For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, June 1, 2022 USDL-22-1079

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2022

The number of job openings decreased to 11.4 million on the last business day of April, the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and total separations were little changed at 6.6 million and 6.0 

million, respectively. Within separations, quits were little changed at 4.4 million, while layoffs and 

discharges edged down to a series low of 1.2 million. This release includes estimates of the number and 

rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 

establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of April, the number and rate of job openings decreased to 11.4 million

(-455,000) and 7.0 percent, respectively. The largest decreases in job openings were in health care and 

social assistance (-266,000), retail trade (-162,000), and accommodation and food services (-113,000). 

The largest increases were in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+97,000); nondurable goods 

manufacturing (+67,000); and durable goods manufacturing (+53,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In April, the number of hires was little changed at 6.6 million. The hires rate was unchanged at 4.4

percent. Hires increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+21,000). (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm.

In April, the number of total separations was little changed at 6.0 million. The rate was little changed at 

4.0 percent. Total separations increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+37,000). (See table 3.)

In April, the number of quits was little changed at 4.4 million. The rate was unchanged at 2.9 percent. 

Quits increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+37,000) but decreased in state and local 

government education (-19,000). (See table 4.)

In April, the number of layoffs and discharges edged down to a series low of 1.2 million (-170,000).

The rate was little changed at 0.8 percent. Layoffs and discharges decreased in professional and business 

services (-133,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in April at 363,000. Other separations decreased in 

educational services (-6,000) but increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+5,000). (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 78.0 million and separations totaled 71.6 million, 

yielding a net employment gain of 6.4 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 

and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In April, the job openings rate decreased in establishments with 250 to 999 employees but increased in 

establishments with 1,000 to 4,999 employees. The hires rate increased in establishments with 1 to 9 

employees and in establishments with 5,000 or more employees but decreased in establishments with 50 

to 249 employees. The quits rate increased in establishments with 250 to 999 employees and in 

establishments with 1,000 to 4,999 employees but decreased in establishments with 10 to 49 employees. 

The layoffs and discharges rate decreased in establishments with 50 to 249 employees. The total 

separations rate decreased in establishments with 10 to 49 employees and in establishments with 50 to 

249 employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please 

visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for May 2022 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, July 6, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 9,265 11,855 11,400 6,121 6,645 6,586 5,753 6,248 6,033

Total private....................................... 8,309 10,812 10,392 5,764 6,241 6,201 5,436 5,843 5,658

Mining and logging............................. 22 45 44 20 24 26 17 21 18

Construction.................................... 329 426 449 334 399 354 344 380 348

Manufacturing.................................. 865 877 996 394 514 506 428 488 482

Durable goods............................... 484 536 589 211 279 274 241 255 251

Nondurable goods........................... 381 340 407 183 235 232 187 233 231

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,773 2,036 1,958 1,309 1,385 1,399 1,258 1,302 1,282

Wholesale trade............................. 261 295 282 177 173 190 167 151 175

Retail trade................................... 1,016 1,263 1,101 838 906 880 802 871 828

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 496 478 575 294 306 328 290 281 280

Information...................................... 126 226 244 112 106 100 93 79 83

Financial activities.............................. 428 508 534 215 223 271 214 218 249

Finance and insurance..................... 285 375 366 145 150 177 150 156 150

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 143 133 168 70 73 94 64 62 99

Professional and business services......... 1,660 2,330 2,181 1,155 1,320 1,338 1,156 1,267 1,185

Education and health services............... 1,543 2,278 2,004 767 811 845 708 761 758

Educational services........................ 149 211 203 97 108 109 85 96 85

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,394 2,067 1,801 670 703 737 623 665 673

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,201 1,660 1,513 1,225 1,198 1,121 1,001 1,077 1,012

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 159 207 173 169 177 168 115 140 143

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 1,042 1,453 1,340 1,056 1,021 952 887 937 869

Other services.................................. 362 426 470 233 261 241 216 249 240

Government....................................... 956 1,044 1,008 357 404 385 317 405 375

Federal.......................................... 149 128 94 46 40 41 39 41 43

State and local................................. 807 915 914 311 364 344 278 364 331

State and local education.................. 302 327 334 160 196 172 141 201 179

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 504 588 579 152 168 172 137 163 152

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 6.0 7.3 7.0 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.0

Total private....................................... 6.3 7.7 7.4 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.4

Mining and logging............................. 3.9 6.9 6.6 3.7 4.0 4.2 3.1 3.4 2.9

Construction.................................... 4.3 5.3 5.6 4.5 5.2 4.6 4.6 5.0 4.6

Manufacturing.................................. 6.6 6.5 7.3 3.2 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.8

Durable goods............................... 6.0 6.4 6.9 2.8 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods........................... 7.6 6.6 7.8 3.9 4.9 4.8 4.0 4.9 4.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 6.1 6.6 6.4 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.5

Wholesale trade............................. 4.4 4.8 4.6 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.0 2.6 3.0

Retail trade................................... 6.2 7.4 6.5 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 7.0 6.4 7.6 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.0 4.0

Information...................................... 4.3 7.1 7.6 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.3 2.7 2.8

Financial activities.............................. 4.7 5.4 5.6 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.4 2.4 2.8

Finance and insurance..................... 4.2 5.4 5.3 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 6.0 5.4 6.7 3.1 3.1 4.0 2.9 2.7 4.2

Professional and business services......... 7.3 9.5 9.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.7 5.4

Education and health services............... 6.1 8.6 7.6 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.1

Educational services........................ 4.1 5.3 5.1 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 6.5 9.2 8.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................ 8.1 9.7 8.9 9.0 7.7 7.2 7.3 7.0 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 7.8 8.4 7.1 9.0 7.9 7.4 6.1 6.2 6.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 8.1 9.9 9.2 9.0 7.7 7.2 7.5 7.1 6.5

Other services.................................. 6.3 7.0 7.6 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Government....................................... 4.2 4.5 4.3 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.7

Federal.......................................... 4.9 4.3 3.2 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5

State and local................................. 4.1 4.5 4.5 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.7

State and local education.................. 2.9 3.1 3.1 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.4 2.0 1.7

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 5.3 6.1 6.0 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.7

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System. 

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements. 

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work

available for that position. The position can

be full-time or part-time, and it can be

permanent, short-term, or seasonal.

 The job could start within 30 days, whether

or not the employer can find a suitable

candidate during that time.

 The employer is actively recruiting workers

from outside the establishment to fill the

position. Active recruiting means that the

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar 

sources. 

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are 

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly. 

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program. 

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data 

elements. 

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations. 

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust 

again. 

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each 

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 

annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established. 

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 
annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month. 

Reliability of the estimates 

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected. 

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation. 

Other information 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total............................................... 9,265 11,448 11,283 11,344 11,855 11,400 6.0 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.3 7.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 8,309 10,343 10,235 10,256 10,812 10,392 6.3 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.7 7.4

Mining and logging......................... 22 34 37 36 45 44 3.9 5.5 5.8 5.7 6.9 6.6

Construction................................ 329 359 383 383 426 449 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.8 5.3 5.6

Manufacturing.............................. 865 746 859 785 877 996 6.6 5.6 6.4 5.9 6.5 7.3

Durable goods........................... 484 422 500 467 536 589 6.0 5.1 6.0 5.6 6.4 6.9

Nondurable goods....................... 381 324 360 318 340 407 7.6 6.4 7.0 6.2 6.6 7.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,773 1,942 1,832 1,993 2,036 1,958 6.1 6.4 6.1 6.5 6.6 6.4

Wholesale trade......................... 261 295 294 317 295 282 4.4 4.9 4.8 5.2 4.8 4.6

Retail trade............................... 1,016 1,036 1,029 1,139 1,263 1,101 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.7 7.4 6.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 496 611 510 537 478 575 7.0 8.2 6.9 7.2 6.4 7.6

Information.................................. 126 232 217 180 226 244 4.3 7.4 6.9 5.8 7.1 7.6

Financial activities......................... 428 470 502 453 508 534 4.7 5.0 5.4 4.8 5.4 5.6

Finance and insurance................. 285 355 376 319 375 366 4.2 5.1 5.4 4.6 5.4 5.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 143 115 126 134 133 168 6.0 4.8 5.2 5.4 5.4 6.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,660 2,021 2,078 2,038 2,330 2,181 7.3 8.5 8.7 8.5 9.5 9.0

Education and health services........... 1,543 2,187 2,146 2,256 2,278 2,004 6.1 8.4 8.2 8.6 8.6 7.6

Educational services.................... 149 217 178 204 211 203 4.1 5.5 4.6 5.2 5.3 5.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,394 1,970 1,968 2,052 2,067 1,801 6.5 8.9 8.9 9.2 9.2 8.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,201 1,990 1,698 1,720 1,660 1,513 8.1 11.7 10.0 10.0 9.7 8.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 159 205 175 203 207 173 7.8 8.6 7.3 8.3 8.4 7.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,042 1,785 1,523 1,517 1,453 1,340 8.1 12.2 10.4 10.3 9.9 9.2

Other services.............................. 362 362 483 412 426 470 6.3 6.1 7.9 6.8 7.0 7.6

Government................................... 956 1,105 1,048 1,088 1,044 1,008 4.2 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.3

Federal...................................... 149 167 125 162 128 94 4.9 5.5 4.2 5.3 4.3 3.2

State and local............................. 807 938 924 926 915 914 4.1 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5

State and local education.............. 302 361 373 380 327 334 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.1 3.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 504 577 551 545 588 579 5.3 6.0 5.8 5.7 6.1 6.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,649 1,923 1,952 1,911 1,980 1,822 6.0 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.3

South........................................... 3,588 4,330 4,237 4,262 4,650 4,411 6.2 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.6 7.3

Midwest........................................ 2,022 2,530 2,587 2,487 2,533 2,648 6.1 7.3 7.4 7.1 7.2 7.5

West............................................ 2,007 2,664 2,507 2,684 2,693 2,519 5.6 7.1 6.7 7.1 7.1 6.7

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total............................................... 6,121 6,450 6,426 6,832 6,645 6,586 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,764 6,062 6,019 6,414 6,241 6,201 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.8

Mining and logging......................... 20 20 20 24 24 26 3.7 3.5 3.4 4.1 4.0 4.2

Construction................................ 334 361 323 408 399 354 4.5 4.8 4.3 5.4 5.2 4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 394 457 467 500 514 506 3.2 3.6 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.0

Durable goods........................... 211 258 250 272 279 274 2.8 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods....................... 183 199 217 228 235 232 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,309 1,377 1,371 1,513 1,385 1,399 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.3 4.8 4.9

Wholesale trade......................... 177 170 170 172 173 190 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3

Retail trade............................... 838 901 898 1,017 906 880 5.5 5.8 5.7 6.4 5.7 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 294 306 303 324 306 328 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.7

Information.................................. 112 111 116 89 106 100 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.0 3.6 3.4

Financial activities......................... 215 229 236 236 223 271 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.5 3.0

Finance and insurance................. 145 145 161 159 150 177 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 70 84 75 77 73 94 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.1 4.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,155 1,212 1,242 1,307 1,320 1,338 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.0

Education and health services........... 767 846 832 890 811 845 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.5

Educational services.................... 97 102 103 116 108 109 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 670 744 730 774 703 737 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,225 1,192 1,202 1,182 1,198 1,121 9.0 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 169 165 165 163 177 168 9.0 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.9 7.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,056 1,027 1,037 1,019 1,021 952 9.0 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.2

Other services.............................. 233 256 210 266 261 241 4.3 4.6 3.7 4.7 4.6 4.2

Government................................... 357 388 407 418 404 385 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7

Federal...................................... 46 45 41 42 40 41 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4

State and local............................. 311 344 366 376 364 344 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8

State and local education.............. 160 183 200 192 196 172 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 152 161 166 185 168 172 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 975 999 1,007 1,056 962 934 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.5

South........................................... 2,400 2,650 2,611 2,886 2,836 2,792 4.5 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.0 5.0

Midwest........................................ 1,351 1,396 1,318 1,305 1,352 1,277 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.1 3.9

West............................................ 1,395 1,406 1,490 1,585 1,494 1,583 4.1 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total............................................... 5,753 6,042 6,044 6,082 6,248 6,033 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,436 5,648 5,673 5,676 5,843 5,658 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.4

Mining and logging......................... 17 17 18 17 21 18 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.4 2.9

Construction................................ 344 329 325 344 380 348 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.5 5.0 4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 428 434 457 473 488 482 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8

Durable goods........................... 241 244 246 261 255 251 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods....................... 187 190 211 212 233 231 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,258 1,330 1,308 1,311 1,302 1,282 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5

Wholesale trade......................... 167 142 161 156 151 175 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.0

Retail trade............................... 802 916 865 895 871 828 5.2 5.9 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 290 272 282 260 281 280 4.4 4.0 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.0

Information.................................. 93 112 122 83 79 83 3.3 3.8 4.2 2.9 2.7 2.8

Financial activities......................... 214 206 233 201 218 249 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.8

Finance and insurance................. 150 135 163 144 156 150 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 64 70 70 57 62 99 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.4 2.7 4.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,156 1,150 1,133 1,178 1,267 1,185 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.7 5.4

Education and health services........... 708 800 805 785 761 758 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1

Educational services.................... 85 84 89 102 96 85 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 623 716 716 683 665 673 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,001 1,029 1,052 1,054 1,077 1,012 7.3 6.8 6.9 6.8 7.0 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 115 123 143 134 140 143 6.1 5.6 6.5 6.0 6.2 6.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 887 906 909 920 937 869 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.1 6.5

Other services.............................. 216 241 219 229 249 240 4.0 4.3 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.2

Government................................... 317 395 371 407 405 375 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7

Federal...................................... 39 57 44 42 41 43 1.4 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5

State and local............................. 278 338 327 365 364 331 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.7

State and local education.............. 141 174 160 192 201 179 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 137 163 167 173 163 152 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 830 815 881 905 875 873 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.2

South........................................... 2,355 2,507 2,413 2,454 2,698 2,545 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.8 4.5

Midwest........................................ 1,276 1,341 1,254 1,269 1,217 1,299 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.0

West............................................ 1,292 1,380 1,497 1,455 1,457 1,316 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.7

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total............................................... 4,015 4,403 4,258 4,384 4,449 4,424 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,828 4,164 4,032 4,130 4,192 4,184 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2

Mining and logging......................... 10 13 14 14 15 14 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2

Construction................................ 187 185 172 173 248 221 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 3.3 2.9

Manufacturing.............................. 294 322 315 345 362 354 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.8

Durable goods........................... 158 180 165 189 188 177 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 137 141 150 157 174 177 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 938 1,082 991 1,030 980 979 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.4

Wholesale trade......................... 110 113 112 123 102 124 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.1

Retail trade............................... 628 786 697 732 690 669 4.1 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 200 183 181 175 189 186 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7

Information.................................. 60 61 45 51 50 49 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7

Financial activities......................... 148 130 164 143 155 197 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.2

Finance and insurance................. 106 81 113 100 112 116 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 42 49 51 43 44 81 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.9 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 757 760 711 721 763 809 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.7

Education and health services........... 544 597 617 618 586 608 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5

Educational services.................... 54 57 58 57 61 68 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 489 540 559 561 525 541 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 756 856 853 866 874 813 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 71 81 71 70 77 73 3.8 3.7 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 685 776 782 796 797 740 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.6

Other services.............................. 134 159 152 170 159 139 2.5 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.5

Government................................... 187 238 225 254 256 240 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1

Federal...................................... 18 23 24 23 23 23 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local............................. 169 215 202 231 233 217 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1

State and local education.............. 87 108 100 123 135 116 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 82 107 101 108 99 101 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 515 601 580 602 586 587 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

South........................................... 1,718 1,820 1,748 1,784 1,896 1,866 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.3

Midwest........................................ 878 998 898 942 884 957 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.9

West............................................ 905 985 1,032 1,056 1,082 1,014 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total............................................... 1,384 1,262 1,403 1,354 1,416 1,246 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,311 1,183 1,327 1,273 1,333 1,178 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9

Mining and logging......................... 6 4 3 3 4 3 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5

Construction................................ 143 133 144 157 110 115 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.4 1.5

Manufacturing.............................. 106 90 115 104 102 105 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 64 49 62 57 51 59 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 42 41 53 47 51 47 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 246 192 253 229 243 244 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

Wholesale trade......................... 46 20 35 27 31 40 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7

Retail trade............................... 133 102 145 128 142 133 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 68 70 73 74 70 71 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

Information.................................. 24 38 74 19 24 28 0.9 1.3 2.5 0.6 0.8 0.9

Financial activities......................... 40 44 33 42 39 29 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 22 24 20 28 21 16 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 18 19 13 14 18 12 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 329 306 326 365 428 295 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.3

Education and health services........... 136 166 148 135 126 104 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4

Educational services.................... 25 20 22 37 22 10 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 110 147 126 98 104 94 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 209 141 177 164 176 173 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 40 37 70 61 60 66 2.1 1.7 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 169 104 107 102 115 107 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

Other services.............................. 72 69 54 55 82 83 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.5

Government................................... 73 79 75 81 83 68 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

Federal...................................... 9 19 7 7 6 6 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local............................. 64 60 69 74 77 62 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local education.............. 34 33 34 41 41 33 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 30 26 35 33 36 29 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 254 156 230 235 221 231 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

South........................................... 502 550 521 529 638 513 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9

Midwest........................................ 328 271 281 269 256 265 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

West............................................ 300 286 371 321 301 238 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total............................................... 354 377 383 344 384 363 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 297 300 313 272 318 296 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 1 1 2 1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2

Construction................................ 13 12 9 14 22 12 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 28 22 27 23 24 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 20 15 19 15 16 15 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 8 7 8 8 8 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 74 56 65 52 79 60 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 11 9 14 6 18 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2

Retail trade............................... 41 28 22 35 39 26 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 22 19 28 11 22 23 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information.................................. 9 13 4 14 6 6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2

Financial activities......................... 26 32 36 16 24 23 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 22 30 30 16 23 17 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 5 2 6 0 0 5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 71 83 97 91 76 82 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 29 37 40 32 49 46 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 5 8 8 8 13 7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 24 29 31 24 36 38 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 36 31 23 24 27 26 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 4 5 2 2 2 4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 32 26 20 22 25 22 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.............................. 9 13 13 4 9 19 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3

Government................................... 57 77 70 72 66 66 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 14 14 12 12 14 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local............................. 45 63 57 60 54 52 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 21 33 26 28 26 30 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 24 30 31 32 28 23 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 61 59 71 68 69 55 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

South........................................... 135 137 145 141 165 166 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 70 72 75 58 76 77 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 88 109 94 77 74 64 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 9,804 11,737 11,981 6.4 7.3 7.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 8,839 10,680 10,976 6.7 7.7 7.9

Mining and logging............................................... 21 46 44 3.7 7.1 6.7

Construction....................................................... 353 447 494 4.6 5.7 6.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 852 865 982 6.5 6.4 7.2

Durable goods.................................................. 474 538 580 5.9 6.4 6.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 379 327 402 7.6 6.4 7.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,761 1,945 1,935 6.1 6.4 6.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 295 280 314 5.0 4.6 5.1

Retail trade..................................................... 970 1,202 1,036 6.0 7.1 6.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 496 464 585 7.2 6.3 7.8

Information........................................................ 131 218 256 4.5 6.9 8.0

Financial activities................................................ 462 496 583 5.0 5.3 6.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 315 362 396 4.6 5.2 5.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 147 134 186 6.2 5.5 7.4

Professional and business services............................ 1,731 2,330 2,240 7.6 9.6 9.2

Education and health services.................................. 1,722 2,195 2,213 6.8 8.3 8.3

Educational services.......................................... 152 194 207 4.0 4.7 5.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,569 2,001 2,006 7.3 9.0 8.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,452 1,720 1,751 9.8 10.3 10.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 216 236 200 10.7 10.2 8.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,236 1,485 1,551 9.6 10.3 10.6

Other services.................................................... 354 417 479 6.2 6.9 7.8

Government.......................................................... 964 1,058 1,006 4.2 4.5 4.3

Federal............................................................. 165 138 104 5.4 4.6 3.5

State and local.................................................... 800 919 901 4.0 4.5 4.4

State and local education..................................... 295 315 317 2.8 2.9 2.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 504 605 584 5.3 6.4 6.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,695 1,918 1,835 6.2 6.7 6.4

South................................................................. 3,853 4,667 4,706 6.7 7.7 7.7

Midwest............................................................... 2,116 2,522 2,780 6.3 7.2 7.8

West.................................................................. 2,140 2,630 2,660 6.0 7.0 7.0

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 6,389 6,047 6,846 4.4 4.0 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,108 5,761 6,549 5.0 4.5 5.1

Mining and logging............................................... 23 27 30 4.2 4.5 5.0

Construction....................................................... 441 393 455 6.0 5.3 6.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 397 484 506 3.3 3.8 4.0

Durable goods.................................................. 211 269 270 2.8 3.4 3.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 186 216 236 4.0 4.5 4.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,234 1,186 1,315 4.5 4.2 4.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 186 169 204 3.3 2.9 3.5

Retail trade..................................................... 824 811 824 5.5 5.2 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 225 206 287 3.5 3.0 4.2

Information........................................................ 109 92 94 3.9 3.1 3.2

Financial activities................................................ 222 201 293 2.6 2.3 3.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 138 138 178 2.1 2.1 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 84 63 114 3.8 2.7 4.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,215 1,248 1,424 5.8 5.7 6.4

Education and health services.................................. 753 721 835 3.2 3.0 3.4

Educational services.......................................... 70 73 83 1.9 1.9 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 683 647 752 3.4 3.2 3.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,452 1,181 1,323 10.8 7.9 8.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 238 174 240 13.2 8.4 11.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,214 1,008 1,083 10.5 7.8 8.2

Other services.................................................... 262 227 273 4.9 4.1 4.8

Government.......................................................... 280 286 298 1.3 1.3 1.3

Federal............................................................. 43 32 36 1.5 1.1 1.3

State and local.................................................... 237 254 262 1.2 1.3 1.3

State and local education..................................... 85 113 87 0.8 1.1 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 152 140 174 1.7 1.6 2.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,070 871 1,005 4.2 3.3 3.7

South................................................................. 2,474 2,613 2,860 4.6 4.7 5.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,389 1,246 1,312 4.4 3.8 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,455 1,317 1,670 4.3 3.8 4.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 5,740 5,562 6,025 4.0 3.7 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,504 5,272 5,753 4.5 4.1 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 17 19 18 3.1 3.2 3.0

Construction....................................................... 321 344 330 4.4 4.6 4.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 445 492 494 3.7 3.9 3.9

Durable goods.................................................. 258 261 261 3.4 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 187 231 233 4.1 4.8 4.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,247 1,156 1,269 4.6 4.1 4.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 176 149 188 3.1 2.6 3.2

Retail trade..................................................... 796 734 802 5.3 4.7 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 275 273 278 4.3 4.0 4.0

Information........................................................ 97 68 87 3.5 2.3 3.0

Financial activities................................................ 219 197 262 2.5 2.2 2.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 153 146 162 2.4 2.2 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 65 51 100 3.0 2.2 4.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,219 1,167 1,283 5.8 5.3 5.8

Education and health services.................................. 707 676 755 3.0 2.8 3.1

Educational services.......................................... 64 60 70 1.7 1.5 1.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 643 616 685 3.2 3.0 3.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,021 931 1,021 7.6 6.2 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 93 88 121 5.2 4.3 5.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 928 843 899 8.0 6.6 6.8

Other services.................................................... 211 224 234 3.9 4.0 4.1

Government.......................................................... 236 290 272 1.1 1.3 1.2

Federal............................................................. 35 37 40 1.2 1.3 1.4

State and local.................................................... 200 253 232 1.0 1.3 1.2

State and local education..................................... 80 111 96 0.8 1.0 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 121 142 136 1.3 1.6 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 783 689 830 3.0 2.6 3.1

South................................................................. 2,389 2,573 2,603 4.4 4.6 4.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,210 1,030 1,239 3.9 3.2 3.8

West.................................................................. 1,359 1,270 1,354 4.0 3.6 3.8

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 4,076 4,052 4,530 2.8 2.7 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,929 3,857 4,344 3.2 3.0 3.4

Mining and logging............................................... 11 14 14 1.9 2.3 2.3

Construction....................................................... 178 240 221 2.4 3.2 2.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 309 363 364 2.5 2.9 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 175 193 187 2.3 2.5 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 134 170 177 2.9 3.6 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 955 903 998 3.5 3.2 3.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 118 102 135 2.1 1.8 2.3

Retail trade..................................................... 626 600 651 4.1 3.8 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 210 202 213 3.3 2.9 3.1

Information........................................................ 62 47 52 2.2 1.6 1.8

Financial activities................................................ 153 142 216 1.8 1.6 2.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 110 105 134 1.7 1.6 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 43 37 81 2.0 1.6 3.5

Professional and business services............................ 804 679 914 3.8 3.1 4.1

Education and health services.................................. 542 532 607 2.3 2.2 2.5

Educational services.......................................... 41 41 56 1.1 1.0 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 501 491 551 2.5 2.4 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 783 783 823 5.8 5.2 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 57 60 57 3.1 2.9 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 726 722 766 6.3 5.6 5.8

Other services.................................................... 133 154 135 2.5 2.7 2.4

Government.......................................................... 148 196 185 0.7 0.9 0.8

Federal............................................................. 18 22 23 0.6 0.8 0.8

State and local.................................................... 129 173 162 0.7 0.9 0.8

State and local education..................................... 48 80 61 0.5 0.7 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 81 94 101 0.9 1.1 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 518 490 594 2.0 1.8 2.2

South................................................................. 1,768 1,846 1,953 3.3 3.3 3.5

Midwest............................................................... 858 770 950 2.7 2.4 2.9

West.................................................................. 933 946 1,033 2.8 2.7 2.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 1,323 1,154 1,154 0.9 0.8 0.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,279 1,108 1,114 1.0 0.9 0.9

Mining and logging............................................... 6 4 3 1.0 0.6 0.5

Construction....................................................... 129 80 95 1.8 1.1 1.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 107 103 107 0.9 0.8 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 62 52 58 0.8 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 45 51 49 1.0 1.1 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 213 179 209 0.8 0.6 0.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 47 29 43 0.8 0.5 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 124 101 124 0.8 0.6 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 43 50 42 0.7 0.7 0.6

Information........................................................ 26 17 28 0.9 0.6 1.0

Financial activities................................................ 42 32 24 0.5 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 25 19 15 0.4 0.3 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 17 13 9 0.8 0.6 0.4

Professional and business services............................ 351 408 295 1.7 1.9 1.3

Education and health services.................................. 136 102 100 0.6 0.4 0.4

Educational services.......................................... 19 11 8 0.5 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 117 90 92 0.6 0.4 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 202 124 172 1.5 0.8 1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 34 26 61 1.9 1.3 2.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 168 98 111 1.5 0.8 0.8

Other services.................................................... 68 59 81 1.3 1.1 1.4

Government.......................................................... 44 46 40 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 7 5 5 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local.................................................... 37 40 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 20 19 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 17 22 15 0.2 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 201 136 182 0.8 0.5 0.7

South................................................................. 502 578 498 0.9 1.0 0.9

Midwest............................................................... 288 190 218 0.9 0.6 0.7

West.................................................................. 331 250 255 1.0 0.7 0.7

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 340 356 342 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 296 307 295 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 2 1 0.2 0.3 0.1

Construction....................................................... 15 24 13 0.2 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 30 25 23 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 21 15 16 0.3 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 9 7 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 79 74 62 0.3 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 11 19 11 0.2 0.3 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 46 34 28 0.3 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 22 22 23 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 10 4 7 0.4 0.1 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 24 23 22 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 19 22 13 0.3 0.3 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 5 0 9 0.2 0.0 0.4

Professional and business services............................ 63 79 74 0.3 0.4 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 29 42 47 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 4 8 6 0.1 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 25 34 41 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 36 25 26 0.3 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 2 3 0.2 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 33 23 23 0.3 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 10 10 19 0.2 0.2 0.3

Government.......................................................... 44 48 47 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 10 9 12 0.4 0.3 0.4

State and local.................................................... 34 39 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 12 13 16 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 22 26 20 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 64 63 54 0.2 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 119 148 152 0.2 0.3 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 64 71 71 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 94 74 65 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.