For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, August 25, 2010 USDL-10-1172 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY: LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS — 2009 

The proportion of the population employed in 2009—the employment-population ratio—was 19.2 percent among those with a disability, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The employmentpopulation ratio for persons without a disability was 64.5 percent. The unemployment rate of persons 

with a disability was 14.5 percent, higher than the rate for those with no disability, which was 9.0 percent. 

This is the first news release focusing on the employment status of persons with a disability. The information in this release was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides statistics on employment and unemployment in the United 

States. Beginning in June 2008, questions were added to the CPS that were designed to identify persons 

with a disability in the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over, and 2009 is the first calendar 

year for which annual averages are available. The collection of these data is sponsored by the Department of Labor's Office of Disability Employment Policy. For more information, see the Technical Note. 

Some highlights from the 2009 data are: 

 For all age groups, the employment-population ratio was much lower for persons with a disability than for those with no disability. (See table 1.) 

 The unemployment rate of persons with a disability was well above the rate of those with no 

disability. (See table 1.) 

 Persons with a disability were over three times as likely as those with no disability to be age 

65 or over. (See table 1.) 

 Nearly one-third of workers with a disability were employed part time, compared with about 

one-fifth of those with no disability. (See table 2.) 

Demographic characteristics 

Persons with a disability tend to be older than persons with no disability, reflecting the increased incidence of disability with age. In 2009, almost half of persons with a disability were age 65 and over, 

compared with about one-tenth of those with no disability. Women were somewhat more likely to 

have a disability than men, partly reflecting the greater life expectancy of women. Among major race 

and ethnicity groups, the prevalence of a disability was higher for blacks and whites than for Asians 

and Hispanics. (See table 1.) 
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Employment 

In 2009, the employment-population ratio—the proportion of the population that is employed—was 

19.2 percent for persons with a disability. Among those with no disability, the ratio was much higher 

(64.5 percent). In part, this reflects the older age profile of persons with a disability; older individuals—

regardless of disability status—are less likely to be employed. However, across all age groups, persons 

with a disability were much less likely to be employed than those with no disability. (See table 1.) 

Persons with a disability who have completed higher levels of education were more likely to be employed than those with less education. However, at all levels of education, persons with a disability 

were less than half as likely to be employed than were their counterparts with no disability. (Because 

many people have completed their education by age 24, educational attainment data are presented for 

those age 25 and over.) (See table 1.) 

Workers with a disability were more likely than those with no disability to work part time. Among 

workers with a disability, 32 percent usually worked part time in 2009, compared with 19 percent of 

workers without a disability. A slightly larger proportion of workers with a disability worked part time 

for economic reasons than those with no disability (8 and 6 percent, respectively). These individuals 

were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a 

full-time job. (See table 2.) 

Workers with a disability were slightly more likely than those with no disability to work in service 

occupations (20 percent, compared with 18 percent) and in production, transportation, and material 

moving occupations (14 percent, compared with 11 percent). Those with a disability were less likely 

to work in management, professional, and related occupations (31 percent, compared with 38 percent). (See table 3.) 

In 2009, 16 percent of workers with a disability were employed in federal, state, and local government, 

about the same percentage as those with no disability (15 percent). Seventy-three percent of workers 

with a disability were employed as private wage and salary workers, compared with 78 percent of those 

with no disability. A larger proportion of workers with a disability were self-employed than were those 

with no disability (11 and 7 percent, respectively). (See table 4.) 

Unemployment 

Individuals with a disability were more likely to be unemployed than were those with no disability. The 

unemployment rate for persons with a disability was 14.5 percent in 2009, well above the figure of 9.0 

percent for those with no disability. (Unemployed persons are those who did not have a job, were available for work, and were actively looking for a job in the past 4 weeks.) (See table 1.) 

Among persons with a disability, the jobless rate for men (15.1 percent) was slightly higher than the 

rate for women (13.8 percent). As is the case among those without a disability, the unemployment rates 

in 2009 for those with a disability were higher among blacks (22.1 percent) and Hispanics (19.0 percent) 

than among whites (13.3 percent) and Asians (11.6 percent). (See table 1.) 

Not in the labor force 

Persons who are neither employed nor unemployed are referred to as not in the labor force. A large proportion of those with a disability—about 8 in 10—were not in the labor force in 2009, compared with 3 
- 3 - 

in 10 of those with no disability. In part, this reflects the fact that many of those with a disability are age 

65 and over. However, for all age groups, persons with a disability were more likely than those with no 

disability to be out of the labor force. 

For persons with and without a disability, the vast majority of those not in the labor force reported that 

they do not want a job. Among those who do want a job, a subset is classified as marginally attached to 

the labor force. These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and 

had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because 

they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among persons not in the labor 

force, 1 percent of those with a disability were marginally attached to the labor force in 2009, compared 

with 3 percent of those with no disability. (Persons marginally attached to the labor force include discouraged workers.) (See table 5.) 
Technical Note 

The estimates in this release are based on annual 

average data obtained from the Current Population Survey 

(CPS). The CPS is a monthly survey of about 60,000 

households that is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

Questions were added to the CPS in June 2008 to 

identify persons with a disability in the civilian 

noninstitutional population age 16 and older. The addition of 

these questions allowed the Bureau of Labor Statistics to 

begin releasing monthly labor force data from the CPS for 

persons with a disability. The collection of these data is 

sponsored by the Department of Labor's Office of Disability 

Employment Policy. 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values they 

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies 

depending on the particular sample selected, and this 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability 

or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data. 

In addition, unlike other CPS data, the estimates of the 

population of persons with a disability are not controlled to 

independent population totals because such data are not 

currently available. Without controls, estimates are more apt 

to vary in unpredictable ways from one month to the next. 

Additionally, the labor force estimates for persons with 

disabilities have not been seasonally adjusted due to the fact 

that these data have been collected for a few months only. 

Typically, several years worth of monthly estimates are 

required before seasonally adjusted estimates can be 

produced. 

A full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS 

and information on estimating standard errors is available 

online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. 

Disability questions and concepts 

The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify persons 

with disabilities. In the CPS, persons are classified as having 

a disability if there is a response of "yes" to any of these 

questions. The disability questions appear in the CPS in the 

following format: 

This month we want to learn about people who have 

physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause serious 

difficulty with their daily activities. Please answer for 

household members who are 15 years and older. 

 Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious 

difficulty hearing? 

 Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious 

difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? 

 Because of a physical, mental, or emotional 

condition, does anyone have serious difficulty 

concentrating, remembering, or making decisions? 

 Does anyone have serious difficulty walking or 

climbing stairs? 

 Does anyone have difficulty dressing or bathing? 

 Because of a physical, mental, or emotional 

condition, does anyone have difficulty doing errands 

alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping? 

The CPS questions for identifying individuals with 

disabilities are only asked of household members who are age 

15 and older. Each of the questions ask the respondent 

whether anyone in the household has the condition described, 

and if the respondent replies "yes," they are then asked to 

identify everyone in the household who has the condition. 

Labor force measures from the CPS are tabulated for persons 

age 16 and older. More information on the disability 

questions and the limitations of the CPS disability data is 

available on the BLS Web site at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cpsdisability_faq.htm. 

Other definitions 

Other definitions used in this release are described 

briefly below. Additional information on the concepts and 

methodology of the CPS is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Employed persons are all those who, during the survey 

reference week (which is generally the week including the 

12th day of the month), (a) did any work at all as paid 
employees; (b) worked in their own business, profession, or 

on their own farm; (c) worked 15 hours or more as unpaid 

workers in a family-operated enterprise; or (d) were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, 

vacation, labor dispute, or another reason. 

Unemployed persons are all persons who had no 

employment during the reference week, were available for 

work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific 

efforts to find employment sometime during the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey. Persons who were waiting to be 

recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not 

have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed. 

Civilian labor force comprises all persons classified as 

employed or unemployed. 

Unemployment rate represents the number of 

unemployed persons as a percent of the civilian labor force. 

Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not 

classified as employed or unemployed. Information is 

collected on their desire for and availability to take a job at 

the time of the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior 

year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to 

the survey week. This group includes individuals marginally 

attached to the labor force, defined as persons not in the 

labor force who want and are available for a job and who 

have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months (or 

since the end of their last job if they held one within the past 

12 months). They are not counted as unemployed because 

they had not actively searched for work in the prior 4 weeks. 

Within the marginally attached group are discouraged 

workers—persons who are not currently looking for work 

because they believe there are no jobs available or there are 

none for which they would qualify. The other persons 

marginally attached to the labor force group includes persons 

who want a job but had not looked for work in the past 4 

weeks for reasons such as family responsibilities or 

transportation problems. 

At work part time for economic reasons, a measure 

sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, refers to 

individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 

hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include 

slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to 

find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those 

who usually work part time must also indicate that they want 

and are available for full-time work. 

Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the 

employed relate to the job held in the survey reference week. 

Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at 

which they worked the greatest number of hours. Persons are 

classified using the 2002 Census occupational and 2007 

Census industry classification systems. The class-of-worker 

breakdown assigns workers to the following categories: 

Private and government wage and salary workers, selfemployed workers, and unpaid family workers. Wage and 

salary workers receive wages, salary, commissions, tips, or 

pay in kind from a private employer or from a government 

unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for profit or 

fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only 

the unincorporated self-employed are included in the selfemployed category. Self-employed persons who respond that 

their businesses are incorporated are included among wage 

and salary workers because, in a legal sense, they are paid 

employees of a corporation. 
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and selected

characteristics, 2009 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Participation

rate

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Rate

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235,801 154,142 65.4 139,877 59.3 14,265 9.3 81,659

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,136 82,123 72.0 73,670 64.5 8,453 10.3 32,013

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,665 72,019 59.2 66,208 54.4 5,811 8.1 49,646

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,981 6,050 22.4 5,174 19.2 876 14.5 20,931

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,184 3,221 26.4 2,735 22.4 486 15.1 8,963

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,797 2,829 19.1 2,439 16.5 390 13.8 11,968

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,845 5,220 35.2 4,406 29.7 814 15.6 9,625

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 173 28.9 107 17.9 66 38.2 424

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792 376 47.5 279 35.2 97 25.9 416

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,646 758 46.1 606 36.8 153 20.1 887

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,230 931 41.8 782 35.1 149 16.0 1,298

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,182 1,476 35.3 1,278 30.6 198 13.4 2,706

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,398 1,505 27.9 1,354 25.1 152 10.1 3,893

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,136 830 6.8 768 6.3 61 7.4 11,306

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,039 5,066 23.0 4,391 19.9 675 13.3 16,972

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,493 633 18.1 493 14.1 140 22.1 2,861

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621 117 18.9 104 16.7 14 11.6 504

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,478 562 22.7 455 18.4 107 19.0 1,915

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,591 5,501 21.5 4,788 18.7 712 12.9 20,091

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,558 705 10.8 574 8.7 132 18.7 5,852

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,160 1,773 19.4 1,535 16.8 238 13.4 7,387

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,174 1,782 28.9 1,542 25.0 240 13.5 4,393

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,700 1,241 33.5 1,138 30.8 103 8.3 2,459

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208,820 148,092 70.9 134,703 64.5 13,389 9.0 60,728

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,952 78,902 77.4 70,935 69.6 7,967 10.1 23,050

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,868 69,190 64.7 63,769 59.7 5,421 7.8 37,678

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182,958 142,388 77.8 129,358 70.7 13,029 9.2 40,570

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,446 6,217 37.8 4,731 28.8 1,486 23.9 10,229

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,732 14,595 74.0 12,485 63.3 2,110 14.5 5,137

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,635 32,540 84.2 29,409 76.1 3,131 9.6 6,095

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,690 33,307 86.1 30,734 79.4 2,573 7.7 5,382

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,183 34,730 86.4 32,335 80.5 2,394 6.9 5,453

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,272 21,000 71.7 19,665 67.2 1,335 6.4 8,273

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,862 5,705 22.1 5,345 20.7 359 6.3 20,158

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168,864 120,578 71.4 110,605 65.5 9,972 8.3 48,286

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,748 16,999 68.7 14,532 58.7 2,467 14.5 7,749

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,220 7,039 68.9 6,531 63.9 508 7.2 3,181

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,413 21,790 71.6 19,191 63.1 2,599 11.9 8,623

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172,642 127,281 73.7 117,488 68.1 9,793 7.7 45,361

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,571 11,441 58.5 9,797 50.1 1,644 14.4 8,130

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,309 36,413 69.6 32,952 63.0 3,461 9.5 15,896

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,552 35,033 76.9 32,346 71.0 2,687 7.7 10,519

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,210 44,393 80.4 42,393 76.8 2,000 4.5 10,816

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose

ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Employed full- and part-time workers by disability status and age, 2009 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Disability status and age

Employed At work

part time for

economic

reasons1

Total

Usually

work

full time

Usually

work

part time

TOTAL

16 years and over......................................................................... 139,877 112,634 27,244 8,913

16 to 64 years........................................................................... 133,764 109,155 24,609 8,671

65 years and over....................................................................... 6,114 3,479 2,635 241

Persons with a disability

16 years and over......................................................................... 5,174 3,502 1,672 425

16 to 64 years........................................................................... 4,406 3,134 1,271 394

65 years and over....................................................................... 768 368 401 31

Persons with no disability

16 years and over......................................................................... 134,703 109,132 25,572 8,488

16 to 64 years........................................................................... 129,358 106,021 23,337 8,278

65 years and over....................................................................... 5,345 3,111 2,234 210

1 Refers to persons who, whether they usually work full or part time, worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack

work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. Persons who usually work part time for an

economic reason, but worked 35 hours or more during the reference week are excluded. Also excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs for the entire reference week.

NOTE: Full time refers to persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week; part time refers to persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
Table 3. Employed persons by disability status, occupation, and sex, 2009 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)........................................ 5,174 2,735 2,439 134,703 70,935 63,769

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 30.5 28.5 32.7 37.6 34.7 40.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 13.3 15.0 11.5 15.5 16.8 14.0

Management occupations...................................... 9.8 12.3 7.1 11.1 13.2 8.8

Business and financial operations occupations............. 3.5 2.7 4.4 4.4 3.6 5.2

Professional and related occupations........................... 17.1 13.5 21.2 22.1 17.9 26.8

Computer and mathematical occupations................... 1.6 2.4 0.8 2.5 3.6 1.3

Architecture and engineering occupations................... 1.3 2.2 0.4 2.0 3.2 0.6

Life, physical, and social science occupations.............. 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0

Community and social services occupations................ 1.9 1.4 2.5 1.7 1.2 2.2

Legal occupations............................................... 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3

Education, training, and library occupations................. 5.3 2.7 8.2 6.2 3.0 9.7

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.9

Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations.......... 3.8 1.7 6.3 5.6 2.7 8.8

Service occupations.................................................. 20.3 16.8 24.3 17.5 14.2 21.1

Healthcare support occupations................................. 2.6 0.7 4.9 2.4 0.5 4.5

Protective service occupations................................... 2.0 3.1 0.8 2.3 3.3 1.1

Food preparation and serving related occupations............ 5.5 4.3 6.8 5.5 4.7 6.5

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations...................................................... 5.8 7.0 4.6 3.7 4.2 3.2

Personal care and service occupations......................... 4.4 1.8 7.3 3.6 1.5 5.9

Sales and office occupations....................................... 25.5 17.4 34.6 24.1 16.9 32.1

Sales and related occupations................................... 11.3 10.4 12.3 11.2 10.7 11.7

Office and administrative support occupations................. 14.2 7.0 22.3 12.9 6.2 20.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 9.2 16.6 0.9 9.5 17.3 0.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 0.7 1.2 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.3

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 4.9 8.8 0.5 5.3 9.9 0.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 3.6 6.7 0.2 3.5 6.4 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations... 14.4 20.6 7.4 11.3 16.9 5.1

Production occupations........................................... 7.6 10.1 4.7 5.4 7.4 3.2

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 6.9 10.6 2.7 5.9 9.5 1.9
Table 4. Employed persons by disability status, industry, class of worker, and sex, 2009 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry and class of worker

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)........................................ 5,174 2,735 2,439 134,703 70,935 63,769

Industry as a percent of total employed

Agriculture and related industries..................................... 2.7 4.0 1.2 1.5 2.1 0.7

Nonagricultural industries.............................................. 97.3 96.0 98.8 98.5 97.9 99.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................... 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.1

Construction........................................................... 6.4 10.6 1.6 7.0 12.0 1.4

Manufacturing......................................................... 10.0 13.8 5.7 10.2 13.8 6.2

Wholesale trade...................................................... 2.4 3.1 1.7 2.7 3.7 1.7

Retail trade............................................................ 12.9 12.4 13.5 11.3 10.9 11.7

Transportation and utilities.......................................... 5.0 6.7 3.0 5.2 7.6 2.5

Information............................................................ 2.1 2.5 1.6 2.3 2.6 2.1

Financial activities.................................................... 5.8 5.3 6.3 6.9 6.0 7.9

Professional and business services................................ 9.9 10.5 9.2 10.8 11.9 9.5

Education and health services...................................... 22.7 11.7 35.1 22.7 10.7 36.2

Leisure and hospitality............................................... 9.1 8.3 10.0 9.1 8.4 9.9

Other services........................................................ 5.5 5.3 5.7 4.9 4.5 5.4

Public administration................................................. 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.1 4.7

Class of worker as a percent of total employed1

Wage and salary workers.............................................. 88.8 86.6 91.3 93.1 91.8 94.5

Private industries..................................................... 73.0 73.6 72.3 77.9 79.6 76.1

Government........................................................... 15.8 12.9 19.0 15.2 12.3 18.4

Federal.............................................................. 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.4

State................................................................. 5.3 3.8 6.9 4.5 3.5 5.6

Local................................................................. 7.5 5.9 9.4 8.1 6.1 10.4

Self-employed workers................................................. 11.1 13.3 8.6 6.9 8.1 5.5

1 Includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

NOTE: The self-employed refer to the unincorporated self-employed. Self-employed persons whose businesses are incorporated are classified as wage

and salary workers.
Table 5. Persons not in the labor force by disability status, age, and sex, 2009 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total,

16 years and

over

16 to 64 years Total,

65 years and

Total Men Women over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force..................................................... 20,931 9,625 4,489 5,136 11,306

Persons who currently want a job.......................................... 620 459 220 239 161

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 193 166 87 79 27

Discouraged workers2

.................................................. 60 50 29 20 10

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3

............ 133 116 58 58 17

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force..................................................... 60,728 40,570 14,707 25,863 20,158

Persons who currently want a job.......................................... 5,273 4,821 2,270 2,550 453

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 2,034 1,927 1,027 900 107

Discouraged workers2

.................................................. 718 673 426 247 45

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3

............ 1,315 1,254 601 653 62

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.