126.0 129.6 130.3 .6 .7 .5 .7 3.4 3.4

 Education and health services 128.1 130.1 131.2 .6 .6 .8 2.3 2.2 2.4

 Educational services 127.7 130.0 130.1 .2 .5 .1 2.4 2.0 1.9

 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and 

 professional schools

128.0 130.7 130.9 .2 .5 .2 2.5 2.3 2.3

 Health care and social assistance 128.1 130.2 131.5 .6 .7 1.0 2.2 2.3 2.7

 Hospitals 129.1 131.1 131.8 .6 .6 .5 2.6 2.2 2.1

 Nursing and residential care facilities 124.8 127.3 128.5 .8 .7 .9 3.0 2.8 3.0

 Nursing care facilities{ 124.5 127.0 127.9 .5 .6 .7 2.6 2.5 2.7

 Leisure and hospitality 130.1 132.3 134.7 2.1 .7 1.8 4.6 3.8 3.5

 Accommodation and food services 130.9 133.0 135.4 2.1 .7 1.8 4.8 3.7 3.4

 Other services, except public administration 129.5 131.8 133.2 .6 .2 1.1 2.9 2.4 2.9

 1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
- 18 -

 Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and

 census region and division

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Bargaining status and census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Bargaining status

 Union 128.6 130.9 131.6 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.7 2.8 2.3

 Goods-producing industries{ 125.2 127.6 127.9 .4 .6 .2 2.4 2.3 2.2

 Manufacturing 122.7 125.2 125.7 .3 .6 .4 2.1 2.4 2.4

 Service-providing industriest 131.0 133.3 134.2 1.2 .8 .7 1.5 3.0 2.4

 Nonunion 128.2 130.6 132.1 .9 .5 1.1 2.6 2.8 3.0

 Goods-producing industries{ 127.5 129.8 131.0 .7 .4 .9 2.6 2.5 2.7

 Manufacturing 128.1 130.3 131.4 .8 .5 .8 2.6 2.5 2.6

 Service-providing industriest 128.4 130.8 132.4 .9 .4 1.2 2.6 2.7 3.1

 Census region and divisionu

 Northeast 129.7 131.7 133.4 1.1 .2 1.3 2.2 2.7 2.9

 New England 134.1 136.8 138.0 1.5 .3 .9 .9 3.6 2.9

 Middle Atlantic 128.0 129.8 131.7 .9 .2 1.5 2.7 2.3 2.9

 South 127.7 130.1 131.3 .8 .5 .9 1.8 2.7 2.8

 South Atlantic 129.2 132.0 133.3 .7 .7 1.0 2.2 2.9 3.2

 East South Central 126.7 128.6 130.3 1.0 -.4 1.3 3.0 2.5 2.8

 West South Central 125.4 127.5 128.5 .7 .3 .8 .5 2.4 2.5

 Midwest 126.4 128.1 129.4 .9 .5 1.0 3.2 2.2 2.4

 East North Central 124.5 126.5 127.9 .9 .5 1.1 3.1 2.5 2.7

 West North Central 131.0 132.1 133.2 .9 .4 .8 3.6 1.8 1.7

 West 129.8 132.9 134.6 .9 .5 1.3 3.2 3.3 3.7

 Mountain 128.0 130.8 132.5 .8 .6 1.3 2.9 3.0 3.5

 Pacific 130.7 133.8 135.5 .9 .5 1.3 3.3 3.3 3.7

 1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 2 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

 3 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New

 Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West

 Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central:

 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:

 Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

 NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
- 19 -

 Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for State and local government workers, by occupational

 group and industry

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 State and local government workers

All workers 124.7 126.7 127.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.2 2.1 1.8

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 124.0 125.9 126.2 .5 .4 .2 2.1 2.0 1.8

 Professional and related 123.8 125.7 126.0 .4 .4 .2 2.1 1.9 1.8

 Sales and office 124.6 126.2 126.6 .6 .6 .3 2.1 1.9 1.6

 Office and administrative support 125.0 126.6 127.0 .6 .6 .3 2.1 1.9 1.6

 Service occupations 127.2 129.3 130.0 .6 .5 .5 2.3 2.2 2.2

 Industry

 Education and health services 123.9 125.8 126.1 .4 .3 .2 2.1 1.9 1.8

 Educational services 123.4 125.2 125.5 .4 .2 .2 2.2 1.9 1.7

 Schools{ 123.4 125.2 125.5 .4 .3 .2 2.2 1.9 1.7

 Elementary and secondary schools 122.6 124.6 124.9 .2 .2 .2 2.0 1.9 1.9

 Health care and social assistance 128.1 130.6 131.3 .4 .7 .5 1.8 2.4 2.5

 Hospitals 127.1 129.7 130.2 .4 .7 .4 2.1 2.4 2.4

 Public administration 125.9 127.7 128.3 .8 .6 .5 2.4 2.2 1.9

 1 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional schools.
- 20 -

 Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes forऌ

Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months endedऌ 12-months endedऌ

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

 Civilian workers

All workers{ 132.2 134.4 135.7 0.8 0.3 1.0 2.2 2.5 2.6

 Private industry workers

All workers 128.4 130.2 131.6 .9 .2 1.1 1.9 2.3 2.5

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 127.4 129.1 130.6 1.1 .2 1.2 1.8 2.5 2.5

 Sales and office 129.3 130.8 132.4 .7 .0 1.2 2.0 1.9 2.4

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 130.5 132.9 133.5 .5 .4 .5 1.6 2.3 2.3

 Production, transportation, and material moving 128.8 131.4 132.6 .7 .3 .9 2.0 2.7 3.0

 Service occupations 128.3 129.7 131.3 .9 .4 1.2 2.3 2.0 2.3

 Industry

 Goods-producing industriest 125.4 128.0 129.0 .4 .3 .8 1.5 2.5 2.9

 Manufacturing 125.0 128.0 129.1 .6 .2 .9 1.5 3.0 3.3

 Aircraft manufacturing 92.9 118.3 122.2 3.7 .1 3.3 1.4 32.0 31.5

 Service-providing industriesu 129.6 131.2 132.7 1.0 .2 1.1 2.0 2.3 2.4

 Bargaining status

 Union 137.4 140.6 141.7 1.0 .5 .8 1.8 3.3 3.1

 Nonunion 126.6 128.2 129.6 .9 .2 1.1 1.9 2.2 2.4

 State and local government workers

All workers 146.0 149.7 150.4 .7 .7 .5 3.1 3.2 3.0

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
- 21 -

 Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 and wages and salaries, for

 private industry workers, by area

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 21 -

 Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 and wages and salaries, for

 private industry workers, by area

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

Percent changes for 12 months endedऌ

Census region and metropolitan areat Total compensation Wages and salaries

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Northeast

 BostonऌWorcesterऌManchester, MAऌNH CSA 2.6 2.4 2.0 3.0 2.2 1.7

 New YorkऌNewarkऌBridgeport, NYऌNJऌCTऌPA CSA 2.9 2.4 2.8 3.2 2.4 3.1

 PhiladelphiaऌCamdenऌVineland, PAऌNJऌDEऌMD

 CSA

3.0 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.7

South

 AtlantaऌSandy SpringsऌGainesville, GAऌAL CSA 2.8 1.4 1.1 3.0 1.5 1.7

 DallasऌFort Worth, TX CSA 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.8 3.2 2.2

 HoustonऌBaytownऌHuntsville, TX CSA 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.3

 MiamiऌFort LauderdaleऌPompano Beach, FL MSA 3.2 2.2 2.4 3.1 2.3 2.7

 WashingtonऌBaltimoreऌNorthern Virginia,

 DCऌMDऌVAऌWV CSA

2.3 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.8

Midwest

 ChicagoऌNapervilleऌMichigan City, ILऌINऌWI CSA 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.9

 DetroitऌWarrenऌFlint, MI CSA 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.5 3.2 2.8

 MinneapolisऌSt. PaulऌSt. Cloud, MNऌWI CSA 2.9 1.4 3.5 2.9 1.1 3.9

West

 Los AngelesऌLong BeachऌRiverside, CA CSA 2.5 3.7 3.2 2.7 3.3 3.1

 PhoenixऌMesaऌScottsdale, AZ MSA 2.8 2.7 3.6 3.1 3.1 4.0

 San JoseऌSan FranciscoऌOakland, CA CSA 3.0 3.4 4.4 3.3 3.6 4.9

 SeattleऌTacomaऌOlympia, WA CSA 2.4 6.9 7.2 3.6 3.4 3.6

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

 2 Note that some of these areas are Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and others are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). 

 For more information on metropolitan area definitions, visit the U.S. Census Bureau's Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical

 Areas page on the Internet at https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html