U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – DECEMBER 2021 

U.S. import prices declined 0.2 percent in December, after rising 0.7 percent in November, the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics reported today. In December, lower fuel prices more than offset higher prices for nonfuel 

imports. Prices for U.S. exports fell 1.8 percent in December following a 0.8-percent advance in November. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: December 2020 – December 2021

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports declined 0.2 percent in December, the first monthly decrease since the 

index fell 0.2 percent in August 2021. Despite the December drop, U.S. import prices increased 10.4 percent 

over the past year. The advance in 2021 was the largest calendar-year rise since import prices increased 10.6 

percent in 2007. (See table 1.)

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on December 2021 Import and Export Price Indexes

For each month from March 2020 to December 2021, BLS has published a summary of the impact of the 

pandemic on U.S. import and export price indexes. The impact summary for December is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-december-2021.htm. Beginning with 

publication of January 2022 data in February 2022, this month-specific impact summary will be 

discontinued. However, information related to the impact of the pandemic will continue to be available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-import-export-price-indexes.htm.

1.0 1.5 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.1

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1.5

0.7

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3.0

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Dec'20 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'21

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, January 14, 2022 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

USDL-22-0021
2

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel decreased 6.5 percent in December, the first monthly decline since 

August 2021 and the largest drop since a 30.9-percent decrease in April 2020. In December, a 6.0-percent 

fall in petroleum prices and a 13.7-percent decline in natural gas prices drove the drop in import fuel prices. 

Despite the December decrease, import fuel prices rose 62.7 percent in 2021, the largest calendar-year 

advance since the index increased 114.7 percent in 1999. The price indexes for petroleum and natural gas 

also rose over the past year, advancing 62.0 percent and 86.9 percent, respectively. 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices increased 0.5 percent for the third consecutive month 

in December. Prices for nonfuel imports have not recorded a monthly decline since November 2020. Higher 

prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; consumer goods; foods, feeds, and beverages; 

automotive vehicles; and capital goods all contributed to the rise in nonfuel import prices. The price index 

for nonfuel imports advanced 6.4 percent for the year ended in December, the largest calendar-year increase 

since the series started in 2002. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages rose 0.5 percent in December 

following a 0.2-percent drop the previous month. Higher fruit prices in December led the increase. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 

advanced 1.7 percent in December, after rising 1.9 percent in November. The December increase was driven 

by higher prices for selected building materials and chemicals. 

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods categories advanced in December. Consumer 

goods prices rose 0.5 percent, the largest monthly advance since February 2018. Prices for automotive 

vehicles increased 0.2 percent in December, and capital goods prices ticked up 0.1 percent. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: December 2020 – December 2021 

Exports 

U.S. export prices decreased 1.8 percent in December, after advancing 0.8 percent in November and 1.9 

percent in October. The December decline was the largest 1-month drop since the index fell 3.5 percent in 

April 2020. Despite the December decrease, U.S. export prices rose 14.7 percent from December 2020 to 

December 2021. The 2021 advance was the largest calendar-year increase since the series was first 

published in 1984. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports increased 0.8 percent in December following a 1.1-

percent rise in November and a 1.2-percent advance in October. In December, higher prices for soybeans, 

fruit, cotton, dairy products, and corn more than offset lower prices for nuts and meat. Agricultural export 

prices increased 21.7 percent for the year ended in December, the largest calendar-year advance since the

index rose 23.3 percent in 2007. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports fell 2.1 percent in 

December, after increasing 0.6 percent in November and 2.0 percent in October. The December decline is 

the largest monthly drop since the index decreased 3.5 percent in April 2020. Lower prices in December for 

nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials and nonagricultural food more than offset higher prices for 

capital goods and consumer goods. Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 13.8 percent over the past 

year despite the December decline. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

decreased 5.3 percent in December, the largest 1-month decline since the index fell 10.4 percent in April 

2020. The December decline was led by an 11.6-percent drop in fuel prices and a 2.2-percent decrease in 

nonferrous metal prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories advanced in December. The price 

index for capital goods increased 0.3 percent for the month and 3.7 percent over the past year. The 2021 

increase was the largest calendar-year rise since 1981. Consumer goods prices rose 0.4 percent for the 

second consecutive month in December. Prices for automotive vehicles were unchanged in December, after 

rising 0.2 percent the previous month. 

 

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1.2 1.1 0.2 0.3

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-1.8

0.4

2.5

5.4

9.6

15.0

17.6 16.9 17.0 16.6 16.3

18.3 18.2

14.7

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

Dec'20 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'21

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China advanced 0.6 percent in December, after 

increasing 0.3 percent in November. The December rise was the largest 1-month advance since July 2021. 

Import prices from China increased 4.7 percent over the past 12 months, the largest calendar-year advance 

since the series was first published in 2004. The price index for imports from Japan was unchanged in 

December following a 0.1-percent increase the previous month. Prices for imports from Japan rose 1.9 

percent for the year ended in December, the largest calendar-year increase since 2011. In contrast, import 

prices from Canada decreased 2.4 percent in December, after rising 2.1 percent in November and 5.7 

percent in October. Prices for imports from Mexico also fell in December, declining 0.6 percent. Import 

prices from the European Union were unchanged in December. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: The price index for exports to China decreased 1.4 percent in 

December, after increasing 1.1 percent in November. The December decline was the largest monthly drop in 

export prices to China since a 2.5-percent decrease in April 2020. Prices for exports to China advanced 9.4 

percent over the past year. Export prices to Japan fell 2.0 percent in December, the first 1-month decline 

since August 2021 and the largest monthly drop since a 3.5-percent decrease in April 2020. Prices for 

exports to Canada declined 1.5 percent in December, the first 1-month drop for the index since a 3.0-percent 

decrease in April 2020. The price indexes for exports to Mexico and the European Union also fell in 

December, declining 3.0 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China fell 2.0 

percent in December, the largest monthly decline for the index since a 2.6-percent drop in April 2020. In 

December, both higher prices for imports from China and lower export prices to China contributed to the 

decline in the U.S. terms of trade. Despite the December decrease, U.S. terms of trade with China advanced 

4.6 percent over the past year. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan also declined 2.0 percent in 

December following increases of 1.0 percent and 1.1 percent the 2 previous months. In contrast, U.S. terms 

of trade with Canada rose 0.9 percent in December, after declining 1.6 percent in November and 4.0 percent 

in October. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Mexico fell 2.4 percent in December and U.S. terms of 

trade with the European Union declined 1.0 percent over the same period. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares increased 5.1 percent in December, the largest 1-month advance since 

the index rose 9.6 percent in June 2021. The increase in December was led by higher Asian and Latin 

American/Caribbean fares which more than offset lower European fares. The index for import air passenger 

fares advanced 11.1 percent in 2021. Import air freight prices declined 13.1 percent in December, after 

advancing 14.1 percent the previous month. Despite the December decrease, prices for import air freight 

rose 10.6 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares increased 2.3 percent in December following a 0.9-

percent advance in November. The December rise in export air passenger fares was the largest monthly

increase since an 8.2-percent advance in July 2021. Higher Latin American/Caribbean, Asian, and European 

fares all contributed to the December advance. Export air passenger fares rose 11.9 percent from December 

2020 to December 2021, the largest calendar-year increase since 2011. Prices for export air freight declined 

1.3 percent in December following a 0.4-percent rise in November. Despite the December drop, export air 

freight prices advanced 4.3 percent over the past year. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for January 2022 are scheduled for release on Wednesday, February

16, 2022 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2020 to

December 2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Nov.

20211

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

All commodities................................... 100.000 137.8 137.5 10.4 0.4 1.5 0.7 -0.2

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 82.462 106.2 106.7 5.7 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.5

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 89.974 121.5 121.9 6.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.3

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 88.928 124.8 125.4 6.4 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.466 199.5 200.4 13.7 1.4 0.8 -0.2 0.5

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.994 214.7 216.1 13.0 1.5 0.7 -0.5 0.7

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.472 166.3 166.1 16.2 1.1 0.7 0.7 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 26.834 251.9 247.7 36.2 1.0 5.2 2.1 -1.7

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 17.082 209.5 211.1 25.4 -0.3 2.3 2.8 0.8

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 15.842 229.5 233.3 23.2 -0.6 1.4 1.9 1.7

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.022 223.7 227.0 19.6 -1.8 0.6 1.9 1.5

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 6.786 191.5 190.9 34.8 2.1 5.0 4.2 -0.3

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 11.072 295.1 276.0 62.7 3.6 11.1 2.3 -6.5

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 10.026 308.5 290.0 62.0 3.5 10.5 1.0 -6.0

Crude petroleum........................... 10000 6.542 318.3 296.9 59.7 4.4 11.9 -0.5 -6.7

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.949 284.0 249.3 80.5 5.4 20.5 18.5 -12.2

Natural gas.................................. 10110 0.848 279.7 241.3 86.9 6.5 20.8 22.5 -13.7

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.490 123.6 123.8 12.9 0.5 -0.1 -3.4 0.2

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 5.249 201.7 206.0 31.9 1.8 3.3 2.5 2.1

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.710 183.8 197.6 12.2 -10.0 7.3 1.3 7.5

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 4.433 356.5 355.2 24.4 -0.9 -2.1 2.8 -0.4

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 2.148 207.1 208.8 27.5 1.3 1.1 1.7 0.8

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.731 121.7 123.2 8.4 0.7 0.7 0.3 1.2

Capital goods................................... 2 26.522 90.3 90.4 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.233 122.8 123.1 1.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 20.838 82.2 82.2 2.4 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.451 139.2 139.3 2.1 0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 14.973 113.8 114.0 2.8 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 25.204 108.9 109.4 2.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.652 124.6 124.8 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 11.513 93.9 94.5 4.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.039 123.7 126.1 7.5 0.2 -0.2 2.5 1.9

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2020 to

December 2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Nov.

20211

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

All commodities................................... 100.000 146.6 143.9 14.7 0.3 1.9 0.8 -1.8

Agricultural commodities....................... 10.160 229.8 231.6 21.7 -1.5 1.2 1.1 0.8

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 73.907 111.4 111.5 7.9 -0.1 0.5 0.5 0.1

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 89.840 140.2 137.2 13.8 0.5 2.0 0.6 -2.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 9.277 232.5 233.5 20.3 -1.7 1.0 0.5 0.4

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.805 232.6 234.0 20.8 -1.9 1.0 0.5 0.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.472 233.2 229.8 12.4 2.0 1.6 -0.4 -1.5

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 39.790 209.7 199.2 33.2 1.1 4.1 1.4 -5.0

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.849 215.3 213.6 15.5 -0.2 0.1 1.9 -0.8

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 28.941 205.0 191.5 41.9 1.5 5.8 1.1 -6.6

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.328 219.9 225.4 28.8 1.3 2.4 5.0 2.5

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 38.461 209.4 198.4 33.3 1.0 4.2 1.2 -5.3

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 16.816 258.9 228.9 58.5 3.6 9.4 2.0 -11.6

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 20.715 201.8 201.1 20.3 -0.8 0.6 0.7 -0.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.930 155.5 155.1 17.2 1.0 0.6 -0.2 -0.3

Capital goods................................... 2 31.304 115.0 115.3 3.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.339 127.9 128.5 7.2 1.0 2.3 0.6 0.5

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 20.458 97.3 97.4 3.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 7.507 191.8 192.4 3.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 8.723 116.6 116.6 1.8 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 10.907 112.8 113.2 2.5 -0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 5.451 109.9 110.0 1.0 -0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.255 109.6 109.5 1.6 -0.5 0.3 0.3 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.200 104.6 107.4 13.7 0.4 -0.4 2.2 2.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2020 to December

2021

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Nov.

20211

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.671 152.7 144.1 50.1 4.5 9.5 1.5 -5.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.015 201.4 203.9 19.0 3.8 -0.8 0.2 1.2

Crop production............................... 111 1.625 211.9 215.4 19.1 3.9 -1.0 0.3 1.7

Mining............................................ 21 7.656 152.7 141.3 62.2 4.7 12.7 1.7 -7.5

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 7.331 152.1 140.3 63.1 4.7 12.9 1.9 -7.8

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec.

2020=100)................................... 212 0.326 146.4 147.0 47.0 3.9 7.1 -0.4 0.4

Manufacturing..................................... 89.947 119.8 120.2 7.4 0.1 0.8 0.6 0.3

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.141 133.7 134.1 6.5 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.765 177.4 177.1 13.7 0.8 1.7 -0.3 -0.2

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.137 132.9 132.7 3.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.2

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.350 109.6 117.1 15.6 1.2 0.5 -0.1 6.8

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.904 110.8 111.2 4.2 0.5 -0.8 0.1 0.4

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.456 114.1 114.3 1.4 0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.2

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.529 128.1 128.9 4.5 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.6

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 19.733 143.8 144.6 16.9 -0.4 2.8 1.4 0.6

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 1.039 147.2 165.5 15.5 -17.2 11.8 2.3 12.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.931 115.5 115.7 7.8 0.2 0.2 -3.0 0.2

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 3.157 129.8 125.1 65.3 1.4 7.0 4.2 -3.6

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 11.071 155.5 156.6 12.9 0.6 1.9 1.3 0.7

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.384 128.7 129.2 5.2 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.4

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.972 136.9 138.1 5.4 0.1 1.1 0.7 0.9

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.073 109.9 110.2 4.8 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.3

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.959 231.4 230.3 23.4 -0.8 -1.6 2.3 -0.5

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.337 145.0 146.0 14.6 0.8 0.5 1.2 0.7

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.428 123.7 123.8 2.9 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 15.464 73.3 73.1 2.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 -0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.005 121.6 122.4 3.9 0.1 0.9 0.4 0.7

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.170 112.9 113.0 2.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.691 121.1 123.2 6.8 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.018 121.0 122.5 1.6 -0.1 -0.2 0.6 1.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2020 to December

2021

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Nov.

20211

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

Nonmanufacturing................................ 15.363 197.7 182.6 46.2 2.1 6.7 2.3 -7.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.307 202.9 205.3 25.5 -2.3 0.3 2.2 1.2

Crop production............................... 111 4.950 213.5 216.4 25.7 -2.6 0.2 2.5 1.4

Mining............................................ 21 10.056 128.9 113.1 62.5 5.0 10.4 2.4 -12.3

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.549 160.8 160.9 73.8 4.3 6.1 23.5 0.1

Manufacturing..................................... 82.741 129.0 128.1 10.1 0.1 1.1 0.4 -0.7

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.678 165.3 165.7 14.8 -0.1 1.2 -0.1 0.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.839 194.8 194.9 19.8 0.1 1.8 0.0 0.1

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.552 135.2 137.3 3.7 -1.3 -0.6 1.6 1.6

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.272 136.0 132.6 22.1 0.0 3.1 0.4 -2.5

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.528 136.3 136.1 27.0 1.0 0.4 0.1 -0.1

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.440 136.6 136.3 15.3 0.0 1.2 -0.4 -0.2

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.740 141.0 127.6 53.5 1.8 9.2 1.6 -9.5

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.656 139.0 139.2 15.9 -0.9 1.2 0.0 0.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.053 125.9 126.6 9.0 1.2 1.6 0.6 0.6

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.692 121.7 120.2 -0.9 0.2 -0.4 -1.6 -1.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 50.790 122.1 122.3 4.5 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.213 212.1 209.4 16.5 -0.1 -1.5 1.3 -1.3

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 2.689 160.8 162.0 7.8 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.7

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 8.291 135.8 136.2 4.9 -0.1 0.7 0.4 0.3

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 11.914 83.0 83.0 2.0 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.360 124.3 124.8 5.9 0.8 2.0 0.8 0.4

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 15.304 133.6 133.9 2.8 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.347 132.7 132.7 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.672 124.1 124.9 4.3 0.1 -0.3 0.6 0.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2020 to

December 2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20211

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.485 232.2 231.9 19.8 0.9 1.8 -0.6 -0.1

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.433 344.0 340.4 24.4 -0.2 5.5 -4.5 -1.0

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.774 161.2 161.3 20.6 2.1 0.6 1.0 0.1

Vegetable products............................... II 1.991 231.0 233.8 16.6 3.5 -1.0 0.4 1.2

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.342 412.9 401.4 -3.8 6.3 -0.1 -2.5 -2.8

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.695 115.2 121.1 23.3 2.8 -2.9 -3.4 5.1

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.437 288.7 296.1 32.8 3.0 1.8 6.2 2.6

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.411 148.3 148.3 41.9 2.0 2.1 -1.1 0.0

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.986 179.6 179.7 6.1 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.1

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.198 100.4 99.8 -0.8 3.1 -0.4 0.5 -0.6

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.341 180.3 180.3 6.7 1.8 0.1 0.5 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.115 147.2 147.0 4.6 0.3 0.2 0.8 -0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 11.298 300.4 281.7 63.6 3.7 11.5 2.1 -6.2

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.827 294.2 275.0 63.8 3.7 11.8 2.2 -6.5

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.264 172.9 174.9 11.5 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.2

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.744 464.1 506.3 81.7 2.7 0.5 9.3 9.1

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.372 145.9 148.3 17.0 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.6

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.816 150.9 150.8 -2.5 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2020=100).................... 31 0.559 228.8 232.4 132.4 4.0 18.8 6.6 1.6

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.608 114.9 116.0 9.7 1.0 0.1 0.3 1.0

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.726 158.2 159.0 7.0 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.5

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.525 163.5 164.2 11.8 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.4

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.201 150.3 151.5 -1.6 -0.4 0.2 0.2 0.8

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.528 139.4 141.0 7.5 1.7 0.6 0.7 1.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 1.081 215.9 241.4 15.3 -17.4 11.6 2.2 11.8

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 1.040 150.2 168.4 15.6 -18.1 12.0 2.2 12.1

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 0.949 120.3 121.0 8.4 0.2 -0.2 -3.4 0.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.613 108.0 107.9 3.8 -0.5 0.4 -2.8 -0.1

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.534 117.0 117.8 3.1 0.3 -0.3 0.3 0.7

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.820 106.4 106.6 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.2

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.493 122.8 122.8 0.5 0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.634 105.4 105.3 5.3 0.5 -0.3 0.2 -0.1

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.301 126.7 127.3 3.1 0.7 0.1 -0.2 0.5

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.089 124.9 125.7 3.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2020 to

December 2021 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20211

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.839 132.0 131.9 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2020=100).................... 68 0.302 99.2 99.3 -0.7 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 2.734 227.2 227.2 0.5 -2.4 -5.2 2.8 0.0

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 6.438 231.1 233.2 29.5 1.0 1.7 2.0 0.9

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.311 311.1 312.6 47.2 1.3 1.5 3.1 0.5

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.931 191.5 193.8 30.8 1.7 2.1 2.4 1.2

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.542 408.6 405.8 20.9 -0.2 -2.2 1.8 -0.7

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.210 190.5 192.8 30.8 0.8 3.2 0.3 1.2

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.413 127.1 127.5 4.1 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.3

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.523 145.3 145.5 8.7 -0.1 1.1 0.6 0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.162 81.2 81.2 2.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.558 87.4 87.3 2.8 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 13.604 75.3 75.3 2.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.305 117.3 117.5 2.4 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.164 116.6 116.8 2.4 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.2

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 88 1.049 101.1 101.1 1.1 0.2 -0.6 0.9 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.897 102.0 102.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.3 0.1

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.633 98.0 98.0 -0.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 3.981 114.6 115.7 4.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.0

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.479 122.3 123.9 6.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.3

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.250 102.3 102.6 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.252 128.9 130.4 2.9 0.2 0.1 -0.7 1.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2020 to

December 2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20211

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

Live animals; animal products................. I 2.159 277.8 277.9 29.5 0.9 1.9 0.1 0.0

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.370 231.3 229.2 35.5 0.5 1.1 0.9 -0.9

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.290 128.0 125.8 15.5 2.4 2.2 -0.7 -1.7

Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 04 0.368 121.7 126.7 26.7 0.5 3.9 0.0 4.1

Vegetable products............................... II 4.722 258.6 261.6 20.8 -2.9 -0.4 1.5 1.2

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.917 149.2 150.2 16.0 1.3 -0.5 1.4 0.7

Cereals............................................ 10 1.481 299.3 302.9 38.8 -5.5 3.0 4.3 1.2

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.855 258.7 262.8 9.5 -4.2 -2.7 -0.3 1.6

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.796 171.7 171.5 7.7 -1.0 1.0 0.5 -0.1

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.553 103.3 103.3 2.6 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.456 110.2 110.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.776 291.4 291.2 17.9 -3.2 2.7 1.7 -0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 16.766 312.6 278.5 59.1 3.7 9.8 2.2 -10.9

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.614 146.0 143.7 35.3 -1.0 6.5 7.7 -1.6

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 15.975 300.3 266.0 60.8 3.8 10.1 2.0 -11.4

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.005 157.9 157.4 11.9 -0.2 1.1 1.2 -0.3

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.670 156.0 155.9 15.3 1.7 2.1 0.3 -0.1

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.850 188.0 185.0 19.7 0.6 2.1 2.0 -1.6

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.012 108.7 108.3 -1.0 -0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.4

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.805 137.1 137.1 6.8 -0.7 0.5 0.5 0.0

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.410 131.5 131.1 4.8 -0.2 0.0 3.8 -0.3

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.046 187.1 186.7 19.4 -2.8 0.9 1.1 -0.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.324 173.9 175.4 20.5 -0.1 1.4 -1.6 0.9

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.527 174.5 176.2 22.9 -0.6 1.4 -2.0 1.0

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.797 164.8 164.6 8.7 2.3 1.7 0.2 -0.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.619 130.4 130.5 23.5 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.1

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.805 144.3 143.9 15.7 0.2 0.5 -1.8 -0.3

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.677 167.3 164.8 33.9 0.4 -1.2 -5.7 -1.5

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.901 135.0 134.9 9.9 0.2 2.1 0.8 -0.1

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.687 139.9 141.7 18.4 1.1 1.7 3.0 1.3

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.629 169.5 174.2 47.6 2.8 4.8 8.5 2.8

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.686 131.6 130.9 -1.1 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.312 99.0 98.9 -0.3 -0.1 -0.8 0.2 -0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2020 to

December 2021 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20211

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.093 308.9 310.1 3.3 -1.8 -3.8 1.0 0.4

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.077 211.4 207.8 24.3 0.4 1.7 3.1 -1.7

Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)............... 72 1.326 166.2 164.9 64.9 1.0 2.1 4.9 -0.8

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.625 273.3 268.2 23.2 -1.6 -0.4 1.5 -1.9

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.964 162.2 148.4 24.8 1.9 5.0 7.7 -8.5

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 24.869 100.7 100.9 3.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.894 119.9 120.1 4.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 9.975 80.1 80.3 2.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 11.271 142.5 142.7 3.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 7.303 119.9 120.0 2.9 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.314 111.6 111.7 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.165 120.7 120.7 6.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.645 140.4 140.5 5.1 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.377 94.4 94.4 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: December 2020 to December 2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20211

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 142.7 141.7 11.1 0.0 1.9 1.1 -0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.325 278.5 257.9 62.2 3.9 12.0 4.5 -7.4

Manufacturing................................ 86.755 131.7 131.9 6.3 -0.5 0.8 0.5 0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 178.9 174.6 26.3 -0.3 5.7 2.1 -2.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 31.719 277.5 256.2 64.9 3.9 12.6 4.8 -7.7

Manufacturing................................ 66.932 155.5 155.6 14.2 -1.9 2.9 0.6 0.1

European Union............................... 100.000 146.7 146.7 4.9 0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing................................ 98.734 142.3 142.3 4.6 0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.0

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 137.6 137.2 5.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.3

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 119.0 119.0 3.5 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 130.6 131.2 6.1 -0.5 0.0 0.8 0.5

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 162.7 162.0 11.4 0.5 2.0 0.6 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.943 316.4 304.6 38.1 3.0 7.2 0.3 -3.7

Manufacturing................................ 84.801 131.0 131.2 7.9 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.2

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 136.9 136.1 7.0 0.8 1.0 0.4 -0.6

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.577 161.0 149.8 31.9 5.7 3.1 -1.0 -7.0

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.189 93.5 93.5 5.3 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.0

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 102.4 102.8 4.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 102.7 103.3 4.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6

Japan............................................ 100.000 99.0 99.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 105.5 105.8 7.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.3

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 94.9 94.7 9.6 0.8 0.7 0.9 -0.2

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 101.6 102.0 3.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.4

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 212.1 208.1 31.6 3.8 5.3 -1.9 -1.9

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: December 2020 to December

2021

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20211

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 115.7 114.2 9.4 0.7 1.6 0.8 -1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.326 144.9 134.9 37.2 2.0 8.3 2.3 -6.9

Manufacturing................................ 85.464 112.4 112.0 6.6 0.6 0.9 0.4 -0.4

Canada.......................................... 100.000 120.5 118.7 12.5 1.2 1.5 0.5 -1.5

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100). . . . .. 10.586 147.9 137.0 37.0 2.3 8.9 0.1 -7.4

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)........... 88.405 111.4 110.5 10.5 1.0 0.8 0.5 -0.8

European Union............................... 100.000 114.2 113.0 8.1 0.2 1.8 0.6 -1.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 15.612 142.5 134.9 49.4 3.0 7.9 2.9 -5.3

Manufacturing................................ 83.101 109.4 109.2 3.2 -0.2 0.8 0.3 -0.2

Germany........................................ 100.000 107.3 107.3 -0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 123.7 119.2 20.8 -0.2 2.7 0.2 -3.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.116 182.4 158.3 35.9 1.1 5.6 0.4 -13.2

Manufacturing................................ 88.443 118.9 116.0 19.1 -0.3 2.2 0.3 -2.4

Mexico........................................... 100.000 125.0 121.3 22.2 -0.2 2.1 0.3 -3.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.817 181.0 153.4 32.9 2.0 9.3 -0.7 -15.2

Manufacturing................................ 89.849 121.1 119.2 21.4 -0.4 1.4 0.3 -1.6

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 115.3 113.8 12.6 0.3 1.2 1.2 -1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 19.741 138.8 134.4 45.6 -0.2 4.2 5.6 -3.2

Manufacturing................................ 77.504 109.7 108.9 6.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 -0.7

China............................................ 100.000 111.8 110.2 9.4 -0.4 0.8 1.1 -1.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 15.423 118.2 116.3 28.8 -2.2 1.7 4.3 -1.6

Manufacturing................................ 82.130 111.4 109.9 5.8 0.1 0.6 0.5 -1.3

Japan............................................ 100.000 115.2 112.9 10.7 0.7 1.1 1.1 -2.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 24.887 138.8 132.1 39.3 -0.7 6.1 3.7 -4.8

Manufacturing................................ 73.537 107.9 106.8 4.4 1.2 0.1 0.3 -1.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: December 2020 to December 20211

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 99.2 98.6 -1.5 0.7 -0.4 -0.3 -0.6

Canada.................................................. 88.5 89.3 -11.0 1.5 -4.0 -1.6 0.9

European Union...................................... 104.8 103.7 3.2 0.0 2.2 0.4 -1.0

Germany................................................ 103.8 103.8 -3.5 0.0 0.0 -0.5 0.0

Latin America3

........................................ 113.2 109.6 8.4 -0.7 0.7 -0.4 -3.2

Mexico.................................................. 117.8 115.0 14.2 -1.0 1.0 -0.1 -2.4

Pacific Rim4............................................ 110.8 108.9 7.6 -0.1 0.8 0.9 -1.7

China.................................................... 109.0 106.8 4.6 -0.6 0.7 0.8 -2.0

Japan.................................................... 111.1 108.9 8.7 0.6 1.1 1.0 -2.0

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: December

2020 to December 2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20211

Index Percent change

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2020 to

Dec.

2021

Aug.

2021 to

Sep.

2021

Sep.

2021 to

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2021 to

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2021 to

Dec.

2021

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 408.5 354.8 10.6 4.4 4.6 14.1 -13.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 25.167 302.1 301.9 24.7 0.5 2.8 17.6 -0.1

Asia.................................................. 74.833 424.5 349.7 1.8 6.1 4.8 12.9 -17.6

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 175.2 172.9 4.3 0.8 1.5 0.4 -1.3

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 28.728 149.7 152.4 3.3 1.7 1.0 -0.2 1.8

Asia (Dec. 2011=100).............................. 49.221 130.8 128.1 7.0 0.0 2.0 0.8 -2.1

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 291.6 277.7 14.0 3.6 4.2 9.0 -4.8

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 25.454 203.4 202.6 20.0 0.6 2.0 14.3 -0.4

Asia.................................................. 74.546 301.4 282.5 9.4 5.4 4.6 7.3 -6.3

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 248.7 252.1 66.5 -37.8 1.4 63.3 1.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 19.583 167.0 172.2 2.9 2.0 0.5 -0.9 3.1

Asia.................................................. 66.980 334.8 339.2 134.4 -57.6 2.5 138.6 1.3

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 166.3 174.7 11.1 4.7 -1.4 0.2 5.1

Europe............................................... 44.891 183.4 172.4 25.0 12.5 2.0 1.4 -6.0

Asia.................................................. 25.813 152.0 170.8 -14.9 -7.7 -2.3 -4.0 12.4

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 6.517 121.0 161.0 33.4 -9.0 0.9 5.7 33.1

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 167.7 171.5 11.9 -8.8 -2.3 0.9 2.3

Europe............................................... 29.052 203.0 205.3 13.6 0.4 -0.7 0.7 1.1

Asia.................................................. 29.803 181.1 188.2 14.5 -16.1 -3.4 -0.5 3.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 20.995 143.9 153.6 9.6 -9.2 -1.5 -0.1 6.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.