For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, November 8, 2016 USDL-16-2128

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2016

The number of job openings was little changed at 5.5 million on the last business day of September, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires edged down to 5.1 million and total separations

was little changed at 4.9 million. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.1 percent and the 

layoffs and discharges rate decreased to 1.0 percent. This release includes estimates of the number and 

rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four geographic 

regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of September, there were 5.5 million job openings, little changed from August. 

The job openings rate was 3.7 percent in September. The number of job openings was little changed for 

total private and for government. Job openings was also little changed in all industries and regions. (See 

table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires edged down to 5.1 million in September (-187,000). The hires rate was 3.5 percent. 

The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires decreased in arts, 

entertainment, and recreation (-63,000) and was little changed in all other industries. The number of 

hires decreased in the Northeast region (-108,000) and was little changed in all other regions. (See table 

2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.9 million total separations in September, little changed from August. The total 

separations rate in September was 3.4 percent. The number of total separations was essentially 

unchanged for total private and for government. Total separations increased in transportation, 

warehousing, and utilities (+50,000) and decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-55,000). The 

number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in September at 3.1 million. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. Over 

the month, the number of quits was little changed for total private, and increased for government 

(+36,000). Quits increased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+43,000), state and local 

government, excluding education (+25,000), information (+15,000), and state and local government 

education (+10,000). Quits decreased in other services (-37,000). The number of quits was little changed 

in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.5 million layoffs and discharges in September, a decrease of 218,000 from August. The 

layoffs and discharges rate decreased to 1.0 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased for

total private (-186,000) and for government (-31,000). The layoffs and discharges level decreased in 

health care and social assistance (-61,000), arts, entertainment, and recreation (-60,000), state and local 

government education (-23,000), and mining and logging (-5,000). The number of layoffs and 

discharges decreased in the South region (-105,000). (See table 5.)

In September, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and 

government. Other separations decreased in mining and logging (-3,000). The number of other 

separations was little changed in all other industries and in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in September, hires totaled 62.7 million 

and separations totaled 60.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.6 million. These totals 

include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for October 2016 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, December 7, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,360 5,453 5,486 5,131 5,268 5,081 4,956 5,052 4,914

Total private....................................... 4,880 4,941 4,987 4,806 4,888 4,716 4,633 4,696 4,552

Mining and logging1............................ 17 11 17 25 31 28 34 31 24

Construction1................................... 104 192 221 324 337 310 316 327 291

Manufacturing.................................. 312 326 334 279 274 269 272 268 268

Durable goods1.............................. 191 185 205 175 152 159 168 157 162

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 120 141 130 104 122 110 103 111 106

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 954 997 978 1,060 1,091 1,100 1,022 1,009 1,040

Wholesale trade1............................ 163 160 163 133 160 137 124 147 120

Retail trade................................... 623 628 636 744 752 771 718 707 714

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 169 208 180 183 179 191 180 156 206

Information1

..................................... 110 83 94 83 71 72 81 72 77

Financial activities.............................. 313 332 354 188 192 173 186 186 169

Finance and insurance..................... 269 253 259 117 133 114 114 123 112

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 44 79 95 71 59 59 73 63 57

Professional and business services......... 1,111 1,022 1,055 1,058 1,072 1,077 1,012 1,008 1,009

Education and health services............... 1,080 1,041 1,063 610 634 592 542 595 555

Educational services1

....................... 92 95 97 80 92 81 66 85 74

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 989 946 967 529 543 511 476 510 481

Leisure and hospitality........................ 706 749 701 961 1,005 908 938 988 925

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 50 74 64 141 174 111 139 193 138

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 656 675 637 820 831 797 799 795 787

Other services1................................. 173 189 168 217 180 187 231 211 194

Government....................................... 480 511 499 325 380 365 323 357 362

Federal1

......................................... 55 88 93 33 40 39 35 37 37

State and local................................. 424 424 406 292 339 327 288 320 325

State and local education.................. 150 147 139 139 160 165 151 162 150

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 274 276 267 153 180 162 137 157 174

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4

Total private....................................... 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7

Mining and logging1

............................ 2.1 1.6 2.5 3.2 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.6 3.5

Construction1

................................... 1.6 2.8 3.2 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.4

Manufacturing.................................. 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.6 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.0

Retail trade................................... 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.0 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.8 3.8

Information1

..................................... 3.8 2.9 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.8

Financial activities.............................. 3.7 3.8 4.1 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0

Finance and insurance..................... 4.2 3.9 4.0 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 2.1 3.5 4.2 3.4 2.8 2.7 3.5 2.9 2.7

Professional and business services......... 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.0

Education and health services............... 4.6 4.4 4.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.4

Educational services1

....................... 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.3 1.9 2.4 2.1

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.0 4.7 4.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.5

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.4 4.6 4.3 6.3 6.5 5.8 6.2 6.4 5.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 2.3 3.2 2.8 6.5 7.7 5.0 6.4 8.6 6.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.8 4.8 4.6 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.9

Other services1

................................. 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.9 3.2 3.3 4.1 3.7 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Government....................................... 2.1 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

Federal1

......................................... 2.0 3.0 3.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local................................. 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7

State and local education.................. 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 2.9 3.0 2.9 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.9

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total............................................... 5,360 5,514 5,643 5,831 5,453 5,486 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,880 4,986 5,115 5,284 4,941 4,987 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9

Mining and logging3

....................... 17 11 12 13 11 17 2.1 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.6 2.5

Construction3............................... 104 193 187 225 192 221 1.6 2.8 2.7 3.3 2.8 3.2

Manufacturing.............................. 312 350 361 379 326 334 2.5 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.7

Durable goods3

.......................... 191 180 200 223 185 205 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.6

Nondurable goods3

...................... 120 170 160 156 141 130 2.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 954 970 986 1,046 997 978 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 163 162 182 177 160 163 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.7

Retail trade............................... 623 605 588 623 628 636 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 169 202 217 246 208 180 3.0 3.6 3.8 4.3 3.7 3.2

Information3................................. 110 95 94 80 83 94 3.8 3.3 3.3 2.8 2.9 3.3

Financial activities......................... 313 305 314 318 332 354 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.1

Finance and insurance................. 269 249 232 240 253 259 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 44 56 82 78 79 95 2.1 2.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 4.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,111 1,032 1,104 1,212 1,022 1,055 5.3 4.9 5.2 5.6 4.8 4.9

Education and health services........... 1,080 1,073 1,127 1,073 1,041 1,063 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5

Educational services3

................... 92 87 102 103 95 97 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 989 985 1,025 970 946 967 5.0 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 706 791 741 747 749 701 4.4 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 50 87 91 94 74 64 2.3 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.2 2.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 656 704 651 653 675 637 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6

Other services3

............................. 173 167 188 191 189 168 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.9

Government................................... 480 528 527 546 511 499 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2

Federal3

..................................... 55 93 86 90 88 93 2.0 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2

State and local............................. 424 435 441 457 424 406 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1

State and local education.............. 150 144 139 164 147 139 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.3

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 274 291 302 292 276 267 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 896 966 928 983 944 991 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6

South........................................... 2,015 1,995 2,166 2,119 1,961 2,042 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,218 1,243 1,275 1,333 1,223 1,189 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.6 3.5

West............................................ 1,232 1,310 1,273 1,396 1,324 1,263 3.7 3.9 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.7

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total............................................... 5,131 5,047 5,172 5,258 5,268 5,081 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,806 4,695 4,814 4,889 4,888 4,716 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8

Mining and logging......................... 25 20 23 23 31 28 3.2 2.9 3.4 3.4 4.6 4.1

Construction................................ 324 325 281 328 337 310 5.0 4.9 4.2 4.9 5.1 4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 279 268 281 276 274 269 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2

Durable goods........................... 175 160 161 163 152 159 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 104 108 119 113 122 110 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,060 1,019 1,038 1,059 1,091 1,100 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 133 142 144 135 160 137 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.3

Retail trade............................... 744 710 719 750 752 771 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 183 167 175 174 179 191 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5

Information.................................. 83 69 76 77 71 72 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6

Financial activities......................... 188 192 197 183 192 173 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.1

Finance and insurance................. 117 130 130 118 133 114 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 71 62 67 65 59 59 3.4 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,058 987 1,003 1,162 1,072 1,077 5.3 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.3

Education and health services........... 610 644 654 626 634 592 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.6

Educational services.................... 80 102 96 84 92 81 2.3 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 529 541 558 542 543 511 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 961 986 1,024 1,001 1,005 908 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.4 6.5 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 141 146 180 160 174 111 6.5 6.6 8.0 7.1 7.7 5.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 820 840 844 840 831 797 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.0

Other services.............................. 217 187 238 156 180 187 3.9 3.3 4.2 2.7 3.2 3.3

Government................................... 325 352 358 368 380 365 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

Federal...................................... 33 41 38 41 40 39 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4

State and local............................. 292 311 320 328 339 327 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

State and local education.............. 139 160 163 168 160 165 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 153 151 156 159 180 162 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 814 777 859 805 895 787 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.3 2.9

South........................................... 2,033 1,907 1,889 2,056 2,002 1,984 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,122 1,152 1,187 1,187 1,182 1,139 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5

West............................................ 1,162 1,211 1,237 1,210 1,189 1,171 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total............................................... 4,956 4,978 4,964 4,991 5,052 4,914 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,633 4,642 4,612 4,665 4,696 4,552 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7

Mining and logging......................... 34 26 28 25 31 24 4.3 3.7 4.0 3.7 4.6 3.5

Construction................................ 316 338 293 294 327 291 4.9 5.1 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.4

Manufacturing.............................. 272 294 264 263 268 268 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2

Durable goods........................... 168 183 160 160 157 162 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 103 111 103 103 111 106 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,022 1,010 1,047 1,068 1,009 1,040 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8

Wholesale trade......................... 124 132 138 146 147 120 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.0

Retail trade............................... 718 706 711 750 707 714 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 180 173 198 172 156 206 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.1 2.8 3.8

Information.................................. 81 75 68 81 72 77 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.8

Financial activities......................... 186 186 177 173 186 169 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0

Finance and insurance................. 114 126 118 107 123 112 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 73 60 58 66 63 57 3.5 2.8 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,012 966 943 1,045 1,008 1,009 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.0 5.0

Education and health services........... 542 593 618 584 595 555 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4

Educational services.................... 66 92 102 93 85 74 1.9 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 476 501 517 491 510 481 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 938 969 950 944 988 925 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.4 5.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 139 155 155 140 193 138 6.4 7.0 6.9 6.2 8.6 6.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 799 815 795 804 795 787 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.9

Other services.............................. 231 184 224 188 211 194 4.1 3.2 3.9 3.3 3.7 3.4

Government................................... 323 335 352 326 357 362 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 35 32 34 36 37 37 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local............................. 288 303 317 289 320 325 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

State and local education.............. 151 146 164 132 162 150 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 137 157 153 158 157 174 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 785 749 787 848 876 807 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.0

South........................................... 1,967 1,946 1,885 2,003 1,960 1,894 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.6

Midwest........................................ 1,061 1,139 1,115 1,068 1,052 1,030 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2

West............................................ 1,143 1,143 1,176 1,072 1,164 1,183 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total............................................... 2,748 2,942 2,979 2,977 3,009 3,070 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,601 2,775 2,785 2,807 2,847 2,873 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

Mining and logging......................... 15 12 13 12 13 14 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.1

Construction................................ 133 120 110 128 137 115 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.7

Manufacturing.............................. 144 142 136 143 140 147 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2

Durable goods........................... 88 80 77 80 76 85 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1

Nondurable goods....................... 57 62 59 63 64 62 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 620 623 649 653 651 677 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5

Wholesale trade......................... 83 67 89 95 90 76 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3

Retail trade............................... 446 462 459 467 475 473 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 90 94 101 90 85 128 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.6 2.3

Information.................................. 43 36 36 40 38 53 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.9

Financial activities......................... 97 112 103 100 105 87 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0

Finance and insurance................. 61 74 71 63 68 57 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 36 38 32 37 37 30 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 486 547 542 565 598 601 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0

Education and health services........... 342 405 410 398 375 389 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7

Educational services.................... 35 53 51 51 51 43 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 308 352 359 347 324 346 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 608 678 645 635 639 675 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 55 65 58 63 63 70 2.5 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 552 612 587 573 576 605 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.5

Other services3

............................. 114 100 140 133 150 113 2.0 1.8 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.0

Government................................... 147 168 194 170 162 198 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9

Federal...................................... 12 11 13 13 13 13 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 134 156 181 156 149 184 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.0

State and local education.............. 72 70 96 69 76 86 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 62 86 85 87 73 98 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.1

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 393 394 407 442 433 432 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

South........................................... 1,126 1,197 1,199 1,206 1,214 1,248 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

Midwest........................................ 621 691 660 644 625 631 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9

West............................................ 608 661 713 685 737 759 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total............................................... 1,842 1,701 1,622 1,639 1,692 1,474 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,737 1,594 1,529 1,542 1,557 1,371 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1

Mining and logging3

....................... 15 10 11 8 13 8 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.9 1.1

Construction................................ 175 204 168 146 171 158 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 108 131 106 95 110 98 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Durable goods........................... 67 92 70 64 70 63 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 41 39 36 32 40 36 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 301 301 311 331 276 280 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0

Wholesale trade3

........................ 25 59 37 40 48 34 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6

Retail trade............................... 204 177 189 222 175 188 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 72 65 85 68 54 58 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.1

Information.................................. 26 30 24 30 24 15 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.5

Financial activities......................... 73 53 51 47 51 54 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

Finance and insurance................. 40 36 30 24 32 32 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 33 17 20 23 18 22 1.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 471 368 340 413 358 348 2.4 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.7

Education and health services........... 152 157 167 140 179 118 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5

Educational services.................... 25 33 37 34 26 26 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 128 123 130 106 153 92 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 303 261 281 278 317 215 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 80 84 95 76 125 65 3.6 3.8 4.2 3.3 5.5 2.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 224 177 186 203 192 151 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.1

Other services.............................. 112 80 71 54 58 75 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.3

Government................................... 106 107 93 97 134 103 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5

Federal...................................... 8 11 11 12 13 13 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 98 97 83 85 122 90 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5

State and local education.............. 50 49 42 42 64 41 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 48 47 41 43 58 49 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 323 307 328 337 372 304 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.1

South........................................... 689 615 539 644 601 496 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9

Midwest........................................ 379 372 383 354 356 326 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0

West............................................ 451 408 372 304 362 347 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

May

2016

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total............................................... 365 334 363 375 351 370 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 295 274 298 316 291 309 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 3 5 3 5 5 2 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.3

Construction3

............................... 8 15 15 21 19 18 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 19 21 22 24 18 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods........................... 13 11 13 16 11 14 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 6 10 8 8 7 8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 101 87 87 84 82 82 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 15 6 12 10 9 10 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 68 68 63 60 57 53 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 18 13 12 14 16 19 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Information3................................. 12 9 9 11 10 10 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Financial activities......................... 17 21 23 26 31 28 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 13 16 17 19 23 23 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 4 5 6 7 7 5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 55 51 61 67 52 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 47 31 42 46 40 48 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services3................... 7 6 14 9 7 5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 40 26 28 38 33 42 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 27 31 24 31 32 34 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 4 5 2 2 5 3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 23 26 22 29 27 31 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 5 4 13 1 3 6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1

Government................................... 70 60 65 59 60 61 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 15 10 11 11 11 11 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 55 50 54 47 49 50 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 29 27 27 20 22 24 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 27 23 27 27 27 27 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 69 48 53 69 71 70 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

South........................................... 151 134 147 153 145 149 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 61 77 72 70 70 73 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 84 75 91 83 65 78 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,343 5,564 5,445 3.6 3.7 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,873 5,028 4,952 3.9 3.9 3.9

Mining and logging............................................... 17 11 17 2.1 1.5 2.5

Construction....................................................... 104 192 221 1.5 2.7 3.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 312 326 334 2.5 2.6 2.6

Durable goods.................................................. 191 185 205 2.4 2.3 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 120 141 130 2.5 2.9 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,028 1,041 1,047 3.7 3.7 3.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 163 160 163 2.7 2.6 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 697 673 705 4.3 4.0 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 169 208 180 3.0 3.7 3.2

Information........................................................ 110 83 94 3.8 2.9 3.3

Financial activities................................................ 305 323 348 3.6 3.7 4.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 261 244 253 4.1 3.8 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 44 79 95 2.1 3.5 4.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,075 1,021 1,013 5.1 4.8 4.7

Education and health services.................................. 1,060 1,058 1,047 4.6 4.5 4.4

Educational services.......................................... 92 95 97 2.6 2.9 2.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 969 963 950 4.9 4.8 4.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 689 784 661 4.3 4.6 4.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 41 84 47 1.8 3.2 2.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 648 700 615 4.7 4.9 4.4

Other services.................................................... 173 189 168 3.0 3.2 2.9

Government.......................................................... 470 536 494 2.1 2.5 2.2

Federal............................................................. 55 88 93 2.0 3.0 3.2

State and local.................................................... 415 449 401 2.1 2.4 2.0

State and local education..................................... 141 172 134 1.4 1.9 1.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 274 276 267 3.0 2.9 2.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 896 1,002 1,009 3.3 3.6 3.6

South................................................................. 1,990 1,946 2,013 3.7 3.6 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,244 1,267 1,189 3.8 3.8 3.5

West.................................................................. 1,213 1,349 1,235 3.6 3.9 3.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,273 5,853 5,186 3.7 4.1 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,872 5,202 4,743 4.0 4.2 3.9

Mining and logging............................................... 24 31 28 3.0 4.5 4.0

Construction....................................................... 308 335 284 4.6 4.8 4.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 286 295 277 2.3 2.4 2.3

Durable goods.................................................. 174 162 160 2.2 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 112 133 117 2.4 2.9 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,041 1,123 1,102 3.9 4.1 4.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 139 161 140 2.4 2.7 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 712 781 748 4.6 4.9 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 191 181 213 3.5 3.3 3.9

Information........................................................ 78 71 67 2.8 2.6 2.4

Financial activities................................................ 186 193 165 2.3 2.3 2.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 114 133 108 1.9 2.2 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 72 60 57 3.4 2.7 2.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,026 1,100 1,041 5.2 5.4 5.1

Education and health services.................................. 714 819 679 3.2 3.7 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 146 178 140 4.3 5.5 4.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 569 642 539 3.0 3.3 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 983 1,071 906 6.4 6.6 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 132 139 101 5.9 5.5 4.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 851 932 805 6.5 6.8 6.0

Other services.................................................... 225 163 195 4.0 2.8 3.4

Government.......................................................... 401 652 443 1.8 3.1 2.0

Federal............................................................. 32 39 36 1.2 1.4 1.3

State and local.................................................... 369 613 407 1.9 3.3 2.1

State and local education..................................... 238 445 270 2.3 4.9 2.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 131 168 138 1.5 1.8 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 932 933 885 3.5 3.5 3.3

South................................................................. 2,003 2,321 1,960 3.9 4.4 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,118 1,303 1,128 3.5 4.0 3.5

West.................................................................. 1,221 1,296 1,213 3.8 3.9 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,341 6,105 5,238 3.7 4.2 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,978 5,584 4,823 4.1 4.5 3.9

Mining and logging............................................... 36 34 26 4.5 5.0 3.8

Construction....................................................... 320 370 286 4.8 5.3 4.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 300 344 293 2.4 2.8 2.4

Durable goods.................................................. 181 201 172 2.3 2.6 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 120 142 121 2.6 3.1 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,013 1,151 1,040 3.8 4.2 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 132 164 125 2.2 2.7 2.1

Retail trade..................................................... 710 827 708 4.6 5.2 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 171 160 206 3.1 2.9 3.8

Information........................................................ 80 82 76 2.9 2.9 2.8

Financial activities................................................ 180 224 163 2.2 2.7 2.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 111 158 106 1.8 2.6 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 69 65 57 3.3 3.0 2.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,020 1,139 1,003 5.1 5.6 4.9

Education and health services.................................. 574 731 570 2.6 3.3 2.5

Educational services.......................................... 73 137 74 2.2 4.3 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 501 593 496 2.7 3.1 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,199 1,273 1,145 7.8 7.8 7.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 257 269 240 11.5 10.6 10.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 942 1,003 905 7.2 7.3 6.7

Other services.................................................... 256 237 219 4.6 4.1 3.8

Government.......................................................... 363 521 415 1.7 2.5 1.9

Federal............................................................. 37 40 39 1.3 1.4 1.4

State and local.................................................... 326 481 376 1.7 2.6 1.9

State and local education..................................... 131 231 133 1.3 2.6 1.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 195 249 243 2.2 2.7 2.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 950 1,106 959 3.6 4.1 3.6

South................................................................. 2,015 2,360 1,930 3.9 4.5 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,159 1,308 1,093 3.6 4.1 3.4

West.................................................................. 1,217 1,331 1,256 3.8 4.0 3.8

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 2,929 3,851 3,270 2.1 2.7 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,776 3,595 3,059 2.3 2.9 2.5

Mining and logging............................................... 17 17 17 2.2 2.5 2.5

Construction....................................................... 140 187 117 2.1 2.7 1.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 161 198 164 1.3 1.6 1.3

Durable goods.................................................. 95 105 94 1.2 1.4 1.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 66 93 71 1.4 2.0 1.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 662 811 727 2.5 3.0 2.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 92 106 80 1.6 1.8 1.3

Retail trade..................................................... 478 603 508 3.1 3.8 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 92 102 139 1.7 1.9 2.5

Information........................................................ 42 50 53 1.5 1.8 1.9

Financial activities................................................ 100 130 85 1.2 1.5 1.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 64 92 55 1.1 1.5 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 36 37 30 1.7 1.7 1.4

Professional and business services............................ 481 726 597 2.4 3.6 2.9

Education and health services.................................. 361 478 402 1.6 2.1 1.8

Educational services.......................................... 43 89 49 1.3 2.8 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 318 389 354 1.7 2.0 1.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 699 848 784 4.5 5.2 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 77 113 99 3.4 4.4 4.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 622 736 685 4.7 5.4 5.1

Other services.................................................... 114 150 113 2.0 2.6 2.0

Government.......................................................... 153 256 211 0.7 1.2 1.0

Federal............................................................. 14 18 14 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local.................................................... 140 238 197 0.7 1.3 1.0

State and local education..................................... 72 124 87 0.7 1.4 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 68 113 111 0.8 1.2 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 464 587 511 1.8 2.2 1.9

South................................................................. 1,153 1,528 1,282 2.2 2.9 2.4

Midwest............................................................... 673 835 673 2.1 2.6 2.1

West.................................................................. 640 901 804 2.0 2.7 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 2,056 1,891 1,610 1.4 1.3 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,911 1,689 1,462 1.6 1.4 1.2

Mining and logging............................................... 15 13 8 1.9 1.9 1.1

Construction....................................................... 172 164 151 2.6 2.4 2.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 122 127 108 1.0 1.0 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 74 85 67 1.0 1.1 0.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 48 42 42 1.0 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 248 248 231 0.9 0.9 0.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 25 48 34 0.4 0.8 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 162 158 150 1.0 1.0 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 61 42 47 1.1 0.8 0.9

Information........................................................ 25 22 14 0.9 0.8 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 64 63 51 0.8 0.7 0.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 35 42 29 0.6 0.7 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 29 21 22 1.4 0.9 1.0

Professional and business services............................ 487 362 350 2.5 1.8 1.7

Education and health services.................................. 166 213 120 0.8 0.9 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 23 41 21 0.7 1.3 0.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 143 171 99 0.8 0.9 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 474 392 327 3.1 2.4 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 177 152 137 7.9 6.0 6.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 297 241 190 2.3 1.8 1.4

Other services.................................................... 138 85 100 2.5 1.5 1.8

Government.......................................................... 145 202 148 0.7 1.0 0.7

Federal............................................................. 9 11 15 0.3 0.4 0.5

State and local.................................................... 136 190 133 0.7 1.0 0.7

State and local education..................................... 36 80 28 0.4 0.9 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 100 110 106 1.1 1.2 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 410 447 371 1.6 1.7 1.4

South................................................................. 723 685 512 1.4 1.3 1.0

Midwest............................................................... 426 394 348 1.3 1.2 1.1

West.................................................................. 497 365 378 1.5 1.1 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Sept.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 356 364 357 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 291 301 301 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 3 4 2 0.4 0.6 0.2

Construction....................................................... 8 19 18 0.1 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 18 18 20 0.1 0.1 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 11 11 12 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 6 7 8 0.1 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 103 92 81 0.4 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 15 10 12 0.3 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 70 65 50 0.4 0.4 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 18 16 19 0.3 0.3 0.4

Information........................................................ 12 10 10 0.4 0.4 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 16 31 27 0.2 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 12 24 23 0.2 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 4 7 5 0.2 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 52 51 56 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 47 40 48 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 7 7 5 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 40 33 42 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 27 32 34 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 4 5 3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 23 27 31 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 5 3 6 0.1 0.1 0.1

Government.......................................................... 65 63 56 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal............................................................. 15 10 11 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 50 53 45 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local education..................................... 23 26 19 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 27 26 27 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 76 71 76 0.3 0.3 0.3

South................................................................. 139 148 136 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 60 79 72 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 81 66 73 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.