Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-19-0140 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, February 1, 2019

Technical information: 

 Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JANUARY 2019 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 304,000 in January, and the unemployment rate

edged up to 4.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in several 

industries, including leisure and hospitality, construction, health care, and transportation and 

warehousing. 

Changes to The Employment Situation Data

Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking process and the 

updating of seasonal adjustment factors. Also, household survey data for January 2019 reflect updated 

population estimates. See the notes beginning on page 6 for more information about these changes. 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, January 2017 – January 2019

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Oct-18 Jan-19

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

January 2017 – January 2019

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Oct-18 Jan-19
 

-2- 

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.0 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 6.5 million, 

edged up in January. The impact of the partial federal government shutdown contributed to the uptick in 

these measures. Among the unemployed, the number who reported being on temporary layoff 

increased by 175,000. This figure includes furloughed federal employees who were classified as 

unemployed on temporary layoff under the definitions used in the household survey. (See tables A-1 and 

A-11. For information about annual population adjustments to the household survey estimates, see the 

note on page 7 and tables B and C. For more information on the classification of workers affected by the 

partial federal government shutdown, see the box note on page 5.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics increased to 4.9 percent in 

January. The jobless rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women (3.6 percent), teenagers (12.9 

percent), Whites (3.5 percent), Blacks (6.8 percent), and Asians (3.1 percent) showed little change over 

the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

In January, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little 

changed at 1.3 million and accounted for 19.3 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 63.2 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.7 

percent, changed little over the month; both measures were up by 0.5 percentage point over the year. 

(See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) increased by about one-half million to 5.1 million in January. Nearly all 

of this increase occurred in the private sector and may reflect the impact of the partial federal 

government shutdown. (Persons employed part time for economic reasons would have preferred fulltime employment but were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable 

to find full-time jobs.) (See table A-8.) 

In January, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, essentially unchanged 

from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They 

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 426,000 discouraged workers in January, little different 

than a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2 million persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in January had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 304,000 in January, compared with an average 

monthly gain of 223,000 in 2018. In January, employment grew in several industries, including leisure 

and hospitality, construction, health care, and transportation and warehousing. There were no discernible 

impacts of the partial federal government shutdown on the estimates of employment, hours, and earnings 

from the establishment survey. (See table B-1. For information about the annual benchmark process, see 
 

-3- 

the note on page 6 and table A. For more information on the classification of workers affected by the 

partial federal government shutdown, see the box note on page 5.) 

In January, employment in leisure and hospitality rose by 74,000. Within the industry, job gains 

occurred in food services and drinking places (+37,000) and in amusements, gambling, and recreation

(+32,000). Over the year, leisure and hospitality has added 410,000 jobs. 

Construction employment rose by 52,000 in January. Job gains occurred among specialty trade 

contractors, with increases in both the nonresidential (+19,000) and residential (+15,000) components. 

Employment also rose in heavy and civil engineering construction (+10,000) and residential building

(+9,000). Construction has added 338,000 jobs over the past 12 months. 

Employment in health care increased by 42,000 in January. Within the industry, job gains occurred in 

ambulatory health care services (+22,000) and hospitals (+19,000). Health care has added 368,000 jobs 

over the past year.

Over the month, employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 27,000, following little 

change in December. In January, job gains occurred in warehousing and storage (+15,000) and among

couriers and messengers (+7,000). Over the year, employment in transportation and warehousing has 

increased by 219,000. 

In January, retail trade employment edged up by 21,000. Job gains occurred in sporting goods, hobby, 

book, and music stores (+17,000), while general merchandise stores lost jobs (-12,000). Employment in 

retail trade has shown little net change over the past 12 months (+26,000). 

Mining employment increased by 7,000 in January. The industry has added 64,000 jobs over the year, 

almost entirely in support activities for mining.

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up over the month (+30,000) and 

has increased by 546,000 in the past 12 months. 

Employment in manufacturing continued to trend up in January (+13,000). Over-the-month job gains 

occurred in durable goods (+20,000), while employment in nondurable goods changed little (-7,000). 

Manufacturing employment has increased by 261,000 over the year, with more than four-fifths of the 

gain in durable goods industries. 

Employment in federal government was essentially unchanged in January (+1,000). Federal employees 

on furlough during the partial government shutdown were counted as employed in the establishment 

survey because they worked or received pay (or will receive pay) for the pay period that included the 

12th of the month. 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including wholesale trade, 

information, and financial activities. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in 

January. In manufacturing, both the workweek and overtime decreased by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours and 3.5 

hours, respectively. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private 

nonfarm payrolls held at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 
 

-4- 

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 3 cents to

$27.56, following a 10-cent gain in December. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 

85 cents, or 3.2 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees increased by 3 cents to $23.12 in January. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised up from +176,000 to 

+196,000, and the change for December was revised down from +312,000 to +222,000. With these 

revisions, employment gains in November and December combined were 70,000 less than previously 

reported. After revisions, job gains have averaged 241,000 per month over the last 3 months. (Monthly 

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 

published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual benchmark process also 

contributed to the November and December revisions.) 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 8, 2019, at 

8:30 a.m. (EST).
 

-5- 

Partial Federal Government Shutdown

Some federal government agencies were shut down or operating at reduced staffing levels during a lapse 

in appropriations from December 22, 2018, through January 25, 2019. The Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) was funded during the shutdown period and was operating as usual. Data collection for the 

household and establishment surveys occurred as scheduled.

In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force 

based on their answers to a series of questions about their activities during the survey reference week. 

Workers who indicated that they were not working during the entire survey reference week and expected 

to be recalled to their jobs should be classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. In January 2019, 

there was an increase in the number of federal workers who were classified as unemployed on temporary 

layoff. However, there also was an increase in the number of federal workers who were classified as 

employed but absent from work. BLS analysis of the underlying data indicates that this group included 

federal workers affected by the shutdown who also should have been classified as unemployed on 

temporary layoff. Such a misclassification is an example of nonsampling error and can occur when 

respondents misunderstand questions or interviewers record answers incorrectly. If the federal workers 

who were recorded as employed but absent from work had been classified as unemployed on temporary 

layoff, the overall unemployment rate would have been slightly higher than reported. However, 

according to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain 

data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reassign survey responses. 

In the establishment survey, businesses and government agencies report the number of people on 

payrolls during the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Individuals who work or receive pay 

for any part of the pay period are defined as employed. Federal employees on furlough during the partial 

federal government shutdown were considered employed in the establishment survey because they 

worked or received pay (or will receive pay) for the pay period that included the 12th of the month. 

Other workers (including federal contractors) who did not work or receive pay during the partial federal 

government shutdown were not counted among the employed. 

Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bls/shutdown_2019_empsit_qa.pdf . 
 

-6- 

Revisions to Establishment Survey Data 

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today have been 

benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2018. These counts are derived 

principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which counts jobs covered 

by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. The benchmark process results in revisions to not 

seasonally adjusted data from April 2017 forward. Seasonally adjusted data from January 2014 forward 

are subject to revision. In addition, data for some series prior to 2014, both seasonally adjusted and 

unadjusted, incorporate other revisions. 

The total nonfarm employment level for March 2018 was revised downward by 1,000 (-16,000 on a not 

seasonally adjusted basis, or less than -0.05 percent). The absolute average benchmark revision over the 

past 10 years is 0.2 percent. 

The effect of these revisions on the underlying trend in nonfarm payroll employment was minor. For 

example, the over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for 2018 was revised from +2,638,000 

to +2,674,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a 

seasonally adjusted basis from January to December 2018. 

All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/ces/data.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark and post-benchmark 

revisions and other technical issues is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2018, seasonally adjusted 

(Numbers in thousands)

As 

previously 

published

As revised Difference

As 

previously 

published

As revised Difference

2018

January......................... 147,801 147,767 -34 176 171 -5

February........................ 148,125 148,097 -28 324 330 6

March............................ 148,280 148,279 -1 155 182 27

April............................ 148,455 148,475 20 175 196 21

May.............................. 148,723 148,745 22 268 270 2

June................................ 148,931 149,007 76 208 262 54

July................................ 149,096 149,185 89 165 178 13

August........................... 149,382 149,467 85 286 282 -4

September..................... 149,501 149,575 74 119 108 -11

October.......................... 149,775 149,852 77 274 277 3

November...................... 149,951 150,048 97 176 196 20

December (p).................. 150,263 150,270 7 312 222 -90

(p) = preliminary.

Year and month

Level Over-the-month change
 

-7- 

Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey

Effective with data for January 2019, updated population estimates were incorporated into the household 

survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each 

year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to reflect new information and assumptions about the 

growth of the population since the previous decennial census. The change in population reflected in the 

new estimates results from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital statistics, and 

estimation methodology improvements. 

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey estimates for 

December 2018 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population adjustments, however, 

differences in selected December 2018 labor force series based on the old and new population estimates 

are shown in table B. 

The adjustments decreased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population in December by 

800,000, the civilian labor force by 506,000, employment by 488,000, unemployment by 18,000, and the 

number of persons not in the labor force by 294,000. The total unemployment rate, employmentpopulation ratio, and labor force participation rate were unaffected. 

Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the comparability of 

household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new population 

estimates on the comparison of selected labor force measures between December 2018 and January 

2019. Additional information on the population adjustments and their effect on national labor force 

estimates is available at https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf. 

Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2018 estimates by sex, race, and 

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Total Men Women White

Black or 

African 

American

Asian

Hispanic or 

Latino 

ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population........ -800 -412 -389 -455 -119 -224 -275

 Civilian labor force........................... -506 -281 -226 -303 -67 -134 -183

 Participation rate......................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

 Employed...................................... -488 -270 -217 -292 -62 -131 -176

 Employment-population ratio........ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

 Unemployed.................................. -18 -11 -8 -12 -4 -4 -8

 Unemployment rate..................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Not in labor force............................. -294 -131 -164 -153 -53 -90 -91

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or

African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose

ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
 

-8- 

Table C. December 2018-January 2019 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for

 population control effects

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Dec.-Jan. change, as 

published

2019 population 

control effect

Dec.-Jan. change, after 

removing the population 

control effect 1

Civilian noninstitutional population........ -649 -800 151

 Civilian labor force........................... -11 -506 495

 Participation rate......................... 0.1 0.0 0.1

 Employed...................................... -251 -488 237

 Employment-population ratio........ 0.1 0.0 0.1

 Unemployed.................................. 241 -18 259

 Unemployment rate..................... 0.1 0.0 0.1

 Not in labor force............................. -639 -294 -345

1 This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month 

change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Change from:

Dec. 2018-

Jan. 2019

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 256,780 258,708 258,888 258,239 –

Civilian labor force........................................................... 161,123 162,821 163,240 163,229 –

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.7 62.9 63.1 63.2 –

Employed................................................................... 154,482 156,803 156,945 156,694 –

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.2 60.6 60.6 60.7 –

Unemployed............................................................... 6,641 6,018 6,294 6,535 –

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.1 3.7 3.9 4.0 –

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,657 95,886 95,649 95,010 –

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.1 3.7 3.9 4.0 –

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.9 3.3 3.6 3.7 –

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.6 –

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 13.9 12.0 12.5 12.9 –

White.......................................................................... 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 –

Black or African American.................................................. 7.7 6.0 6.6 6.8 –

Asian.......................................................................... 3.0 2.7 3.3 3.1 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.0 4.5 4.4 4.9 –

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.3 –

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.7 –

High school graduates, no college........................................ 4.4 3.5 3.8 3.8 –

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.4 –

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.4 –

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,243 2,842 2,903 3,082 –

Job leavers...................................................................... 724 697 839 805 –

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,959 1,880 1,958 1,945 –

New entrants.................................................................... 638 577 588 606 –

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,271 2,128 2,126 2,325 –

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,927 1,842 2,027 2,013 –

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 959 865 897 902 –

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,428 1,259 1,306 1,252 –

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,982 4,781 4,657 5,147 –

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,006 2,882 2,891 3,451 –

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,648 1,562 1,496 1,419 –

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,978 20,909 21,234 20,949 –

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,653 1,678 1,556 1,614 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 451 453 375 426 –

- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 196 222 304

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 200 206 296

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 29 53 72

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -3 5 7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5 28 52

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 27 20 13

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 16 17 20

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 -1.9 1.8 0.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 11 3 -7

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 171 153 224

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.3 11.3 10.9 4.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 32.5 -12.0 20.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 23.6 -4.9 26.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 -3 -4 -4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 13

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 34 29 30

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.8 1.3 7.9 1.0

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 29 67 55

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 36.6 55.5 45.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 39 55 74

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 9 4

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15 -4 16 8

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 194 232 241

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 198 230 234

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.7 49.7 49.7

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.3 48.3 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.4 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.71 $27.43 $27.53 $27.56

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $918.82 $943.59 $949.79 $950.82

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.3 110.1 110.6 110.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.2 144.4 145.6 146.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.3

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 61.6 66.3 61.0

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 65.8 63.2 59.9

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 689,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256,780 258,888 258,239 256,780 258,290 258,514 258,708 258,888 258,239

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,037 162,510 162,104 161,123 162,055 162,694 162,821 163,240 163,229

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 62.8 62.8 62.7 62.7 62.9 62.9 63.1 63.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,848 156,481 154,964 154,482 156,069 156,582 156,803 156,945 156,694

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 60.4 60.0 60.2 60.4 60.6 60.6 60.6 60.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,189 6,029 7,140 6,641 5,986 6,112 6,018 6,294 6,535

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.7 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,743 96,378 96,135 95,657 96,235 95,821 95,886 95,649 95,010

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,364 5,121 5,435 5,165 5,266 5,333 5,397 5,327 5,254

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,173 125,227 124,890 124,173 124,928 125,041 125,137 125,227 124,890

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,125 85,857 85,829 85,911 85,912 86,146 86,330 86,441 86,577

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 68.6 68.7 69.2 68.8 68.9 69.0 69.0 69.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,046 82,440 81,798 82,279 82,686 82,894 83,194 83,041 83,031

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 65.8 65.5 66.3 66.2 66.3 66.5 66.3 66.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,079 3,417 4,031 3,632 3,226 3,252 3,136 3,401 3,545

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.0 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.9 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,048 39,370 39,060 38,263 39,016 38,895 38,807 38,785 38,313

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,669 116,739 116,436 115,669 116,437 116,546 116,646 116,739 116,436

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,431 83,101 83,139 82,915 83,104 83,277 83,408 83,500 83,599

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3 71.2 71.4 71.7 71.4 71.5 71.5 71.5 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,761 80,036 79,504 79,719 80,251 80,388 80,633 80,501 80,472

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 68.6 68.3 68.9 68.9 69.0 69.1 69.0 69.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,670 3,066 3,635 3,196 2,853 2,889 2,775 2,999 3,126

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.7 4.4 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,238 33,638 33,296 32,755 33,333 33,269 33,238 33,239 32,837

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,607 133,662 133,350 132,607 133,362 133,474 133,571 133,662 133,350

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,912 76,654 76,275 75,213 76,143 76,548 76,492 76,798 76,652

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 57.3 57.2 56.7 57.1 57.4 57.3 57.5 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,802 74,041 73,166 72,203 73,383 73,688 73,609 73,904 73,663

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 55.4 54.9 54.4 55.0 55.2 55.1 55.3 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,110 2,612 3,109 3,009 2,760 2,860 2,883 2,894 2,990

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.4 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,695 57,008 57,075 57,394 57,219 56,926 57,079 56,864 56,697

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,328 125,393 125,099 124,328 125,091 125,200 125,299 125,393 125,099

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,095 73,768 73,485 72,238 73,107 73,442 73,478 73,769 73,691

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 58.8 58.7 58.1 58.4 58.7 58.6 58.8 58.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,378 71,422 70,731 69,620 70,710 70,935 70,949 71,218 71,049

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 57.0 56.5 56.0 56.5 56.7 56.6 56.8 56.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,717 2,345 2,754 2,618 2,398 2,507 2,529 2,550 2,642

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.2 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,234 51,625 51,615 52,090 51,984 51,757 51,821 51,624 51,408

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,783 16,756 16,704 16,783 16,762 16,768 16,763 16,756 16,704

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,511 5,641 5,480 5,970 5,843 5,974 5,935 5,971 5,939

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.8 33.7 32.8 35.6 34.9 35.6 35.4 35.6 35.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,709 5,023 4,729 5,143 5,108 5,258 5,221 5,226 5,172

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 30.0 28.3 30.6 30.5 31.4 31.1 31.2 31.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802 619 751 827 735 715 714 745 767

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 11.0 13.7 13.9 12.6 12.0 12.0 12.5 12.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,271 11,115 11,224 10,812 10,918 10,795 10,828 10,785 10,765

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199,738 200,774 200,382 199,738 200,476 200,596 200,690 200,774 200,382

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,547 126,072 125,516 125,318 125,617 126,100 126,334 126,680 126,351

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.8 62.6 62.7 62.7 62.9 63.0 63.1 63.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,640 121,900 120,542 120,899 121,507 121,923 122,036 122,318 121,880

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 60.7 60.2 60.5 60.6 60.8 60.8 60.9 60.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,907 4,173 4,974 4,419 4,110 4,177 4,299 4,362 4,471

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.3 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,191 74,702 74,866 74,420 74,858 74,496 74,355 74,094 74,030

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,344 65,822 65,684 65,703 65,661 65,771 65,961 66,110 66,051

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 71.6 71.6 71.9 71.5 71.6 71.8 71.9 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,743 63,649 63,112 63,502 63,664 63,785 63,960 64,046 63,890

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 69.2 68.8 69.5 69.4 69.4 69.6 69.6 69.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,601 2,174 2,572 2,201 1,996 1,986 2,000 2,064 2,161

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.3 3.9 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,873 55,939 55,612 54,910 55,378 55,778 55,819 55,995 55,740

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 58.0 57.7 57.2 57.5 57.8 57.9 58.0 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,129 54,368 53,733 53,272 53,792 54,062 54,023 54,226 53,959

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 56.3 55.8 55.5 55.8 56.1 56.0 56.2 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,744 1,571 1,879 1,638 1,586 1,716 1,796 1,769 1,781

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.8 3.4 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,330 4,311 4,219 4,705 4,578 4,551 4,554 4,575 4,560

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 35.1 34.4 38.1 37.2 37.0 37.0 37.2 37.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,768 3,883 3,697 4,125 4,051 4,076 4,052 4,047 4,031

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.5 31.6 30.1 33.4 32.9 33.1 32.9 32.9 32.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 428 523 580 527 476 502 528 530

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 9.9 12.4 12.3 11.5 10.5 11.0 11.6 11.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,575 32,956 32,868 32,575 32,848 32,887 32,923 32,956 32,868

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,109 20,325 20,549 20,250 20,504 20,564 20,451 20,460 20,628

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 61.7 62.5 62.2 62.4 62.5 62.1 62.1 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,507 19,067 19,033 18,696 19,265 19,290 19,232 19,107 19,220

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 57.9 57.9 57.4 58.6 58.7 58.4 58.0 58.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,602 1,257 1,516 1,554 1,239 1,274 1,219 1,353 1,408

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 6.2 7.4 7.7 6.0 6.2 6.0 6.6 6.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,466 12,632 12,318 12,325 12,345 12,323 12,472 12,496 12,240

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,196 9,214 9,320 9,269 9,349 9,400 9,310 9,284 9,367

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 66.7 67.6 68.0 67.9 68.2 67.4 67.2 67.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,457 8,645 8,584 8,572 8,800 8,814 8,771 8,709 8,705

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 62.5 62.2 62.9 63.9 63.9 63.5 63.0 63.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 570 736 697 549 586 539 575 662

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 6.2 7.9 7.5 5.9 6.2 5.8 6.2 7.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,210 10,329 10,433 10,224 10,422 10,327 10,303 10,359 10,419

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 62.1 62.8 62.2 62.8 62.2 62.0 62.2 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,518 9,779 9,820 9,549 9,874 9,825 9,789 9,749 9,847

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 58.8 59.2 58.1 59.5 59.2 58.9 58.6 59.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 551 613 674 548 501 515 611 572

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 5.3 5.9 6.6 5.3 4.9 5.0 5.9 5.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703 781 797 758 733 837 837 817 842

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 31.4 32.2 30.2 29.4 33.6 33.6 32.8 34.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 644 629 575 591 650 672 650 669

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 25.9 25.4 22.9 23.7 26.1 27.0 26.1 27.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 137 168 183 141 187 165 167 173

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 17.5 21.0 24.1 19.3 22.4 19.7 20.5 20.6

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,731 16,138 16,034 15,731 16,011 16,030 16,096 16,138 16,034

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,855 10,250 10,264 9,889 10,303 10,280 10,334 10,262 10,298

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 63.5 64.0 62.9 64.3 64.1 64.2 63.6 64.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,548 9,928 9,938 9,587 9,943 9,956 10,050 9,929 9,978

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 61.5 62.0 60.9 62.1 62.1 62.4 61.5 62.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 322 326 301 360 324 284 334 321

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,876 5,888 5,770 5,842 5,709 5,750 5,762 5,876 5,736

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 42,249 43,234 43,044 42,249 42,959 43,054 43,146 43,234 43,044

Civilian labor force................................ 27,713 28,913 28,828 27,831 28,388 28,513 28,820 28,963 28,985

Participation rate............................... 65.6 66.9 67.0 65.9 66.1 66.2 66.8 67.0 67.3

Employed....................................... 26,114 27,659 27,208 26,434 27,102 27,266 27,524 27,701 27,579

Employment-population ratio............... 61.8 64.0 63.2 62.6 63.1 63.3 63.8 64.1 64.1

Unemployed.................................... 1,599 1,255 1,620 1,397 1,287 1,248 1,296 1,261 1,406

Unemployment rate......................... 5.8 4.3 5.6 5.0 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.9

Not in labor force................................. 14,536 14,321 14,217 14,418 14,571 14,541 14,326 14,271 14,060

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,281 15,639 15,657 15,327 15,424 15,448 15,595 15,651 15,699

Participation rate............................... 80.2 80.1 80.6 80.4 79.5 79.5 80.1 80.2 80.8

Employed....................................... 14,448 15,042 14,848 14,660 14,832 14,854 15,063 15,107 15,066

Employment-population ratio............... 75.8 77.1 76.4 76.9 76.5 76.4 77.3 77.4 77.6

Unemployed.................................... 833 596 809 667 592 594 533 544 633

Unemployment rate......................... 5.4 3.8 5.2 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.5 4.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,243 11,996 11,945 11,257 11,689 11,767 11,857 12,002 11,968

Participation rate............................... 58.3 60.8 60.8 58.4 59.6 59.9 60.2 60.8 60.9

Employed....................................... 10,683 11,511 11,332 10,736 11,188 11,266 11,308 11,487 11,396

Employment-population ratio............... 55.4 58.3 57.6 55.7 57.0 57.3 57.4 58.2 58.0

Unemployed.................................... 560 485 613 521 501 501 550 515 572

Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 4.0 5.1 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,189 1,278 1,226 1,248 1,276 1,298 1,367 1,310 1,318

Participation rate............................... 30.4 32.2 31.0 31.9 32.3 32.8 34.5 33.0 33.3

Employed....................................... 982 1,105 1,028 1,038 1,082 1,145 1,154 1,107 1,117

Employment-population ratio............... 25.1 27.8 26.0 26.6 27.4 28.9 29.1 27.9 28.2

Unemployed.................................... 207 173 198 210 193 153 214 202 201

Unemployment rate......................... 17.4 13.6 16.1 16.8 15.2 11.8 15.6 15.4 15.2

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,433 10,265 10,169 10,277 10,204 10,268 10,191 10,283 10,065

Participation rate.................................. 45.5 46.0 45.7 44.8 46.1 47.8 46.7 46.1 45.2

Employed.......................................... 9,695 9,604 9,419 9,716 9,635 9,658 9,619 9,683 9,489

Employment-population ratio................. 42.2 43.1 42.3 42.3 43.5 44.9 44.0 43.4 42.6

Unemployed....................................... 738 661 750 561 569 610 572 600 576

Unemployment rate............................ 7.1 6.4 7.4 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.7

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,395 36,011 35,968 35,757 36,213 36,103 35,901 36,154 36,301

Participation rate.................................. 57.0 57.8 57.9 57.5 57.5 57.6 57.6 58.1 58.5

Employed.......................................... 33,589 34,631 34,413 34,170 34,856 34,650 34,631 34,776 34,937

Employment-population ratio................. 54.0 55.6 55.4 55.0 55.3 55.3 55.6 55.9 56.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,806 1,380 1,554 1,587 1,357 1,454 1,271 1,377 1,363

Unemployment rate............................ 5.1 3.8 4.3 4.4 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.8

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,792 37,132 37,307 37,882 37,390 37,531 37,471 37,175 37,339

Participation rate.................................. 65.8 65.6 65.4 66.0 65.2 65.2 65.3 65.7 65.5

Employed.......................................... 36,411 35,952 35,939 36,596 36,200 36,392 36,293 35,954 36,071

Employment-population ratio................. 63.4 63.5 63.0 63.8 63.1 63.2 63.2 63.5 63.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,380 1,180 1,368 1,286 1,189 1,139 1,178 1,222 1,268

Unemployment rate............................ 3.7 3.2 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 55,885 58,701 58,338 55,909 57,294 57,968 58,451 58,701 58,472

Participation rate.................................. 73.3 73.6 73.8 73.4 73.6 73.5 73.8 73.6 74.0

Employed.......................................... 54,649 57,519 56,897 54,705 56,167 56,782 57,150 57,442 57,078

Employment-population ratio................. 71.7 72.1 72.0 71.8 72.2 72.0 72.1 72.0 72.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,235 1,182 1,441 1,204 1,127 1,186 1,301 1,260 1,395

Unemployment rate............................ 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.4

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,376 18,995 17,518 17,120 1,858 1,875

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,426 9,369 8,353 8,224 1,073 1,145

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 49.3 47.7 48.0 57.8 61.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,046 9,025 8,012 7,911 1,034 1,115

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.7 47.5 45.7 46.2 55.7 59.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 344 341 313 39 31

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.6 2.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,950 9,626 9,165 8,896 785 730

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,116 4,276 3,446 3,597 670 679

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,297 3,480 2,861 3,008 436 472

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.1 81.4 83.0 83.6 65.1 69.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,163 3,333 2,739 2,867 425 466

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.9 78.0 79.5 79.7 63.4 68.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 147 122 141 11 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.7 2.6 1.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819 796 585 589 234 207

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,045 3,050 2,537 2,517 508 533

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,370 2,350 2,000 1,960 370 390

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 77.0 78.8 77.9 72.9 73.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,263 2,290 1,908 1,909 355 381

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.3 75.1 75.2 75.8 69.9 71.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 60 92 51 15 9

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 2.6 4.6 2.6 4.1 2.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675 700 537 557 138 143

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,821 7,400 7,555 7,146 266 254

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,623 1,559 1,570 1,505 52 54

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 21.1 20.8 21.1 19.7 21.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568 1,499 1,516 1,448 52 51

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.1 20.3 20.1 20.3 19.7 19.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 60 54 57 0 3

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.9 3.5 3.8 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,198 5,841 5,985 5,641 214 200

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,394 4,269 3,980 3,860 414 409

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136 1,980 1,922 1,751 215 229

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 46.4 48.3 45.4 51.8 56.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,052 1,903 1,849 1,687 202 216

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.7 44.6 46.5 43.7 48.8 52.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 77 72 64 12 13

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.6 5.8 5.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,258 2,289 2,058 2,109 199 180

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228,181 230,436 101,942 103,299 126,239 127,137

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,592 150,990 75,842 76,773 72,750 74,217

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 65.5 74.4 74.3 57.6 58.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,078 144,447 72,218 73,180 69,860 71,268

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 62.7 70.8 70.8 55.3 56.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,514 6,543 3,624 3,593 2,890 2,950

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.0 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,589 79,446 26,100 26,527 53,489 52,920

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,404 30,080 227,376 228,160

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,987 6,180 154,050 155,924

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.4 20.5 67.8 68.3

Employed............................................................................. 5,460 5,625 147,388 149,339

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.6 18.7 64.8 65.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 527 556 6,662 6,585

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.8 9.0 4.3 4.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,417 23,899 73,326 72,236

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,587 2,648 77,314 77,564

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.8 35.2 82.0 82.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,337 2,387 73,686 74,014

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 32.4 31.7 78.1 78.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 250 260 3,628 3,550

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.7 9.8 4.7 4.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,632 4,885 17,000 16,420

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,321 2,381 68,309 69,186

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.4 30.9 70.4 71.4

Employed............................................................................. 2,108 2,156 65,554 66,509

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.6 28.0 67.5 68.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 213 224 2,755 2,677

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.2 9.4 4.0 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,314 5,333 28,777 27,706

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,079 1,151 8,427 9,174

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.4 7.8 23.4 24.6

Employed............................................................................. 1,016 1,081 8,147 8,817

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.0 7.3 22.6 23.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 63 71 279 357

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.9 6.1 3.3 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,471 13,681 27,550 28,110

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,625 42,909 20,580 20,969 22,045 21,940

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,754 28,686 15,938 16,455 11,816 12,231

Participation rate.................................................. 65.1 66.9 77.4 78.5 53.6 55.7

Employed.......................................................... 26,453 27,381 15,257 15,720 11,196 11,661

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.1 63.8 74.1 75.0 50.8 53.1

Unemployed....................................................... 1,300 1,305 681 734 620 571

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.5 5.2 4.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,871 14,223 4,642 4,514 10,229 9,708

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 214,156 215,331 103,593 103,921 110,562 111,410

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,283 133,419 69,187 69,375 63,096 64,044

Participation rate.................................................. 61.8 62.0 66.8 66.8 57.1 57.5

Employed.......................................................... 126,395 127,583 65,789 66,078 60,606 61,505

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.0 59.2 63.5 63.6 54.8 55.2

Unemployed....................................................... 5,889 5,835 3,398 3,297 2,491 2,538

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.8 3.9 4.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,872 81,912 34,406 34,546 47,466 47,366

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,297 2,393 2,414 2,480 2,478 2,418 2,556 2,522 2,576

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,538 1,659 1,644 1,677 1,661 1,674 1,772 1,747 1,778

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 732 708 746 783 813 722 768 752 787

Unpaid family workers........................... 27 26 24 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 150,551 154,088 152,550 152,030 153,634 154,135 154,297 154,520 154,177

Wage and salary workers1...................... 141,666 145,063 143,834 142,968 144,480 145,071 145,313 145,478 145,251

Government..................................... 21,109 20,709 20,800 20,867 20,753 21,186 21,054 20,677 20,614

Private industries............................... 120,557 124,354 123,034 122,089 123,773 124,063 124,365 124,787 124,657

Private households.......................... 701 879 799 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 119,855 123,474 122,234 121,402 122,968 123,239 123,512 123,904 123,861

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,838 8,973 8,672 9,014 8,957 8,949 8,889 9,031 8,855

Unpaid family workers........................... 47 52 44 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,474 4,740 5,640 4,982 4,656 4,630 4,781 4,657 5,147

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,363 2,984 3,888 3,006 2,807 2,837 2,882 2,891 3,451

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,666 1,456 1,418 1,648 1,471 1,461 1,562 1,496 1,419

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,916 21,726 20,734 20,978 21,404 21,448 20,909 21,234 20,949

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,380 4,621 5,543 4,929 4,575 4,549 4,726 4,580 5,079

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,311 2,909 3,841 2,965 2,767 2,779 2,843 2,816 3,418

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,662 1,435 1,398 1,643 1,462 1,453 1,571 1,473 1,401

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,516 21,349 20,340 20,533 21,002 21,083 20,521 20,826 20,548

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,848 156,481 154,964 154,482 156,069 156,582 156,803 156,945 156,694

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,709 5,023 4,729 5,143 5,108 5,258 5,221 5,226 5,172

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,724 1,695 1,492 1,914 1,765 1,954 1,915 1,784 1,674

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,986 3,328 3,237 3,224 3,299 3,305 3,295 3,441 3,459

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,139 151,458 150,235 149,339 150,961 151,324 151,582 151,720 151,522

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,794 13,753 13,567 14,149 14,022 13,897 13,942 13,885 13,911

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,345 137,706 136,668 135,189 136,887 137,504 137,615 137,786 137,605

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,157 100,845 100,208 99,704 100,333 100,892 100,844 100,833 100,787

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,559 35,664 35,392 34,809 35,511 35,693 35,672 35,689 35,665

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,231 32,884 32,732 32,381 32,501 32,857 32,796 32,881 32,902

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,367 32,298 32,084 32,514 32,320 32,343 32,376 32,263 32,221

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,188 36,860 36,460 35,485 36,554 36,612 36,771 36,954 36,817

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,046 82,440 81,798 82,279 82,686 82,894 83,194 83,041 83,031

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,286 2,404 2,294 2,560 2,435 2,506 2,561 2,540 2,559

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817 777 708 917 779 895 848 848 805

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,469 1,627 1,586 1,636 1,640 1,621 1,711 1,686 1,735

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,761 80,036 79,504 79,719 80,251 80,388 80,633 80,501 80,472

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,079 6,934 6,868 7,329 7,162 7,082 7,089 7,044 7,101

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,682 73,102 72,636 72,418 73,021 73,331 73,519 73,435 73,398

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,996 53,612 53,358 53,450 53,575 53,789 53,933 53,774 53,808

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,630 19,084 18,958 18,794 19,123 19,169 19,201 19,165 19,132

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,277 17,645 17,600 17,453 17,512 17,625 17,664 17,701 17,772

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,089 16,883 16,799 17,202 16,941 16,995 17,068 16,908 16,904

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,686 19,490 19,278 18,968 19,445 19,542 19,587 19,661 19,591

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,802 74,041 73,166 72,203 73,383 73,688 73,609 73,904 73,663

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,424 2,619 2,435 2,583 2,674 2,753 2,660 2,686 2,613

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907 918 784 997 986 1,059 1,067 936 869

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517 1,701 1,651 1,588 1,659 1,684 1,584 1,755 1,723

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,378 71,422 70,731 69,620 70,710 70,935 70,949 71,218 71,049

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,715 6,819 6,699 6,820 6,860 6,816 6,853 6,841 6,810

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,663 64,604 64,031 62,771 63,866 64,173 64,096 64,352 64,206

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,161 47,233 46,850 46,254 46,757 47,103 46,912 47,059 46,979

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,929 16,580 16,433 16,014 16,388 16,524 16,471 16,524 16,533

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,954 15,238 15,132 14,928 14,989 15,231 15,132 15,180 15,130

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,278 15,415 15,285 15,312 15,379 15,348 15,308 15,355 15,317

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,502 17,371 17,181 16,517 17,109 17,070 17,184 17,293 17,227

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,442 45,720 45,494 45,741 45,972 46,192 46,204 45,984 45,819

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,624 36,603 36,420 35,724 36,041 36,089 36,220 36,379 36,504

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,652 9,667 9,491 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,435 129,143 128,166 127,045 128,958 129,255 129,774 129,913 129,837

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,413 27,338 26,799 27,295 27,120 27,311 27,017 26,994 26,752

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,751 8,030 7,749 7,860 7,717 7,873 7,749 7,866 7,850

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,958 6,085 5,965 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,570 9,682 9,418 9,797 9,770 9,671 9,657 9,783 9,642

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Jan.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,641 6,294 6,535 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 827 745 767 13.9 12.6 12.0 12.0 12.5 12.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 329 286 282 14.7 13.8 10.6 13.2 13.8 14.4

18 to 19 years.................................. 496 476 479 13.3 12.1 12.9 11.5 12.1 12.2

20 years and over................................ 5,814 5,549 5,768 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,124 1,074 1,143 7.4 6.9 6.8 6.6 7.2 7.6

25 years and over.............................. 4,698 4,454 4,640 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 3,598 3,377 3,425 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3

25 to 34 years............................. 1,564 1,460 1,464 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 1,032 942 984 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 1,002 975 978 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.9

55 years and over........................... 1,102 1,090 1,207 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,632 3,401 3,545 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.9 4.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 436 402 419 14.6 13.3 12.6 12.3 13.7 14.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 138 148 149 13.1 14.6 11.1 14.8 14.9 15.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 287 269 261 14.9 12.9 13.5 11.1 13.7 13.1

20 years and over................................ 3,196 2,999 3,126 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 645 597 652 8.1 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.8 8.4

25 years and over.............................. 2,553 2,375 2,492 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 1,901 1,775 1,818 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.3

25 to 34 years............................. 800 730 795 4.1 3.5 3.7 3.3 3.7 4.0

35 to 44 years............................. 549 517 526 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 552 528 497 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.0 2.9

55 years and over........................... 652 600 673 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.3

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,009 2,894 2,990 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 391 343 347 13.1 11.9 11.4 11.7 11.3 11.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 191 138 133 16.1 13.1 10.1 11.9 12.9 13.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 208 207 218 11.6 11.3 12.3 12.0 10.5 11.2

20 years and over................................ 2,618 2,550 2,642 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 479 477 491 6.6 6.3 6.1 5.8 6.5 6.7

25 years and over.............................. 2,145 2,080 2,148 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2

25 to 54 years............................... 1,697 1,602 1,607 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3

25 to 34 years............................. 764 730 669 4.6 3.5 3.6 4.1 4.2 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 483 425 458 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 450 447 480 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.0

55 years and over........................... 425 501 515 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,068 964 992 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1

Married women, spouse present1................. 887 866 912 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

Women who maintain families2.................... 666 453 539 6.5 5.1 5.3 5.4 4.5 5.4

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 5,331 4,951 5,415 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.7 4.0

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,339 1,353 1,176 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.2

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,891 2,947 3,791 3,243 2,796 2,858 2,842 2,903 3,082

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,333 834 1,432 908 812 793 804 762 937

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,558 2,113 2,359 2,335 1,984 2,066 2,038 2,141 2,144

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,756 1,415 1,536 1,631 1,257 1,365 1,337 1,432 1,427

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 802 698 823 703 727 701 701 710 717

Job leavers........................................... 715 775 804 724 739 731 697 839 805

Reentrants............................................ 2,013 1,810 1,999 1,959 1,889 1,914 1,880 1,958 1,945

New entrants......................................... 571 496 547 638 588 605 577 588 606

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 54.1 48.9 53.1 49.4 46.5 46.8 47.4 46.2 47.9

On temporary layoff.............................. 18.5 13.8 20.1 13.8 13.5 13.0 13.4 12.1 14.6

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 35.6 35.0 33.0 35.6 33.0 33.8 34.0 34.1 33.3

Job leavers........................................... 9.9 12.9 11.3 11.0 12.3 12.0 11.6 13.3 12.5

Reentrants............................................ 28.0 30.0 28.0 29.8 31.4 31.3 31.4 31.1 30.2

New entrants......................................... 7.9 8.2 7.7 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.6 9.3 9.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.4 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9

Job leavers........................................... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,655 2,050 2,751 2,271 2,065 2,062 2,128 2,126 2,325

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,064 1,901 2,169 1,927 1,751 1,845 1,842 2,027 2,013

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,470 2,078 2,221 2,387 2,240 2,229 2,124 2,203 2,153

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 972 859 905 959 861 859 865 897 902

27 weeks and over............................... 1,498 1,219 1,316 1,428 1,379 1,370 1,259 1,306 1,252

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 22.7 21.5 19.2 23.9 24.1 22.4 21.7 21.8 20.5

Median duration, in weeks......................... 8.9 8.9 8.3 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.0 9.1 8.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 36.9 34.0 38.5 34.5 34.1 33.6 34.9 33.4 35.8

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 28.7 31.5 30.4 29.3 28.9 30.1 30.2 31.9 31.0

15 weeks and over.................................. 34.4 34.5 31.1 36.3 37.0 36.3 34.9 34.7 33.2

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 13.5 14.2 12.7 14.6 14.2 14.0 14.2 14.1 13.9

27 weeks and over............................... 20.8 20.2 18.4 21.7 22.8 22.3 20.7 20.5 19.3

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 152,848 154,964 7,189 7,140 4.5 4.4

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 62,123 63,818 1,374 1,607 2.2 2.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,480 26,733 513 676 2.0 2.5

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,643 37,085 861 931 2.3 2.4

Service occupations................................................ 25,725 25,770 1,617 1,504 5.9 5.5

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,454 33,159 1,495 1,514 4.3 4.4

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,725 15,438 754 731 4.6 4.5

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,729 17,721 741 783 4.0 4.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,212 14,277 1,078 1,081 7.1 7.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,090 1,119 166 257 13.2 18.6

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,226 8,453 755 689 8.4 7.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,897 4,705 157 136 3.1 2.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,334 17,940 1,050 870 5.7 4.6

Production occupations.......................................... 8,495 8,417 401 372 4.5 4.2

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 8,839 9,522 649 498 6.8 5.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,189 7,140 4.5 4.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,622 5,401 4.5 4.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 29 44 4.1 5.3

Construction.......................................................................... 707 638 7.3 6.4

Manufacturing........................................................................ 526 533 3.4 3.3

Durable goods..................................................................... 318 334 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................ 207 199 3.7 3.4

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,081 942 5.3 4.8

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 232 253 3.5 3.6

Information............................................................................ 146 120 5.3 4.7

Financial activities................................................................... 216 242 2.2 2.4

Professional and business services............................................... 849 847 5.0 4.9

Education and health services..................................................... 641 648 2.7 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 903 875 6.8 6.4

Other services........................................................................ 293 259 4.4 3.9

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 168 257 10.0 14.1

Government workers................................................................... 474 567 2.2 2.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 354 369 3.5 3.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.4 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.5 3.7 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.8 3.9 4.7 4.4 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.5 4.6 5.3 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 8.9 7.5 8.8 8.2 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 8.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2019

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 96,743 96,135 39,048 39,060 57,695 57,075

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,364 5,435 2,427 2,610 2,937 2,825

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,653 1,614 917 802 736 813

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 451 426 282 240 169 186

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,202 1,188 635 561 567 627

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,751 7,749 3,931 3,846 3,820 3,904

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.7 5.3 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,207 4,452 2,330 2,399 1,877 2,053

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,042 1,879 762 636 1,280 1,243

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 339 249 207 183 132 66

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,109 1,133 600 619 509 514

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Change

from:

Dec.2018 -

Jan.2019p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,428 151,375 151,182 148,201 147,767 150,048 150,270 150,574 304

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,203 128,415 128,332 125,851 125,393 127,566 127,772 128,068 296

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,883 20,991 20,879 20,542 20,386 20,921 20,974 21,046 72

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 751 752 746 699 748 753 760 7

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 47.4 47.6 46.4 50.6 46.5 47.4 47.5 0.1

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637.2 703.4 704.7 700.0 648.8 701.0 705.4 712.3 6.9

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.0 148.6 148.3 148.7 141.2 147.9 148.3 149.9 1.6

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.4 194.7 193.0 189.2 188.3 194.1 195.1 195.8 0.7

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.8 52.3 53.0 52.7 50.9 52.3 52.8 52.7 -0.1

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 40.7 40.9 40.8 40.7 41.0 41.0 41.1 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.1 101.7 99.1 95.7 96.7 100.8 101.3 102.1 0.8

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315.8 360.1 363.4 362.1 319.3 359.0 362.0 366.6 4.6

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,729 7,457 7,314 7,069 7,126 7,384 7,412 7,464 52

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,526.4 1,658.3 1,644.5 1,605.3 1,581.4 1,648.1 1,652.7 1,660.7 8.0

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749.6 827.1 825.4 806.8 778.9 822.0 826.0 834.8 8.8

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776.8 831.2 819.1 798.5 802.5 826.1 826.7 825.9 -0.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 897.8 1,089.3 1,033.5 972.7 1,017.1 1,071.7 1,080.6 1,090.8 10.2

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,305.2 4,709.1 4,635.6 4,491.4 4,527.9 4,663.8 4,678.4 4,712.7 34.3

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,891.6 2,067.1 2,025.4 1,967.6 1,989.4 2,050.3 2,049.1 2,064.2 15.1

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,413.6 2,642.0 2,610.2 2,523.8 2,538.5 2,613.5 2,629.3 2,648.5 19.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,468 12,783 12,813 12,727 12,561 12,789 12,809 12,822 13

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,798 8,018 8,045 8,019 7,838 8,022 8,039 8,059 20

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.3 409.4 406.1 403.9 400.9 408.9 406.3 409.4 3.1

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.3 419.0 415.5 407.1 412.7 418.0 419.2 421.3 2.1

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375.2 380.2 384.3 383.3 375.1 381.1 382.3 383.2 0.9

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,439.4 1,475.3 1,482.3 1,478.2 1,445.3 1,476.2 1,481.5 1,484.5 3.0

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,097.2 1,132.0 1,137.7 1,138.0 1,098.9 1,134.6 1,137.5 1,140.2 2.7

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,043.4 1,061.4 1,068.4 1,066.4 1,047.0 1,063.4 1,067.2 1,069.9 2.7

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 155.1 157.7 157.9 159.6 155.9 157.9 157.9 159.9 2.0

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.0 85.8 86.6 84.4 86.2 85.8 86.4 84.7 -1.7

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.4 370.3 372.4 373.9 366.2 371.3 372.2 375.7 3.5

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.2 413.6 416.9 416.0 404.8 414.8 416.5 416.8 0.3

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 34.0 34.6 32.5 33.9 33.7 34.2 32.7 -1.5

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 390.4 404.2 406.4 405.3 391.6 404.6 406.0 406.7 0.7

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,669.5 1,728.6 1,735.6 1,734.2 1,671.4 1,728.7 1,732.0 1,735.6 3.6

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983.3 1,004.0 1,008.7 1,005.1 984.0 1,003.9 1,005.7 1,006.4 0.7

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391.4 394.1 394.6 393.0 393.8 395.1 394.6 395.1 0.5

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596.9 613.9 614.1 609.2 600.9 611.5 612.8 613.2 0.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,670 4,765 4,768 4,708 4,723 4,767 4,770 4,763 -7

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,586.2 1,628.8 1,628.4 1,602.4 1,610.6 1,630.1 1,630.2 1,628.2 -2.0

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 112.9 113.0 111.6 112.5 112.6 112.6 111.9 -0.7

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.7 116.0 116.3 114.0 116.3 115.7 116.1 114.6 -1.5

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.1 109.7 108.7 108.9 115.3 109.1 108.4 109.8 1.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.4 368.4 370.6 367.4 363.7 369.2 370.6 368.9 -1.7

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 431.5 429.4 427.5 421.0 434.2 427.4 425.1 423.8 -1.3

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.3 114.6 114.6 112.3 114.3 115.1 116.6 116.5 -0.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829.3 847.2 850.2 844.0 832.0 849.5 847.9 847.6 -0.3

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722.7 735.9 738.4 730.6 727.8 736.2 737.7 735.5 -2.2

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.0 301.8 300.5 296.0 296.4 302.1 304.7 306.0 1.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,320 107,424 107,453 105,309 105,007 106,645 106,798 107,022 224

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,339 28,387 28,506 27,657 27,502 27,783 27,776 27,828 52

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,778.6 5,903.1 5,913.9 5,860.0 5,824.1 5,888.8 5,899.7 5,904.4 4.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,109.1 3,181.6 3,194.9 3,177.2 3,127.3 3,180.6 3,189.0 3,195.4 6.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,124.9 2,168.5 2,166.5 2,134.7 2,149.4 2,157.2 2,160.3 2,158.1 -2.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Change

from:

Dec.2018 -

Jan.2019p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.6 553.0 552.5 548.1 547.4 551.0 550.4 550.9 0.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,718.6 16,291.3 16,300.9 15,743.0 15,809.4 15,826.9 15,814.9 15,835.7 20.8

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,990.9 2,028.1 2,025.8 2,012.8 2,011.7 2,027.7 2,033.5 2,034.1 0.6

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,288.8 1,302.4 1,303.5 1,296.8 1,295.7 1,300.7 1,304.8 1,303.9 -0.9

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.9 154.2 152.3 149.8 158.5 159.0 159.9 160.5 0.6

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 554.2 571.5 570.0 566.2 557.6 568.0 568.8 569.6 0.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 484.8 500.2 507.1 494.8 478.8 483.4 484.9 487.5 2.6

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 503.7 484.7 482.7 479.3 491.9 468.8 468.8 470.3 1.5

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,238.8 1,270.5 1,264.4 1,236.4 1,302.4 1,300.0 1,300.3 1,300.6 0.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,066.2 3,122.9 3,137.5 3,094.9 3,082.9 3,099.4 3,106.1 3,109.0 2.9

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,069.9 1,082.9 1,090.1 1,066.6 1,065.0 1,064.8 1,064.2 1,061.5 -2.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918.0 942.6 939.2 935.6 931.2 939.4 942.6 948.0 5.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,365.7 1,479.4 1,479.9 1,354.7 1,359.0 1,351.7 1,349.8 1,350.5 0.7

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599.9 591.5 596.2 567.1 597.7 547.0 543.2 560.6 17.4

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,112.6 3,333.6 3,316.2 3,101.3 3,094.7 3,128.3 3,100.4 3,088.3 -12.1

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,175.6 1,270.7 1,278.1 1,159.1 1,154.0 1,157.5 1,141.6 1,138.8 -2.8

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,937.0 2,062.9 2,038.1 1,942.2 1,940.7 1,970.8 1,958.7 1,949.5 -9.2

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.7 854.6 858.9 825.6 828.4 839.7 844.7 847.9 3.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563.4 600.3 602.9 573.9 565.7 576.7 576.4 577.4 1.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,289.6 5,638.3 5,735.7 5,502.6 5,314.7 5,512.1 5,507.2 5,533.8 26.6

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.5 502.5 504.8 505.5 496.8 504.6 506.9 509.3 2.4

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210.3 217.0 217.0 215.2 212.4 216.5 217.2 217.3 0.1

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 64.0 63.7 63.1 65.0 64.8 64.8 65.1 0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,444.2 1,518.1 1,511.3 1,486.9 1,472.0 1,508.3 1,511.3 1,514.9 3.6

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.5 504.0 503.5 496.1 485.9 487.6 487.9 486.3 -1.6

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.7 48.0 48.0 47.8 47.8 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 24.7 30.3 29.3 24.8 35.0 34.9 35.0 35.0 0.0

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 696.4 725.1 727.1 716.2 702.4 722.5 722.0 721.9 -0.1

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723.3 822.1 925.3 765.3 699.7 750.7 741.9 748.7 6.8

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,091.0 1,207.4 1,205.9 1,181.8 1,097.5 1,174.2 1,172.4 1,187.5 15.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.0 554.2 555.5 551.7 554.1 554.8 554.6 554.1 -0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,772 2,854 2,834 2,779 2,812 2,829 2,825 2,821 -4

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 727.8 737.2 735.7 729.2 730.5 734.2 732.5 732.1 -0.4

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.3 449.1 436.1 403.1 429.8 433.2 436.9 434.6 -2.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267.6 274.1 271.8 266.6 268.9 271.9 269.7 267.8 -1.9

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758.7 743.3 738.8 729.6 760.8 740.1 734.3 732.3 -2.0

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.5 331.1 330.0 332.0 324.9 331.6 331.0 334.1 3.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.3 318.7 322.0 318.7 296.9 318.3 320.1 320.5 0.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,448 8,609 8,623 8,574 8,502 8,614 8,618 8,631 13

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,266.4 6,336.9 6,339.1 6,317.0 6,279.5 6,332.8 6,329.8 6,332.7 2.9

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.2 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.3 19.6 19.6 19.7 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,638.5 2,641.8 2,642.0 2,634.8 2,642.2 2,643.2 2,639.9 2,639.9 0.0

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,710.8 1,710.4 1,712.2 1,713.2 1,712.3 1,714.2 1,714.2 1,715.0 0.8

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,319.7 1,313.1 1,313.5 1,313.9 1,320.6 1,316.3 1,315.3 1,315.2 -0.1

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 617.3 621.7 620.5 613.0 618.6 619.6 617.3 615.5 -1.8

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 310.4 309.7 309.3 308.6 311.3 309.4 308.4 309.5 1.1

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 941.3 968.1 969.5 963.4 946.2 967.4 968.2 969.0 0.8

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,667.4 2,707.4 2,708.0 2,699.2 2,671.8 2,702.6 2,702.1 2,704.1 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,181.2 2,272.5 2,283.4 2,256.8 2,222.9 2,280.7 2,288.2 2,297.9 9.7

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,614.9 1,675.6 1,688.2 1,669.6 1,636.3 1,677.5 1,684.4 1,690.1 5.7

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.5 573.5 571.7 564.6 564.2 580.0 580.5 584.6 4.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Change

from:

Dec.2018 -

Jan.2019p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 21.8 23.4 23.5 22.6 22.4 23.2 23.3 23.2 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,328 21,444 21,341 20,866 20,730 21,217 21,246 21,276 30

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,149.1 9,442.7 9,467.8 9,433.7 9,164.2 9,417.6 9,436.0 9,451.4 15.4

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,131.2 1,143.1 1,147.1 1,132.2 1,138.8 1,140.9 1,140.1 1,140.1 0.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,051.6 1,009.0 1,029.7 1,087.5 992.1 1,028.5 1,030.6 1,028.4 -2.2

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,436.3 1,496.0 1,495.8 1,471.9 1,456.8 1,493.3 1,494.4 1,493.4 -1.0

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.3 148.1 148.7 146.3 141.5 146.1 146.4 148.2 1.8

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,079.5 2,171.5 2,164.4 2,166.4 2,082.9 2,158.0 2,164.0 2,171.0 7.0

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,444.6 1,519.4 1,519.3 1,488.7 1,463.7 1,503.7 1,505.5 1,508.3 2.8

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672.1 706.6 710.8 706.8 676.3 706.6 710.2 711.4 1.2

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 479.1 492.7 493.8 486.8 485.5 491.5 492.5 493.2 0.7

Other professional and technical services. . . 715.4 756.3 758.2 747.1 726.6 749.1 752.4 757.3 4.9

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,330.2 2,392.4 2,397.9 2,388.7 2,338.2 2,391.9 2,394.7 2,397.6 2.9

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,848.7 9,609.1 9,475.0 9,043.8 9,227.6 9,407.7 9,415.7 9,427.3 11.6

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,429.4 9,164.9 9,030.0 8,601.9 8,801.5 8,962.4 8,968.7 8,978.9 10.2

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 509.5 521.1 519.3 520.1 511.8 519.2 519.1 522.4 3.3

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.6 154.7 155.0 155.0 151.9 154.6 155.2 156.2 1.0

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,471.0 3,878.8 3,854.7 3,562.8 3,637.4 3,715.1 3,726.6 3,729.3 2.7

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,830.4 3,199.7 3,173.0 2,909.1 2,975.7 3,046.3 3,054.2 3,055.2 1.0

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.2 923.5 920.6 906.5 901.7 900.3 897.7 902.9 5.2

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.5 216.1 214.1 213.3 218.4 218.1 216.9 218.5 1.6

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 926.9 956.2 954.8 931.3 936.8 947.9 948.1 943.3 -4.8

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,939.0 2,188.0 2,086.0 1,986.3 2,123.1 2,177.5 2,174.0 2,173.9 -0.1

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.7 326.5 325.5 326.6 320.5 329.8 331.1 332.3 1.2

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419.3 444.2 445.0 441.9 426.1 445.3 447.0 448.4 1.4

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,262 24,089 24,091 23,784 23,445 23,845 23,912 23,967 55

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,588.3 3,921.6 3,851.2 3,628.5 3,713.9 3,731.6 3,743.6 3,752.4 8.8

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,674.1 20,167.8 20,239.7 20,155.3 19,730.8 20,113.2 20,168.7 20,214.1 45.4

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,805.6 16,177.2 16,247.2 16,175.4 15,857.9 16,135.2 16,184.1 16,225.7 41.6

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,367.8 7,603.1 7,648.8 7,604.6 7,400.0 7,577.3 7,613.8 7,635.9 22.1

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,587.6 2,650.4 2,663.8 2,639.2 2,596.2 2,640.3 2,646.4 2,648.4 2.0

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942.9 966.4 975.3 973.0 945.3 964.3 971.0 974.6 3.6

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 907.7 951.9 957.3 951.2 912.7 947.0 953.8 956.1 2.3

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917.6 950.9 956.9 953.6 919.5 949.1 953.5 955.7 2.2

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 271.6 280.7 284.2 287.5 272.5 281.0 282.9 288.2 5.3

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,435.3 1,497.1 1,507.1 1,496.4 1,444.6 1,490.4 1,500.8 1,505.2 4.4

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.1 305.7 304.2 303.7 309.0 305.2 305.4 307.7 2.3

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,093.2 5,198.6 5,207.4 5,206.3 5,102.1 5,188.9 5,195.4 5,214.2 18.8

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,344.6 3,375.5 3,391.0 3,364.5 3,355.8 3,369.0 3,374.9 3,375.6 0.7

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,611.5 1,611.5 1,617.8 1,601.0 1,614.4 1,607.0 1,609.4 1,604.3 -5.1

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 638.6 644.6 648.8 643.8 640.6 644.8 646.9 646.2 -0.7

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930.7 951.9 955.4 950.3 935.2 949.8 949.5 954.3 4.8

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 163.8 167.5 169.0 169.4 165.6 167.4 169.1 170.8 1.7

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,868.5 3,990.6 3,992.5 3,979.9 3,872.9 3,978.0 3,984.6 3,988.4 3.8

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,407.0 2,500.3 2,503.9 2,499.8 2,413.0 2,500.0 2,505.4 2,508.7 3.3

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 171.8 178.4 179.4 174.7 170.8 178.3 177.2 174.5 -2.7

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 326.9 330.3 329.9 327.9 331.6 330.4 330.8 332.5 1.7

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962.8 981.6 979.3 977.5 957.4 969.2 971.1 972.7 1.6

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,437 16,182 16,201 15,845 16,208 16,489 16,544 16,618 74

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,096.2 2,261.2 2,260.6 2,190.9 2,368.8 2,433.3 2,439.5 2,471.3 31.8

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 435.4 500.5 492.9 446.8 497.7 516.0 513.8 513.5 -0.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.3 168.7 166.2 158.2 168.6 174.1 174.2 174.0 -0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Change

from:

Dec.2018 -

Jan.2019p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,507.5 1,592.0 1,601.5 1,585.9 1,702.5 1,743.2 1,751.5 1,783.8 32.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,340.7 13,920.6 13,940.5 13,653.8 13,839.2 14,055.6 14,104.0 14,147.0 43.0

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,911.4 1,969.2 1,966.1 1,937.2 2,014.4 2,029.5 2,034.2 2,040.6 6.4

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,429.3 11,951.4 11,974.4 11,716.6 11,824.8 12,026.1 12,069.8 12,106.4 36.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,734 5,859 5,857 5,804 5,808 5,868 5,877 5,881 4

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,306.7 1,330.6 1,331.4 1,320.6 1,321.1 1,335.1 1,336.8 1,336.0 -0.8

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,473.5 1,525.5 1,524.9 1,497.1 1,494.8 1,521.1 1,523.4 1,521.1 -2.3

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,954.2 3,003.2 3,001.1 2,986.3 2,991.8 3,011.5 3,016.4 3,024.3 7.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,225 22,960 22,850 22,350 22,374 22,482 22,498 22,506 8

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,786.0 2,807.0 2,815.0 2,789.0 2,795.0 2,804.0 2,799.0 2,800.0 1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,173.4 2,191.2 2,186.7 2,182.8 2,183.5 2,193.0 2,192.0 2,193.5 1.5

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612.7 615.9 628.2 606.0 611.5 611.0 607.3 606.9 -0.4

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,054.0 5,361.0 5,301.0 5,088.0 5,147.0 5,180.0 5,188.0 5,186.0 -2.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,394.9 2,671.7 2,616.5 2,404.3 2,475.6 2,483.8 2,493.8 2,489.3 -4.5

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,659.0 2,689.7 2,684.0 2,684.0 2,670.9 2,695.9 2,694.6 2,696.4 1.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,385.0 14,792.0 14,734.0 14,473.0 14,432.0 14,498.0 14,511.0 14,520.0 9.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,021.9 8,303.7 8,284.8 8,064.5 7,934.2 7,970.4 7,976.9 7,978.1 1.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,363.4 6,488.1 6,449.3 6,408.9 6,497.7 6,527.7 6,534.5 6,541.5 7.0

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.4 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 40.2 40.6 40.7

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.2 45.9 46.3 46.1

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 38.7 39.4 39.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.8 40.8 40.9 40.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.1 41.2 41.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.5 34.3 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.1 30.9 30.6 30.5

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 39.1 39.0 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 41.9 42.4 42.4 42.5

Information......................................................................... 35.8 36.1 36.2 35.9

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.6 37.6 37.7

Professional and business services............................................ 35.9 36.1 36.1 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 32.9 33.0 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.0 25.9 26.0 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.7 31.9 31.9 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Total private............................................... $26.71 $27.43 $27.53 $27.56 $918.82 $943.59 $949.79 $950.82

Goods-producing....................................... 27.90 28.49 28.60 28.47 1,124.37 1,145.30 1,161.16 1,158.73

Mining and logging.................................. 32.29 32.84 32.73 32.67 1,459.51 1,507.36 1,515.40 1,506.09

Construction.......................................... 29.36 30.26 30.39 30.19 1,147.98 1,171.06 1,197.37 1,204.58

Manufacturing........................................ 26.84 27.24 27.33 27.21 1,095.07 1,111.39 1,117.80 1,110.17

Durable goods.................................... 28.15 28.71 28.81 28.66 1,159.78 1,179.98 1,186.97 1,177.93

Nondurable goods................................ 24.60 24.71 24.78 24.69 986.46 993.34 998.63 990.07

Private service-providing.............................. 26.43 27.18 27.27 27.35 877.48 905.09 908.09 910.76

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.98 23.63 23.80 23.85 792.81 815.24 816.34 815.67

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.07 30.82 30.92 30.93 1,172.73 1,201.98 1,205.88 1,206.27

Retail trade........................................ 18.42 19.07 19.24 19.32 572.86 589.26 588.74 589.26

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.17 24.40 24.51 24.54 937.80 954.04 955.89 949.70

Utilities............................................. 39.53 41.13 41.50 41.31 1,656.31 1,743.91 1,759.60 1,755.68

Information........................................... 39.06 41.02 41.36 41.92 1,398.35 1,480.82 1,497.23 1,504.93

Financial activities................................... 34.23 35.31 35.41 35.51 1,287.05 1,327.66 1,331.42 1,338.73

Professional and business services.............. 32.10 32.93 32.97 33.01 1,152.39 1,188.77 1,190.22 1,194.96

Education and health services..................... 26.69 27.27 27.32 27.43 878.10 897.18 901.56 905.19

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.74 16.21 16.27 16.30 409.24 419.84 423.02 425.43

Other services....................................... 24.25 24.80 24.89 24.97 768.73 791.12 793.99 796.54

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2018 -

Jan.

2019p

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2018 -

Jan.

2019p

Total private..................................... 108.3 110.1 110.6 110.9 0.3 138.2 144.4 145.6 146.1 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 93.6 95.8 97.0 97.6 0.6 118.0 123.4 125.4 125.6 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 99.3 107.9 109.6 110.1 0.5 128.7 142.2 144.0 144.4 0.3

Construction................................ 96.0 98.5 100.7 102.7 2.0 122.5 129.5 132.9 134.7 1.4

Manufacturing.............................. 92.2 93.9 94.2 94.1 -0.1 115.1 118.9 119.8 119.1 -0.6

Durable goods........................... 90.9 92.8 93.2 93.3 0.1 113.7 118.4 119.3 118.7 -0.5

Nondurable goods...................... 94.5 95.7 95.9 95.3 -0.6 118.0 119.9 120.6 119.4 -1.0

Private service-providing.................... 112.2 114.3 114.4 114.7 0.3 144.1 150.9 151.6 152.4 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.5 104.5 103.9 103.8 -0.1 128.1 133.1 133.3 133.4 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 100.2 101.3 101.5 101.6 0.1 126.0 130.6 131.3 131.4 0.1

Retail trade.............................. 99.8 99.3 98.3 98.1 -0.2 121.5 125.2 125.0 125.2 0.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 117.9 123.2 122.8 122.4 -0.3 144.5 152.5 152.6 152.4 -0.1

Utilities.................................... 100.4 101.8 101.7 101.9 0.2 131.2 138.3 139.5 139.1 -0.3

Information................................. 91.9 93.3 93.4 92.5 -1.0 127.9 136.2 137.5 138.1 0.4

Financial activities......................... 104.7 106.1 106.1 106.6 0.5 139.8 146.1 146.6 147.6 0.7

Professional and business services..... 116.7 120.1 120.3 120.8 0.4 151.7 160.1 160.5 161.4 0.6

Education and health services........... 125.9 128.1 128.8 129.1 0.2 161.7 168.1 169.3 170.4 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 120.2 121.9 122.7 123.8 0.9 152.7 159.4 161.1 162.7 1.0

Other services............................. 106.2 107.9 108.1 108.2 0.1 141.1 146.7 147.5 148.0 0.3

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Total nonfarm............................................. 73,234 74,605 74,721 74,871 49.6 49.7 49.7 49.7

Total private............................................ 60,378 61,640 61,742 61,887 48.2 48.3 48.3 48.3

Goods-producing.................................... 4,478 4,651 4,653 4,672 22.0 22.2 22.2 22.2

Mining and logging............................... 90 95 95 96 12.9 12.7 12.6 12.6

Construction....................................... 910 958 957 961 12.8 13.0 12.9 12.9

Manufacturing..................................... 3,478 3,598 3,601 3,615 27.7 28.1 28.1 28.2

Durable goods.................................. 1,835 1,908 1,911 1,915 23.4 23.8 23.8 23.8

Nondurable goods............................. 1,643 1,690 1,690 1,700 34.8 35.5 35.4 35.7

Private service-providing........................... 55,900 56,989 57,089 57,215 53.2 53.4 53.5 53.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,015 11,154 11,132 11,163 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1

Wholesale trade................................ 1,724.1 1,764.3 1,770.0 1,773.3 29.6 30.0 30.0 30.0

Retail trade..................................... 7,855.1 7,882.9 7,855.8 7,878.2 49.7 49.8 49.7 49.7

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,309.1 1,376.0 1,375.4 1,381.4 24.6 25.0 25.0 25.0

Utilities........................................... 126.5 130.4 130.6 130.3 22.8 23.5 23.5 23.5

Information......................................... 1,110 1,115 1,112 1,111 39.5 39.4 39.4 39.4

Financial activities................................ 4,809 4,868 4,867 4,870 56.6 56.5 56.5 56.4

Professional and business services............ 9,347 9,623 9,646 9,637 45.1 45.4 45.4 45.3

Education and health services.................. 18,052 18,411 18,466 18,507 77.0 77.2 77.2 77.2

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,491 8,689 8,727 8,780 52.4 52.7 52.8 52.8

Other services..................................... 3,076 3,129 3,139 3,147 53.0 53.3 53.4 53.5

Government............................................. 12,856 12,965 12,979 12,984 57.5 57.7 57.7 57.7

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Total private............................................................................... 103,304 105,051 105,261 105,481

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,670 15,015 15,076 15,127

Mining and logging.................................................................. 518 558 560 567

Construction.......................................................................... 5,330 5,491 5,533 5,576

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,822 8,966 8,983 8,984

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,384 5,523 5,540 5,550

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,438 3,443 3,443 3,434

Private service-providing.............................................................. 88,634 90,036 90,185 90,354

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,240 23,495 23,495 23,544

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,672.6 4,729.5 4,743.2 4,749.1

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,492.5 13,508.0 13,501.1 13,527.0

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,628.7 4,813.1 4,806.7 4,824.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 445.7 444.3 443.7 443.5

Information............................................................................ 2,263 2,284 2,283 2,274

Financial activities................................................................... 6,597 6,668 6,676 6,686

Professional and business services............................................... 16,870 17,306 17,337 17,353

Education and health services..................................................... 20,595 20,931 20,987 21,040

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,264 14,489 14,536 14,581

Other services........................................................................ 4,805 4,863 4,871 4,876

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.7 33.7 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.3 41.2 41.5 41.7

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.1 46.1 46.5 46.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.7 39.3 40.0 40.6

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.9 42.0 42.1 42.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.2 42.3 42.5 42.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 41.4 41.3 41.4

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.9 33.9 33.7 33.7

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.9 38.8 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.4 30.2 30.0 29.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.3 38.4 38.3 38.2

Utilities........................................................................... 42.9 42.8 42.6 42.7

Information......................................................................... 35.5 35.5 35.5 35.3

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 36.9 36.9 36.8

Professional and business services............................................ 35.1 35.3 35.4 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 24.8 24.8 24.8

Other services..................................................................... 30.6 30.9 30.8 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Total private............................................... $22.36 $22.99 $23.09 $23.12 $751.30 $774.76 $778.13 $779.14

Goods-producing....................................... 23.61 24.29 24.38 24.36 975.09 1,000.75 1,011.77 1,015.81

Mining and logging.................................. 27.93 28.86 28.72 29.03 1,287.57 1,330.45 1,335.48 1,341.19

Construction.......................................... 27.18 28.14 28.18 28.07 1,079.05 1,105.90 1,127.20 1,139.64

Manufacturing........................................ 21.29 21.78 21.85 21.81 892.05 914.76 919.89 916.02

Durable goods.................................... 22.28 22.72 22.81 22.74 940.22 961.06 969.43 964.18

Nondurable goods................................ 19.71 20.23 20.26 20.27 815.99 837.52 836.74 839.18

Private service-providing.............................. 22.10 22.72 22.82 22.85 716.04 736.13 739.37 738.06

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.51 20.17 20.34 20.33 661.39 683.76 685.46 685.12

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.67 25.53 25.70 25.54 959.66 993.12 997.16 993.51

Retail trade........................................ 15.55 16.14 16.29 16.31 472.72 487.43 488.70 487.67

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.56 21.99 22.15 22.20 825.75 844.42 848.35 848.04

Utilities............................................. 36.42 37.11 37.15 37.13 1,562.42 1,588.31 1,582.59 1,585.45

Information........................................... 31.23 32.70 32.91 33.04 1,108.67 1,160.85 1,168.31 1,166.31

Financial activities................................... 26.70 27.17 27.22 27.21 987.90 1,002.57 1,004.42 1,001.33

Professional and business services.............. 26.44 27.08 27.14 27.16 928.04 955.92 960.76 961.46

Education and health services..................... 23.38 23.91 23.97 24.05 752.84 769.90 771.83 774.41

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.61 14.12 14.19 14.25 337.53 350.18 351.91 353.40

Other services....................................... 20.47 21.01 21.10 21.25 626.38 649.21 649.88 654.50

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2018 -

Jan.

2019p

Jan.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018p

Jan.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2018 -

Jan.

2019p

Total private..................................... 115.6 118.0 118.2 118.4 0.2 172.8 181.2 182.4 183.0 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 92.6 94.5 95.6 96.4 0.8 133.9 140.6 142.7 143.8 0.8

Mining and logging........................ 126.9 136.7 138.4 139.2 0.6 206.1 229.4 231.1 235.0 1.7

Construction................................ 105.9 108.0 110.8 113.4 2.3 155.5 164.2 168.6 171.8 1.9

Manufacturing.............................. 84.9 86.4 86.8 86.6 -0.2 118.1 123.1 124.1 123.5 -0.5

Durable goods........................... 85.4 87.8 88.5 88.4 -0.1 118.7 124.5 126.0 125.5 -0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 83.9 84.0 83.8 83.8 0.0 116.8 120.1 120.0 120.0 0.0

Private service-providing.................... 122.3 124.2 124.4 124.3 -0.1 185.3 193.6 194.7 194.8 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 110.0 111.2 110.6 110.8 0.2 153.2 160.2 160.6 160.8 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 107.9 109.2 109.2 109.6 0.4 157.1 164.5 165.7 165.3 -0.2

Retail trade.............................. 103.8 103.2 102.5 102.4 -0.1 138.3 142.8 143.1 143.0 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 133.3 139.0 138.5 138.6 0.1 182.3 193.9 194.5 195.2 0.4

Utilities.................................... 97.8 97.2 96.7 96.8 0.1 148.7 150.6 149.9 150.1 0.1

Information................................. 91.7 92.5 92.5 91.6 -1.0 141.8 149.8 150.7 149.9 -0.5

Financial activities......................... 114.9 115.8 116.0 115.8 -0.2 188.8 193.6 194.2 193.9 -0.2

Professional and business services..... 132.4 136.6 137.2 137.3 0.1 208.2 220.0 221.5 221.8 0.1

Education and health services........... 141.4 143.7 144.1 144.4 0.2 218.2 226.8 228.0 229.3 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 129.6 131.6 132.0 132.5 0.4 200.3 211.1 212.8 214.3 0.7

Other services............................. 103.1 105.4 105.2 105.3 0.1 153.8 161.3 161.8 163.1 0.8

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.