For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, March 22, 2017 USDL-17-0354

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS — 2016 

The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time 

since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—edged down to 5.1 percent in 

2016, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate for all veterans also edged 

down over the year to 4.3 percent. About 36 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a service-connected 

disability in August 2016, compared with 22 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of 

about 60,000 households that provides data on employment and unemployment in the United States. 

Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2016 

annual averages presented in this news release. In August 2016, a supplement to the CPS collected 

additional information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' 

current or past Reserve or National Guard membership. Information from the supplement is also 

presented in this release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 

and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. For more 

information, see the Technical Note, which provides definitions of terms used in this release.

Highlights from the 2016 data: 

• The unemployment rate for male veterans overall was not statistically different from the rate for

female veterans in 2016. The unemployment rate for male veterans (4.2 percent) edged down

over the year, and the rate for female veterans (5.0 percent) changed little. (See table A.)

• Among the 453,000 unemployed veterans in 2016, 60 percent were age 45 and over, 36 percent

were age 25 to 44, and 4 percent were age 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

• Veterans with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 4.8 percent in August

2016, about the same as veterans with no disability (4.7 percent). (See table 7.)

• Nearly 1 in 3 employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public sector

in August 2016, compared with about 1 in 5 veterans with no disability. (See table 8.)

• In 2016, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from 1.8 percent

in Indiana to 7.6 percent in the District of Columbia. (See table 6A.)
- 2 - 

The Veteran Population

In 2016, 20.9 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 9 percent of the civilian 

noninstitutional population age 18 and over. About 10 percent of all veterans were women. In the 

survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active duty in the U.S. 

Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. Veterans are more likely to 

be men than nonveterans and also tend to be older. In part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans 

who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now over 55 

years old. Veterans who served during these wartime periods accounted for 41 percent (8.5 million) of 

the total veteran population in 2016. Just over one-third of veterans (7.3 million) served during Gulf War 

era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 forward). Another quarter (5.2 

million) served outside the designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

Gulf War-era II Veterans

In 2016, there were 3.9 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II (September 2001 

forward). Eighteen percent of these veterans were women, compared with about 4 percent of veterans 

from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Seventy-one percent of all Gulf War-era II 

veterans were between the ages of 25 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men was not statistically different from the 

rate for women in 2016. The unemployment rates for both men (5.0 percent) and women (5.6 percent) 

were little changed from the prior year. (See table A.)

The unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans (5.0 percent) was little different than the rate 

for male nonveterans (4.8 percent) in 2016. Among men age 25 to 34, Gulf War-era II veterans had a 

higher unemployment rate (6.6 percent) than did nonveterans (4.9 percent). For the other age groups, 

unemployment rates of male Gulf War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different. 

(See table 2B.)

Among women, the unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans (5.6 percent) was not statistically 

different from the rate for nonveterans (4.6 percent) in 2016. By age, unemployment rates for female 

Gulf War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public sector in 2016 as 

employed nonveterans—28 percent and 13 percent, respectively. Among the employed, 16 percent of 

Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent of nonveterans. 

(See table 5.)

In August 2016, 48 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both 

locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 4.8 percent, not statistically different from Gulf 

War-era II veterans who served elsewhere (6.0 percent). (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

Of the 3.4 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001), 15 percent 

were women. Nearly all (98 percent) Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2016, compared 

with half of Gulf War-era II veterans. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
- 3 - 

In 2016, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era I veterans was 3.5 percent, lower than the rate 

for their Gulf War-era II veteran counterparts (5.0 percent). The difference in the unemployment rates 

reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans who served during Gulf War era I. Younger 

people—whether veterans or nonveterans—tend to have higher unemployment rates. Among women, 

the rates for Gulf War-era I veterans (4.2 percent) and Gulf War-era II veterans (5.6 percent) were not 

statistically different. (See tables 2B and 2C.)

Veterans of Other Service Periods 

In 2016, 5.2 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly between 

the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I. All veterans from 

this period of service were 40 years or older at the time of the survey. Twenty-six percent of these 

veterans were age 45 to 54 in 2016, another 34 percent were age 55 to 64, and another 39 percent were 

age 65 and over. (See table 2A.) 

In 2016, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. Among veterans of other service periods, 

the unemployment rate for men was 4.1 percent, little different than the rate for women (4.9 percent). 

(See table 1.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2016, about 4.6 million veterans, or 22 percent of the total, had a service-connected disability. 

Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the U.S. Department of 

Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments 

of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 7.) 

The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability was 4.8 percent in August 2016, 

about the same as veterans with no disability (4.7 percent). The labor force participation rate for veterans 

with a service-connected disability (46.4 percent) was lower than the rate for veterans with no disability 

(50.7 percent).

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 30 percent had a disability rating of less than 30 

percent, while another 37 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2016, veterans with a 

service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force 

than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (54.7 percent and 29.9 percent, respectively). The 

unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 4.4 percent, not 

statistically different than for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher (3.8 percent). 

Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 36 percent (1.4 million) had a service-connected 

disability. Of these, 76.0 percent were in the labor force in August 2016, lower than the 86.6 percent for 

veterans from this period with no service-connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the 

unemployment rate for those with a service-connected disability was 5.4 percent, little different from 

those with no disability (5.7 percent).

In August 2016, about a quarter (901,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I had a serviceconnected disability. Their labor force participation rate (64.0 percent) was lower than the rate for 

veterans from the era who did not have a disability (86.7 percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf 

War-era I veterans with a service-connected disability (5.3 percent) was not statistically different than 

that for Gulf War-era I veterans without a service-connected disability (4.2 percent). 
- 4 - 

Among the 1.6 million veterans with a service-connected disability from World War II, the Korean War, 

and the Vietnam era, 14.1 percent were in the labor force in August 2016, lower than the 25.3 percent of 

veterans from these periods who did not have a service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of 

veterans with a disability from these wartime periods was 3.7 percent, about the same as their 

counterparts with no disability (3.8 percent).

About 669,000 or 13 percent of veterans who served during other service periods reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2016. The labor force participation rate for these veterans (37.8 percent) 

was lower than their counterparts without a service-connected disability (50.3 percent), while the 

unemployment rate was not statistically different for veterans with a service-connected disability (2.0 

percent) and those with no disability (4.8 percent). 

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public 

sector. In August 2016, 31 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked in federal, state, or 

local government, compared with 19 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 percent of 

nonveterans. In particular, 20 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked for the federal 

government, compared with 7 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See 

table 8.) 

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2016, about one-third of Gulf War-era veterans (August 1990 to present) were current or past 

members of the Reserve or National Guard. Labor force participation rates were higher for veterans who 

were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (83.6 percent), compared with veterans 

who were never members (80.6 percent). Among Gulf War-era veterans, those who were current or past 

members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate (4.0 percent) that was not 

statistically different than those who had never been members (5.6 percent). (See table 9.)
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,

period of service, and sex, 2015-2016 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service

2015 2016

Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 21,209 19,212 1,997 20,895 18,881 2,014

Civilian labor force.................................................. 10,757 9,517 1,241 10,581 9,334 1,247

Participation rate.................................................. 50.7 49.5 62.1 50.6 49.4 61.9

Employed.......................................................... 10,263 9,089 1,174 10,129 8,944 1,184

Employment-population ratio................................. 48.4 47.3 58.8 48.5 47.4 58.8

Unemployed....................................................... 495 428 67 453 390 63

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.6 4.5 5.4 4.3 4.2 5.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 10,452 9,695 757 10,314 9,547 767

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 3,594 2,959 635 3,896 3,207 689

Civilian labor force.................................................. 2,913 2,462 451 3,174 2,666 508

Participation rate.................................................. 81.0 83.2 71.0 81.5 83.1 73.7

Employed.......................................................... 2,745 2,322 422 3,013 2,533 480

Employment-population ratio................................. 76.4 78.5 66.4 77.3 79.0 69.6

Unemployed....................................................... 168 140 29 161 133 28

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.8 5.7 6.4 5.1 5.0 5.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 681 497 184 722 541 181

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 220,740 97,380 123,360 223,649 99,107 124,541

Civilian labor force.................................................. 144,385 73,107 71,278 146,479 74,393 72,086

Participation rate.................................................. 65.4 75.1 57.8 65.5 75.1 57.9

Employed.......................................................... 136,947 69,243 67,704 139,560 70,799 68,761

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.0 71.1 54.9 62.4 71.4 55.2

Unemployed....................................................... 7,439 3,864 3,574 6,919 3,594 3,325

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.2 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 76,355 24,273 52,082 77,170 24,714 52,455

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces.
Technical Note

The data in this release were collected through the 

Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a monthly 

survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the 

U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics—

obtains information on employment and unemployment 

among the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 

16 and over.

Most of the data in this release are annual averages for 

2016, compiled from the results of the monthly survey. In 

August 2016, a supplement to the CPS collected additional 

information about veterans on topics such as serviceconnected disability, veterans' Reserve or National Guard 

status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan. 

The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department 

of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's 

Veterans' Employment and Training Service. Questions were 

asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their 

prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated 

for persons 18 years of age and older.

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions

The definitions underlying the data in this release are 

as follows:

Veterans are men and women who previously served 

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were 

civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the 

Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they 

had ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on 

active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of 

the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as are 

persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and 

prisons.

Nonveterans are men and women who never served on 

active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf 

War-era veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. 

Armed Forces during these periods of service, regardless of 

where in the world they served. Veterans who served in more 

than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans of other service periods are men and women 

who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time other than 

World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf

War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in 

several armed conflicts during other service periods, these 

conflicts were more limited in scope and included a smaller 

proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime 

periods. Veterans who served during one of the selected 

wartime periods and during another period are classified in 

the wartime period.

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the 

question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. 

Armed Forces?"

Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the 

Armed Forces, but not the location of their service. It is 

obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans, 

"When did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed 

Forces?" The following service periods are identified:

Gulf War era II — September 2001-present

Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001

Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975

Korean War — July 1950-January 1955

World War II — December 1941-December 1946

Other service periods — All other time periods

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world 

during these periods of service. Veterans are counted only in

one period of service, their most recent wartime period.

Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are 

classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in 

both a wartime period and any other service period are 

classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service

definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in 

law, regulations, and program needs of the survey sponsors.

Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are 

individuals who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, 

in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in both 

locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by 

answers to two questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the 

coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time 

since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or 

did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since 

October 2001?" 

Presence of service-connected disability is determined 

by answers to the question, "Has the Department of Veterans 

Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) determined 

that you have a service-connected disability, that is, a health 

condition or impairment caused or made worse by any of 

your military service?"

Service-connected disability rating is based on answers 

to the question, "What is your current service-connected 

disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 100 percent, 

in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are 

determined by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule 

published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38, 

"Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—

"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is 

"primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting 

from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result 

of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings 

represent as far as can practicably be determined the average 

impairment in earning capacity resulting from such diseases 
and injuries and their residual conditions in civil 

occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible 

disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 percent, with 

instructions for rating multiple disorders.

Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to 

Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past members of 

the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve and 

National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been 

called to active duty. These data do not refer to all persons 

who may have ever served in the Reserve or National Guard.

Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers 

to two questions. Gulf War-era veterans were asked: "Was 

any of your active service the result of a call-up from the 

Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they were 

asked, "Have you ever been a member of the Reserve or 

National Guard?" A 'yes' response to either question 

classified persons as "Current or past member of the Reserve 

or National Guard." A 'no' response to the latter question 

classified persons as "Never a member of the Reserve or 

National Guard." 

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates will differ from the true population values they

represent. The component of this difference that occurs 

because samples differ by chance is known as sampling 

error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by

no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population 

value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, the inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the 

inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data.

Information about the reliability of national data from 

the CPS and estimating standard errors is available at

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. 

For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates 

from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and 6B of this 

release, see www.bls.gov/opub/gp/gpapndb.htm. 

Comparability of the estimates

Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from 

the veterans supplement shown in tables 7 through 10 of this 

release reflect a change in the weighting methodology. As a 

result of this change, for August 2015 and later years, the 

estimates of the number of veterans with a service-connected 

disability, veteran Reserve or National Guard members, and 

veterans who served in Iraq or Afghanistan were higher than 

in previous years. The supplement data presented in this 

release are not strictly comparable with data for years before 

2015 due to the change. See the note in the Employment 

Situation of Veterans 2015 news release for more 

information about the change in weighting methodology 

(www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/vet_03222016.pdf).
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2016 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over................................. 244,544 157,060 64.2 149,689 61.2 7,371 4.7 87,484

Veterans................................................. 20,895 10,581 50.6 10,129 48.5 453 4.3 10,314

Gulf War era, total.................................. 7,250 5,869 81.0 5,610 77.4 259 4.4 1,381

Gulf War era II.................................... 3,896 3,174 81.5 3,013 77.3 161 5.1 722

Gulf War era I..................................... 3,354 2,695 80.4 2,597 77.4 98 3.6 659

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 8,490 2,108 24.8 2,025 23.8 83 3.9 6,382

Other service periods............................... 5,156 2,604 50.5 2,494 48.4 110 4.2 2,551

Nonveterans............................................ 223,649 146,479 65.5 139,560 62.4 6,919 4.7 77,170

Men

Total, 18 years and over................................. 117,989 83,727 71.0 79,743 67.6 3,984 4.8 34,262

Veterans................................................. 18,881 9,334 49.4 8,944 47.4 390 4.2 9,547

Gulf War era, total.................................. 6,052 4,981 82.3 4,766 78.8 215 4.3 1,070

Gulf War era II.................................... 3,207 2,666 83.1 2,533 79.0 133 5.0 541

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,845 2,315 81.4 2,233 78.5 82 3.5 530

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 8,186 2,033 24.8 1,955 23.9 78 3.9 6,153

Other service periods............................... 4,644 2,320 50.0 2,224 47.9 96 4.1 2,324

Nonveterans............................................ 99,107 74,393 75.1 70,799 71.4 3,594 4.8 24,714

Women

Total, 18 years and over................................. 126,555 73,333 57.9 69,946 55.3 3,388 4.6 53,222

Veterans................................................. 2,014 1,247 61.9 1,184 58.8 63 5.0 767

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,198 888 74.1 844 70.4 44 5.0 310

Gulf War era II.................................... 689 508 73.7 480 69.6 28 5.6 181

Gulf War era I..................................... 509 379 74.6 364 71.5 16 4.2 129

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 304 75 24.6 70 23.1 5 6.4 229

Other service periods............................... 512 285 55.6 271 52.9 14 4.9 227

Nonveterans............................................ 124,541 72,086 57.9 68,761 55.2 3,325 4.6 52,455

White

Total, 18 years and over................................. 191,576 122,966 64.2 117,894 61.5 5,072 4.1 68,610

Veterans................................................. 17,417 8,543 49.1 8,195 47.1 348 4.1 8,874

Gulf War era, total.................................. 5,547 4,520 81.5 4,320 77.9 200 4.4 1,027

Gulf War era II.................................... 3,009 2,453 81.5 2,325 77.3 128 5.2 556

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,538 2,067 81.4 1,994 78.6 72 3.5 472

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 7,512 1,872 24.9 1,804 24.0 68 3.6 5,640

Other service periods............................... 4,358 2,151 49.4 2,071 47.5 80 3.7 2,207

Nonveterans............................................ 174,160 114,423 65.7 109,700 63.0 4,724 4.1 59,736

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over................................. 30,594 19,469 63.6 17,885 58.5 1,584 8.1 11,125

Veterans................................................. 2,552 1,488 58.3 1,406 55.1 82 5.5 1,063

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,237 975 78.8 928 75.0 46 4.8 262

Gulf War era II.................................... 619 493 79.6 468 75.6 25 5.1 126

Gulf War era I..................................... 618 482 78.0 461 74.5 21 4.5 136

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 696 160 23.1 151 21.7 10 6.0 536

Other service periods............................... 619 353 57.1 327 52.9 26 7.4 265

Nonveterans............................................ 28,042 17,980 64.1 16,478 58.8 1,502 8.4 10,062

Asian

Total, 18 years and over................................. 14,586 9,423 64.6 9,087 62.3 336 3.6 5,163

Veterans................................................. 309 197 63.6 193 62.3 4 2.1 113

Gulf War era, total.................................. 166 137 82.6 134 80.7 3 2.3 29

Gulf War era II.................................... 96 83 86.5 81 84.9 2 1.8 13

Gulf War era I..................................... 70 54 77.3 53 75.0 2 3.0 16
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2016 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 92 29 32.1 29 31.2 1 – 62

Other service periods............................... 52 30 58.7 30 58.5 0 – 21

Nonveterans............................................ 14,277 9,226 64.6 8,894 62.3 332 3.6 5,051

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over................................. 38,536 26,313 68.3 24,844 64.5 1,470 5.6 12,222

Veterans................................................. 1,484 940 63.3 894 60.2 46 4.9 545

Gulf War era, total.................................. 794 646 81.3 620 78.0 27 4.1 148

Gulf War era II.................................... 532 430 80.9 411 77.3 19 4.5 102

Gulf War era I..................................... 262 216 82.2 209 79.5 7 3.4 47

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 359 98 27.3 92 25.5 6 6.6 261

Other service periods............................... 331 195 59.1 183 55.2 13 6.6 135

Nonveterans............................................ 37,051 25,374 68.5 23,950 64.6 1,424 5.6 11,678

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race

groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is

identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where

base is less than 35,000).
Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2016

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent oflabor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,895 10,581 50.6 10,129 48.5 453 4.3 10,314

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 182 76.5 165 69.5 17 9.2 56

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,742 1,431 82.1 1,340 76.9 90 6.3 311

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,284 1,984 86.9 1,910 83.6 74 3.7 299

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,269 2,757 84.3 2,662 81.4 95 3.4 512

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,806 2,359 62.0 2,257 59.3 102 4.3 1,446

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,557 1,868 19.5 1,794 18.8 74 4.0 7,689

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,250 5,869 81.0 5,610 77.4 259 4.4 1,381

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 182 76.5 165 69.5 17 9.2 56

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,742 1,431 82.1 1,340 76.9 90 6.3 311

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,271 1,973 86.9 1,900 83.7 73 3.7 298

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,924 1,643 85.4 1,588 82.6 55 3.4 280

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812 571 70.3 550 67.7 21 3.6 242

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 69 26.3 66 25.2 3 3.9 194

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,896 3,174 81.5 3,013 77.3 161 5.1 722

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 182 76.5 165 69.5 17 9.2 56

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,692 1,390 82.2 1,301 76.9 89 6.4 302

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,070 902 84.3 869 81.2 33 3.7 169

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 515 84.7 499 82.0 16 3.2 93

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 168 73.1 162 70.6 6 3.5 62

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 18 30.7 18 30.6 0 – 41

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,354 2,695 80.4 2,597 77.4 98 3.6 659

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 41 81.1 40 78.8 1 2.8 10

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,201 1,072 89.2 1,031 85.9 40 3.8 129

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,315 1,128 85.8 1,089 82.8 39 3.4 187

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 403 69.2 388 66.6 15 3.7 180

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 51 25.0 48 23.7 3 5.3 153

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,490 2,108 24.8 2,025 23.8 83 3.9 6,382

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,227 609 49.7 584 47.6 25 4.2 618

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,263 1,499 20.6 1,441 19.8 58 3.9 5,764

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,156 2,604 50.5 2,494 48.4 110 4.2 2,551

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 11 – 10 – 1 – 2

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,346 1,114 82.8 1,074 79.8 40 3.6 232

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,767 1,180 66.8 1,124 63.6 56 4.7 587

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,031 300 14.8 286 14.1 14 4.5 1,731

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223,649 146,479 65.5 139,560 62.4 6,919 4.7 77,170

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,204 18,894 64.7 17,080 58.5 1,814 9.6 10,310

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,805 34,089 81.5 32,382 77.5 1,707 5.0 7,716

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,533 30,835 82.2 29,652 79.0 1,183 3.8 6,697

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,127 31,151 79.6 30,057 76.8 1,093 3.5 7,977

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,505 24,109 64.3 23,267 62.0 842 3.5 13,396

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,475 7,401 19.2 7,123 18.5 278 3.8 31,074

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2016

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent oflabor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,881 9,334 49.4 8,944 47.4 390 4.2 9,547

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 151 79.3 138 72.3 13 8.8 40

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424 1,204 84.6 1,126 79.1 78 6.5 219

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,880 1,667 88.6 1,608 85.5 59 3.6 214

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,803 2,395 85.4 2,318 82.7 77 3.2 409

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,360 2,096 62.4 2,006 59.7 90 4.3 1,264

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,224 1,821 19.7 1,749 19.0 72 4.0 7,402

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,052 4,981 82.3 4,766 78.8 215 4.3 1,070

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 151 79.3 138 72.3 13 8.8 40

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424 1,204 84.6 1,126 79.1 78 6.5 219

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,870 1,658 88.6 1,599 85.5 59 3.5 212

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,635 1,411 86.3 1,368 83.6 43 3.1 224

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 494 70.8 475 68.1 19 3.9 204

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 63 27.0 61 25.8 3 4.3 172

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,207 2,666 83.1 2,533 79.0 133 5.0 541

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 151 79.3 138 72.3 13 8.8 40

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,386 1,174 84.7 1,096 79.1 78 6.6 212

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 742 85.7 716 82.7 26 3.5 123

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 438 84.7 427 82.6 11 2.5 79

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 146 73.9 141 71.5 5 3.2 51

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 15 30.3 15 30.2 0 – 35

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,845 2,315 81.4 2,233 78.5 82 3.5 530

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 30 80.8 30 79.8 0 – 7

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,005 916 91.1 884 87.9 32 3.5 89

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,118 973 87.0 940 84.1 32 3.3 145

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 348 69.6 334 66.7 14 4.1 152

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 48 26.1 45 24.6 3 5.6 136

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,186 2,033 24.8 1,955 23.9 78 3.9 6,153

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,136 567 49.9 544 47.9 23 4.0 569

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,050 1,466 20.8 1,410 20.0 56 3.8 5,584

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,644 2,320 50.0 2,224 47.9 96 4.1 2,324

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 9 – 8 – 1 – 1

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,168 984 84.2 950 81.3 33 3.4 185

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,526 1,035 67.8 987 64.7 48 4.7 491

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,939 292 15.0 278 14.4 13 4.6 1,647

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,107 74,393 75.1 70,799 71.4 3,594 4.8 24,714

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,673 9,770 66.6 8,733 59.5 1,037 10.6 4,902

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,147 17,947 89.1 17,059 84.7 888 4.9 2,200

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,633 16,019 90.8 15,435 87.5 584 3.6 1,614

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,923 15,494 86.4 14,969 83.5 525 3.4 2,429

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,510 11,845 71.7 11,404 69.1 441 3.7 4,665

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,222 3,318 27.1 3,199 26.2 119 3.6 8,904

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2016

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent oflabor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,014 1,247 61.9 1,184 58.8 63 5.0 767

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 30 65.3 27 58.2 3 – 16

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 227 71.2 214 67.3 12 5.4 92

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 318 78.7 303 75.0 15 4.7 86

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466 363 77.9 344 73.9 18 5.0 103

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 263 59.0 251 56.3 12 4.5 183

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 47 14.0 44 13.3 2 4.9 287

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,198 888 74.1 844 70.4 44 5.0 310

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 30 65.3 27 58.2 3 – 16

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 227 71.2 214 67.3 12 5.4 92

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 316 78.7 301 75.0 15 4.7 85

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 232 80.5 220 76.4 12 5.2 56

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 77 67.0 75 65.5 2 2.2 38

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6 – 6 – 0 – 23

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 508 73.7 480 69.6 28 5.6 181

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 30 65.3 27 58.2 3 – 16

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 216 70.7 205 67.0 11 5.3 90

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 160 78.0 153 74.6 7 4.3 45

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 77 84.3 72 78.4 5 7.1 14

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 22 – 21 – 1 – 10

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 – 3 – 0 – 6

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 379 74.6 364 71.5 16 4.2 129

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 10 – 10 – 1 – 2

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 156 79.4 148 75.4 8 5.1 40

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 155 78.7 149 75.4 7 4.2 42

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 55 66.5 54 65.8 1 1.1 28

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3 – 3 – 0 – 17

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 75 24.6 70 23.1 5 6.4 229

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 42 46.3 39 43.3 3 6.5 49

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 33 15.4 31 14.4 2 – 180

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 285 55.6 271 52.9 14 4.9 227

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 – 2 – 0 – 0

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 130 73.6 124 70.0 6 4.8 47

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 144 60.0 137 56.9 8 5.2 96

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 8 8.8 8 8.6 0 – 84

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,541 72,086 57.9 68,761 55.2 3,325 4.6 52,455

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,531 9,124 62.8 8,346 57.4 777 8.5 5,407

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,658 16,142 74.5 15,323 70.7 819 5.1 5,516

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,900 14,816 74.5 14,217 71.4 599 4.0 5,083

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,205 15,657 73.8 15,088 71.2 569 3.6 5,548

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,995 12,264 58.4 11,863 56.5 401 3.3 8,731

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,253 4,083 15.6 3,924 14.9 159 3.9 22,170

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational

attainment, 2016 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status,

period of service, and educational attainment

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 20,658 10,400 50.3 9,964 48.2 436 4.2 10,258

Less than a high school diploma.................... 983 217 22.1 204 20.8 13 6.0 766

High school graduates, no college.................. 6,025 2,692 44.7 2,568 42.6 123 4.6 3,333

Some college or associate degree.................. 7,268 3,912 53.8 3,732 51.4 180 4.6 3,355

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 6,382 3,579 56.1 3,459 54.2 120 3.3 2,803

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over................................. 7,013 5,688 81.1 5,445 77.6 243 4.3 1,325

Less than a high school diploma.................... 87 58 66.9 54 61.9 4 7.5 29

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,585 1,272 80.2 1,206 76.1 66 5.2 313

Some college or associate degree.................. 2,911 2,304 79.1 2,193 75.3 111 4.8 607

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 2,430 2,054 84.5 1,992 82.0 62 3.0 376

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over................................. 3,659 2,993 81.8 2,848 77.8 145 4.8 666

Less than a high school diploma.................... 41 25 62.6 25 61.3 1 – 15

High school graduates, no college.................. 782 625 80.0 583 74.6 42 6.8 156

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,563 1,217 77.9 1,149 73.5 69 5.6 346

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,274 1,125 88.3 1,092 85.7 33 2.9 149

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over................................. 3,354 2,695 80.4 2,597 77.4 98 3.6 659

Less than a high school diploma.................... 46 33 70.7 29 62.4 4 – 14

High school graduates, no college.................. 803 646 80.5 623 77.6 23 3.6 157

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,348 1,087 80.6 1,045 77.5 42 3.9 262

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,156 929 80.4 901 77.9 29 3.1 227

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over................................. 8,490 2,108 24.8 2,025 23.8 83 3.9 6,382

Less than a high school diploma.................... 605 79 13.0 76 12.5 3 4.0 526

High school graduates, no college.................. 2,664 559 21.0 536 20.1 22 4.0 2,105

Some college or associate degree.................. 2,664 702 26.3 673 25.3 29 4.2 1,962

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 2,557 769 30.1 740 28.9 29 3.7 1,788

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over................................. 5,156 2,604 50.5 2,494 48.4 110 4.2 2,551

Less than a high school diploma.................... 291 80 27.5 74 25.6 5 6.8 211

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,776 862 48.5 826 46.5 35 4.1 915

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,692 906 53.6 867 51.2 40 4.4 786

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,396 756 54.2 727 52.1 29 3.9 639

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 194,445 127,585 65.6 122,480 63.0 5,104 4.0 66,860

Less than a high school diploma.................... 22,197 10,331 46.5 9,559 43.1 772 7.5 11,867

High school graduates, no college.................. 55,882 32,886 58.8 31,168 55.8 1,717 5.2 22,996

Some college or associate degree.................. 50,248 34,265 68.2 32,881 65.4 1,384 4.0 15,983

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 66,118 50,104 75.8 48,872 73.9 1,231 2.5 16,014

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2016

annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 10,129 5,610 3,013 2,597 2,025 2,494 139,560

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 39.7 39.7 39.3 40.1 40.9 38.8 39.6

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 19.7 18.2 17.9 18.5 23.2 20.3 16.4

Professional and related occupations...................................... 20.0 21.5 21.4 21.6 17.7 18.5 23.2

Service occupations............................................................ 14.0 15.7 17.8 13.4 11.2 12.4 17.6

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 16.4 16.6 16.2 17.1 17.6 15.1 22.4

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 8.8 8.4 8.3 8.6 11.7 7.4 10.4

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 7.6 8.2 7.9 8.5 5.9 7.7 12.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 13.3 13.6 12.9 14.4 12.0 13.6 8.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.7

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 5.9 5.6 5.3 5.9 5.9 6.5 5.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 7.0 7.7 7.2 8.2 5.3 6.8 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 16.6 14.4 13.9 15.0 18.3 20.1 11.4

Production occupations...................................................... 6.4 6.0 5.7 6.4 5.6 7.9 5.6

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 10.2 8.4 8.1 8.6 12.7 12.2 5.9

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 8,944 4,766 2,533 2,233 1,955 2,224 70,799

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 38.3 37.8 37.4 38.3 40.3 37.4 35.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 19.8 18.4 18.0 18.9 23.2 19.7 17.3

Professional and related occupations...................................... 18.5 19.4 19.5 19.4 17.2 17.7 18.5

Service occupations............................................................ 13.8 15.7 17.6 13.4 11.2 12.3 14.2

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 14.9 14.7 14.3 15.2 17.3 13.3 16.2

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 8.9 8.4 8.0 8.8 11.8 7.3 10.1

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.4 5.5 6.0 6.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 14.8 15.7 15.1 16.4 12.4 15.2 16.7

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.4 1.1

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.7 6.1 7.2 9.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 7.8 8.9 8.4 9.4 5.5 7.6 5.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 18.1 16.1 15.6 16.6 18.8 21.8 17.1

Production occupations...................................................... 7.0 6.7 6.4 7.1 5.7 8.5 7.7

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 11.1 9.3 9.2 9.5 13.1 13.3 9.5

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 1,184 844 480 364 70 271 68,761

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 50.4 49.9 49.0 51.1 58.0 50.0 43.6

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 19.2 16.9 17.3 16.4 24.1 24.9 15.6

Professional and related occupations...................................... 31.2 33.0 31.7 34.7 33.9 25.1 28.0

Service occupations............................................................ 15.1 16.1 18.6 12.8 10.5 13.1 21.2

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 27.7 27.4 26.3 28.8 25.0 29.7 28.8

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 8.5 8.6 9.6 7.3 8.2 8.2 10.7

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 19.3 18.8 16.7 21.6 16.8 21.5 18.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 1.5 1.6 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.0 0.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.3

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.2
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2016

annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 5.3 5.0 4.8 5.3 4.8 6.3 5.6

Production occupations...................................................... 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.8 2.7 3.4

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 3.1 3.0 2.6 3.6 2.0 3.5 2.1

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2016 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 10,129 5,610 3,013 2,597 2,025 2,494 139,560

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1

................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 4.9 1.9 1.6

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.5 0.7 1.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.3 1.3 0.5

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.2 99.5 99.4 99.5 95.1 98.1 98.4

Wage and salary workers2............................... 91.9 96.0 96.2 95.7 81.2 91.4 92.6

Private industries....................................... 70.1 69.9 68.0 72.2 67.4 72.5 79.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.5

Construction.......................................... 5.8 5.4 4.8 6.1 5.5 7.0 5.5

Manufacturing........................................ 12.7 12.3 10.7 14.2 10.5 15.3 9.8

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.3

Retail trade........................................... 8.2 7.8 8.7 6.6 9.3 8.2 10.4

Transportation and utilities.......................... 7.4 7.2 6.5 8.1 6.8 8.4 4.0

Information............................................ 1.8 2.0 1.7 2.3 1.3 1.7 1.7

Financial activities................................... 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.6 4.2 6.4

Professional and business services............... 10.8 11.5 11.8 11.1 9.9 9.9 10.5

Education and health services..................... 8.2 8.6 8.3 8.9 7.8 7.5 15.5

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.4 3.6 4.4 2.6 3.7 2.7 8.5

Other services........................................ 3.5 3.2 2.9 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.2

Government............................................. 21.8 26.1 28.2 23.6 13.8 18.8 13.3

Federal................................................ 10.0 13.2 15.7 10.4 4.3 7.3 2.0

State................................................... 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.3 3.6 4.9 4.7

Local................................................... 7.0 7.5 7.3 7.9 5.9 6.6 6.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 6.3 3.5 3.2 3.8 13.9 6.6 5.8

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 8,944 4,766 2,533 2,233 1,955 2,224 70,799

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 5.0 2.2 2.3

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.6 0.8 1.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.4 1.4 0.7

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.1 99.4 99.4 99.5 95.0 97.8 97.7

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 91.4 95.9 96.1 95.6 80.9 91.0 91.0

Private industries....................................... 70.6 70.6 68.7 72.9 67.5 73.4 80.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8

Construction.......................................... 6.4 6.2 5.6 6.9 5.7 7.5 9.7

Manufacturing........................................ 13.7 13.7 12.2 15.4 10.7 16.3 13.3

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.9 2.6 3.1 3.1

Retail trade........................................... 8.1 7.6 8.7 6.4 9.3 8.3 10.3

Transportation and utilities.......................... 8.0 7.9 7.2 8.8 7.0 9.1 5.9

Information............................................ 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.4 1.3 1.7 2.0

Financial activities................................... 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 5.7 4.0 5.6

Professional and business services............... 11.2 12.1 12.3 11.8 10.0 10.3 11.6

Education and health services..................... 6.3 6.2 5.8 6.6 7.1 5.9 6.7

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.2 3.3 4.1 2.5 3.7 2.6 8.0

Other services........................................ 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8

Government............................................. 20.7 25.2 27.4 22.7 13.5 17.5 10.1

Federal................................................ 9.2 12.7 15.2 10.0 3.9 6.5 1.8

State................................................... 4.5 5.0 5.2 4.7 3.6 4.5 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2016 annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Local................................................... 7.0 7.5 7.1 8.0 6.0 6.6 4.9

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 6.7 3.6 3.3 3.9 14.0 6.8 6.7

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 1,184 844 480 364 70 271 68,761

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 1.6 0.2 0.9

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.3

Nonagricultural industries................................... 99.6 99.6 99.5 99.8 98.4 99.8 99.1

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 95.7 96.7 96.8 96.5 87.9 94.5 94.2

Private industries....................................... 65.7 65.8 64.5 67.7 65.6 65.1 77.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.1

Construction.......................................... 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.0 3.3 1.1

Manufacturing........................................ 5.1 4.7 3.2 6.7 3.9 6.7 6.2

Wholesale trade...................................... 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.0 4.5 0.7 1.5

Retail trade........................................... 8.5 8.7 9.1 8.0 10.2 7.7 10.5

Transportation and utilities.......................... 3.0 3.1 2.5 3.9 2.0 3.0 2.0

Information............................................ 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.3 0.2 1.6 1.4

Financial activities................................... 6.6 7.0 7.2 6.7 3.6 6.0 7.2

Professional and business services............... 7.9 8.1 8.8 7.2 9.5 6.6 9.4

Education and health services..................... 22.1 22.3 21.6 23.2 27.0 20.3 24.6

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 4.7 5.1 6.2 3.5 3.8 3.7 9.0

Other services........................................ 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.6 0.9 5.1 4.7

Government............................................. 30.0 30.9 32.4 28.8 22.3 29.4 16.5

Federal................................................ 15.6 16.1 18.5 13.1 14.5 14.0 2.1

State................................................... 7.2 7.1 5.9 8.7 3.9 8.3 6.0

Local................................................... 7.3 7.6 8.1 7.0 3.9 7.1 8.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 3.8 2.9 2.6 3.3 10.5 4.9 4.8

1 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2

Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.
Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2016 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,895 10,581 50.6 10,129 48.5 453 4.3 10,314

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 207 51.5 197 49.0 10 4.9 194

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 44 61.7 43 60.0 1 2.7 27

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 232 45.4 223 43.6 9 3.9 279

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 106 45.0 102 43.6 3 3.1 129

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,839 935 50.8 885 48.1 50 5.4 904

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 196 50.3 189 48.4 8 3.9 194

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 104 50.8 99 48.6 5 4.4 101

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 35 46.6 34 44.7 1 4.1 40

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 18 56.9 17 52.6 1 7.6 14

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,652 792 47.9 758 45.9 33 4.2 860

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 396 54.7 382 52.8 14 3.5 327

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 57 52.4 56 51.3 1 2.2 52

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 58 48.5 56 46.8 2 3.6 62

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 332 49.9 310 46.6 22 6.7 333

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 251 53.6 246 52.6 5 1.8 217

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 119 52.3 114 50.1 5 4.2 109

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 87 50.0 83 47.4 5 5.2 88

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 125 44.9 120 43.1 5 3.9 153

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 162 50.5 154 48.0 8 5.0 159

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 65 51.3 63 49.7 2 3.1 62

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 280 61.3 269 59.0 11 3.8 177

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 166 44.6 158 42.6 8 4.6 206

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 244 43.7 236 42.3 8 3.2 314

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 166 47.2 156 44.4 10 5.8 186

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 99 47.6 94 45.4 5 4.6 108

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 235 51.5 227 49.9 7 3.2 221

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 52 49.6 50 47.5 2 4.4 53

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 66 52.1 64 50.0 3 4.1 61

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 130 53.5 125 51.3 5 4.0 113

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 63 55.3 62 54.1 1 2.1 51

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 166 44.9 158 42.7 8 4.9 204

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 84 48.7 81 47.0 3 3.6 88

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 355 44.4 335 41.9 20 5.6 443

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729 397 54.5 379 52.0 18 4.5 332

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 30 57.6 29 55.4 1 3.9 22

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823 404 49.0 387 47.0 17 4.2 419

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 164 52.0 157 49.7 7 4.5 152

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 151 46.8 142 43.8 9 6.3 172

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876 421 48.1 400 45.6 22 5.2 454

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 28 42.0 27 40.5 1 3.7 38

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 201 49.8 191 47.3 10 5.0 202

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 45 58.3 44 56.8 1 2.6 32

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 246 48.7 238 46.9 9 3.6 260

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,698 964 56.7 929 54.7 35 3.6 735

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 89 56.6 87 55.3 2 2.3 69

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 23 50.8 23 49.7 1 2.2 23

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782 476 60.8 460 58.8 16 3.4 306

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 232 45.2 223 43.5 9 3.8 281

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 65 42.9 62 40.8 3 4.8 87

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 191 51.8 182 49.2 10 5.0 178

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 28 54.8 27 52.1 1 5.1 23

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2016 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223,649 146,479 65.5 139,560 62.4 6,919 4.7 77,170

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,301 1,952 59.1 1,835 55.6 116 6.0 1,349

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 312 68.5 291 63.9 21 6.8 143

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,655 2,961 63.6 2,811 60.4 150 5.1 1,694

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,998 1,230 61.6 1,183 59.2 47 3.8 768

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,874 18,051 64.8 17,103 61.4 948 5.3 9,823

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,813 2,676 70.2 2,592 68.0 84 3.1 1,137

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,548 1,762 69.1 1,673 65.6 89 5.1 786

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 434 65.8 416 63.0 18 4.2 226

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 374 72.3 352 68.1 22 5.9 143

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,427 8,901 61.7 8,479 58.8 422 4.7 5,527

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,910 4,508 65.2 4,268 61.8 240 5.3 2,402

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960 630 65.6 611 63.6 19 3.1 330

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,099 738 67.2 710 64.6 28 3.8 361

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,007 6,131 68.1 5,792 64.3 339 5.5 2,876

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,521 3,050 67.5 2,915 64.5 135 4.4 1,471

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,148 1,563 72.8 1,503 70.0 60 3.8 585

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,944 1,369 70.4 1,313 67.6 56 4.1 575

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,056 1,849 60.5 1,759 57.5 90 4.9 1,208

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,152 1,952 61.9 1,832 58.1 120 6.2 1,199

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939 618 65.8 595 63.4 23 3.8 321

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,134 2,883 69.7 2,766 66.9 117 4.1 1,251

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,985 3,370 67.6 3,249 65.2 121 3.6 1,615

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,069 4,517 63.9 4,303 60.9 214 4.7 2,552

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,789 2,734 72.2 2,634 69.5 100 3.7 1,055

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,991 1,174 58.9 1,107 55.6 66 5.7 818

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,150 2,854 68.8 2,733 65.9 121 4.2 1,296

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 462 66.6 444 63.9 19 4.0 232

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,271 923 72.6 894 70.3 30 3.2 348

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,981 1,274 64.3 1,201 60.6 73 5.7 708

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937 674 71.9 656 70.1 18 2.6 263

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,493 4,312 66.4 4,104 63.2 208 4.8 2,181

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,382 843 61.0 785 56.8 58 6.8 539

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,526 9,117 62.8 8,693 59.8 424 4.6 5,409

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,909 4,429 64.1 4,214 61.0 215 4.9 2,480

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 394 74.7 381 72.3 13 3.2 134

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,013 5,223 65.2 4,979 62.1 244 4.7 2,790

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,593 1,655 63.8 1,572 60.6 83 5.0 938

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,841 1,888 66.5 1,801 63.4 87 4.6 953

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,043 5,969 66.0 5,649 62.5 320 5.4 3,073

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 513 67.1 487 63.6 27 5.2 251

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,358 2,094 62.4 1,996 59.4 98 4.7 1,264

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 399 71.7 389 69.8 11 2.6 158

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,567 2,872 62.9 2,740 60.0 132 4.6 1,695

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,429 12,233 66.4 11,688 63.4 544 4.5 6,196

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,934 1,376 71.1 1,327 68.6 49 3.5 558

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 315 69.9 305 67.7 10 3.2 136

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,585 3,727 66.7 3,580 64.1 147 4.0 1,858

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,987 3,348 67.1 3,175 63.7 174 5.2 1,639

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,281 716 55.9 674 52.6 43 5.9 565

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,033 2,858 70.9 2,744 68.0 114 4.0 1,175

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 270 70.1 256 66.4 14 5.2 115

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2016, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total

Percent

of

population

Employed

Total

Percent

of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

labor force

Not in

labor

force

TOTAL

VETERANS

Total 20,857 10,375 49.7 9,897 47.5 477 4.6 10,482

With service-connected disability 4,564 2,119 46.4 2,018 44.2 101 4.8 2,445

Less than 30 percent disability rating 1,370 750 54.7 717 52.4 33 4.4 620

30 to 50 percent disability rating 1,082 666 61.5 631 58.3 35 5.2 417

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,707 509 29.9 490 28.7 19 3.8 1,197

Disability rating not reported 406 195 48.0 180 44.4 14 7.3 211

Without service-connected disability 15,579 7,897 50.7 7,529 48.3 368 4.7 7,682

Presence of disability not reported 714 358 50.2 350 49.0 9 2.4 355

Gulf War era, total

Total 7,277 5,929 81.5 5,632 77.4 297 5.0 1,348

With service-connected disability 2,303 1,641 71.3 1,554 67.5 88 5.3 661

Less than 30 percent disability rating 621 527 84.9 500 80.4 27 5.2 94

30 to 50 percent disability rating 621 512 82.5 486 78.2 26 5.2 109

60 percent or higher disability rating 853 456 53.5 437 51.2 19 4.3 397

Disability rating not reported 208 146 70.3 132 63.4 14 9.8 62

Without service-connected disability 4,690 4,064 86.7 3,864 82.4 201 4.9 626

Presence of disability not reported 284 223 78.5 215 75.5 9 3.9 61

Gulf War era II

Total 3,860 3,188 82.6 3,015 78.1 173 5.4 672

With service-connected disability 1,402 1,065 76.0 1,008 71.9 57 5.4 337

Less than 30 percent disability rating 310 272 87.6 261 84.1 11 4.0 38

30 to 50 percent disability rating 417 361 86.6 349 83.5 13 3.5 56

60 percent or higher disability rating 570 361 63.4 342 60.0 19 5.4 208

Disability rating not reported 105 71 67.6 56 53.9 14 - 34

Without service-connected disability 2,280 1,974 86.6 1,861 81.6 112 5.7 306

Presence of disability not reported 178 149 83.7 145 81.7 4 2.4 29

Gulf War era I

Total 3,417 2,741 80.2 2,617 76.6 124 4.5 676

With service-connected disability 901 576 64.0 546 60.6 30 5.3 324

Less than 30 percent disability rating 311 255 82.1 239 76.8 16 6.5 56

30 to 50 percent disability rating 203 151 74.0 137 67.2 14 9.2 53

60 percent or higher disability rating 283 95 33.5 95 33.5 - - 188

Disability rating not reported 103 75 73.0 75 73.0 - - 28

Without service-connected disability 2,410 2,091 86.7 2,002 83.1 88 4.2 319

Presence of disability not reported 106 75 70.0 69 65.1 5 6.9 32

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 8,439 1,942 23.0 1,870 22.2 72 3.7 6,497

With service-connected disability 1,593 225 14.1 217 13.6 8 3.7 1,368

Less than 30 percent disability rating 529 114 21.5 113 21.4 0 0.2 416

30 to 50 percent disability rating 305 69 22.5 60 19.8 8 - 236

60 percent or higher disability rating 631 21 3.3 21 3.3 - - 610

Disability rating not reported 127 22 17.1 22 17.1 - - 106

Without service-connected disability 6,579 1,666 25.3 1,602 24.3 64 3.8 4,913

Presence of disability not reported 268 51 19.2 51 19.2 0 - 216

Other service periods

Total 5,141 2,504 48.7 2,396 46.6 108 4.3 2,637

With service-connected disability 669 253 37.8 248 37.1 5 2.0 416

Less than 30 percent disability rating 219 109 49.8 104 47.6 5 4.5 110

30 to 50 percent disability rating 156 85 54.3 85 54.3 - - 72

60 percent or higher disability rating 223 32 14.4 32 14.4 - - 191

Disability rating not reported 70 27 - 27 - - - 44

Without service-connected disability 4,310 2,167 50.3 2,064 47.9 103 4.8 2,143

Presence of disability not reported 162 84 51.7 84 51.7 0 0.0 78

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2016, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total

Percent

of

population

Employed

Total

Percent

of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

labor force

Not in

labor

force

MEN

VETERANS

Total 18,842 9,129 48.4 8,749 46.4 380 4.2 9,713

With service-connected disability 4,063 1,862 45.8 1,793 44.1 70 3.8 2,200

Less than 30 percent disability rating 1,213 663 54.7 630 52.0 33 4.9 550

30 to 50 percent disability rating 978 599 61.2 577 59.0 21 3.5 379

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,506 432 28.7 424 28.2 8 1.8 1,074

Disability rating not reported 366 168 46.1 160 43.9 8 4.8 197

Without service-connected disability 14,161 6,974 49.2 6,668 47.1 306 4.4 7,187

Presence of disability not reported 618 292 47.3 289 46.7 4 1.2 326

Gulf War era, total

Total 6,075 5,029 82.8 4,807 79.1 221 4.4 1,046

With service-connected disability 1,934 1,402 72.5 1,342 69.4 61 4.3 531

Less than 30 percent disability rating 512 446 87.1 418 81.8 27 6.2 66

30 to 50 percent disability rating 537 454 84.6 437 81.4 17 3.8 83

60 percent or higher disability rating 713 383 53.7 375 52.6 8 2.1 330

Disability rating not reported 173 120 69.5 112 64.9 8 6.7 53

Without service-connected disability 3,921 3,450 88.0 3,293 84.0 157 4.6 471

Presence of disability not reported 221 176 79.8 173 78.2 4 2.0 45

Gulf War era II

Total 3,198 2,692 84.2 2,565 80.2 127 4.7 506

With service-connected disability 1,175 916 77.9 885 75.3 30 3.3 260

Less than 30 percent disability rating 246 227 92.3 216 87.9 11 4.8 19

30 to 50 percent disability rating 362 325 89.9 322 89.0 3 1.1 37

60 percent or higher disability rating 483 306 63.3 298 61.7 8 2.6 177

Disability rating not reported 85 58 68.1 50 58.6 8 - 27

Without service-connected disability 1,885 1,657 87.9 1,565 83.0 93 5.6 227

Presence of disability not reported 138 119 86.0 115 83.5 4 3.0 19

Gulf War era I

Total 2,877 2,337 81.2 2,242 77.9 95 4.1 540

With service-connected disability 758 487 64.2 456 60.2 30 6.2 271

Less than 30 percent disability rating 265 218 82.3 202 76.1 16 7.5 47

30 to 50 percent disability rating 175 129 73.6 115 65.7 14 10.7 46

60 percent or higher disability rating 230 77 33.5 77 33.5 - - 153

Disability rating not reported 88 62 71.0 62 71.0 - - 26

Without service-connected disability 2,036 1,793 88.0 1,728 84.9 65 3.6 243

Presence of disability not reported 83 57 69.4 57 69.4 0 - 25

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 8,137 1,857 22.8 1,790 22.0 67 3.6 6,280

With service-connected disability 1,551 212 13.7 208 13.4 4 2.0 1,339

Less than 30 percent disability rating 517 109 21.2 109 21.1 0 0.2 407

30 to 50 percent disability rating 293 60 20.4 56 19.0 4 - 233

60 percent or higher disability rating 614 21 3.4 21 3.4 - - 593

Disability rating not reported 127 22 17.1 22 17.1 - - 106

Without service-connected disability 6,329 1,602 25.3 1,540 24.3 63 3.9 4,727

Presence of disability not reported 257 43 16.8 43 16.8 0 - 214

Other service periods

Total 4,630 2,243 48.4 2,152 46.5 91 4.1 2,387

With service-connected disability 578 248 42.9 243 42.1 5 2.0 330

Less than 30 percent disability rating 185 108 58.5 103 55.8 5 4.6 77

30 to 50 percent disability rating 148 85 57.3 85 57.3 - - 63

60 percent or higher disability rating 180 29 16.0 29 16.0 - - 151

Disability rating not reported 66 27 - 27 - - - 39

Without service-connected disability 3,911 1,922 49.1 1,835 46.9 86 4.5 1,990

Presence of disability not reported 140 73 52.1 73 52.1 0 - 67

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2016, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total

Percent

of

population

Employed

Total

Percent

of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

labor force

Not in

labor

force

WOMEN

VETERANS

Total 2,015 1,246 61.8 1,149 57.0 97 7.8 769

With service-connected disability 501 257 51.2 226 45.1 31 12.1 244

Less than 30 percent disability rating 157 87 55.3 87 55.3 - - 70

30 to 50 percent disability rating 104 67 64.2 54 51.4 13 - 37

60 percent or higher disability rating 200 77 38.5 66 32.8 11 14.9 123

Disability rating not reported 40 26 - 20 - 6 - 14

Without service-connected disability 1,418 923 65.1 862 60.8 61 6.6 495

Presence of disability not reported 96 66 69.0 61 63.6 5 - 30

Gulf War era, total

Total 1,202 900 74.9 825 68.6 75 8.4 302

With service-connected disability 369 239 64.8 212 57.5 27 11.3 130

Without service-connected disability 769 614 79.8 571 74.2 43 7.1 155

Presence of disability not reported 64 47 - 42 - 5 - 16

Gulf War era II

Total 662 496 74.9 450 67.9 47 9.4 166

With service-connected disability 227 150 66.1 123 54.2 27 18.0 77

Without service-connected disability 395 316 80.0 297 75.0 20 6.2 79

Presence of disability not reported 40 30 - 30 - 0 - 10

Gulf War era I

Total 540 404 74.9 375 69.5 29 7.2 136

With service-connected disability 142 89 62.7 89 62.7 - - 53

Without service-connected disability 374 298 79.7 274 73.3 24 8.0 76

Presence of disability not reported 24 17 - 12 - 5 - 7

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 302 85 28.1 80 26.3 5 6.3 217

With service-connected disability 41 13 - 9 - 4 - 28

Without service-connected disability 250 63 25.4 62 24.9 1 - 186

Presence of disability not reported 11 8 - 8 - - - 2

Other service periods

Total 511 261 51.0 244 47.7 17 6.4 250

With service-connected disability 91 5 5.2 5 5.2 - - 86

Without service-connected disability 399 245 61.5 229 57.3 17 6.8 153

Presence of disability not reported 21 11 - 11 - - - 11

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and

other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served

in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The

associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal

Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication

criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,

and class of worker, August 2016, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of

disability, and period of service

Total

employed

(thousands)

Percent distribution by class of worker

Total

Agriculture

and

related

industries

Nonagricultural industries

Total

Wage and salary workers 1

Private

sector

Government

Total Federal State and

local

Selfemployed,

unincorporated, and

unpaid

family

workers

Veterans, total 2 9,897 100.0 1.5 98.5 70.8 21.3 9.5 11.8 6.3

With service-connected disability 2,018 100.0 1.4 98.6 63.1 30.9 20.0 10.9 4.6

Without service-connected disability 7,529 100.0 1.6 98.4 72.8 18.7 6.7 12.1 6.9

Gulf War era, total 2 5,632 100.0 0.2 99.8 71.2 25.3 12.4 12.9 3.4

With service-connected disability 1,554 100.0 0.0 100.0 64.6 32.2 21.9 10.3 3.2

Without service-connected disability 3,864 100.0 0.3 99.7 73.9 22.4 8.3 14.1 3.4

Gulf War era II 2 3,015 100.0 0.1 99.9 69.2 27.5 13.9 13.7 3.1

With service-connected disability 1,008 100.0 0.0 100.0 64.6 32.7 20.8 11.9 2.7

Without service-connected disability 1,861 100.0 0.2 99.8 71.7 24.8 9.9 15.0 3.2

Gulf War era I 2 2,617 100.0 0.2 99.8 73.4 22.7 10.6 12.1 3.6

With service-connected disability 546 100.0 - 100.0 64.6 31.4 24.1 7.3 4.0

Without service-connected disability 2,002 100.0 0.3 99.7 75.9 20.1 6.9 13.2 3.6

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 2 1,870 100.0 5.0 95.0 66.9 12.8 4.3 8.5 15.3

With service-connected disability 217 100.0 10.9 89.1 56.8 19.9 9.4 10.5 12.4

Without service-connected disability 1,602 100.0 4.4 95.6 67.9 11.6 3.7 7.9 16.1

Other service periods 2 2,396 100.0 1.9 98.1 73.1 18.7 7.0 11.7 6.3

With service-connected disability 248 100.0 1.9 98.1 59.4 32.1 16.8 15.3 6.5

Without service-connected disability 2,064 100.0 1.8 98.2 74.7 17.5 5.9 11.5 6.1

Nonveterans 139,822 100.0 1.8 98.1 79.5 12.9 1.9 10.9 5.7

 1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

 2 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-

January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a

health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is

determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this

release.
Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2016, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and

Reserve or National Guard status

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total

Percent

of

population

Employed

Total

Percent

of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

Not in

labor

force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total 7,277 5,929 81.5 5,632 77.4 297 5.0 1,348

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 2,482 2,075 83.6 1,992 80.3 83 4.0 407

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 4,530 3,651 80.6 3,445 76.0 206 5.6 879

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 265 204 76.9 195 73.6 9 4.2 61

Gulf War era II

Total 3,860 3,188 82.6 3,015 78.1 173 5.4 672

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 1,409 1,231 87.4 1,174 83.3 57 4.6 178

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 2,290 1,831 79.9 1,718 75.0 113 6.2 459

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 160 126 78.5 122 76.3 4 2.8 35

Gulf War era I

Total 3,417 2,741 80.2 2,617 76.6 124 4.5 676

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 1,073 843 78.6 818 76.2 26 3.0 229

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 2,239 1,819 81.3 1,726 77.1 93 5.1 420

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 105 78 74.4 73 69.5 5 6.6 27

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The

Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present)

and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include

Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty.
Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2016, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and location

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total

Percent

of

population

Employed

Total

Percent

of

population

Unemployed

Number Rate

Not in

labor

force

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans 3,860 3,188 82.6 3,015 78.1 173 5.4 672

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both 1 1,846 1,531 83.0 1,458 79.0 73 4.8 314

Served in Iraq 2 1,481 1,243 83.9 1,194 80.6 49 3.9 238

Served in Afghanistan 3 974 774 79.5 738 75.8 36 4.7 200

Served in both locations 4 609 486 79.7 474 77.8 12 2.4 124

Served elsewhere 2,014 1,656 82.2 1,557 77.3 100 6.0 358

 1 Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also

includes veterans who served in both countries.

 2 Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.

 3 Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.

 

4

 Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001.