For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 17, 2020 USDL-20-0048

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2019

The number of job openings fell to 6.8 million (-561,000) on the last business day of November, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little 

changed at 5.8 million and 5.6 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 

2.3 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.1 percent. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of November, the total nonfarm job openings level fell to 6.8 million

(-561,000). The job openings rate decreased to 4.3 percent. The job openings level decreased for total 

private (-520,000) and edged down for government (-42,000). The largest decreases in job openings 

were in retail trade (-139,000) and construction (-112,000). The number of job openings fell in the South 

and Midwest regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of total nonfarm hires was little changed at 5.8 million in November. The hires rate was 

unchanged at 3.8 percent. The hires level was little changed in all industries and regions. (See table 2.)

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

 4.2

 4.4

 4.6

 4.8

 5.0

Nov-16 May-17 Nov-17 May-18 Nov-18 May-19 Nov-19

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, November 2016 - November 2019

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

Nov-16 May-17 Nov-17 May-18 Nov-18 May-19 Nov-19

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted, November 2016 - November 2019
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In November, the number of total nonfarm total separations was little changed at 5.6 million and the 

rate was unchanged at 3.7 percent. The number of total separations increased in retail trade (+103,000). 

Total separations decreased in other services (-53,000) and in federal government (-13,000). The total 

separations level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of total nonfarm quits was little changed in November at 3.5 million and the rate was 

unchanged at 2.3 percent. Quits increased in retail trade (+118,000), wholesale trade (+26,000), and 

nondurable goods manufacturing (+19,000). Quits decreased in other services (-63,000). The number of 

quits increased in the South region. (See table 4.)

The number and rate of total nonfarm layoffs and discharges were little changed in November at 1.7

million and 1.1 percent, respectively. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private 

and edged down for government (-22,000). The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in federal 

government (-14,000). The layoffs and discharges level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 

5.)

The number of total nonfarm other separations was little changed in November. Other separations 

decreased in accommodation and food services (-13,000), real estate and rental and leasing (-5,000), and 

state and local government education (-5,000). The number of other separations was little changed in all 

four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in November, hires totaled 69.8 million and separations totaled 67.5 million, 

yielding a net employment gain of 2.3 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 

and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for December 2019 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, February 11, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 7,626 7,361 6,800 5,821 5,782 5,821 5,597 5,652 5,648

Total private....................................... 6,962 6,600 6,080 5,447 5,426 5,450 5,230 5,282 5,298

Mining and logging1............................ 35 23 21 32 27 25 35 27 29

Construction1................................... 279 326 214 393 488 423 380 456 406

Manufacturing.................................. 501 447 388 368 321 334 361 324 330

Durable goods1.............................. 315 307 270 202 184 192 203 193 192

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 185 140 117 166 137 143 157 131 138

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,642 1,487 1,241 1,183 1,114 1,170 1,141 1,086 1,193

Wholesale trade............................. 217 260 193 186 146 151 165 139 147

Retail trade................................... 1,103 884 745 744 712 773 741 708 811

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 322 343 303 253 257 245 235 240 236

Information1

..................................... 124 138 148 97 94 90 88 90 77

Financial activities.............................. 412 422 364 213 210 231 195 201 213

Finance and insurance..................... 324 324 262 135 131 144 132 125 140

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 88 98 102 79 79 86 63 76 74

Professional and business services......... 1,313 1,236 1,211 1,136 1,143 1,165 1,092 1,099 1,139

Education and health services............... 1,324 1,277 1,329 692 712 713 651 662 654

Educational services1

....................... 96 145 150 106 108 103 101 99 88

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,228 1,133 1,180 586 604 610 549 564 565

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,050 996 984 1,085 1,098 1,083 1,056 1,097 1,071

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 102 138 127 180 161 185 177 174 182

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 948 858 858 905 937 898 879 923 889

Other services.................................. 282 248 181 249 218 217 233 239 186

Government....................................... 665 761 719 375 356 371 367 370 351

Federal1

......................................... 110 120 100 44 40 45 35 54 41

State and local................................. 554 641 619 331 316 326 332 316 310

State and local education.................. 230 231 235 178 157 167 184 159 153

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 325 410 384 153 158 159 147 156 156

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.8 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7

Total private....................................... 5.2 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1

Mining and logging1

............................ 4.4 3.0 2.8 4.2 3.7 3.3 4.6 3.6 3.9

Construction1

................................... 3.6 4.2 2.8 5.3 6.5 5.6 5.2 6.1 5.4

Manufacturing.................................. 3.8 3.4 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.6

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.8 3.7 3.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.7 2.8 2.4 3.5 2.9 3.0 3.3 2.7 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.6 5.1 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.3

Wholesale trade............................. 3.6 4.2 3.1 3.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.5

Retail trade................................... 6.5 5.3 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.9 4.7 4.5 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 5.0 5.3 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8

Information1

..................................... 4.2 4.7 4.9 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.7

Financial activities.............................. 4.6 4.6 4.0 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.4

Finance and insurance..................... 4.9 4.8 3.9 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.7 4.0 4.2 3.4 3.4 3.7 2.8 3.3 3.1

Professional and business services......... 5.8 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.3

Education and health services............... 5.3 5.0 5.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7

Educational services1

....................... 2.5 3.6 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.8 5.2 5.4 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................ 6.0 5.6 5.5 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.0 5.3 4.8 7.4 6.5 7.4 7.3 7.0 7.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 6.3 5.6 5.6 6.4 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.2

Other services.................................. 4.6 4.0 2.9 4.2 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Government....................................... 2.9 3.3 3.1 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 3.8 4.1 3.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.4

State and local................................. 2.7 3.1 3.0 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

State and local education.................. 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.4 4.2 4.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total............................................... 7,626 7,174 7,301 7,032 7,361 6,800 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,962 6,462 6,562 6,314 6,600 6,080 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.5

Mining and logging3....................... 35 41 33 34 23 21 4.4 5.2 4.3 4.4 3.0 2.8

Construction3

............................... 279 360 384 327 326 214 3.6 4.6 4.9 4.2 4.2 2.8

Manufacturing.............................. 501 513 470 462 447 388 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.4 2.9

Durable goods3

.......................... 315 317 321 292 307 270 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 185 196 149 170 140 117 3.7 3.9 3.0 3.4 2.8 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,642 1,256 1,337 1,285 1,487 1,241 5.6 4.3 4.6 4.4 5.1 4.3

Wholesale trade......................... 217 169 193 202 260 193 3.6 2.8 3.2 3.3 4.2 3.1

Retail trade............................... 1,103 793 816 741 884 745 6.5 4.8 4.9 4.5 5.3 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 322 294 327 343 343 303 5.0 4.6 5.1 5.3 5.3 4.7

Information3................................. 124 177 137 162 138 148 4.2 5.9 4.6 5.4 4.7 4.9

Financial activities......................... 412 379 377 360 422 364 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.0

Finance and insurance................. 324 249 269 267 324 262 4.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.8 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 88 130 107 92 98 102 3.7 5.3 4.4 3.8 4.0 4.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,313 1,238 1,305 1,241 1,236 1,211 5.8 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.3

Education and health services........... 1,324 1,287 1,330 1,205 1,277 1,329 5.3 5.0 5.2 4.7 5.0 5.1

Educational services3................... 96 135 135 125 145 150 2.5 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,228 1,152 1,195 1,080 1,133 1,180 5.8 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.2 5.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,050 959 929 992 996 984 6.0 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 102 101 120 154 138 127 4.0 4.0 4.7 5.9 5.3 4.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 948 858 809 838 858 858 6.3 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6

Other services.............................. 282 252 261 245 248 181 4.6 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 2.9

Government................................... 665 712 739 719 761 719 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1

Federal3

..................................... 110 127 121 110 120 100 3.8 4.3 4.1 3.7 4.1 3.4

State and local............................. 554 585 618 608 641 619 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0

State and local education.............. 230 212 218 222 231 235 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 325 373 400 387 410 384 3.4 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.0

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,284 1,172 1,348 1,203 1,264 1,213 4.4 4.0 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.2

South........................................... 2,878 2,634 2,765 2,687 2,836 2,526 5.0 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.3

Midwest........................................ 1,805 1,690 1,569 1,563 1,675 1,469 5.2 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.8 4.2

West............................................ 1,660 1,677 1,620 1,580 1,586 1,591 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,821 5,978 5,884 5,951 5,782 5,821 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,447 5,620 5,489 5,596 5,426 5,450 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 32 23 21 25 27 25 4.2 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.7 3.3

Construction................................ 393 374 414 451 488 423 5.3 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 5.6

Manufacturing.............................. 368 338 337 338 321 334 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6

Durable goods........................... 202 190 192 194 184 192 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4

Nondurable goods....................... 166 148 145 144 137 143 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,183 1,233 1,173 1,197 1,114 1,170 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.2

Wholesale trade......................... 186 169 145 165 146 151 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.5

Retail trade............................... 744 804 782 788 712 773 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 253 260 245 244 257 245 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.0

Information.................................. 97 94 95 88 94 90 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.2

Financial activities......................... 213 256 235 230 210 231 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.6

Finance and insurance................. 135 163 148 145 131 144 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 79 94 86 85 79 86 3.4 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,136 1,180 1,163 1,209 1,143 1,165 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.4

Education and health services........... 692 750 686 719 712 713 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9

Educational services.................... 106 108 94 96 108 103 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 586 642 593 623 604 610 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,085 1,150 1,135 1,150 1,098 1,083 6.6 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.5 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 180 155 161 167 161 185 7.4 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.5 7.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 905 995 973 984 937 898 6.4 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.5 6.2

Other services.............................. 249 221 229 188 218 217 4.2 3.7 3.9 3.2 3.7 3.6

Government................................... 375 358 396 355 356 371 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 44 37 70 41 40 45 1.6 1.3 2.5 1.4 1.4 1.6

State and local............................. 331 322 325 314 316 326 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 178 172 169 154 157 167 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 153 150 156 160 158 159 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 924 964 935 900 919 934 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3

South........................................... 2,268 2,420 2,306 2,413 2,307 2,325 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,312 1,274 1,285 1,295 1,266 1,304 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9

West............................................ 1,318 1,320 1,358 1,343 1,290 1,258 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,597 5,810 5,732 5,798 5,652 5,648 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,230 5,473 5,385 5,454 5,282 5,298 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 35 27 28 24 27 29 4.6 3.6 3.7 3.2 3.6 3.9

Construction................................ 380 376 415 428 456 406 5.2 5.0 5.5 5.7 6.1 5.4

Manufacturing.............................. 361 326 320 349 324 330 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.6

Durable goods........................... 203 177 183 203 193 192 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4

Nondurable goods....................... 157 149 137 145 131 138 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,141 1,217 1,202 1,204 1,086 1,193 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.3

Wholesale trade......................... 165 165 145 167 139 147 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.5

Retail trade............................... 741 807 817 801 708 811 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.1 4.5 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 235 246 241 236 240 236 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8

Information.................................. 88 95 94 84 90 77 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.2 2.7

Financial activities......................... 195 231 240 215 201 213 2.3 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.4

Finance and insurance................. 132 140 151 132 125 140 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 63 91 89 83 76 74 2.8 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,092 1,148 1,145 1,168 1,099 1,139 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.3

Education and health services........... 651 682 633 655 662 654 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7

Educational services.................... 101 91 98 87 99 88 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 549 590 535 568 564 565 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,056 1,144 1,110 1,125 1,097 1,071 6.4 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 177 150 159 154 174 182 7.3 6.1 6.5 6.2 7.0 7.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 879 994 951 972 923 889 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.8 6.4 6.2

Other services.............................. 233 226 199 201 239 186 4.0 3.8 3.3 3.4 4.0 3.1

Government................................... 367 336 347 344 370 351 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 35 37 40 41 54 41 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.4

State and local............................. 332 300 307 304 316 310 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 184 158 153 153 159 153 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 147 142 154 151 156 156 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 790 870 914 863 923 905 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.2

South........................................... 2,253 2,237 2,287 2,301 2,114 2,144 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.9

Midwest........................................ 1,347 1,298 1,195 1,272 1,225 1,253 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.7

West............................................ 1,206 1,404 1,336 1,363 1,390 1,346 3.5 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total............................................... 3,379 3,668 3,601 3,471 3,497 3,536 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,184 3,487 3,419 3,288 3,317 3,350 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6

Mining and logging......................... 20 14 14 11 13 14 2.7 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.8

Construction................................ 174 177 182 187 184 159 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 226 195 197 214 198 213 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.7

Durable goods........................... 126 103 114 126 115 111 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4

Nondurable goods....................... 100 92 83 88 83 102 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 706 771 777 731 663 806 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.9

Wholesale trade......................... 95 89 87 80 64 90 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.5

Retail trade............................... 480 545 554 522 465 583 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.9 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 131 137 136 129 134 133 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2

Information.................................. 56 43 49 43 45 44 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6

Financial activities......................... 101 138 152 128 132 145 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.7

Finance and insurance................. 64 88 92 88 87 99 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 37 50 61 41 45 46 1.6 2.1 2.6 1.7 1.9 2.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 625 679 646 654 626 639 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0

Education and health services........... 451 485 459 442 462 450 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8

Educational services.................... 52 61 56 50 63 53 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 400 424 402 393 400 397 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 686 822 831 754 802 752 4.2 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.8 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 70 80 83 77 90 90 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 615 742 748 677 712 662 4.4 5.2 5.3 4.7 5.0 4.6

Other services.............................. 139 165 113 124 192 129 2.4 2.8 1.9 2.1 3.2 2.2

Government................................... 195 181 181 182 180 186 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 18 17 18 18 18 16 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local............................. 178 164 164 165 162 170 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

State and local education.............. 96 88 87 88 85 88 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 81 75 77 76 78 82 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 412 502 546 468 507 479 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.7

South........................................... 1,391 1,479 1,440 1,369 1,349 1,450 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6

Midwest........................................ 817 836 759 789 795 777 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3

West............................................ 759 852 856 845 846 829 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total............................................... 1,889 1,788 1,812 1,971 1,795 1,749 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,780 1,698 1,709 1,871 1,674 1,650 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging......................... 13 12 10 12 13 14 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9

Construction................................ 192 183 218 218 254 229 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.9 3.4 3.0

Manufacturing.............................. 109 112 104 112 106 95 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7

Durable goods........................... 60 63 57 65 64 66 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 49 49 48 48 43 29 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 366 372 368 400 355 301 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1

Wholesale trade3

........................ 50 63 54 77 66 45 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.8

Retail trade............................... 221 216 227 235 200 175 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 94 93 88 88 89 82 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3

Information.................................. 24 42 38 36 38 30 0.9 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1

Financial activities......................... 64 63 59 62 43 47 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5

Finance and insurance................. 44 27 33 25 18 20 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 20 36 26 37 25 26 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 426 410 441 456 416 441 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.0

Education and health services........... 166 159 137 178 165 172 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 45 26 36 33 29 31 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 121 133 100 145 136 141 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 329 296 257 335 249 285 2.0 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 100 67 71 72 79 86 4.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 230 229 186 263 170 199 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.4

Other services.............................. 89 49 76 62 35 37 1.5 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.6

Government................................... 110 91 102 100 121 99 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

Federal...................................... 5 7 10 9 25 11 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.4

State and local............................. 104 84 93 91 96 88 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local education.............. 63 44 43 41 46 41 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 42 41 49 50 50 46 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 318 308 314 330 352 358 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3

South........................................... 720 624 717 788 641 559 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0

Midwest........................................ 464 396 375 406 351 405 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2

West............................................ 387 460 406 446 450 427 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total............................................... 328 353 320 356 360 363 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 266 288 256 295 291 297 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 3 1 1 1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Construction3

............................... 14 17 16 22 17 18 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 25 19 19 23 19 22 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 17 12 12 13 14 15 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 8 8 6 10 5 8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 69 75 58 73 69 86 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 20 13 4 10 9 11 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 40 45 37 44 42 53 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 10 17 17 19 17 22 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Information3................................. 7 11 6 6 8 3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Financial activities......................... 30 30 28 25 26 21 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 24 25 26 19 20 20 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 5 5 2 6 6 1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 41 59 58 59 57 59 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 33 38 37 35 35 32 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Educational services.................... 5 4 5 5 7 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 29 33 33 30 28 27 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 41 26 22 37 46 34 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 7 3 5 5 6 6 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Accommodation and food services3... 34 24 16 32 40 27 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Other services3............................. 4 12 10 15 13 20 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Government................................... 62 65 64 62 69 66 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 13 12 14 12 14 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local............................. 50 52 51 48 57 52 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 26 26 23 23 29 24 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 24 26 28 25 28 28 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 61 61 54 64 64 68 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 142 134 130 144 124 135 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 66 66 61 76 79 71 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 60 92 74 72 93 90 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 7,308 7,760 6,465 4.6 4.8 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,656 7,001 5,751 4.9 5.1 4.2

Mining and logging............................................... 35 23 21 4.4 2.9 2.7

Construction....................................................... 279 326 214 3.6 4.1 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 501 447 388 3.8 3.4 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 315 307 270 3.8 3.7 3.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 185 140 117 3.7 2.8 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,620 1,723 1,192 5.4 5.8 4.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 195 257 166 3.2 4.1 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 1,103 1,123 724 6.3 6.6 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 322 343 303 4.9 5.3 4.6

Information........................................................ 124 138 148 4.2 4.7 4.9

Financial activities................................................ 394 445 353 4.4 4.8 3.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 305 347 250 4.6 5.2 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 88 98 102 3.7 4.0 4.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,233 1,352 1,108 5.4 5.8 4.8

Education and health services.................................. 1,254 1,310 1,267 4.9 5.0 4.9

Educational services.......................................... 96 145 150 2.4 3.5 3.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,158 1,165 1,117 5.4 5.3 5.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 966 960 902 5.6 5.4 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 85 130 104 3.6 5.1 4.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 881 830 799 5.9 5.5 5.3

Other services.................................................... 251 277 158 4.1 4.5 2.6

Government.......................................................... 652 759 715 2.8 3.2 3.0

Federal............................................................. 110 120 100 3.8 4.1 3.4

State and local.................................................... 542 638 614 2.6 3.1 2.9

State and local education..................................... 217 228 230 1.9 2.0 2.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 325 410 384 3.4 4.3 4.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,226 1,335 1,155 4.2 4.5 3.9

South................................................................. 2,785 2,963 2,436 4.8 5.0 4.2

Midwest............................................................... 1,752 1,777 1,410 5.0 5.0 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,545 1,685 1,465 4.2 4.5 4.0

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 5,402 6,172 5,405 3.6 4.0 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,113 5,829 5,107 4.0 4.5 3.9

Mining and logging............................................... 27 29 21 3.6 3.8 2.8

Construction....................................................... 290 493 312 3.9 6.4 4.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 304 319 275 2.4 2.5 2.1

Durable goods.................................................. 170 178 160 2.1 2.2 2.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 133 142 114 2.8 2.9 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,500 1,384 1,492 5.3 5.0 5.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 147 159 117 2.5 2.7 2.0

Retail trade..................................................... 949 904 978 5.8 5.7 6.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 404 322 396 6.5 5.2 6.3

Information........................................................ 95 108 87 3.3 3.8 3.1

Financial activities................................................ 178 231 199 2.1 2.6 2.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 114 152 125 1.8 2.4 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 65 79 74 2.8 3.4 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,029 1,184 1,057 4.8 5.4 4.8

Education and health services.................................. 576 784 594 2.4 3.2 2.4

Educational services.......................................... 75 108 74 1.9 2.7 1.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 500 676 520 2.5 3.3 2.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 916 1,086 899 5.7 6.5 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 126 148 138 5.6 6.1 5.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 790 938 761 5.7 6.5 5.3

Other services.................................................... 198 211 172 3.4 3.6 2.9

Government.......................................................... 289 343 297 1.3 1.5 1.3

Federal............................................................. 49 42 55 1.7 1.5 1.9

State and local.................................................... 240 300 242 1.2 1.5 1.2

State and local education..................................... 122 157 117 1.1 1.4 1.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 118 143 126 1.3 1.5 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 833 955 849 3.0 3.4 3.0

South................................................................. 2,099 2,459 2,146 3.8 4.4 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,208 1,337 1,205 3.6 4.0 3.6

West.................................................................. 1,262 1,420 1,205 3.6 4.0 3.4

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 4,963 5,775 4,997 3.3 3.8 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,713 5,459 4,745 3.7 4.2 3.6

Mining and logging............................................... 29 27 24 3.8 3.5 3.2

Construction....................................................... 389 498 409 5.2 6.5 5.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 308 330 276 2.4 2.6 2.1

Durable goods.................................................. 164 193 157 2.0 2.4 1.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 144 137 119 3.0 2.9 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,027 1,076 1,083 3.6 3.9 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 140 145 127 2.4 2.4 2.1

Retail trade..................................................... 674 688 741 4.1 4.4 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 214 243 215 3.4 4.0 3.4

Information........................................................ 80 87 63 2.8 3.1 2.2

Financial activities................................................ 169 195 190 2.0 2.2 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 106 119 120 1.7 1.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 62 76 70 2.7 3.2 3.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,002 1,115 1,036 4.7 5.1 4.7

Education and health services.................................. 510 666 522 2.1 2.7 2.1

Educational services.......................................... 58 73 50 1.5 1.8 1.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 453 593 472 2.2 2.9 2.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 988 1,228 979 6.1 7.3 5.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 188 231 198 8.3 9.5 8.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 800 996 781 5.7 6.9 5.5

Other services.................................................... 211 237 161 3.6 4.0 2.7

Government.......................................................... 250 317 252 1.1 1.4 1.1

Federal............................................................. 33 54 39 1.2 1.9 1.4

State and local.................................................... 217 262 213 1.1 1.3 1.1

State and local education..................................... 94 105 80 0.9 1.0 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 123 158 133 1.3 1.7 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 703 940 816 2.5 3.3 2.9

South................................................................. 1,941 2,114 1,835 3.5 3.8 3.3

Midwest............................................................... 1,241 1,268 1,151 3.7 3.8 3.4

West.................................................................. 1,078 1,454 1,195 3.1 4.1 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 2,834 3,577 2,955 1.9 2.3 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,693 3,429 2,819 2.1 2.6 2.2

Mining and logging............................................... 16 13 10 2.2 1.8 1.4

Construction....................................................... 146 198 121 2.0 2.6 1.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 170 200 160 1.3 1.6 1.2

Durable goods.................................................. 93 117 80 1.2 1.5 1.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 78 83 81 1.6 1.7 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 620 698 720 2.2 2.5 2.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 76 69 73 1.3 1.2 1.2

Retail trade..................................................... 417 478 520 2.6 3.0 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 126 151 127 2.0 2.4 2.0

Information........................................................ 49 43 37 1.7 1.5 1.3

Financial activities................................................ 86 130 132 1.0 1.5 1.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 49 86 86 0.8 1.3 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 37 45 46 1.6 1.9 2.0

Professional and business services............................ 541 654 556 2.5 3.0 2.5

Education and health services.................................. 361 482 361 1.5 2.0 1.5

Educational services.......................................... 34 52 33 0.9 1.3 0.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 328 430 327 1.6 2.1 1.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 582 822 614 3.6 4.9 3.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 50 91 66 2.2 3.7 2.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 531 730 548 3.8 5.1 3.8

Other services.................................................... 121 189 107 2.1 3.2 1.8

Government.......................................................... 140 148 136 0.6 0.6 0.6

Federal............................................................. 18 18 16 0.6 0.6 0.5

State and local.................................................... 123 130 121 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local education..................................... 58 59 52 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 65 71 69 0.7 0.8 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 343 506 395 1.2 1.8 1.4

South................................................................. 1,144 1,375 1,193 2.1 2.5 2.1

Midwest............................................................... 692 818 653 2.1 2.4 1.9

West.................................................................. 654 878 713 1.9 2.5 2.0

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 1,854 1,862 1,730 1.2 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,783 1,743 1,657 1.4 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging............................................... 11 12 12 1.5 1.6 1.7

Construction....................................................... 228 282 270 3.1 3.7 3.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 117 112 97 0.9 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 59 63 65 0.7 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 58 49 31 1.2 1.0 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 352 317 286 1.2 1.1 1.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 50 66 45 0.9 1.1 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 224 176 174 1.4 1.1 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 78 75 67 1.3 1.2 1.1

Information........................................................ 23 36 24 0.8 1.3 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 55 43 39 0.6 0.5 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 35 18 16 0.6 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 20 25 23 0.9 1.1 1.0

Professional and business services............................ 427 395 431 2.0 1.8 2.0

Education and health services.................................. 118 150 133 0.5 0.6 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 21 15 15 0.5 0.4 0.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 96 135 118 0.5 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 366 360 332 2.3 2.1 2.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 131 135 126 5.8 5.5 5.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 234 226 206 1.7 1.6 1.4

Other services.................................................... 86 36 34 1.5 0.6 0.6

Government.......................................................... 72 118 74 0.3 0.5 0.3

Federal............................................................. 6 26 13 0.2 0.9 0.5

State and local.................................................... 66 92 60 0.3 0.5 0.3

State and local education..................................... 26 29 18 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 39 63 43 0.4 0.7 0.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 315 370 371 1.1 1.3 1.3

South................................................................. 665 631 510 1.2 1.1 0.9

Midwest............................................................... 499 377 442 1.5 1.1 1.3

West.................................................................. 375 483 408 1.1 1.4 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Nov.

2018

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 275 337 312 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 237 286 269 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Construction....................................................... 14 17 18 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 21 19 19 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 12 13 12 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 5 8 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 56 61 77 0.2 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 13 10 9 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 34 34 47 0.2 0.2 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 10 17 22 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 7 8 3 0.2 0.3 0.1

Financial activities................................................ 28 22 18 0.3 0.3 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 23 16 17 0.4 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 5 6 1 0.2 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 34 65 49 0.2 0.3 0.2

Education and health services.................................. 31 34 29 0.1 0.1 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 2 6 2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 29 28 27 0.1 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 41 46 34 0.3 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 7 6 6 0.3 0.2 0.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 34 40 27 0.2 0.3 0.2

Other services.................................................... 4 13 20 0.1 0.2 0.3

Government.......................................................... 38 51 42 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 9 11 11 0.3 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 29 40 32 0.1 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 10 17 10 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 19 24 22 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 45 63 52 0.2 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 131 108 130 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 50 73 56 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 49 93 74 0.1 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.