For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 9, 2013 USDL-13-0625 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2013

There were 3.9 million job openings on the last business day of February, up from 3.6 million in 

January, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.3 percent) and separations 

rate (3.1 percent) were little changed in February. This release includes estimates of the number and rate 

of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region. 

Job Openings

The number of job openings in February was 3.9 million, up from January. (See table 1.) This was the 

highest number of job openings since May 2008. In February, the number of openings rose in health 

care and social assistance, accommodation and food services, and state and local government. The 

number of job openings increased in the Midwest region. 

The number of job openings in February (not seasonally adjusted) was up over the year for total 

nonfarm and total private, and was little changed for government. Job openings increased over the year 

for construction, finance and insurance, accommodation and food services, and state and local 

government. The West region experienced an increase in job openings over the year. (See table 7.)

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

March 2010 - February 2013

2013 2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Hires

Separations

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

March 2010 - February 2013

2013
- 2 - 

Hires

In February, the hires rate was little changed at 3.3 percent. The hires rate also was little changed in all 

industries and in all regions over the month. (See table 2.) 

Over the 12 months ending in February, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for

total nonfarm, total private, and government. The hires rate decreased in professional and business 

services. The hires rate was little changed in all four regions. (See table 8.) 

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total ......................................................3,526 3,611 3,925 4,489 4,298 4,418 4,202 4,173 4,202

Total private 1

....................................... 3,114 3,194 3,485 4,181 4,015 4,118 3,914 3,872 3,903

Construction....................................... 74 104 116 348 326 345 341 315 322

Manufacturing.................................... 259 253 259 258 219 228 237 215 223

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

......... 569 645 608 829 868 940 811 854 859

Retail trade..................................... 349 390 378 565 586 656 562 580 587

Professional and business services......... 668 690 722 985 878 855 906 845 798

Education and health services 3

............ 659 579 673 539 507 483 471 486 475

 Health care and social assistance...... 598 524 617 461 443 424 415 417 402

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 417 453 510 775 747 771 715 715 752

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 49 52 52 151 104 116 145 101 109

Accommodation and food services...... 368 401 458 624 643 655 570 614 643

Government 4

....................................... 412 417 440 309 283 300 288 302 299

State and local.................................... 342 340 370 276 249 261 255 259 262

Total ...................................................... 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1

Total private 1

....................................... 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4

Construction....................................... 1.3 1.8 2.0 6.2 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.6

Manufacturing.................................... 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

......... 2.2 2.4 2.3 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.3

Retail trade.................................... 2.3 2.5 2.4 3.8 3.9 4.4 3.8 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services......... 3.6 3.7 3.8 5.5 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.4

Education and health services 3............ 3.2 2.7 3.2 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3

 Health care and social assistance...... 3.4 3.0 3.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 3.0 3.2 3.5 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 2.4 2.6 2.5 7.7 5.2 5.8 7.4 5.1 5.5

Accommodation and food services...... 3.1 3.2 3.7 5.3 5.4 5.5 4.9 5.1 5.4

Government 4

....................................... 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4

State and local.................................... 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not show n separately.

 2 Includes w holesale trade and transportation, w arehousing, and utilities, not show n separately.

 3 Includes educational services, not show n separately.

 4 Includes federal government, not show n separately.

 p Preliminary

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)
- 3 - 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations also is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In February, the quits rate was unchanged at 1.7 percent. The quits rate also was unchanged for total 

private and government. (See table 4.) 

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) rose over the 12 months ending in February for total 

nonfarm and was essentially unchanged for total private and government. The quits level increased over 

the year in accommodation and food services and in the South. (See table 10.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels and for the four regions. The layoffs and discharges rate was little 

changed in February at 1.2 percent. The rate also was little changed for total private, government, and all 

four regions. (See table 5.) 

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total 

private, and government over the 12 months ending in February 2013. Over the year, the number of 

layoffs and discharges fell in professional and business services and rose in federal government. The 

number of layoffs was little changed in all four regions. (See table 11.) 

In February, there were 326,000 other separations for total nonfarm, down from the previous month. The 

number of other separations for total private was little changed, while the number decreased in 

government. Over the 12 months ending in February, the number of other separations was essentially 

unchanged for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See tables 6 and 12.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in February 2013, hires totaled 52.0 

million and separations totaled 50.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.9 million. These 

figures include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for March 2013 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, May 7, 2013 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,400 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which 

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees 

program. 

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements. 

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations. 

Seasonal adjustment 

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series. 

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method. 

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request. 

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation. 

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p

Total ........................................................................................................... 3,526 3,603 3,646 3,789 3,612 3,611 3,925 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 3,114 3,216 3,295 3,421 3,235 3,194 3,485 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.0

Construction........................................................................ 74 83 100 96 95 104 116 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.0

Manufacturing................................................................ 259 242 265 271 242 253 259 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 569 648 618 731 704 645 608 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.3

Retail trade................................................................................. 349 389 392 475 436 390 378 2.3 2.5 2.6 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.4

Professional and business services......................... 668 609 661 649 575 690 722 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.7 3.8

Education and health services 6........................................... 659 712 667 691 670 579 673 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.7 3.2

 Health care and social assistance... 598 644 611 633 602 524 617 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.0 3.5

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 417 378 438 481 453 453 510 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 49 48 49 52 59 52 52 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.5

Accommodation and food services......................... 368 329 389 428 394 401 458 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.7

Government 7......................................................................................... 412 387 350 368 377 417 440 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.0

State and local.................................................................................... 342 317 289 301 313 340 370 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.9

REGION 8

Northeast ......................................................................... 645 657 643 674 661 668 702 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7

South ............................................................................................... 1,395 1,338 1,434 1,434 1,364 1,441 1,521 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9 3.0

Midwest ......................................................................................... 793 833 829 912 838 723 827 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.6

West ...................................................................................... 693 776 740 769 749 778 875 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.9

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 

8

 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 

5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 

6

 Includes educational services, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 

7

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 

p

 Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p

Total ........................................................................................................... 4,489 4,217 4,287 4,420 4,195 4,298 4,418 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 4,181 3,934 4,031 4,134 3,915 4,015 4,118 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6

Construction........................................................................ 348 337 318 386 280 326 345 6.2 6.0 5.6 6.8 4.9 5.7 6.0

Manufacturing................................................................ 258 227 234 234 236 219 228 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 829 833 911 900 890 868 940 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6

Retail trade................................................................................. 565 560 617 597 600 586 656 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.4

Professional and business services......................... 985 857 864 912 798 878 855 5.5 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.4 4.8 4.7

Education and health services 6........................................... 539 493 489 471 506 507 483 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4

 Health care and social assistance... 461 413 420 421 431 443 424 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 775 712 752 697 759 747 771 5.7 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 151 100 125 108 130 104 116 7.7 5.1 6.3 5.4 6.5 5.2 5.8

Accommodation and food services......................... 624 612 627 589 629 643 655 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.5

Government 7......................................................................................... 309 283 255 286 280 283 300 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

State and local.................................................................................... 276 251 225 256 246 249 261 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

REGION 8

Northeast ......................................................................... 752 760 637 736 687 675 705 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7

South ............................................................................................... 1,800 1,709 1,729 1,645 1,660 1,787 1,845 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.8

Midwest ......................................................................................... 981 913 931 1,013 924 906 847 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.0 2.8

West ...................................................................................... 956 835 990 1,026 924 930 1,021 3.3 2.8 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.4

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 6

 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of 7

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

total employment. 8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal p Preliminary

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3 (in thousands)

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p

Total ........................................................................................................... 4,202 4,052 4,079 4,179 4,062 4,173 4,202 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 3,914 3,806 3,751 3,885 3,772 3,872 3,903 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4

Construction........................................................................ 341 336 288 359 263 315 322 6.0 6.0 5.1 6.3 4.6 5.5 5.6

Manufacturing................................................................ 237 239 220 229 231 215 223 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 811 821 828 774 840 854 859 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.3

Retail trade................................................................................. 562 559 551 512 595 580 587 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.4 4.0 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services......................... 906 846 784 849 813 845 798 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.4

Education and health services 6........................................... 471 438 456 465 468 486 475 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3

 Health care and social assistance.... 415 374 384 402 402 417 402 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 715 678 726 694 729 715 752 5.2 4.9 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 145 105 113 109 125 101 109 7.4 5.3 5.7 5.5 6.3 5.1 5.5

Accommodation and food services......................... 570 573 613 584 604 614 643 4.9 4.8 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.4

Government 7......................................................................................... 288 246 328 294 290 302 299 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

State and local.................................................................................... 255 213 291 255 251 259 262 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

REGION 8

Northeast......................................................................... 705 700 666 656 663 724 684 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.7

South............................................................................................... 1,661 1,651 1,628 1,585 1,609 1,587 1,709 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.5

Midwest......................................................................................... 971 883 851 982 894 849 886 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.9

West...................................................................................... 866 818 933 956 895 1,013 922 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.1

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 6

 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

month. 7

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 

entire month as a percent of total employment. p

 Preliminary

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p

Total ........................................................................................................... 2,106 1,976 2,079 2,140 2,126 2,260 2,260 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 1,986 1,870 1,929 2,010 1,999 2,128 2,128 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9

Construction........................................................................ 79 77 93 90 68 134 105 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.2 2.3 1.8

Manufacturing................................................................ 104 107 96 106 116 98 100 .9 .9 .8 .9 1.0 .8 .8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 476 446 461 465 452 491 492 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9

Retail trade................................................................................. 353 328 318 344 328 362 355 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4

Professional and business services......................... 385 372 360 394 413 375 385 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1

Education and health services 6........................................... 297 242 255 280 273 299 282 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4

 Health care and social assistance.... 266 206 226 247 248 264 245 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 424 396 437 442 451 472 500 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 54 31 43 42 38 47 50 2.8 1.6 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.5

Accommodation and food services......................... 370 364 394 400 413 426 451 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8

Government 7......................................................................................... 119 106 150 130 127 132 132 .5 .5 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6

State and local.................................................................................... 107 97 137 119 115 121 122 .6 .5 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6

REGION 8

Northeast ......................................................................... 326 293 290 292 315 352 312 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2

South ............................................................................................... 864 860 875 883 892 908 1,018 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1

Midwest ......................................................................................... 490 436 452 496 454 479 476 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

West ...................................................................................... 426 388 462 469 465 522 454 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.5

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 6

 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a 7

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p Preliminary

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p

Total ........................................................................................................... 1,762 1,732 1,672 1,705 1,569 1,520 1,615 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 1,652 1,648 1,559 1,611 1,479 1,430 1,516 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3

Construction........................................................................ – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing................................................................ – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade................................................................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services......................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services 6........................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

 Health care and social assistance... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services......................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government 7......................................................................................... 110 83 113 94 89 90 100 .5 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4 .5

State and local.................................................................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION 8

Northeast......................................................................... 309 337 320 310 284 284 295 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1

South............................................................................................... 674 658 621 582 557 532 578 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2

Midwest......................................................................................... 410 364 332 397 357 298 338 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1

West...................................................................................... 369 373 398 416 370 406 405 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the 6

 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

entire month. 7

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during 8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 

the entire month as a percent of total employment. p

 Preliminary

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent – Data not available.

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

not shown separately.

Table 6. Other separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013p

Total ........................................................................................................... 334 344 328 334 367 393 326 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 276 287 263 264 293 314 259 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2

Construction........................................................................ – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing................................................................ – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade................................................................................. – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services......................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services 6........................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

 Health care and social assistance... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services......................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government 7......................................................................................... 59 56 65 70 74 79 67 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3

State and local.................................................................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION 8

Northeast ......................................................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

South ............................................................................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Midwest ......................................................................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

West ...................................................................................... – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 6

 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire 7

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

month as a percent of total employment. 8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p Preliminary

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. – Data not available.

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

not shown separately.

Industry and region

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates
Table 7. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total........................................................................................................... 3,319 3,752 3,730 2.5 2.8 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 2,932 3,368 3,306 2.6 2.9 2.9

Mining and logging...................................................22 20 25 2.5 2.3 2.9

Construction...................................................................................................... 66 100 108 1.2 1.8 2.0

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 254 249 254 2.1 2.1 2.1

Durable goods.............................................................................. 175 158 164 2.3 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 79 91 91 1.8 2.0 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 526 652 539 2.1 2.5 2.1

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 109 150 109 1.9 2.6 1.9

Retail trade................................................................................. 296 372 314 2.0 2.4 2.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 121 130 116 2.4 2.5 2.3

Information...................................................................................... 89 94 88 3.2 3.4 3.1

Financial activities........................................................................... 169 255 305 2.1 3.2 3.8

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 123 179 244 2.1 3.0 4.0

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 46 76 60 2.4 3.8 3.0

Professional and business services........................................ 640 800 708 3.5 4.3 3.8

Education and health services................................................................. 631 620 653 3.0 3.0 3.1

Educational services................................................................ 57 54 53 1.6 1.6 1.5

Health care and social assistance.................................. 573 566 600 3.3 3.2 3.4

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 391 392 496 2.9 2.9 3.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 50 43 53 2.8 2.4 2.9

Accommodation and food services............................... 341 349 443 2.9 2.9 3.7

Other services................................................................................. 145 187 130 2.6 3.3 2.3

Government......................................................................................... 387 384 424 1.7 1.7 1.9

Federal................................................................................................ 71 67 72 2.5 2.3 2.5

State and local.................................................................................... 315 317 352 1.6 1.6 1.8

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 589 688 647 2.3 2.7 2.5

South............................................................................................... 1,339 1,546 1,473 2.7 3.1 2.9

Midwest................................................................................................. 740 712 780 2.4 2.3 2.5

West....................................................................................................... 650 806 830 2.2 2.7 2.8

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings.

 3 See footnote 8, table 1.

 p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 8. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total........................................................................................................... 3,683 4,128 3,632 2.8 3.1 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 3,466 3,865 3,415 3.2 3.5 3.1

Mining and logging...................................................29 39 24 3.5 4.6 2.8

Construction...................................................................................................... 288 273 290 5.5 5.1 5.4

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 231 237 205 2.0 2.0 1.7

Durable goods.............................................................................. 141 152 132 1.9 2.0 1.8

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 90 85 74 2.1 1.9 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 621 744 710 2.5 2.9 2.8

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 104 142 115 1.9 2.5 2.0

Retail trade................................................................................. 409 466 485 2.8 3.1 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 109 135 110 2.2 2.7 2.2

Information...................................................................................... 55 68 59 2.1 2.6 2.2

Financial activities........................................................................... 129 203 159 1.7 2.6 2.0

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 83 141 104 1.4 2.4 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 46 62 55 2.4 3.2 2.9

Professional and business services........................................ 906 968 782 5.2 5.4 4.3

Education and health services................................................................. 457 518 404 2.2 2.5 2.0

Educational services................................................................ 67 64 47 1.9 2.0 1.4

Health care and social assistance.................................. 390 454 357 2.3 2.6 2.1

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 620 617 628 4.8 4.7 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 102 81 78 5.8 4.6 4.4

Accommodation and food services............................... 518 536 549 4.6 4.7 4.7

Other services................................................................................. 130 200 153 2.4 3.7 2.8

Government......................................................................................... 217 263 217 1.0 1.2 1.0

Federal................................................................................................ 23 29 29 .8 1.1 1.0

State and local.................................................................................... 195 233 188 1.0 1.2 1.0

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 547 624 512 2.2 2.5 2.0

South............................................................................................... 1,547 1,816 1,598 3.2 3.8 3.3

Midwest................................................................................................. 815 838 687 2.7 2.8 2.3

West....................................................................................................... 775 849 836 2.7 2.9 2.9

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 8, table 1.

 p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 9. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total........................................................................................................... 3,349 4,638 3,364 2.5 3.5 2.5

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 3,173 4,355 3,177 2.9 3.9 2.9

Mining and logging...................................................24 36 22 2.9 4.2 2.6

Construction...................................................................................................... 286 366 272 5.5 6.9 5.1

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 202 229 189 1.7 1.9 1.6

Durable goods.............................................................................. 110 146 121 1.5 2.0 1.6

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 92 83 68 2.1 1.9 1.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 683 1,112 737 2.7 4.3 2.9

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 89 138 105 1.6 2.4 1.8

Retail trade................................................................................. 486 769 519 3.3 5.1 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 108 206 112 2.2 4.1 2.3

Information...................................................................................... 50 74 48 1.9 2.8 1.8

Financial activities........................................................................... 123 222 155 1.6 2.9 2.0

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 75 143 101 1.3 2.4 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 48 79 54 2.5 4.1 2.8

Professional and business services........................................ 785 939 683 4.5 5.3 3.8

Education and health services................................................................. 393 495 384 1.9 2.4 1.9

Educational services................................................................ 34 59 44 1.0 1.8 1.3

Health care and social assistance.................................. 359 436 341 2.1 2.5 2.0

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 489 690 530 3.8 5.2 4.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 80 77 60 4.6 4.4 3.4

Accommodation and food services............................... 409 613 470 3.6 5.3 4.1

Other services................................................................................. 138 191 155 2.6 3.5 2.9

Government......................................................................................... 176 283 187 .8 1.3 .8

Federal................................................................................................ 24 61 28 .9 2.2 1.0

State and local.................................................................................... 152 222 159 .8 1.2 .8

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 532 791 519 2.1 3.1 2.0

South............................................................................................... 1,354 1,755 1,402 2.8 3.6 2.9

Midwest................................................................................................. 759 946 699 2.5 3.1 2.3

West....................................................................................................... 705 1,145 743 2.4 3.9 2.5

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 8, table 1.

 p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 10. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total........................................................................................................... 1,676 2,209 1,822 1.3 1.7 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 1,589 2,087 1,725 1.5 1.9 1.5

Mining and logging...................................................12 13 10 1.5 1.5 1.2

Construction...................................................................................................... 61 118 84 1.2 2.2 1.6

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 84 87 79 .7 .7 .7

Durable goods.............................................................................. 43 54 48 .6 .7 .6

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 41 34 31 .9 .8 .7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 392 514 413 1.6 2.0 1.6

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 42 60 52 .8 1.1 .9

Retail trade................................................................................. 294 382 303 2.0 2.6 2.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 55 72 58 1.1 1.5 1.2

Information...................................................................................... 24 47 27 .9 1.8 1.0

Financial activities........................................................................... 64 98 74 .8 1.3 1.0

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 41 69 44 .7 1.2 .7

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 23 29 30 1.2 1.5 1.6

Professional and business services........................................ 333 358 335 1.9 2.0 1.9

Education and health services................................................................. 246 301 231 1.2 1.5 1.1

Educational services................................................................ 20 34 25 .6 1.0 .7

Health care and social assistance.................................. 225 268 206 1.3 1.6 1.2

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 307 433 374 2.4 3.3 2.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 32 32 32 1.9 1.8 1.8

Accommodation and food services............................... 275 401 342 2.4 3.5 3.0

Other services................................................................................. 66 118 98 1.2 2.2 1.8

Government......................................................................................... 87 122 97 .4 .6 .4

Federal................................................................................................ 10 14 9 .4 .5 .3

State and local.................................................................................... 77 108 88 .4 .6 .5

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 250 342 242 1.0 1.4 1.0

South............................................................................................... 689 905 828 1.4 1.9 1.7

Midwest................................................................................................. 387 452 386 1.3 1.5 1.3

West....................................................................................................... 351 510 367 1.2 1.8 1.3

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 8, table 1.

 p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total........................................................................................................... 1,388 1,905 1,261 1.1 1.4 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 1,338 1,836 1,214 1.2 1.7 1.1

Mining and logging...................................................11 19 11 1.4 2.2 1.3

Construction...................................................................................................... 211 235 182 4.0 4.4 3.4

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 94 118 92 .8 1.0 .8

Durable goods.............................................................................. 56 77 62 .8 1.0 .8

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 39 41 30 .9 .9 .7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 230 494 244 .9 1.9 1.0

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 36 52 48 .6 .9 .8

Retail trade................................................................................. 160 332 157 1.1 2.2 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 35 110 38 .7 2.2 .8

Information...................................................................................... 25 18 19 .9 .7 .7

Financial activities........................................................................... 35 74 50 .5 .9 .6

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 19 35 35 .3 .6 .6

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 16 38 16 .8 2.0 .8

Professional and business services........................................ 413 464 309 2.4 2.6 1.7

Education and health services................................................................. 98 144 124 .5 .7 .6

Educational services................................................................ 10 19 16 .3 .6 .5

Health care and social assistance.................................. 87 126 108 .5 .7 .6

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 158 216 139 1.2 1.6 1.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 45 43 27 2.6 2.5 1.5

Accommodation and food services............................... 113 173 112 1.0 1.5 1.0

Other services................................................................................. 62 53 44 1.2 1.0 .8

Government......................................................................................... 50 69 47 .2 .3 .2

Federal................................................................................................ 6 10 10 .2 .4 .4

State and local.................................................................................... 44 59 37 .2 .3 .2

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 220 338 206 .9 1.3 .8

South............................................................................................... 556 655 473 1.2 1.4 1.0

Midwest................................................................................................. 315 383 257 1.1 1.3 .8

West....................................................................................................... 297 528 325 1.0 1.8 1.1

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 8, table 1.

 p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 12. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2012 2013 2013p 2012 2013 2013p

Total........................................................................................................... 286 524 281 0.2 0.4 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 247 432 237 .2 .4 .2

Mining and logging...................................................1 4 1 .1 .5 .1

Construction...................................................................................................... 15 13 6 .3 .2 .1

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 24 24 18 .2 .2 .2

Durable goods.............................................................................. 12 16 11 .2 .2 .2

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 12 9 7 .3 .2 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 61 104 80 .2 .4 .3

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 11 26 4 .2 .4 .1

Retail trade................................................................................. 32 55 59 .2 .4 .4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 18 24 17 .4 .5 .3

Information...................................................................................... 2 9 2 .1 .3 .1

Financial activities........................................................................... 24 50 31 .3 .6 .4

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 15 39 23 .3 .7 .4

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 9 11 8 .5 .6 .4

Professional and business services........................................ 39 117 39 .2 .7 .2

Education and health services................................................................. 49 49 29 .2 .2 .1

Educational services................................................................ 3 6 2 .1 .2 .1

Health care and social assistance.................................. 46 43 27 .3 .3 .2

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 24 41 18 .2 .3 .1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 3 2 2 .2 .1 .1

Accommodation and food services............................... 21 39 17 .2 .3 .1

Other services................................................................................. 10 20 13 .2 .4 .2

Government......................................................................................... 39 92 44 .2 .4 .2

Federal................................................................................................ 8 37 9 .3 1.3 .3

State and local.................................................................................... 31 55 34 .2 .3 .2

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 62 111 71 .2 .4 .3

South............................................................................................... 109 195 102 .2 .4 .2

Midwest................................................................................................. 57 111 56 .2 .4 .2

West....................................................................................................... 57 106 51 .2 .4 .2

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 8, table 1.

 p Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates