For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, March 21, 2023 USDL-23-0537 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS — 2022

The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any 

time since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—declined to 3.1

percent in 2022 and the rate for all veterans decreased to 2.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics reported today. In August 2022, 41 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a serviceconnected disability, compared with 27 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample 

survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment, unemployment, 

and persons not in the labor force in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly 

in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2022 annual averages presented in this news 

release. In August 2022, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information about veterans 

on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' current or past Reserve or National 

Guard membership. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans 

Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. For 

more information, see the Technical Note in this news release. 

Highlights from the 2022 data:

• The unemployment rate for all veterans (2.8 percent) was lower than the rate for nonveterans 

(3.6 percent) in 2022. (See table A.)

• Unemployment rates for both male and female veterans decreased to 2.8 percent in 2022. 

(See table A.)

• Unemployment rates for White and Black veterans were lower than for their nonveteran 

counterparts in 2022, while the rates for Asian and Hispanic veterans were not statistically 

different than their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 1.)

• Among the 250,000 unemployed veterans in 2022, 54 percent were ages 25 to 54, 39 percent 

were age 55 and over, and 7 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

• Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate of veterans with a serviceconnected disability was little changed at 3.4 percent and the rate for veterans with no 

disability decreased to 1.9 percent in August 2022. (See table 7.)
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• Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 

percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent 

or higher in August 2022 (94.8 percent compared with 65.9 percent). (See table 7.)

• In August 2022, 27 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked 

in the public sector, compared with 22 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 percent 

of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

• In 2022, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from 0.7

percent in North Dakota to 5.2 percent in Nevada. (See table 6A.)

The Veteran Population

In 2022, 18.4 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 7 percent of the 

civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, about 1 in 10 were women. 

In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active 

duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. 

Veterans are much more likely to be men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In 

part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during World War II, the Korean 

War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now 65 years and over. Veterans who served during 

these wartime periods accounted for about one-third (6.2 million) of the total veteran population 

in 2022. Forty-four percent of veterans (8.1 million) served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 

to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 to present). Twenty-two percent (4.0

million) served outside these designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Gulf War-era II Veterans 

In 2022, there were 4.9 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II (September 2001 

to present). Eighteen percent of these veterans were women, compared with about 4 percent of 

veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Thirty-six percent of all Gulf 

War-era II veterans were between the ages of 35 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

In 2022, the unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans declined to 3.1 percent and was 

below the rate in 2019 (3.5 percent) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among Gulf War-era II 

veterans, the unemployment rates for men and women were little different from each other and 

both declined in 2022 (to 3.1 percent and 2.9 percent, respectively). (See table A.) 

The overall unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.1 percent, was lower than 

the rate for male nonveterans, at 3.7 percent, in 2022. By age, unemployment rates for male Gulf 

War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different, with one exception: 45- to 

54-year-old male Gulf War-era II veterans had an unemployment rate of 1.6 percent, lower than 

the rate of 2.4 percent for their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 2B.) 

The overall unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans, at 2.9 percent, was not 

statistically different from the rate for female nonveterans (3.5 percent) in 2022. By age, 
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unemployment rates for female Gulf War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically 

different. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more likely to work in management, professional, 

and related occupations than employed nonveteran men (43 percent and 40 percent, 

respectively), while these veterans were less likely to work in sales and office occupations than 

their nonveteran counterparts (12 percent and 14 percent, respectively). Employed Gulf War-era 

II veteran women were less likely to work in service occupations than their nonveteran 

counterparts (13 percent and 19 percent, respectively). (See table 4.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more than twice as likely to work in the public 

sector in 2022 as their employed nonveteran counterparts—26 percent versus 10 percent. 

Employed female Gulf War-era II veterans were also more likely to work in the public sector

than nonveteran women—27 percent versus 16 percent. Among the employed, 14 percent of all 

Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent of 

nonveterans. (See table 5.) 

In August 2022, 42 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, or 

both locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 2.3 percent, little different than the 

rate for Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere (2.4 percent). (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

In 2022, of the 3.2 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 

2001), 15 percent were women. All Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2022, 

compared with 64 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans. Forty-eight percent of Gulf War-era I 

veterans were ages 45 to 54, 28 percent were ages 55 to 64, 13 percent were age 65 and over, and

12 percent were ages 35 to 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans was 2.1 percent in 2022, down by 1.4

percentage points from the prior year. The jobless rate for Gulf War-era I veterans in 2022 was 

below its pre-pandemic rate of 2.6 percent in 2019. 

In 2022, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era I veterans (2.1 percent) was lower than 

that of their Gulf War-era II counterparts (3.1 percent). The difference in unemployment rates 

reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans who served during Gulf War era I.

Younger people—whether veterans or nonveterans—tend to have higher unemployment rates 

than older people. The rate for female Gulf War-era I veterans (1.8 percent) was slightly lower 

than the rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans (2.9 percent). Among Gulf War-era I veterans, 

the unemployment rate declined for men but changed little for women in 2022; the rates for men 

and women were not statistically different. (See tables 2B and 2C.)

Veterans of Other Service Periods 

In 2022, 4.0 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly 

between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I. 
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All veterans from this period of service were age 45 and over at the time of the survey. Half of 

these veterans were ages 55 to 64, 44 percent were age 65 and over, and 6 percent were ages 45 

to 54. In 2022, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

The jobless rate for veterans of other service periods declined to 2.7 percent in 2022 and is little 

different from the rate in 2019 (3.0 percent). Among veterans of other service periods, the 

unemployment rate for men (2.7 percent) was not statistically different from the rate for women 

(3.1 percent) in 2022. The jobless rate for male veterans of other service periods declined over 

the year, while the rate for women was little changed from the prior year. (See table 1.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2022, 4.9 million veterans, or 27 percent of all veterans, had a service-connected 

disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the 

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 

100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. 

(See table 7.) 

The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability changed little at 3.6

percent in August 2022. The rate for veterans with no disability declined to 2.7 percent and was 

not statistically different from the rate for veterans with a service-connected disability. The 

unemployment rates for male and female veterans with a service-connected disability changed 

little over the year to 3.7 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively, in August 2022. These rates were 

not statistically different from each other. The labor force participation rate for veterans with a 

service-connected disability (47.7 percent) was also not statistically different than the rate for 

veterans with no disability (48.4 percent). 

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 23 percent reported a disability rating of 

less than 30 percent, while 50 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2022, 

veterans with a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely 

to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (52.6 percent versus 44.2

percent). The unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 

3.5 percent, little different than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher, 

at 3.7 percent.

Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 41 percent (2.0 million) reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2022. The labor force participation rate of all Gulf War-era II 

veterans with a service-connected disability was 74.3 percent, lower than the rate for veterans 

from this period with no service-connected disability (86.3 percent). Among Gulf War-era II 

veterans, the unemployment rate for those with a service-connected disability was 3.4 percent, 

not statistically different than the rate for those with no disability (1.9 percent). 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 15 percent reported a 

disability rating of less than 30 percent and 58 percent reported a disability rating of 60 percent 

or higher in August 2022. Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a disability rating of less than 

30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent 
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or higher (94.8 percent compared with 65.9 percent). The unemployment rate for veterans with a 

disability rating of less than 30 percent was 7.4 percent in August 2022, higher than the rate for 

those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher, at 2.6 percent.

In August 2022, 30 percent (978,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported a 

service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate (55.8 percent) was lower than 

the rate for Gulf War-era I veterans who did not have a service-connected disability (79.6

percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans with a service-connected disability 

(4.3 percent) was higher than the rate for those without a service-connected disability (1.9

percent).

Thirteen percent (534,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported a 

service-connected disability in August 2022. The labor force participation rate of these veterans 

(35.9 percent) was lower than their counterparts without a service-connected disability (44.2 

percent). The unemployment rates were not statistically different for veterans with a serviceconnected disability (2.4 percent) and those with no disability (3.4 percent).

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability work in the 

public sector. In August 2022, 27 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected 

disability worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 22 percent of veterans 

with no disability and 13 percent of nonveterans. Eighteen percent of employed veterans with a 

service-connected disability worked for the federal government, compared with 7 percent of 

veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2022, 34 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans were current or past members of the 

Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate was higher for veterans of this

period who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (85.3 percent) than 

for veterans who had never been members (77.5 percent). Among Gulf War-era II veterans, 

those who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment 

rate of 3.2 percent, little changed from a year earlier, while the rate for those who had never been 

members declined to 1.9 percent. (See table 9.)
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,

period of service, and sex, 2021-2022 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service

2021 2022

Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 18,506 16,533 1,973 18,370 16,342 2,027

Civilian labor force.................................................. 8,818 7,670 1,148 8,807 7,616 1,191

Participation rate.................................................. 47.7 46.4 58.2 47.9 46.6 58.7

Employed.......................................................... 8,433 7,332 1,100 8,557 7,400 1,158

Employment-population ratio................................. 45.6 44.3 55.8 46.6 45.3 57.1

Unemployed....................................................... 386 337 48 250 217 33

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.4 4.4 4.2 2.8 2.8 2.8

Not in labor force.................................................... 9,688 8,863 824 9,563 8,726 837

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 4,670 3,858 812 4,903 4,008 895

Civilian labor force.................................................. 3,673 3,113 560 3,918 3,257 660

Participation rate.................................................. 78.7 80.7 69.0 79.9 81.3 73.8

Employed.......................................................... 3,502 2,970 533 3,796 3,155 641

Employment-population ratio................................. 75.0 77.0 65.6 77.4 78.7 71.6

Unemployed....................................................... 171 144 27 121 102 19

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.6 4.6 4.9 3.1 3.1 2.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 997 745 252 985 751 235

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 234,176 105,515 128,661 236,451 107,655 128,795

Civilian labor force.................................................. 150,143 76,752 73,391 153,017 78,628 74,389

Participation rate.................................................. 64.1 72.7 57.0 64.7 73.0 57.8

Employed.......................................................... 142,161 72,539 69,622 147,523 75,756 71,768

Employment-population ratio................................. 60.7 68.7 54.1 62.4 70.4 55.7

Unemployed....................................................... 7,982 4,213 3,769 5,494 2,873 2,621

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.3 5.5 5.1 3.6 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 84,033 28,763 55,270 83,434 29,027 54,406

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for January 2021, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department

of Veterans Affairs population model.
Technical Note

The data in this release were collected through 

the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a 

monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau 

of Labor Statistics—obtains information on 

employment and unemployment among the nation's 

civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over.

Most of the data in this release are annual 

averages, compiled from the results of the monthly 

survey. In August, a supplement to the CPS collected 

additional information about veterans on topics such 

as service-connected disability, veterans' Reserve or 

National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq 

and/or Afghanistan. The supplement was cosponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 

and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' 

Employment and Training Service. Questions were 

asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding 

their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are 

tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older.

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.

 

Definitions

The definitions underlying the data in this 

release are as follows:

Veterans are men and women who previously 

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and 

who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. 

Members of the Reserve and National Guard are 

counted as veterans if they had ever been called to 

active duty. Persons who are on active duty at the time 

of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and 

thus not in the estimates shown here, as are persons 

who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and 

prisons.

World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and 

Gulf War-era veterans are men and women who 

served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods 

of service, regardless of where in the world they 

served. Veterans who served in more than one wartime 

period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans of other service periods are men and 

women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any 

time other than World War II, the Korean War, the 

Vietnam era, or the Gulf War era. Although U.S. 

Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts 

during other service periods, these conflicts were more 

limited in scope and included a smaller proportion of 

the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. 

Veterans who served during one of the selected 

wartime periods and during another period are 

classified in the wartime period.

Nonveterans are men and women who never 

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the 

question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the 

U.S. Armed Forces?"

Period of service identifies when a veteran 

served in the Armed Forces, but not the location of 

their service. It is obtained from answers to the 

question asked of veterans, "When did you serve on 

active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following 

service periods are identified:

Gulf War era II — September 2001-present

Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001

Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975

Korean War — July 1950-January 1955

World War II — December 1941-December 1946

Other service periods — All other time periods

Veterans could have served anywhere in the 

world during these periods of service. Veterans are 

counted only in one period of service, their most recent 

wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one 

wartime period are classified in the most recent one. 

Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any 

other service period are classified in the wartime 

period. The period-of-service definitions are modified 

occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and 

program needs of the survey sponsors.

Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or 

both are individuals who served in Iraq at any time 

since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since 

October 2001, or in both locations. Service in Iraq or 

Afghanistan is determined by answers to two 

questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, 

or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time since 

March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or 

did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time 

since October 2001?"

Presence of service-connected disability is 

determined by answers to two questions beginning in 

August 2021: "Have you filed a claim for or received 
a rating from the Department of Veterans Affairs or 

the Department of Defense confirming that you have a 

service-connected disability; that is, a health condition 

or impairment caused or made worse by military 

service?” and (asked of those who said yes) “Did you 

receive a VA disability rating?” People who applied 

for and received a service-connected disability rating 

are classified as having a service-connected disability. 

People who applied for but did not receive a serviceconnected disability rating are classified as without a 

service-connected disability.

Service-connected disability rating is based on 

answers to the question, "What is your current VA 

service-connected disability rating?" Answers can 

range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 

percentage points. Ratings are determined by the VA 

or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code 

of Federal Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, 

and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—"Schedule for Rating 

Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide 

in the evaluation of disability resulting from all types 

of diseases and injuries encountered as a result of or 

incident to military service. The percentage ratings 

represent as far as can practicably be determined the 

average impairment in earning capacity resulting from 

such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions 

in civil occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of 

hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 

through 100 percent, with instructions for rating 

multiple disorders.

Reserve and National Guard membership refers 

only to Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past 

members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members 

of the Reserve and National Guard are counted as 

veterans if they had ever been called to active duty. 

These data do not refer to all persons who may have 

ever served in the Reserve or National Guard. 

Beginning in August 2021, Reserve or National Guard 

status is obtained from answers to the question asked 

of veterans, “Have you ever been a member of the 

Reserve or National Guard?” 

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, 

rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is 

a chance that the sample estimates will differ from the 

true population values they represent. The component 

of this difference that occurs because samples differ by 

chance is known as sampling error, and its variability 

is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. BLS 

analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent 

level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

Information about the reliability of national data 

from the CPS and instructions on how to generate 

standard errors are available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. 

For a discussion of the reliability of state 

estimates from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and 

6B of this release, see www.bls.gov/opub/geographicprofile/home.htm. 

Comparability of the estimates

Effective with data for January 2021, estimates 

for veterans incorporate population controls derived 

from a new Department of Veterans Affairs Veteran 

Population Projection Model (VetPop2018). In 

accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise 

estimates for previous years. Information about the 

Veteran Population Projection Model is available from 

the Department of Veterans Affairs at 

www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetp

op_Model/VP_18_A_Brief_Description.pdf. 
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2022 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over................................. 254,820 161,824 63.5 156,080 61.3 5,744 3.5 92,996

Veterans................................................. 18,370 8,807 47.9 8,557 46.6 250 2.8 9,563

Gulf War era, total.................................. 8,138 6,222 76.5 6,053 74.4 169 2.7 1,916

Gulf War era II.................................... 4,903 3,918 79.9 3,796 77.4 121 3.1 985

Gulf War era I..................................... 3,235 2,304 71.2 2,256 69.8 48 2.1 931

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 6,237 924 14.8 888 14.2 36 3.9 5,314

Other service periods............................... 3,995 1,662 41.6 1,617 40.5 45 2.7 2,333

Nonveterans............................................ 236,451 153,017 64.7 147,523 62.4 5,494 3.6 83,434

Men

Total, 18 years and over................................. 123,998 86,245 69.6 83,155 67.1 3,090 3.6 37,753

Veterans................................................. 16,342 7,616 46.6 7,400 45.3 217 2.8 8,726

Gulf War era, total.................................. 6,768 5,250 77.6 5,107 75.4 144 2.7 1,518

Gulf War era II.................................... 4,008 3,257 81.3 3,155 78.7 102 3.1 751

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,760 1,993 72.2 1,951 70.7 42 2.1 767

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 5,989 882 14.7 848 14.2 34 3.8 5,107

Other service periods............................... 3,585 1,484 41.4 1,445 40.3 39 2.7 2,101

Nonveterans............................................ 107,655 78,628 73.0 75,756 70.4 2,873 3.7 29,027

Women

Total, 18 years and over................................. 130,823 75,579 57.8 72,925 55.7 2,654 3.5 55,243

Veterans................................................. 2,027 1,191 58.7 1,158 57.1 33 2.8 837

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,369 971 70.9 946 69.1 25 2.6 398

Gulf War era II.................................... 895 660 73.8 641 71.6 19 2.9 235

Gulf War era I..................................... 474 311 65.5 305 64.3 6 1.8 164

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 248 42 16.8 39 15.9 2 5.3 207

Other service periods............................... 410 178 43.4 172 42.0 6 3.1 232

Nonveterans............................................ 128,795 74,389 57.8 71,768 55.7 2,621 3.5 54,406

White

Total, 18 years and over................................. 196,550 124,022 63.1 120,153 61.1 3,869 3.1 72,528

Veterans................................................. 14,916 6,915 46.4 6,740 45.2 175 2.5 8,001

Gulf War era, total.................................. 6,154 4,769 77.5 4,655 75.6 115 2.4 1,385

Gulf War era II.................................... 3,685 2,978 80.8 2,891 78.5 86 2.9 707

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,470 1,792 72.6 1,763 71.4 28 1.6 678

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 5,511 804 14.6 774 14.0 30 3.8 4,707

Other service periods............................... 3,251 1,342 41.3 1,312 40.3 31 2.3 1,909

Nonveterans............................................ 181,634 117,107 64.5 113,413 62.4 3,694 3.2 64,527

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over................................. 32,839 21,010 64.0 19,754 60.2 1,256 6.0 11,830

Veterans................................................. 2,511 1,360 54.2 1,308 52.1 52 3.9 1,151

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,420 1,021 71.9 984 69.3 37 3.7 399

Gulf War era II.................................... 850 638 75.0 614 72.2 24 3.7 212

Gulf War era I..................................... 570 383 67.3 369 64.9 14 3.6 186

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 500 84 16.9 81 16.2 4 4.3 415

Other service periods............................... 591 255 43.1 244 41.2 11 4.4 337

Nonveterans............................................ 30,328 19,649 64.8 18,445 60.8 1,204 6.1 10,679

Asian

Total, 18 years and over................................. 16,400 10,795 65.8 10,495 64.0 300 2.8 5,605

Veterans................................................. 324 194 59.7 186 57.5 7 3.7 131

Gulf War era, total.................................. 197 158 80.1 152 77.4 5 3.4 39

Gulf War era II.................................... 139 114 82.3 110 79.0 5 4.1 25

Gulf War era I..................................... 58 43 74.6 42 73.4 1 1.6 15
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2022 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 74 14 18.4 14 18.4 0 – 60

Other service periods............................... 53 22 42.0 21 38.6 2 – 31

Nonveterans............................................ 16,076 10,601 65.9 10,308 64.1 293 2.8 5,475

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over................................. 43,796 30,049 68.6 28,810 65.8 1,238 4.1 13,747

Veterans................................................. 1,407 880 62.5 850 60.4 29 3.3 527

Gulf War era, total.................................. 877 706 80.5 684 77.9 22 3.2 171

Gulf War era II.................................... 588 472 80.2 453 77.0 19 4.1 116

Gulf War era I..................................... 289 234 81.0 231 79.9 3 1.4 55

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 294 43 14.6 39 13.4 3 8.0 251

Other service periods............................... 236 130 55.3 127 53.8 3 2.6 105

Nonveterans............................................ 42,389 29,169 68.8 27,960 66.0 1,209 4.1 13,220

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race

groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is

identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where

base is less than 35,000).
Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2022

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,370 8,807 47.9 8,557 46.6 250 2.8 9,563

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 204 68.7 186 62.7 18 8.8 93

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,460 1,225 83.9 1,176 80.6 49 4.0 235

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,140 1,793 83.8 1,752 81.9 41 2.3 347

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,542 2,092 82.3 2,047 80.5 45 2.2 450

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,400 2,188 64.4 2,139 62.9 50 2.3 1,211

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,531 1,305 15.3 1,257 14.7 48 3.7 7,226

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,138 6,222 76.5 6,053 74.4 169 2.7 1,916

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 204 68.7 186 62.7 18 8.8 93

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,460 1,225 83.9 1,176 80.6 49 4.0 235

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,140 1,793 83.8 1,752 81.9 41 2.3 347

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,293 1,903 83.0 1,862 81.2 41 2.1 390

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,393 962 69.0 944 67.8 17 1.8 432

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 136 24.4 132 23.8 4 2.8 419

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,903 3,918 79.9 3,796 77.4 121 3.1 985

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 204 68.7 186 62.7 18 8.8 93

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,460 1,225 83.9 1,176 80.6 49 4.0 235

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,753 1,471 83.9 1,436 81.9 34 2.3 282

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 618 82.8 607 81.4 11 1.8 128

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 352 70.8 343 69.0 9 2.5 145

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 49 32.3 48 31.7 1 – 102

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,235 2,304 71.2 2,256 69.8 48 2.1 931

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 322 83.3 316 81.6 6 2.0 65

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,547 1,285 83.1 1,255 81.2 30 2.3 262

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 610 68.0 601 67.1 9 1.4 287

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 87 21.5 84 20.8 3 3.5 318

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,237 924 14.8 888 14.2 36 3.9 5,314

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,237 924 14.8 888 14.2 36 3.9 5,314

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,995 1,662 41.6 1,617 40.5 45 2.7 2,333

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 189 75.9 185 74.1 4 2.3 60

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,006 1,227 61.1 1,194 59.5 32 2.6 780

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,739 246 14.1 238 13.7 8 3.3 1,493

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,451 153,017 64.7 147,523 62.4 5,494 3.6 83,434

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,507 18,426 64.6 16,981 59.6 1,444 7.8 10,081

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,708 35,500 83.1 34,124 79.9 1,377 3.9 7,208

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,859 33,877 82.9 32,872 80.5 1,005 3.0 6,982

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,452 30,349 81.0 29,607 79.1 743 2.4 7,103

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,745 25,272 65.2 24,623 63.6 649 2.6 13,473

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,178 9,592 19.9 9,317 19.3 275 2.9 38,586

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2022

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,342 7,616 46.6 7,400 45.3 217 2.8 8,726

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 161 74.5 147 68.2 13 8.4 55

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,201 1,015 84.5 974 81.1 42 4.1 186

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731 1,466 84.7 1,433 82.8 33 2.3 265

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,174 1,818 83.6 1,778 81.8 40 2.2 356

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,944 1,929 65.5 1,885 64.0 44 2.3 1,014

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,076 1,226 15.2 1,182 14.6 44 3.6 6,850

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,768 5,250 77.6 5,107 75.4 144 2.7 1,518

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 161 74.5 147 68.2 13 8.4 55

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,201 1,015 84.5 974 81.1 42 4.1 186

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731 1,466 84.7 1,433 82.8 33 2.3 265

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,967 1,660 84.4 1,623 82.5 36 2.2 307

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,169 829 70.9 813 69.6 16 1.9 340

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 119 24.7 116 23.9 4 2.9 365

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,008 3,257 81.3 3,155 78.7 102 3.1 751

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 161 74.5 147 68.2 13 8.4 55

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,201 1,015 84.5 974 81.1 42 4.1 186

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,413 1,201 85.0 1,172 82.9 29 2.4 212

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 525 84.3 517 82.9 8 1.6 98

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 311 72.8 302 70.7 9 2.8 116

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 44 34.4 43 33.8 1 1.7 84

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,760 1,993 72.2 1,951 70.7 42 2.1 767

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 265 83.4 261 81.9 5 1.7 53

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,344 1,135 84.4 1,107 82.4 28 2.4 209

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 518 69.8 511 68.9 7 1.3 224

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 76 21.2 73 20.4 3 3.7 281

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,989 882 14.7 848 14.2 34 3.8 5,107

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,989 882 14.7 848 14.2 34 3.8 5,107

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,585 1,484 41.4 1,445 40.3 39 2.7 2,101

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 158 76.4 155 74.6 4 2.3 49

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,775 1,101 62.0 1,072 60.4 29 2.6 674

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,603 225 14.0 218 13.6 7 3.1 1,378

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,655 78,628 73.0 75,756 70.4 2,873 3.7 29,027

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,230 9,433 66.3 8,631 60.7 802 8.5 4,798

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,763 18,472 89.0 17,754 85.5 718 3.9 2,291

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,648 17,718 90.2 17,203 87.6 515 2.9 1,930

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,605 15,413 87.5 15,049 85.5 364 2.4 2,193

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,648 12,695 71.9 12,363 70.1 332 2.6 4,953

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,761 4,898 27.6 4,756 26.8 142 2.9 12,863

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2022

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,027 1,191 58.7 1,158 57.1 33 2.8 837

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 43 53.1 39 47.7 4 10.2 38

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 209 81.0 202 78.3 7 3.3 49

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 326 79.9 319 78.1 7 2.2 82

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 274 74.4 269 73.0 5 1.9 94

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 259 56.8 253 55.5 6 2.2 197

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 79 17.3 75 16.5 4 4.5 376

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,369 971 70.9 946 69.1 25 2.6 398

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 43 53.1 39 47.7 4 10.2 38

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 209 81.0 202 78.3 7 3.3 49

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 326 79.9 319 78.1 7 2.2 82

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 243 74.6 239 73.2 4 1.8 83

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 133 59.2 131 58.4 2 1.4 92

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 16 22.9 16 22.5 0 – 55

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 660 73.8 641 71.6 19 2.9 235

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 43 53.1 39 47.7 4 10.2 38

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 209 81.0 202 78.3 7 3.3 49

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 270 79.3 264 77.7 5 2.0 70

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 93 75.6 90 73.4 3 2.8 30

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 41 58.7 41 58.7 0 0.0 29

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5 – 5 – 0 – 18

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 311 65.5 305 64.3 6 1.8 164

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 57 82.9 55 80.4 2 3.0 12

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 150 74.1 148 73.1 2 1.2 53

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 92 59.4 90 58.3 2 2.0 63

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 12 24.1 11 23.6 0 – 36

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 42 16.8 39 15.9 2 5.3 207

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 42 16.8 39 15.9 2 5.3 207

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 178 43.4 172 42.0 6 3.1 232

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 31 73.1 30 71.4 1 – 11

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 126 54.4 122 52.8 4 3.0 106

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 21 15.3 20 14.5 1 – 115

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,795 74,389 57.8 71,768 55.7 2,621 3.5 54,406

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,277 8,993 63.0 8,350 58.5 643 7.1 5,284

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,945 17,028 77.6 16,369 74.6 659 3.9 4,917

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,211 16,160 76.2 15,669 73.9 490 3.0 5,052

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,847 14,937 75.3 14,558 73.4 379 2.5 4,910

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,097 12,578 59.6 12,260 58.1 317 2.5 8,520

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,418 4,694 15.4 4,561 15.0 133 2.8 25,723

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational

attainment, 2022 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status,

period of service, and educational attainment

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 18,073 8,603 47.6 8,371 46.3 232 2.7 9,470

Less than a high school diploma.................... 552 102 18.4 98 17.7 4 4.0 451

High school graduates, no college.................. 5,064 2,077 41.0 2,018 39.9 59 2.8 2,987

Some college or associate degree.................. 6,309 3,085 48.9 2,992 47.4 93 3.0 3,224

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 6,148 3,339 54.3 3,263 53.1 76 2.3 2,809

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over................................. 7,841 6,018 76.7 5,867 74.8 151 2.5 1,823

Less than a high school diploma.................... 74 39 52.7 38 51.4 1 2.4 35

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,729 1,284 74.3 1,248 72.2 36 2.8 444

Some college or associate degree.................. 2,919 2,184 74.8 2,123 72.8 61 2.8 734

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 3,120 2,510 80.5 2,457 78.8 53 2.1 609

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over................................. 4,606 3,714 80.6 3,610 78.4 103 2.8 892

Less than a high school diploma.................... 39 22 57.3 21 55.0 1 – 16

High school graduates, no college.................. 912 713 78.2 689 75.6 24 3.4 198

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,725 1,365 79.1 1,323 76.7 42 3.1 360

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,931 1,613 83.6 1,577 81.7 36 2.2 318

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over................................. 3,235 2,304 71.2 2,256 69.8 48 2.1 931

Less than a high school diploma.................... 35 17 47.6 17 47.6 0 – 18

High school graduates, no college.................. 817 571 69.9 559 68.4 12 2.1 246

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,194 819 68.6 800 67.1 19 2.3 374

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,189 897 75.5 880 74.0 17 1.9 292

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over................................. 6,237 924 14.8 888 14.2 36 3.9 5,314

Less than a high school diploma.................... 309 24 7.8 23 7.4 1 – 285

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,914 228 11.9 222 11.6 6 2.8 1,686

Some college or associate degree.................. 2,046 319 15.6 303 14.8 16 5.1 1,727

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,968 352 17.9 340 17.3 12 3.5 1,615

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over................................. 3,995 1,662 41.6 1,617 40.5 45 2.7 2,333

Less than a high school diploma.................... 169 39 22.9 37 21.7 2 5.3 130

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,421 565 39.8 549 38.6 16 2.9 856

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,345 582 43.3 566 42.1 16 2.7 763

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,060 476 44.9 466 43.9 11 2.3 584

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 207,944 134,591 64.7 130,542 62.8 4,050 3.0 73,352

Less than a high school diploma.................... 19,097 8,802 46.1 8,320 43.6 482 5.5 10,294

High school graduates, no college.................. 58,549 33,780 57.7 32,420 55.4 1,360 4.0 24,768

Some college or associate degree.................. 50,454 32,715 64.8 31,683 62.8 1,032 3.2 17,739

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 79,844 59,293 74.3 58,118 72.8 1,175 2.0 20,551

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2022

annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 8,557 6,053 3,796 2,256 888 1,617 147,523

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 43.3 44.8 44.1 45.9 43.2 37.6 43.6

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 21.4 21.3 20.0 23.5 26.0 19.1 18.6

Professional and related occupations...................................... 21.9 23.5 24.1 22.4 17.2 18.5 24.9

Service occupations............................................................ 12.5 13.1 13.9 11.7 11.2 11.3 15.8

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 14.4 13.9 14.2 13.4 16.6 15.4 19.3

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 7.5 6.9 6.7 7.3 10.7 7.9 8.9

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 6.9 6.9 7.5 6.1 5.8 7.5 10.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 12.8 12.7 13.4 11.6 11.3 14.1 8.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.6

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.5 6.6 5.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 6.7 6.9 7.5 5.7 4.8 7.3 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 16.9 15.6 14.5 17.4 17.7 21.5 12.5

Production occupations...................................................... 6.0 5.9 5.4 6.9 4.9 7.0 5.2

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 10.9 9.6 9.1 10.5 12.8 14.5 7.3

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 7,400 5,107 3,155 1,951 848 1,445 75,756

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 41.6 42.8 42.6 43.2 43.0 36.3 39.5

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 21.3 21.0 19.7 23.2 26.3 19.3 19.3

Professional and related occupations...................................... 20.3 21.8 22.9 20.0 16.7 17.1 20.2

Service occupations............................................................ 12.5 13.3 14.0 12.1 11.2 10.7 12.6

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 12.9 12.0 12.0 12.1 15.8 14.2 14.0

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 7.4 6.7 6.4 7.0 10.9 7.8 8.6

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.1 4.9 6.4 5.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 14.5 14.7 15.6 13.3 11.7 15.6 16.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.9

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.5 5.7 7.4 9.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 7.6 7.9 8.7 6.6 5.1 7.9 5.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 18.5 17.2 15.8 19.4 18.3 23.2 17.8

Production occupations...................................................... 6.5 6.5 5.7 7.7 5.1 7.4 7.0

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 12.0 10.7 10.1 11.6 13.3 15.7 10.8

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 1,158 946 641 305 39 172 71,768

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 54.0 55.3 51.5 63.3 46.8 48.6 47.9

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 21.8 22.7 21.3 25.5 17.8 18.3 18.0

Professional and related occupations...................................... 32.2 32.7 30.3 37.8 29.0 30.4 29.9

Service occupations............................................................ 12.5 11.9 13.2 9.1 12.8 16.1 19.2

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 24.5 24.0 24.9 22.0 32.2 25.7 25.0

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 8.4 8.5 8.0 9.4 6.1 8.6 9.3

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 16.1 15.5 16.9 12.6 26.1 17.1 15.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 2.0 1.9 2.6 0.5 3.1 2.2 1.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.4 3.1 0.0 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 1.2 1.1 1.6 0.1 0.0 2.0 0.3
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2022

annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 6.9 6.9 7.8 5.0 5.0 7.4 6.8

Production occupations...................................................... 3.2 3.1 3.8 1.8 2.2 3.6 3.4

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.2 2.8 3.8 3.5

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2022 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 8,557 6,053 3,796 2,256 888 1,617 147,523

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1

................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 6.4 1.7 1.4

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 2.3 0.7 1.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 4.1 1.0 0.5

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.6 99.4 99.3 99.4 93.6 98.3 98.6

Wage and salary workers2............................... 93.1 95.6 95.8 95.4 78.8 91.5 92.7

Private industries....................................... 70.3 70.2 70.0 70.5 66.5 72.6 79.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4

Construction.......................................... 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.1 7.4 6.1

Manufacturing........................................ 12.0 12.2 11.5 13.2 7.7 13.5 9.3

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.4 1.9 2.0

Retail trade........................................... 8.3 7.7 7.3 8.5 10.0 9.7 9.8

Transportation and utilities.......................... 7.6 7.3 7.0 7.8 5.9 9.5 5.0

Information............................................ 1.7 1.7 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.6

Financial activities................................... 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.6 6.7 4.6 6.5

Professional and business services............... 11.3 11.9 12.5 10.9 10.3 9.9 11.7

Education and health services..................... 8.9 9.2 9.4 8.8 8.0 8.2 15.8

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.7 3.9 4.3 3.2 3.7 2.9 7.5

Other services........................................ 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.4 4.5 3.2 4.1

Government............................................. 22.8 25.4 25.8 24.8 12.4 18.8 13.1

Federal................................................ 10.8 12.7 13.9 10.7 4.1 7.5 2.1

State................................................... 4.6 4.8 4.5 5.3 3.1 4.7 4.6

Local................................................... 7.4 7.9 7.4 8.9 5.2 6.6 6.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 5.4 3.7 3.5 4.0 14.7 6.8 5.8

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 7,400 5,107 3,155 1,951 848 1,445 75,756

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 6.5 1.6 2.0

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.3 2.3 0.7 1.3

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 4.2 0.9 0.6

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.5 99.4 99.3 99.4 93.5 98.4 98.0

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 92.8 95.6 95.9 95.2 78.5 91.1 91.4

Private industries....................................... 70.9 71.0 70.4 72.0 66.4 73.2 81.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.6

Construction.......................................... 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.1 5.4 8.2 10.5

Manufacturing........................................ 12.9 13.4 12.7 14.4 7.6 14.5 12.5

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.6

Retail trade........................................... 8.3 7.7 7.3 8.4 10.2 9.5 9.6

Transportation and utilities.......................... 8.3 8.1 7.7 8.7 6.1 10.1 7.2

Information............................................ 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.2 1.8 1.6 2.0

Financial activities................................... 4.4 4.0 3.5 4.8 6.8 4.5 5.9

Professional and business services............... 11.6 12.3 12.9 11.3 10.4 10.1 12.7

Education and health services..................... 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.4 6.6 7.0

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.5 3.7 4.1 2.9 3.8 2.8 7.1

Other services........................................ 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.3 4.5 2.9 3.7

Government............................................. 21.9 24.6 25.5 23.2 12.1 17.9 10.1

Federal................................................ 10.4 12.5 14.1 9.9 3.9 6.9 2.0

State................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.9 3.0 4.6 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2022 annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Local................................................... 7.2 7.7 7.2 8.4 5.2 6.4 4.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 5.7 3.7 3.4 4.2 14.9 7.3 6.6

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 1,158 946 641 305 39 172 71,768

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.7 4.5 2.4 0.9

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.9 0.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 3.0 1.5 0.3

Nonagricultural industries................................... 99.0 99.4 99.5 99.3 95.5 97.6 99.1

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 95.3 95.9 95.6 96.5 85.3 94.5 94.0

Private industries....................................... 66.3 66.1 68.3 61.3 67.4 67.4 77.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Construction.......................................... 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.6 0.0 0.9 1.5

Manufacturing........................................ 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.7 9.0 5.5 5.9

Wholesale trade...................................... 1.3 1.3 1.6 0.6 7.9 0.2 1.2

Retail trade........................................... 8.4 7.8 7.3 9.1 5.8 11.7 10.0

Transportation and utilities.......................... 3.0 2.8 3.2 1.9 2.5 4.5 2.7

Information............................................ 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.8 0.0 1.2

Financial activities................................... 5.9 5.9 7.3 3.1 5.3 5.5 7.2

Professional and business services............... 9.5 9.7 10.5 8.1 8.0 8.3 10.5

Education and health services..................... 21.9 22.0 22.1 21.9 22.9 21.2 25.0

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 4.8 5.1 5.3 4.6 1.5 3.8 8.0

Other services........................................ 3.3 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.6 5.8 4.4

Government............................................. 29.0 29.8 27.3 35.2 17.9 27.1 16.2

Federal................................................ 13.4 13.7 13.0 15.3 8.0 13.0 2.2

State................................................... 6.7 7.0 6.4 8.2 5.2 5.8 5.9

Local................................................... 8.9 9.1 7.9 11.7 4.7 8.3 8.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 3.7 3.5 3.9 2.8 10.2 3.0 5.0

1 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2

Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2022 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,370 8,807 47.9 8,557 46.6 250 2.8 9,563

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 180 51.1 177 50.2 3 1.8 172

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 41 59.5 39 57.5 1 3.4 28

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 210 48.2 203 46.6 7 3.2 226

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 91 40.6 89 39.4 3 3.0 134

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,383 632 45.7 604 43.7 28 4.4 751

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 206 53.9 199 52.2 7 3.2 176

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 72 47.6 70 46.4 2 2.6 79

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 28 40.6 27 39.6 1 2.6 41

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 14 54.7 14 53.1 0 2.9 12

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,390 615 44.2 606 43.6 9 1.5 775

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 332 49.7 322 48.1 11 3.2 336

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 48 49.4 46 47.4 2 4.0 50

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 56 44.7 54 43.3 2 3.3 69

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 221 42.3 213 40.9 7 3.4 301

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 188 47.5 184 46.4 4 2.2 208

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 104 51.5 102 50.6 2 1.8 98

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 89 51.4 87 50.0 2 2.7 84

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 133 46.9 131 46.3 2 1.4 151

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 115 43.5 113 42.8 2 1.6 149

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 42 40.3 41 38.6 2 4.2 63

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 231 55.3 228 54.3 4 1.7 187

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 129 47.9 125 46.2 5 3.5 141

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 251 45.2 247 44.5 4 1.6 304

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 131 47.5 129 46.7 2 1.7 145

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 84 44.5 81 42.6 4 4.2 105

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 179 48.7 176 47.8 3 1.7 189

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 47 46.2 47 45.3 1 2.0 55

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 67 55.4 65 54.1 2 2.3 54

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 119 48.9 113 46.4 6 5.2 125

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 50 48.6 48 47.5 1 2.3 53

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 114 40.9 113 40.4 1 1.3 165

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 69 42.6 67 41.1 2 3.3 94

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 287 42.2 277 40.7 10 3.5 394

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 302 44.1 296 43.1 7 2.2 383

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 27 55.5 27 55.1 0 0.7 22

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 348 48.5 340 47.4 8 2.2 370

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 117 42.5 115 41.6 2 2.1 158

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 143 46.7 138 45.0 5 3.6 163

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703 300 42.6 291 41.4 9 3.0 403

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 26 41.3 26 40.6 0 1.9 37

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 182 47.1 175 45.5 6 3.5 204

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 37 59.2 37 58.5 0 1.2 26

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 227 45.7 220 44.3 7 3.1 270

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,636 932 57.0 893 54.6 39 4.2 704

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 78 51.9 76 50.6 2 2.4 72

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 16 44.3 16 43.3 0 2.3 20

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703 420 59.7 413 58.7 7 1.7 283

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 244 49.6 237 48.2 7 2.9 248

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 67 46.4 65 45.2 2 2.5 77

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 137 42.5 131 40.8 5 3.9 185

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 26 51.7 25 50.8 0 1.9 24

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Dash indicates no data or

data that do not meet publication criteria.
Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2022 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,451 153,017 64.7 147,523 62.4 5,494 3.6 83,434

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,528 2,100 59.5 2,046 58.0 55 2.6 1,428

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 312 67.2 299 64.3 14 4.4 152

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,233 3,364 64.3 3,236 61.8 127 3.8 1,870

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,071 1,255 60.6 1,209 58.4 45 3.6 816

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,432 18,307 64.4 17,558 61.8 749 4.1 10,125

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,138 2,957 71.5 2,868 69.3 89 3.0 1,180

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,691 1,818 67.6 1,745 64.9 73 4.0 872

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 452 62.5 433 59.8 20 4.3 271

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 355 72.3 339 69.0 16 4.6 136

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,079 9,972 62.0 9,688 60.3 284 2.8 6,107

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,542 4,856 64.4 4,708 62.4 148 3.1 2,686

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981 614 62.6 592 60.3 22 3.6 367

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,338 891 66.6 867 64.8 24 2.7 447

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,101 6,113 67.2 5,853 64.3 260 4.2 2,989

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,787 3,162 66.0 3,062 64.0 100 3.1 1,626

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,237 1,579 70.6 1,539 68.8 40 2.5 659

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,009 1,379 68.6 1,344 66.9 35 2.5 630

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,136 1,876 59.8 1,802 57.5 74 3.9 1,260

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,197 1,952 61.1 1,881 58.8 70 3.6 1,245

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,021 617 60.4 597 58.5 20 3.3 404

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,328 2,924 67.6 2,832 65.4 92 3.2 1,404

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,220 3,498 67.0 3,386 64.9 112 3.2 1,723

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,252 4,503 62.1 4,316 59.5 187 4.2 2,750

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,056 2,861 70.6 2,790 68.8 71 2.5 1,194

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,016 1,164 57.7 1,119 55.5 45 3.9 852

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,337 2,810 64.8 2,738 63.1 72 2.6 1,527

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 520 67.1 506 65.3 14 2.6 255

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,346 974 72.3 950 70.6 23 2.4 372

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,200 1,412 64.2 1,336 60.7 76 5.4 788

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,031 700 67.9 680 66.0 20 2.8 330

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,827 4,518 66.2 4,343 63.6 175 3.9 2,309

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,454 849 58.4 816 56.2 32 3.8 605

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,579 9,106 62.5 8,705 59.7 401 4.4 5,473

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,479 4,758 63.6 4,583 61.3 175 3.7 2,721

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 375 71.5 369 70.3 6 1.7 150

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,302 5,259 63.3 5,055 60.9 204 3.9 3,043

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,703 1,737 64.3 1,676 62.0 61 3.5 966

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,056 2,012 65.8 1,929 63.1 83 4.1 1,044

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,404 6,031 64.1 5,785 61.5 246 4.1 3,374

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 544 67.0 525 64.6 19 3.5 269

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,677 2,149 58.5 2,079 56.5 71 3.3 1,527

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 435 71.9 428 70.7 8 1.8 170

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,910 3,073 62.6 2,972 60.5 102 3.3 1,836

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,306 13,519 66.6 13,026 64.1 494 3.7 6,786

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,266 1,604 70.8 1,567 69.1 37 2.3 662

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 319 65.3 311 63.7 8 2.5 170

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,903 3,941 66.8 3,828 64.9 113 2.9 1,962

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,489 3,689 67.2 3,532 64.4 157 4.3 1,799

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,259 707 56.1 680 54.0 27 3.8 552

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,253 2,835 66.7 2,744 64.5 91 3.2 1,418

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 259 66.2 250 64.0 9 3.3 132

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

TOTAL

VETERANS

Total 18,336 8,843 48.2 8,590 46.8 252 2.9 9,493

With service-connected disability 4,920 2,345 47.7 2,261 45.9 85 3.6 2,575

Less than 30 percent disability rating 1,144 603 52.6 581 50.8 21 3.5 542

30 to 50 percent disability rating 874 451 51.7 433 49.6 18 4.0 422

60 percent or higher disability rating 2,475 1,094 44.2 1,053 42.6 41 3.7 1,380

Disability rating not reported 427 197 46.1 192 45.0 5 2.3 230

Without service-connected disability 12,445 6,024 48.4 5,861 47.1 163 2.7 6,421

Presence of disability not reported 971 474 48.8 469 48.3 4 0.9 498

Gulf War era, total

Total 8,157 6,294 77.2 6,145 75.3 149 2.4 1,863

With service-connected disability 2,963 2,021 68.2 1,947 65.7 74 3.6 942

Less than 30 percent disability rating 565 435 77.0 414 73.3 21 4.7 130

30 to 50 percent disability rating 528 398 75.3 385 72.9 13 3.2 131

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,628 1,007 61.8 966 59.4 40 4.0 621

Disability rating not reported 242 182 75.2 182 75.2 - - 60

Without service-connected disability 4,727 3,935 83.3 3,861 81.7 75 1.9 791

Presence of disability not reported 467 338 72.2 338 72.2 - - 130

Gulf War era II

Total 4,898 3,929 80.2 3,838 78.4 91 2.3 968

With service-connected disability 1,985 1,475 74.3 1,425 71.8 50 3.4 510

Less than 30 percent disability rating 292 277 94.8 257 87.7 21 7.4 15

30 to 50 percent disability rating 368 293 79.8 283 77.1 10 3.4 74

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,144 754 65.9 735 64.2 19 2.6 390

Disability rating not reported 180 151 83.6 151 83.6 - - 30

Without service-connected disability 2,570 2,218 86.3 2,177 84.7 41 1.9 352

Presence of disability not reported 342 236 68.9 236 68.9 - - 107

Gulf War era I

Total 3,259 2,365 72.6 2,308 70.8 57 2.4 895

With service-connected disability 978 546 55.8 522 53.4 24 4.3 432

Less than 30 percent disability rating 273 158 57.9 158 57.9 - - 115

30 to 50 percent disability rating 161 104 64.9 102 63.2 3 2.6 56

60 percent or higher disability rating 483 253 52.3 232 47.9 21 8.3 231

Disability rating not reported 61 31 - 31 - - - 30

Without service-connected disability 2,156 1,717 79.6 1,684 78.1 33 1.9 439

Presence of disability not reported 125 102 81.4 102 81.4 - - 23

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 6,202 820 13.2 773 12.5 47 5.7 5,382

With service-connected disability 1,423 132 9.3 126 8.8 6 4.7 1,291

Less than 30 percent disability rating 406 68 16.7 67 16.6 0 - 338

30 to 50 percent disability rating 234 26 11.2 21 9.0 5 - 208

60 percent or higher disability rating 639 31 4.9 31 4.8 0 - 607

Disability rating not reported 144 6 4.5 6 4.5 - - 138

Without service-connected disability 4,481 658 14.7 618 13.8 40 6.1 3,822

Presence of disability not reported 298 30 9.9 30 9.9 - - 268

Other service periods

Total 3,977 1,729 43.5 1,672 42.0 57 3.3 2,248

With service-connected disability 534 192 35.9 187 35.1 5 2.4 342

Less than 30 percent disability rating 173 100 57.5 100 57.5 - - 73

30 to 50 percent disability rating 111 27 24.7 27 24.7 - - 84

60 percent or higher disability rating 208 56 27.1 56 27.1 - - 152

Disability rating not reported 42 9 - 4 - 5 - 33

Without service-connected disability 3,237 1,430 44.2 1,382 42.7 48 3.4 1,807

Presence of disability not reported 206 106 51.7 102 49.7 4 3.9 99

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

MEN

VETERANS

Total 16,306 7,583 46.5 7,370 45.2 214 2.8 8,723

With service-connected disability 4,283 1,951 45.6 1,879 43.9 72 3.7 2,331

Less than 30 percent disability rating 1,027 513 49.9 492 47.9 21 4.1 514

30 to 50 percent disability rating 792 411 51.9 396 50.0 15 3.7 381

60 percent or higher disability rating 2,089 875 41.9 840 40.2 36 4.1 1,214

Disability rating not reported 375 152 40.5 152 40.5 - - 223

Without service-connected disability 11,124 5,202 46.8 5,065 45.5 138 2.6 5,921

Presence of disability not reported 900 430 47.8 425 47.3 4 1.0 470

Gulf War era, total

Total 6,783 5,290 78.0 5,165 76.1 125 2.4 1,493

With service-connected disability 2,420 1,653 68.3 1,587 65.6 66 4.0 766

Less than 30 percent disability rating 485 361 74.5 341 70.2 21 5.7 124

30 to 50 percent disability rating 467 360 77.1 350 75.0 10 2.8 107

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,274 790 62.1 755 59.3 35 4.5 483

Disability rating not reported 194 141 72.9 141 72.9 - - 53

Without service-connected disability 3,935 3,329 84.6 3,270 83.1 59 1.8 606

Presence of disability not reported 429 308 71.9 308 71.9 - - 121

Gulf War era II

Total 4,033 3,276 81.2 3,201 79.4 75 2.3 757

With service-connected disability 1,571 1,179 75.0 1,129 71.9 49 4.2 392

Less than 30 percent disability rating 235 222 94.5 202 85.7 21 9.3 13

30 to 50 percent disability rating 324 267 82.6 257 79.5 10 3.7 56

60 percent or higher disability rating 870 572 65.7 553 63.5 19 3.3 298

Disability rating not reported 142 117 82.4 117 82.4 - - 25

Without service-connected disability 2,157 1,889 87.6 1,864 86.4 26 1.4 267

Presence of disability not reported 305 208 68.0 208 68.0 - - 97

Gulf War era I

Total 2,750 2,014 73.2 1,964 71.4 50 2.5 736

With service-connected disability 848 474 55.9 458 54.0 16 3.4 374

Less than 30 percent disability rating 249 139 55.6 139 55.6 - - 111

30 to 50 percent disability rating 144 93 64.6 93 64.6 - - 51

60 percent or higher disability rating 404 219 54.2 202 50.1 16 7.5 185

Disability rating not reported 51 24 - 24 - - - 28

Without service-connected disability 1,778 1,439 80.9 1,406 79.1 33 2.3 339

Presence of disability not reported 124 101 81.3 101 81.3 - - 23

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 5,955 760 12.8 714 12.0 47 6.1 5,195

With service-connected disability 1,380 122 8.8 115 8.4 6 5.1 1,259

Less than 30 percent disability rating 393 61 15.5 60 15.4 0 - 332

30 to 50 percent disability rating 224 24 10.6 18 8.2 5 - 200

60 percent or higher disability rating 619 31 4.9 30 4.9 0 - 589

Disability rating not reported 144 6 4.5 6 4.5 - - 138

Without service-connected disability 4,293 615 14.3 575 13.4 40 6.6 3,678

Presence of disability not reported 282 23 8.3 23 8.3 - - 258

Other service periods

Total 3,568 1,533 43.0 1,491 41.8 42 2.8 2,035

With service-connected disability 483 177 36.6 177 36.6 - - 306

Less than 30 percent disability rating 149 91 61.0 91 61.0 - - 58

30 to 50 percent disability rating 101 27 27.2 27 27.2 - - 73

60 percent or higher disability rating 196 54 27.7 54 27.7 - - 142

Disability rating not reported 37 4 - 4 - - - 33

Without service-connected disability 2,896 1,259 43.5 1,221 42.1 38 3.0 1,637

Presence of disability not reported 189 98 51.8 94 49.6 4 4.3 91

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

WOMEN

VETERANS

Total 2,030 1,259 62.0 1,221 60.1 38 3.0 771

With service-connected disability 637 394 61.8 381 59.8 12 3.2 243

Less than 30 percent disability rating 117 90 76.3 90 76.3 - - 28

30 to 50 percent disability rating 82 40 49.0 37 45.7 3 - 42

60 percent or higher disability rating 386 219 56.8 214 55.4 5 2.4 167

Disability rating not reported 52 45 - 40 - 5 - 7

Without service-connected disability 1,321 822 62.2 796 60.2 26 3.2 500

Presence of disability not reported 72 44 - 44 - - - 28

Gulf War era, total

Total 1,374 1,004 73.1 980 71.4 24 2.4 370

With service-connected disability 543 368 67.7 360 66.3 8 2.1 175

Without service-connected disability 792 607 76.6 591 74.6 16 2.6 185

Presence of disability not reported 38 29 - 29 - - - 9

Gulf War era II

Total 865 653 75.6 637 73.7 16 2.5 211

With service-connected disability 414 296 71.7 296 71.5 1 0.2 117

Without service-connected disability 414 329 79.5 313 75.6 16 4.8 85

Presence of disability not reported 37 28 - 28 - - - 9

Gulf War era I

Total 509 351 68.9 343 67.4 7 2.1 159

With service-connected disability 130 72 55.2 64 49.5 7 - 58

Without service-connected disability 378 278 73.5 278 73.5 - - 100

Presence of disability not reported 1 1 - 1 - - - -

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 247 60 24.2 60 24.2 - - 187

With service-connected disability 43 10 - 10 - - - 32

Without service-connected disability 188 43 23.0 43 23.0 - - 144

Presence of disability not reported 17 6 - 6 - - - 10

Other service periods

Total 409 195 47.7 181 44.2 15 7.5 214

With service-connected disability 51 15 - 11 - 5 - 36

Without service-connected disability 342 172 50.2 162 47.3 10 5.9 170

Presence of disability not reported 16 8 - 8 - - - 8

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and

other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served

in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The

associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal

Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the

veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,

and class of worker, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of

disability, and period of service

Total

Employed

(thousands)

Percent distribution by class of worker

Total

Agriculture

and

related

industries

Nonagricultural industries

Total

Wage and salary workers1

Private

sector

Government

Total Federal State and

local

Selfemployed,

unincorporated, and

unpaid

family

workers

Veterans, total2 8,590 100.0 1.4 98.6 70.3 23.2 10.2 13.1 5.0

With service-connected disability 2,261 100.0 1.5 98.5 66.9 27.4 17.7 9.7 4.2

Without service-connected disability 5,861 100.0 1.5 98.5 71.5 21.5 7.2 14.3 5.5

Gulf War era, total2 6,145 100.0 0.6 99.4 70.8 25.0 11.4 13.7 3.5

With service-connected disability 1,947 100.0 0.7 99.3 67.9 27.9 18.4 9.5 3.5

Without service-connected disability 3,861 100.0 0.6 99.4 72.3 23.5 7.7 15.8 3.6

Gulf War era II2 3,838 100.0 0.8 99.2 71.0 25.0 11.7 13.3 3.3

With service-connected disability 1,425 100.0 0.9 99.1 70.1 25.7 15.2 10.5 3.2

Without service-connected disability 2,177 100.0 0.8 99.2 71.1 24.4 9.2 15.2 3.6

Gulf War era I2 2,308 100.0 0.3 99.7 70.6 25.2 10.8 14.4 3.9

With service-connected disability 522 100.0 - 100.0 61.9 34.0 27.0 6.9 4.1

Without service-connected disability 1,684 100.0 0.4 99.6 73.7 22.3 5.7 16.6 3.6

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era2 773 100.0 8.1 91.9 72.1 8.3 0.9 7.4 11.6

With service-connected disability 126 100.0 15.3 84.7 66.2 8.3 - 8.3 10.2

Without service-connected disability 618 100.0 7.0 93.0 72.5 8.7 1.1 7.5 11.8

Other service periods2 1,672 100.0 1.1 98.9 67.8 23.6 10.2 13.4 7.6

With service-connected disability 187 100.0 0.5 99.5 57.2 35.3 23.1 12.3 7.0

Without service-connected disability 1,382 100.0 1.3 98.7 69.1 21.7 8.7 13.1 7.9

Nonveterans 147,662 100.0 1.4 98.6 80.0 12.8 2.1 10.7 5.8

 1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

 2 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-

January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a

health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is

determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this

release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no

data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2022, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard

status

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent of

labor

force

Not in

labor

force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total 8,157 6,294 77.2 6,145 75.3 149 2.4 1,863

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 2,787 2,266 81.3 2,207 79.2 59 2.6 521

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 5,226 3,914 74.9 3,824 73.2 90 2.3 1,312

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 144 114 79.4 114 79.4 - - 30

Gulf War era II

Total 4,898 3,929 80.2 3,838 78.4 91 2.3 968

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 1,645 1,403 85.3 1,358 82.6 45 3.2 242

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 3,162 2,450 77.5 2,404 76.0 46 1.9 712

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 91 76 83.5 76 83.5 - - 15

Gulf War era I

Total 3,259 2,365 72.6 2,308 70.8 57 2.4 895

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 1,142 863 75.5 849 74.3 13 1.6 280

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 2,065 1,464 70.9 1,420 68.8 44 3.0 600

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 53 38 - 38 - - - 15

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The

Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present)

and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include

Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans

supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where

base is less than 75,000).
Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2022, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and location

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Number Rate

Not in labor

force

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans 4,898 3,929 80.2 3,838 78.4 91 2.3 968

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both1 2,049 1,650 80.5 1,613 78.7 37 2.3 399

Served in Iraq2 1,533 1,199 78.2 1,171 76.4 28 2.4 334

Served in Afghanistan3 1,115 919 82.5 904 81.1 15 1.6 195

Served in both locations4 599 468 78.2 462 77.2 6 1.3 130

Served elsewhere 2,848 2,279 80.0 2,225 78.1 54 2.4 569

 1 Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also

includes veterans who served in both countries.

 2 Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.

 3 Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.

 

4

 Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans

supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where

base is less than 75,000).