For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, May 7, 2013 USDL-13-0846 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2013

There were 3.8 million job openings on the last business day of March, little changed from 3.9 million in 

February, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.2 percent) and separations 

rate (3.1 percent) were little changed in March. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of 

job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region. 

Job Openings

The number of job openings in March was 3.8 million, little changed from February. (See table 1.) In 

March, the number of job openings was little changed in all industries and regions. 

The number of job openings in March (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the year for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. Job openings decreased over the year for nondurable goods 

manufacturing and federal government; openings increased over the year for accommodation and food 

services. Job openings were little changed over the year for all regions. (See table 7.) 

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

April 2010 - March 2013

2013 2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Hires

Separations

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

April 2010 - March 2013

2013
- 2 - 

Hires

In March, the hires rate was little changed at 3.2 percent. The hires rate decreased in retail trade and in 

the South. (See table 2.) 

Over the 12 months ending in March, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. The hires rate decreased in durable goods manufacturing; 

nondurable goods manufacturing; and arts, entertainment, and recreation. The hires rate decreased in the 

Midwest. (See table 8.) 

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total ......................................................3,848 3,899 3,844 4,435 4,451 4,259 4,180 4,180 4,213

Total private 1....................................... 3,453 3,478 3,451 4,133 4,138 3,966 3,885 3,884 3,920

Construction....................................... 96 116 101 323 353 338 313 322 331

Manufacturing.................................... 324 274 260 259 231 200 220 225 205

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2......... 641 644 694 862 936 818 836 863 841

Retail trade..................................... 410 396 424 577 651 554 566 583 569

Professional and business services......... 786 709 664 896 845 869 849 770 821

Education and health services 3............ 680 672 643 514 499 515 462 482 490

 Health care and social assistance...... 614 612 577 432 437 434 400 413 416

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 433 488 523 813 762 754 763 730 750

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 52 52 66 159 116 112 140 103 106

Accommodation and food services...... 381 437 457 654 646 642 622 627 643

Government 4....................................... 396 421 393 301 313 293 294 296 293

State and local.................................... 326 357 348 271 266 262 264 251 250

Total ...................................................... 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1

Total private 1

....................................... 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5

Construction....................................... 1.7 2.0 1.7 5.7 6.1 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.7

Manufacturing.................................... 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2......... 2.5 2.4 2.6 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3

Retail trade.................................... 2.7 2.6 2.7 3.9 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8

Professional and business services......... 4.2 3.7 3.5 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.2 4.5

Education and health services 3............ 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.4

 Health care and social assistance...... 3.5 3.4 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 3.1 3.4 3.6 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.2 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 2.5 2.5 3.2 8.0 5.8 5.6 7.1 5.2 5.3

Accommodation and food services...... 3.2 3.5 3.7 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.4

Government 4....................................... 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local.................................... 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not show n separately.

 2 Includes w holesale trade and transportation, w arehousing, and utilities, not show n separately.

 3 Includes educational services, not show n separately.

 4 Includes federal government, not show n separately.

 p Preliminary

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)
- 3 - 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations also is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In March, the quits rate was little changed at 1.6 percent. The quits rate also was little changed for total 

private and government. The quits rate decreased in the South. (See table 4.)

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending in March

for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The quits level was little changed in all industries and 

regions. (See table 10.)

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels and for the four regions. The layoffs and discharges rate was little 

changed in March at 1.3 percent. The rate was little changed for total private, government, and all four 

regions. (See table 5.)

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total 

private, and government over the 12 months ending in March 2013. Over the year, the number of layoffs 

and discharges fell in mining and logging and rose in federal government. The number of layoffs and 

discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 11.) 

In March, there were 359,000 other separations for total nonfarm, little changed from the previous 

month. The number of other separations for total private and government was little changed. (See table

6.) Over the 12 months ending in March, the number of other separations was essentially unchanged for 

total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table 12.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in March 2013, hires totaled 51.8 million 

and separations totaled 50.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.7 million. These figures 

include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for April 2013 are scheduled to be released

on Tuesday, June 11, 2013 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,400 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which 

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees 

program. 

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements. 

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations. 

Seasonal adjustment 

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series. 

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method. 

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request. 

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation. 

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p

Total ................................................... 3,848 3,646 3,789 3,612 3,611 3,899 3,844 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 3,453 3,295 3,421 3,235 3,194 3,478 3,451 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.0

Construction.................................... 96 100 96 95 104 116 101 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.7

Manufacturing................................. 324 265 271 242 253 274 260 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 641 618 731 704 645 644 694 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.6

Retail trade................................. 410 392 475 436 390 396 424 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7

Professional and business services...... 786 661 649 575 690 709 664 4.2 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.5

Education and health services 6......... 680 667 691 670 579 672 643 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.7 3.2 3.0

 Health care and social assistance... 614 611 633 602 524 612 577 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.2

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 433 438 481 453 453 488 523 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 52 49 52 59 52 52 66 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.5 3.2

Accommodation and food services... 381 389 428 394 401 437 457 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.7

Government 7.................................... 396 350 368 377 417 421 393 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8

State and local............................... 326 289 301 313 340 357 348 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8

REGION 8

Northeast ....................................... 682 643 674 661 668 700 676 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6

South .......................................... 1,500 1,434 1,434 1,364 1,441 1,547 1,494 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.0

Midwest ....................................... 879 829 912 838 723 831 818 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.6

West ............................................. 788 740 769 749 778 821 855 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 6 Includes educational services, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. p Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p

Total ................................................... 4,435 4,287 4,420 4,195 4,298 4,451 4,259 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 4,133 4,031 4,134 3,915 4,015 4,138 3,966 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5

Construction.................................... 323 318 386 280 326 353 338 5.7 5.6 6.8 4.9 5.7 6.1 5.8

Manufacturing................................. 259 234 234 236 219 231 200 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 862 911 900 890 868 936 818 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.2

Retail trade................................. 577 617 597 600 586 651 554 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.3 3.7

Professional and business services...... 896 864 912 798 878 845 869 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.7

Education and health services 6......... 514 489 471 506 507 499 515 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5

 Health care and social assistance... 432 420 421 431 443 437 434 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 813 752 697 759 747 762 754 5.9 5.4 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 159 125 108 130 104 116 112 8.0 6.3 5.4 6.5 5.2 5.8 5.6

Accommodation and food services... 654 627 589 629 643 646 642 5.6 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4

Government 7.................................... 301 255 286 280 283 313 293 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local............................... 271 225 256 246 249 266 262 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

REGION 8

Northeast ....................................... 713 637 736 687 675 716 695 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7

South .......................................... 1,749 1,729 1,645 1,660 1,787 1,843 1,656 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.4

Midwest ....................................... 1,015 931 1,013 924 906 848 870 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8

West ............................................. 957 990 1,026 924 930 1,044 1,038 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.5

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 6

 Includes educational services, not shown separately. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of 7

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

total employment. 8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal p Preliminary

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p

Total ................................................... 4,180 4,079 4,179 4,062 4,173 4,180 4,213 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................3,885 3,751 3,885 3,772 3,872 3,884 3,920 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5

Construction.................................... 313 288 359 263 315 322 331 5.6 5.1 6.3 4.6 5.5 5.6 5.7

Manufacturing................................. 220 220 229 231 215 225 205 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 836 828 774 840 854 863 841 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Retail trade................................. 566 551 512 595 580 583 569 3.8 3.7 3.4 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8

Professional and business services...... 849 784 849 813 845 770 821 4.8 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.2 4.5

Education and health services 6............ 462 456 465 468 486 482 490 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4

 Health care and social assistance.... 400 384 402 402 417 413 416 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 763 726 694 729 715 730 750 5.6 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 140 113 109 125 101 103 106 7.1 5.7 5.5 6.3 5.1 5.2 5.3

Accommodation and food services... 622 613 584 604 614 627 643 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.4

Government 7....................................... 294 328 294 290 302 296 293 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3

State and local.................................. 264 291 255 251 259 251 250 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3

REGION 8

Northeast....................................... 642 666 656 663 724 682 719 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.8

South............................................. 1,683 1,628 1,585 1,609 1,587 1,712 1,615 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3

Midwest.......................................... 943 851 982 894 849 874 873 3.1 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8

West............................................. 912 933 956 895 1,013 911 1,006 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.4

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 6

 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

month. 7

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 

entire month as a percent of total employment. p

 Preliminary 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p

Total ................................................... 2,152 2,079 2,140 2,126 2,260 2,286 2,160 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................2,021 1,929 2,010 1,999 2,128 2,159 2,028 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8

Construction.................................... 76 93 90 68 134 106 92 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.2 2.3 1.8 1.6

Manufacturing................................. 104 96 106 116 98 102 97 .9 .8 .9 1.0 .8 .9 .8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 467 461 465 452 491 501 448 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7

Retail trade................................. 336 318 344 328 362 354 321 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.1

Professional and business services...... 392 360 394 413 375 385 391 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1

Education and health services 6............ 272 255 280 273 299 289 280 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4

 Health care and social assistance.... 242 226 247 248 264 255 251 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 471 437 442 451 472 491 475 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 49 43 42 38 47 54 55 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.7 2.7

Accommodation and food services... 422 394 400 413 426 437 421 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5

Government 7....................................... 131 150 130 127 132 127 132 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6

State and local.................................. 119 137 119 115 121 116 121 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6

REGION 8

Northeast ....................................... 280 290 292 315 352 311 295 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1

South ............................................. 890 875 883 892 908 1,034 896 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8

Midwest .......................................... 501 452 496 454 479 469 466 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5

West ............................................. 482 462 469 465 522 472 503 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.7

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 6

 Includes educational services, not shown separately. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a 7

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p Preliminary

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p

Total ................................................... 1,704 1,672 1,705 1,569 1,520 1,572 1,693 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 1,603 1,559 1,611 1,479 1,430 1,467 1,591 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

Construction.................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services...... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services 6......... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

 Health care and social assistance... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality ..................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government 7.................................... 100 113 94 89 90 104 102 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5

State and local............................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION 8

Northeast....................................... 291 320 310 284 284 300 357 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4

South............................................. 681 621 582 557 532 561 589 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

Midwest.......................................... 371 332 397 357 298 334 329 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1

West............................................. 360 398 416 370 406 376 418 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the 6

 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

entire month. 7

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during 8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 

the entire month as a percent of total employment. p

 Preliminary 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent – Data not available.

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

not shown separately.

Table 6. Other separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013p

Total ................................................... 324 328 334 367 393 323 359 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 .3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 261 263 264 293 314 258 301 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 .3

Construction.................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services...... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services 6......... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

 Health care and social assistance... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality ..................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government 7.................................... 63 65 70 74 79 66 59 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3

State and local............................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION 8

Northeast ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

South .......................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Midwest ....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

West ............................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 6

 Includes educational services, not shown separately. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire 7

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

month as a percent of total employment. 8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p Preliminary

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. – Data not available. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

not shown separately.

Industry and region

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates
Table 7. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total............................................................ 3,802 3,689 3,869 2.8 2.7 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 3,410 3,284 3,482 3.0 2.9 3.0

Mining and logging.................................... 14 24 15 1.6 2.8 1.8

Construction............................................. 94 110 99 1.7 2.0 1.8

Manufacturing.......................................... 324 269 264 2.7 2.2 2.2

Durable goods....................................... 204 172 184 2.7 2.3 2.4

Nondurable goods.................................... 119 97 80 2.6 2.1 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 621 578 687 2.4 2.2 2.6

Wholesale trade....................................... 120 108 150 2.1 1.9 2.6

Retail trade............................................. 381 332 406 2.5 2.2 2.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 120 139 131 2.4 2.7 2.6

Information................................................ 101 89 102 3.6 3.2 3.6

Financial activities...................................... 234 296 277 2.9 3.6 3.4

Finance and insurance.............................. 189 231 229 3.2 3.8 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 45 65 48 2.3 3.2 2.4

Professional and business services............... 758 691 654 4.1 3.7 3.5

Education and health services..................... 671 652 636 3.2 3.1 3.0

Educational services................................. 63 56 66 1.8 1.6 1.8

Health care and social assistance............... 608 595 571 3.5 3.4 3.2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 461 459 577 3.3 3.3 4.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 52 51 69 2.8 2.8 3.6

Accommodation and food services............ 409 408 508 3.4 3.4 4.1

Other services.......................................... 132 116 170 2.4 2.1 3.0

Government................................................ 392 405 387 1.7 1.8 1.7

Federal................................................... 79 67 50 2.7 2.4 1.8

State and local........................................... 313 338 338 1.6 1.7 1.7

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 659 643 666 2.6 2.5 2.5

South...................................................... 1,489 1,498 1,515 3.0 3.0 3.0

Midwest................................................... 892 780 844 2.9 2.5 2.7

West...................................................... 762 768 845 2.6 2.6 2.8

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings. 3 See footnote 8, table 1.

 p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 8. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total............................................................ 4,210 3,661 4,049 3.2 2.7 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 3,997 3,434 3,838 3.6 3.1 3.4

Mining and logging.................................... 31 26 28 3.7 3.0 3.2

Construction............................................. 340 296 359 6.4 5.5 6.5

Manufacturing.......................................... 261 212 199 2.2 1.8 1.7

Durable goods....................................... 161 135 126 2.2 1.8 1.7

Nondurable goods.................................... 100 77 72 2.3 1.7 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 838 713 781 3.3 2.8 3.1

Wholesale trade....................................... 138 115 106 2.5 2.0 1.9

Retail trade............................................. 560 479 533 3.8 3.2 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 140 119 141 2.9 2.4 2.8

Information................................................ 54 59 44 2.0 2.2 1.6

Financial activities...................................... 159 174 161 2.1 2.2 2.1

Finance and insurance.............................. 105 109 104 1.8 1.9 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 54 64 58 2.8 3.3 3.0

Professional and business services............... 853 763 840 4.8 4.2 4.6

Education and health services..................... 441 421 449 2.2 2.0 2.2

Educational services................................. 50 50 53 1.4 1.4 1.5

Health care and social assistance............... 391 371 396 2.3 2.2 2.3

Leisure and hospitality................................. 852 622 791 6.4 4.6 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 161 78 115 8.8 4.4 6.2

Accommodation and food services............ 691 543 676 6.0 4.7 5.7

Other services.......................................... 167 148 186 3.1 2.7 3.4

Government................................................ 213 227 211 1.0 1.0 .9

Federal................................................... 29 34 28 1.0 1.2 1.0

State and local........................................... 184 193 182 .9 1.0 .9

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 656 530 638 2.6 2.1 2.5

South...................................................... 1,688 1,593 1,595 3.5 3.3 3.3

Midwest................................................... 985 684 840 3.3 2.3 2.7

West...................................................... 881 854 974 3.0 2.9 3.3

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 9. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total............................................................ 3,586 3,348 3,613 2.7 2.5 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 3,395 3,163 3,418 3.1 2.8 3.0

Mining and logging.................................... 30 24 24 3.6 2.8 2.8

Construction............................................. 272 272 287 5.1 5.1 5.2

Manufacturing.......................................... 204 194 186 1.7 1.6 1.6

Durable goods....................................... 124 122 117 1.7 1.6 1.6

Nondurable goods.................................... 79 72 69 1.8 1.6 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 733 744 733 2.9 2.9 2.9

Wholesale trade....................................... 120 103 101 2.1 1.8 1.8

Retail trade............................................. 487 519 489 3.3 3.5 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 126 122 143 2.6 2.5 2.9

Information................................................ 65 47 45 2.4 1.8 1.7

Financial activities...................................... 146 169 168 1.9 2.2 2.2

Finance and insurance.............................. 99 105 115 1.7 1.8 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 47 65 53 2.4 3.3 2.7

Professional and business services............... 792 650 777 4.5 3.6 4.3

Education and health services..................... 403 397 424 2.0 1.9 2.0

Educational services................................. 39 40 44 1.1 1.2 1.3

Health care and social assistance............... 364 357 380 2.2 2.1 2.2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 616 515 615 4.6 3.8 4.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 98 58 75 5.4 3.3 4.1

Accommodation and food services............ 517 457 540 4.5 3.9 4.6

Other services.......................................... 134 151 159 2.5 2.8 2.9

Government................................................ 191 186 195 .9 .8 .9

Federal................................................... 24 35 33 .8 1.3 1.2

State and local........................................... 167 151 162 .9 .8 .8

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 513 517 579 2.0 2.0 2.3

South...................................................... 1,500 1,410 1,432 3.1 2.9 2.9

Midwest................................................... 787 692 720 2.6 2.3 2.4

West...................................................... 786 730 883 2.7 2.5 3.0

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 10. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total............................................................ 1,959 1,851 1,970 1.5 1.4 1.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,864 1,759 1,870 1.7 1.6 1.7

Mining and logging.................................... 15 10 15 1.8 1.2 1.7

Construction............................................. 72 84 85 1.4 1.6 1.5

Manufacturing.......................................... 99 82 90 .8 .7 .8

Durable goods....................................... 61 49 50 .8 .7 .7

Nondurable goods.................................... 38 33 39 .9 .7 .9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 433 426 409 1.7 1.7 1.6

Wholesale trade....................................... 57 57 59 1.0 1.0 1.0

Retail trade............................................. 300 305 281 2.1 2.1 1.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 76 64 69 1.6 1.3 1.4

Information................................................ 33 25 24 1.2 .9 .9

Financial activities...................................... 89 88 99 1.2 1.1 1.3

Finance and insurance.............................. 70 44 72 1.2 .7 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 20 45 27 1.0 2.3 1.4

Professional and business services............... 381 335 385 2.2 1.9 2.1

Education and health services..................... 254 240 264 1.2 1.2 1.3

Educational services................................. 22 22 21 .6 .6 .6

Health care and social assistance............... 232 217 242 1.4 1.3 1.4

Leisure and hospitality................................. 406 366 413 3.0 2.7 3.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 34 35 41 1.8 1.9 2.2

Accommodation and food services............ 373 332 373 3.2 2.9 3.2

Other services.......................................... 81 102 86 1.5 1.9 1.6

Government................................................ 95 92 99 .4 .4 .4

Federal................................................... 10 10 10 .4 .3 .3

State and local........................................... 85 83 90 .4 .4 .5

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 254 244 258 1.0 1.0 1.0

South...................................................... 815 845 818 1.7 1.7 1.7

Midwest................................................... 450 379 420 1.5 1.2 1.4

West...................................................... 440 383 474 1.5 1.3 1.6

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total............................................................ 1,345 1,219 1,343 1.0 0.9 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,294 1,168 1,288 1.2 1.0 1.1

Mining and logging.................................... 12 12 7 1.5 1.5 .8

Construction............................................. 191 182 198 3.6 3.4 3.6

Manufacturing.......................................... 82 92 80 .7 .8 .7

Durable goods....................................... 48 61 57 .6 .8 .8

Nondurable goods.................................... 34 31 22 .8 .7 .5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 235 241 247 .9 .9 1.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 55 41 27 1.0 .7 .5

Retail trade............................................. 145 158 173 1.0 1.1 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 35 42 47 .7 .9 .9

Information................................................ 24 20 11 .9 .8 .4

Financial activities...................................... 43 49 47 .6 .6 .6

Finance and insurance.............................. 20 36 24 .3 .6 .4

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 23 12 23 1.2 .6 1.2

Professional and business services............... 350 276 353 2.0 1.5 1.9

Education and health services..................... 114 130 111 .6 .6 .5

Educational services................................. 11 16 19 .3 .4 .5

Health care and social assistance............... 103 114 92 .6 .7 .5

Leisure and hospitality................................. 193 130 173 1.4 1.0 1.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 63 21 33 3.5 1.2 1.8

Accommodation and food services............ 130 108 140 1.1 .9 1.2

Other services.......................................... 50 36 62 .9 .7 1.1

Government................................................ 51 51 55 .2 .2 .2

Federal................................................... 6 15 15 .2 .6 .5

State and local........................................... 45 35 40 .2 .2 .2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 195 207 265 .8 .8 1.0

South...................................................... 589 459 510 1.2 .9 1.0

Midwest................................................... 282 257 242 .9 .8 .8

West...................................................... 279 296 327 1.0 1.0 1.1

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 12. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Feb. Mar.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total............................................................ 282 279 300 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 237 236 260 .2 .2 .2

Mining and logging.................................... 3 1 3 .3 .1 .3

Construction............................................. 9 6 4 .2 .1 .1

Manufacturing.......................................... 23 19 17 .2 .2 .1

Durable goods....................................... 16 11 9 .2 .1 .1

Nondurable goods.................................... 8 8 8 .2 .2 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 66 77 77 .3 .3 .3

Wholesale trade....................................... 9 5 14 .2 .1 .2

Retail trade............................................. 42 56 35 .3 .4 .2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 15 16 28 .3 .3 .6

Information................................................ 8 2 10 .3 .1 .4

Financial activities...................................... 13 32 22 .2 .4 .3

Finance and insurance.............................. 9 25 18 .2 .4 .3

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 4 8 3 .2 .4 .2

Professional and business services............... 61 39 39 .3 .2 .2

Education and health services..................... 35 27 49 .2 .1 .2

Educational services................................. 5 2 4 .2 .1 .1

Health care and social assistance............... 30 25 45 .2 .1 .3

Leisure and hospitality................................. 16 19 29 .1 .1 .2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 1 2 2 .1 .1 .1

Accommodation and food services............ 15 17 27 .1 .1 .2

Other services.......................................... 3 13 11 .1 .2 .2

Government................................................ 44 43 41 .2 .2 .2

Federal................................................... 8 10 8 .3 .4 .3

State and local........................................... 37 33 32 .2 .2 .2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 64 65 56 .3 .3 .2

South...................................................... 95 106 104 .2 .2 .2

Midwest................................................... 55 56 58 .2 .2 .2

West...................................................... 68 51 82 .2 .2 .3

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates