Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-11-0128 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Thursday, February 3, 2011 

Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • dprweb@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lpc

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS

Fourth Quarter and Annual Averages 2010, Preliminary

Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased at a 2.6 percent annual rate during the fourth quarter of 

2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This gain in productivity reflects increases of 4.5 percent 

in output and 1.8 percent in hours worked. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted 

annual rates.) Productivity increased 1.7 percent over the last four quarters (chart 1, table A). Annual average 

productivity increased 3.6 percent from 2009 to 2010 (table C). Quarterly measures provide information on 

business cycles whereas annual measures are compared to long-term trends.

Labor productivity is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of the combined hours worked of 

all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. 

Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses declined 0.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2010, as the increase in 

productivity (2.6 percent) outpaced the increase in hourly compensation (1.9 percent). BLS defines unit labor 

costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity; increases in hourly compensation tend to increase 

unit labor costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them. Over the last four quarters, unit labor costs 

declined 0.2 percent, as hourly compensation and productivity increased 1.5 percent and 1.7 percent, respectively

(chart 2, table A). Annual average unit labor costs fell 1.5 percent from 2009 to 2010 (table C). 

Data in this release do not reflect the annual benchmark revision of the BLS Current Employment Statistics 

program data to be released February 4, 2011. This benchmark will be incorporated in our next release on March 

3, 2011.

Chart 1. Output per hour, nonfarm business, all persons, 

2005Q1 – 2010Q4

-9.0

-7.0

-5.0

-3.0

-1.0

1.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

9.0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

From previous quarter, annual rate

From same quarter a year ago

-9.0

-7.0

-5.0

-3.0

-1.0

1.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

9.0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

From previous quarter, annual rate

From same quarter a year ago

Percent change Percent change

Chart 2. Unit labor costs, nonfarm business, all persons, 

2005Q1 – 2010Q4
-2- 

Manufacturing sector productivity grew 5.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2010, as output rose 3.7 percent and 

hours worked declined 2.0 percent. From the fourth quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2010, manufacturing 

productivity increased 3.6 percent as output increased 6.4 percent and hours rose 2.7 percent (table A). Unit labor 

costs in manufacturing fell 2.9 percent in the fourth quarter of 2010 and decreased 3.0 percent from the same 

quarter a year ago (table A). Annual average productivity grew 6.0 percent from 2009 to 2010. 

The data sources and methods used in the preparation of the manufacturing output series differ from those used in 

preparing the business and nonfarm business output series, and these measures are not directly comparable. See 

Technical Notes for further information on data sources (page 4). 

Table C presents Annual Averages for the most recent five years. The nonfarm business sector experienced

productivity growth of 3.6 percent from 2009 to 2010 and 3.5 percent from 2008 to 2009. However, the 2010 

increase in output per hour was due to a 3.7 percent increase in output as hours edged up 0.1 percent, whereas the 

2009 productivity gain resulted when output fell 3.8 percent and hours fell 7.0 percent. In both years, strong 

productivity growth in nonfarm business was accompanied by declines in unit labor costs. By contrast the 

previous three years (2006-2008) were marked by modest productivity gains and increases in unit labor costs of 

more than two percent. 

In the manufacturing sector, productivity grew 6.0 percent in 2010, the largest annual increase in output per hour 

since 2003, when output per hour increased 6.3 percent. The 2010 productivity gain reflected a 6.6 percent 

increase in output combined with a 0.6 percent increase in hours. Productivity grew 8.2 percent in durable goods 

manufacturing and 3.5 percent in nondurable goods industries (tables 4 and 5). Unit labor costs in the 

manufacturing sector fell 4.5 percent—the largest decline in annual manufacturing unit labor costs since the series 

began in 1988. 

Revised measures

Revised and previous measures for the third quarter of 2010 are found in tables B and D and cover the following 

major sectors: nonfarm business, business, manufacturing and nonfinancial corporations. 

In the third quarter of 2010, productivity growth was revised up to 2.4 percent in the nonfarm business sector 

and 1.4 percent in the manufacturing sector, when compared to the estimate published on December 1 (table B). In 

both sectors, output was revised up while hours were unrevised. Unit labor costs for the nonfarm business sector 

declined 0.1 percent in the third quarter, as previously reported. The increase in manufacturing unit labor costs 

was revised down to 0.1 percent from 1.0 percent. In the nonfinancial corporate sector productivity was revised 

down due to a downward revision in output; hours were revised down slightly (table D). 

Nonfinancial corporate sector data have been historically revised to incorporate the December 22, 2010 release by 

the Bureau of Economic Analysis of revised data on gross product in billions of chained (2005) dollars. 

Quarterly and annual data for all sectors from 2008 to 2010 appear in tables 1-6 and revised historical annual data 

for the nonfinancial corporate sector in appendix table 1. Full historical measures can be found on the productivity 

and costs home page http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data. 

___________

The revised Productivity and Costs press release for fourth-quarter 2010 is scheduled to be 

released on Thursday, March 3, 2011 at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
-3- 

Table A. Preliminary fourth-quarter 2010 measures: percent change from previous quarter, annual rate (Q to Q) and from same quarter a year 

ago (Y to Y) 

Sector

 Nonfarm

 Business Business Manufacturing

 Durable

 Manufacturing

 Nondurable

 Manufacturing

Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y

Productivity 2.6 1.7 2.4 1.7 5.8 3.6 6.0 5.0 5.8 2.5

Output 4.5 3.7 4.3 3.7 3.7 6.4 4.1 8.8 3.2 3.8

Hours 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 -2.0 2.7 -1.7 3.6 -2.4 1.2

Hourly compensation 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.5 2.8 0.5 2.9 0.9 2.5 -0.4

Real hourly compensation -0.6 0.3 -0.8 0.3 0.2 -0.7 0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -1.6

Unit labor costs -0.6 -0.2 -0.6 -0.2 -2.9 -3.0 -2.9 -3.9 -3.1 -2.9

Table B. Revised and previous measures, third quarter 2010 

Sector

 Nonfarm

 Business Business Manufacturing

 Durable

 Manufacturing

 Nondurable

 Manufacturing

Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous

Percent change, annual rate

Productivity 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.5 1.4 0.6 0.1 -0.5 4.2 3.2

Output 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 5.0 4.2 6.7 6.0 3.1 2.2

Hours 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 3.6 3.6 6.6 6.5 -1.0 -0.9

Hourly compensation 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.5 1.5 1.6 0.7 0.8 2.2 2.4

Real hourly compensation 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.0 0.1 -0.8 -0.7 0.7 0.9

Unit labor costs -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.6 1.3 -1.9 -0.7

Table C. Annual average changes in productivity and related measures, 2006-2010 

Sector Nonfarm Business Manufacturing

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Productivity 0.9 1.6 1.0 3.5 3.6 0.8 4.2 -0.3 2.0 6.0

Output 3.1 2.1 -1.1 -3.8 3.7 1.5 2.4 -4.4 -10.8 6.6

Hours 2.2 0.5 -2.1 -7.0 0.1 0.8 -1.7 -4.0 -12.6 0.6

Hourly compensation 3.8 4.0 3.3 1.9 2.0 2.0 3.3 4.0 5.2 1.2

Real hourly compensation 0.5 1.1 -0.5 2.2 0.3 -1.2 0.4 0.1 5.6 -0.5

Unit labor costs 2.8 2.4 2.2 -1.6 -1.5 1.2 -0.9 4.3 3.1 -4.5

Table D. Nonfinancial corporations: revised third-quarter 2010 productivity and cost measures

Productivity Output Hours

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs Unit profits

Implicit price 

deflator

Percent change, annual rate

Revised -3.5 -1.4 2.2 2.3 0.8 6.0 1.6 4.7

Previous -2.4 -0.2 2.3 2.2 0.7 4.7 8.8 4.6
-4- 

 

TECHNICAL NOTES

Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours for all persons 

working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The 

primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in 

nonfarm establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid hours of production and 

nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using 

data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for 

this purpose, was used for earlier years. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average 

weekly hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS. 

Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and nonfarm unpaid family 

workers. Estimates of labor input for government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and 

the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

(BEA) of the Department of Commerce.

The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or more establishments at 

each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS features measures of employment that count each person 

only once and classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at all jobs by that 

person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS also collects more detailed information on 

employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity 

measures use the more detailed information on employment and hours to assign all hours worked to the 

correct industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours data from the CES. 

Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from 

gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and 

private households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in 

labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 75 percent of the value of GDP in 2009. Nonfarm 

business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 74 percent of GDP in 2009. 

Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are 

constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the 

Census with deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price 

program and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and intrasector 

transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the index of industrial 

production prepared monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be 

consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. Durables include the 

following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product 

manufacturing; primary metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery 

manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing; electrical equipment and appliance 

manufacturing; transportation equipment manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing; 

and miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include: food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco 

product manufacturing; textile mills; textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied 

product manufacturing; paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities; petroleum and coal 

products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and rubber products manufacturing.

Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of 

the costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the following 

outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated 

business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other 

holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted 

for about 47 percent of the value of GDP in 2009. 

Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship between real output and the labor 

time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods 

and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work of all persons 

engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of 

production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; 
-5- 

 

capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of 

production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force. 

Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer 

contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, 

required for measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee 

compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general 

government, nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from compensation of domestic 

employees to derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of 

proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that 

proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor 

productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers. 

Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release describe the relationship between 

compensation per hour and productivity, or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of 

inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor 

productivity increases offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs. 

Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent 

changes from the previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the 

corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number series where 2005=100. Annual data 

are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous year. 

The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are 

rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated 

using index numbers to three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the BLS web site, 

www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity. 

(Telephone 202-691-5606 or email DPRWEB@BLS.GOV) 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service number: 1-800-877-8339.
-6- 

 

Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2010 ANNUAL 3.6 3.7 0.1 2.0 0.3 -1.5 4.7 1.0 

2010 IV 2.4 4.3 1.8 1.8 -0.8 -0.6 0.1 -0.3 

 III 2.6 r 3.8 r 1.1 r 2.6 r 1.1 r -0.1 r 5.6 r 2.3 r

 II -1.8 1.8 3.7 2.7 3.5 4.6 -0.4 2.5 

 I 3.5 5.0 1.4 -1.1 -2.6 -4.5 9.6 1.2 

2009 ANNUAL 3.5 -3.7 -6.9 1.8 2.2 -1.6 3.8 0.5 

2009 IV 6.1 6.5 0.3 1.5 -1.2 -4.4 5.2 -0.5 

 III 7.2 1.6 -5.3 3.8 0.0 -3.2 7.4 0.9 

 II 8.3 -0.3 -7.9 9.0 7.1 0.6 -2.9 -0.8 

 I 3.5 -6.2 -9.4 -3.6 -1.5 -6.9 13.6 0.8 

2008 ANNUAL 1.1 -0.9 -2.0 3.2 -0.6 2.1 1.4 1.8 

2008 IV -0.3 -9.3 -9.0 0.8 11.0 1.1 -7.9 -2.6 

 III -1.1 -6.1 -5.0 3.6 -2.6 4.8 5.7 5.1 

 II 1.2 -0.6 -1.8 0.1 -4.8 -1.1 12.3 4.0 

 I -0.9 -2.0 -1.1 4.5 -0.3 5.4 -5.7 0.9 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2010 ANNUAL 3.6 3.7 0.1 2.0 0.3 -1.5 4.7 1.0 

2010 IV 1.7 3.7 2.0 1.5 0.3 -0.2 3.6 1.4 

 III 2.6 4.3 r 1.6 1.4 0.2 -1.1 4.9 r 1.3 r

 II 3.7 3.7 0.0 1.7 -0.1 -1.9 5.4 1.0 

 I 6.3 3.2 -2.9 3.2 0.8 -2.9 4.7 0.2 

2009 ANNUAL 3.5 -3.7 -6.9 1.8 2.2 -1.6 3.8 0.5 

2009 IV 6.3 0.3 -5.6 2.5 1.0 -3.5 5.6 0.1 

 III 4.6 -3.7 -7.9 2.4 4.0 -2.2 2.2 -0.4 

 II 2.5 -5.5 -7.8 2.3 3.3 -0.2 1.8 0.6 

 I 0.8 -5.6 -6.3 0.2 0.3 -0.6 5.6 1.8 

2008 ANNUAL 1.1 -0.9 -2.0 3.2 -0.6 2.1 1.4 1.8 

2008 IV -0.3 -4.5 -4.3 2.2 0.6 2.5 0.8 1.8 

 III 0.5 -1.5 -2.0 3.4 -1.8 2.8 1.9 2.5 

 II 1.9 0.6 -1.2 3.3 -0.9 1.4 1.8 1.6 

 I 2.4 1.7 -0.6 3.9 -0.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2010 ANNUAL 111.1 104.1 93.7 115.8 103.7 104.2 116.8 109.2 

2010 IV 111.8 105.5 94.3 116.8 103.9 104.4 117.5 109.6 

 III 111.2 r 104.4 r 93.9 r 116.2 r 104.1 r 104.6 r 117.5 r 109.7 r

 II 110.4 103.4 93.7 115.5 103.8 104.6 115.9 109.1 

 I 111.0 103.0 92.8 114.7 102.9 103.4 116.0 108.4 

2009 ANNUAL 107.3 100.4 93.6 113.6 103.4 105.9 111.6 108.1 

2009 IV 110.0 101.7 92.5 115.1 103.6 104.6 113.4 108.1 

 III 108.4 100.1 92.4 114.6 103.9 105.8 112.0 108.2 

 II 106.5 99.8 93.7 113.6 103.9 106.6 110.0 108.0 

 I 104.4 99.8 95.6 111.2 102.1 106.5 110.8 108.2 

2008 ANNUAL 103.6 104.2 100.5 111.5 101.1 107.6 107.5 107.6 

2008 IV 103.5 101.4 98.0 112.2 102.5 108.4 107.3 108.0 

 III 103.6 103.9 100.3 112.0 99.9 108.1 109.6 108.7 

 II 103.9 105.6 101.6 111.0 100.6 106.8 108.1 107.3 

 I 103.6 105.7 102.1 111.0 101.8 107.1 105.0 106.3 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-7- 

 

Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2010 ANNUAL 3.6 3.7 0.1 2.0 0.3 -1.5 4.2 0.8 

2010 IV 2.6 4.5 1.8 1.9 -0.6 -0.6 -1.3 -0.9 

 III 2.4 r 3.8 r 1.4 2.3 r 0.8 -0.1 4.6 r 1.9 r

 II -1.8 1.6 3.5 2.9 3.7 4.9 -0.4 2.6 

 I 3.9 5.0 1.1 -0.9 -2.4 -4.6 9.8 1.2 

2009 ANNUAL 3.5 -3.8 -7.0 1.9 2.2 -1.6 4.6 0.8 

2009 IV 6.0 6.7 0.7 1.5 -1.1 -4.2 3.5 -1.1 

 III 7.0 1.4 -5.2 3.4 -0.3 -3.3 8.1 1.1 

 II 8.4 -0.2 -7.9 9.1 7.2 0.6 -2.9 -0.8 

 I 3.4 -6.4 -9.5 -3.7 -1.6 -6.9 15.4 1.4 

2008 ANNUAL 1.0 -1.1 -2.1 3.3 -0.5 2.2 1.2 1.8 

2008 IV -0.1 -9.5 -9.5 1.1 11.3 1.2 -6.5 -1.9 

 III -1.3 -6.2 -4.9 3.7 -2.6 5.0 6.0 5.4 

 II 1.2 -0.3 -1.5 -0.2 -5.1 -1.4 13.6 4.2 

 I -1.4 -2.5 -1.2 4.7 0.0 6.2 -7.0 0.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2010 ANNUAL 3.6 3.7 0.1 2.0 0.3 -1.5 4.2 0.8 

2010 IV 1.7 3.7 2.0 1.5 0.3 -0.2 3.1 1.2 

 III 2.6 r 4.3 1.7 1.4 0.2 -1.1 4.3 r 1.1 r

 II 3.7 3.7 0.0 1.7 -0.1 -1.9 5.2 0.9 

 I 6.3 3.2 -2.9 3.2 0.8 -2.9 4.5 0.1 

2009 ANNUAL 3.5 -3.8 -7.0 1.9 2.2 -1.6 4.6 0.8 

2009 IV 6.2 0.3 -5.6 2.5 1.0 -3.5 5.8 0.2 

 III 4.6 -3.8 -8.0 2.4 4.0 -2.2 3.2 0.0 

 II 2.5 -5.6 -8.0 2.4 3.4 -0.1 2.7 1.0 

 I 0.8 -5.7 -6.4 0.2 0.3 -0.6 6.8 2.2 

2008 ANNUAL 1.0 -1.1 -2.1 3.3 -0.5 2.2 1.2 1.8 

2008 IV -0.4 -4.7 -4.3 2.3 0.7 2.7 1.2 2.1 

 III 0.5 -1.7 -2.2 3.6 -1.6 3.1 1.6 2.5 

 II 1.9 0.5 -1.3 3.5 -0.8 1.6 1.4 1.5 

 I 2.2 1.6 -0.6 3.8 -0.3 1.6 0.7 1.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2010 ANNUAL 111.0 104.0 93.7 115.8 103.7 104.3 116.7 109.2 

2010 IV 111.8 105.4 94.3 116.8 103.9 104.5 117.0 109.4 

 III 111.0 r 104.3 r 93.9 r 116.2 r 104.0 r 104.6 r 117.4 r 109.7 r

 II 110.4 103.3 93.6 115.5 103.8 104.7 116.1 109.2 

 I 110.9 102.9 92.8 114.7 102.9 103.4 116.2 108.5 

2009 ANNUAL 107.2 100.3 93.5 113.5 103.3 105.9 111.9 108.3 

2009 IV 109.9 101.7 92.5 115.0 103.5 104.7 113.5 108.2 

 III 108.3 100.0 92.4 114.5 103.8 105.8 112.6 108.5 

 II 106.5 99.7 93.6 113.6 103.9 106.7 110.4 108.2 

 I 104.3 99.7 95.6 111.1 102.1 106.5 111.2 108.4 

2008 ANNUAL 103.6 104.2 100.6 111.5 101.1 107.6 107.0 107.4 

2008 IV 103.5 101.4 98.0 112.2 102.5 108.4 107.3 108.0 

 III 103.5 104.0 100.5 111.9 99.8 108.1 109.1 108.5 

 II 103.8 105.6 101.7 110.9 100.5 106.8 107.5 107.1 

 I 103.5 105.7 102.1 111.0 101.8 107.2 104.2 106.0 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-8- 

 

Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2010 ANNUAL 6.0 6.6 0.6 1.2 -0.5 -4.5 

2010 IV 5.8 3.7 -2.0 2.8 0.2 -2.9 

 III 1.4 r 5.0 r 3.6 1.5 r 0.0 r 0.1 r

 II 5.7 r 9.9 r 4.0 4.8 5.5 -0.8 r

 I 1.7 7.1 5.3 -6.5 -7.9 -8.1 

2009 ANNUAL 2.0 -10.8 -12.6 5.2 5.6 3.1 

2009 IV 8.1 7.2 -0.8 4.4 1.6 -3.5 

 III 16.9 10.9 -5.1 3.3 -0.4 -11.6 

 II 6.2 -8.5 -13.8 6.5 4.6 0.3 

 I -1.8 -20.9 -19.4 4.0 6.3 5.9 

2008 ANNUAL -0.3 -4.4 -4.0 4.0 0.1 4.3 

2008 IV -2.5 -18.3 -16.1 7.0 17.9 9.8 

 III -1.4 -10.3 -9.0 6.3 -0.1 7.8 

 II -6.5 -7.7 -1.4 3.4 -1.7 10.5 

 I -0.7 -2.6 -2.0 2.2 -2.4 2.9 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2010 ANNUAL 6.0 6.6 0.6 1.2 -0.5 -4.5 

2010 IV 3.6 6.4 2.7 0.5 -0.7 -3.0 

 III 4.2 r 7.3 r 3.0 0.9 r -0.3 -3.1 r

 II 7.9 8.8 r 0.8 1.4 -0.4 -6.1 

 I 8.1 3.9 -3.9 1.8 -0.6 -5.8 

2009 ANNUAL 2.0 -10.8 -12.6 5.2 5.6 3.1 

2009 IV 7.1 -3.7 -10.1 4.5 3.0 -2.4 

 III 4.4 -10.0 -13.8 5.2 6.9 0.8 

 II 0.1 -14.6 -14.7 5.9 7.0 5.9 

 I -3.1 -14.5 -11.8 5.2 5.3 8.5 

2008 ANNUAL -0.3 -4.4 -4.0 4.0 0.1 4.3 

2008 IV -2.8 -9.9 -7.3 4.7 3.1 7.7 

 III -1.2 -5.4 -4.3 5.1 -0.2 6.4 

 II 0.0 -2.6 -2.7 3.8 -0.5 3.8 

 I 2.6 0.6 -2.0 2.5 -1.7 -0.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2010 ANNUAL 113.1 94.5 83.5 116.6 104.4 103.0 

2010 IV 114.9 96.3 83.8 117.7 104.7 102.4 

 III 113.3 r 95.4 r 84.2 116.9 r 104.7 r 103.2 r

 II 112.9 r 94.3 r 83.5 116.5 104.7 103.2 r

 I 111.4 92.1 82.7 115.2 103.3 103.4 

2009 ANNUAL 106.8 88.7 83.0 115.2 104.9 107.9 

2009 IV 110.9 90.5 81.6 117.1 105.4 105.6 

 III 108.8 88.9 81.8 115.9 105.0 106.5 

 II 104.6 86.7 82.8 114.9 105.1 109.9 

 I 103.1 88.6 86.0 113.1 103.9 109.8 

2008 ANNUAL 104.7 99.4 95.0 109.5 99.3 104.6 

2008 IV 103.5 93.9 90.7 112.0 102.4 108.2 

 III 104.2 98.8 94.8 110.1 98.2 105.7 

 II 104.6 101.5 97.1 108.5 98.3 103.8 

 I 106.3 103.6 97.4 107.6 98.7 101.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-9- 

 

Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2010 ANNUAL 8.2 8.8 0.6 1.8 0.2 -5.8 

2010 IV 6.0 4.1 -1.7 2.9 0.3 -2.9 

 III 0.1 r 6.7 r 6.6 r 0.7 r -0.8 r 0.6 r

 II 11.9 15.4 3.1 8.6 9.4 -2.9 

 I 2.4 9.3 6.8 -7.8 -9.2 -10.0 

2009 ANNUAL -0.2 -15.3 -15.1 5.8 6.2 6.0 

2009 IV 8.7 8.0 -0.7 5.3 2.5 -3.1 

 III 25.8 17.2 -6.8 2.9 -0.8 -18.2 

 II 5.3 -14.3 -18.6 11.6 9.6 6.0 

 I -7.5 -28.8 -23.0 2.1 4.4 10.4 

2008 ANNUAL -1.6 -5.7 -4.2 3.5 -0.3 5.2 

2008 IV -10.5 -24.7 -15.9 6.6 17.4 19.1 

 III 1.3 -11.5 -12.7 7.3 0.9 5.9 

 II -10.1 -10.8 -0.8 3.8 -1.2 15.5 

 I -3.6 -3.5 0.1 -0.3 -4.8 3.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2010 ANNUAL 8.2 8.8 0.6 1.8 0.2 -5.8 

2010 IV 5.0 8.8 3.6 0.9 -0.3 -3.9 

 III 5.7 r 9.8 r 3.9 1.5 0.3 -3.9 r

 II 11.9 12.4 0.5 2.1 0.3 -8.8 

 I 10.2 4.3 -5.3 2.7 0.3 -6.7 

2009 ANNUAL -0.2 -15.3 -15.1 5.8 6.2 6.0 

2009 IV 7.4 -6.3 -12.7 5.4 3.9 -1.9 

 III 2.3 -14.3 -16.3 5.7 7.5 3.3 

 II -3.1 -20.2 -17.6 6.8 7.9 10.2 

 I -6.8 -19.4 -13.5 4.9 5.1 12.6 

2008 ANNUAL -1.6 -5.7 -4.2 3.5 -0.3 5.2 

2008 IV -5.9 -13.0 -7.6 4.3 2.7 10.8 

 III -1.8 -6.8 -5.1 4.9 -0.4 6.8 

 II -1.4 -3.9 -2.5 3.5 -0.7 5.0 

 I 2.9 1.0 -1.9 1.6 -2.5 -1.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2010 ANNUAL 114.5 92.7 81.0 118.3 105.9 103.3 

2010 IV 116.6 95.0 81.5 119.7 106.5 102.7 

 III 114.9 r 94.1 r 81.9 r 118.8 r 106.4 r 103.4 r

 II 114.9 r 92.6 r 80.6 118.6 106.6 103.3 r

 I 111.7 89.3 80.0 116.2 104.2 104.0 

2009 ANNUAL 105.9 85.3 80.5 116.2 105.8 109.7 

2009 IV 111.1 87.4 78.7 118.6 106.8 106.8 

 III 108.8 85.7 78.8 117.1 106.1 107.6 

 II 102.7 82.4 80.2 116.2 106.3 113.2 

 I 101.4 85.6 84.4 113.1 103.9 111.5 

2008 ANNUAL 106.1 100.6 94.8 109.9 99.6 103.5 

2008 IV 103.4 93.2 90.2 112.5 102.8 108.8 

 III 106.3 100.0 94.1 110.7 98.7 104.2 

 II 105.9 103.2 97.4 108.8 98.5 102.7 

 I 108.8 106.2 97.6 107.8 98.8 99.0 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-10- 

 

Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2010 ANNUAL 3.5 4.1 0.6 0.0 -1.7 -3.4 

2010 IV 5.8 3.2 -2.4 2.5 -0.1 -3.1 

 III 4.2 r 3.1 r -1.0 r 2.2 r 0.7 r -1.9 r

 II -1.3 r 4.0 r 5.3 -1.7 -1.0 -0.4 r

 I 1.6 4.8 3.1 -4.4 -5.8 -5.9 

2009 ANNUAL 3.0 -5.5 -8.3 4.8 5.2 1.7 

2009 IV 7.5 6.3 -1.2 2.7 0.0 -4.5 

 III 6.7 4.3 -2.2 4.5 0.8 -2.0 

 II 4.1 -1.5 -5.4 -1.1 -2.8 -5.0 

 I 2.5 -10.7 -12.9 8.4 10.8 5.7 

2008 ANNUAL 0.4 -3.3 -3.7 4.9 1.0 4.4 

2008 IV 7.8 -10.0 -16.6 7.8 18.7 0.0 

 III -7.1 -9.2 -2.3 5.2 -1.1 13.2 

 II -2.4 -4.6 -2.3 2.3 -2.7 4.8 

 I 3.0 -2.7 -5.5 6.9 2.1 3.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2010 ANNUAL 3.5 4.1 0.6 0.0 -1.7 -3.4 

2010 IV 2.5 3.8 1.2 -0.4 -1.6 -2.9 

 III 3.0 r 4.5 r 1.5 -0.3 -1.5 -3.2 r

 II 3.6 r 4.8 1.2 0.2 -1.5 -3.2 

 I 5.0 3.4 -1.5 0.4 -2.0 -4.4 

2009 ANNUAL 3.0 -5.5 -8.3 4.8 5.2 1.7 

2009 IV 5.2 -0.6 -5.5 3.6 2.0 -1.6 

 III 5.3 -4.7 -9.4 4.8 6.5 -0.4 

 II 1.7 -7.9 -9.5 5.0 6.0 3.2 

 I 0.1 -8.7 -8.7 5.9 6.1 5.8 

2008 ANNUAL 0.4 -3.3 -3.7 4.9 1.0 4.4 

2008 IV 0.2 -6.7 -6.9 5.5 3.9 5.3 

 III -1.7 -4.4 -2.8 5.7 0.4 7.5 

 II 1.2 -1.8 -3.0 4.3 0.0 3.0 

 I 1.9 -0.3 -2.2 4.1 -0.1 2.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2010 ANNUAL 109.4 96.3 88.0 114.1 102.2 104.3 

2010 IV 111.1 97.4 87.7 114.8 102.2 103.4 

 III 109.5 r 96.7 r 88.3 r 114.1 r 102.2 r 104.2 r

 II 108.4 r 95.9 r 88.5 113.5 102.0 104.7 r

 I 108.7 95.0 87.4 114.0 102.2 104.8 

2009 ANNUAL 105.7 92.4 87.4 114.1 103.9 108.0 

2009 IV 108.3 93.9 86.7 115.3 103.8 106.4 

 III 106.3 92.5 86.9 114.5 103.8 107.7 

 II 104.6 91.5 87.4 113.3 103.6 108.2 

 I 103.6 91.8 88.7 113.6 104.3 109.6 

2008 ANNUAL 102.6 97.8 95.4 108.9 98.7 106.1 

2008 IV 102.9 94.5 91.8 111.3 101.7 108.1 

 III 101.0 97.0 96.0 109.2 97.4 108.1 

 II 102.9 99.4 96.6 107.9 97.7 104.8 

 I 103.5 100.5 97.1 107.2 98.4 103.6 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-11- 

 

Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,

and prices, seasonally adjusted

 Real Unit

 Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit

Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price

and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator

quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2010 III -3.5 r -1.4 r 2.2 r 2.3 r 0.8 r 6.0 r 3.1 r 5.2 r 1.6 r 4.7 r

 II 0.1 4.4 4.3 2.1 2.8 2.0 -3.4 0.4 19.6 2.6 

 I 8.7 r 10.9 r 2.1 -0.9 -2.3 -8.8 r -8.5 r -8.7 r 64.4 r -2.2 r

2009 ANNUAL 1.8 r -5.8 r -7.5 2.2 2.6 0.4 r 2.5 r 1.0 r -2.7 r 0.6 r

2009 IV 12.8 r 13.2 r 0.3 1.4 -1.3 -10.2 r -8.4 r -9.6 r 37.8 r -5.6 r

 III 5.9 r 0.1 r -5.4 4.2 0.5 -1.5 r -8.3 r -3.6 r 20.5 r -1.5 r

 II 4.3 r -5.0 r -8.9 6.9 5.1 2.5 r -3.4 r 0.7 r -22.0 r -1.7 r

 I -4.2 r -14.7 r -11.0 -3.5 -1.4 0.7 r 7.8 r 2.8 r -5.2 r 1.9 r

2008 ANNUAL 0.3 r -1.4 r -1.7 3.5 -0.3 3.2 r 6.3 r 4.1 r -12.2 r 2.1 r

2008 IV 1.0 r -7.5 r -8.4 3.0 13.5 2.0 r 10.4 r 4.4 r -36.9 r -1.1 r

 III 4.3 r -1.3 r -5.3 4.5 -1.8 0.2 r 3.9 r 1.3 r 89.7 r 8.2 r

 II -1.6 r -3.6 r -2.1 1.9 -3.1 3.5 r 8.5 r 4.9 r -6.2 r 3.7 r

 I -3.1 r -3.4 r -0.4 2.8 -1.8 6.1 r 6.4 r 6.2 r -32.9 r 1.1 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2010 III 4.3 r 6.6 r 2.2 1.2 0.0 -3.0 r -4.4 r -3.4 r 28.8 r -0.2 r

 II 6.8 r 7.1 r 0.3 1.7 -0.1 -4.8 r -7.2 r -5.5 r 34.5 r -1.7 r

 I 7.9 r 4.5 r -3.1 2.9 0.4 -4.6 r -7.1 r -5.4 r 20.8 r -2.8 r

2009 ANNUAL 1.8 r -5.8 r -7.5 2.2 2.6 0.4 r 2.5 r 1.0 r -2.7 r 0.6 r

2009 IV 4.5 r -2.1 r -6.3 2.2 0.7 -2.2 r -3.3 r -2.5 r 5.3 r -1.8 r

 III 1.7 r -6.9 r -8.4 2.6 4.3 0.9 r 1.3 r 1.0 r -13.4 r -0.6 r

 II 1.3 r -7.2 r -8.4 2.6 3.7 1.3 r 4.6 r 2.3 r -3.0 r 1.8 r

 I -0.2 r -6.9 r -6.8 1.4 1.6 1.6 r 7.6 r 3.3 r 1.6 r 3.1 r

2008 ANNUAL 0.3 r -1.4 r -1.7 3.5 -0.3 3.2 r 6.3 r 4.1 r -12.2 r 2.1 r

2008 IV 0.1 r -4.0 r -4.1 3.0 1.5 2.9 r 7.3 r 4.2 r -6.8 r 2.9 r

 III 1.8 r -0.3 r -2.0 4.0 -1.2 2.2 r 4.6 r 2.9 r 2.7 r 2.9 r

 II -0.5 r -1.3 r -0.8 3.5 -0.7 4.0 r 7.0 r 4.9 r -22.2 r 1.4 r

 I -0.2 r -0.2 r 0.0 3.5 -0.7 3.7 r 6.3 r 4.4 r -20.1 r 1.3 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2010 III 108.7 r 102.8 r 94.6 r 114.9 r 102.9 r 105.7 r 112.6 r 107.6 r 108.4 r 107.7 r

 II 109.7 r 103.2 r 94.0 114.2 102.7 104.1 r 111.8 r 106.3 r 108.0 r 106.5 r

 I 109.7 r 102.0 r 93.1 113.7 102.0 103.6 r 112.7 r 106.2 r 103.3 r 105.8 r

2009 ANNUAL 104.0 r 97.4 r 93.7 112.5 102.4 108.2 r 118.7 r 111.1 r 85.3 r 107.9 r

2009 IV 107.4 r 99.4 r 92.6 113.9 102.5 106.0 r 115.3 r 108.6 r 91.2 r 106.4 r

 III 104.2 r 96.4 r 92.5 113.5 102.9 108.9 r 117.8 r 111.4 r 84.2 r 107.9 r

 II 102.7 r 96.4 r 93.8 112.3 102.8 109.3 r 120.4 r 112.4 r 80.3 r 108.4 r

 I 101.7 r 97.6 r 96.0 110.5 101.5 108.7 r 121.4 r 112.2 r 85.5 r 108.8 r

2008 ANNUAL 102.1 r 103.5 r 101.3 110.1 99.8 107.8 r 115.8 r 110.0 r 87.7 r 107.2 r

2008 IV 102.8 r 101.6 r 98.8 111.5 101.9 108.5 r 119.2 r 111.4 r 86.6 r 108.3 r

 III 102.5 r 103.5 r 101.0 110.6 98.7 108.0 r 116.2 r 110.3 r 97.2 r 108.6 r

 II 101.4 r 103.9 r 102.4 109.4 99.1 107.9 r 115.1 r 109.9 r 82.8 r 106.5 r

 I 101.8 r 104.8 r 103.0 108.9 99.9 107.0 r 112.8 r 108.6 r 84.1 r 105.5 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-12- 

 

SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S. 

Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal 

Reserve Board. Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau 

of Economic Analysis. 

RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more complete information 

becomes available. The measures are first published within 40 days of the close of the reference period; 

revisions appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the business sector, 

the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed 

from the initial value by between –1.7 and +1.5 index points approximately 95 percent of the time. This 

interval is based on the performance of this measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the third

quarter of 2010. 

Footnotes, Tables 1-6

(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private 

benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include 

an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed.

(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers 

(CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2009 is based on the Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).

(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and 

imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, 

rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises. 

(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index. 

(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers to 

three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for 

convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual average indexes to three 

decimal places.

(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less 

subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments. 

(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs. 

(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption 

adjustments.
-13- 

 

Appendix table 1.

Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,

and prices

 Real Unit

 Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit

 per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price

 employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator

 Year hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

 2009 104.0 r 97.4 r 93.7 112.5 102.4 108.2 r 118.7 r 111.1 r 85.3 r 107.9 r

 2008 102.1 r 103.5 r 101.3 110.1 99.8 107.8 r 115.8 r 110.0 r 87.7 r 107.2 r

 2007 101.8 r 105.0 r 103.1 106.4 100.2 104.5 r 109.0 r 105.7 r 99.8 r 105.0 r

 2006 101.5 r 103.8 r 102.3 102.8 99.6 101.3 r 103.0 r 101.8 r 111.6 r 103.0 r

 2005 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

 2004 98.3 r 96.5 r 98.2 96.9 100.2 98.6 r 95.7 r 97.8 r 88.0 r 96.6 r

 2003 95.3 r 92.3 r 96.9 94.7 100.6 99.5 r 96.8 r 98.7 r 66.0 r 94.6 r

 2002 91.7 r 90.1 r 98.3 90.7 98.4 98.9 r 97.0 r 98.4 r 59.4 r 93.5 r

 2001 88.3 r 89.5 r 101.4 88.3 97.4 100.0 r 96.7 r 99.1 r 51.8 r 93.1 r

 2000 87.6 r 91.2 r 104.1 85.5 97.0 97.6 r 91.1 r 95.8 r 64.3 r 91.8 r

 1999 84.2 r 86.6 r 102.8 79.6 93.3 94.6 r 88.1 r 92.8 r 77.3 r 90.8 r

 1998 81.6 r 82.0 r 100.5 76.3 91.2 93.5 r 85.7 r 91.3 r 83.1 r 90.3 r

 1997 78.9 r 77.6 r 98.4 72.0 87.3 91.2 r 85.3 r 89.6 r 94.7 r 90.2 r

 1996 76.9 r 72.9 r 94.8 69.8 86.5 90.8 r 85.4 r 89.3 r 92.5 r 89.7 r

 1995 74.2 r 69.0 r 93.1 67.8 86.3 91.5 r 85.8 r 89.9 r 85.4 r 89.3 r

 1994 73.4 r 66.0 r 89.9 66.7 86.8 90.8 r 85.5 r 89.3 r 82.4 r 88.4 r

 1993 71.9 r 62.0 r 86.2 65.5 87.1 91.0 r 85.1 r 89.4 r 70.3 r 87.0 r

 1992 71.8 r 60.4 r 84.2 64.3 87.7 89.6 r 85.8 r 88.6 r 61.4 r 85.1 r

 1991 70.0 r 58.7 r 83.8 61.4 85.8 87.6 r 87.9 r 87.7 r 58.0 r 83.9 r

 1990 68.3 r 59.0 r 86.3 58.4 84.6 85.6 r 83.5 r 85.0 r 58.9 r 81.7 r

 1989 67.6 r 58.1 r 86.0 55.8 84.8 82.5 r 80.0 r 81.8 r 61.2 r 79.2 r

 1988 68.5 r 57.1 r 83.4 54.4 86.3 79.4 r 75.1 r 78.2 r 66.8 r 76.8 r

 1987 66.8 r 54.0 r 80.8 52.2 85.8 78.1 r 74.2 r 77.0 r 60.3 r 74.9 r

 1986 65.5 r 51.4 r 78.4 50.5 85.9 77.1 r 74.9 r 76.5 r 53.6 r 73.6 r

 1985 64.2 r 50.1 r 78.1 48.2 83.3 75.0 r 71.5 r 74.1 r 62.4 r 72.6 r

 1984 62.9 r 48.1 r 76.4 46.1 82.5 73.2 r 69.6 r 72.2 r 65.2 r 71.3 r

 1983 61.5 r 44.2 r 71.8 44.2 82.4 71.9 r 70.3 r 71.5 r 54.3 r 69.3 r

 1982 59.5 r 42.1 r 70.8 42.7 82.9 71.7 r 70.2 r 71.3 r 44.7 r 67.9 r

 1981 59.3 r 43.1 r 72.7 40.0 82.5 67.5 r 63.3 r 66.3 r 48.5 r 64.1 r

 1980 57.9 r 41.5 r 71.7 36.7 82.9 63.5 r 55.6 r 61.3 r 40.7 r 58.7 r

 1979 58.1 r 41.9 r 72.2 33.4 83.7 57.5 r 47.5 r 54.7 r 45.4 r 53.5 r

 1978 58.6 r 40.6 r 69.4 30.6 84.1 52.3 r 43.6 r 49.9 r 48.4 r 49.7 r

 1977 57.8 r 38.2 r 66.0 28.0 82.3 48.5 r 41.5 r 46.5 r 46.6 r 46.6 r

 1976 56.3 r 35.5 r 63.1 26.0 81.2 46.1 r 40.0 r 44.4 r 42.7 r 44.2 r

 1975 54.5 r 32.8 r 60.3 24.0 79.4 44.1 r 40.3 r 43.0 r 37.8 r 42.4 r

 1974 52.4 r 33.3 r 63.5 21.9 78.9 41.7 r 35.4 r 39.9 r 29.1 r 38.6 r

 1973 53.5 r 33.9 r 63.3 20.0 80.1 37.3 r 30.8 r 35.5 r 32.9 r 35.2 r

 1972 53.0 r 31.9 r 60.2 18.5 79.0 35.0 r 29.3 r 33.4 r 32.5 r 33.3 r

 1971 51.9 r 29.6 r 57.1 17.6 77.4 33.9 r 29.3 r 32.6 r 30.0 r 32.3 r

 1970 49.8 r 28.5 r 57.2 16.6 76.0 33.3 r 28.0 r 31.8 r 26.5 r 31.1 r

 1969 49.4 r 28.7 r 58.0 15.5 75.1 31.3 r 24.8 r 29.5 r 32.5 r 29.9 r

 1968 49.4 r 27.6 r 55.9 14.5 74.1 29.4 r 23.0 r 27.6 r 35.9 r 28.6 r

 1967 47.6 r 25.9 r 54.4 13.5 71.8 28.3 r 21.7 r 26.4 r 36.0 r 27.6 r

 1966 46.9 r 25.2 r 53.8 12.8 70.1 27.2 r 20.4 r 25.3 r 38.5 r 27.0 r

 1965 46.0 r 23.5 r 51.1 12.1 68.3 26.2 r 20.3 r 24.6 r 38.7 r 26.4 r

 1964 44.9 r 21.7 r 48.3 11.7 67.4 26.1 r 20.5 r 24.6 r 36.0 r 26.0 r

 1963 44.2 r 20.3 r 45.9 11.5 67.0 26.0 r 20.5 r 24.5 r 34.7 r 25.8 r

 1962 42.7 r 19.1 r 44.8 11.2 65.9 26.2 r 20.6 r 24.6 r 32.8 r 25.7 r

 1961 40.9 r 17.6 r 43.1 10.8 64.1 26.3 r 21.0 r 24.8 r 30.4 r 25.5 r

 1960 39.6 r 17.2 r 43.5 10.4 62.7 26.3 r 20.6 r 24.7 r 30.3 r 25.4 r

 1959 38.9 r 16.7 r 42.9 10.0 61.3 25.7 r 20.1 r 24.2 r 32.9 r 25.3 r

 1958 37.1 r 15.0 r 40.4 9.7 59.5 26.0 r 21.0 r 24.6 r 28.3 r 25.1 r

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics