For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, January 3, 2024 USDL-24-0001

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2023

The number of job openings changed little at 8.8 million on the last business day of November, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations

decreased to 5.5 million and 5.3 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.5 million) edged 

down and layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the 

number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 

establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of November, the number of job openings changed little at 8.8 million; this 

measure is down from a series high of 12.0 million in March 2022. The job openings rate was 

unchanged at 5.3 percent. Over the month, job openings decreased in transportation, warehousing, and 

utilities (-128,000) and in federal government (-58,000). Job openings increased in wholesale trade

(+63,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In November, the number of hires decreased to 5.5 million (-363,000). The hires rate was little changed 

at 3.5 percent. The number of hires decreased in professional and business services (-163,000).

(See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ 

willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the 

 4.4

 4.8

 5.2

 5.6

 6.0

 6.4

 6.8

 7.2

 7.6

Nov-21 May-22 Nov-22 May-23 Nov-23

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

November 2021 - November 2023

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

Nov-21 May-22 Nov-22 May-23 Nov-23

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

November 2021 - November 2023
- 2 -

employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to 

other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in November decreased to 5.3 million (-292,000), and the rate was 

little changed at 3.4 percent. Over the month, the number of total separations decreased in professional 

and business services (-158,000) and in educational services (-28,000). (See table 3.)

In November, the number of quits edged down to 3.5 million (-157,000). The rate was little changed at 

2.2 percent. The number of quits decreased in professional and business services (-77,000) and in 

educational services (-23,000). (See table 4.)

In November, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.5 million, and the rate was 

unchanged at 1.0 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in durable goods 

manufacturing (-18,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations changed little in November at 342,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In November, the job openings, hires, and total separations rates changed little for establishments with 1 

to 9 employees. The quits rate and total separations rate increased for establishments with 5,000 or more

employees. (See table 7.)

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for December 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, January 30, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 10,746 8,852 8,790 6,253 5,828 5,465 5,945 5,632 5,340

Total private....................................... 9,671 7,845 7,817 5,825 5,446 5,096 5,582 5,328 5,009

Mining and logging............................. 42 23 31 24 23 21 17 24 23

Construction.................................... 348 416 459 337 379 362 294 345 351

Manufacturing.................................. 829 561 547 407 370 358 393 376 362

Durable goods............................... 517 362 383 222 206 214 213 208 207

Nondurable goods........................... 312 200 164 186 164 144 181 168 155

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,531 1,299 1,276 1,253 1,137 1,057 1,299 1,134 1,107

Wholesale trade............................. 213 217 280 172 157 141 159 133 127

Retail trade................................... 852 550 592 706 661 602 713 670 661

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 465 532 404 375 318 313 426 331 319

Information...................................... 213 127 139 112 52 66 98 71 84

Financial activities.............................. 576 387 425 248 206 207 275 216 211

Finance and insurance..................... 405 253 290 162 132 134 197 141 142

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 171 133 135 86 74 72 77 75 69

Professional and business services......... 2,121 1,642 1,609 1,163 1,146 983 1,166 1,164 1,006

Education and health services............... 2,068 1,861 1,871 863 892 872 779 814 761

Educational services........................ 160 172 158 98 106 93 86 108 80

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,908 1,689 1,713 765 787 779 694 706 682

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,629 1,240 1,143 1,203 1,037 965 1,093 987 922

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 164 183 164 160 157 141 143 135 134

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 1,465 1,057 979 1,043 880 824 950 852 788

Other services.................................. 314 289 318 214 204 205 168 198 182

Government....................................... 1,075 1,008 973 428 382 369 364 304 331

Federal.......................................... 138 180 122 39 41 37 40 36 39

State and local................................. 937 827 851 389 341 331 324 268 292

State and local education.................. 336 299 303 191 181 171 157 135 153

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 601 529 549 198 160 161 167 133 138

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 6.5 5.3 5.3 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.4

Total private....................................... 6.8 5.5 5.5 4.4 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.0 3.7

Mining and logging............................. 6.3 3.4 4.6 3.8 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.7 3.6

Construction.................................... 4.3 4.9 5.4 4.3 4.7 4.5 3.8 4.3 4.4

Manufacturing.................................. 6.0 4.1 4.0 3.1 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8

Durable goods............................... 6.0 4.3 4.5 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5

Nondurable goods........................... 6.0 4.0 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.0 3.7 3.5 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.1 4.3 4.2 4.4 3.9 3.7 4.5 3.9 3.8

Wholesale trade............................. 3.4 3.4 4.4 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.1

Retail trade................................... 5.2 3.4 3.7 4.6 4.3 3.9 4.6 4.3 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 6.0 6.8 5.3 5.2 4.4 4.3 5.9 4.6 4.4

Information...................................... 6.4 4.0 4.4 3.6 1.7 2.2 3.1 2.4 2.8

Financial activities.............................. 6.0 4.1 4.4 2.7 2.3 2.3 3.0 2.4 2.3

Finance and insurance..................... 5.7 3.6 4.1 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.9 2.1 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 6.6 5.2 5.2 3.6 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.1 2.8

Professional and business services......... 8.5 6.7 6.5 5.1 5.0 4.3 5.1 5.1 4.4

Education and health services............... 7.7 6.8 6.8 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0

Educational services........................ 4.0 4.2 3.8 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.0

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 8.4 7.2 7.3 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.1

Leisure and hospitality........................ 9.1 6.9 6.4 7.4 6.2 5.7 6.7 5.9 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 6.4 6.8 6.1 6.7 6.3 5.6 6.0 5.4 5.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 9.6 6.9 6.4 7.5 6.2 5.8 6.8 6.0 5.5

Other services.................................. 5.2 4.7 5.1 3.7 3.5 3.5 2.9 3.4 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Government....................................... 4.6 4.2 4.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4

Federal.......................................... 4.6 5.8 4.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3

State and local................................. 4.6 4.0 4.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.5

State and local education.................. 3.2 2.7 2.8 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.4

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 6.2 5.3 5.5 2.2 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 

industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 

North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists, and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work; and positions to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings—that is, all filled and 

unfilled jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability, and deaths.

Excluded from separations measures are transfers 

within the same location; employees on strike; and 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. 

The sampling frame is made up of 

establishments from two sources: the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the 

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The QCEW 

database contains establishments that cover 

approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in 

the United States. This database is a compilation of 

administrative data from state unemployment 

insurance (UI) programs and federal government 

establishments covered by the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) 

program. A frame of railroad establishments is 

provided by the FRA. This is added to the QCEW 

database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame.

The JOLTS estimation method involves the 

following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, 

item nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking 

and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and 

death model estimation, estimates review and outlier 

selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and 

variance estimates. Establishment size class levels are 

also produced. Detailed information about the 

estimation method can be found in the Handbook of 

Methods at 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through 

which the JOLTS weighted employment for each 

estimation cell is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells 

are benchmarked monthly to the current employment 

level from the BLS Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked

to ensure that JOLTS weighted employment is equal 

to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many new establishments fail within the 

first year, referred to as a death. Because new and 

short-lived universe establishments cannot be 

reflected in the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, 

and separations from these establishments during 

their early existence. BLS has developed a 

birth/death model that uses establishment birth and 

death activity from previous years as collected by the 

QCEW and projects forward to the present using 

over-the-year change in the CES. The birth/death 

model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate 

the amount of churn (meaning the rates of hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate 

the number of hires and separations that take place in 

these establishments that cannot be measured through 

sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences between the two surveys, as well as 

sampling and nonsampling errors, historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.
Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the 

seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) 

is used to seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each 

month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 

including the current month, to calculate new 

seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are 

used as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. 

JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive 

and multiplicative models, as well as regression with 

autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to 

improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 

beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The

JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the 

issuance of data for January. Five years of data are 

subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 

1) benchmarks based on CES employment estimates 

newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal 

adjustment factors, and 3) any needed special 

adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels for each data element by the

sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment 

levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error. 

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. Sampling error estimates are available 

at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Total............................................... 10,746 9,497 9,350 8,852 8,790 -62 6.5 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.3 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 9,671 8,433 8,381 7,845 7,817 -28 6.8 5.9 5.9 5.5 5.5 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 42 30 35 23 31 8 6.3 4.5 5.2 3.4 4.6 1.2

Construction................................ 348 375 427 416 459 43 4.3 4.5 5.1 4.9 5.4 0.5

Manufacturing.............................. 829 604 601 561 547 -14 6.0 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 517 378 357 362 383 21 6.0 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.5 0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 312 226 243 200 164 -36 6.0 4.5 4.8 4.0 3.3 -0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,531 1,309 1,333 1,299 1,276 -23 5.1 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 213 236 233 217 280 63 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.4 4.4 1.0

Retail trade............................... 852 651 645 550 592 42 5.2 4.0 4.0 3.4 3.7 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 465 421 455 532 404 -128 6.0 5.5 5.9 6.8 5.3 -1.5

Information.................................. 213 201 133 127 139 12 6.4 6.1 4.1 4.0 4.4 0.4

Financial activities......................... 576 553 616 387 425 38 6.0 5.7 6.3 4.1 4.4 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 405 410 441 253 290 37 5.7 5.8 6.2 3.6 4.1 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 171 142 175 133 135 2 6.6 5.5 6.7 5.2 5.2 0.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 2,121 1,737 1,658 1,642 1,609 -33 8.5 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.5 -0.2

Education and health services........... 2,068 1,971 1,906 1,861 1,871 10 7.7 7.2 6.9 6.8 6.8 0.0

Educational services.................... 160 164 177 172 158 -14 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.2 3.8 -0.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,908 1,808 1,729 1,689 1,713 24 8.4 7.7 7.4 7.2 7.3 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,629 1,233 1,359 1,240 1,143 -97 9.1 6.9 7.5 6.9 6.4 -0.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 164 166 190 183 164 -19 6.4 6.3 7.1 6.8 6.1 -0.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,465 1,068 1,168 1,057 979 -78 9.6 7.0 7.6 6.9 6.4 -0.5

Other services.............................. 314 420 313 289 318 29 5.2 6.7 5.1 4.7 5.1 0.4

Government................................... 1,075 1,064 970 1,008 973 -35 4.6 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Federal...................................... 138 174 162 180 122 -58 4.6 5.6 5.2 5.8 4.0 -1.8

State and local............................. 937 890 808 827 851 24 4.6 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.1 0.1

State and local education.............. 336 330 307 299 303 4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 601 560 501 529 549 20 6.2 5.7 5.1 5.3 5.5 0.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,645 1,548 1,571 1,523 1,494 -29 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 -0.1

South........................................... 4,323 3,763 3,804 3,521 3,393 -128 7.0 6.1 6.1 5.7 5.5 -0.2

Midwest........................................ 2,270 2,085 2,002 1,921 2,023 102 6.4 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.7 0.3

West............................................ 2,507 2,101 1,973 1,887 1,880 -7 6.4 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.8 0.0

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Total............................................... 6,253 5,850 5,904 5,828 5,465 -363 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.5 -0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,825 5,475 5,536 5,446 5,096 -350 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Mining and logging......................... 24 27 22 23 21 -2 3.8 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Construction................................ 337 372 309 379 362 -17 4.3 4.6 3.9 4.7 4.5 -0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 407 392 390 370 358 -12 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 0.0

Durable goods........................... 222 203 214 206 214 8 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 186 189 176 164 144 -20 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.0 -0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,253 1,118 1,216 1,137 1,057 -80 4.4 3.9 4.2 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 172 146 161 157 141 -16 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.3 -0.3

Retail trade............................... 706 656 750 661 602 -59 4.6 4.2 4.8 4.3 3.9 -0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 375 317 305 318 313 -5 5.2 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Information.................................. 112 71 74 52 66 14 3.6 2.3 2.4 1.7 2.2 0.5

Financial activities......................... 248 212 202 206 207 1 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 0.0

Finance and insurance................. 162 142 125 132 134 2 2.4 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 86 70 77 74 72 -2 3.6 2.9 3.2 3.0 2.9 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,163 1,108 1,095 1,146 983 -163 5.1 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.3 -0.7

Education and health services........... 863 893 863 892 872 -20 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Educational services.................... 98 95 96 106 93 -13 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.3 -0.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 765 798 767 787 779 -8 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,203 1,077 1,148 1,037 965 -72 7.4 6.5 6.9 6.2 5.7 -0.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 160 165 155 157 141 -16 6.7 6.7 6.2 6.3 5.6 -0.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,043 911 993 880 824 -56 7.5 6.4 7.0 6.2 5.8 -0.4

Other services.............................. 214 206 217 204 205 1 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 0.0

Government................................... 428 375 368 382 369 -13 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 -0.1

Federal...................................... 39 41 44 41 37 -4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 -0.1

State and local............................. 389 334 324 341 331 -10 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 0.0

State and local education.............. 191 175 170 181 171 -10 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 198 159 154 160 161 1 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 913 933 930 889 881 -8 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 -0.1

South........................................... 2,599 2,518 2,515 2,402 2,329 -73 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 1,300 1,200 1,185 1,232 1,160 -72 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 -0.2

West............................................ 1,441 1,200 1,274 1,304 1,095 -209 4.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 2.9 -0.6

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Total............................................... 5,945 5,687 5,595 5,632 5,340 -292 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 -0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,582 5,343 5,288 5,328 5,009 -319 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.7 -0.3

Mining and logging......................... 17 26 21 24 23 -1 2.7 4.0 3.3 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Construction................................ 294 344 312 345 351 6 3.8 4.3 3.9 4.3 4.4 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 393 384 382 376 362 -14 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 213 192 207 208 207 -1 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 -0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 181 193 175 168 155 -13 3.7 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.2 -0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,299 1,119 1,181 1,134 1,107 -27 4.5 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 159 139 154 133 127 -6 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.1 -0.1

Retail trade............................... 713 655 731 670 661 -9 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.3 4.3 0.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 426 325 296 331 319 -12 5.9 4.5 4.1 4.6 4.4 -0.2

Information.................................. 98 68 81 71 84 13 3.1 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.8 0.4

Financial activities......................... 275 215 204 216 211 -5 3.0 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Finance and insurance................. 197 141 127 141 142 1 2.9 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.1 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 77 74 77 75 69 -6 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.8 -0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,166 1,123 1,067 1,164 1,006 -158 5.1 4.9 4.6 5.1 4.4 -0.7

Education and health services........... 779 800 766 814 761 -53 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Educational services.................... 86 88 91 108 80 -28 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.0 -0.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 694 712 675 706 682 -24 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,093 1,048 1,080 987 922 -65 6.7 6.3 6.5 5.9 5.5 -0.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 143 160 167 135 134 -1 6.0 6.5 6.7 5.4 5.3 -0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 950 888 914 852 788 -64 6.8 6.3 6.4 6.0 5.5 -0.5

Other services.............................. 168 215 194 198 182 -16 2.9 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.1 -0.3

Government................................... 364 344 306 304 331 27 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.1

Federal...................................... 40 32 41 36 39 3 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.1

State and local............................. 324 312 266 268 292 24 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 0.2

State and local education.............. 157 165 136 135 153 18 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 167 148 129 133 138 5 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 797 752 781 989 819 -170 2.9 2.7 2.8 3.5 2.9 -0.6

South........................................... 2,412 2,402 2,366 2,320 2,097 -223 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.6 -0.4

Midwest........................................ 1,183 1,291 1,191 1,129 1,170 41 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.5 0.1

West............................................ 1,554 1,241 1,256 1,193 1,255 62 4.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4 0.2

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Total............................................... 4,148 3,663 3,646 3,628 3,471 -157 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,932 3,455 3,460 3,448 3,281 -167 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Mining and logging......................... 11 15 12 14 14 0 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.2 2.2 0.0

Construction................................ 135 159 138 173 173 0 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.2 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 267 230 231 234 236 2 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.0

Durable goods........................... 143 107 123 127 140 13 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 125 123 108 107 96 -11 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.0 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,002 759 826 774 759 -15 3.5 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 101 97 84 80 71 -9 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Retail trade............................... 598 466 554 491 485 -6 3.9 3.0 3.6 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 303 196 188 203 203 0 4.2 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 0.0

Information.................................. 41 23 45 44 42 -2 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.0

Financial activities......................... 131 141 133 124 124 0 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.0

Finance and insurance................. 82 94 92 88 83 -5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 49 47 41 35 42 7 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.7 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 733 617 591 676 599 -77 3.2 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.6 -0.3

Education and health services........... 619 575 550 570 543 -27 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 -0.1

Educational services.................... 54 52 58 74 51 -23 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.3 -0.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 565 523 492 496 492 -4 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 884 812 814 727 682 -45 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 78 105 86 71 69 -2 3.3 4.2 3.5 2.8 2.7 -0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 807 707 729 656 613 -43 5.8 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.3 -0.3

Other services.............................. 108 125 120 113 109 -4 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 -0.1

Government................................... 217 208 186 180 190 10 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.0

Federal...................................... 19 15 18 16 17 1 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.1

State and local............................. 198 193 168 164 173 9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1

State and local education.............. 100 92 87 80 90 10 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 98 101 81 84 83 -1 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 504 418 489 516 491 -25 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 0.0

South........................................... 1,760 1,669 1,632 1,592 1,411 -181 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.4 -0.3

Midwest........................................ 798 802 738 771 810 39 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.4 0.1

West............................................ 1,087 774 787 750 759 9 3.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 0.0

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Total............................................... 1,485 1,682 1,610 1,643 1,527 -116 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,409 1,592 1,542 1,561 1,446 -115 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Mining and logging......................... 5 9 9 7 7 0 0.8 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.2

Construction................................ 146 175 157 163 171 8 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 101 136 131 122 103 -19 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 53 76 70 67 49 -18 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 -0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 47 60 61 55 54 -1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 255 290 290 285 295 10 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 49 33 64 47 47 0 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.0

Retail trade............................... 96 154 136 131 148 17 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 110 103 90 108 100 -8 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.4 -0.1

Information.................................. 46 28 24 15 32 17 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.5

Financial activities......................... 122 48 55 62 58 -4 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 -0.1

Finance and insurance................. 102 27 24 38 37 -1 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 19 21 31 24 21 -3 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 360 431 401 409 343 -66 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.5 -0.3

Education and health services........... 133 183 174 196 163 -33 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 -0.2

Educational services.................... 22 34 28 30 24 -6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 111 149 146 167 139 -28 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 -0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 187 217 240 236 215 -21 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 63 52 78 61 62 1 2.7 2.1 3.1 2.4 2.5 0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 124 165 162 175 153 -22 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Other services.............................. 55 75 61 66 59 -7 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Government................................... 75 90 68 82 81 -1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0

Federal...................................... 7 6 8 8 8 0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

State and local............................. 69 84 60 74 73 -1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0

State and local education.............. 29 52 34 46 40 -6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 40 32 26 28 33 5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 239 265 227 401 255 -146 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.9 -0.5

South........................................... 548 599 632 570 559 -11 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

Midwest........................................ 327 437 389 299 296 -3 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.0

West............................................ 372 381 362 373 417 44 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Total............................................... 312 342 339 361 342 -19 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 240 295 286 319 283 -36 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 1 3 1 -2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.2

Construction................................ 14 10 16 10 7 -3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 26 18 20 20 23 3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Durable goods........................... 17 8 14 14 18 4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 9 10 6 6 5 -1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 41 70 65 75 53 -22 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 9 9 6 7 8 1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Retail trade............................... 19 36 41 48 28 -20 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 13 26 18 20 17 -3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Information.................................. 12 17 12 12 10 -2 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Financial activities......................... 22 26 16 30 29 -1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

Finance and insurance................. 14 20 11 15 23 8 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 9 5 5 15 6 -9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 -0.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 72 76 76 79 64 -15 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

Education and health services........... 27 42 42 48 55 7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Educational services.................... 9 3 5 4 5 1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 18 39 37 44 50 6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 21 19 26 23 25 2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 2 3 3 3 3 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 20 16 23 21 22 1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Other services.............................. 5 16 13 19 14 -5 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Government................................... 72 47 53 42 60 18 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Federal...................................... 14 11 15 11 14 3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.1

State and local............................. 58 36 38 31 46 15 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local education.............. 29 21 15 10 24 14 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 29 15 23 21 22 1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 54 69 65 73 72 -1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

South........................................... 104 133 102 159 127 -32 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 58 53 64 59 64 5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

West............................................ 95 87 108 70 79 9 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct. 2023 -

Nov. 2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct. 2023 -

Nov. 2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private.......................... 9,671 8,433 8,381 7,845 7,817 -28 6.8 5.9 5.9 5.5 5.5 0.0

1 to 9 employees.................. 1,724 1,699 1,930 1,691 1,724 33 7.2 7.5 8.3 7.4 7.4 0.0

10 to 49 employees............... 3,018 2,326 2,456 2,284 2,402 118 6.6 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.1 -0.1

50 to 249 employees............. 2,761 2,400 2,219 2,057 1,894 -163 6.9 5.6 5.4 5.0 4.8 -0.2

250 to 999 employees............ 1,180 1,107 950 1,008 1,008 0 6.4 5.7 5.1 5.1 5.3 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 665 607 584 577 556 -21 7.1 6.6 6.5 5.9 6.4 0.5

5,000 or more employees........ 322 294 242 228 232 4 7.5 6.3 5.3 5.0 4.9 -0.1

HIRES

Total private.......................... 5,825 5,475 5,536 5,446 5,096 -350 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.8 -0.3

1 to 9 employees.................. 715 836 889 895 947 52 3.2 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4 0.2

10 to 49 employees............... 1,997 1,635 1,678 1,603 1,526 -77 4.7 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.4 -0.4

50 to 249 employees............. 1,856 1,791 1,808 1,752 1,470 -282 5.0 4.4 4.6 4.5 3.9 -0.6

250 to 999 employees............ 807 808 752 794 760 -34 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.3 0.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 370 323 325 323 317 -6 4.3 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.9 0.4

5,000 or more employees........ 80 82 84 78 75 -3 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 -0.1

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................... 5,582 5,343 5,288 5,328 5,009 -319 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.7 -0.3

1 to 9 employees.................. 813 763 760 799 680 -119 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.2 -0.6

10 to 49 employees............... 1,776 1,631 1,747 1,610 1,620 10 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.6 -0.3

50 to 249 employees............. 1,753 1,711 1,738 1,731 1,588 -143 4.7 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.2 -0.3

250 to 999 employees............ 800 842 700 772 739 -33 4.6 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.1 0.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 372 328 280 363 317 -46 4.3 3.8 3.3 4.0 3.9 -0.1

5,000 or more employees........ 67 68 64 53 66 13 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.5 0.3

QUITS

Total private........................ 3,932 3,455 3,460 3,448 3,281 -167 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 -0.2

1 to 9 employees............... 525 465 362 486 446 -40 2.4 2.2 1.7 2.3 2.1 -0.2

10 to 49 employees............ 1,337 1,072 1,292 1,091 1,134 43 3.1 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.5 -0.1

50 to 249 employees........... 1,261 1,197 1,197 1,110 1,050 -60 3.4 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.8 -0.1

250 to 999 employees......... 522 506 418 503 434 -69 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.4 -0.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 243 173 154 226 174 -52 2.8 2.0 1.8 2.5 2.1 -0.4

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 43 43 38 32 42 10 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.2

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private........................ 1,409 1,592 1,542 1,561 1,446 -115 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 -0.1

1 to 9 employees............... 210 203 319 231 203 -28 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.1 0.9 -0.2

10 to 49 employees............ 384 482 370 421 372 -49 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.8 -0.2

50 to 249 employees........... 440 452 472 543 468 -75 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 -0.2

250 to 999 employees......... 251 304 255 241 264 23 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 110 133 108 112 124 12 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.3

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 15 17 17 13 15 2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private........................ 240 295 286 319 283 -36 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 79 95 79 82 31 -51 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.3

10 to 49 employees............ 55 76 85 98 114 16 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

50 to 249 employees........... 52 62 69 78 70 -8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

250 to 999 employees......... 26 32 28 27 41 14 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 19 22 18 26 18 -8 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 9 9 8 9 8 -1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 10,031 9,315 8,140 6.1 5.6 4.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 8,999 8,382 7,201 6.3 5.9 5.1

Mining and logging............................................... 41 23 33 6.1 3.4 4.8

Construction....................................................... 283 441 390 3.5 5.1 4.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 811 573 547 5.9 4.2 4.0

Durable goods.................................................. 507 368 384 5.9 4.3 4.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 303 205 163 5.8 4.0 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,418 1,417 1,130 4.6 4.7 3.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 191 222 257 3.1 3.5 4.0

Retail trade..................................................... 775 658 494 4.7 4.1 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 451 537 379 5.7 6.9 4.8

Information........................................................ 199 123 126 5.9 3.9 4.0

Financial activities................................................ 547 438 397 5.7 4.6 4.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 389 289 274 5.5 4.1 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 157 149 123 6.1 5.7 4.8

Professional and business services............................ 1,939 1,795 1,482 7.8 7.2 6.0

Education and health services.................................. 1,963 2,009 1,768 7.3 7.2 6.3

Educational services.......................................... 150 181 143 3.6 4.2 3.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,814 1,827 1,624 8.0 7.7 6.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,506 1,263 1,043 8.6 7.0 5.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 142 183 126 5.9 6.9 5.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,364 1,080 916 9.0 7.1 6.1

Other services.................................................... 293 301 286 4.8 4.9 4.6

Government.......................................................... 1,032 933 939 4.3 3.9 3.9

Federal............................................................. 135 163 117 4.5 5.2 3.8

State and local.................................................... 898 770 821 4.3 3.7 3.9

State and local education..................................... 316 280 286 2.9 2.5 2.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 581 490 536 6.0 5.0 5.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,537 1,589 1,378 5.2 5.3 4.6

South................................................................. 3,988 3,693 3,085 6.4 5.9 5.0

Midwest............................................................... 2,105 1,975 1,903 6.0 5.5 5.3

West.................................................................. 2,401 2,058 1,774 6.1 5.2 4.5

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 5,789 6,235 4,947 3.7 3.9 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,448 5,883 4,654 4.1 4.4 3.4

Mining and logging............................................... 19 23 17 3.1 3.5 2.6

Construction....................................................... 247 397 271 3.1 4.8 3.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 348 373 303 2.7 2.9 2.3

Durable goods.................................................. 190 209 184 2.4 2.6 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 158 164 119 3.2 3.4 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,569 1,399 1,309 5.4 4.8 4.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 141 165 113 2.3 2.7 1.9

Retail trade..................................................... 841 760 702 5.3 4.9 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 587 474 493 7.9 6.5 6.6

Information........................................................ 106 63 64 3.4 2.1 2.1

Financial activities................................................ 221 223 183 2.4 2.4 2.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 147 144 122 2.2 2.1 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 73 79 61 3.0 3.2 2.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,062 1,223 894 4.6 5.3 3.8

Education and health services.................................. 715 961 710 2.9 3.7 2.7

Educational services.......................................... 69 112 59 1.7 2.7 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 647 849 652 3.1 3.9 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 994 1,021 747 6.2 6.1 4.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 111 116 93 4.9 4.7 3.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 883 906 654 6.4 6.4 4.6

Other services.................................................... 167 201 157 2.9 3.4 2.7

Government.......................................................... 341 352 293 1.5 1.5 1.3

Federal............................................................. 49 43 43 1.7 1.5 1.5

State and local.................................................... 291 309 250 1.5 1.5 1.2

State and local education..................................... 129 166 116 1.2 1.5 1.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 162 143 134 1.8 1.5 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 804 919 757 2.9 3.3 2.7

South................................................................. 2,395 2,573 2,107 4.1 4.4 3.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,225 1,277 1,053 3.7 3.8 3.1

West.................................................................. 1,365 1,467 1,030 3.7 3.9 2.7

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 5,276 5,689 4,660 3.4 3.6 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,012 5,414 4,422 3.8 4.0 3.3

Mining and logging............................................... 14 24 18 2.2 3.7 2.8

Construction....................................................... 299 377 359 3.8 4.6 4.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 325 366 297 2.5 2.8 2.3

Durable goods.................................................. 168 201 169 2.1 2.5 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 157 165 128 3.2 3.4 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,199 1,120 1,004 4.1 3.9 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 143 133 104 2.4 2.2 1.7

Retail trade..................................................... 663 659 605 4.2 4.2 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 393 329 295 5.3 4.5 4.0

Information........................................................ 86 70 73 2.7 2.3 2.4

Financial activities................................................ 210 205 177 2.3 2.2 1.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 147 131 119 2.2 2.0 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 63 74 57 2.6 3.0 2.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,096 1,145 930 4.8 4.9 4.0

Education and health services.................................. 633 789 612 2.5 3.0 2.3

Educational services.......................................... 53 79 46 1.3 1.9 1.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 580 711 566 2.8 3.3 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,004 1,128 806 6.3 6.8 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 167 176 155 7.4 7.1 6.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 836 952 651 6.1 6.7 4.6

Other services.................................................... 146 190 148 2.5 3.2 2.5

Government.......................................................... 264 274 238 1.2 1.2 1.0

Federal............................................................. 35 39 35 1.2 1.3 1.2

State and local.................................................... 230 235 203 1.2 1.2 1.0

State and local education..................................... 85 97 84 0.8 0.9 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 145 138 120 1.6 1.5 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 715 998 729 2.6 3.5 2.6

South................................................................. 2,077 2,339 1,748 3.6 4.0 3.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,111 1,160 1,075 3.3 3.4 3.2

West.................................................................. 1,373 1,191 1,108 3.7 3.2 3.0

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 3,589 3,703 2,911 2.3 2.3 1.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,425 3,536 2,767 2.6 2.6 2.0

Mining and logging............................................... 8 15 11 1.3 2.3 1.6

Construction....................................................... 103 181 141 1.3 2.2 1.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 206 230 181 1.6 1.8 1.4

Durable goods.................................................. 104 122 107 1.3 1.5 1.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 102 108 74 2.1 2.2 1.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 921 798 681 3.1 2.8 2.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 88 80 51 1.5 1.3 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 552 513 440 3.5 3.3 2.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 281 205 189 3.8 2.8 2.5

Information........................................................ 36 43 36 1.2 1.4 1.2

Financial activities................................................ 116 121 109 1.3 1.3 1.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 69 85 69 1.0 1.3 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 48 37 40 2.0 1.5 1.6

Professional and business services............................ 658 705 536 2.9 3.0 2.3

Education and health services.................................. 514 580 445 2.1 2.2 1.7

Educational services.......................................... 36 60 32 0.9 1.5 0.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 478 521 414 2.3 2.4 1.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 780 752 556 4.9 4.5 3.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 62 70 50 2.8 2.8 2.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 718 682 506 5.2 4.8 3.6

Other services.................................................... 82 109 72 1.4 1.9 1.2

Government.......................................................... 164 166 144 0.7 0.7 0.6

Federal............................................................. 17 17 15 0.6 0.6 0.5

State and local.................................................... 146 150 129 0.7 0.7 0.6

State and local education..................................... 61 60 55 0.6 0.5 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 85 90 74 0.9 1.0 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 434 523 412 1.6 1.9 1.5

South................................................................. 1,511 1,638 1,169 2.6 2.8 2.0

Midwest............................................................... 704 793 707 2.1 2.4 2.1

West.................................................................. 940 748 624 2.6 2.0 1.7

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 1,435 1,637 1,456 0.9 1.0 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,382 1,566 1,402 1.0 1.2 1.0

Mining and logging............................................... 5 6 6 0.7 1.0 1.0

Construction....................................................... 183 186 212 2.3 2.3 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 99 119 96 0.8 0.9 0.7

Durable goods.................................................. 52 67 46 0.6 0.8 0.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 47 53 50 1.0 1.1 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 239 247 275 0.8 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 46 46 45 0.8 0.8 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 93 101 139 0.6 0.7 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 101 99 91 1.3 1.4 1.2

Information........................................................ 39 14 27 1.2 0.5 0.9

Financial activities................................................ 84 63 46 0.9 0.7 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 71 34 31 1.1 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 13 29 15 0.6 1.2 0.6

Professional and business services............................ 368 363 335 1.6 1.6 1.4

Education and health services.................................. 101 168 124 0.4 0.6 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 12 16 12 0.3 0.4 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 88 152 112 0.4 0.7 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 204 339 218 1.3 2.0 1.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 103 103 101 4.6 4.2 4.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 100 236 117 0.7 1.7 0.8

Other services.................................................... 62 60 65 1.1 1.0 1.1

Government.......................................................... 53 71 53 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 7 11 8 0.2 0.4 0.3

State and local.................................................... 47 60 45 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local education..................................... 11 29 17 0.1 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 36 30 28 0.4 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 238 400 254 0.9 1.4 0.9

South................................................................. 484 540 474 0.8 0.9 0.8

Midwest............................................................... 362 316 317 1.1 0.9 0.9

West.................................................................. 352 381 411 1.0 1.0 1.1

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 252 349 293 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 205 312 253 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 3 1 0.1 0.4 0.2

Construction....................................................... 13 9 6 0.2 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 20 17 20 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 12 12 16 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 5 4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 38 75 48 0.1 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 9 7 8 0.1 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 18 44 25 0.1 0.3 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 12 25 15 0.2 0.3 0.2

Information........................................................ 11 13 10 0.3 0.4 0.3

Financial activities................................................ 10 21 22 0.1 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 7 12 20 0.1 0.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 2 9 3 0.1 0.4 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 71 76 59 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 19 41 43 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 5 3 3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 14 38 40 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 20 37 32 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 3 4 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 18 34 29 0.1 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 2 20 11 0.0 0.3 0.2

Government.......................................................... 47 37 40 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 11 12 11 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 36 25 29 0.2 0.1 0.1

State and local education..................................... 13 7 12 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 24 18 18 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 42 74 64 0.2 0.3 0.2

South................................................................. 83 163 106 0.1 0.3 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 45 50 51 0.1 0.1 0.2

West.................................................................. 82 62 73 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private............................................................ 8,999 8,382 7,201 6.3 5.9 5.1

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 1,430 1,999 1,461 6.0 8.5 6.3

10 to 49 employees................................................. 2,794 2,395 2,235 6.1 5.4 4.7

50 to 249 employees............................................... 2,624 2,083 1,757 6.5 5.1 4.4

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 1,148 1,061 966 6.2 5.4 5.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 669 607 543 7.1 6.2 6.2

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 333 236 240 7.7 5.1 5.1

HIRES

Total private............................................................ 5,448 5,883 4,654 4.1 4.4 3.4

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 557 1,031 740 2.5 4.8 3.4

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,783 1,634 1,336 4.2 3.9 3.0

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,763 1,801 1,358 4.7 4.6 3.6

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 841 895 775 4.9 4.8 4.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 428 432 376 4.9 4.7 4.6

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 77 89 71 1.9 2.0 1.6

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private............................................................ 5,012 5,414 4,422 3.8 4.0 3.3

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 696 831 550 3.1 3.9 2.5

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,571 1,618 1,406 3.7 3.9 3.1

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,617 1,754 1,432 4.3 4.5 3.8

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 722 785 665 4.2 4.2 3.7

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 348 369 314 4.0 4.0 3.8

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 58 57 57 1.4 1.3 1.3

QUITS

Total private.......................................................... 3,425 3,536 2,767 2.6 2.6 2.0

1 to 9 employees................................................. 409 536 321 1.8 2.5 1.5

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 1,157 1,094 957 2.7 2.6 2.1

50 to 249 employees............................................. 1,126 1,112 901 3.0 2.8 2.4

250 to 999 employees........................................... 473 521 381 2.7 2.8 2.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 224 238 171 2.6 2.6 2.1

5,000 or more employees....................................... 36 35 36 0.9 0.8 0.8

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private.......................................................... 1,382 1,566 1,402 1.0 1.2 1.0

1 to 9 employees................................................. 218 215 201 1.0 1.0 0.9

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 369 428 343 0.9 1.0 0.8

50 to 249 employees............................................. 449 570 472 1.2 1.5 1.2

250 to 999 employees........................................... 227 239 246 1.3 1.3 1.4

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 106 102 127 1.2 1.1 1.5

5,000 or more employees....................................... 13 13 14 0.3 0.3 0.3

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................................................... 205 312 253 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 9 employees................................................. 70 81 27 0.3 0.4 0.1

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 45 96 106 0.1 0.2 0.2

50 to 249 employees............................................. 42 72 59 0.1 0.2 0.2

250 to 999 employees........................................... 22 25 38 0.1 0.1 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 18 29 16 0.2 0.3 0.2

5,000 or more employees....................................... 8 9 7 0.2 0.2 0.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.