For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, October 12, 2016 USDL-16-1991

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2016

The number of job openings decreased to 5.4 million on the last business day of August, the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and separations were little changed at 5.2 million and 5.0

million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was 2.1 percent and the layoffs and discharges 

rate was 1.1 percent. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and 

separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of August, there were 5.4 million job openings, a decrease of 388,000 from

July. The job openings rate was 3.6 percent in August. The number of job openings decreased over the 

month for total private (-348,000) and for government (-39,000). Job openings decreased in a number of 

industries, with the largest changes occurring in professional and business services (-223,000), durable 

goods manufacturing (-29,000), and arts, entertainment, and recreation (-28,000). In the regions, job 

openings decreased in the South and the Midwest. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was 5.2 million in August, little changed from July. The hires rate was 3.6 percent

in August. The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires was also 

little changed in all industries and regions. (See table 2.)

 2.0

 2.2

 2.4

 2.6

 2.8

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

 4.2

 4.4

Aug-13 Nov-13 Feb-14 May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

August 2013 - August 2016

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

Aug-13 Nov-13 Feb-14 May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

August 2013 - August 2016
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 5.0 million total separations in August, little changed from July. The total separations rate 

in August was 3.4 percent. The number of total separations was essentially unchanged for total private

and for government. Total separations increased in state and local government education (+23,000). The 

number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was essentially unchanged in August at 3.0 million. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. 

Over the month, the number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits

decreased in state and local government, excluding education (-13,000). The number of quits was little 

changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in August, little changed from July. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was essentially unchanged over 

the month for total private and edged up for government (+22,000). The layoffs and discharges level 

increased in healthcare and social assistance (+39,000) and in state and local government education 

(+14,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

In August, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm and total private and 

was unchanged for government. Other separations was little changed in all industries. The number of 

other separations decreased over the month in the West region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in August, hires totaled 62.7 million and 

separations totaled 60.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.6 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for September 2016 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, November 8, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,308 5,831 5,443 5,060 5,258 5,210 4,951 4,991 4,954

Total private....................................... 4,824 5,284 4,936 4,705 4,889 4,836 4,624 4,665 4,612

Mining and logging1............................ 16 13 11 27 23 29 33 25 28

Construction1................................... 151 225 184 322 328 335 321 294 318

Manufacturing.................................. 321 379 337 265 276 277 273 263 269

Durable goods1.............................. 200 223 194 161 163 153 168 160 159

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 121 156 143 104 113 124 106 103 111

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 920 1,046 996 1,070 1,059 1,071 1,049 1,068 1,001

Wholesale trade1............................ 165 177 147 131 135 150 123 146 137

Retail trade................................... 561 623 613 751 750 736 752 750 698

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 195 246 236 188 174 185 174 172 165

Information1

..................................... 111 80 91 77 77 75 78 81 70

Financial activities.............................. 347 318 325 182 183 191 178 173 180

Finance and insurance..................... 259 240 248 126 118 134 122 107 121

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 88 78 76 56 65 58 57 66 59

Professional and business services......... 1,054 1,212 989 972 1,162 1,073 930 1,045 1,006

Education and health services............... 1,018 1,073 1,045 605 626 621 559 584 592

Educational services1

....................... 95 103 86 84 84 88 88 93 88

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 923 970 958 522 542 532 472 491 504

Leisure and hospitality........................ 707 747 760 988 1,001 996 961 944 950

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 46 94 66 145 160 159 142 140 160

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 661 653 693 843 840 836 819 804 789

Other services1................................. 179 191 199 198 156 169 242 188 198

Government....................................... 483 546 507 355 368 373 327 326 342

Federal1

......................................... 65 90 89 41 41 39 37 36 36

State and local................................. 418 457 418 314 328 334 290 289 306

State and local education.................. 147 164 146 157 168 158 140 132 155

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 271 292 273 157 159 176 150 158 152

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4

Total private....................................... 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging1

............................ 2.0 1.8 1.7 3.4 3.4 4.3 4.1 3.7 4.2

Construction1

................................... 2.3 3.3 2.7 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.4 4.8

Manufacturing.................................. 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.6 3.3 3.0 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.3 3.7 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.3

Retail trade................................... 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.5 4.3 4.1 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0

Information1

..................................... 3.9 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.5

Financial activities.............................. 4.1 3.7 3.8 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2

Finance and insurance..................... 4.1 3.7 3.9 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.7 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 4.0 3.5 3.4 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.8

Professional and business services......... 5.1 5.6 4.6 4.9 5.7 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.0

Education and health services............... 4.4 4.5 4.4 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6

Educational services1

....................... 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.7 4.8 4.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.5 4.6 4.7 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 2.1 4.0 2.9 6.7 7.1 7.0 6.6 6.2 7.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.8 4.7 4.9 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.1 5.9

Other services1

................................. 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 2.7 3.0 4.3 3.3 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Government....................................... 2.1 2.4 2.2 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 2.3 3.1 3.1 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local................................. 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local education.................. 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 2.9 3.1 2.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total............................................... 5,308 5,845 5,514 5,643 5,831 5,443 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,824 5,311 4,986 5,115 5,284 4,936 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.9

Mining and logging3

....................... 16 14 11 12 13 11 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.7

Construction3............................... 151 193 193 187 225 184 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.3 2.7

Manufacturing.............................. 321 397 350 361 379 337 2.5 3.1 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.7

Durable goods3

.......................... 200 208 180 200 223 194 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.5

Nondurable goods3

...................... 121 190 170 160 156 143 2.6 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 920 1,060 970 986 1,046 996 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5

Wholesale trade3

........................ 165 255 162 182 177 147 2.7 4.1 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.4

Retail trade............................... 561 589 605 588 623 613 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 195 215 202 217 246 236 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.3 4.1

Information3................................. 111 101 95 94 80 91 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.3 2.8 3.2

Financial activities......................... 347 387 305 314 318 325 4.1 4.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8

Finance and insurance................. 259 278 249 232 240 248 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 88 109 56 82 78 76 4.0 4.9 2.5 3.7 3.5 3.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,054 961 1,032 1,104 1,212 989 5.1 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.6 4.6

Education and health services........... 1,018 1,112 1,073 1,127 1,073 1,045 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.4

Educational services3

................... 95 126 87 102 103 86 2.7 3.5 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 923 986 985 1,025 970 958 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 707 793 791 741 747 760 4.5 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 46 76 87 91 94 66 2.1 3.3 3.8 3.9 4.0 2.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 661 717 704 651 653 693 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.9

Other services3

............................. 179 293 167 188 191 199 3.1 4.9 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.4

Government................................... 483 534 528 527 546 507 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2

Federal3

..................................... 65 84 93 86 90 89 2.3 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1

State and local............................. 418 449 435 441 457 418 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.1

State and local education.............. 147 146 144 139 164 146 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.4

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 271 303 291 302 292 273 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 837 915 966 928 983 938 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4

South........................................... 2,068 2,171 1,995 2,166 2,119 1,974 3.8 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.6

Midwest........................................ 1,193 1,323 1,243 1,275 1,333 1,218 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.6

West............................................ 1,209 1,435 1,310 1,273 1,396 1,313 3.6 4.2 3.9 3.7 4.1 3.8

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total............................................... 5,060 5,085 5,047 5,172 5,258 5,210 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,705 4,734 4,695 4,814 4,889 4,836 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 27 22 20 23 23 29 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.4 4.3

Construction................................ 322 339 325 281 328 335 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.2 4.9 5.1

Manufacturing.............................. 265 269 268 281 276 277 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3

Durable goods........................... 161 154 160 161 163 153 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0

Nondurable goods....................... 104 115 108 119 113 124 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,070 1,031 1,019 1,038 1,059 1,071 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9

Wholesale trade......................... 131 148 142 144 135 150 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5

Retail trade............................... 751 714 710 719 750 736 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 188 169 167 175 174 185 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.4

Information.................................. 77 85 69 76 77 75 2.8 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.7

Financial activities......................... 182 202 192 197 183 191 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 126 132 130 130 118 134 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 56 71 62 67 65 58 2.7 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 972 1,031 987 1,003 1,162 1,073 4.9 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.3

Education and health services........... 605 605 644 654 626 621 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7

Educational services.................... 84 96 102 96 84 88 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 522 509 541 558 542 532 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 988 959 986 1,024 1,001 996 6.5 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.4 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 145 127 146 180 160 159 6.7 5.7 6.6 8.0 7.1 7.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 843 832 840 844 840 836 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.3

Other services.............................. 198 191 187 238 156 169 3.5 3.4 3.3 4.2 2.7 3.0

Government................................... 355 351 352 358 368 373 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Federal...................................... 41 37 41 38 41 39 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4

State and local............................. 314 315 311 320 328 334 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7

State and local education.............. 157 152 160 163 168 158 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 157 162 151 156 159 176 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 834 814 777 859 805 879 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.3

South........................................... 1,988 1,969 1,907 1,889 2,056 1,991 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,094 1,075 1,152 1,187 1,187 1,171 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6

West............................................ 1,145 1,227 1,211 1,237 1,210 1,168 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total............................................... 4,951 5,015 4,978 4,964 4,991 4,954 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,624 4,660 4,642 4,612 4,665 4,612 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging......................... 33 35 26 28 25 28 4.1 4.9 3.7 4.0 3.7 4.2

Construction................................ 321 354 338 293 294 318 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.4 4.4 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 273 279 294 264 263 269 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.2

Durable goods........................... 168 160 183 160 160 159 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 106 119 111 103 103 111 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,049 1,012 1,010 1,047 1,068 1,001 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 123 144 132 138 146 137 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.3

Retail trade............................... 752 702 706 711 750 698 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 174 166 173 198 172 165 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.6 3.1 3.0

Information.................................. 78 82 75 68 81 70 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.9 2.5

Financial activities......................... 178 188 186 177 173 180 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2

Finance and insurance................. 122 113 126 118 107 121 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 57 74 60 58 66 59 2.7 3.5 2.8 2.7 3.1 2.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 930 1,004 966 943 1,045 1,006 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.0

Education and health services........... 559 570 593 618 584 592 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6

Educational services.................... 88 83 92 102 93 88 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 472 486 501 517 491 504 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 961 950 969 950 944 950 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 142 131 155 155 140 160 6.6 5.9 7.0 6.9 6.2 7.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 819 819 815 795 804 789 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.9

Other services.............................. 242 187 184 224 188 198 4.3 3.3 3.2 3.9 3.3 3.5

Government................................... 327 355 335 352 326 342 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 37 38 32 34 36 36 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

State and local............................. 290 317 303 317 289 306 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

State and local education.............. 140 165 146 164 132 155 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 150 153 157 153 158 152 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 859 783 749 787 848 828 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.1

South........................................... 1,903 1,917 1,946 1,885 2,003 1,978 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,087 1,118 1,139 1,115 1,068 1,042 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2

West............................................ 1,102 1,197 1,143 1,176 1,072 1,106 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total............................................... 2,855 2,909 2,942 2,979 2,977 2,981 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,696 2,738 2,775 2,785 2,807 2,818 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

Mining and logging......................... 14 11 12 13 12 14 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.8 2.0

Construction................................ 112 118 120 110 128 137 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 142 139 142 136 143 142 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2

Durable goods........................... 78 79 80 77 80 76 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Nondurable goods....................... 64 59 62 59 63 66 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 611 624 623 649 653 646 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4

Wholesale trade......................... 75 83 67 89 95 88 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.5

Retail trade............................... 441 447 462 459 467 466 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 95 94 94 101 90 92 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.7

Information.................................. 42 41 36 36 40 36 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

Financial activities......................... 87 106 112 103 100 106 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3

Finance and insurance................. 59 66 74 71 63 68 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 29 40 38 32 37 37 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 525 558 547 542 565 577 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8

Education and health services........... 372 382 405 410 398 379 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7

Educational services.................... 43 38 53 51 51 54 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 329 344 352 359 347 325 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 631 645 678 645 635 641 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 65 63 65 58 63 65 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 566 582 612 587 573 576 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.3

Other services3

............................. 160 115 100 140 133 140 2.8 2.0 1.8 2.5 2.3 2.5

Government................................... 159 171 168 194 170 164 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7

Federal...................................... 12 14 11 13 13 14 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 148 157 156 181 156 150 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 76 73 70 96 69 76 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 72 84 86 85 87 74 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 431 339 394 407 442 437 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6

South........................................... 1,191 1,194 1,197 1,199 1,206 1,209 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

Midwest........................................ 616 673 691 660 644 624 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9

West............................................ 617 703 661 713 685 711 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total............................................... 1,693 1,708 1,701 1,622 1,639 1,623 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,588 1,586 1,594 1,529 1,542 1,503 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2

Mining and logging3

....................... 16 20 10 11 8 9 2.0 2.8 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.4

Construction................................ 187 217 204 168 146 168 2.9 3.3 3.1 2.5 2.2 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 111 115 131 106 95 110 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.9

Durable goods........................... 76 66 92 70 64 71 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.9

Nondurable goods....................... 35 49 39 36 32 38 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 322 283 301 311 331 273 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0

Wholesale trade3

........................ 39 49 59 37 40 40 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.7

Retail trade............................... 220 177 177 189 222 174 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 64 57 65 85 68 59 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.1

Information.................................. 25 29 30 24 30 24 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9

Financial activities......................... 64 53 53 51 47 50 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance................. 40 28 36 30 24 33 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 25 25 17 20 23 17 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 336 384 368 340 413 368 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.8

Education and health services........... 140 151 157 167 140 173 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8

Educational services.................... 36 43 33 37 34 27 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 104 109 123 130 106 145 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 307 266 261 281 278 275 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 74 65 84 95 76 90 3.4 2.9 3.8 4.2 3.3 4.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 233 200 177 186 203 185 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4

Other services.............................. 80 67 80 71 54 54 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9

Government................................... 105 122 107 93 97 119 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

Federal...................................... 10 11 11 11 12 12 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 94 111 97 83 85 107 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6

State and local education.............. 44 65 49 42 42 56 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 50 46 47 41 43 51 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 360 375 307 328 337 318 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

South........................................... 550 554 615 539 644 615 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2

Midwest........................................ 389 363 372 383 354 347 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

West............................................ 394 416 408 372 304 342 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total............................................... 403 398 334 363 375 350 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 340 336 274 298 316 291 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 3 4 5 3 5 5 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7

Construction3

............................... 22 20 15 15 21 13 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 20 25 21 22 24 18 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Durable goods........................... 13 15 11 13 16 11 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods3...................... 6 10 10 8 8 7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 115 105 87 87 84 81 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 9 12 6 12 10 9 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 91 78 68 63 60 58 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 16 15 13 12 14 15 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information3................................. 12 12 9 9 11 10 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Financial activities......................... 27 28 21 23 26 24 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 23 19 16 17 19 20 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 3 9 5 6 7 5 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 69 61 51 61 67 62 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 48 36 31 42 46 40 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services3................... 9 3 6 14 9 7 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 38 34 26 28 38 33 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 23 39 31 24 31 34 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 3 3 5 2 2 5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 20 37 26 22 29 28 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 2 5 4 13 1 4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1

Government................................... 63 63 60 65 59 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 15 13 10 11 11 10 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local............................. 48 49 50 54 47 50 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local education.............. 20 27 27 27 20 23 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 27 23 23 27 27 27 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 69 69 48 53 69 72 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

South........................................... 162 168 134 147 153 153 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 82 82 77 72 70 71 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 90 78 75 91 83 53 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,435 6,053 5,562 3.7 4.0 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,923 5,453 5,024 3.9 4.2 3.9

Mining and logging............................................... 16 13 11 1.9 1.8 1.6

Construction....................................................... 151 225 184 2.2 3.1 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 321 379 337 2.5 3.0 2.7

Durable goods.................................................. 200 223 194 2.5 2.8 2.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 121 156 143 2.6 3.2 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 966 1,113 1,041 3.5 3.9 3.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 165 177 147 2.7 2.9 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 607 690 658 3.7 4.1 4.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 195 246 236 3.5 4.3 4.2

Information........................................................ 111 80 91 3.8 2.8 3.2

Financial activities................................................ 338 323 316 4.0 3.7 3.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 250 245 239 4.0 3.8 3.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 88 78 76 4.0 3.5 3.4

Professional and business services............................ 1,067 1,229 993 5.1 5.7 4.6

Education and health services.................................. 1,042 1,131 1,063 4.6 4.8 4.5

Educational services.......................................... 95 103 86 2.9 3.1 2.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 947 1,028 977 4.8 5.1 4.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 732 769 789 4.4 4.5 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 53 88 75 2.1 3.3 2.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 679 681 714 4.8 4.7 5.0

Other services.................................................... 179 191 199 3.1 3.2 3.4

Government.......................................................... 512 600 539 2.4 2.8 2.5

Federal............................................................. 65 90 89 2.3 3.1 3.1

State and local.................................................... 446 510 450 2.4 2.7 2.4

State and local education..................................... 176 218 177 1.9 2.4 1.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 271 292 273 2.9 3.0 2.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 896 1,026 1,006 3.3 3.7 3.6

South................................................................. 2,078 2,190 1,974 3.9 4.0 3.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,242 1,391 1,251 3.8 4.1 3.7

West.................................................................. 1,219 1,447 1,331 3.6 4.2 3.9

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,640 5,692 5,761 4.0 3.9 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,011 5,275 5,119 4.1 4.3 4.2

Mining and logging............................................... 26 25 29 3.3 3.6 4.2

Construction....................................................... 314 383 332 4.7 5.5 4.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 283 302 299 2.3 2.4 2.4

Durable goods.................................................. 174 172 164 2.2 2.2 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 109 130 135 2.4 2.8 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,103 1,095 1,106 4.1 4.0 4.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 132 150 151 2.2 2.5 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 783 759 761 5.0 4.8 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 188 186 193 3.5 3.4 3.6

Information........................................................ 78 82 76 2.8 2.9 2.7

Financial activities................................................ 185 202 190 2.3 2.4 2.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 126 133 133 2.1 2.2 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 59 69 57 2.8 3.1 2.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,013 1,212 1,099 5.1 5.9 5.4

Education and health services.................................. 768 719 790 3.5 3.2 3.5

Educational services.......................................... 157 107 167 5.0 3.3 5.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 611 611 622 3.3 3.2 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,051 1,055 1,050 6.7 6.5 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 114 160 126 4.7 6.1 5.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 937 895 923 7.0 6.6 6.7

Other services.................................................... 188 199 149 3.3 3.5 2.6

Government.......................................................... 629 417 642 3.0 2.0 3.0

Federal............................................................. 40 35 37 1.4 1.3 1.3

State and local.................................................... 589 382 604 3.2 2.1 3.3

State and local education..................................... 444 189 439 4.9 2.2 4.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 145 193 165 1.6 2.1 1.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 866 901 922 3.3 3.4 3.4

South................................................................. 2,308 2,232 2,298 4.5 4.3 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,211 1,203 1,281 3.8 3.7 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,256 1,355 1,259 3.9 4.1 3.8

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,972 5,370 5,972 4.2 3.7 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,493 4,969 5,470 4.5 4.0 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 36 28 32 4.5 4.0 4.7

Construction....................................................... 351 321 359 5.2 4.6 5.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 345 281 344 2.8 2.3 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 211 173 202 2.7 2.2 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 134 108 142 2.9 2.3 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,179 1,099 1,134 4.4 4.0 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 136 154 152 2.3 2.6 2.6

Retail trade..................................................... 858 761 810 5.5 4.8 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 186 183 172 3.5 3.4 3.2

Information........................................................ 89 88 78 3.2 3.2 2.8

Financial activities................................................ 216 172 216 2.6 2.0 2.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 154 105 155 2.5 1.7 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 62 67 62 2.9 3.0 2.8

Professional and business services............................ 1,049 1,081 1,128 5.3 5.3 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 695 698 731 3.2 3.1 3.3

Educational services.......................................... 139 136 145 4.4 4.2 4.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 555 563 585 3.0 2.9 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,247 1,008 1,225 7.9 6.2 7.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 204 118 231 8.3 4.5 9.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,043 890 994 7.8 6.5 7.3

Other services.................................................... 286 195 222 5.1 3.4 3.9

Government.......................................................... 478 400 502 2.3 1.9 2.4

Federal............................................................. 42 32 39 1.5 1.1 1.4

State and local.................................................... 437 368 463 2.4 2.0 2.5

State and local education..................................... 207 198 224 2.3 2.2 2.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 230 171 238 2.5 1.8 2.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,059 914 1,039 4.0 3.4 3.9

South................................................................. 2,301 2,164 2,390 4.5 4.1 4.5

Midwest............................................................... 1,367 1,089 1,285 4.3 3.4 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,245 1,202 1,257 3.8 3.7 3.8

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 3,639 3,389 3,824 2.6 2.3 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,386 3,178 3,566 2.8 2.6 2.9

Mining and logging............................................... 17 13 18 2.1 1.9 2.7

Construction....................................................... 147 163 185 2.2 2.4 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 200 168 201 1.6 1.4 1.6

Durable goods.................................................. 108 94 106 1.4 1.2 1.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 92 74 95 2.0 1.6 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 754 695 803 2.8 2.5 2.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 86 102 103 1.5 1.7 1.7

Retail trade..................................................... 553 491 588 3.5 3.1 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 115 102 112 2.1 1.9 2.1

Information........................................................ 54 45 48 1.9 1.6 1.7

Financial activities................................................ 109 105 129 1.3 1.2 1.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 81 68 92 1.3 1.1 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 29 37 37 1.3 1.7 1.7

Professional and business services............................ 627 638 698 3.2 3.1 3.4

Education and health services.................................. 472 478 485 2.2 2.1 2.2

Educational services.......................................... 72 71 94 2.3 2.2 2.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 400 406 390 2.1 2.1 2.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 845 740 859 5.3 4.6 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 115 81 119 4.7 3.1 4.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 730 660 740 5.5 4.8 5.4

Other services.................................................... 160 133 140 2.8 2.3 2.4

Government.......................................................... 253 211 259 1.2 1.0 1.2

Federal............................................................. 18 14 20 0.6 0.5 0.7

State and local.................................................... 235 197 239 1.3 1.1 1.3

State and local education..................................... 125 98 125 1.4 1.1 1.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 110 99 113 1.2 1.1 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 567 503 597 2.2 1.9 2.2

South................................................................. 1,502 1,369 1,534 2.9 2.6 2.9

Midwest............................................................... 829 726 829 2.6 2.3 2.6

West.................................................................. 740 791 864 2.3 2.4 2.6

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 1,910 1,591 1,785 1.3 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,750 1,476 1,604 1.4 1.2 1.3

Mining and logging............................................... 16 8 9 2.0 1.1 1.4

Construction....................................................... 182 137 161 2.7 2.0 2.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 125 88 125 1.0 0.7 1.0

Durable goods.................................................. 89 62 84 1.1 0.8 1.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 36 26 40 0.8 0.6 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 297 311 244 1.1 1.1 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 39 40 40 0.7 0.7 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 203 203 158 1.3 1.3 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 55 68 45 1.0 1.3 0.8

Information........................................................ 23 32 21 0.8 1.2 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 81 45 63 1.0 0.5 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 51 22 43 0.8 0.3 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 30 24 20 1.4 1.1 0.9

Professional and business services............................ 349 383 366 1.8 1.9 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 174 174 205 0.8 0.8 0.9

Educational services.......................................... 58 55 44 1.8 1.7 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 117 119 162 0.6 0.6 0.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 379 237 333 2.4 1.5 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 86 35 107 3.5 1.4 4.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 293 201 226 2.2 1.5 1.7

Other services.................................................... 124 61 78 2.2 1.1 1.4

Government.......................................................... 160 116 181 0.8 0.6 0.9

Federal............................................................. 10 8 11 0.4 0.3 0.4

State and local.................................................... 149 107 170 0.8 0.6 0.9

State and local education..................................... 57 67 71 0.6 0.8 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 93 40 99 1.0 0.4 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 423 338 370 1.6 1.3 1.4

South................................................................. 630 635 699 1.2 1.2 1.3

Midwest............................................................... 445 294 376 1.4 0.9 1.2

West.................................................................. 413 324 340 1.3 1.0 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Aug.

2015

July

2016

Aug.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 423 390 363 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 357 316 300 0.3 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 6 5 0.3 0.9 0.7

Construction....................................................... 22 21 13 0.3 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 21 25 18 0.2 0.2 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 15 17 12 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 6 8 7 0.1 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 128 93 88 0.5 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 11 12 9 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 102 68 63 0.6 0.4 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 16 14 15 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 12 11 10 0.4 0.4 0.3

Financial activities................................................ 26 22 25 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 23 15 20 0.4 0.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 3 7 5 0.1 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 72 60 64 0.4 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 48 46 40 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 9 9 7 0.3 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 38 38 33 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 23 31 34 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 2 5 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 20 29 28 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 2 1 4 0.0 0.0 0.1

Government.......................................................... 66 73 63 0.3 0.4 0.3

Federal............................................................. 14 10 9 0.5 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 52 64 54 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local education..................................... 25 32 28 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 27 31 26 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 69 73 73 0.3 0.3 0.3

South................................................................. 169 160 157 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 93 69 79 0.3 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 92 88 53 0.3 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.