Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-11-1576 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 4, 2011 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – OCTOBER 2011 

Nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend up in October (+80,000), and the unemployment 

rate was little changed at 9.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment 

in the private sector rose, with modest job growth continuing in professional and businesses services, 

leisure and hospitality, health care, and mining. Government employment continued to trend down. 

Household Survey Data 

Both the number of unemployed persons (13.9 million) and the unemployment rate (9.0 percent) 

changed little over the month. The unemployment rate has remained in a narrow range from 9.0 to 9.2 

percent since April. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate declined for blacks (15.1 percent) in 

October, while the rates for adult men (8.8 percent), adult women (8.0 percent), teenagers (24.1 percent), 

whites (8.0 percent), and Hispanics (11.4 percent) showed little or no change. The jobless rate for Asians 

was 7.3 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, October 2009 –

October 2011

Percent

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Oct-09 Jan-10 A pr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 A pr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

October 2009 – October 2011
- 2 - 

In October, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) declined by 

366,000 to 5.9 million, or 42.4 percent of total unemployment. (See table A-12.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate remained at 64.2 percent in October, and the employmentpopulation ratio was little changed at 58.4 percent. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) decreased by 374,000 to 8.9 million in October. These individuals were 

working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time 

job. (See table A-8.) 

In October, 2.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about the same as a year 

earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 967,000 discouraged workers in October, a decrease of 

252,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.6 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work in the 4 

weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table 

A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend up in October (+80,000). Over the past 12 

months, payroll employment has increased by an average of 125,000 per month. In October, privatesector employment increased by 104,000, with continued job growth in professional and business 

services, leisure and hospitality, health care, and mining. Government employment continued to contract 

in October. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in October (+32,000) and has 

grown by 562,000 over the past 12 months. Within the industry, there have been modest job gains in 

recent months in temporary help services and in management and technical consulting services. 

Employment in leisure and hospitality edged up over the month (+22,000). Since a recent low point in 

January 2010, the industry has added 344,000 jobs. 

Health care employment continued to expand in October 2011 (+12,000), following a gain of 45,000 in 

September. Offices of physicians added 8,000 jobs in October. Over the past 12 months, health care has 

added 313,000 jobs. 

In October, mining employment continued to increase (+6,000); oil and gas extraction accounted for 

half of the increase. Since a recent low point in October 2009, mining employment has risen by 152,000. 

Manufacturing employment changed little in October 2011 (+5,000) and has remained flat for 3 

months. In October, a job gain in transportation equipment (+10,000) was partly offset by small losses in 

other manufacturing industries. 
- 3 - 

Within retail trade, employment increased in general merchandise stores (+10,000) and in motor 

vehicle and parts dealers (+6,000) in October. Retail trade has added 156,000 jobs over the past 12 

months. 

Construction employment declined by 20,000 in October, largely offsetting an increase of 27,000 in 

September; both over-the-month changes largely occurred in nonresidential construction. Employment 

in both residential and nonresidential construction has shown little net change in 2011. 

Employment in other major private-sector industries, including wholesale trade, transportation and 

warehousing, information, and financial activities, changed little in October. 

Government employment continued to trend down over the month (-24,000), with most of the October 

decline in the non-educational component of state government. Employment in both state government 

and local government has been trending down since the second half of 2008. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3 hours in 

October. The manufacturing workweek rose by 0.2 hour to 40.5 hours, and factory overtime remained at 

3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm 

payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours in October. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 

cents, or 0.2 percent, to $23.19. This increase followed a gain of 6 cents in September. Over the past 12 

months, average hourly earnings have increased by 1.8 percent. In October, average hourly earnings of 

private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 3 cents, or 0.2 percent, to 

$19.53. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised from +57,000 to +104,000, and 

the change for September was revised from +103,000 to +158,000. 

The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 2, 

2011, at 8:30 a.m. (EST). 

Administrative Changes to Household Survey 

In January 2012, the Census Bureau, which conducts the household survey, will begin a 

year-long process of reorganizing its regional office structure. For more information on these 

Census Bureau changes, see www.census.gov/newsroom/pdf/General_QAs_FINAL2.pdf. Both 

the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics will monitor survey operations during the 

transition period. No impact on the employment and unemployment estimates from the survey 

is anticipated from this organizational change. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Change from:

Sept. 2011-

Oct. 2011

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 238,530 239,871 240,071 240,269 198

Civilian labor force............................................................ 153,960 153,594 154,017 154,198 181

Participation rate........................................................... 64.5 64.0 64.2 64.2 0.0

Employed.................................................................... 139,084 139,627 140,025 140,302 277

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.4 0.1

Unemployed................................................................. 14,876 13,967 13,992 13,897 -95

Unemployment rate..................................................... 9.7 9.1 9.1 9.0 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................. 84,570 86,278 86,054 86,071 17

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 9.7 9.1 9.1 9.0 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 9.7 8.9 8.8 8.8 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 8.1 8.0 8.1 8.0 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 27.1 25.4 24.6 24.1 -0.5

White........................................................................... 8.8 8.0 8.0 8.0 0.0

Black or African American................................................... 15.7 16.7 16.0 15.1 -0.9

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 7.1 7.1 7.8 7.3 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 12.6 11.3 11.3 11.4 0.1

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 8.2 7.8 7.8 7.8 0.0

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 15.3 14.3 14.0 13.8 -0.2

High school graduates, no college......................................... 10.1 9.6 9.7 9.6 -0.1

Some college or associate degree......................................... 8.5 8.2 8.4 8.3 -0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.7 4.3 4.2 4.4 0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 9,070 8,203 8,121 8,006 -115

Job leavers....................................................................... 854 963 967 1,072 105

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,498 3,532 3,504 3,400 -104

New entrants..................................................................... 1,278 1,241 1,327 1,293 -34

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,659 2,755 2,772 2,694 -78

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 3,427 3,050 2,904 3,250 346

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 2,500 2,239 2,086 2,048 -38

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 6,234 6,034 6,242 5,876 -366

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 9,100 8,826 9,270 8,896 -374

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 6,174 5,833 5,963 5,901 -62

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,564 2,736 2,852 2,631 -221

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 18,230 18,208 18,308 18,392 84

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,602 2,575 2,511 2,555 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 1,219 977 1,037 967 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 104 158 80

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 72 191 104

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -13 29 -10

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 5 5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 -14 27 -20

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 -1 -3 5

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -5 2 11

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 -4.8 2.0 6.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8 4 -5 -6

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 85 162 114

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 4.8 -6.0 8.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 2.5 13.3 17.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 6.7 2.5 9.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 -50 34 -5

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 -5 4

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 45 50 32

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 22.6 21.1 15.0

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 38 58 28

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 32.3 46.1 16.3

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -31 23 13 22

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8 1 -2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 32 -33 -24

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 47.9 47.9 47.9

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.2 34.3 34.3

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22.77 $ 23.08 $ 23.14 $ 23.19

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $781.01 $789.34 $793.70 $795.42

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.6 93.6 94.1 94.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 -0.2 0.5 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.5 103.0 103.8 104.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 -0.5 0.8 0.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.7

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19.23 $ 19.47 $ 19.50 $ 19.53

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $644.21 $652.25 $655.20 $658.16

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.4 100.8 101.3 101.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.7 131.1 132.0 132.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 -0.3 0.7 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 57.1 56.7 60.7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 49.4 50.0 51.9

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller 

margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of 

its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically 

significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the 

household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than 

the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural 

workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household 

survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it 

is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not 

collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify 

the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. 

The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information 

on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled 

to achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the 

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 
 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth 

of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People 

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or 

question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and 

other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment 

Situation news release. 

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for 

holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but 

not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off 

work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as 

those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to 

be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey have 

a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the 

effect of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the 

month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed 

whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of 

persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work the entire 

week, due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most 

requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) 

and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment 

that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD 

DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. The sample includes about 

140,000 businesses and government agencies representing 

approximately 440,000 worksites and is drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 9 million unemployment insurance 

tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force 

as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Additional information about the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and 

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between 

the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from 

the surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, the self-employed, unpaid family 

workers, and private household workers among the 

employed. These groups are excluded from the 

establishment survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 

 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 

number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely 

to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative 

to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of 

economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more 

useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted 

component series. For example, total unemployment is 

derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment 

estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the 

total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more 

detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the "true" population values they represent. The 

exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured 

by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). 

These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by 

these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within 

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than 

zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, 

the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then 

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval 

would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least 

a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, 

risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 

percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly 

change in unemployment as measured by the household 

survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in 

the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 
employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2010

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

June

2011

July

2011

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238,530 240,071 240,269 238,530 239,489 239,671 239,871 240,071 240,269

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,652 154,022 154,088 153,960 153,421 153,228 153,594 154,017 154,198

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 64.2 64.1 64.5 64.1 63.9 64.0 64.2 64.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,749 140,502 140,987 139,084 139,334 139,296 139,627 140,025 140,302

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 58.5 58.7 58.3 58.2 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,903 13,520 13,102 14,876 14,087 13,931 13,967 13,992 13,897

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 8.8 8.5 9.7 9.2 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,878 86,049 86,181 84,570 86,069 86,443 86,278 86,054 86,071

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,867 5,929 5,969 6,279 6,537 6,575 6,493 6,241 6,403

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,542 116,559 116,664 115,542 116,250 116,347 116,453 116,559 116,664

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,675 82,011 82,081 82,000 81,966 81,751 81,975 82,123 82,252

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.7 70.4 70.4 71.0 70.5 70.3 70.4 70.5 70.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,970 74,821 74,931 73,470 74,014 73,908 74,122 74,364 74,442

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 64.2 64.2 63.6 63.7 63.5 63.6 63.8 63.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,705 7,189 7,151 8,530 7,952 7,844 7,853 7,758 7,809

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 8.8 8.7 10.4 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.4 9.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,867 34,549 34,583 33,542 34,284 34,596 34,478 34,436 34,413

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,007 107,994 108,104 107,007 107,668 107,773 107,884 107,994 108,104

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,859 79,224 79,329 79,016 79,104 78,906 79,043 79,227 79,349

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.7 73.4 73.4 73.8 73.5 73.2 73.3 73.4 73.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,960 72,796 72,924 71,365 71,937 71,836 72,015 72,276 72,336

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 67.4 67.5 66.7 66.8 66.7 66.8 66.9 66.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,899 6,427 6,405 7,651 7,167 7,070 7,028 6,952 7,013

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.1 8.1 9.7 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,147 28,771 28,776 27,991 28,564 28,867 28,841 28,767 28,756

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,988 123,512 123,605 122,988 123,239 123,324 123,418 123,512 123,605

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,977 72,011 72,007 71,960 71,455 71,476 71,619 71,894 71,947

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.3 58.3 58.5 58.0 58.0 58.0 58.2 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,779 65,680 66,056 65,613 65,320 65,388 65,505 65,661 65,859

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 53.2 53.4 53.3 53.0 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,198 6,331 5,951 6,346 6,134 6,088 6,114 6,233 6,087

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 8.8 8.3 8.8 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,011 51,501 51,598 51,028 51,784 51,847 51,800 51,618 51,659

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,704 115,338 115,437 114,704 115,045 115,138 115,238 115,338 115,437

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,131 69,266 69,208 69,018 68,618 68,666 68,771 69,019 69,060

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 60.1 60.0 60.2 59.6 59.6 59.7 59.8 59.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,645 63,529 63,837 63,400 63,098 63,216 63,300 63,398 63,569

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 55.1 55.3 55.3 54.8 54.9 54.9 55.0 55.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,487 5,737 5,371 5,618 5,520 5,450 5,472 5,622 5,491

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.3 7.8 8.1 8.0 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,573 46,072 46,229 45,687 46,427 46,472 46,467 46,318 46,377

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,819 16,739 16,728 16,819 16,776 16,760 16,749 16,739 16,728

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,661 5,532 5,552 5,927 5,698 5,656 5,779 5,770 5,790

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.1 33.2 35.2 34.0 33.7 34.5 34.5 34.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,144 4,177 4,226 4,319 4,299 4,244 4,312 4,352 4,397

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 25.0 25.3 25.7 25.6 25.3 25.7 26.0 26.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517 1,356 1,326 1,607 1,399 1,412 1,467 1,418 1,393

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 24.5 23.9 27.1 24.5 25.0 25.4 24.6 24.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,158 11,206 11,176 10,893 11,078 11,104 10,970 10,969 10,938

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2010

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

June

2011

July

2011

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192,527 193,365 193,493 192,527 192,989 193,106 193,236 193,365 193,493

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,749 124,812 124,870 124,914 124,493 124,503 124,563 124,702 124,870

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 64.5 64.5 64.9 64.5 64.5 64.5 64.5 64.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,588 115,266 115,421 113,975 114,358 114,420 114,631 114,751 114,849

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 59.6 59.7 59.2 59.3 59.3 59.3 59.3 59.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,161 9,545 9,449 10,940 10,135 10,083 9,932 9,951 10,021

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.6 7.6 8.8 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,778 68,553 68,623 67,612 68,496 68,603 68,673 68,662 68,623

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,066 65,290 65,315 65,215 65,203 65,099 65,105 65,269 65,333

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 73.9 73.9 74.3 74.0 73.8 73.7 73.9 73.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,872 60,648 60,608 59,425 59,943 59,929 60,108 60,235 60,187

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2 68.6 68.5 67.7 68.0 67.9 68.1 68.2 68.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,194 4,642 4,707 5,790 5,261 5,170 4,997 5,034 5,146

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.1 7.2 8.9 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,076 54,949 54,952 54,846 54,633 54,696 54,655 54,706 54,727

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 59.6 59.6 59.7 59.4 59.4 59.3 59.3 59.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,185 51,002 51,217 50,835 50,775 50,866 50,826 50,795 50,899

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 55.3 55.5 55.3 55.2 55.2 55.2 55.1 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,891 3,947 3,735 4,012 3,858 3,830 3,828 3,911 3,828

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 7.2 6.8 7.3 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,607 4,573 4,604 4,853 4,657 4,708 4,803 4,728 4,810

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.9 35.8 36.0 37.8 36.3 36.8 37.5 37.0 37.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,531 3,616 3,596 3,715 3,640 3,625 3,697 3,722 3,763

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 28.3 28.1 29.0 28.4 28.3 28.9 29.1 29.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,076 956 1,008 1,138 1,017 1,083 1,106 1,006 1,047

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 20.9 21.9 23.4 21.8 23.0 23.0 21.3 21.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,831 29,193 29,228 28,831 29,093 29,123 29,158 29,193 29,228

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,913 18,051 18,047 17,946 17,733 17,582 17,930 18,103 18,052

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 61.8 61.7 62.2 61.0 60.4 61.5 62.0 61.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,199 15,186 15,471 15,127 14,855 14,786 14,941 15,209 15,332

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.7 52.0 52.9 52.5 51.1 50.8 51.2 52.1 52.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,715 2,865 2,576 2,818 2,877 2,796 2,989 2,893 2,720

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 15.9 14.3 15.7 16.2 15.9 16.7 16.0 15.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,918 11,142 11,181 10,885 11,360 11,541 11,229 11,091 11,176

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,076 8,108 8,182 8,072 8,111 8,044 8,151 8,146 8,176

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 68.0 68.5 69.0 68.3 67.7 68.4 68.3 68.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,837 6,830 6,960 6,763 6,736 6,680 6,682 6,774 6,855

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 57.3 58.3 57.8 56.7 56.2 56.1 56.8 57.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,239 1,279 1,221 1,309 1,375 1,364 1,469 1,372 1,321

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 15.8 14.9 16.2 17.0 17.0 18.0 16.8 16.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,158 9,348 9,254 9,173 8,953 8,945 9,153 9,291 9,252

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 63.7 62.9 63.3 61.2 61.1 62.4 63.3 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,996 8,027 8,116 7,998 7,718 7,745 7,923 8,064 8,089

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 54.7 55.2 55.2 52.8 52.9 54.0 54.9 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,162 1,320 1,138 1,176 1,235 1,200 1,230 1,227 1,164

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 14.1 12.3 12.8 13.8 13.4 13.4 13.2 12.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 595 611 700 669 594 626 665 624

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 23.1 23.7 26.5 25.8 22.9 24.2 25.8 24.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 329 394 366 402 361 335 371 388

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 12.7 15.3 13.9 15.5 13.9 13.0 14.4 15.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 266 216 334 267 233 291 294 236

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2 44.8 35.4 47.7 39.9 39.2 46.5 44.2 37.8

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,306 11,523 11,614 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2010

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

June

2011

July

2011

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,317 7,360 7,462 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.7 63.9 64.3 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,798 6,784 6,916 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 58.9 59.6 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 577 546 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 7.8 7.3 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,988 4,162 4,151 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2010

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

June

2011

July

2011

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 34,014 34,640 34,724 34,014 34,391 34,470 34,555 34,640 34,724

Civilian labor force................................. 22,784 23,058 23,313 22,814 22,816 22,741 22,917 22,993 23,259

Participation rate................................. 67.0 66.6 67.1 67.1 66.3 66.0 66.3 66.4 67.0

Employed......................................... 20,051 20,569 20,757 19,936 20,164 20,171 20,332 20,389 20,600

Employment-population ratio................ 58.9 59.4 59.8 58.6 58.6 58.5 58.8 58.9 59.3

Unemployed...................................... 2,733 2,488 2,555 2,878 2,653 2,570 2,585 2,604 2,660

Unemployment rate........................... 12.0 10.8 11.0 12.6 11.6 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.4

Not in labor force................................... 11,230 11,582 11,412 11,201 11,574 11,728 11,638 11,647 11,465

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 12,964 13,112 13,182 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 81.8 81.7 82.0 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 11,566 11,887 11,891 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 73.0 74.1 73.9 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,398 1,225 1,291 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 10.8 9.3 9.8 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 8,867 9,000 9,141 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 59.5 59.3 60.1 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 7,833 7,993 8,183 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 52.5 52.7 53.8 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,034 1,007 958 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 11.7 11.2 10.5 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 953 946 990 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 29.3 27.7 28.9 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 651 689 683 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 20.0 20.2 19.9 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 301 257 307 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 31.6 27.1 31.0 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2010

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

June

2011

July

2011

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 11,519 11,840 11,570 11,800 11,392 11,704 11,664 11,738 11,768

Participation rate.................................... 45.9 46.9 46.6 47.0 45.0 46.9 46.7 46.5 47.4

Employed............................................ 9,908 10,303 10,105 9,995 9,768 9,952 10,002 10,092 10,141

Employment-population ratio................... 39.4 40.8 40.7 39.8 38.6 39.9 40.0 40.0 40.8

Unemployed......................................... 1,611 1,536 1,465 1,805 1,624 1,752 1,663 1,646 1,628

Unemployment rate.............................. 14.0 13.0 12.7 15.3 14.3 15.0 14.3 14.0 13.8

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 37,638 37,210 37,140 38,051 37,612 37,505 36,956 37,319 37,437

Participation rate.................................... 60.9 60.4 60.1 61.6 60.6 60.6 60.0 60.5 60.6

Employed............................................ 34,186 33,841 33,882 34,225 33,836 34,006 33,425 33,686 33,841

Employment-population ratio................... 55.3 54.9 54.8 55.4 54.5 54.9 54.3 54.7 54.8

Unemployed......................................... 3,452 3,369 3,258 3,826 3,775 3,499 3,531 3,632 3,596

Unemployment rate.............................. 9.2 9.1 8.8 10.1 10.0 9.3 9.6 9.7 9.6

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 37,445 37,172 37,114 37,120 36,786 36,686 37,013 37,164 36,895

Participation rate.................................... 70.6 69.5 69.4 70.0 69.8 68.9 69.2 69.5 69.0

Employed............................................ 34,417 34,072 34,119 33,972 33,708 33,657 33,975 34,031 33,826

Employment-population ratio................... 64.9 63.7 63.8 64.0 63.9 63.2 63.5 63.7 63.3

Unemployed......................................... 3,028 3,101 2,995 3,148 3,079 3,028 3,038 3,133 3,069

Unemployment rate.............................. 8.1 8.3 8.1 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.4 8.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 46,451 47,021 47,346 46,132 46,963 46,680 46,813 46,915 47,008

Participation rate.................................... 76.6 76.4 76.4 76.1 76.8 76.1 76.0 76.2 75.8

Employed............................................ 44,370 45,048 45,348 43,971 44,894 44,677 44,808 44,931 44,951

Employment-population ratio................... 73.2 73.2 73.1 72.6 73.4 72.9 72.7 73.0 72.5

Unemployed......................................... 2,081 1,973 1,998 2,161 2,069 2,003 2,005 1,985 2,058

Unemployment rate.............................. 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.4

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,896 21,496 20,105 19,692 1,791 1,804

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,609 11,209 10,517 10,082 1,092 1,128

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.0 52.1 52.3 51.2 61.0 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,646 10,350 9,640 9,308 1,007 1,042

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 48.1 47.9 47.3 56.2 57.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962 859 877 774 85 85

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 7.7 8.3 7.7 7.8 7.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,287 10,287 9,588 9,610 699 676

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,321 2,405 1,902 2,036 419 369

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900 1,980 1,612 1,715 289 265

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.9 82.3 84.8 84.2 68.8 71.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,699 1,740 1,445 1,503 254 236

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 72.3 76.0 73.8 60.7 64.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 240 167 211 34 29

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 12.1 10.4 12.3 11.9 10.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 425 290 322 131 103

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,816 2,941 2,401 2,469 415 472

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,448 2,489 2,127 2,127 321 361

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.9 84.6 88.6 86.2 77.3 76.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,265 2,343 1,973 2,004 292 339

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.4 79.7 82.2 81.2 70.3 71.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 146 154 124 29 22

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 5.9 7.3 5.8 9.0 6.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 453 274 342 94 111

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,900 10,279 10,544 9,955 356 324

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,947 3,329 3,835 3,239 112 90

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 32.4 36.4 32.5 31.3 27.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,608 3,088 3,503 3,005 105 83

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 30.0 33.2 30.2 29.4 25.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 241 332 234 7 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 7.2 8.7 7.2 6.1 7.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,953 6,951 6,708 6,716 244 234

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,860 5,870 5,259 5,232 601 639

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,314 3,412 2,943 3,001 371 411

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 58.1 56.0 57.4 61.7 64.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,075 3,180 2,719 2,796 355 384

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.5 54.2 51.7 53.4 59.2 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 232 223 205 15 27

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 6.8 7.6 6.8 4.2 6.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,546 2,458 2,316 2,231 230 228

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,459 209,934 90,791 92,437 116,669 117,497

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,044 140,986 70,220 71,148 69,823 69,838

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 67.2 77.3 77.0 59.8 59.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,693 129,190 63,707 64,997 63,986 64,193

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 61.5 70.2 70.3 54.8 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,350 11,796 6,513 6,151 5,837 5,645

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 8.4 9.3 8.6 8.4 8.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,416 68,949 20,570 21,289 46,846 47,659

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 26,545 27,214 211,986 213,055

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,682 5,802 147,970 148,286

Participation rate...................................................................... 21.4 21.3 69.8 69.6

Employed.............................................................................. 4,842 5,037 134,907 135,949

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 18.2 18.5 63.6 63.8

Unemployed........................................................................... 840 765 13,063 12,337

Unemployment rate................................................................ 14.8 13.2 8.8 8.3

Not in labor force........................................................................ 20,863 21,412 64,015 64,769

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,643 2,649 75,282 75,325

Participation rate...................................................................... 36.1 34.9 82.4 82.4

Employed.............................................................................. 2,204 2,262 68,269 68,806

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 30.1 29.8 74.7 75.2

Unemployed........................................................................... 439 387 7,012 6,519

Unemployment rate................................................................ 16.6 14.6 9.3 8.7

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,668 4,938 16,080 16,114

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,262 2,257 66,634 66,490

Participation rate...................................................................... 30.8 30.6 71.2 70.9

Employed.............................................................................. 1,924 1,960 60,931 61,099

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 26.2 26.6 65.1 65.1

Unemployed........................................................................... 337 297 5,703 5,391

Unemployment rate................................................................ 14.9 13.2 8.6 8.1

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,090 5,114 26,966 27,337

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 777 896 6,054 6,471

Participation rate...................................................................... 6.5 7.3 22.4 23.3

Employed.............................................................................. 714 815 5,706 6,044

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.0 6.7 21.1 21.7

Unemployed........................................................................... 64 80 348 427

Unemployment rate................................................................ 8.2 9.0 5.8 6.6

Not in labor force........................................................................ 11,105 11,360 20,969 21,318

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 36,341 37,001 18,122 18,378 18,219 18,624

Civilian labor force................................................... 24,530 24,849 14,387 14,532 10,143 10,317

Participation rate................................................... 67.5 67.2 79.4 79.1 55.7 55.4

Employed........................................................... 22,281 22,648 13,083 13,303 9,198 9,345

Employment-population ratio.................................. 61.3 61.2 72.2 72.4 50.5 50.2

Unemployed........................................................ 2,249 2,201 1,304 1,230 945 971

Unemployment rate............................................. 9.2 8.9 9.1 8.5 9.3 9.4

Not in labor force..................................................... 11,811 12,152 3,734 3,845 8,077 8,307

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 202,189 203,268 97,421 98,287 104,769 104,981

Civilian labor force................................................... 129,122 129,239 67,288 67,549 61,834 61,690

Participation rate................................................... 63.9 63.6 69.1 68.7 59.0 58.8

Employed........................................................... 117,468 118,338 60,887 61,628 56,581 56,711

Employment-population ratio.................................. 58.1 58.2 62.5 62.7 54.0 54.0

Unemployed........................................................ 11,654 10,901 6,401 5,921 5,253 4,980

Unemployment rate............................................. 9.0 8.4 9.5 8.8 8.5 8.1

Not in labor force..................................................... 73,067 74,029 30,133 30,738 42,935 43,291

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2010

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

June

2011

July

2011

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 2,360 2,281 2,246 2,348 2,217 2,245 2,355 2,267 2,250

Wage and salary workers1....................... 1,475 1,409 1,339 1,446 1,383 1,419 1,475 1,380 1,325

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 840 839 873 823 829 810 843 839 862

Unpaid family workers............................. 45 33 34 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 137,389 138,221 138,740 136,797 137,035 136,837 137,146 137,840 138,137

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 128,487 129,756 130,189 127,852 128,437 128,393 128,552 129,606 129,565

Government...................................... 20,900 20,569 20,682 20,717 20,318 20,302 20,286 20,568 20,519

Private industries................................ 107,587 109,187 109,507 107,100 108,209 108,070 108,275 108,742 108,980

Private households............................ 562 756 771 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 107,025 108,431 108,736 106,470 107,511 107,319 107,556 107,992 108,160

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 8,817 8,411 8,501 8,862 8,543 8,525 8,551 8,334 8,521

Unpaid family workers............................. 85 55 50 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3................... 8,408 8,541 8,258 9,100 8,552 8,396 8,826 9,270 8,896

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,695 5,497 5,518 6,174 5,806 5,687 5,833 5,963 5,901

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,442 2,766 2,488 2,564 2,401 2,517 2,736 2,852 2,631

Part time for noneconomic reasons4.............. 18,717 18,647 18,941 18,230 18,470 18,258 18,208 18,308 18,392

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 8,279 8,423 8,151 8,991 8,400 8,218 8,670 9,112 8,784

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,619 5,410 5,444 6,108 5,704 5,569 5,732 5,864 5,829

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,421 2,749 2,472 2,534 2,341 2,466 2,720 2,868 2,613

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,302 18,249 18,543 17,848 18,151 17,880 17,813 17,877 17,985

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2010

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

June

2011

July

2011

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,749 140,502 140,987 139,084 139,334 139,296 139,627 140,025 140,302

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,144 4,177 4,226 4,319 4,299 4,244 4,312 4,352 4,397

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,409 1,450 1,447 1,434 1,358 1,343 1,341 1,414 1,442

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,735 2,727 2,779 2,894 2,945 2,890 2,981 2,944 2,961

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,605 136,325 136,761 134,764 135,035 135,052 135,315 135,673 135,905

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,723 13,061 13,306 12,774 12,911 12,860 12,895 13,072 13,357

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,881 123,264 123,454 121,910 122,175 122,228 122,447 122,610 122,496

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,791 93,920 94,108 94,011 93,505 93,550 93,568 93,460 93,338

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,589 30,750 30,806 30,323 30,416 30,322 30,635 30,587 30,557

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,886 30,228 30,295 30,650 30,197 30,249 30,017 30,053 30,043

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,315 32,941 33,007 33,037 32,892 32,979 32,916 32,819 32,738

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,091 29,345 29,346 27,899 28,670 28,677 28,880 29,150 29,158

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,970 74,821 74,931 73,470 74,014 73,908 74,122 74,364 74,442

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,010 2,025 2,007 2,106 2,077 2,072 2,107 2,089 2,106

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 692 626 660 646 652 629 674 666

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,387 1,334 1,381 1,443 1,451 1,429 1,492 1,418 1,443

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,960 72,796 72,924 71,365 71,937 71,836 72,015 72,276 72,336

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,481 6,874 7,017 6,542 6,754 6,711 6,747 6,858 7,084

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,479 65,923 65,907 64,803 65,193 65,163 65,289 65,429 65,262

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,805 50,373 50,406 50,209 50,096 50,018 50,019 50,022 49,844

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,668 16,852 16,884 16,434 16,607 16,481 16,674 16,686 16,658

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,737 16,395 16,360 16,573 16,365 16,371 16,226 16,277 16,201

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,400 17,127 17,162 17,202 17,124 17,167 17,118 17,059 16,986

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,675 15,549 15,501 14,594 15,097 15,146 15,271 15,407 15,418

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,779 65,680 66,056 65,613 65,320 65,388 65,505 65,661 65,859

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134 2,152 2,219 2,214 2,222 2,172 2,205 2,263 2,290

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786 759 821 774 713 691 712 740 777

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,348 1,393 1,398 1,452 1,494 1,461 1,489 1,525 1,518

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,645 63,529 63,837 63,400 63,098 63,216 63,300 63,398 63,569

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,242 6,187 6,290 6,232 6,157 6,149 6,148 6,214 6,273

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,402 57,341 57,547 57,106 56,982 57,064 57,158 57,181 57,233

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,986 43,546 43,703 43,801 43,409 43,533 43,549 43,438 43,494

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,921 13,899 13,923 13,889 13,809 13,841 13,960 13,901 13,899

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,150 13,833 13,935 14,077 13,833 13,879 13,790 13,776 13,843

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,915 15,815 15,844 15,836 15,768 15,813 15,798 15,760 15,752

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,416 13,795 13,845 13,305 13,573 13,532 13,609 13,744 13,740

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,492 43,938 43,940 43,301 43,004 43,145 43,184 43,637 43,632

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,642 34,095 34,401 34,553 33,676 33,734 33,845 34,052 34,239

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,959 9,173 9,101 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,342 112,980 113,456 111,585 111,907 111,859 112,330 112,357 112,778

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,407 27,522 27,530 27,433 27,631 27,606 27,407 27,704 27,514

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,817 6,946 6,989 6,679 6,880 6,741 6,927 6,964 6,887

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.0 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,037 4,950 5,030 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,657 9,249 9,374 9,684 9,372 9,335 9,394 9,173 9,383

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Oct.

2010

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

June

2011

July

2011

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 14,876 13,992 13,897 9.7 9.2 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.0

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,607 1,418 1,393 27.1 24.5 25.0 25.4 24.6 24.1

16 to 17 years.................................... 624 511 488 30.3 28.2 28.7 29.6 26.5 25.3

18 to 19 years.................................... 952 893 898 24.7 22.8 23.1 24.5 23.3 23.3

20 years and over.................................. 13,269 12,573 12,504 9.0 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.4

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,300 2,249 2,176 15.3 14.5 14.6 14.8 14.7 14.0

25 years and over............................... 10,942 10,339 10,342 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8

25 to 54 years................................. 8,761 8,284 8,147 8.5 8.2 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.0

25 to 34 years.............................. 3,350 3,287 3,313 9.9 9.6 9.7 9.5 9.7 9.8

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,616 2,443 2,339 7.9 7.8 7.1 7.7 7.5 7.2

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,796 2,554 2,495 7.8 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.1

55 years and over............................. 2,169 2,106 2,187 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.6 6.7 7.0

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 8,530 7,758 7,809 10.4 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.4 9.5

16 to 19 years...................................... 879 807 796 29.4 27.4 27.2 28.1 27.9 27.4

16 to 17 years.................................... 337 257 249 33.8 30.7 29.9 28.6 27.6 27.2

18 to 19 years.................................... 529 533 551 26.8 25.7 25.6 28.9 27.3 27.6

20 years and over.................................. 7,651 6,952 7,013 9.7 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.8

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,297 1,286 1,222 16.5 15.5 15.7 16.5 15.8 14.7

25 years and over............................... 6,321 5,712 5,808 8.9 8.4 8.2 8.1 8.0 8.2

25 to 54 years................................. 5,007 4,572 4,605 9.1 8.6 8.4 8.5 8.4 8.5

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,913 1,817 1,895 10.4 10.0 10.2 9.8 9.8 10.2

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,479 1,354 1,324 8.2 8.1 7.5 8.1 7.7 7.6

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,615 1,401 1,386 8.6 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.6 7.5

55 years and over............................. 1,315 1,139 1,203 8.3 7.9 7.4 7.0 6.9 7.2

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 6,346 6,233 6,087 8.8 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.5

16 to 19 years...................................... 728 612 597 24.8 21.6 22.7 22.6 21.3 20.7

16 to 17 years.................................... 287 254 239 27.0 25.9 27.5 30.5 25.5 23.6

18 to 19 years.................................... 423 360 347 22.6 19.7 20.6 19.4 19.1 18.6

20 years and over.................................. 5,618 5,622 5,491 8.1 8.0 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.0

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,003 963 954 13.9 13.4 13.2 12.8 13.4 13.2

25 years and over............................... 4,620 4,628 4,533 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.3

25 to 54 years................................. 3,754 3,712 3,542 7.9 7.8 7.5 7.7 7.9 7.5

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,436 1,470 1,418 9.4 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.6 9.3

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,137 1,088 1,015 7.5 7.4 6.7 7.2 7.3 6.8

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,181 1,153 1,110 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.6

55 years and over1

........................... 846 978 970 5.9 6.3 7.3 7.1 6.6 6.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 3,225 2,738 2,707 6.9 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.8

Married women, spouse present.................... 2,079 2,127 2,092 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.8

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,267 1,294 1,275 12.4 12.8 12.1 11.9 12.4 12.3

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 13,027 12,240 11,998 10.5 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.6

Part-time workers3................................... 1,854 1,774 1,892 6.3 6.7 6.1 6.5 6.0 6.4

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2010

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

June

2011

July

2011

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 8,331 7,636 7,390 9,070 8,261 8,215 8,203 8,121 8,006

On temporary layoff................................ 890 813 861 1,293 1,251 1,268 1,247 1,196 1,236

Not on temporary layoff............................ 7,441 6,823 6,528 7,777 7,010 6,947 6,956 6,925 6,770

Permanent job losers............................ 6,009 5,383 5,170 6,254 5,606 5,567 5,545 5,500 5,362

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,432 1,440 1,359 1,523 1,405 1,380 1,411 1,426 1,409

Job leavers............................................. 876 1,064 1,103 854 965 928 963 967 1,072

Reentrants............................................. 3,466 3,500 3,368 3,498 3,430 3,410 3,532 3,504 3,400

New entrants.......................................... 1,230 1,320 1,242 1,278 1,222 1,270 1,241 1,327 1,293

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 59.9 56.5 56.4 61.7 59.5 59.4 58.8 58.3 58.1

On temporary layoff................................ 6.4 6.0 6.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 8.9 8.6 9.0

Not on temporary layoff............................ 53.5 50.5 49.8 52.9 50.5 50.3 49.9 49.8 49.2

Job leavers............................................. 6.3 7.9 8.4 5.8 7.0 6.7 6.9 6.9 7.8

Reentrants............................................. 24.9 25.9 25.7 23.8 24.7 24.7 25.3 25.2 24.7

New entrants.......................................... 8.8 9.8 9.5 8.7 8.8 9.2 8.9 9.5 9.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 5.4 5.0 4.8 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2

Job leavers............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

Reentrants............................................. 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2

New entrants.......................................... 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2010

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

June

2011

July

2011

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,432 2,760 2,443 2,659 3,076 2,689 2,755 2,772 2,694

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 3,037 2,726 2,985 3,427 2,972 3,088 3,050 2,904 3,250

15 weeks and over.................................... 8,434 8,034 7,674 8,734 8,125 8,150 8,273 8,328 7,924

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 2,335 1,816 1,936 2,500 1,836 1,965 2,239 2,086 2,048

27 weeks and over................................. 6,099 6,217 5,738 6,234 6,289 6,185 6,034 6,242 5,876

Average (mean) duration, in weeks1

.............. 34.9 41.0 39.8 33.9 39.9 40.4 40.3 40.5 39.4

Median duration, in weeks........................... 21.9 22.2 21.1 21.3 22.5 21.2 21.8 22.2 20.8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 17.5 20.4 18.6 17.9 21.7 19.3 19.6 19.8 19.4

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 21.8 20.2 22.8 23.1 21.0 22.2 21.7 20.7 23.4

15 weeks and over.................................... 60.7 59.4 58.6 58.9 57.3 58.5 58.8 59.5 57.1

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 16.8 13.4 14.8 16.9 13.0 14.1 15.9 14.9 14.8

27 weeks and over................................. 43.9 46.0 43.8 42.1 44.4 44.4 42.9 44.6 42.4

1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 139,749 140,987 13,903 13,102 9.0 8.5

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 51,818 52,864 2,417 2,410 4.5 4.4

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 20,699 21,700 1,089 1,068 5.0 4.7

Professional and related occupations........................... 31,119 31,164 1,328 1,342 4.1 4.1

Service occupations.................................................. 24,540 25,108 2,758 2,772 10.1 9.9

Sales and office occupations....................................... 33,394 32,932 3,300 3,023 9.0 8.4

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,439 15,323 1,548 1,368 9.1 8.2

Office and administrative support occupations................. 17,955 17,609 1,752 1,655 8.9 8.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 13,091 13,121 2,060 1,746 13.6 11.7

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 1,085 1,028 155 174 12.5 14.5

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 7,026 7,125 1,456 1,184 17.2 14.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 4,980 4,969 449 388 8.3 7.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 16,906 16,963 2,091 1,857 11.0 9.9

Production occupations........................................... 8,255 8,474 1,134 897 12.1 9.6

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 8,651 8,489 958 961 10.0 10.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the

introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is

derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with

earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 13,903 13,102 9.0 8.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 10,990 10,126 9.3 8.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 89 69 10.4 7.8

Construction........................................................................... 1,445 1,129 17.3 13.7

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,474 1,200 9.5 7.7

Durable goods...................................................................... 937 759 9.8 8.0

Nondurable goods................................................................. 537 441 9.0 7.3

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 1,888 1,764 9.2 8.6

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 404 462 6.9 7.8

Information............................................................................ 300 195 9.8 6.6

Financial activities.................................................................... 590 524 6.7 5.8

Professional and business services................................................ 1,525 1,495 10.6 10.1

Education and health services...................................................... 1,263 1,221 5.8 5.6

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,458 1,448 11.1 10.8

Other services........................................................................ 554 618 8.8 9.6

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 176 198 11.0 13.4

Government workers.................................................................... 950 924 4.3 4.3

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............. 557 612 5.4 6.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2010

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

June

2011

July

2011

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011

Oct.

2011

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 5.4 5.0 4.8 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 9.0 8.8 8.5 9.7 9.2 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 9.8 9.4 9.1 10.4 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.6

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 10.6 10.2 10.0 11.2 10.7 10.7 10.6 10.5 10.5

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 15.9 15.7 15.3 17.0 16.2 16.1 16.2 16.5 16.2

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2010

Oct.

2011

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 84,878 86,181 33,867 34,583 51,011 51,598

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 5,867 5,969 2,806 2,818 3,061 3,151

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,602 2,555 1,345 1,358 1,258 1,196

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 1,219 967 712 575 507 392

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,383 1,588 633 783 751 805

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4............................................. 6,817 6,989 3,177 3,415 3,640 3,574

Percent of total employed........................................... 4.9 5.0 4.3 4.6 5.5 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,653 3,631 1,834 1,993 1,819 1,638

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,850 1,851 647 588 1,203 1,263

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 197 222 118 156 80 65

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,103 1,251 573 659 531 592

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Change

from:

Sept.2011

-

Oct.2011p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,071 131,058 131,689 132,572 130,015 131,278 131,436 131,516 80

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,429 110,193 109,876 110,230 107,713 109,242 109,433 109,537 104

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,103 18,507 18,438 18,408 17,785 18,075 18,104 18,094 -10

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 814 816 823 734 800 805 810 5

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 49.4 49.7 48.6 49.1 47.1 47.3 46.4 -0.9

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692.0 764.4 766.1 774.0 685.0 753.0 757.4 763.5 6.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.5 178.6 179.9 183.0 162.5 177.4 180.6 183.6 3.0

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210.4 222.0 219.6 220.5 206.1 214.4 214.4 215.2 0.8

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 87.0 87.0 87.0 82.4 86.7 86.9 87.1 0.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320.1 363.8 366.6 370.5 316.4 361.2 362.4 364.7 2.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,748 5,833 5,791 5,765 5,512 5,518 5,545 5,525 -20

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,256.9 1,275.3 1,272.4 1,269.1 1,217.1 1,220.7 1,231.7 1,230.5 -1.2

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579.8 581.4 577.0 580.5 559.5 555.9 559.3 562.6 3.3

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677.1 693.9 695.4 688.6 657.6 664.8 672.4 667.9 -4.5

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 906.6 911.0 912.2 915.6 845.1 843.0 847.4 851.1 3.7

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,584.0 3,647.1 3,606.7 3,580.7 3,450.1 3,454.3 3,465.8 3,443.7 -22.1

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,504.7 1,536.2 1,521.2 1,514.4 1,438.8 1,452.9 1,452.7 1,453.1 0.4

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 2,079.3 2,110.9 2,085.5 2,066.3 2,011.3 2,001.4 2,013.1 1,990.6 -22.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,612 11,860 11,831 11,820 11,539 11,757 11,754 11,759 5

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,135 7,354 7,341 7,348 7,097 7,308 7,310 7,321 11

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339.0 339.1 335.6 332.7 336.0 330.5 330.8 331.0 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.9 380.9 377.1 375.3 371.8 369.5 367.9 367.1 -0.8

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.0 387.9 390.8 392.6 365.3 387.9 389.4 391.7 2.3

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313.5 1,372.2 1,368.8 1,370.3 1,300.6 1,361.4 1,360.5 1,361.1 0.6

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004.8 1,057.4 1,054.9 1,062.7 1,000.2 1,054.3 1,057.0 1,060.9 3.9

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,103.3 1,133.7 1,129.3 1,127.4 1,102.9 1,129.6 1,129.6 1,128.5 -1.1

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 163.7 173.3 172.9 172.8 163.5 173.0 172.8 173.0 0.2

Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.2 117.0 116.6 115.0 120.1 116.5 116.2 114.7 -1.5

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.5 390.5 389.5 389.2 372.1 388.4 389.2 389.5 0.3

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.3 403.9 402.1 402.1 403.8 402.9 402.8 402.8 0.0

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 365.3 374.0 371.8 372.1 364.7 371.7 371.2 371.7 0.5

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,336.1 1,372.2 1,382.2 1,389.1 1,333.3 1,373.9 1,376.9 1,386.4 9.5

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680.5 700.0 709.1 713.0 678.2 702.2 704.2 710.4 6.2

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.1 357.2 354.3 351.1 354.5 351.7 351.2 350.1 -1.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571.3 579.1 575.8 574.7 567.5 577.7 575.3 572.9 -2.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,477 4,506 4,490 4,472 4,442 4,449 4,444 4,438 -6

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,463.0 1,479.7 1,472.3 1,464.1 1,440.3 1,443.4 1,442.2 1,442.9 0.7

Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 188.3 194.9 193.8 191.5 184.4 189.4 187.7 186.8 -0.9

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.3 122.5 121.4 120.1 118.8 122.0 121.2 120.1 -1.1

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.3 116.2 113.2 113.8 117.1 116.1 113.7 113.1 -0.6

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.6 155.6 157.5 156.4 156.6 154.6 155.6 156.1 0.5

Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.9 29.2 30.2 30.5 28.3 29.0 29.8 30.0 0.2

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.2 400.8 400.4 400.9 396.6 399.2 399.5 399.9 0.4

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 483.5 470.2 465.0 464.2 481.3 468.7 463.8 461.9 -1.9

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.6 114.3 114.3 116.8 115.5 111.4 112.3 113.6 1.3

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777.2 785.8 785.6 781.1 779.4 783.2 785.6 782.8 -2.8

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627.0 636.7 636.0 632.7 623.9 631.7 632.5 630.9 -1.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,326 91,686 91,438 91,822 89,928 91,167 91,329 91,443 114

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,747 24,959 24,898 25,077 24,670 24,957 24,968 25,003 35

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,488.5 5,573.9 5,547.1 5,568.5 5,467.4 5,547.8 5,541.8 5,549.9 8.1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,736.6 2,790.8 2,774.8 2,784.7 2,728.3 2,776.9 2,774.3 2,778.2 3.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,941.5 1,962.2 1,954.3 1,961.3 1,931.8 1,952.8 1,951.6 1,952.1 0.5

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 810.4 820.9 818.0 822.5 807.3 818.1 815.9 819.6 3.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,455.8 14,591.7 14,481.8 14,623.3 14,456.6 14,581.6 14,594.9 14,612.7 17.8

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,642.4 1,696.3 1,692.3 1,694.7 1,634.9 1,678.7 1,681.3 1,687.6 6.3

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016.5 1,051.0 1,051.7 1,053.1 1,012.6 1,043.7 1,045.9 1,049.8 3.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Change

from:

Sept.2011

-

Oct.2011p

Retail trade - Continued

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 444.0 430.2 431.7 449.7 439.6 437.2 438.6 443.0 4.4

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 508.3 485.8 477.0 488.1 506.1 493.8 485.6 486.5 0.9

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,098.0 1,128.4 1,107.8 1,103.7 1,109.9 1,119.9 1,119.6 1,120.5 0.9

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,815.1 2,855.0 2,840.5 2,848.9 2,810.6 2,840.1 2,846.7 2,844.5 -2.2

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 974.7 977.4 974.7 978.3 977.6 977.5 980.4 979.7 -0.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816.2 835.6 822.8 822.2 814.4 821.2 816.9 820.2 3.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,396.8 1,435.7 1,410.4 1,444.7 1,401.1 1,436.5 1,444.5 1,445.9 1.4

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598.7 598.4 596.4 595.0 597.4 600.1 598.7 595.7 -3.0

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,967.3 2,966.6 2,941.3 2,995.9 2,988.2 2,991.0 2,997.2 3,007.2 10.0

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,479.4 1,478.5 1,460.8 1,495.7 1,495.1 1,500.2 1,502.6 1,508.0 5.4

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765.7 771.0 768.3 772.2 757.8 766.7 768.3 764.7 -3.6

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428.6 411.3 418.6 429.9 419.0 418.9 417.1 417.2 0.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,253.1 4,238.5 4,315.1 4,331.6 4,196.2 4,274.5 4,277.0 4,286.4 9.4

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.6 479.7 476.1 475.0 463.7 475.7 475.1 474.9 -0.2

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218.7 226.9 227.1 227.1 218.4 226.5 226.1 226.6 0.5

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 65.8 64.7 65.3 63.5 63.6 64.0 64.7 0.7

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,271.7 1,305.2 1,305.5 1,306.7 1,250.2 1,281.8 1,283.7 1,286.8 3.1

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462.0 377.4 455.8 462.5 442.9 445.0 444.0 444.6 0.6

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.0 43.0 43.2 43.2 41.8 42.9 43.2 43.1 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 28.6 37.0 34.0 31.0 28.1 28.9 28.6 29.7 1.1

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 546.3 558.0 557.0 562.6 543.0 556.1 557.0 559.3 2.3

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.4 513.4 517.1 515.6 516.5 521.9 522.8 521.8 -1.0

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635.8 632.1 634.6 642.6 628.1 632.1 632.5 634.9 2.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549.5 554.8 553.6 553.2 549.8 552.6 554.1 553.5 -0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,696 2,637 2,651 2,652 2,697 2,627 2,661 2,656 -5

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 759.1 756.5 753.4 756.0 758.9 755.3 754.5 755.4 0.9

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.2 376.7 358.2 353.4 372.0 366.5 361.2 358.5 -2.7

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.3 293.5 294.0 295.1 296.0 294.3 294.4 293.8 -0.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.3 809.6 846.2 844.0 886.2 809.6 849.1 844.2 -4.9

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240.3 237.5 237.0 238.6 240.6 239.5 238.5 238.9 0.4

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.5 163.3 162.6 164.5 143.3 162.0 163.0 164.8 1.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,621 7,657 7,610 7,615 7,617 7,612 7,607 7,611 4

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,683.8 5,678.6 5,655.1 5,665.2 5,685.6 5,670.4 5,666.1 5,665.9 -0.2

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 22.0 21.8 21.9 20.8 21.8 21.8 22.0 0.2

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,548.8 2,545.6 2,537.1 2,539.8 2,552.0 2,542.9 2,542.8 2,540.8 -2.0

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,737.5 1,763.8 1,753.5 1,754.5 1,738.9 1,757.8 1,757.8 1,756.7 -1.1

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,311.9 1,330.0 1,322.9 1,323.3 1,313.8 1,325.8 1,325.4 1,324.5 -0.9

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801.5 814.1 807.2 808.5 800.3 811.7 809.2 808.3 -0.9

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,225.6 2,211.1 2,203.7 2,208.9 2,225.7 2,208.2 2,206.5 2,209.0 2.5

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 87.2 85.8 85.3 86.1 86.8 85.8 85.8 85.8 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,936.8 1,978.8 1,954.5 1,949.5 1,931.7 1,941.9 1,941.2 1,945.2 4.0

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396.6 1,423.7 1,403.1 1,405.9 1,391.6 1,402.6 1,396.5 1,401.3 4.8

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515.0 529.2 525.6 517.6 514.7 513.5 518.8 517.9 -0.9

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 25.2 25.9 25.8 26.0 25.4 25.8 25.9 26.0 0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,950 17,368 17,358 17,490 16,759 17,239 17,289 17,321 32

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,398.0 7,624.6 7,600.3 7,653.7 7,422.9 7,661.0 7,684.0 7,687.2 3.2

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,116.3 1,118.2 1,109.1 1,113.8 1,115.9 1,113.7 1,112.5 1,112.9 0.4

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 805.7 849.8 851.3 860.5 871.4 924.6 930.2 932.2 2.0

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,282.7 1,320.3 1,309.6 1,311.3 1,272.6 1,301.5 1,304.4 1,302.2 -2.2

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,465.1 1,520.7 1,517.1 1,530.1 1,456.9 1,515.2 1,519.9 1,522.8 2.9

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,003.4 1,055.6 1,052.0 1,069.5 994.6 1,053.6 1,057.3 1,061.1 3.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Change

from:

Sept.2011

-

Oct.2011p

Professional and business services - Continued

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,868.7 1,895.9 1,892.9 1,897.7 1,869.9 1,887.8 1,892.6 1,896.8 4.2

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,683.5 7,847.8 7,864.4 7,938.9 7,466.3 7,690.1 7,712.0 7,737.4 25.4

Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . . 7,321.8 7,472.8 7,491.5 7,568.9 7,106.6 7,323.6 7,343.7 7,369.7 26.0

Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,912.2 2,982.6 3,036.9 3,107.0 2,765.8 2,937.0 2,959.4 2,973.8 14.4

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,259.0 2,296.6 2,354.9 2,423.8 2,137.3 2,270.3 2,291.4 2,306.4 15.0

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816.6 795.9 794.8 805.2 809.2 804.4 802.6 797.5 -5.1

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,794.9 1,866.0 1,830.6 1,819.3 1,747.9 1,765.3 1,766.1 1,773.2 7.1

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361.7 375.0 372.9 370.0 359.7 366.5 368.3 367.7 -0.6

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,865 19,694 20,014 20,297 19,695 20,036 20,094 20,122 28

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,320.1 2,907.6 3,188.6 3,398.9 3,170.1 3,225.7 3,237.6 3,248.6 11.0

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,544.6 16,786.4 16,825.7 16,898.4 16,524.4 16,810.5 16,856.6 16,872.9 16.3

Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,884.0 14,160.0 14,160.3 14,201.7 13,875.0 14,131.7 14,176.7 14,188.3 11.6

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 6,039.1 6,185.9 6,190.5 6,218.2 6,033.4 6,178.0 6,201.7 6,206.5 4.8

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,330.1 2,374.3 2,377.9 2,398.1 2,327.8 2,373.3 2,383.8 2,392.0 8.2

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606.9 622.9 625.5 630.9 607.2 622.4 627.1 630.0 2.9

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,097.4 1,133.5 1,139.8 1,144.0 1,096.1 1,133.9 1,139.9 1,141.9 2.0

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,696.6 4,767.8 4,772.9 4,779.5 4,694.1 4,758.0 4,774.8 4,778.1 3.3

Nursing and residential care facilities1. . . . 3,148.3 3,206.3 3,196.9 3,204.0 3,147.5 3,195.7 3,200.2 3,203.7 3.5

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,667.9 1,687.6 1,683.1 1,686.7 1,667.0 1,683.6 1,684.4 1,686.9 2.5

Social assistance1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,660.6 2,626.4 2,665.4 2,696.7 2,649.4 2,678.8 2,679.9 2,684.6 4.7

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867.6 804.9 848.7 862.1 856.1 853.9 852.6 852.7 0.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,031 13,870 13,462 13,238 13,072 13,240 13,253 13,275 22

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,861.8 2,160.0 1,978.7 1,866.5 1,899.8 1,897.5 1,895.6 1,902.1 6.5

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 410.9 431.4 433.2 410.2 404.8 401.6 406.7 404.1 -2.6

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . . 126.3 144.2 132.9 131.9 125.9 131.7 130.8 131.8 1.0

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,324.6 1,584.4 1,412.6 1,324.4 1,369.1 1,364.2 1,358.1 1,366.2 8.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,169.0 11,709.8 11,483.2 11,371.8 11,172.4 11,342.7 11,357.2 11,373.0 15.8

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,755.0 1,954.0 1,846.2 1,798.8 1,766.2 1,811.9 1,808.1 1,811.1 3.0

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,414.0 9,755.8 9,637.0 9,573.0 9,406.2 9,530.8 9,549.1 9,561.9 12.8

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,416 5,501 5,445 5,453 5,418 5,456 5,457 5,455 -2

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,146.0 1,159.0 1,157.4 1,158.2 1,145.2 1,152.7 1,155.6 1,156.8 1.2

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,268.4 1,293.9 1,288.3 1,284.1 1,272.3 1,287.1 1,289.9 1,288.0 -1.9

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 3,002.0 3,048.3 2,998.9 3,010.7 3,000.0 3,016.2 3,011.1 3,009.9 -1.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,642 20,865 21,813 22,342 22,302 22,036 22,003 21,979 -24

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,850.0 2,837.0 2,825.0 2,813.0 2,847.0 2,818.0 2,814.0 2,812.0 -2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,198.5 2,219.7 2,214.2 2,191.2 2,199.9 2,197.3 2,199.1 2,194.6 -4.5

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651.1 617.1 610.7 622.0 646.6 620.7 614.8 617.5 2.7

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,297.0 4,816.0 5,095.0 5,210.0 5,146.0 5,086.0 5,078.0 5,058.0 -20.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,552.1 2,114.4 2,409.2 2,551.3 2,393.7 2,402.7 2,397.0 2,392.7 -4.3

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,744.6 2,701.5 2,686.2 2,658.8 2,752.2 2,682.8 2,680.9 2,665.3 -15.6

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,495.0 13,212.0 13,893.0 14,319.0 14,309.0 14,132.0 14,111.0 14,109.0 -2.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,206.5 6,772.2 7,637.7 8,107.7 7,980.0 7,874.5 7,860.4 7,861.6 1.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,288.7 6,439.8 6,254.9 6,211.6 6,328.6 6,257.6 6,250.7 6,247.2 -3.5

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 34.3 34.2 34.3 34.3

Goods-producing..................................................................... 39.8 39.8 39.9 40.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.6 44.2 44.3 44.9

Construction........................................................................ 38.2 38.2 38.5 38.2

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.4 40.3 40.3 40.5

Durable goods................................................................... 40.6 40.6 40.7 40.9

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.0 39.7 39.6 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.1 33.2 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.4 34.3 34.5 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.4 38.5 38.8 38.8

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.4 31.3 31.4 31.3

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.6 38.4 38.3 38.5

Utilities............................................................................ 41.7 41.6 42.3 42.3

Information.......................................................................... 36.8 36.3 36.6 36.8

Financial activities................................................................. 37.0 37.1 37.4 37.3

Professional and business services............................................. 35.8 35.7 35.8 35.8

Education and health services................................................... 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.6

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 25.9 25.8 25.8 25.9

Other services...................................................................... 31.7 31.5 31.6 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2

Durable goods........................................................................ 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.2

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Total private................................................. $22.77 $23.08 $23.14 $23.19 $ 781.01 $ 789.34 $ 793.70 $ 795.42

Goods-producing........................................ 24.20 24.45 24.52 24.58 963.16 973.11 978.35 983.20

Mining and logging................................... 27.71 28.06 28.28 28.23 1,208.16 1,240.25 1,252.80 1,267.53

Construction........................................... 25.25 25.48 25.50 25.48 964.55 973.34 981.75 973.34

Manufacturing......................................... 23.49 23.72 23.79 23.90 949.00 955.92 958.74 967.95

Durable goods...................................... 24.95 25.27 25.33 25.48 1,012.97 1,025.96 1,030.93 1,042.13

Nondurable goods................................. 21.11 21.12 21.18 21.23 844.40 838.46 838.73 849.20

Private service-providing............................... 22.43 22.76 22.81 22.86 744.68 753.36 757.29 758.95

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 19.79 20.05 20.07 20.11 680.78 687.72 692.42 691.78

Wholesale trade.................................... 26.29 26.31 26.31 26.43 1,009.54 1,012.94 1,020.83 1,025.48

Retail trade.......................................... 15.63 15.76 15.79 15.81 490.78 493.29 495.81 494.85

Transportation and warehousing................. 21.16 21.89 21.84 21.81 816.78 840.58 836.47 839.69

Utilities............................................... 32.84 33.74 34.00 33.97 1,369.43 1,403.58 1,438.20 1,436.93

Information............................................. 31.03 31.43 31.29 31.25 1,141.90 1,140.91 1,145.21 1,150.00

Financial activities.................................... 27.38 27.82 27.94 28.01 1,013.06 1,032.12 1,044.96 1,044.77

Professional and business services................ 27.47 27.85 27.91 28.02 983.43 994.25 999.18 1,003.12

Education and health services...................... 23.15 23.63 23.67 23.73 759.32 772.70 774.01 773.60

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.12 13.23 13.27 13.28 339.81 341.33 342.37 343.95

Other services......................................... 20.36 20.52 20.53 20.55 645.41 646.38 648.75 651.44

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2011 -

Oct.

2011p

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2011 -

Oct.

2011p

Total private....................................... 92.6 93.6 94.1 94.2 0.1 100.5 103.0 103.8 104.1 0.3

Goods-producing............................... 80.6 82.0 82.3 82.5 0.2 88.2 90.6 91.2 91.6 0.4

Mining and logging.......................... 100.6 111.1 112.1 114.3 2.0 111.9 125.2 127.2 129.5 1.8

Construction.................................. 72.6 72.6 73.6 72.7 -1.2 79.6 80.4 81.5 80.5 -1.2

Manufacturing................................ 83.9 85.2 85.2 85.7 0.6 91.6 94.0 94.3 95.2 1.0

Durable goods............................ 81.1 83.5 83.8 84.3 0.6 89.9 93.8 94.2 95.4 1.3

Nondurable goods........................ 88.7 88.2 87.8 88.6 0.9 95.0 94.5 94.4 95.4 1.1

Private service-providing...................... 95.9 96.9 97.4 97.5 0.1 104.2 106.9 107.6 108.0 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 92.2 93.0 93.6 93.5 -0.1 98.2 100.4 101.1 101.2 0.1

Wholesale trade........................... 91.6 93.2 93.8 94.0 0.2 100.5 102.3 103.0 103.6 0.6

Retail trade................................ 92.2 92.7 93.1 92.9 -0.2 95.3 96.6 97.2 97.1 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 92.7 93.9 93.8 94.5 0.7 99.5 104.4 103.9 104.5 0.6

Utilities..................................... 99.2 99.4 101.4 101.3 -0.1 107.6 110.8 113.9 113.7 -0.2

Information................................... 90.6 87.1 88.9 89.3 0.4 100.1 97.5 99.1 99.3 0.2

Financial activities........................... 92.9 93.1 93.7 93.5 -0.2 99.3 101.1 102.2 102.3 0.1

Professional and business services....... 94.4 96.8 97.3 97.5 0.2 105.0 109.2 110.1 110.7 0.5

Education and health services............. 105.1 106.6 106.9 106.8 -0.1 114.0 118.0 118.6 118.7 0.1

Leisure and hospitality...................... 96.6 97.5 97.6 98.1 0.5 102.3 104.0 104.4 105.1 0.7

Other services............................... 95.2 95.2 95.5 95.8 0.3 110.0 110.9 111.3 111.7 0.4

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Total nonfarm............................................... 64,609 64,911 64,952 65,018 49.7 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private.............................................. 51,950 52,376 52,431 52,491 48.2 47.9 47.9 47.9

Goods-producing...................................... 4,057 4,053 4,052 4,049 22.8 22.4 22.4 22.4

Mining and logging................................. 99 107 107 109 13.5 13.4 13.3 13.5

Construction........................................ 710 709 711 710 12.9 12.8 12.8 12.9

Manufacturing....................................... 3,248 3,237 3,234 3,230 28.1 27.5 27.5 27.5

Durable goods................................... 1,714 1,716 1,714 1,711 24.2 23.5 23.4 23.4

Nondurable goods............................... 1,534 1,521 1,520 1,519 34.5 34.2 34.2 34.2

Private service-providing............................. 47,893 48,323 48,379 48,442 53.3 53.0 53.0 53.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,000 10,006 9,989 10,000 40.5 40.1 40.0 40.0

Wholesale trade................................. 1,642.9 1,670.0 1,668.5 1,668.1 30.0 30.1 30.1 30.1

Retail trade....................................... 7,217.8 7,194.7 7,185.9 7,194.6 49.9 49.3 49.2 49.2

Transportation and warehousing.............. 1,002.6 1,006.6 1,000.0 1,003.1 23.9 23.5 23.4 23.4

Utilities............................................ 136.3 134.4 134.6 134.4 24.8 24.3 24.3 24.3

Information.......................................... 1,095 1,076 1,081 1,079 40.6 41.0 40.6 40.6

Financial activities.................................. 4,468 4,439 4,425 4,419 58.7 58.3 58.2 58.1

Professional and business services............. 7,456 7,656 7,675 7,705 44.5 44.4 44.4 44.5

Education and health services................... 15,181 15,373 15,413 15,433 77.1 76.7 76.7 76.7

Leisure and hospitality............................. 6,826 6,890 6,916 6,928 52.2 52.0 52.2 52.2

Other services...................................... 2,867 2,883 2,880 2,878 52.9 52.8 52.8 52.8

Government.............................................. 12,659 12,535 12,521 12,527 56.8 56.9 56.9 57.0

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Total private................................................................................ 88,785 90,034 90,227 90,319

Goods-producing........................................................................ 12,809 13,020 13,047 13,044

Mining and logging................................................................... 550 601 603 607

Construction........................................................................... 4,187 4,171 4,195 4,182

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,072 8,248 8,249 8,255

Durable goods...................................................................... 4,846 5,010 5,011 5,022

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,226 3,238 3,238 3,233

Private service-providing............................................................... 75,976 77,014 77,180 77,275

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 20,880 21,123 21,143 21,168

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,373.3 4,446.3 4,440.7 4,448.4

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,445.8 12,552.2 12,574.5 12,582.0

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,620.3 3,683.4 3,686.2 3,697.2

Utilities............................................................................... 440.9 441.2 441.4 440.0

Information............................................................................ 2,167 2,100 2,137 2,135

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,856 5,823 5,821 5,829

Professional and business services................................................ 13,724 14,184 14,218 14,241

Education and health services...................................................... 17,275 17,548 17,596 17,626

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 11,535 11,672 11,699 11,707

Other services........................................................................ 4,539 4,564 4,566 4,569

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.7

Goods-producing..................................................................... 40.6 40.8 40.8 40.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.6 46.3 46.7 47.1

Construction........................................................................ 38.9 39.0 39.0 38.9

Manufacturing...................................................................... 41.2 41.3 41.3 41.5

Durable goods................................................................... 41.4 41.7 41.8 41.8

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.9 40.6 40.7 40.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 33.4 33.6 33.6 33.7

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.2 38.4 38.6 38.7

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.2 30.4 30.4 30.5

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 37.4 37.7 37.6 37.7

Utilities............................................................................ 42.6 42.0 42.2 42.3

Information.......................................................................... 36.3 35.9 36.1 36.2

Financial activities................................................................. 36.3 36.3 36.5 36.6

Professional and business services............................................. 35.3 35.1 35.2 35.2

Education and health services................................................... 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.4

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.9 24.7 24.7 24.9

Other services...................................................................... 30.8 30.7 30.7 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.2

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Total private................................................. $19.23 $19.47 $19.50 $19.53 $ 644.21 $ 652.25 $ 655.20 $ 658.16

Goods-producing........................................ 20.41 20.71 20.68 20.74 828.65 844.97 843.74 848.27

Mining and logging................................... 23.86 24.54 24.41 24.47 1,064.16 1,136.20 1,139.95 1,152.54

Construction........................................... 23.38 23.79 23.74 23.72 909.48 927.81 925.86 922.71

Manufacturing......................................... 18.71 18.92 18.91 19.01 770.85 781.40 780.98 788.92

Durable goods...................................... 19.88 20.08 20.07 20.20 823.03 837.34 838.93 844.36

Nondurable goods................................. 16.92 17.07 17.06 17.11 692.03 693.04 694.34 699.80

Private service-providing............................... 18.98 19.21 19.25 19.28 613.05 620.48 623.70 626.60

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 16.99 17.15 17.19 17.24 567.47 576.24 577.58 580.99

Wholesale trade.................................... 21.82 21.98 21.99 22.06 833.52 844.03 848.81 853.72

Retail trade.......................................... 13.38 13.46 13.47 13.56 404.08 409.18 409.49 413.58

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.22 19.52 19.62 19.58 718.83 735.90 737.71 738.17

Utilities............................................... 30.38 30.94 31.19 30.91 1,294.19 1,299.48 1,316.22 1,307.49

Information............................................. 26.22 26.53 26.66 26.74 951.79 952.43 962.43 967.99

Financial activities.................................... 21.68 21.75 21.86 21.92 786.98 789.53 797.89 802.27

Professional and business services................ 23.00 23.14 23.14 23.22 811.90 812.21 814.53 817.34

Education and health services...................... 20.33 20.83 20.85 20.86 656.66 672.81 675.54 675.86

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.30 11.47 11.45 11.44 281.37 283.31 282.82 284.86

Other services......................................... 17.19 17.25 17.27 17.28 529.45 529.58 530.19 532.22

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2011 -

Oct.

2011p

Oct.

2010

Aug.

2011

Sept.

2011p

Oct.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2011 -

Oct.

2011p

Total private....................................... 99.4 100.8 101.3 101.7 0.4 127.7 131.1 132.0 132.7 0.5

Goods-producing............................... 79.5 81.2 81.3 81.5 0.2 99.3 102.9 103.0 103.5 0.5

Mining and logging.......................... 130.4 147.9 149.6 151.9 1.5 180.9 211.0 212.4 216.2 1.8

Construction.................................. 81.6 81.4 81.9 81.5 -0.5 103.0 104.6 105.0 104.3 -0.7

Manufacturing................................ 76.3 78.2 78.2 78.6 0.5 93.4 96.7 96.7 97.7 1.0

Durable goods............................ 75.4 78.5 78.7 78.9 0.3 93.5 98.4 98.6 99.5 0.9

Nondurable goods........................ 77.7 77.5 77.6 77.9 0.4 93.0 93.4 93.6 94.2 0.6

Private service-providing...................... 104.9 106.4 106.9 107.4 0.5 136.5 140.1 141.1 142.0 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 97.2 98.9 99.0 99.4 0.4 117.8 121.0 121.4 122.3 0.7

Wholesale trade........................... 98.4 100.5 100.9 101.4 0.5 126.5 130.2 130.8 131.7 0.7

Retail trade................................ 95.1 96.6 96.8 97.1 0.3 109.1 111.4 111.7 112.9 1.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 101.9 104.5 104.3 104.9 0.6 124.3 129.4 129.9 130.3 0.3

Utilities..................................... 96.1 94.8 95.3 95.2 -0.1 121.8 122.4 124.0 122.8 -1.0

Information................................... 89.8 86.1 88.1 88.2 0.1 116.6 113.0 116.2 116.8 0.5

Financial activities........................... 101.7 101.2 101.7 102.1 0.4 136.4 136.0 137.4 138.4 0.7

Professional and business services....... 108.6 111.6 112.2 112.3 0.1 148.6 153.6 154.4 155.2 0.5

Education and health services............. 120.4 122.3 123.0 123.2 0.2 160.9 167.4 168.6 168.9 0.2

Leisure and hospitality...................... 105.3 105.7 105.9 106.8 0.8 135.1 137.6 137.7 138.8 0.8

Other services............................... 98.1 98.3 98.3 98.7 0.4 122.8 123.5 123.7 124.3 0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary