Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-12-0816 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 4, 2012 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2012 

(NOTE: Data published in this release for women employees in the Government and 

Total nonfarm industries are erroneous. Errors are found in Summary table B and table 

B-5. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps.htm.)

Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 115,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was little 

changed at 8.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in 

professional and business services, retail trade, and health care, but declined in transportation and 

warehousing. 

Household Survey Data 

Both the number of unemployed persons (12.5 million) and the unemployment rate (8.1 percent) 

changed little in April. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (7.5 percent), adult women 

(7.4 percent), teenagers (24.9 percent), whites (7.4 percent), and Hispanics (10.3 percent) showed little 

or no change in April, while the rate for blacks (13.0 percent) declined over the month. The jobless rate 

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, April 2010 – April 2012

Percent

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

A pr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

April 2010 – April 2012
- 2 - 

for Asians was 5.2 percent in April (not seasonally adjusted), little changed from a year earlier. (See 

tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) was little changed at 5.1 

million in April. These individuals made up 41.3 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, the number 

of long-term unemployed has fallen by 759,000. (See table A-12.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate declined in April to 63.6 percent, while the employmentpopulation ratio, at 58.4 percent, changed little. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged in April at 7.9 million. These individuals were 

working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time 

job. (See table A-8.) 

In April, 2.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, essentially unchanged from 

a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They 

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 968,000 discouraged workers in April, about the same as a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.4 million persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 115,000 in April. This increase followed a gain of 154,000 

in March and gains averaging 252,000 per month for December to February. In April, employment rose 

in professional and business services, retail trade, and health care. Transportation and warehousing lost 

jobs over the month. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in professional and business services increased by 62,000 in April. Since a recent low 

point in September 2009, employment in this industry has grown by 1.5 million. In April, employment 

in temporary help services edged up by 21,000. Employment grew in architectural and engineering 

services (+7,000) and in computer systems design and related services (+7,000). 

Retail trade employment rose by 29,000 over the month. General merchandise stores added 21,000 jobs 

in April but has shown no definitive trend in recent months. Employment in building material and 

garden supply stores continued to trend up; the industry has added 19,000 jobs since December. 

Health care continued to add jobs (+19,000) in April. Within the industry, employment in ambulatory 

health care services, which includes home health care and offices of physicians, rose by 15,000. 

Within leisure and hospitality, employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend up 

(+20,000) in April. Since February 2010, food services and drinking places has added 576,000 jobs. 
- 3 - 

Manufacturing employment continued to trend up (+16,000) in April, with job growth in fabricated 

metal products (+6,000) and machinery (+5,000). Since its most recent employment low in January 

2010, manufacturing has added 489,000 jobs, largely in durable goods manufacturing. 

Transportation and warehousing lost 17,000 jobs in April, with employment declines in transit and 

ground passenger transportation (-11,000) and in couriers and messengers (-7,000). 

Employment in other major industries, including mining and logging, construction, wholesale trade,

information, financial activities, and government changed little in April. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in 

April. The manufacturing workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, and factory overtime rose by 

0.1 hour to 3.4 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 1 cent to 

$23.38. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 1.8 percent. In April, 

average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 3 cents 

to $19.72. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from +240,000 to +259,000, 

and the change for March was revised from +120,000 to +154,000. 

The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 1, 2012, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Change from:

Mar. 2012-

Apr. 2012

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 239,146 242,435 242,604 242,784 180

Civilian labor force............................................................ 153,420 154,871 154,707 154,365 -342

Participation rate........................................................... 64.2 63.9 63.8 63.6 -0.2

Employed.................................................................... 139,628 142,065 142,034 141,865 -169

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.4 58.6 58.5 58.4 -0.1

Unemployed................................................................. 13,792 12,806 12,673 12,500 -173

Unemployment rate..................................................... 9.0 8.3 8.2 8.1 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................. 85,726 87,564 87,897 88,419 522

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 9.0 8.3 8.2 8.1 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 8.8 7.7 7.6 7.5 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 7.9 7.7 7.4 7.4 0.0

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 24.9 23.8 25.0 24.9 -0.1

White........................................................................... 8.1 7.3 7.3 7.4 0.1

Black or African American................................................... 16.2 14.1 14.0 13.0 -1.0

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.2 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 11.8 10.7 10.3 10.3 0.0

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 7.6 7.0 6.8 6.8 0.0

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 14.6 12.9 12.6 12.5 -0.1

High school graduates, no college......................................... 9.7 8.3 8.0 7.9 -0.1

Some college or associate degree......................................... 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.6 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 8,181 7,209 7,020 6,852 -168

Job leavers....................................................................... 944 1,031 1,117 997 -120

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,387 3,361 3,269 3,341 72

New entrants..................................................................... 1,322 1,392 1,433 1,384 -49

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,725 2,541 2,572 2,543 -29

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 2,931 2,807 2,754 2,814 60

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 2,058 1,971 1,867 1,884 17

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 5,860 5,426 5,308 5,101 -207

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 8,571 8,119 7,672 7,853 181

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 5,714 5,446 5,081 5,187 106

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,444 2,404 2,341 2,367 26

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 18,326 18,827 18,523 18,832 309

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,466 2,608 2,352 2,363 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 989 1,006 865 968 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 259 154 115

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 254 166 130

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 36 38 14

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7 0 0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 -1 -3 -2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 30 41 16

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 27 28 15

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 4.8 11.5 1.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 13 1

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 218 128 116

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 7.0 2.9 7.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 -15.2 -20.9 29.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 14.3 1.8 -16.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 8 -6 -2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 7 14 1

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 89 37 62

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.3 49.6 -9.4 21.1

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 71 45 23

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.6 48.9 26.8 18.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 45 52 12

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 -9 2 -2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -13 5 -12 -15

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 47.8 47.8 47.8

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.6 82.6 82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.6 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22.97 $ 23.33 $ 23.37 $ 23.38

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $790.17 $807.22 $806.27 $806.61

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.0 96.0 95.9 96.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 -0.1 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.9 106.8 106.8 107.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19.39 $ 19.65 $ 19.69 $ 19.72

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $653.44 $664.17 $665.52 $666.54

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.2 103.3 103.5 103.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.1 135.7 136.1 136.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.3

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (266 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 62.2 64.7 56.8

Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 63.0 69.8 59.9

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data published in this release for women employees in the Government and Total nonfarm industries are erroneous. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps.htm. 
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller 

margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of 

its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically 

significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the 

household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than 

the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural 

workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household 

survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it 

is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not 

collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify 

the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. 

The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information 

on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled 

to achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the 

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 
 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth 

of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People 

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or 

question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and 

other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment 

Situation news release. 

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for 

holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but 

not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off 

work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as 

those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to 

be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey have 

a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the 

effect of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the 

month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed 

whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of 

persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work the entire 

week, due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most 

requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey 

(CES; establishment survey). The household survey 

provides information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 

60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program 

surveys about 141,000 businesses and government 

agencies, representing approximately 486,000 individual 

worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on 

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm 

payrolls. The active sample includes approximately onethird of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force 

as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Additional information about the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and 

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2012 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between 

the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from 

the surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, the self-employed, unpaid family 

workers, and private household workers among the 

employed. These groups are excluded from the 

establishment survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 

 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 

number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely 

to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative 

to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of 

economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more 

useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted 

component series. For example, total unemployment is 

derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment 

estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the 

total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more 

detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the "true" population values they represent. The 

exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured 

by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). 

These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by 

these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within 

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than 

zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, 

the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then 

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval 

would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least 

a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, 

risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 

percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly 

change in unemployment as measured by the household 

survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in 

the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 
employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2011

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239,146 242,604 242,784 239,146 240,584 242,269 242,435 242,604 242,784

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,898 154,316 153,905 153,420 153,887 154,395 154,871 154,707 154,365

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 63.6 63.4 64.2 64.0 63.7 63.9 63.8 63.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,661 141,412 141,995 139,628 140,790 141,637 142,065 142,034 141,865

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 58.3 58.5 58.4 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.5 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,237 12,904 11,910 13,792 13,097 12,758 12,806 12,673 12,500

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.4 7.7 9.0 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,248 88,288 88,879 85,726 86,697 87,874 87,564 87,897 88,419

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,482 6,041 6,328 6,518 6,385 6,319 6,378 6,299 6,366

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,067 116,986 117,081 116,067 116,832 116,808 116,896 116,986 117,081

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,354 81,830 81,629 81,716 82,373 82,070 82,165 82,179 81,983

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 69.9 69.7 70.4 70.5 70.3 70.3 70.2 70.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,761 74,507 75,074 73,969 75,235 75,288 75,318 75,369 75,256

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 63.7 64.1 63.7 64.4 64.5 64.4 64.4 64.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,593 7,323 6,555 7,747 7,138 6,781 6,846 6,810 6,727

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 8.9 8.0 9.5 8.7 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,713 35,156 35,452 34,350 34,459 34,739 34,732 34,807 35,098

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,469 108,289 108,396 107,469 108,290 108,087 108,188 108,289 108,396

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,702 79,175 78,839 78,895 79,436 79,234 79,317 79,337 79,050

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 73.1 72.7 73.4 73.4 73.3 73.3 73.3 72.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,822 72,567 73,010 71,942 73,080 73,170 73,240 73,286 73,119

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.8 67.0 67.4 66.9 67.5 67.7 67.7 67.7 67.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,880 6,608 5,829 6,953 6,356 6,064 6,077 6,051 5,930

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.3 7.4 8.8 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,767 29,114 29,557 28,573 28,854 28,853 28,870 28,952 29,346

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,079 125,619 125,703 123,079 123,753 125,461 125,539 125,619 125,703

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,544 72,486 72,276 71,704 71,514 72,326 72,706 72,529 72,382

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 57.7 57.5 58.3 57.8 57.6 57.9 57.7 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,900 66,906 66,921 65,659 65,555 66,349 66,747 66,665 66,609

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 53.3 53.2 53.3 53.0 52.9 53.2 53.1 53.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,644 5,580 5,355 6,045 5,959 5,977 5,960 5,863 5,773

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.7 7.4 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,535 53,133 53,427 51,376 52,238 53,135 52,833 53,090 53,321

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,868 117,260 117,353 114,868 115,602 117,082 117,170 117,260 117,353

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,863 69,755 69,643 68,860 68,748 69,449 69,815 69,589 69,562

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 59.5 59.3 59.9 59.5 59.3 59.6 59.3 59.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,733 64,756 64,822 63,431 63,323 64,078 64,454 64,413 64,425

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 55.2 55.2 55.2 54.8 54.7 55.0 54.9 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,130 4,998 4,820 5,430 5,425 5,370 5,361 5,176 5,137

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 7.2 6.9 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,005 47,505 47,711 46,008 46,854 47,634 47,355 47,671 47,791

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,809 17,056 17,034 16,809 16,693 17,100 17,078 17,056 17,034

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,333 5,386 5,423 5,665 5,704 5,713 5,739 5,781 5,753

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 31.6 31.8 33.7 34.2 33.4 33.6 33.9 33.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,106 4,089 4,163 4,255 4,387 4,389 4,371 4,335 4,321

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 24.0 24.4 25.3 26.3 25.7 25.6 25.4 25.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,227 1,297 1,260 1,410 1,316 1,324 1,367 1,447 1,432

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 24.1 23.2 24.9 23.1 23.2 23.8 25.0 24.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,476 11,669 11,611 11,145 10,989 11,387 11,339 11,274 11,282

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2011

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192,771 192,788 192,893 192,771 193,682 192,600 192,691 192,788 192,893

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,140 123,209 122,997 124,642 124,543 123,579 123,848 123,713 123,499

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 63.9 63.8 64.7 64.3 64.2 64.3 64.2 64.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,597 113,909 114,313 114,603 115,254 114,458 114,754 114,697 114,355

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 59.1 59.3 59.5 59.5 59.4 59.6 59.5 59.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,542 9,301 8,684 10,039 9,288 9,121 9,094 9,016 9,144

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.5 7.1 8.1 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,632 69,579 69,896 68,129 69,139 69,021 68,843 69,076 69,394

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,904 64,340 64,212 65,083 65,373 64,495 64,642 64,552 64,410

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.7 73.5 73.3 73.9 73.8 73.8 73.9 73.8 73.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,869 59,532 59,975 59,909 60,751 60,059 60,245 60,192 60,046

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 68.0 68.5 68.1 68.6 68.7 68.9 68.8 68.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,035 4,808 4,237 5,175 4,623 4,436 4,397 4,360 4,364

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.5 6.6 8.0 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,882 54,476 54,421 54,898 54,481 54,434 54,609 54,473 54,435

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 58.9 58.8 59.7 59.0 58.9 59.0 58.9 58.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,275 50,959 50,919 51,065 50,768 50,729 50,890 50,873 50,719

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 55.1 55.0 55.6 55.0 54.9 55.0 55.0 54.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,606 3,517 3,502 3,833 3,713 3,705 3,719 3,600 3,716

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.5 6.4 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,354 4,393 4,365 4,661 4,688 4,650 4,596 4,688 4,654

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 34.6 34.4 36.3 36.8 36.5 36.1 36.9 36.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,453 3,418 3,419 3,629 3,736 3,670 3,619 3,632 3,591

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 26.9 26.9 28.3 29.3 28.8 28.4 28.6 28.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901 976 946 1,031 952 980 977 1,056 1,063

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 22.2 21.7 22.1 20.3 21.1 21.3 22.5 22.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,035 29,792 29,824 29,035 29,286 29,727 29,760 29,792 29,824

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,765 18,339 18,227 17,847 18,110 18,206 18,363 18,427 18,274

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 61.6 61.1 61.5 61.8 61.2 61.7 61.9 61.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,966 15,829 15,940 14,964 15,248 15,725 15,769 15,843 15,891

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.5 53.1 53.4 51.5 52.1 52.9 53.0 53.2 53.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,799 2,510 2,286 2,883 2,862 2,482 2,593 2,584 2,383

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 13.7 12.5 16.2 15.8 13.6 14.1 14.0 13.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,270 11,453 11,597 11,187 11,176 11,521 11,398 11,365 11,550

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,091 8,262 8,133 8,102 8,272 8,256 8,239 8,283 8,162

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 68.2 67.0 68.5 69.0 68.4 68.1 68.4 67.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,688 7,044 7,018 6,723 6,969 7,205 7,064 7,137 7,054

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 58.1 57.8 56.8 58.2 59.7 58.4 58.9 58.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,403 1,218 1,114 1,379 1,302 1,052 1,175 1,147 1,108

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3 14.7 13.7 17.0 15.7 12.7 14.3 13.8 13.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,032 9,445 9,459 9,060 9,160 9,287 9,410 9,473 9,443

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 62.9 62.9 62.1 62.2 62.0 62.8 63.1 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,877 8,393 8,503 7,839 7,885 8,113 8,240 8,307 8,423

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.0 55.9 56.6 53.7 53.5 54.2 55.0 55.4 56.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,155 1,052 956 1,221 1,275 1,174 1,171 1,166 1,019

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 11.1 10.1 13.5 13.9 12.6 12.4 12.3 10.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642 632 635 686 679 663 713 671 669

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 23.7 23.9 26.3 26.5 24.7 26.6 25.1 25.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 392 419 403 393 407 466 399 413

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 14.7 15.7 15.5 15.3 15.2 17.4 14.9 15.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 239 216 283 286 255 247 272 256

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 37.9 34.1 41.3 42.1 38.5 34.7 40.5 38.2

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,378 12,766 12,774 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2011

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,295 8,113 7,965 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 63.6 62.4 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,832 7,607 7,553 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 59.6 59.1 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 506 412 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.2 5.2 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,083 4,652 4,809 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2011

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 34,233 36,463 36,546 34,233 34,885 36,301 36,384 36,463 36,546

Civilian labor force................................. 22,672 24,109 24,201 22,783 23,270 24,045 24,206 24,128 24,253

Participation rate................................. 66.2 66.1 66.2 66.6 66.7 66.2 66.5 66.2 66.4

Employed......................................... 20,124 21,510 21,839 20,102 20,699 21,513 21,628 21,638 21,755

Employment-population ratio................ 58.8 59.0 59.8 58.7 59.3 59.3 59.4 59.3 59.5

Unemployed...................................... 2,548 2,598 2,362 2,680 2,571 2,532 2,579 2,491 2,498

Unemployment rate........................... 11.2 10.8 9.8 11.8 11.0 10.5 10.7 10.3 10.3

Not in labor force................................... 11,561 12,354 12,345 11,450 11,615 12,256 12,178 12,335 12,293

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 12,899 13,246 13,284 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 81.4 80.8 80.8 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 11,568 11,952 12,146 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 73.0 72.9 73.9 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,331 1,294 1,138 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 10.3 9.8 8.6 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 8,896 9,813 9,826 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 59.3 59.8 59.7 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 7,884 8,829 8,886 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 52.6 53.8 54.0 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,012 984 939 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 11.4 10.0 9.6 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 878 1,050 1,092 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 25.9 28.8 29.9 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 672 730 807 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 19.8 20.0 22.1 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 206 320 285 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 23.4 30.5 26.1 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2011

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 11,703 11,349 11,490 11,558 11,688 11,469 11,488 11,493 11,366

Participation rate.................................... 46.1 45.7 45.7 45.5 46.7 45.6 46.6 46.3 45.2

Employed............................................ 10,000 9,788 10,069 9,869 10,080 9,968 10,006 10,044 9,947

Employment-population ratio................... 39.4 39.4 40.1 38.8 40.3 39.7 40.6 40.4 39.6

Unemployed......................................... 1,703 1,561 1,421 1,689 1,608 1,501 1,483 1,449 1,419

Unemployment rate.............................. 14.5 13.8 12.4 14.6 13.8 13.1 12.9 12.6 12.5

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 37,485 36,614 36,812 37,483 36,902 36,850 36,799 36,475 36,718

Participation rate.................................... 60.4 59.2 59.3 60.4 59.8 59.6 59.0 59.0 59.2

Employed............................................ 33,886 33,402 33,959 33,864 33,684 33,737 33,761 33,573 33,834

Employment-population ratio................... 54.6 54.0 54.7 54.6 54.5 54.6 54.1 54.3 54.5

Unemployed......................................... 3,599 3,212 2,852 3,619 3,218 3,113 3,039 2,902 2,884

Unemployment rate.............................. 9.6 8.8 7.7 9.7 8.7 8.4 8.3 8.0 7.9

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 36,463 37,369 36,966 36,590 37,024 37,214 37,282 37,405 37,168

Participation rate.................................... 69.3 69.3 68.6 69.6 69.1 69.2 69.1 69.3 69.0

Employed............................................ 33,829 34,507 34,270 33,844 34,167 34,525 34,571 34,613 34,344

Employment-population ratio................... 64.3 64.0 63.6 64.4 63.7 64.2 64.1 64.2 63.7

Unemployed......................................... 2,634 2,863 2,696 2,745 2,857 2,689 2,711 2,793 2,824

Unemployment rate.............................. 7.2 7.7 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.6

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 46,913 48,389 48,075 46,889 47,131 47,481 47,890 48,191 47,977

Participation rate.................................... 77.0 76.6 76.4 77.0 76.0 75.6 76.4 76.2 76.2

Employed............................................ 44,976 46,415 46,310 44,796 45,201 45,492 45,875 46,189 46,062

Employment-population ratio................... 73.8 73.4 73.6 73.6 72.9 72.4 73.1 73.1 73.2

Unemployed......................................... 1,937 1,974 1,765 2,093 1,930 1,989 2,015 2,002 1,915

Unemployment rate.............................. 4.1 4.1 3.7 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.0

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,697 21,256 19,898 19,444 1,799 1,812

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,318 11,114 10,191 9,994 1,128 1,120

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 52.3 51.2 51.4 62.7 61.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,445 10,329 9,427 9,266 1,018 1,063

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.6 47.4 47.7 56.6 58.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 785 764 729 110 57

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.1 7.5 7.3 9.7 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,379 10,142 9,707 9,450 671 692

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,466 2,701 1,996 2,214 470 487

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,962 2,127 1,646 1,814 315 314

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.5 78.8 82.5 81.9 67.1 64.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,748 1,932 1,454 1,650 293 283

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.9 71.5 72.9 74.5 62.5 58.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 195 192 164 22 31

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 9.2 11.7 9.0 6.9 9.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 574 350 400 155 174

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,855 2,950 2,417 2,471 437 478

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,406 2,479 2,087 2,114 319 366

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.3 84.1 86.3 85.5 72.9 76.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,248 2,351 1,953 1,994 296 357

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 79.7 80.8 80.7 67.6 74.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 129 135 120 23 9

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 5.2 6.5 5.7 7.3 2.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 470 330 358 119 112

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,529 9,949 10,201 9,627 327 322

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,582 3,293 3,444 3,170 139 122

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 33.1 33.8 32.9 42.4 38.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,354 3,072 3,235 2,956 119 116

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.9 30.9 31.7 30.7 36.5 36.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 221 209 215 19 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.7 6.1 6.8 13.9 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,946 6,656 6,758 6,457 189 199

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,847 5,656 5,283 5,131 565 525

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,368 3,214 3,013 2,897 355 318

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 56.8 57.0 56.4 62.9 60.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,095 2,974 2,786 2,666 309 308

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.9 52.6 52.7 52.0 54.8 58.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 240 227 230 45 10

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.5 7.6 8.0 12.8 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,479 2,441 2,270 2,235 210 207

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208,727 212,630 91,652 93,088 117,075 119,542

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,957 141,057 70,399 70,766 69,558 70,291

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 66.3 76.8 76.0 59.4 58.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,072 130,362 63,803 65,175 64,269 65,187

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 61.3 69.6 70.0 54.9 54.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,885 10,695 6,596 5,591 5,289 5,104

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.6 9.4 7.9 7.6 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,771 71,572 21,253 22,321 47,518 49,251

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 27,603 28,209 211,543 214,574

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,699 5,736 147,199 148,169

Participation rate...................................................................... 20.6 20.3 69.6 69.1

Employed.............................................................................. 4,873 5,021 134,789 136,974

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 17.7 17.8 63.7 63.8

Unemployed........................................................................... 827 715 12,410 11,195

Unemployment rate................................................................ 14.5 12.5 8.4 7.6

Not in labor force........................................................................ 21,904 22,473 64,344 66,406

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,591 2,488 74,820 74,867

Participation rate...................................................................... 34.5 33.4 82.0 81.9

Employed.............................................................................. 2,172 2,163 67,901 68,876

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 28.9 29.1 74.4 75.4

Unemployed........................................................................... 418 325 6,920 5,991

Unemployment rate................................................................ 16.1 13.1 9.2 8.0

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,929 4,951 16,399 16,541

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,229 2,296 66,156 66,573

Participation rate...................................................................... 28.9 29.1 71.0 70.4

Employed.............................................................................. 1,890 1,964 61,012 61,761

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 24.5 24.9 65.5 65.3

Unemployed........................................................................... 339 332 5,144 4,811

Unemployment rate................................................................ 15.2 14.5 7.8 7.2

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,497 5,592 27,047 27,996

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 879 952 6,223 6,729

Participation rate...................................................................... 7.1 7.4 22.9 23.5

Employed.............................................................................. 810 894 5,876 6,337

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.6 6.9 21.7 22.2

Unemployed........................................................................... 69 58 347 393

Unemployment rate................................................................ 7.8 6.1 5.6 5.8

Not in labor force........................................................................ 11,478 11,930 20,898 21,869

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 35,737 37,215 17,848 18,249 17,889 18,966

Civilian labor force................................................... 23,915 24,460 14,174 14,220 9,741 10,241

Participation rate................................................... 66.9 65.7 79.4 77.9 54.5 54.0

Employed........................................................... 21,741 22,619 12,911 13,233 8,830 9,386

Employment-population ratio.................................. 60.8 60.8 72.3 72.5 49.4 49.5

Unemployed........................................................ 2,174 1,842 1,263 986 911 855

Unemployment rate............................................. 9.1 7.5 8.9 6.9 9.3 8.3

Not in labor force..................................................... 11,822 12,755 3,674 4,030 8,148 8,725

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 203,409 205,569 98,219 98,831 105,191 106,737

Civilian labor force................................................... 128,984 129,444 67,180 67,409 61,804 62,035

Participation rate................................................... 63.4 63.0 68.4 68.2 58.8 58.1

Employed........................................................... 117,920 119,376 60,850 61,840 57,070 57,535

Employment-population ratio.................................. 58.0 58.1 62.0 62.6 54.3 53.9

Unemployed........................................................ 11,063 10,068 6,330 5,569 4,733 4,500

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.6 7.8 9.4 8.3 7.7 7.3

Not in labor force..................................................... 74,425 76,124 31,039 31,422 43,387 44,702

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2011

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 2,061 2,123 2,107 2,090 2,349 2,208 2,185 2,218 2,150

Wage and salary workers1....................... 1,198 1,296 1,282 1,241 1,429 1,376 1,353 1,394 1,342

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 830 799 798 825 874 800 814 811 793

Unpaid family workers............................. 33 28 26 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 137,601 139,290 139,888 137,505 138,411 139,491 139,945 139,984 139,749

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 128,814 130,778 131,257 128,756 129,662 130,569 131,365 131,370 131,136

Government...................................... 21,112 20,536 20,356 20,629 20,616 20,583 20,617 20,338 19,896

Private industries................................ 107,702 110,241 110,901 108,167 109,064 109,966 110,778 111,114 111,249

Private households............................ 671 656 724 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 107,031 109,585 110,176 107,466 108,407 109,353 110,138 110,469 110,527

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 8,693 8,433 8,558 8,645 8,587 8,769 8,477 8,514 8,512

Unpaid family workers............................. 94 79 72 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3................... 8,425 7,867 7,694 8,571 8,098 8,230 8,119 7,672 7,853

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,547 5,146 4,997 5,714 5,305 5,372 5,446 5,081 5,187

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,605 2,427 2,467 2,444 2,419 2,551 2,404 2,341 2,367

Part time for noneconomic reasons4.............. 19,163 19,022 19,443 18,326 18,372 18,636 18,827 18,523 18,832

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 8,305 7,753 7,581 8,453 7,952 8,083 7,988 7,584 7,737

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,448 5,062 4,909 5,602 5,199 5,278 5,356 5,000 5,086

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,595 2,418 2,456 2,448 2,423 2,563 2,365 2,295 2,324

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,803 18,615 19,097 18,004 17,969 18,298 18,399 18,100 18,418

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2011

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,661 141,412 141,995 139,628 140,790 141,637 142,065 142,034 141,865

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,106 4,089 4,163 4,255 4,387 4,389 4,371 4,335 4,321

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,145 1,233 1,304 1,262 1,304 1,333 1,337 1,395 1,421

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,961 2,856 2,859 2,982 3,060 3,064 3,050 2,955 2,875

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,555 137,324 137,832 135,373 136,403 137,248 137,694 137,699 137,544

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,864 13,212 13,224 12,958 13,195 13,335 13,395 13,371 13,329

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,691 124,112 124,608 122,364 123,234 123,901 124,243 124,407 124,166

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,762 93,816 94,307 93,638 93,882 93,991 94,056 94,267 94,128

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,318 30,359 30,750 30,343 30,771 30,367 30,483 30,568 30,724

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,483 30,574 30,640 30,404 30,271 30,614 30,638 30,672 30,539

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,961 32,884 32,917 32,891 32,841 33,009 32,935 33,027 32,866

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,929 30,295 30,300 28,726 29,352 29,910 30,187 30,140 30,038

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,761 74,507 75,074 73,969 75,235 75,288 75,318 75,369 75,256

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,939 1,940 2,064 2,027 2,155 2,118 2,079 2,083 2,136

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 590 633 586 635 620 650 656 685

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,408 1,350 1,431 1,441 1,501 1,487 1,424 1,424 1,461

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,822 72,567 73,010 71,942 73,080 73,170 73,240 73,286 73,119

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,651 6,776 6,778 6,716 6,998 7,003 6,851 6,927 6,863

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,171 65,791 66,232 65,148 66,084 66,169 66,376 66,327 66,156

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,988 49,836 50,290 50,059 50,528 50,358 50,382 50,393 50,329

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,447 16,265 16,566 16,534 16,885 16,440 16,498 16,538 16,624

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,401 16,326 16,417 16,409 16,422 16,573 16,564 16,470 16,425

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,140 17,246 17,308 17,116 17,221 17,346 17,319 17,385 17,280

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,183 15,954 15,942 15,089 15,556 15,811 15,994 15,934 15,827

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,900 66,906 66,921 65,659 65,555 66,349 66,747 66,665 66,609

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,167 2,149 2,099 2,228 2,232 2,270 2,293 2,252 2,184

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 644 671 677 669 713 687 739 736

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,554 1,506 1,427 1,541 1,559 1,577 1,625 1,531 1,414

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,733 64,756 64,822 63,431 63,323 64,078 64,454 64,413 64,425

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,213 6,436 6,446 6,242 6,198 6,332 6,544 6,444 6,467

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,520 58,321 58,376 57,216 57,150 57,732 57,867 58,079 58,010

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,774 43,980 44,017 43,579 43,354 43,633 43,674 43,873 43,800

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,871 14,093 14,185 13,809 13,886 13,928 13,985 14,030 14,099

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,082 14,248 14,223 13,995 13,849 14,041 14,074 14,202 14,114

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,821 15,638 15,609 15,775 15,620 15,664 15,615 15,642 15,586

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,746 14,341 14,359 13,637 13,796 14,099 14,193 14,206 14,211

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,992 43,320 43,530 43,015 43,709 43,658 43,556 43,635 43,582

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,211 34,477 34,369 34,029 34,177 34,445 34,341 34,325 34,207

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,968 9,429 9,530 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,844 113,916 113,999 112,347 113,765 113,845 114,408 115,290 114,478

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,817 27,497 27,996 27,229 27,040 27,739 27,576 26,912 27,420

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,887 7,052 6,947 6,798 7,013 7,038 6,999 6,985 6,870

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,030 5,130 5,258 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,523 9,232 9,357 9,470 9,461 9,569 9,291 9,325 9,305

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.

2011

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 13,792 12,673 12,500 9.0 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,410 1,447 1,432 24.9 23.1 23.2 23.8 25.0 24.9

16 to 17 years.................................... 560 564 509 30.7 27.8 28.8 29.9 28.8 26.4

18 to 19 years.................................... 855 877 935 22.3 21.3 20.5 20.8 22.9 24.5

20 years and over.................................. 12,383 11,226 11,068 8.4 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.4

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,263 2,028 2,029 14.9 14.4 13.3 13.8 13.2 13.2

25 years and over............................... 10,132 9,140 9,034 7.6 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.8

25 to 54 years................................. 8,125 7,191 7,017 8.0 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.1 6.9

25 to 34 years.............................. 3,196 2,878 2,711 9.5 9.4 9.0 8.7 8.6 8.1

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,410 2,112 2,139 7.3 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.4 6.5

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,519 2,202 2,167 7.1 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.2

55 years and over............................. 2,000 1,988 2,026 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.3

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 7,747 6,810 6,727 9.5 8.7 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.2

16 to 19 years...................................... 794 759 797 28.1 26.6 25.3 27.0 26.7 27.2

16 to 17 years.................................... 279 283 279 32.3 30.5 32.0 33.5 30.1 28.9

18 to 19 years.................................... 516 476 521 26.4 25.1 22.3 23.9 25.1 26.3

20 years and over.................................. 6,953 6,051 5,930 8.8 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.5

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,276 1,135 1,124 16.0 15.3 14.2 15.6 14.1 14.1

25 years and over............................... 5,647 4,875 4,781 8.0 7.2 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.7

25 to 54 years................................. 4,520 3,812 3,720 8.3 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.9

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,814 1,554 1,459 9.9 9.5 9.0 8.6 8.6 8.1

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,280 1,147 1,129 7.2 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.4

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,425 1,111 1,132 7.7 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.1

55 years and over............................. 1,127 1,063 1,062 6.9 6.1 5.9 5.7 6.3 6.3

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 6,045 5,863 5,773 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0

16 to 19 years...................................... 615 687 635 21.6 19.3 21.1 20.7 23.4 22.5

16 to 17 years.................................... 281 281 230 29.4 25.0 25.8 26.1 27.6 23.8

18 to 19 years.................................... 339 401 414 18.0 17.1 18.6 17.8 20.7 22.7

20 years and over.................................. 5,430 5,176 5,137 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.4

20 to 24 years.................................... 986 893 905 13.6 13.4 12.3 11.7 12.2 12.3

25 years and over............................... 4,485 4,265 4,253 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2 6.8 6.8

25 to 54 years................................. 3,605 3,380 3,297 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.2 7.0

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,382 1,324 1,252 9.1 9.3 9.0 8.8 8.6 8.2

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,130 965 1,010 7.5 7.0 7.4 7.3 6.4 6.7

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,094 1,091 1,035 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.2

55 years and over1

........................... 782 895 878 5.4 5.7 5.9 6.1 5.9 5.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 2,777 2,360 2,370 6.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.2

Married women, spouse present.................... 2,055 1,912 1,919 5.7 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.3

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,193 1,139 1,078 11.7 12.9 12.0 11.7 10.8 10.2

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 11,974 10,863 10,691 9.6 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.6 8.5

Part-time workers3................................... 1,834 1,765 1,846 6.3 6.3 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.3

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2011

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 7,958 7,415 6,555 8,181 7,602 7,321 7,209 7,020 6,852

On temporary layoff................................ 1,186 1,354 1,009 1,241 1,216 1,284 1,135 1,120 1,083

Not on temporary layoff............................ 6,772 6,060 5,546 6,941 6,386 6,037 6,075 5,900 5,768

Permanent job losers............................ 5,449 4,742 4,397 5,524 5,089 4,807 4,755 4,632 4,529

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,323 1,318 1,149 1,417 1,296 1,230 1,320 1,268 1,239

Job leavers............................................. 911 1,064 962 944 953 939 1,031 1,117 997

Reentrants............................................. 3,217 3,189 3,184 3,387 3,399 3,325 3,361 3,269 3,341

New entrants.......................................... 1,151 1,236 1,210 1,322 1,280 1,253 1,392 1,433 1,384

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 60.1 57.5 55.0 59.1 57.4 57.0 55.5 54.7 54.5

On temporary layoff................................ 9.0 10.5 8.5 9.0 9.2 10.0 8.7 8.7 8.6

Not on temporary layoff............................ 51.2 47.0 46.6 50.2 48.3 47.0 46.7 46.0 45.9

Job leavers............................................. 6.9 8.2 8.1 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.9 8.7 7.9

Reentrants............................................. 24.3 24.7 26.7 24.5 25.7 25.9 25.9 25.5 26.6

New entrants.......................................... 8.7 9.6 10.2 9.6 9.7 9.8 10.7 11.2 11.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 5.2 4.8 4.3 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.4

Job leavers............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

Reentrants............................................. 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2

New entrants.......................................... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2011

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,325 2,270 2,165 2,725 2,669 2,486 2,541 2,572 2,543

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 2,478 3,005 2,368 2,931 2,858 2,884 2,807 2,754 2,814

15 weeks and over.................................... 8,434 7,629 7,377 7,919 7,628 7,498 7,397 7,175 6,984

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 2,333 2,244 2,109 2,058 2,039 1,980 1,971 1,867 1,884

27 weeks and over................................. 6,101 5,385 5,268 5,860 5,588 5,518 5,426 5,308 5,101

Average (mean) duration, in weeks1

.............. 41.4 40.2 42.0 38.3 40.8 40.1 40.0 39.4 39.1

Median duration, in weeks........................... 24.3 20.5 22.3 20.8 21.0 21.1 20.3 19.9 19.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 17.6 17.6 18.2 20.1 20.3 19.3 19.9 20.6 20.6

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 18.7 23.3 19.9 21.6 21.7 22.4 22.0 22.0 22.8

15 weeks and over.................................... 63.7 59.1 61.9 58.3 58.0 58.3 58.0 57.4 56.6

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 17.6 17.4 17.7 15.2 15.5 15.4 15.5 14.9 15.3

27 weeks and over................................. 46.1 41.7 44.2 43.2 42.5 42.9 42.6 42.5 41.3

1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 139,661 141,995 13,237 11,910 8.7 7.7

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 53,216 54,055 2,196 2,062 4.0 3.7

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 21,640 22,590 1,050 934 4.6 4.0

Professional and related occupations........................... 31,576 31,465 1,146 1,128 3.5 3.5

Service occupations.................................................. 24,354 25,303 2,598 2,426 9.6 8.8

Sales and office occupations....................................... 32,974 33,290 2,929 2,745 8.2 7.6

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,134 15,320 1,402 1,266 8.5 7.6

Office and administrative support occupations................. 17,841 17,970 1,528 1,478 7.9 7.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 12,735 12,377 2,110 1,608 14.2 11.5

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 862 913 206 196 19.3 17.6

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 7,042 6,734 1,448 1,137 17.1 14.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 4,831 4,731 455 276 8.6 5.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 16,382 16,970 2,208 1,822 11.9 9.7

Production occupations........................................... 8,098 8,348 1,074 863 11.7 9.4

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 8,284 8,622 1,134 959 12.0 10.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 13,237 11,910 8.7 7.7

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 10,560 9,197 8.9 7.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 28 43 3.5 4.2

Construction........................................................................... 1,501 1,156 17.8 14.5

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,444 1,046 9.4 6.9

Durable goods...................................................................... 951 620 9.8 6.5

Nondurable goods................................................................. 493 427 8.6 7.4

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 1,776 1,603 8.8 7.9

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 500 453 8.4 7.6

Information............................................................................ 218 243 7.1 8.3

Financial activities.................................................................... 621 505 6.7 5.5

Professional and business services................................................ 1,340 1,322 9.1 8.5

Education and health services...................................................... 1,088 1,058 5.0 4.8

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,482 1,290 11.7 9.8

Other services........................................................................ 564 478 9.2 7.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 182 233 13.7 16.0

Government workers.................................................................... 778 786 3.5 3.7

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............. 565 484 5.5 4.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2011

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Apr.

2012

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 5.5 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 5.2 4.8 4.3 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 8.7 8.4 7.7 9.0 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 9.2 8.9 8.3 9.6 9.1 8.9 8.9 8.7 8.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 10.1 9.7 9.1 10.4 10.0 9.9 9.8 9.6 9.5

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 15.5 14.8 14.1 15.9 15.2 15.1 14.9 14.5 14.5

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2012

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 86,248 88,879 34,713 35,452 51,535 53,427

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 6,482 6,328 3,159 3,141 3,323 3,187

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,466 2,363 1,361 1,311 1,105 1,053

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 989 968 566 611 423 357

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,477 1,395 795 699 682 696

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4............................................. 6,887 6,947 3,302 3,501 3,585 3,446

Percent of total employed........................................... 4.9 4.9 4.5 4.7 5.4 5.1

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,586 3,549 1,896 2,026 1,691 1,523

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,831 1,914 618 621 1,213 1,293

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 221 289 149 194 72 95

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,211 1,134 626 634 586 500

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Change

from:

Mar.2012 -

Apr.2012p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,240 131,210 132,071 132,967 131,173 132,720 132,874 132,989 115

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,619 108,887 109,667 110,563 108,989 110,724 110,890 111,020 130

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,755 17,726 17,889 18,100 17,981 18,290 18,328 18,342 14

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756 820 822 827 768 837 837 837 0

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.9 47.3 46.1 43.7 49.0 48.1 47.9 47.0 -0.9

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.6 772.4 776.1 783.1 718.9 788.5 788.9 789.5 0.6

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.5 187.5 191.1 191.0 170.0 189.8 192.5 193.3 0.8

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.6 209.8 211.9 217.5 215.4 221.2 220.7 220.8 0.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.3 86.0 85.6 85.0 85.8 86.3 85.8 85.4 -0.4

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.5 375.1 373.1 374.6 333.5 377.5 375.7 375.4 -0.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,356 5,133 5,223 5,394 5,495 5,563 5,560 5,558 -2

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,181.6 1,168.2 1,171.7 1,186.7 1,217.3 1,238.2 1,227.6 1,224.0 -3.6

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.6 538.4 538.5 545.2 564.9 573.7 568.1 565.6 -2.5

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637.0 629.8 633.2 641.5 652.4 664.5 659.5 658.4 -1.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 810.1 731.7 763.8 818.0 830.1 841.6 845.2 848.5 3.3

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,363.8 3,232.8 3,287.4 3,389.0 3,448.0 3,483.1 3,487.1 3,485.0 -2.1

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,401.4 1,345.7 1,372.7 1,425.8 1,439.0 1,461.1 1,465.8 1,472.1 6.3

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 1,962.4 1,887.1 1,914.7 1,963.2 2,009.0 2,022.0 2,021.3 2,012.9 -8.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,643 11,773 11,844 11,879 11,718 11,890 11,931 11,947 16

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,216 7,372 7,419 7,445 7,245 7,428 7,456 7,471 15

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337.1 324.2 325.9 328.9 339.6 335.2 333.3 332.0 -1.3

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.8 353.5 358.6 365.9 367.0 371.7 371.1 370.8 -0.3

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.1 402.5 403.9 405.9 385.8 403.8 404.9 405.2 0.3

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,327.2 1,375.7 1,383.7 1,390.3 1,337.7 1,385.0 1,390.3 1,396.0 5.7

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,042.8 1,090.6 1,097.0 1,099.8 1,046.5 1,093.3 1,099.1 1,104.0 4.9

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,102.6 1,106.0 1,108.0 1,106.8 1,106.0 1,107.7 1,109.9 1,109.8 -0.1

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 157.1 162.8 163.3 163.7 157.9 162.9 163.3 164.0 0.7

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.8 110.3 110.2 109.1 117.1 110.7 110.7 109.6 -1.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381.2 387.2 387.3 387.4 382.2 387.8 387.4 387.4 0.0

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.1 401.2 402.2 401.5 405.0 401.2 403.1 403.0 -0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 363.5 370.8 371.8 372.0 365.8 372.5 373.7 373.7 0.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370.4 1,428.8 1,448.1 1,445.8 1,371.2 1,430.7 1,443.7 1,446.0 2.3

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713.2 751.1 767.2 765.6 712.4 751.0 762.5 763.8 1.3

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351.1 346.0 347.6 352.5 352.9 351.8 352.1 354.6 2.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571.1 574.0 574.5 576.7 572.5 576.7 577.4 578.7 1.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,427 4,401 4,425 4,434 4,473 4,462 4,475 4,476 1

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,436.3 1,418.9 1,425.1 1,426.6 1,467.5 1,449.7 1,453.6 1,455.3 1.7

Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 180.6 187.9 189.7 192.7 185.4 195.2 196.3 197.0 0.7

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.2 119.4 120.0 120.0 121.4 120.3 120.2 119.9 -0.3

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.5 112.4 113.1 113.9 118.3 113.8 113.7 113.7 0.0

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.7 148.5 149.6 151.5 152.9 150.1 150.6 151.3 0.7

Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.0 30.5 30.1 30.1 29.0 30.6 30.1 30.2 0.1

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.4 389.1 391.9 391.1 391.3 391.4 394.4 393.4 -1.0

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 471.6 454.1 454.4 454.9 474.4 458.6 456.5 456.7 0.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.4 110.5 111.0 114.4 112.1 115.3 114.7 115.2 0.5

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783.9 792.4 797.7 796.2 786.5 795.4 799.0 798.2 -0.8

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633.0 637.0 642.8 642.2 634.0 641.9 645.7 644.8 -0.9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,864 91,161 91,778 92,463 91,008 92,434 92,562 92,678 116

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,782 24,837 24,928 25,048 24,982 25,246 25,230 25,252 22

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,505.2 5,539.5 5,563.4 5,587.0 5,517.6 5,590.4 5,593.3 5,600.7 7.4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,737.5 2,759.6 2,767.5 2,770.7 2,747.5 2,778.8 2,779.2 2,778.4 -0.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,936.5 1,935.4 1,946.8 1,963.1 1,937.4 1,960.8 1,961.6 1,966.6 5.0

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 831.2 844.5 849.1 853.2 832.7 850.8 852.5 855.7 3.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,476.7 14,441.7 14,488.7 14,586.7 14,630.7 14,741.2 14,720.3 14,749.6 29.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,679.6 1,691.4 1,703.4 1,719.8 1,680.5 1,717.7 1,719.1 1,720.9 1.8

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,048.0 1,069.8 1,074.5 1,082.5 1,049.7 1,079.9 1,080.1 1,083.1 3.0

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 433.6 443.5 442.7 441.7 440.4 449.3 449.3 448.8 -0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Change

from:

Mar.2012 -

Apr.2012p

Retail trade - Continued

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 526.6 509.8 503.9 502.6 532.8 513.4 509.8 510.2 0.4

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,191.0 1,099.1 1,150.6 1,206.4 1,153.9 1,150.7 1,156.3 1,160.9 4.6

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,800.3 2,828.4 2,834.3 2,833.9 2,826.7 2,859.9 2,861.8 2,859.1 -2.7

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 971.4 986.1 987.5 987.5 977.6 992.5 994.6 996.3 1.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820.3 814.3 816.6 823.0 826.4 828.1 828.7 828.9 0.2

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,304.9 1,304.8 1,313.0 1,321.9 1,347.4 1,362.3 1,362.6 1,361.3 -1.3

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558.9 551.7 547.3 549.9 578.6 563.2 564.7 566.8 2.1

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,018.0 3,022.2 3,015.5 3,021.7 3,071.1 3,094.6 3,070.5 3,091.9 21.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,499.3 1,521.4 1,503.4 1,497.8 1,542.3 1,558.2 1,543.9 1,550.3 6.4

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755.0 758.5 748.1 755.4 766.2 770.3 766.4 767.8 1.4

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.1 431.9 425.8 422.9 429.1 439.2 436.5 436.7 0.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,247.8 4,298.0 4,315.9 4,311.8 4,279.5 4,353.2 4,355.0 4,338.4 -16.6

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453.0 454.8 456.5 457.1 454.9 456.7 457.7 459.0 1.3

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227.0 230.6 232.5 233.7 227.4 232.3 233.6 233.9 0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 65.4 65.6 65.6 62.4 67.0 67.2 66.5 -0.7

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,277.0 1,299.8 1,307.4 1,316.9 1,295.3 1,334.5 1,332.0 1,333.8 1.8

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.6 446.8 444.4 433.2 438.0 435.6 430.2 419.2 -11.0

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.8 43.7 43.7 43.6 42.8 43.8 43.8 43.9 0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 23.7 24.0 24.9 27.4 26.6 32.0 31.4 31.2 -0.2

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 561.5 573.0 578.4 580.6 562.7 577.6 582.3 580.7 -1.6

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.4 517.7 519.2 510.8 525.2 524.5 528.7 521.3 -7.4

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637.8 642.2 643.3 642.9 644.2 649.2 648.1 648.9 0.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.4 558.0 560.2 562.8 554.3 560.7 561.8 563.2 1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,669 2,635 2,625 2,625 2,671 2,636 2,630 2,628 -2

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 748.6 739.4 738.8 737.9 750.3 741.0 740.8 740.2 -0.6

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361.4 367.4 356.6 364.7 358.8 365.9 360.2 364.2 4.0

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.0 278.5 282.2 281.4 282.6 279.3 282.4 281.6 -0.8

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878.5 844.4 837.9 832.0 882.0 841.6 837.2 833.7 -3.5

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.9 240.4 242.4 243.0 242.9 241.4 241.8 241.3 -0.5

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.0 165.3 166.7 165.8 154.2 166.6 167.8 166.6 -1.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,648 7,653 7,682 7,691 7,679 7,704 7,718 7,719 1

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,736.1 5,748.0 5,764.2 5,755.5 5,749.2 5,757.9 5,766.4 5,766.8 0.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 18.6 18.8 18.8 18.9 18.6 18.9 18.9 19.0 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,547.0 2,574.1 2,587.0 2,577.4 2,554.4 2,575.5 2,585.1 2,581.9 -3.2

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,730.3 1,745.3 1,753.2 1,748.0 1,735.6 1,749.3 1,754.8 1,751.7 -3.1

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,309.2 1,319.4 1,326.6 1,320.6 1,312.2 1,322.2 1,327.2 1,323.7 -3.5

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.3 800.4 800.1 798.5 807.7 801.9 800.6 800.1 -0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,279.1 2,270.6 2,273.7 2,276.4 2,282.4 2,277.2 2,277.0 2,280.8 3.8

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 86.1 84.1 84.6 84.3 86.1 84.4 84.8 85.0 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,911.5 1,904.9 1,917.4 1,935.9 1,929.4 1,946.2 1,951.5 1,951.8 0.3

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,392.2 1,388.0 1,394.1 1,408.5 1,402.4 1,413.2 1,416.0 1,416.5 0.5

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495.3 493.2 499.8 504.0 503.0 509.2 511.8 511.8 0.0

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 24.0 23.7 23.5 23.4 24.0 23.8 23.7 23.5 -0.2

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,236 17,483 17,602 17,818 17,242 17,761 17,798 17,860 62

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,709.1 7,960.0 7,965.4 7,995.7 7,636.1 7,880.7 7,902.0 7,929.5 27.5

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108.5 1,111.8 1,111.7 1,116.5 1,114.0 1,118.7 1,117.0 1,120.9 3.9

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 1,006.0 1,109.9 1,091.8 1,073.7 905.0 971.0 974.2 974.4 0.2

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,281.7 1,295.3 1,300.1 1,313.9 1,290.4 1,315.2 1,318.8 1,326.2 7.4

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,514.8 1,568.0 1,569.4 1,584.0 1,516.9 1,571.7 1,577.9 1,585.3 7.4

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,053.5 1,105.5 1,110.5 1,121.5 1,060.2 1,114.9 1,120.6 1,127.0 6.4

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,898.0 1,925.2 1,934.4 1,932.7 1,906.8 1,936.0 1,940.3 1,942.3 2.0

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,629.1 7,598.2 7,702.0 7,889.1 7,699.2 7,944.4 7,955.9 7,988.2 32.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Change

from:

Mar.2012 -

Apr.2012p

Administrative and waste services - Continued

Administrative and support services1

. . . . . . . . 7,270.0 7,234.7 7,338.7 7,520.4 7,335.7 7,572.5 7,584.3 7,616.0 31.7

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,874.2 2,998.4 3,030.0 3,085.9 2,931.4 3,148.4 3,137.1 3,164.9 27.8

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,246.1 2,357.1 2,382.5 2,430.4 2,294.2 2,482.3 2,472.9 2,494.0 21.1

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.7 820.3 815.9 811.6 811.7 816.9 813.4 815.2 1.8

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,777.1 1,616.1 1,675.2 1,799.3 1,776.3 1,783.4 1,803.5 1,805.5 2.0

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.1 363.5 363.3 368.7 363.5 371.9 371.6 372.2 0.6

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,974 20,304 20,375 20,411 19,804 20,181 20,226 20,249 23

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,398.4 3,455.8 3,478.7 3,486.5 3,233.2 3,301.4 3,319.1 3,323.4 4.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,576.0 16,847.8 16,896.0 16,924.5 16,571.0 16,880.0 16,906.8 16,925.2 18.4

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,963.9 14,215.8 14,254.5 14,276.7 13,985.4 14,257.4 14,282.7 14,301.7 19.0

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 6,099.4 6,255.1 6,268.4 6,289.9 6,104.3 6,273.6 6,283.3 6,298.7 15.4

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,332.5 2,395.4 2,401.1 2,403.4 2,338.7 2,400.7 2,405.8 2,411.3 5.5

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619.4 646.8 648.2 649.6 618.3 646.2 647.7 648.4 0.7

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,131.5 1,164.3 1,170.6 1,180.4 1,129.1 1,168.8 1,173.3 1,179.6 6.3

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,707.8 4,792.0 4,803.1 4,800.4 4,717.6 4,799.9 4,808.6 4,812.7 4.1

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,156.7 3,168.7 3,183.0 3,186.4 3,163.5 3,183.9 3,190.8 3,190.3 -0.5

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,665.3 1,651.4 1,660.3 1,657.8 1,668.9 1,660.3 1,665.0 1,661.0 -4.0

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,612.1 2,632.0 2,641.5 2,647.8 2,585.6 2,622.6 2,624.1 2,623.5 -0.6

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870.4 852.9 855.8 859.2 847.8 839.4 837.0 836.0 -1.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,224 12,943 13,230 13,515 13,295 13,548 13,600 13,612 12

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,877.2 1,721.6 1,794.8 1,874.8 1,916.1 1,929.2 1,942.7 1,927.6 -15.1

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 403.4 368.5 389.3 408.8 398.4 401.1 411.3 404.5 -6.8

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.4 122.7 127.5 131.9 132.8 135.0 135.6 135.0 -0.6

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,342.4 1,230.4 1,278.0 1,334.1 1,384.9 1,393.1 1,395.8 1,388.1 -7.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,347.1 11,221.2 11,434.8 11,639.9 11,378.9 11,618.8 11,657.7 11,684.4 26.7

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,746.7 1,715.3 1,741.8 1,766.2 1,791.4 1,807.0 1,810.4 1,817.4 7.0

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,600.4 9,505.9 9,693.0 9,873.7 9,587.5 9,811.8 9,847.3 9,867.0 19.7

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,331 5,306 5,336 5,355 5,335 5,358 5,360 5,358 -2

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161.2 1,150.2 1,155.5 1,159.4 1,156.2 1,159.9 1,157.9 1,155.7 -2.2

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,283.8 1,275.8 1,287.8 1,297.6 1,281.0 1,291.8 1,294.1 1,293.7 -0.4

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,885.6 2,880.0 2,892.3 2,897.9 2,898.0 2,906.3 2,907.6 2,908.7 1.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,621 22,323 22,404 22,404 22,184 21,996 21,984 21,969 -15

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,873.0 2,803.0 2,811.0 2,821.0 2,873.0 2,828.0 2,825.0 2,821.0 -4.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,231.5 2,188.4 2,197.5 2,199.1 2,234.0 2,208.0 2,207.2 2,202.4 -4.8

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641.7 614.9 613.8 622.1 639.1 620.0 618.0 618.8 0.8

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,241.0 5,191.0 5,211.0 5,212.0 5,098.0 5,067.0 5,070.0 5,071.0 1.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,528.1 2,544.1 2,562.4 2,564.3 2,382.5 2,409.6 2,414.4 2,419.9 5.5

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,712.8 2,646.9 2,649.0 2,647.4 2,715.9 2,657.3 2,655.8 2,650.7 -5.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,507.0 14,329.0 14,382.0 14,371.0 14,213.0 14,101.0 14,089.0 14,077.0 -12.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,299.0 8,194.6 8,230.0 8,200.2 7,930.5 7,854.5 7,842.6 7,831.9 -10.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,208.2 6,134.2 6,151.6 6,171.1 6,282.8 6,246.4 6,246.4 6,244.7 -1.7

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 34.4 34.6 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing..................................................................... 39.8 40.5 40.2 40.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.4 44.7 44.3 44.6

Construction........................................................................ 37.8 38.9 38.6 38.8

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.4 40.9 40.7 40.8

Durable goods................................................................... 40.8 41.4 41.1 41.2

Nondurable goods............................................................... 39.8 40.2 40.1 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.4 33.4 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.7 34.8 34.7 34.7

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.6 38.8 38.7 38.7

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.7 32.0 31.9 31.8

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.8 38.3 38.2 38.3

Utilities............................................................................ 42.0 41.3 41.3 41.7

Information.......................................................................... 36.6 36.7 36.7 36.7

Financial activities................................................................. 37.2 37.3 37.3 37.3

Professional and business services............................................. 35.7 35.9 35.9 35.9

Education and health services................................................... 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.8

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 25.9 26.1 26.1 26.1

Other services...................................................................... 31.9 31.7 31.7 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Total private................................................. $22.97 $23.33 $23.37 $23.38 $ 790.17 $ 807.22 $ 806.27 $ 806.61

Goods-producing........................................ 24.35 24.62 24.66 24.69 969.13 997.11 991.33 997.48

Mining and logging................................... 28.40 28.55 28.79 28.65 1,260.96 1,276.19 1,275.40 1,277.79

Construction........................................... 25.38 25.55 25.63 25.65 959.36 993.90 989.32 995.22

Manufacturing......................................... 23.61 23.91 23.92 23.96 953.84 977.92 973.54 977.57

Durable goods...................................... 25.11 25.31 25.31 25.34 1,024.49 1,047.83 1,040.24 1,044.01

Nondurable goods................................. 21.11 21.50 21.54 21.59 840.18 864.30 863.75 867.92

Private service-providing............................... 22.64 23.03 23.07 23.07 753.91 769.20 770.54 768.23

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 19.95 20.21 20.29 20.33 692.27 703.31 704.06 705.45

Wholesale trade.................................... 26.30 26.52 26.67 26.66 1,015.18 1,028.98 1,032.13 1,031.74

Retail trade.......................................... 15.79 16.06 16.09 16.12 500.54 513.92 513.27 512.62

Transportation and warehousing................. 21.49 21.92 21.97 22.07 833.81 839.54 839.25 845.28

Utilities............................................... 33.86 33.42 33.68 33.83 1,422.12 1,380.25 1,390.98 1,410.71

Information............................................. 31.59 31.60 31.59 31.57 1,156.19 1,159.72 1,159.35 1,158.62

Financial activities.................................... 27.72 28.66 28.80 28.79 1,031.18 1,069.02 1,074.24 1,073.87

Professional and business services................ 27.60 27.89 28.00 27.93 985.32 1,001.25 1,005.20 1,002.69

Education and health services...................... 23.54 24.18 24.10 24.09 774.47 795.52 792.89 790.15

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.21 13.30 13.34 13.37 342.14 347.13 348.17 348.96

Other services......................................... 20.34 20.63 20.55 20.57 648.85 653.97 651.44 652.07

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2012 -

Apr.

2012p

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2012 -

Apr.

2012p

Total private....................................... 94.0 96.0 95.9 96.0 0.1 102.9 106.8 106.8 107.0 0.2

Goods-producing............................... 81.5 84.4 83.9 84.4 0.6 89.7 93.9 93.6 94.2 0.6

Mining and logging.......................... 107.1 117.6 116.5 117.3 0.7 122.2 134.8 134.7 134.9 0.1

Construction.................................. 71.6 74.6 74.0 74.3 0.4 79.0 82.8 82.4 82.8 0.5

Manufacturing................................ 85.2 87.5 87.4 87.7 0.3 93.5 97.3 97.2 97.7 0.5

Durable goods............................ 83.2 86.6 86.3 86.7 0.5 92.8 97.3 97.0 97.5 0.5

Nondurable goods........................ 88.9 89.5 89.6 89.8 0.2 95.2 97.7 97.9 98.4 0.5

Private service-providing...................... 97.3 99.2 99.3 99.1 -0.2 106.8 110.6 111.0 110.8 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 94.3 95.6 95.2 95.3 0.1 101.2 103.9 104.0 104.3 0.3

Wholesale trade........................... 92.9 94.6 94.4 94.6 0.2 102.0 104.7 105.1 105.2 0.1

Retail trade................................ 94.2 95.8 95.4 95.3 -0.1 98.3 101.7 101.5 101.5 0.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 95.0 95.4 95.2 95.1 -0.1 103.6 106.1 106.2 106.5 0.3

Utilities..................................... 100.7 100.2 100.4 101.6 1.2 112.7 110.6 111.7 113.6 1.7

Information................................... 89.3 88.4 88.1 88.1 0.0 100.4 99.4 99.1 99.0 -0.1

Financial activities........................... 94.1 94.7 94.9 94.9 0.0 101.8 105.9 106.6 106.6 0.0

Professional and business services....... 96.8 100.3 100.5 100.8 0.3 108.3 113.3 114.0 114.1 0.1

Education and health services............. 106.1 108.1 108.3 108.1 -0.2 117.0 122.4 122.3 122.0 -0.2

Leisure and hospitality...................... 98.2 100.9 101.3 101.4 0.1 104.7 108.3 109.0 109.3 0.3

Other services............................... 94.3 94.1 94.1 94.1 0.0 108.8 110.2 109.8 109.9 0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Total nonfarm............................................... 64,955 65,411 65,471 65,555 49.5 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private.............................................. 52,349 52,901 52,966 53,046 48.0 47.8 47.8 47.8

Goods-producing...................................... 4,068 4,066 4,078 4,094 22.6 22.2 22.3 22.3

Mining and logging................................. 104 111 112 114 13.5 13.3 13.4 13.6

Construction........................................ 709 707 707 708 12.9 12.7 12.7 12.7

Manufacturing....................................... 3,255 3,248 3,259 3,272 27.8 27.3 27.3 27.4

Durable goods................................... 1,719 1,724 1,730 1,737 23.7 23.2 23.2 23.2

Nondurable goods............................... 1,536 1,524 1,529 1,535 34.3 34.2 34.2 34.3

Private service-providing............................. 48,281 48,835 48,888 48,952 53.1 52.8 52.8 52.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,058 10,040 10,023 10,024 40.3 39.8 39.7 39.7

Wholesale trade................................. 1,658.8 1,680.5 1,681.7 1,684.6 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1

Retail trade....................................... 7,255.5 7,211.8 7,193.5 7,193.9 49.6 48.9 48.9 48.8

Transportation and warehousing.............. 1,007.8 1,008.8 1,008.6 1,004.9 23.5 23.2 23.2 23.2

Utilities............................................ 135.5 139.2 139.3 140.6 24.4 24.8 24.8 25.0

Information.......................................... 1,085 1,066 1,063 1,064 40.6 40.4 40.4 40.5

Financial activities.................................. 4,487 4,479 4,486 4,477 58.4 58.1 58.1 58.0

Professional and business services............. 7,662 7,861 7,883 7,913 44.4 44.3 44.3 44.3

Education and health services................... 15,233 15,489 15,511 15,533 76.9 76.8 76.7 76.7

Leisure and hospitality............................. 6,947 7,074 7,099 7,114 52.3 52.2 52.2 52.3

Other services...................................... 2,809 2,826 2,823 2,827 52.7 52.7 52.7 52.8

Government.............................................. 12,606 12,510 12,505 12,509 56.8 56.9 56.9 56.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data published in this release for women employees in the Government and Total nonfarm industries are erroneous. Additional information is 

available at www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps.htm. 
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Total private................................................................................ 89,850 91,504 91,612 91,740

Goods-producing........................................................................ 12,961 13,219 13,254 13,268

Mining and logging................................................................... 578 638 633 635

Construction........................................................................... 4,158 4,204 4,211 4,206

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,225 8,377 8,410 8,427

Durable goods...................................................................... 4,966 5,123 5,146 5,166

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,259 3,254 3,264 3,261

Private service-providing............................................................... 76,889 78,285 78,358 78,472

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 21,164 21,419 21,411 21,433

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,419.2 4,497.6 4,501.4 4,508.8

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,615.2 12,725.9 12,703.1 12,730.3

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,687.0 3,748.7 3,758.4 3,745.9

Utilities............................................................................... 442.8 447.0 447.6 448.4

Information............................................................................ 2,146 2,123 2,118 2,118

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,889 5,914 5,920 5,919

Professional and business services................................................ 14,162 14,660 14,677 14,731

Education and health services...................................................... 17,351 17,709 17,733 17,756

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 11,710 11,972 12,011 12,032

Other services........................................................................ 4,467 4,488 4,488 4,483

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8

Goods-producing..................................................................... 40.8 41.3 41.2 41.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.6 47.6 47.4 48.4

Construction........................................................................ 38.8 39.3 39.3 39.4

Manufacturing...................................................................... 41.4 41.9 41.7 41.8

Durable goods................................................................... 41.8 42.3 42.1 42.2

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.9 41.1 41.0 41.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 33.8 33.9 33.8 33.8

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.5 38.9 38.7 38.7

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.6 30.7 30.7 30.7

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.0 37.8 37.7 37.8

Utilities............................................................................ 42.7 40.7 40.5 40.9

Information.......................................................................... 36.5 36.0 36.0 35.9

Financial activities................................................................. 36.3 36.6 36.7 36.6

Professional and business services............................................. 35.3 35.3 35.2 35.3

Education and health services................................................... 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.3

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.8 24.9 25.0 24.9

Other services...................................................................... 30.8 30.6 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2

Durable goods........................................................................ 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.4

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Total private................................................. $19.39 $19.65 $19.69 $19.72 $ 653.44 $ 664.17 $ 665.52 $ 666.54

Goods-producing........................................ 20.59 20.84 20.90 20.94 840.07 860.69 861.08 864.82

Mining and logging................................... 24.04 25.46 25.61 25.45 1,120.26 1,211.90 1,213.91 1,231.78

Construction........................................... 23.57 23.82 23.93 23.91 914.52 936.13 940.45 942.05

Manufacturing......................................... 18.90 19.04 19.06 19.15 782.46 797.78 794.80 800.47

Durable goods...................................... 20.11 20.16 20.16 20.23 840.60 852.77 848.74 853.71

Nondurable goods................................. 17.02 17.23 17.28 17.39 696.12 708.15 708.48 712.99

Private service-providing............................... 19.14 19.39 19.43 19.46 622.05 630.18 631.48 632.45

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 17.10 17.32 17.37 17.39 577.98 587.15 587.11 587.78

Wholesale trade.................................... 21.93 22.01 22.11 22.14 844.31 856.19 855.66 856.82

Retail trade.......................................... 13.46 13.74 13.78 13.75 411.88 421.82 423.05 422.13

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.39 19.63 19.69 19.75 736.82 742.01 742.31 746.55

Utilities............................................... 31.12 31.01 31.09 31.39 1,328.82 1,262.11 1,259.15 1,283.85

Information............................................. 26.72 26.71 26.80 26.80 975.28 961.56 964.80 962.12

Financial activities.................................... 21.86 22.43 22.47 22.56 793.52 820.94 824.65 825.70

Professional and business services................ 23.08 23.13 23.24 23.26 814.72 816.49 818.05 821.08

Education and health services...................... 20.59 21.03 21.03 21.05 665.06 681.37 681.37 679.92

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.42 11.58 11.61 11.66 283.22 288.34 290.25 290.33

Other services......................................... 17.27 17.44 17.36 17.37 531.92 533.66 532.95 533.26

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2012 -

Apr.

2012p

Apr.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012p

Apr.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2012 -

Apr.

2012p

Total private....................................... 101.2 103.3 103.5 103.6 0.1 131.1 135.7 136.1 136.5 0.3

Goods-producing............................... 80.8 83.4 83.4 83.7 0.4 101.9 106.5 106.8 107.4 0.6

Mining and logging.......................... 143.1 161.4 159.4 163.3 2.4 200.1 239.0 237.5 241.7 1.8

Construction.................................. 80.8 82.7 82.9 83.0 0.1 102.8 106.4 107.1 107.1 0.0

Manufacturing................................ 78.2 80.6 80.5 80.9 0.5 96.6 100.3 100.3 101.3 1.0

Durable goods............................ 78.0 81.4 81.4 81.9 0.6 97.9 102.5 102.5 103.5 1.0

Nondurable goods........................ 78.5 78.8 78.8 78.8 0.0 94.5 95.9 96.3 96.8 0.5

Private service-providing...................... 106.8 108.8 108.9 109.0 0.1 140.2 144.6 145.1 145.5 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 99.7 101.2 100.9 101.0 0.1 121.6 125.1 125.0 125.3 0.2

Wholesale trade........................... 100.2 103.0 102.6 102.8 0.2 129.4 133.6 133.6 134.0 0.3

Retail trade................................ 97.7 98.9 98.7 98.9 0.2 112.7 116.5 116.6 116.6 0.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 105.5 106.7 106.7 106.6 -0.1 129.7 132.8 133.2 133.5 0.2

Utilities..................................... 96.7 93.0 92.7 93.8 1.2 125.6 120.4 120.3 122.9 2.2

Information................................... 89.4 87.2 87.0 86.8 -0.2 118.3 115.3 115.5 115.1 -0.3

Financial activities........................... 102.3 103.6 104.0 103.7 -0.3 138.3 143.6 144.4 144.6 0.1

Professional and business services....... 112.0 116.0 115.8 116.5 0.6 153.9 159.6 160.1 161.3 0.7

Education and health services............. 120.9 123.8 123.9 123.7 -0.2 163.6 171.1 171.3 171.2 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality...................... 106.4 109.2 110.0 109.7 -0.3 138.0 143.6 145.0 145.3 0.2

Other services............................... 96.5 96.3 96.6 96.5 -0.1 121.4 122.4 122.2 122.2 0.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary