For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, May 25, 2023 USDL-23-1090 

Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • productivity@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/productivity

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

PRODUCTIVITY BY STATE – 2022 

Labor productivity in the private nonfarm sector declined in 37 states and the District of Columbia in 

2022, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Output increased in 43 states and the District. 

Hours worked increased in 48 states and the District, and declined in Minnesota and Nebraska. Idaho

experienced the highest growth in labor productivity, an increase of 4.0 percent. (See chart 1 and table 

1.) 

Chart 1. Labor productivity by state, percent change, 2022
Chart 2 displays the states with the largest productivity gains and losses and their respective changes in 

output and hours worked in 2022. 

• Idaho was the only state to see productivity rise more than 2.0 percent (+4.0 percent).

• Output growth exceeded 5.0 percent in Idaho (+5.4 percent) and Tennessee (+5.1 percent).

• Nevada and Hawaii saw the highest growth in hours worked (+10.7 percent and +7.5 percent,

respectively).

• All seven states experiencing declines in output also recorded increases in hours worked: Alaska,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Hampshire, North Dakota, and Oklahoma.

• Eleven states saw labor productivity increase due to a rise in output that outpaced growth in hours

worked: Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, South Dakota,

Tennessee, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

• Labor productivity growth in Minnesota (+1.7 percent) and Nebraska (+1.6 percent) was the result

of increasing output and declining hours worked.

Chart 2. Labor productivity, output, and hours worked for select states, percent change, 2022 

Each state’s annual contribution to national productivity growth is calculated by multiplying the state’s 

productivity growth rate by its average share of total current dollar national output. The economic size of 

each state influences its contribution to national and regional estimates. With a 4.5-percent decline in 

labor productivity in 2022, California had the largest influence on the national change, contributing to 

over one-third of the 1.9-percent decline at the national level. (See chart 3.)

-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Percent Change

Output Hours

-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Alaska

Louisiana

Nevada

Hawaii

North Dakota

Mississippi

California

New Hampshire

Michigan

West Virginia

Iowa

Colorado

Florida

Wisconsin

South Dakota

Kentucky

Connecticut

Nebraska

Minnesota

Idaho

Percent Change

Productivity

2
Chart 3. Contributions to national labor productivity, 2022 

2019-22 trends

While increases in output and hours worked were widespread in 2022, not all areas have fully recovered 

to levels seen before the COVID-19 pandemic. Note that percent changes for periods of more than 1 year 

are annual percent changes. (See table 3).

• Three areas saw annualized labor productivity growth of more than 3.0 percent–the District of

Columbia (+4.8 percent), Washington (+3.3 percent), and Iowa (+3.1 percent).

• Labor productivity has declined from 2019 to 2022 in nine states:

o Alaska (-1.6 percent)

o Hawaii (-0.8 percent)

o Louisiana (-2.1 percent)

o Nevada (-0.4 percent)

o North Dakota (-0.4 percent)

o Oklahoma (-0.8 percent)

o Texas (-0.6 percent)

o West Virginia (-0.2 percent)

o Wyoming (-0.4 percent)

• Annualized rates of hours worked declined for 24 states and the District of Columbia from 2019 to

2022.

• The District of Columbia saw the largest decrease in hours worked (-2.6 percent).

• Idaho saw the highest growth in both output and hours worked (+5.8 percent and +3.0 percent,

respectively).

• Eight states have not yet returned to 2019 levels of output. Chart 4 shows the changes in labor

productivity, output, and hours worked for states with declines in output from 2019 to 2022.

3
Chart 4 . Labor productivity, output, and hours worked for select states, annual percent change, 2019-22 

Long term trends

Chart 5 shows the annualized percent change in labor productivity for all 50 states and the District of 

Columbia for the period 2007-22. (See table 2.)

Chart 5. Labor productivity by state, annual percent change, 2007-22 

4
• From 2007 to 2022, labor productivity rose in 47 states and the District of Columbia.

• North Dakota experienced the highest rate of labor productivity growth of 2.7 percent per year.

• Three states had productivity declines from 2007 to 2022: Alaska (-0.3 percent), Louisiana (-0.6

percent), and Wyoming (-0.5 percent).

• Output grew in 46 states and the District of Columbia while hours worked grew in 34 states and

the District of Columbia.

Chart 6 shows states with the highest contribution to national labor productivity growth per year from 

2007 to 2022. California, New York, and Texas, which have the largest economies, contributed the most 

to national productivity growth, nearly 40 percent of the 1.3-percent increase. (See table 4.) 

Chart 6. Contributions to national labor productivity, annual percent change, 2007-22 

5
Additional Information

Measures of hours worked and employment for all states reflect a change in methods and are revised

historically. Data from the BLS Current Population Survey (CPS) have been used to adjust measures of 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) all-employee hours paid to account for unpaid hours worked, also 

known as off-the-clock hours. These adjustments are also made for national measures of hours worked. 

For more information on the new hours worked methodology, see 

www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2022/article/improving-estimates-of-hours-worked-for-us-productivitymeasurement.htm. In addition, a scaling adjustment has been applied to state hours worked and

employment measures to improve consistency between state and national labor measures. 

Measures of output for all states reflect a change in methods and are revised historically. Estimates of

owner-occupied housing, which are subtracted from output, are now based on imputed rent data provided 

by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). 

Output and compensation measures for 2021 and earlier years reflect revisions to GDP by state and

industry data published by the BEA. Hours and employment data through 2021 have been revised to

incorporate the BLS 2022 CES benchmark. 

Access the following productivity data at www.bls.gov/productivity/tables/labor-productivity-by-stateand-region.xlsx 

• Detailed data series: indexes of productivity and related measures; rates of change; and levels of state

employment, hours worked, value-added output, and labor compensation

• Additional years and long-term data

Subscribe to productivity news releases on the BLS website at 

https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services. 

6
Technical Note

Labor Productivity: Labor productivity describes the relationship between real output and the labor 

hours involved in its production. These measures show the changes from period to period in the amount 

of goods and services produced per hour worked. Although the labor productivity measures relate output 

in a state to hours worked of all persons in that state, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor 

to growth in output. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including: changes in 

technology; capital investment; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the use of purchased services 

inputs, including contract employment services; the organization of production; the characteristics and 

effort of the workforce; and managerial skill. 

Output: Measures of real value-added output for the private nonfarm sector are created using GDP by 

state and industry data published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). BEA does not produce a 

private nonfarm sector measure of real output by state. To create the necessary output series, several 

industry components are subtracted — the farm sector, private households, and owner-occupied housing 

— from GDP by state using a Fisher ideal index formula. 

Labor Hours: Hours are the number of hours worked by all employed persons, including wage and salary 

workers, self-employed persons, and unpaid family workers. Hours for wage and salary workers are 

primarily from BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) and hours for self-employed and unpaid family

workers are from the BLS Current Population Survey (CPS). The hours are adjusted from an hours paid 

basis to an hours worked basis using data from the BLS National Compensation Survey (NCS).

Unit Labor Costs: Unit labor costs represent the cost of labor required to produce one unit of output. The 

unit labor cost indexes are computed by dividing an index of nominal industry labor compensation by an 

index of real industry output. Unit labor costs also describe the relationship between compensation per 

hour worked (hourly compensation) and real output per hour worked (labor productivity). When hourly 

compensation growth outpaces productivity, unit labor costs increase. Alternatively, when productivity 

growth exceeds hourly compensation, unit labor costs decrease.

Labor Compensation: Labor compensation, defined as payroll plus supplemental payments, is a 

measure of the cost to the employer of securing the services of labor. Labor compensation measures are 

constructed using BEA nonfarm compensation less private household compensation. Compensation for 

self-employed and unpaid family workers are imputed by assuming that hourly compensation for these 

workers is the same as the average wage and salary worker in each state. 

Contributions to Labor Productivity: Each state’s contribution to national productivity growth is 

calculated by multiplying the state’s productivity growth rate by its average share of total current dollar 

national output. Adding up these contributions will approximate, but may not exactly equal, growth rates 

of national productivity. Contributions measures used in this release capture the effects of within-state 

productivity changes but do not include the effects of shifting shares of output and labor among states.

7
Annual Percent Change: The annual percent change is the compound annual growth rate in an index 

series over a period of more than one year. The change of an index series varies from year to year. 

However, the annual percent change is the constant rate that can be applied to each year in a period, from 

the start to the end, that would give the same total result. It is calculated as (Ending Value/Starting 

Value)^(1/Number of Years)-1. 

8
Table 1. Recent labor productivity and related data, private nonfarm sector

Area Name

2022

Employment

(thousands)

Percent change, 2021-22

Labor

productivity Output Hoursworked

Unit labor

costs

Labor

compensation

Hourly

compensation

States

Alabama...................................... 1,847.629 -1.0 1.4 2.4 8.9 10.5 7.9

Alaska........................................ 272.925 -7.1 -2.7 4.7 13.7 10.6 5.6

Arizona....................................... 2,945.814 -2.1 3.0 5.2 7.6 10.8 5.4

Arkansas..................................... 1,206.792 -0.3 2.5 2.7 6.5 9.1 6.2

California..................................... 16,928.862 -4.5 0.1 4.9 4.9 5.1 0.2

Colorado...................................... 2,658.039 0.6 3.9 3.3 6.7 10.8 7.3

Connecticut.................................. 1,596.229 1.5 3.0 1.6 4.4 7.6 5.9

Delaware..................................... 427.178 -1.8 2.4 4.3 7.0 9.6 5.1

District of Columbia.......................... 545.355 -0.6 4.4 5.0 4.1 8.6 3.4

Florida........................................ 9,027.580 0.7 4.9 4.1 7.1 12.3 7.9

Georgia....................................... 4,453.823 -0.9 3.1 4.0 8.7 12.0 7.7

Hawaii........................................ 548.708 -5.3 1.8 7.5 8.7 10.6 2.9

Idaho.......................................... 772.038 4.0 5.4 1.3 6.6 12.3 10.8

Illinois......................................... 5,549.841 0.1 2.4 2.3 6.2 8.8 6.3

Indiana........................................ 2,982.150 -0.4 1.9 2.3 8.5 10.6 8.1

Iowa........................................... 1,420.232 0.5 1.4 0.9 8.1 9.6 8.6

Kansas....................................... 1,253.921 -1.4 1.9 3.4 7.1 9.1 5.6

Kentucky..................................... 1,775.956 1.1 2.1 1.0 7.2 9.4 8.3

Louisiana..................................... 1,759.027 -6.1 -2.0 4.4 11.9 9.7 5.1

Maine......................................... 619.384 -2.0 1.8 3.9 8.9 10.9 6.7

Maryland..................................... 2,381.065 -2.6 -0.7 1.9 8.6 7.8 5.7

Massachusetts............................... 3,461.933 -2.6 1.9 4.6 5.5 7.4 2.7

Michigan...................................... 4,019.395 -3.5 1.6 5.2 8.1 9.8 4.4

Minnesota.................................... 2,680.459 1.7 1.2 -0.5 6.0 7.3 7.9

Mississippi.................................... 1,014.979 -4.9 -0.2 4.9 11.7 11.5 6.2

Missouri...................................... 2,698.236 -2.9 1.6 4.7 7.9 9.7 4.8

Montana...................................... 471.961 -2.5 1.8 4.4 10.2 12.2 7.5

Nebraska..................................... 915.460 1.6 1.3 -0.2 6.5 7.9 8.1

Nevada....................................... 1,433.336 -5.9 4.1 10.7 10.4 15.0 3.9

New Hampshire.............................. 654.392 -4.0 -0.2 4.0 5.5 5.4 1.3

New Jersey................................... 3,909.163 -2.1 2.6 4.8 6.8 9.5 4.5

New Mexico.................................. 732.159 -1.7 1.8 3.6 9.8 11.9 7.9

New York..................................... 8,687.612 -2.6 3.0 5.7 5.8 8.9 3.1

North Carolina............................... 4,430.224 -1.4 2.3 3.8 8.6 11.1 7.1

North Dakota................................. 366.428 -5.1 -1.6 3.7 12.1 10.4 6.4

Ohio........................................... 5,075.767 -1.3 1.6 3.0 6.5 8.3 5.1

Oklahoma.................................... 1,465.302 -1.0 -0.9 0.2 8.4 7.4 7.3

Oregon....................................... 1,857.078 -1.9 3.4 5.4 4.8 8.3 2.8

Pennsylvania................................. 5,664.451 -0.9 2.4 3.3 6.4 9.0 5.5

Rhode Island................................. 468.776 -1.5 1.2 2.8 9.4 10.7 7.7

South Carolina............................... 2,045.171 -2.1 3.0 5.3 8.9 12.2 6.5

South Dakota................................ 404.396 1.1 1.3 0.2 6.9 8.3 8.1

Tennessee................................... 3,058.778 0.3 5.1 4.8 5.8 11.1 6.1

Texas......................................... 12,588.259 -2.3 3.8 6.2 9.7 13.8 7.2

Utah........................................... 1,527.161 -0.8 2.7 3.5 9.3 12.3 8.5

Vermont...................................... 280.889 0.3 3.7 3.4 7.3 11.3 7.7

Virginia....................................... 3,575.548 -0.3 1.7 2.0 6.6 8.5 6.3

Washington.................................. 3,241.985 -2.9 1.4 4.5 7.1 8.7 4.0

West Virginia................................. 585.333 -2.9 0.2 3.2 10.0 10.2 6.8

Wisconsin.................................... 2,778.464 0.8 1.7 0.9 5.1 6.9 5.9

Wyoming..................................... 236.398 -1.6 0.3 2.0 8.0 8.4 6.3

Regions

Midwest....................................... 30,144.748 -0.8 1.7 2.5 7.0 8.8 6.1

Northeast..................................... 25,342.827 -1.8 2.6 4.4 6.0 8.7 4.1

South......................................... 52,188.000 -1.2 2.9 4.1 8.3 11.5 7.0

West.......................................... 33,626.465 -3.4 1.2 4.8 6.1 7.4 2.5

9
Table 2. Long run labor productivity and related data, private nonfarm sector

Area Name

2022

Employment

(thousands)

Annual percent change, 2007-22

Labor

productivity Output Hoursworked

Unit labor

costs

Labor

compensation

Hourly

compensation

States

Alabama...................................... 1,847.629 1.1 1.0 -0.1 2.3 3.3 3.4

Alaska........................................ 272.925 -0.3 -0.4 -0.1 3.4 3.0 3.1

Arizona....................................... 2,945.814 0.9 1.9 1.0 2.2 4.2 3.1

Arkansas..................................... 1,206.792 0.8 1.3 0.5 2.2 3.5 2.9

California..................................... 16,928.862 2.0 2.7 0.7 1.5 4.3 3.6

Colorado...................................... 2,658.039 1.8 2.7 0.9 2.0 4.7 3.8

Connecticut.................................. 1,596.229 0.2 0.0 -0.2 2.2 2.2 2.4

Delaware..................................... 427.178 0.5 0.6 0.1 2.3 2.8 2.7

District of Columbia.......................... 545.355 1.2 1.8 0.6 2.1 3.9 3.3

Florida........................................ 9,027.580 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.6 4.6 3.6

Georgia....................................... 4,453.823 1.2 2.1 0.9 2.1 4.2 3.3

Hawaii........................................ 548.708 0.6 0.5 0.0 2.5 3.0 3.1

Idaho.......................................... 772.038 1.7 2.9 1.2 1.7 4.7 3.4

Illinois......................................... 5,549.841 1.0 1.0 -0.1 1.9 2.9 2.9

Indiana........................................ 2,982.150 0.6 1.1 0.5 2.4 3.5 3.0

Iowa........................................... 1,420.232 1.1 1.2 0.1 2.2 3.4 3.3

Kansas....................................... 1,253.921 1.6 1.6 0.0 1.4 3.0 3.0

Kentucky..................................... 1,775.956 1.3 1.2 -0.1 2.2 3.4 3.5

Louisiana..................................... 1,759.027 -0.6 -0.5 0.1 3.3 2.8 2.7

Maine......................................... 619.384 1.2 1.4 0.2 2.2 3.6 3.4

Maryland..................................... 2,381.065 1.4 1.4 0.0 1.8 3.2 3.3

Massachusetts............................... 3,461.933 1.7 2.3 0.6 1.6 3.9 3.3

Michigan...................................... 4,019.395 0.8 0.9 0.1 1.9 2.8 2.7

Minnesota.................................... 2,680.459 1.3 1.6 0.3 1.8 3.5 3.1

Mississippi.................................... 1,014.979 0.5 0.4 -0.1 2.5 2.9 3.0

Missouri...................................... 2,698.236 0.9 1.0 0.0 2.2 3.1 3.1

Montana...................................... 471.961 1.2 1.6 0.4 3.0 4.7 4.3

Nebraska..................................... 915.460 1.8 2.0 0.1 1.5 3.5 3.4

Nevada....................................... 1,433.336 0.3 1.0 0.7 2.7 3.8 3.0

New Hampshire.............................. 654.392 1.6 1.9 0.4 1.8 3.8 3.4

New Jersey................................... 3,909.163 0.7 1.0 0.3 2.0 3.1 2.8

New Mexico.................................. 732.159 1.2 0.9 -0.3 2.0 2.8 3.2

New York..................................... 8,687.612 1.5 1.9 0.5 1.4 3.3 2.8

North Carolina............................... 4,430.224 0.9 1.8 0.9 2.5 4.3 3.4

North Dakota................................. 366.428 2.7 4.1 1.4 1.2 5.4 3.9

Ohio........................................... 5,075.767 1.1 1.3 0.2 1.6 2.9 2.8

Oklahoma.................................... 1,465.302 1.2 1.6 0.4 1.8 3.4 3.0

Oregon....................................... 1,857.078 2.0 2.5 0.6 1.4 4.0 3.4

Pennsylvania................................. 5,664.451 1.2 1.4 0.2 1.8 3.2 3.0

Rhode Island................................. 468.776 0.8 0.8 0.0 2.3 3.1 3.1

South Carolina............................... 2,045.171 1.0 1.8 0.8 2.4 4.2 3.4

South Dakota................................ 404.396 1.3 2.0 0.7 2.5 4.6 3.9

Tennessee................................... 3,058.778 1.4 2.3 0.9 1.6 4.0 3.1

Texas......................................... 12,588.259 0.9 2.6 1.7 2.3 5.0 3.2

Utah........................................... 1,527.161 1.7 3.3 1.6 2.0 5.4 3.8

Vermont...................................... 280.889 1.7 1.3 -0.4 1.7 3.0 3.4

Virginia....................................... 3,575.548 1.5 1.6 0.0 1.7 3.3 3.3

Washington.................................. 3,241.985 2.4 3.5 1.0 1.8 5.3 4.3

West Virginia................................. 585.333 1.0 0.6 -0.4 1.9 2.5 2.9

Wisconsin.................................... 2,778.464 0.9 1.3 0.3 1.9 3.2 2.9

Wyoming..................................... 236.398 -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 3.2 2.1 2.6

Regions

Midwest....................................... 30,144.748 1.0 1.2 0.2 1.9 3.1 2.9

Northeast..................................... 25,342.827 1.2 1.6 0.3 1.7 3.3 2.9

South......................................... 52,188.000 1.0 1.9 0.8 2.2 4.1 3.3

West.......................................... 33,626.465 1.8 2.6 0.8 1.7 4.4 3.6

10
Table 3. Labor productivity in selected periods, private nonfarm sector

Area Name

Annual percent change

2007-19 2019-22 2007-22

States

Alabama...................................... 1.0 1.2 1.1

Alaska........................................ 0.1 -1.6 -0.3

Arizona....................................... 0.7 1.8 0.9

Arkansas..................................... 0.6 1.4 0.8

California..................................... 2.1 1.9 2.0

Colorado...................................... 1.8 1.9 1.8

Connecticut.................................. 0.0 0.7 0.2

Delaware..................................... 0.4 0.6 0.5

District of Columbia.......................... 0.4 4.8 1.2

Florida........................................ 0.7 1.9 1.0

Georgia....................................... 1.3 0.9 1.2

Hawaii........................................ 0.9 -0.8 0.6

Idaho.......................................... 1.4 2.7 1.7

Illinois......................................... 0.8 1.7 1.0

Indiana........................................ 0.6 0.7 0.6

Iowa........................................... 0.6 3.1 1.1

Kansas....................................... 1.5 1.8 1.6

Kentucky..................................... 1.2 1.6 1.3

Louisiana..................................... -0.2 -2.1 -0.6

Maine......................................... 0.9 2.6 1.2

Maryland..................................... 1.5 1.1 1.4

Massachusetts............................... 1.5 2.3 1.7

Michigan...................................... 0.5 1.8 0.8

Minnesota.................................... 1.1 2.1 1.3

Mississippi.................................... 0.4 0.8 0.5

Missouri...................................... 0.9 1.1 0.9

Montana...................................... 1.2 1.1 1.2

Nebraska..................................... 1.7 2.3 1.8

Nevada....................................... 0.5 -0.4 0.3

New Hampshire.............................. 1.3 2.6 1.6

New Jersey................................... 0.6 1.2 0.7

New Mexico.................................. 1.4 0.4 1.2

New York..................................... 1.3 2.1 1.5

North Carolina............................... 0.8 1.4 0.9

North Dakota................................. 3.5 -0.4 2.7

Ohio........................................... 0.9 2.1 1.1

Oklahoma.................................... 1.7 -0.8 1.2

Oregon....................................... 1.7 2.9 2.0

Pennsylvania................................. 1.0 2.0 1.2

Rhode Island................................. 0.8 0.9 0.8

South Carolina............................... 1.0 0.7 1.0

South Dakota................................ 1.2 1.8 1.3

Tennessee................................... 1.1 2.5 1.4

Texas......................................... 1.2 -0.6 0.9

Utah........................................... 1.5 2.6 1.7

Vermont...................................... 1.5 2.6 1.7

Virginia....................................... 1.3 2.5 1.5

Washington.................................. 2.2 3.3 2.4

West Virginia................................. 1.3 -0.2 1.0

Wisconsin.................................... 0.8 1.4 0.9

Wyoming..................................... -0.5 -0.4 -0.5

Regions

Midwest....................................... 0.9 1.7 1.0

Northeast..................................... 1.1 1.9 1.2

South......................................... 1.1 0.8 1.0

West.......................................... 1.8 1.9 1.8

11
Table 4. Contributions to national labor productivity, private nonfarm sector

Area Name Share Weight (percent)

Annual percent change, 2007-22

Labor Productivity Contribution to National

National...................................... 1.3

Alabama................................... 1.1 1.1 0.012

Alaska...................................... 0.3 -0.3 -0.001

Arizona..................................... 1.7 0.9 0.015

Arkansas................................... 0.6 0.8 0.005

California................................... 13.7 2.0 0.273

Colorado................................... 1.8 1.8 0.032

Connecticut................................ 1.5 0.2 0.003

Delaware................................... 0.4 0.5 0.002

District of Columbia....................... 0.5 1.2 0.007

Florida...................................... 5.0 1.0 0.050

Georgia.................................... 2.9 1.2 0.035

Hawaii...................................... 0.4 0.6 0.002

Idaho....................................... 0.4 1.7 0.006

Illinois...................................... 4.5 1.0 0.045

Indiana..................................... 1.9 0.6 0.011

Iowa........................................ 0.9 1.1 0.010

Kansas..................................... 0.8 1.6 0.013

Kentucky................................... 1.0 1.3 0.014

Louisiana.................................. 1.4 -0.6 -0.008

Maine...................................... 0.3 1.2 0.004

Maryland................................... 1.8 1.4 0.025

Massachusetts............................ 2.8 1.7 0.048

Michigan................................... 2.6 0.8 0.021

Minnesota.................................. 1.9 1.3 0.024

Mississippi................................. 0.6 0.5 0.003

Missouri.................................... 1.7 0.9 0.015

Montana................................... 0.2 1.2 0.003

Nebraska.................................. 0.6 1.8 0.011

Nevada..................................... 0.9 0.3 0.003

New Hampshire........................... 0.4 1.6 0.007

New Jersey................................ 3.2 0.7 0.022

New Mexico............................... 0.4 1.2 0.005

New York.................................. 8.5 1.5 0.127

North Carolina............................. 2.8 0.9 0.025

North Dakota.............................. 0.3 2.7 0.007

Ohio........................................ 3.4 1.1 0.038

Oklahoma.................................. 1.0 1.2 0.012

Oregon..................................... 1.1 2.0 0.022

Pennsylvania.............................. 4.0 1.2 0.048

Rhode Island.............................. 0.3 0.8 0.002

South Carolina............................ 1.1 1.0 0.011

South Dakota.............................. 0.2 1.3 0.003

Tennessee................................. 1.8 1.4 0.025

Texas...................................... 9.2 0.9 0.083

Utah........................................ 0.9 1.7 0.014

Vermont.................................... 0.2 1.7 0.003

Virginia..................................... 2.5 1.5 0.037

Washington................................ 2.6 2.4 0.062

West Virginia.............................. 0.4 1.0 0.004

Wisconsin.................................. 1.7 0.9 0.015

Wyoming................................... 0.2 -0.5 -0.001

12
Table 5. Contributions to national labor productivity in selected periods, private nonfarm sector

Area Name

Annual percent change

2007-19 2019-22 2007-22 2021-22

National...................................... 1.2 1.5 1.3 -1.8

Alabama................................... 0.011 0.012 0.012 -0.010

Alaska...................................... 0.000 -0.004 -0.001 -0.016

Arizona..................................... 0.012 0.032 0.015 -0.038

Arkansas................................... 0.004 0.009 0.005 -0.002

California................................... 0.282 0.276 0.273 -0.655

Colorado................................... 0.031 0.035 0.032 0.011

Connecticut................................ 0.000 0.009 0.003 0.020

Delaware................................... 0.002 0.002 0.002 -0.006

District of Columbia....................... 0.002 0.026 0.007 -0.003

Florida...................................... 0.035 0.100 0.050 0.038

Georgia.................................... 0.037 0.027 0.035 -0.027

Hawaii...................................... 0.003 -0.003 0.002 -0.018

Idaho....................................... 0.005 0.010 0.006 0.016

Illinois...................................... 0.036 0.072 0.045 0.004

Indiana..................................... 0.012 0.013 0.011 -0.007

Iowa........................................ 0.006 0.028 0.010 0.004

Kansas..................................... 0.013 0.015 0.013 -0.011

Kentucky................................... 0.013 0.016 0.014 0.011

Louisiana.................................. -0.003 -0.024 -0.008 -0.068

Maine...................................... 0.003 0.008 0.004 -0.006

Maryland................................... 0.027 0.019 0.025 -0.043

Massachusetts............................ 0.042 0.066 0.048 -0.074

Michigan................................... 0.013 0.045 0.021 -0.086

Minnesota.................................. 0.021 0.038 0.024 0.030

Mississippi................................. 0.002 0.004 0.003 -0.025

Missouri.................................... 0.015 0.017 0.015 -0.045

Montana................................... 0.003 0.003 0.003 -0.006

Nebraska.................................. 0.010 0.014 0.011 0.009

Nevada..................................... 0.004 -0.003 0.003 -0.050

New Hampshire........................... 0.005 0.011 0.007 -0.017

New Jersey................................ 0.019 0.036 0.022 -0.063

New Mexico............................... 0.006 0.002 0.005 -0.007

New York.................................. 0.110 0.181 0.127 -0.220

North Carolina............................. 0.022 0.039 0.025 -0.040

North Dakota.............................. 0.009 -0.001 0.007 -0.014

Ohio........................................ 0.031 0.070 0.038 -0.043

Oklahoma.................................. 0.017 -0.007 0.012 -0.009

Oregon..................................... 0.018 0.033 0.022 -0.022

Pennsylvania.............................. 0.040 0.076 0.048 -0.034

Rhode Island.............................. 0.002 0.003 0.002 -0.004

South Carolina............................ 0.011 0.008 0.011 -0.023

South Dakota.............................. 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.003

Tennessee................................. 0.020 0.047 0.025 0.006

Texas...................................... 0.110 -0.055 0.083 -0.216

Utah........................................ 0.012 0.025 0.014 -0.008

Vermont.................................... 0.002 0.004 0.003 0.000

Virginia..................................... 0.032 0.060 0.037 -0.007

Washington................................ 0.055 0.095 0.062 -0.084

West Virginia.............................. 0.005 -0.001 0.004 -0.010

Wisconsin.................................. 0.013 0.023 0.015 0.013

Wyoming................................... -0.001 -0.001 -0.001 -0.003

13
Table 6. Contributions to regional labor productivity, private nonfarm sector

Area Name Share Weight (percent)

Percent change, 2021-22

Labor Productivity Contribution to Region

Northeast.................................... -1.8

Connecticut................................ 6.4 1.5 0.096

Maine...................................... 1.6 -2.0 -0.031

Massachusetts............................ 13.9 -2.6 -0.360

New Hampshire........................... 2.1 -4.0 -0.084

New Jersey................................ 14.5 -2.1 -0.305

New York.................................. 41.2 -2.6 -1.072

Pennsylvania.............................. 18.2 -0.9 -0.164

Rhode Island.............................. 1.3 -1.5 -0.020

Vermont.................................... 0.7 0.3 0.002

South......................................... -1.2

Alabama................................... 3.0 -1.0 -0.030

Arkansas................................... 1.9 -0.3 -0.006

Delaware................................... 1.0 -1.8 -0.019

District of Columbia....................... 1.5 -0.6 -0.009

Florida...................................... 15.8 0.7 0.110

Georgia.................................... 8.9 -0.9 -0.080

Kentucky................................... 2.9 1.1 0.032

Louisiana.................................. 3.3 -6.1 -0.200

Maryland................................... 4.8 -2.6 -0.126

Mississippi................................. 1.5 -4.9 -0.073

North Carolina............................. 8.3 -1.4 -0.117

Oklahoma.................................. 2.6 -1.0 -0.026

South Carolina............................ 3.2 -2.1 -0.068

Tennessee................................. 5.6 0.3 0.017

Texas...................................... 27.6 -2.3 -0.634

Virginia..................................... 7.0 -0.3 -0.021

West Virginia.............................. 1.0 -2.9 -0.030

Midwest...................................... -0.8

Illinois...................................... 21.5 0.1 0.021

Indiana..................................... 9.4 -0.4 -0.037

Iowa........................................ 4.6 0.5 0.023

Kansas..................................... 4.1 -1.4 -0.058

Michigan................................... 12.6 -3.5 -0.440

Minnesota.................................. 9.1 1.7 0.155

Missouri.................................... 7.9 -2.9 -0.228

Nebraska.................................. 3.0 1.6 0.048

North Dakota.............................. 1.4 -5.1 -0.071

Ohio........................................ 17.1 -1.3 -0.222

South Dakota.............................. 1.3 1.1 0.014

Wisconsin.................................. 8.1 0.8 0.065

West.......................................... -3.4

Alaska...................................... 0.9 -7.1 -0.063

Arizona..................................... 6.9 -2.1 -0.146

California................................... 56.2 -4.5 -2.531

Colorado................................... 7.2 0.6 0.043

Hawaii...................................... 1.3 -5.3 -0.068

Idaho....................................... 1.5 4.0 0.062

Montana................................... 0.9 -2.5 -0.023

Nevada..................................... 3.3 -5.9 -0.195

New Mexico............................... 1.6 -1.7 -0.027

Oregon..................................... 4.4 -1.9 -0.084

Utah........................................ 3.8 -0.8 -0.030

Washington................................ 11.2 -2.9 -0.325

Wyoming................................... 0.7 -1.6 -0.011

14