For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, January 18, 2024 USDL-24-0067

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 4 states and increased in 2 states on the last business day of November, 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 5 states and increased in 1 

state. Total separations rates decreased in 9 states and increased in 3 states. Nationally, the job openings,

hires, and total separations rates showed little or no change in November.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 

layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In November, job openings rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 

44 states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in job openings rates occurred in Mississippi

(-1.3 percentage points), and in Florida, Georgia, and Tennessee (-0.6 point each). The increases 

occurred in Illinois (+1.0 point) and Colorado (+0.7 point). Over the month, the national job openings 

rate was unchanged. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 5 states, increased in 4 states, and was little changed in 41

states and the District of Columbia in November. The largest decreases in the job openings level

occurred in Florida (-66,000), Georgia (-36,000), and Tennessee (-22,000). The largest increases 

occurred in Texas (+67,000), Illinois (+65,000), and Colorado (+21,000). Nationally, the number of job 

openings changed little. (See table 1.)

Hires

In November, hires rates decreased in 5 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 44 states

and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in the hires rate occurred in Montana

(-1.0 percentage point), as well as in Arizona and Oregon (-0.7 point each). The increase occurred in 

Alaska (+0.9 point). The national hires rate changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires decreased in 6 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 43 states and 

the District of Columbia in November. The largest decreases in the hires level occurred in California

(-117,000), Arizona (-21,000), and Oregon (-16,000). The increase occurred in Alaska (+3,000). 

Nationally, the number of hires decreased over the month (-363,000). (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Total Separations

In November, total separations rates decreased in 9 states, increased in 3 states, and were little 

changed in 38 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in total separations rates

occurred in Louisiana (-1.2 percentage points), as well as in Maine and New Jersey (-1.1 points each).

The increases occurred in South Dakota (+1.3 points), North Dakota (+1.2 points), and Washington

(+0.6 point). Over the month, the national total separations rate changed little. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 11 states, increased in 4 states, and was little changed in 

35 states and the District of Columbia in November. The largest decreases in the total separations level 

occurred in Pennsylvania (-60,000), New Jersey (-47,000), and North Carolina (-45,000). The largest 

increases occurred in Washington (+21,000), as well as in Idaho and South Dakota (+6,000 each).

Nationally, the number of total separations decreased over the month (-292,000). (See table 3.)

Quits

In November, quits rates decreased in 5 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 43 states 

and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in North Carolina and 

Tennessee (-0.9 percentage point each) and in Maryland (-0.5 point). The increases occurred in South 

Dakota (+1.0 point) and Michigan (+0.4 point). Over the month, the national quits rate changed little. 

(See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 5 states, increased in 3 states, and was little changed in 42 states and 

the District of Columbia in November. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in North 

Carolina (-43,000), Tennessee (-28,000), and Georgia (-21,000). The increases occurred in Kansas

(+7,000), Idaho (+6,000), and South Dakota (+5,000). Nationally, the number of quits edged down over 

the month. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In November, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 7 states, increased in 1 state, and were little 

changed in 42 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates 

occurred in Maine (-1.4 percentage points) and New Jersey (-1.1 points), as well as in New Hampshire 

and Pennsylvania (-0.7 point each). The increase occurred in Indiana (+0.4 point). Over the month, the 

national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 10 states, increased in 1 state, and was little 

changed in 39 states and the District of Columbia in November. The largest decreases in the layoffs and 

discharges level occurred in New Jersey (-48,000), Pennsylvania (-45,000), and Louisiana (-10,000).

The increase occurred in Indiana (+13,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little 

changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 

charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#. 

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for December 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, February 14, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for 

job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and

total separations. The JOLTS program covers all 

private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data 

for January 2023, industries are classified in 

accordance with the 2022 North American Industry 

Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can be 

full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, 

short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether or 

not the employer can find a suitable candidate 

during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers from 

outside the establishment to fill the position. 

Active recruiting means that the establishment is 

taking steps to fill a position. It may include 

advertising in newspapers, on television, or on 

the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking, or making “word-ofmouth” announcements; accepting applications; 

interviewing candidates; contacting employment 

agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, 

state or local employment offices, or similar 

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work; and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season).

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Other separations comprise 

less than 8 percent of total separations. Other 

separations rates are generally very low, and other 

separations variance estimates are relatively high. 

Consequently, the other separations component is not 

published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the 

same location; employees on strike; employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The 

separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges

rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. The JOLTS sample of 

21,000 establishments does not directly support the 

production of sample-based state estimates. However, 

state estimates have been produced by combining the 

available sample with model-based estimates. 

 The state estimates consist of four major 

estimating models; the Composite Regional model

(an unpublished intermediate model), the Synthetic

model (an unpublished intermediate model), the 

Composite Synthetic model (published historical 

series through the most current benchmark year), and 

the Extended Composite Synthetic model (published 

current-year monthly series). The Composite 

Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS 

regional published estimates, and Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The 

Composite Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata 

and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly 

employment changes in microdata from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and 

JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 

Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite 

Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite 

Synthetic model by the ratio of the current Composite 

Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional 

model estimate from the previous year. 

 The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and 

its major component—the Composite Regional 

model) is used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

estimates because all of the inputs required by this 

model are available at the time monthly estimate are 

produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model 

(and its major component—the Synthetic model) can 

only be produced when the latest QCEW data are 

available. The Extended Composite Synthetic model 

estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

model estimates during the annual JOLTS retabulation process. The extension of the Composite 

Synthetic model using current data-based Composite 

Regional model estimates ensures that the Composite 

Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic 

trends. 

 The Composite Regional approach calculates 

state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata 

using sample weights and the adjustments for nonresponse. The Composite Regional estimate is then 

benchmarked to CES state-supersector employment 

to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS

sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 

sample for each state-supersector cell. The small 

JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 

cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable 

estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level 

estimates derived directly from the JOLTS sample 

are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when 

the number of respondents is low (that is, less than 

30). This approach is known as a composite estimate,

which leverages the small JOLTS sample to the 

greatest extent possible and supplements that with a 

model-based estimate. Previous research has found 

that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at 

finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 

make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the

regional-level using only national industry-level 

JOLTS rates. The assumption in this approach is that 

one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates 

at the state-level using only regional industry-level 

JOLTS rates.)

 In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based 

estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all 

state-supersector cells that have 30 or more 

respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be 

used, without a sample-based component, in all statesupersector cells that have fewer than five 

respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5 to 30 
respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a 

composition of a weighted estimate of the microdatabased estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS 

regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS 

data in those cells is proportional the number of 

JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n∕30, where n 

is the number of respondents). The sum of state 

estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned 

regional JOLTS published regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal 

adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to 

seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all 

relevant data, up to and including the current month, 

to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving 

averages are used as seasonal filters in seasonal 

adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes 

both additive and multiplicative models, as well as 

regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) 

modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The 

JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from 

three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 

These state estimates are published as a historical 

series made up of a historical annually revised 

benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic 

model and a current component of the Extended 

Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly 

"real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual 

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations 

quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by 

dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 

levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a 

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. For sampling error estimates, see

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for 

both sampling error and the error attributable to 

modeling. A small area domain model uses a 

Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS 

state variance. The small area model uses QCEWbased JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a 

Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior 
distribution using JOLTS microdata and samplebased variance estimates at the state and US Census 

regional level to generate a Bayesian posterior 

distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution 

has been generated, estimates of JOLTS state 

variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from 

the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian 

approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error 

and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 10,746 9,497 9,350 8,852 8,790 -62 6.5 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.3 0.0

Alabama.................................. 155 137 138 122 117 -5 6.8 6.0 6.0 5.4 5.1 -0.3

Alaska..................................... 32 32 26 25 27 2 9.0 8.9 7.4 7.1 7.6 0.5

Arizona.................................... 229 192 193 184 191 7 6.8 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.7 0.2

Arkansas.................................. 99 90 88 81 77 -4 6.9 6.2 6.1 5.6 5.4 -0.2

California................................. 1,232 961 867 800 775 -25 6.4 5.0 4.6 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Colorado.................................. 217 197 202 211 232 21 7.0 6.3 6.5 6.7 7.4 0.7

Connecticut............................... 115 96 102 88 85 -3 6.4 5.4 5.7 4.9 4.8 -0.1

Delaware................................. 36 33 33 30 28 -2 7.0 6.4 6.3 5.8 5.4 -0.4

District of Columbia..................... 45 39 43 37 37 0 5.5 4.8 5.2 4.5 4.5 0.0

Florida..................................... 678 616 606 590 524 -66 6.6 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.1 -0.6

Georgia................................... 416 333 353 333 297 -36 7.9 6.3 6.7 6.3 5.7 -0.6

Hawaii..................................... 34 35 32 30 30 0 5.1 5.2 4.8 4.5 4.5 0.0

Idaho...................................... 65 54 55 56 54 -2 7.2 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.9 -0.2

Illinois..................................... 411 428 371 326 391 65 6.3 6.5 5.7 5.0 6.0 1.0

Indiana.................................... 213 170 168 165 165 0 6.2 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 0.0

Iowa....................................... 116 90 83 90 88 -2 6.8 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.2 -0.2

Kansas.................................... 95 88 81 79 86 7 6.2 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.6 0.4

Kentucky.................................. 158 126 131 118 112 -6 7.4 5.9 6.1 5.5 5.2 -0.3

Louisiana................................. 166 140 148 122 112 -10 7.9 6.6 7.0 5.8 5.4 -0.4

Maine..................................... 43 42 45 44 44 0 6.2 6.1 6.5 6.3 6.3 0.0

Maryland.................................. 200 180 183 173 172 -1 6.9 6.1 6.2 5.9 5.9 0.0

Massachusetts........................... 250 251 255 239 226 -13 6.3 6.2 6.3 5.9 5.6 -0.3

Michigan.................................. 289 242 242 234 252 18 6.2 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.4 0.4

Minnesota................................ 193 203 201 192 209 17 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.0 6.5 0.5

Mississippi................................ 91 82 83 88 71 -17 7.2 6.6 6.6 7.0 5.7 -1.3

Missouri................................... 200 182 180 176 173 -3 6.3 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 -0.1

Montana.................................. 42 36 36 36 36 0 7.6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.4 -0.1

Nebraska................................. 66 62 59 55 61 6 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0 5.5 0.5

Nevada.................................... 100 97 99 88 91 3 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.3 5.5 0.2

New Hampshire.......................... 50 44 44 41 38 -3 6.7 5.9 5.9 5.5 5.1 -0.4

New Jersey............................... 221 220 228 215 219 4 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.7 4.8 0.1

New Mexico.............................. 69 61 57 56 60 4 7.5 6.6 6.1 6.0 6.4 0.4

New York................................. 460 461 466 457 454 -3 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 0.0

North Carolina........................... 372 341 312 290 283 -7 7.1 6.5 5.9 5.5 5.4 -0.1

North Dakota............................. 31 29 28 28 29 1 6.7 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.2 0.2

Ohio....................................... 361 352 354 338 328 -10 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.5 -0.1

Oklahoma................................. 132 115 113 105 103 -2 7.1 6.2 6.1 5.7 5.6 -0.1

Oregon.................................... 137 114 116 112 108 -4 6.5 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.1 -0.2

Pennsylvania............................. 450 386 380 390 380 -10 6.9 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.8 -0.1

Rhode Island............................. 34 31 31 31 29 -2 6.4 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.5 -0.4

South Carolina........................... 182 170 172 164 161 -3 7.4 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.5 -0.1

South Dakota............................ 28 30 28 27 29 2 5.8 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.8 0.3

Tennessee................................ 266 235 293 215 193 -22 7.5 6.6 8.1 6.1 5.5 -0.6

Texas..................................... 926 809 795 742 809 67 6.3 5.5 5.4 5.0 5.4 0.4

Utah....................................... 114 121 102 97 87 -10 6.3 6.5 5.6 5.3 4.8 -0.5

Vermont................................... 23 18 20 19 19 0 7.0 5.6 6.1 5.8 5.8 0.0

Virginia.................................... 334 264 260 259 249 -10 7.5 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.6 -0.3

Washington............................... 215 184 170 172 172 0 5.7 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.5 0.0

West Virginia............................. 64 53 54 53 50 -3 8.3 7.0 7.1 7.0 6.6 -0.4

Wisconsin................................. 268 211 206 211 212 1 8.2 6.6 6.4 6.5 6.6 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 22 19 19 19 19 0 7.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 -0.1

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,253 5,850 5,904 5,828 5,465 -363 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Alabama.................................. 101 94 92 79 83 4 4.7 4.4 4.3 3.7 3.8 0.1

Alaska..................................... 21 19 18 17 20 3 6.5 5.8 5.5 5.2 6.1 0.9

Arizona.................................... 150 130 130 138 117 -21 4.8 4.1 4.1 4.4 3.7 -0.7

Arkansas.................................. 66 59 59 55 52 -3 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.8 -0.2

California................................. 637 528 560 550 433 -117 3.6 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.4 -0.6

Colorado.................................. 128 100 117 130 127 -3 4.4 3.4 4.0 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Connecticut............................... 60 62 59 63 53 -10 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.1 -0.6

Delaware................................. 26 24 25 24 23 -1 5.5 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.7 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 26 24 24 23 24 1 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 0.1

Florida..................................... 362 390 427 396 398 2 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.0 0.0

Georgia................................... 235 224 214 224 226 2 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.6 0.1

Hawaii..................................... 22 22 21 21 17 -4 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 2.7 -0.6

Idaho...................................... 45 33 38 38 35 -3 5.4 3.9 4.4 4.4 4.1 -0.3

Illinois..................................... 237 222 197 225 222 -3 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Indiana.................................... 145 125 122 138 119 -19 4.5 3.8 3.7 4.2 3.6 -0.6

Iowa....................................... 67 54 52 62 54 -8 4.2 3.4 3.3 3.9 3.4 -0.5

Kansas.................................... 56 54 49 51 51 0 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.5 0.0

Kentucky.................................. 95 96 104 76 74 -2 4.8 4.7 5.1 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Louisiana................................. 92 103 108 86 83 -3 4.8 5.2 5.5 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Maine..................................... 28 26 26 25 23 -2 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.5 -0.3

Maryland.................................. 119 105 109 107 111 4 4.4 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 0.1

Massachusetts........................... 122 127 125 112 103 -9 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.7 -0.3

Michigan.................................. 172 153 142 151 148 -3 3.9 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Minnesota................................ 110 95 111 110 111 1 3.7 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.0

Mississippi................................ 57 49 53 52 50 -2 4.9 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Missouri................................... 109 100 110 110 98 -12 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.3 -0.4

Montana.................................. 30 24 25 28 23 -5 5.8 4.6 4.8 5.4 4.4 -1.0

Nebraska................................. 41 38 38 37 37 0 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 0.0

Nevada.................................... 71 58 62 64 54 -10 4.7 3.7 4.0 4.1 3.4 -0.7

New Hampshire.......................... 29 30 29 28 27 -1 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.8 -0.2

New Jersey............................... 150 170 163 152 161 9 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.7 0.2

New Mexico.............................. 38 33 34 35 31 -4 4.4 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.5 -0.5

New York................................. 300 282 274 282 286 4 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 0.0

North Carolina........................... 218 202 194 174 163 -11 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.3 -0.2

North Dakota............................. 21 17 18 18 18 0 4.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

Ohio....................................... 215 214 231 204 181 -23 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.6 3.2 -0.4

Oklahoma................................. 85 81 85 81 72 -9 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.1 -0.6

Oregon.................................... 80 73 76 79 63 -16 4.1 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.2 -0.7

Pennsylvania............................. 189 203 220 193 196 3 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.1 3.2 0.1

Rhode Island............................. 20 21 21 21 19 -2 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.8 -0.4

South Carolina........................... 109 107 105 106 94 -12 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.0 -0.6

South Dakota............................ 20 18 18 19 18 -1 4.4 3.9 3.9 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Tennessee................................ 163 150 159 140 126 -14 5.0 4.5 4.8 4.2 3.8 -0.4

Texas..................................... 628 625 550 579 555 -24 4.6 4.5 3.9 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Utah....................................... 72 59 69 73 60 -13 4.2 3.4 4.0 4.2 3.5 -0.7

Vermont................................... 14 13 13 13 13 0 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 0.0

Virginia.................................... 181 154 173 167 165 -2 4.4 3.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 0.0

Washington............................... 133 111 112 117 104 -13 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.9 -0.3

West Virginia............................. 35 33 34 33 29 -4 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.1 -0.6

Wisconsin................................. 109 109 96 108 103 -5 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.4 -0.2

Wyoming.................................. 15 12 13 13 12 -1 5.2 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.1 -0.3

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 5,945 5,687 5,595 5,632 5,340 -292 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 -0.2

Alabama.................................. 96 95 86 85 83 -2 4.5 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Alaska..................................... 23 25 18 17 17 0 7.1 7.6 5.5 5.2 5.2 0.0

Arizona.................................... 138 135 135 133 139 6 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.4 0.2

Arkansas.................................. 59 56 56 52 50 -2 4.4 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.7 -0.1

California................................. 698 457 520 494 503 9 3.9 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.8 0.1

Colorado.................................. 157 120 100 118 123 5 5.4 4.1 3.4 4.0 4.2 0.2

Connecticut............................... 56 48 51 59 50 -9 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.5 2.9 -0.6

Delaware................................. 23 22 24 24 20 -4 4.8 4.5 4.9 4.9 4.1 -0.8

District of Columbia..................... 24 24 23 24 23 -1 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.0 -0.1

Florida..................................... 375 348 391 381 378 -3 3.9 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Georgia................................... 237 201 202 204 183 -21 4.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.7 -0.4

Hawaii..................................... 24 22 23 18 19 1 3.8 3.5 3.6 2.8 3.0 0.2

Idaho...................................... 45 42 43 37 43 6 5.4 4.9 5.0 4.3 5.0 0.7

Illinois..................................... 236 231 185 194 176 -18 3.9 3.8 3.0 3.2 2.9 -0.3

Indiana.................................... 137 127 129 125 139 14 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.2 0.4

Iowa....................................... 59 67 54 55 58 3 3.7 4.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 0.1

Kansas.................................... 52 57 56 46 54 8 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.2 3.7 0.5

Kentucky.................................. 85 84 88 77 75 -2 4.3 4.1 4.3 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Louisiana................................. 90 102 100 96 73 -23 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.9 3.7 -1.2

Maine..................................... 25 20 25 33 26 -7 3.9 3.1 3.9 5.1 4.0 -1.1

Maryland.................................. 117 107 107 110 89 -21 4.3 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.2 -0.8

Massachusetts........................... 100 83 82 113 95 -18 2.7 2.2 2.2 3.0 2.5 -0.5

Michigan.................................. 145 153 146 138 157 19 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.5 0.4

Minnesota................................ 100 111 119 96 106 10 3.4 3.7 4.0 3.2 3.5 0.3

Mississippi................................ 53 53 54 52 47 -5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.0 -0.4

Missouri................................... 97 114 114 106 101 -5 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Montana.................................. 33 28 30 30 29 -1 6.4 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.6 -0.2

Nebraska................................. 36 46 38 33 39 6 3.5 4.4 3.6 3.2 3.7 0.5

Nevada.................................... 74 65 60 59 64 5 4.9 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.1 0.3

New Hampshire.......................... 26 25 27 31 24 -7 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.4 3.4 -1.0

New Jersey............................... 137 118 129 183 136 -47 3.2 2.7 3.0 4.2 3.1 -1.1

New Mexico.............................. 37 34 35 33 34 1 4.3 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.9 0.1

New York................................. 252 257 260 299 284 -15 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.1 2.9 -0.2

North Carolina........................... 195 222 202 205 160 -45 4.0 4.5 4.1 4.2 3.2 -1.0

North Dakota............................. 17 22 18 15 20 5 3.9 5.0 4.1 3.4 4.6 1.2

Ohio....................................... 190 221 202 201 188 -13 3.4 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Oklahoma................................. 74 71 70 73 63 -10 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.2 3.6 -0.6

Oregon.................................... 91 79 79 77 77 0 4.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 172 172 177 234 174 -60 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.8 2.8 -1.0

Rhode Island............................. 18 17 19 22 19 -3 3.6 3.4 3.8 4.4 3.8 -0.6

South Carolina........................... 94 109 113 101 80 -21 4.2 4.7 4.9 4.4 3.4 -1.0

South Dakota............................ 18 20 19 17 23 6 3.9 4.3 4.1 3.6 4.9 1.3

Tennessee................................ 152 142 142 150 126 -24 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.5 3.8 -0.7

Texas..................................... 547 574 524 497 477 -20 4.0 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Utah....................................... 74 81 73 65 72 7 4.4 4.7 4.2 3.8 4.2 0.4

Vermont................................... 11 12 12 14 12 -2 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.6 3.9 -0.7

Virginia.................................... 159 158 147 156 142 -14 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.4 -0.3

Washington............................... 142 136 123 98 119 21 4.0 3.7 3.4 2.7 3.3 0.6

West Virginia............................. 33 35 35 33 29 -4 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.1 -0.6

Wisconsin................................. 96 121 109 101 111 10 3.2 4.0 3.6 3.3 3.7 0.4

Wyoming.................................. 18 16 15 14 15 1 6.3 5.5 5.1 4.8 5.1 0.3

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 4,148 3,663 3,646 3,628 3,471 -157 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 -0.1

Alabama.................................. 70 65 56 58 54 -4 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.5 -0.2

Alaska..................................... 15 13 11 10 11 1 4.6 4.0 3.4 3.1 3.4 0.3

Arizona.................................... 94 86 93 87 87 0 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.7 0.0

Arkansas.................................. 42 39 37 35 33 -2 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 -0.2

California................................. 516 275 316 311 289 -22 2.9 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 -0.1

Colorado.................................. 94 88 65 68 74 6 3.3 3.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 0.2

Connecticut............................... 33 23 33 29 30 1 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.8 0.1

Delaware................................. 17 15 16 15 13 -2 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.1 2.7 -0.4

District of Columbia..................... 15 16 15 15 14 -1 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 -0.1

Florida..................................... 268 239 283 268 275 7 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.8 0.1

Georgia................................... 174 133 140 139 118 -21 3.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.4 -0.4

Hawaii..................................... 16 14 13 11 12 1 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.9 0.2

Idaho...................................... 31 26 28 22 28 6 3.7 3.0 3.3 2.6 3.2 0.6

Illinois..................................... 130 118 124 138 133 -5 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 0.0

Indiana.................................... 97 88 85 88 87 -1 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Iowa....................................... 43 44 34 37 40 3 2.7 2.8 2.1 2.3 2.5 0.2

Kansas.................................... 36 38 33 30 37 7 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.5 0.4

Kentucky.................................. 62 59 60 54 52 -2 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Louisiana................................. 65 72 65 60 51 -9 3.4 3.7 3.3 3.0 2.6 -0.4

Maine..................................... 16 11 14 15 18 3 2.5 1.7 2.2 2.3 2.7 0.4

Maryland.................................. 83 71 69 69 56 -13 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.0 -0.5

Massachusetts........................... 67 46 55 59 54 -5 1.8 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.4 -0.2

Michigan.................................. 97 92 92 90 105 15 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.4 0.4

Minnesota................................ 75 68 65 68 75 7 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.5 0.2

Mississippi................................ 38 37 35 36 32 -4 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.7 -0.4

Missouri................................... 70 75 67 73 70 -3 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Montana.................................. 23 17 18 17 18 1 4.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.4 0.1

Nebraska................................. 24 30 24 22 26 4 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.1 2.5 0.4

Nevada.................................... 49 42 40 38 39 1 3.2 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.5 0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 14 13 15 17 15 -2 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.1 -0.3

New Jersey............................... 80 70 85 88 74 -14 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.7 -0.3

New Mexico.............................. 24 22 23 22 22 0 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 0.0

New York................................. 161 127 148 161 163 2 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.7 0.0

North Carolina........................... 135 141 133 134 91 -43 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.7 1.8 -0.9

North Dakota............................. 11 14 12 11 13 2 2.6 3.2 2.7 2.5 3.0 0.5

Ohio....................................... 136 150 117 131 132 1 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.3 0.0

Oklahoma................................. 56 46 46 50 43 -7 3.3 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.5 -0.4

Oregon.................................... 64 48 50 49 52 3 3.2 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.6 0.2

Pennsylvania............................. 114 112 121 129 117 -12 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 -0.2

Rhode Island............................. 12 9 11 11 11 0 2.4 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 0.0

South Carolina........................... 70 76 75 65 56 -9 3.1 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.4 -0.4

South Dakota............................ 13 13 12 11 16 5 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.4 3.4 1.0

Tennessee................................ 109 101 96 108 80 -28 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.3 2.4 -0.9

Texas..................................... 422 425 383 363 331 -32 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.3 -0.3

Utah....................................... 53 56 47 43 46 3 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.5 2.7 0.2

Vermont................................... 7 7 7 7 7 0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Virginia.................................... 111 108 101 103 95 -8 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Washington............................... 94 76 74 61 72 11 2.6 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.0 0.3

West Virginia............................. 24 24 23 22 19 -3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.7 -0.4

Wisconsin................................. 66 73 72 71 76 5 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 12 10 10 9 10 1 4.2 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.4 0.3

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 1,485 1,682 1,610 1,643 1,527 -116 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Alabama.................................. 22 24 25 22 24 2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.1

Alaska..................................... 6 10 6 5 5 0 1.8 3.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 0.0

Arizona.................................... 36 43 33 38 45 7 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.2

Arkansas.................................. 15 14 17 14 13 -1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.0

California................................. 137 150 162 158 182 24 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

Colorado.................................. 55 27 27 41 38 -3 1.9 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Connecticut............................... 18 20 12 25 16 -9 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.5 0.9 -0.6

Delaware................................. 5 6 7 7 6 -1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 7 6 7 6 6 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.0

Florida..................................... 91 80 89 94 85 -9 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Georgia................................... 52 57 49 45 52 7 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.1

Hawaii..................................... 6 6 7 6 6 0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.0

Idaho...................................... 12 12 11 12 13 1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 0.1

Illinois..................................... 100 103 52 50 36 -14 1.6 1.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 -0.2

Indiana.................................... 35 35 33 32 45 13 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.4

Iowa....................................... 12 20 17 15 14 -1 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.0

Kansas.................................... 14 18 20 13 13 0 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.0

Kentucky.................................. 20 20 24 18 18 0 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.0

Louisiana................................. 22 25 30 28 18 -10 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.4 0.9 -0.5

Maine..................................... 6 6 7 15 6 -9 0.9 0.9 1.1 2.3 0.9 -1.4

Maryland.................................. 28 28 32 31 25 -6 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Massachusetts........................... 26 25 18 43 32 -11 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.8 -0.3

Michigan.................................. 42 56 48 41 44 3 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.1

Minnesota................................ 21 39 48 22 24 2 0.7 1.3 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.1

Mississippi................................ 13 13 17 12 11 -1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Missouri................................... 22 33 41 27 24 -3 0.7 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Montana.................................. 9 9 8 12 9 -3 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.3 1.7 -0.6

Nebraska................................. 10 14 12 8 11 3 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.2

Nevada.................................... 21 19 16 17 21 4 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.2

New Hampshire.......................... 11 9 8 11 6 -5 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.6 0.9 -0.7

New Jersey............................... 49 35 33 84 36 -48 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.9 0.8 -1.1

New Mexico.............................. 10 10 9 9 9 0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

New York................................. 81 112 94 118 103 -15 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.1

North Carolina........................... 49 68 64 52 56 4 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.0

North Dakota............................. 5 7 6 4 5 1 1.2 1.6 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.2

Ohio....................................... 38 65 74 58 46 -12 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Oklahoma................................. 14 21 21 17 16 -1 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Oregon.................................... 19 24 22 23 21 -2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Pennsylvania............................. 39 48 46 92 47 -45 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.5 0.8 -0.7

Rhode Island............................. 5 7 6 9 6 -3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.2 -0.6

South Carolina........................... 20 28 35 29 20 -9 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.3 0.9 -0.4

South Dakota............................ 4 6 6 4 5 1 0.9 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.2

Tennessee................................ 37 34 42 35 38 3 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.0

Texas..................................... 108 126 123 111 129 18 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.1

Utah....................................... 18 21 20 18 23 5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.3

Vermont................................... 3 3 3 5 3 -2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 -0.6

Virginia.................................... 39 40 42 42 35 -7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Washington............................... 40 45 39 31 41 10 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.2

West Virginia............................. 7 9 10 8 8 0 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 25 42 32 25 28 3 0.8 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 4 5 4 4 4 0 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 10,031 9,315 8,140 6.1 5.6 4.9

Alabama................................................................. 147 128 108 6.4 5.6 4.7

Alaska................................................................... 24 19 21 7.1 5.4 6.3

Arizona.................................................................. 223 212 185 6.6 6.2 5.4

Arkansas................................................................ 90 81 64 6.2 5.6 4.5

California................................................................ 1,208 877 734 6.3 4.6 3.9

Colorado................................................................ 198 230 219 6.4 7.3 7.0

Connecticut............................................................. 112 88 80 6.2 4.9 4.5

Delaware................................................................ 32 34 24 6.2 6.5 4.7

District of Columbia.................................................... 40 40 32 4.9 4.8 3.9

Florida................................................................... 655 626 500 6.3 6.0 4.8

Georgia.................................................................. 393 349 279 7.4 6.6 5.3

Hawaii................................................................... 34 30 29 5.2 4.5 4.3

Idaho.................................................................... 62 59 50 6.9 6.3 5.5

Illinois.................................................................... 362 328 354 5.6 5.0 5.4

Indiana.................................................................. 203 175 158 5.9 5.0 4.5

Iowa..................................................................... 107 103 83 6.3 6.1 4.9

Kansas.................................................................. 88 84 82 5.7 5.4 5.3

Kentucky................................................................ 156 121 106 7.2 5.6 4.9

Louisiana................................................................ 146 135 98 7.0 6.4 4.7

Maine.................................................................... 39 43 41 5.7 6.1 5.8

Maryland................................................................ 175 181 146 6.0 6.1 5.0

Massachusetts......................................................... 235 249 204 5.9 6.1 5.1

Michigan................................................................ 271 230 246 5.8 4.9 5.2

Minnesota............................................................... 174 202 188 5.5 6.3 5.8

Mississippi.............................................................. 79 91 62 6.3 7.1 5.0

Missouri................................................................. 188 181 164 5.9 5.7 5.1

Montana................................................................. 39 39 34 7.1 6.9 6.0

Nebraska................................................................ 60 57 56 5.4 5.1 5.1

Nevada.................................................................. 97 95 87 5.9 5.7 5.2

New Hampshire........................................................ 48 38 36 6.5 5.2 4.8

New Jersey............................................................. 213 227 207 4.7 4.9 4.5

New Mexico............................................................ 64 64 57 7.0 6.8 6.1

New York............................................................... 414 483 407 4.1 4.7 4.0

North Carolina.......................................................... 333 314 249 6.4 5.9 4.7

North Dakota........................................................... 28 28 27 6.0 5.9 5.7

Ohio..................................................................... 340 345 308 5.7 5.7 5.1

Oklahoma............................................................... 121 110 90 6.5 5.9 4.9

Oregon.................................................................. 129 127 103 6.1 5.9 4.9

Pennsylvania........................................................... 424 410 359 6.5 6.2 5.4

Rhode Island........................................................... 30 31 25 5.6 5.9 4.8

South Carolina......................................................... 165 178 140 6.7 7.1 5.6

South Dakota........................................................... 24 26 26 5.1 5.3 5.2

Tennessee.............................................................. 244 213 179 6.9 6.0 5.1

Texas.................................................................... 841 772 738 5.7 5.2 4.9

Utah..................................................................... 107 105 80 5.9 5.7 4.4

Vermont................................................................. 22 20 17 6.6 6.0 5.3

Virginia.................................................................. 317 268 230 7.1 6.0 5.2

Washington............................................................. 197 184 159 5.2 4.8 4.2

West Virginia........................................................... 55 54 42 7.2 7.0 5.5

Wisconsin............................................................... 259 215 213 7.9 6.6 6.5

Wyoming................................................................ 18 18 16 6.0 5.7 5.2

p Preliminary
Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 5,789 6,235 4,947 3.7 3.9 3.1

Alabama................................................................. 93 91 72 4.3 4.2 3.3

Alaska................................................................... 13 11 13 4.2 3.5 4.2

Arizona.................................................................. 140 159 107 4.4 5.0 3.3

Arkansas................................................................ 54 57 43 4.0 4.2 3.1

California................................................................ 653 658 446 3.6 3.6 2.4

Colorado................................................................ 113 138 118 3.9 4.7 4.0

Connecticut............................................................. 55 66 48 3.3 3.8 2.8

Delaware................................................................ 23 29 20 4.9 5.9 4.0

District of Columbia.................................................... 21 23 19 2.6 3.0 2.5

Florida................................................................... 356 456 383 3.7 4.6 3.9

Georgia.................................................................. 208 235 198 4.3 4.8 4.0

Hawaii................................................................... 21 21 16 3.4 3.3 2.5

Idaho.................................................................... 40 40 32 4.8 4.6 3.7

Illinois.................................................................... 223 233 205 3.6 3.7 3.3

Indiana.................................................................. 145 138 113 4.4 4.2 3.4

Iowa..................................................................... 59 68 47 3.7 4.3 2.9

Kansas.................................................................. 51 55 45 3.5 3.8 3.1

Kentucky................................................................ 94 77 72 4.7 3.8 3.5

Louisiana................................................................ 77 94 64 3.9 4.7 3.2

Maine.................................................................... 22 24 17 3.5 3.6 2.6

Maryland................................................................ 110 111 102 4.0 4.0 3.7

Massachusetts......................................................... 106 115 83 2.8 3.0 2.2

Michigan................................................................ 161 153 136 3.6 3.4 3.0

Minnesota............................................................... 97 114 98 3.3 3.8 3.2

Mississippi.............................................................. 53 54 46 4.5 4.6 3.9

Missouri................................................................. 99 117 85 3.3 3.9 2.8

Montana................................................................. 25 29 19 4.9 5.5 3.7

Nebraska................................................................ 37 37 33 3.6 3.5 3.1

Nevada.................................................................. 65 72 49 4.2 4.5 3.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 24 26 21 3.4 3.7 3.0

New Jersey............................................................. 129 160 134 3.0 3.7 3.1

New Mexico............................................................ 31 37 26 3.6 4.3 3.0

New York............................................................... 262 292 247 2.7 3.0 2.5

North Carolina.......................................................... 181 184 128 3.7 3.7 2.6

North Dakota........................................................... 18 18 16 4.3 4.0 3.6

Ohio..................................................................... 218 215 171 3.9 3.8 3.0

Oklahoma............................................................... 77 86 64 4.5 4.9 3.7

Oregon.................................................................. 73 88 57 3.7 4.4 2.9

Pennsylvania........................................................... 177 200 181 2.9 3.2 2.9

Rhode Island........................................................... 17 22 16 3.3 4.4 3.1

South Carolina......................................................... 102 117 85 4.5 5.0 3.6

South Dakota........................................................... 17 19 15 3.6 4.0 3.2

Tennessee.............................................................. 156 149 117 4.7 4.5 3.5

Texas.................................................................... 593 592 517 4.3 4.2 3.6

Utah..................................................................... 66 78 53 3.8 4.5 3.1

Vermont................................................................. 12 14 10 3.9 4.4 3.4

Virginia.................................................................. 167 183 151 4.0 4.4 3.6

Washington............................................................. 114 123 84 3.2 3.4 2.3

West Virginia........................................................... 30 35 25 4.3 4.8 3.5

Wisconsin............................................................... 98 109 89 3.3 3.6 2.9

Wyoming................................................................ 12 12 9 4.1 4.1 3.0

p Preliminary
Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 5,276 5,689 4,660 3.4 3.6 2.9

Alabama................................................................. 84 88 71 3.9 4.1 3.2

Alaska................................................................... 26 25 21 8.4 7.8 6.5

Arizona.................................................................. 114 123 114 3.6 3.8 3.5

Arkansas................................................................ 52 51 42 3.9 3.7 3.1

California................................................................ 597 483 420 3.3 2.6 2.3

Colorado................................................................ 139 118 110 4.8 4.0 3.7

Connecticut............................................................. 49 56 43 2.9 3.2 2.5

Delaware................................................................ 22 28 18 4.6 5.8 3.7

District of Columbia.................................................... 20 26 18 2.6 3.3 2.4

Florida................................................................... 323 383 317 3.3 3.9 3.2

Georgia.................................................................. 192 193 147 3.9 3.9 2.9

Hawaii................................................................... 17 15 14 2.8 2.4 2.1

Idaho.................................................................... 42 41 41 5.0 4.7 4.8

Illinois.................................................................... 243 209 166 4.0 3.4 2.7

Indiana.................................................................. 120 123 125 3.7 3.7 3.8

Iowa..................................................................... 54 60 55 3.4 3.8 3.4

Kansas.................................................................. 47 44 47 3.2 3.0 3.2

Kentucky................................................................ 77 72 64 3.8 3.5 3.1

Louisiana................................................................ 80 88 61 4.1 4.4 3.1

Maine.................................................................... 28 36 30 4.4 5.5 4.6

Maryland................................................................ 98 117 71 3.6 4.2 2.6

Massachusetts......................................................... 90 114 84 2.4 3.0 2.2

Michigan................................................................ 133 141 146 3.0 3.2 3.3

Minnesota............................................................... 103 97 109 3.4 3.2 3.6

Mississippi.............................................................. 44 52 36 3.7 4.4 3.1

Missouri................................................................. 84 104 84 2.8 3.5 2.8

Montana................................................................. 35 35 31 6.8 6.7 5.9

Nebraska................................................................ 32 34 35 3.1 3.2 3.3

Nevada.................................................................. 70 59 60 4.6 3.7 3.8

New Hampshire........................................................ 29 35 23 4.1 5.0 3.2

New Jersey............................................................. 120 192 115 2.8 4.4 2.6

New Mexico............................................................ 32 31 29 3.7 3.6 3.2

New York............................................................... 215 299 251 2.2 3.0 2.6

North Carolina.......................................................... 167 209 132 3.4 4.2 2.7

North Dakota........................................................... 17 16 20 3.9 3.6 4.5

Ohio..................................................................... 175 214 165 3.1 3.7 2.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 64 75 52 3.7 4.3 3.0

Oregon.................................................................. 86 81 73 4.3 4.0 3.7

Pennsylvania........................................................... 154 230 154 2.5 3.7 2.5

Rhode Island........................................................... 18 23 18 3.5 4.7 3.5

South Carolina......................................................... 85 107 67 3.7 4.6 2.9

South Dakota........................................................... 18 18 23 3.8 3.9 4.8

Tennessee.............................................................. 127 154 101 3.8 4.6 3.0

Texas.................................................................... 474 496 406 3.4 3.5 2.9

Utah..................................................................... 67 59 65 3.9 3.4 3.7

Vermont................................................................. 12 12 12 3.9 4.0 4.0

Virginia.................................................................. 139 166 118 3.3 4.0 2.8

Washington............................................................. 126 104 111 3.5 2.8 3.0

West Virginia........................................................... 29 34 25 4.1 4.8 3.5

Wisconsin............................................................... 85 98 100 2.8 3.2 3.3

Wyoming................................................................ 22 16 19 7.7 5.5 6.5

p Preliminary
Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 3,589 3,703 2,911 2.3 2.3 1.8

Alabama................................................................. 61 61 44 2.8 2.8 2.0

Alaska................................................................... 17 16 12 5.4 4.8 3.8

Arizona.................................................................. 79 81 67 2.5 2.5 2.1

Arkansas................................................................ 37 34 27 2.7 2.5 2.0

California................................................................ 442 312 231 2.4 1.7 1.3

Colorado................................................................ 81 67 61 2.8 2.3 2.1

Connecticut............................................................. 28 28 24 1.7 1.6 1.4

Delaware................................................................ 16 19 12 3.4 3.9 2.4

District of Columbia.................................................... 12 16 10 1.5 2.0 1.3

Florida................................................................... 228 272 233 2.4 2.8 2.3

Georgia.................................................................. 140 134 94 2.9 2.7 1.9

Hawaii................................................................... 12 9 8 1.9 1.4 1.2

Idaho.................................................................... 27 24 24 3.2 2.8 2.7

Illinois.................................................................... 116 153 117 1.9 2.5 1.9

Indiana.................................................................. 86 87 75 2.6 2.6 2.3

Iowa..................................................................... 38 40 36 2.4 2.5 2.2

Kansas.................................................................. 32 29 32 2.2 2.0 2.2

Kentucky................................................................ 53 49 42 2.7 2.4 2.1

Louisiana................................................................ 58 54 41 3.0 2.7 2.1

Maine.................................................................... 16 17 19 2.5 2.5 2.9

Maryland................................................................ 69 73 46 2.5 2.6 1.7

Massachusetts......................................................... 61 61 47 1.6 1.6 1.2

Michigan................................................................ 85 93 93 1.9 2.1 2.1

Minnesota............................................................... 70 68 71 2.4 2.2 2.3

Mississippi.............................................................. 31 37 24 2.6 3.1 2.1

Missouri................................................................. 58 73 57 2.0 2.4 1.9

Montana................................................................. 23 18 18 4.4 3.5 3.5

Nebraska................................................................ 20 23 22 1.9 2.2 2.1

Nevada.................................................................. 46 38 33 3.0 2.4 2.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 13 18 13 1.9 2.5 1.8

New Jersey............................................................. 69 98 60 1.6 2.2 1.4

New Mexico............................................................ 21 20 18 2.4 2.3 2.0

New York............................................................... 134 154 136 1.4 1.6 1.4

North Carolina.......................................................... 118 150 75 2.4 3.0 1.5

North Dakota........................................................... 11 11 13 2.5 2.4 2.9

Ohio..................................................................... 114 135 107 2.0 2.4 1.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 47 52 35 2.7 3.0 2.0

Oregon.................................................................. 56 51 44 2.8 2.5 2.2

Pennsylvania........................................................... 95 130 96 1.6 2.1 1.5

Rhode Island........................................................... 10 11 10 2.1 2.2 2.0

South Carolina......................................................... 64 68 46 2.8 2.9 2.0

South Dakota........................................................... 12 12 16 2.6 2.6 3.3

Tennessee.............................................................. 93 111 65 2.8 3.3 1.9

Texas.................................................................... 365 373 279 2.6 2.6 2.0

Utah..................................................................... 45 38 38 2.7 2.2 2.2

Vermont................................................................. 7 6 7 2.3 2.0 2.3

Virginia.................................................................. 96 111 78 2.3 2.7 1.9

Washington............................................................. 78 65 59 2.2 1.8 1.6

West Virginia........................................................... 21 23 16 2.9 3.2 2.2

Wisconsin............................................................... 59 68 68 2.0 2.2 2.2

Wyoming................................................................ 15 10 12 5.3 3.3 4.2

p Preliminary
Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 1,435 1,637 1,456 0.9 1.0 0.9

Alabama................................................................. 19 21 21 0.9 1.0 1.0

Alaska................................................................... 8 8 7 2.5 2.6 2.2

Arizona.................................................................. 30 36 41 0.9 1.1 1.3

Arkansas................................................................ 14 13 12 1.0 0.9 0.8

California................................................................ 115 150 160 0.6 0.8 0.9

Colorado................................................................ 52 42 38 1.8 1.4 1.3

Connecticut............................................................. 16 23 15 0.9 1.3 0.9

Delaware................................................................ 5 7 5 1.1 1.5 1.0

District of Columbia.................................................... 7 6 6 0.9 0.7 0.7

Florida................................................................... 82 89 71 0.8 0.9 0.7

Georgia.................................................................. 44 41 43 0.9 0.8 0.9

Hawaii................................................................... 4 5 5 0.7 0.8 0.7

Idaho.................................................................... 13 14 16 1.5 1.6 1.8

Illinois.................................................................... 119 51 43 1.9 0.8 0.7

Indiana.................................................................. 32 32 45 1.0 1.0 1.4

Iowa..................................................................... 13 18 15 0.8 1.1 0.9

Kansas.................................................................. 13 13 12 0.9 0.9 0.8

Kentucky................................................................ 21 17 18 1.0 0.8 0.9

Louisiana................................................................ 20 26 16 1.0 1.3 0.8

Maine.................................................................... 9 16 9 1.4 2.4 1.4

Maryland................................................................ 24 33 20 0.9 1.2 0.7

Massachusetts......................................................... 24 41 30 0.6 1.1 0.8

Michigan................................................................ 43 42 47 1.0 0.9 1.1

Minnesota............................................................... 29 23 32 1.0 0.8 1.1

Mississippi.............................................................. 11 11 9 0.9 0.9 0.8

Missouri................................................................. 22 26 23 0.8 0.9 0.7

Montana................................................................. 10 15 11 1.9 2.8 2.1

Nebraska................................................................ 10 9 11 0.9 0.9 1.0

Nevada.................................................................. 21 19 23 1.4 1.2 1.4

New Hampshire........................................................ 15 14 8 2.1 2.0 1.1

New Jersey............................................................. 46 82 34 1.1 1.9 0.8

New Mexico............................................................ 9 9 8 1.0 1.0 0.9

New York............................................................... 73 125 99 0.7 1.3 1.0

North Carolina.......................................................... 39 43 44 0.8 0.9 0.9

North Dakota........................................................... 5 4 6 1.2 0.9 1.4

Ohio..................................................................... 46 69 50 0.8 1.2 0.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 13 17 13 0.8 1.0 0.7

Oregon.................................................................. 23 25 25 1.1 1.3 1.3

Pennsylvania........................................................... 45 85 50 0.7 1.4 0.8

Rhode Island........................................................... 6 10 6 1.3 2.0 1.2

South Carolina......................................................... 18 31 17 0.8 1.3 0.7

South Dakota........................................................... 5 5 6 1.1 1.1 1.3

Tennessee.............................................................. 30 35 30 0.9 1.1 0.9

Texas.................................................................... 94 99 113 0.7 0.7 0.8

Utah..................................................................... 18 18 24 1.1 1.0 1.4

Vermont................................................................. 4 5 4 1.4 1.6 1.2

Virginia.................................................................. 36 44 30 0.9 1.1 0.7

Washington............................................................. 43 34 47 1.2 0.9 1.3

West Virginia........................................................... 6 8 7 0.9 1.2 1.0

Wisconsin............................................................... 23 25 26 0.8 0.8 0.9

Wyoming................................................................ 6 6 6 2.0 1.9 1.9

p Preliminary