1

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS: 2007

In 2007, the unemployment rate among veterans who served in the U.S. Armed Forces since September

2001 was 6.1 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor reported

today. About 17 percent of these veterans, also called Gulf War-era II veterans, had a service-connected

disability in August 2007. The jobless rate for veterans of all eras combined was 3.8 percent in 2007.

About 12 percent of all veterans had a service-connected disability in August 2007.

This information on veterans was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample

survey of about 60,000 households that provides official statistics on employment and unemployment in the

United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; those monthly data are the source of

the 2007 annual averages presented in this release. In August 2007, a supplement to the CPS collected

additional information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability. Information from the

supplement also is presented in this release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of

Veterans Affairs and the Veterans’ Employment and Training Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of

Labor. For more information, see the box note on page 4 and the technical note, which provides definitions

of terms, including periods of service, used in this release. Other findings from the 2007 annual averages and

August 2007 supplement include:

Young male veterans (those ages 18 to 24) who served during Gulf War era II had an unemployment

rate of 11.2 percent in 2007, not statistically different from the jobless rate of young male nonveterans

(10.5 percent). Young male veterans were more likely to be in the labor force than their nonveteran

counterparts.

Gulf War-era II veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had an

unemployment rate of 2.6 percent, compared with a rate of 8.1 percent for those who had not been

members.

The unemployment rate for disabled veterans was 3.4 percent in August 2007, essentially the same as

the rate for nondisabled veterans (3.5 percent).

One-third of employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public sector; 16

percent were employed by the federal government.

•

•

•

•

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-0456

http://www.bls.gov/cps/

For release: 10:00 A.M. (EDT)

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Thursday, April 10, 2008

 (NOTE: This news release was reissued on Friday, April 11, 2008, to correct an estimate

shown in the text on page 3. The estimate of Gulf War-era II veterans with a serviceconnected disability was corrected from "18 percent" to "about 17 percent." Data in the 

tables and other figures in the text were not affected by this correction.)

News

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

United States

Department 

of Labor
2

The Veteran Population

In the CPS, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. In 2007, 22.6 million men and

women in the civilian noninstitutional population ages 18 and over were veterans. The veteran population

differs from the nonveteran population in several ways. Veterans are more likely to be men, white, and older

than nonveterans. In part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during World War II, the

Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Veterans who served during these wars account for about one-half

(12.3 million) of the total veteran population. A total of 4.3 million veterans served during Gulf War era I

(August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 forward). Another 6.0 million served

outside the designated wartime periods. (See table 1.) Because age and other demographic differences

affect employment and unemployment status, the groups of veterans listed above are examined separately in

the next sections.

Gulf War-era II Veterans

About 1.5 million veterans served during Gulf War era II. As with all period-of-service groups, men

accounted for the vast majority (84 percent) of Gulf War-era II veterans. However, the proportion of

veterans who were women was much higher among veterans who served in Gulf War era II (16 percent)

than among those who served in earlier periods. In 2007, about two-thirds of all Gulf War-era II veterans

were under the age of 35. (See tables 1 and 2.)

In 2007, a large majority (86.5 percent) of Gulf War-era II veterans participated in the labor force, and

their unemployment rate was 6.1 percent. For those ages 18 to 24, the unemployment rate was 12.0 percent, twice that of Gulf War-era II veterans ages 25 to 34 (6.0 percent). Among men ages 18 to 24, the

unemployment rate of Gulf War-era II veterans (11.2 percent) was about the same as the rate of nonveterans (10.5 percent). In general, Gulf War-era II veterans had unemployment rates that were not

statistically different from those of nonveterans of the same age and gender.

Nearly one-third of employed male veterans of Gulf War era II worked in management, professional,

and related occupations, about the same proportion as male nonveterans. Sales and office occupations;

natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations; and production, transportation, and material

moving occupations each accounted for about 18 percent of employed male veterans and nonveterans.

(See table 3.)

Among female veterans of Gulf War era II, nearly 40 percent were employed in management and professional occupations, with another 33 percent working in sales and office jobs. These proportions were

virtually the same as those for female nonveterans.

Gulf War-era I Veterans

For the 2.9 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001), the

proportion that were men was similar to that of Gulf War-era II veterans. In 2007, about two-thirds of

Gulf War-era I veterans were ages 35 and over, compared with one-third of those from Gulf War era II.

Nearly 90 percent of veterans from Gulf War era I were in the labor force in 2007, somewhat higher

than the rate of Gulf War-era II veterans. The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans (3.5 percent)

was lower than the rate for Gulf War-era II veterans (6.1 percent). These differences in labor force participation and unemployment rates probably reflect the older age distribution of veterans who served in Gulf
3

War era I. Labor force participation rates and unemployment rates of Gulf War-era I veterans were similar

to those of nonveterans of the same age and gender.

Veterans of Earlier Service Periods

In 2007, there were about 12 million veterans who had served during World War II, the Korean War,

or the Vietnam era. Nearly all of these veterans were at least 55 years old, and one-half were at least 65

years old. About 97 percent of these veterans were men.

About 40 percent of male veterans of these earlier wartime periods were in the labor force in 2007, and

their unemployment rate was 3.4 percent. As with nonveterans, the labor force participation rates for these

veterans decreased with age; the rate for veterans ages 45 to 54 was 78.9 percent, while the rate for those

ages 65 and over was 14.8 percent. In contrast, the unemployment rates for these veterans were similar

across the age groups.

Male veterans of these wartime periods (World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era) had

lower labor force participation rates than male nonveterans in the same age categories. The unemployment

rates of these veterans and nonveterans were about the same, however.

Six million veterans served on active duty during “other service periods,” mainly between the Korean

War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I. (See table 1.) Because these

veterans served between the major wartime periods, which span several decades, this group has a diverse

age profile. About 37 percent of these veterans were at least 65 years old. Another 34 percent were

between ages 45 and 54, and 21 percent were ages 35 to 44. Ninety-one percent were men.

Among most age groups, male veterans of service periods between the designated wartime periods had

labor force participation rates and unemployment rates similar to those of male nonveterans.

Disabled Veterans

In August 2007, about 2.6 million veterans, or 12 percent of the total, reported having a serviceconnected disability. (Some veterans did not report whether they had a service-connected disability.)

Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the Department of Veterans

Affairs. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the

severity of the condition. About 40 percent of disabled veterans reported a disability rating of less than

30 percent, while 25 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. (See table 5.)

Among veterans who served in Gulf War era II, about 17 percent (260,000) reported having a serviceconnected disability, one-fifth of whom had a rating of 60 percent or more. Of Gulf War-era II veterans

with a disability, 87.8 percent were in the labor force, about the same as the rate for nondisabled veterans

from this period. The unemployment rate of disabled veterans from Gulf War eras I and II combined was

2.0 percent, while the rate for nondisabled veterans was 4.4 percent; in statistical terms, these rates are not

significantly different.

Thirty percent of disabled veterans of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era were in the

labor force in August 2007, compared with 40.5 percent of veterans from these periods who did not have a

service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of disabled veterans of these earlier wartime periods

was 5.4 percent; for their nondisabled peers, it was 3.3 percent. (See table 5.)

Disabled veterans who were on active duty during other (non-wartime) service periods had a 58.0 percent labor force participation rate, essentially the same as the rate for nondisabled veterans from these
4

periods (59.9 percent). The unemployment rate of disabled veterans from other service periods was 3.2

percent; for the nondisabled, it was 2.8 percent.

About 33 percent of disabled veterans were employed in federal, state, or local government, compared

with 18 percent of nondisabled veterans and 14 percent of nonveterans. About 16 percent of employed

disabled veterans worked for the federal government. This compared with 7 percent of nondisabled veterans

and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 6.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

The August 2007 supplement collected information about Gulf War-era veterans’ membership in the

Reserve or National Guard. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, about 38 percent were reported to be current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard; the proportion for Gulf War-era I veterans was

32 percent. About half of both Gulf War-era II and Gulf War-era I veterans had never belonged to the

Reserve or National Guard. Information on Reserve or National Guard status was not reported for a

substantial proportion of both groups.

For Gulf War-era II veterans, those who were current or past members of the Reserve or National

Guard had an unemployment rate of 2.6 percent, compared with a rate of 8.1 percent for those who had

never been members. Labor force participation rates did not differ significantly by Reserve or National

Guard membership for Gulf War-era II veterans. For veterans of Gulf War era I, both labor force participation rates and unemployment rates were similar regardless of Reserve or National Guard membership.

(See table 7.)

Changes in the News Releases on Veterans

Since 1985, BLS has issued news releases biennially that focused on the results

from the Current Population Survey (CPS) veterans supplements. This is the first news

release in the series to combine annual average and supplement data from the CPS.

This release is also the first to contain detailed information on veterans who served in

the Armed Forces since September 2001, also referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans.

BLS plans to issue alternating news releases on veterans. In odd-numbered years,

the release will include only the annual average data for the previous year. In evennumbered years, that is, the years following the biennial veterans supplements, the news

release will include both annual average and supplement data.
Technical Note

The estimates in this release are obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides basic information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The 

survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics

by the U.S. Census Bureau from a scientifically selected

national sample of about 60,000 households. 

Most of the data in this release are annual averages for

2007, compiled from the results of the monthly survey. Some 

of the data, such as those related to service-connected 

disability and Reserve or National Guard status, are from

special questions asked as part of the latest biennial veterans 

supplement to the CPS, which was conducted in August 2007. 

The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of 

Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's

Veterans’ Employment and Training Service. Questions were 

asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their 

prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated for 

persons 18 years of age and older. 

Information in this release will be made available to

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-

877-8339.

Definitions

The definitions underlying the data in this release are as 

follows:

Veterans are men and women who previously served on 

active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Members of the

Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they 

had ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on active 

duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of the 

survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as are

persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and 

prisons. 

Nonveterans are men and women who never served on 

active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf Warera veterans are men and women who served in the Armed 

Forces during these periods, regardless of where they served. 

Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are 

classified in the most recent one.

Veterans of other service periods are men and women who 

served in the Armed Forces at any time other than World War 

II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf War era. 

Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed 

conflicts during other service periods, these conflicts were 

more limited in scope and included a smaller proportion of the 

Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. Veterans 

who served during one of the selected wartime periods and 

during another period are classified in the wartime period.

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed 

Forces?"

Period of service is obtained from answers to the question

asked of veterans, "When did you serve on active duty in the 

U.S. Armed Forces?" The following service periods are

identified:

Gulf War era II — September 2001–present

Gulf War era I — August 1990–August 2001

May 1975–July 1990

Vietnam era — August 1964–April 1975

February 1955–July 1964

Korean War — July 1950–January 1955

January 1947–June 1950

World War II — December 1941–December 1946

November 1941 or earlier

 

Period-of-service definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program needs of the 

survey sponsors.

Presence of service-connected disability is provided by 

answers to the question, "Has the Department of Veterans 

Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) determined 

that you have a service-connected disability, that is, a health 

condition or impairment caused or made worse by any of your 

military service?" 

Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to 

the question, "What is your current service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 100 percent, in 

increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined 

by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the 

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses,

and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—"Schedule for Rating

Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the 

evaluation of disability resulting from all types of diseases and 

injuries encountered as a result of or incident to military 

service. The percentage ratings represent, as far as can

practicably be determined, the average impairment in earning 

capacity resulting from such diseases and injuries and their 

residual conditions in civil occupations." Part 4 contains a 

listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of 

0 through 100 percent in steps of 10 percent for each, with 

instructions for rating multiple disorders. 

Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers to two questions. Gulf War-era veterans were asked: 

"Was any of your active service the result of a call-up from the 

Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they were

asked, “Have you ever been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?'' A ‘yes’ response to either question classified persons as “Current or past member of the Reserve or National Guard.” A ‘no’ response to the latter question classified 

persons as “Never a member of the Reserve or National

Guard.” These questions were asked only of Gulf War-era 

veterans. 

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both samp ling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 
estimates will differ from the "true" population values they 

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies

depending on the particular sample selected, and this

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 

1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of 

sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 

90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, the inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the 

inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct

information, and errors made in the collection or processing of 

the data. 

For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS 

and information on estimating standard errors, see the explanatory note for the household survey online at http://www.bls.

gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race,

and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2007 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over ....................................... 222,645 150,354 67.5 143,761 64.6 6,593 4.4 72,292

Veterans ............................................................. 22,633 12,502 55.2 12,029 53.2 473 3.8 10,130

Gulf War era, total ............................................ 4,330 3,818 88.2 3,651 84.3 167 4.4 511

Gulf War era I ................................................. 2,877 2,561 89.0 2,471 85.9 90 3.5 316

Gulf War era II ................................................ 1,453 1,257 86.5 1,180 81.2 77 6.1 196

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era .............. 12,262 4,941 40.3 4,772 38.9 168 3.4 7,321

Other service periods ....................................... 6,042 3,743 62.0 3,606 59.7 137 3.7 2,298

Nonveterans ....................................................... 200,013 137,851 68.9 131,731 65.9 6,120 4.4 62,161

Men

Total, 18 years and over ....................................... 107,515 80,783 75.1 77,164 71.8 3,619 4.5 26,732

Veterans ............................................................. 20,952 11,418 54.5 10,997 52.5 421 3.7 9,533

Gulf War era, total ............................................ 3,630 3,280 90.4 3,143 86.6 137 4.2 350

Gulf War era I ................................................. 2,415 2,199 91.0 2,123 87.9 76 3.5 217

Gulf War era II ................................................ 1,214 1,081 89.0 1,020 84.0 61 5.6 133

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era .............. 11,843 4,797 40.5 4,633 39.1 165 3.4 7,046

Other service periods ....................................... 5,479 3,341 61.0 3,222 58.8 120 3.6 2,138

Nonveterans ....................................................... 86,563 69,364 80.1 66,166 76.4 3,198 4.6 17,199

Women

Total, 18 years and over ....................................... 115,130 69,571 60.4 66,597 57.8 2,974 4.3 45,559

Veterans ............................................................. 1,681 1,084 64.5 1,032 61.4 52 4.8 597

Gulf War era, total ............................................ 700 539 77.0 508 72.6 30 5.6 161

Gulf War era I ................................................. 461 362 78.6 348 75.5 14 3.9 99

Gulf War era II ................................................ 239 176 73.9 160 67.2 16 9.1 62

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era .............. 419 143 34.2 140 33.4 4 2.6 275

Other service periods ....................................... 562 402 71.5 384 68.3 18 4.4 160

Nonveterans ....................................................... 113,449 68,487 60.4 65,565 57.8 2,922 4.3 44,962

White

Total, 18 years and over ....................................... 181,228 122,609 67.7 117,827 65.0 4,782 3.9 58,618

Veterans ............................................................. 19,428 10,465 53.9 10,104 52.0 361 3.5 8,963

Gulf War era, total ............................................ 3,317 2,947 88.9 2,835 85.5 112 3.8 370

Gulf War era I ................................................. 2,212 1,989 89.9 1,932 87.3 56 2.8 224

Gulf War era II ................................................ 1,105 958 86.8 903 81.8 55 5.8 146

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era .............. 11,023 4,449 40.4 4,301 39.0 148 3.3 6,574

Other service periods ....................................... 5,089 3,069 60.3 2,967 58.3 102 3.3 2,020

Nonveterans ....................................................... 161,800 112,144 69.3 107,724 66.6 4,421 3.9 49,655

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over ....................................... 26,026 17,230 66.2 15,882 61.0 1,349 7.8 8,796

Veterans ............................................................. 2,427 1,545 63.6 1,454 59.9 90 5.8 882

Gulf War era, total ............................................ 768 656 85.5 614 80.0 42 6.5 111

Gulf War era I ................................................. 510 439 86.0 411 80.6 27 6.2 71

Gulf War era II ................................................ 257 217 84.5 202 78.6 15 6.9 40

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era .............. 915 352 38.5 336 36.7 16 4.5 563

Other service periods ....................................... 744 536 72.1 504 67.7 32 6.0 208

Nonveterans ....................................................... 23,600 15,686 66.5 14,427 61.1 1,258 8.0 7,914

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race,

and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2007 annual averages—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

Asian

Total, 18 years and over ....................................... 10,262 6,983 68.0 6,762 65.9 220 3.2 3,279

Veterans ............................................................. 259 161 62.2 155 59.9 6 3.7 98

Gulf War era, total ............................................ 94 84 89.1 79 84.0 5 5.7 10

Gulf War era I ................................................. 59 51 87.6 50 86.1 1 1.7 7

Gulf War era II ................................................ 36 33 91.5 29 80.4 4 1 () 3

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era .............. 102 35 34.6 35 34.0 1 1.8 67

Other service periods ....................................... 63 42 66.9 41 66.0 1 1.3 21

Nonveterans ....................................................... 10,002 6,821 68.2 6,607 66.1 214 3.1 3,181

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over ....................................... 29,756 21,185 71.2 20,047 67.4 1,138 5.4 8,571

Veterans ............................................................. 1,151 778 67.6 749 65.0 29 3.8 373

Gulf War era, total ............................................ 376 334 88.8 319 84.9 15 4.4 42

Gulf War era I ................................................. 228 206 90.5 198 86.7 9 4.1 22

Gulf War era II ................................................ 148 127 86.3 121 82.0 6 4.9 20

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era .............. 467 223 47.8 217 46.5 6 2.9 244

Other service periods ....................................... 309 221 71.5 213 68.9 8 3.6 88

Nonveterans ....................................................... 28,605 20,407 71.3 19,299 67.5 1,108 5.4 8,198

1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than 35,000.

Small estimated levels are based on a small number of survey

responses and, thus, are subject to relatively large standard errors.

 NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed

Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf

War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and

women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service

periods include the periods between World War II and the Korean War,

between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the

Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. More detailed information appears in

the Technical Note of this release. Estimates for the above race groups

(white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals

because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity

is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, period of service, and sex,

2007 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Veteran status, age, period of

service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL

VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 22,633 12,502 55.2 12,029 53.2 473 3.8 10,130

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 329 264 80.3 233 70.9 31 11.7 65

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 1,561 1,404 89.9 1,329 85.2 75 5.3 157

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 2,722 2,475 90.9 2,391 87.8 83 3.4 247

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 3,618 3,047 84.2 2,947 81.4 100 3.3 571

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 5,833 3,825 65.6 3,693 63.3 132 3.5 2,008

 65 years and over ................................... 8,570 1,488 17.4 1,436 16.8 52 3.5 7,082

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 4,330 3,818 88.2 3,651 84.3 167 4.4 511

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 329 264 80.3 233 70.9 31 11.7 65

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 1,561 1,404 89.9 1,329 85.2 75 5.3 157

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 1,446 1,327 91.8 1,288 89.1 39 2.9 119

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 690 621 89.9 606 87.7 15 2.4 70

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 262 188 71.9 181 69.2 7 3.8 74

 65 years and over ................................... 43 15 34.2 14 33.5 – – 28

Gulf War era I

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 2,877 2,561 89.0 2,471 85.9 90 3.5 316

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 11 9 1 () 9 1 () – – 2

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 932 848 91.0 807 86.5 41 4.8 84

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 1,181 1,084 91.8 1,052 89.1 32 3.0 97

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 509 457 89.7 445 87.4 12 2.5 53

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 205 150 73.1 145 70.8 5 3.2 55

 65 years and over ................................... 38 13 35.1 13 34.3 – – 25

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 1,453 1,257 86.5 1,180 81.2 77 6.1 196

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 317 255 80.3 224 70.7 31 12.0 63

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 628 556 88.5 522 83.1 34 6.0 72

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 265 243 91.7 236 89.2 7 2.8 22

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 181 164 90.6 161 88.7 3 2.1 17

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 57 39 67.5 36 63.4 2 6.2 19

 65 years and over ................................... 5 1 1 () 1 1 () – – 3

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 2

Total, 45 years and over ............................. 12,262 4,941 40.3 4,772 38.9 168 3.4 7,321

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 851 666 78.3 646 75.9 20 3.0 185

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 5,116 3,359 65.7 3,241 63.4 118 3.5 1,757

 65 years and over ................................... 6,295 916 14.6 886 14.1 30 3.3 5,379

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over ............................. 6,042 3,743 62.0 3,606 59.7 137 3.7 2,298

 25 to 34 years ......................................... ––––––––

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 1,277 1,148 89.9 1,104 86.4 44 3.9 129

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 2,077 1,760 84.7 1,695 81.6 65 3.7 317

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 456 278 61.1 271 59.5 7 2.6 177

 65 years and over ................................... 2,232 557 25.0 536 24.0 21 3.7 1,675

NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 200,013 137,851 68.9 131,731 65.9 6,120 4.4 62,161

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 27,859 19,182 68.9 17,356 62.3 1,827 9.5 8,677

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 38,191 31,726 83.1 30,257 79.2 1,469 4.6 6,465

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 39,679 33,052 83.3 31,910 80.4 1,141 3.5 6,627

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 39,927 32,652 81.8 31,616 79.2 1,036 3.2 7,275

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 26,700 16,925 63.4 16,416 61.5 510 3.0 9,775

 65 years and over ................................... 27,657 4,315 15.6 4,178 15.1 137 3.2 23,342

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, period of service, and sex,

2007 annual averages—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Veteran status, age, period of

service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

MEN

VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 20,952 11,418 54.5 10,997 52.5 421 3.7 9,533

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 270 227 84.1 202 74.9 25 10.9 43

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 1,272 1,179 92.7 1,120 88.0 59 5.0 93

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 2,311 2,145 92.8 2,072 89.7 72 3.4 166

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 3,194 2,716 85.0 2,631 82.4 85 3.1 478

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 5,615 3,691 65.7 3,562 63.4 129 3.5 1,924

 65 years and over ................................... 8,290 1,461 17.6 1,410 17.0 51 3.5 6,829

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 3,630 3,280 90.4 3,143 86.6 137 4.2 350

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 270 227 84.1 202 74.9 25 10.9 43

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 1,272 1,179 92.7 1,120 88.0 59 5.0 93

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 1,215 1,145 94.2 1,110 91.3 35 3.0 71

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 596 543 91.2 532 89.3 12 2.1 52

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 237 172 72.6 166 69.8 7 3.9 65

 65 years and over ................................... 39 13 34.1 13 33.2 – – 26

Gulf War era I

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 2,415 2,199 91.0 2,123 87.9 76 3.5 217

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 9 8 1 () 8 1 () – – 1

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 760 712 93.6 680 89.4 32 4.5 48

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 997 939 94.2 910 91.2 30 3.2 58

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 427 389 91.1 379 88.8 10 2.5 38

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 187 138 74.1 134 71.8 4 3.1 48

 65 years and over ................................... 35 12 34.4 12 33.5 – – 23

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 1,214 1,081 89.0 1,020 84.0 61 5.6 133

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 261 219 83.8 194 74.4 25 11.2 42

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 512 467 91.2 440 85.9 27 5.8 45

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 218 206 94.2 201 91.9 5 2.5 13

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 169 155 91.6 153 90.4 2 1.3 14

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 50 34 67.2 32 62.5 2 1 ( ) 17

 65 years and over ................................... 4 1 1 () 1 1 () – – 3

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 2

Total, 45 years and over ............................. 11,843 4,797 40.5 4,633 39.1 165 3.4 7,046

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 790 623 78.9 604 76.5 20 3.1 166

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 4,968 3,271 65.8 3,156 63.5 115 3.5 1,697

 65 years and over ................................... 6,085 903 14.8 873 14.4 30 3.3 5,182

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over ............................. 5,479 3,341 61.0 3,222 58.8 120 3.6 2,138

 25 to 34 years ......................................... ––––––––

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 1,096 1,000 91.3 962 87.8 38 3.8 96

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 1,809 1,549 85.7 1,495 82.7 54 3.5 260

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 410 248 60.5 240 58.7 7 2.9 162

 65 years and over ................................... 2,165 545 25.2 524 24.2 21 3.8 1,620

NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 86,563 69,364 80.1 66,166 76.4 3,198 4.6 17,199

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 13,981 10,055 71.9 8,998 64.4 1,057 10.5 3,926

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 18,586 17,129 92.2 16,332 87.9 797 4.7 1,457

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 18,599 17,155 92.2 16,594 89.2 561 3.3 1,444

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 18,119 16,086 88.8 15,579 86.0 507 3.2 2,034

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 10,043 7,214 71.8 6,994 69.6 220 3.0 2,829

 65 years and over ................................... 7,234 1,726 23.9 1,670 23.1 56 3.3 5,508

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, period of service, and sex,

2007 annual averages—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Veteran status, age, period of

service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

WOMEN

VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 1,681 1,084 64.5 1,032 61.4 52 4.8 597

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 59 37 63.0 31 52.7 6 16.3 22

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 288 225 78.0 209 72.5 16 7.1 63

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 411 330 80.3 319 77.6 11 3.3 81

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 424 331 78.0 316 74.5 15 4.4 93

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 218 135 61.6 131 60.1 3 2.5 84

 65 years and over ................................... 280 27 9.5 26 9.2 1 1 ( ) 254

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 700 539 77.0 508 72.6 30 5.6 161

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 59 37 63.0 31 52.7 6 16.3 22

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 288 225 78.0 209 72.5 16 7.1 63

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 230 182 79.1 178 77.2 4 2.5 48

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 95 77 81.7 74 78.2 3 4.4 17

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 25 16 1 ( ) 15 1 () – – 9

 65 years and over ................................... 3 1 1 () 1 1 () – – 2

Gulf War era I

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 461 362 78.6 348 75.5 14 3.9 99

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 2 1 1 () 1 1 () – – 1

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 172 136 79.1 127 73.7 9 6.8 36

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 184 145 78.8 142 77.4 3 1.8 39

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 82 68 82.4 66 80.1 2 2.9 14

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 18 11 1 ( ) 11 1 () – – 7

 65 years and over ................................... 3 1 1 () 1 1 () – – 2

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 239 176 73.9 160 67.2 16 9.1 62

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 56 36 63.9 30 53.2 6 16.8 20

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 117 89 76.4 82 70.7 7 7.6 27

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 46 37 80.2 35 76.3 2 4.9 9

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 12 9 1 () 8 1 () 1 1 () 3

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 7 5 1 () 5 1 () – – 2

 65 years and over ................................... 1 –––––– 1

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 2

Total, 45 years and over ............................. 419 143 34.2 140 33.4 4 2.6 275

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 62 43 69.5 43 69.1 – – 19

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 147 88 59.5 85 57.7 3 3.1 60

 65 years and over ................................... 210 13 6.1 12 5.7 1 1 ( ) 197

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over ............................. 562 402 71.5 384 68.3 18 4.4 160

 25 to 34 years ......................................... ––––––––

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 181 148 81.8 142 78.2 7 4.4 33

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 268 211 78.6 200 74.5 11 5.2 57

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 46 31 66.5 31 66.2 – – 15

 65 years and over ................................... 67 13 18.6 12 18.5 – – 55

NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over ............................. 113,449 68,487 60.4 65,565 57.8 2,922 4.3 44,962

 18 to 24 years ......................................... 13,878 9,128 65.8 8,357 60.2 770 8.4 4,750

 25 to 34 years ......................................... 19,605 14,597 74.5 13,924 71.0 672 4.6 5,008

 35 to 44 years ......................................... 21,080 15,897 75.4 15,317 72.7 580 3.7 5,183

 45 to 54 years ......................................... 21,807 16,566 76.0 16,037 73.5 529 3.2 5,241

 55 to 64 years ......................................... 16,657 9,711 58.3 9,422 56.6 290 3.0 6,946

 65 years and over ................................... 20,423 2,589 12.7 2,508 12.3 81 3.1 17,834

1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than

35,000. Small estimated levels are based on a small number of

survey responses and, thus, are subject to relatively large standard

errors. 2 Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any

veterans of these eras under 45 years of age.

 NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S.

Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era,

the Gulf War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are

men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other

service periods include the periods between World War II and the

Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and

between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. More detailed

information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash

represents or rounds to zero.
Table 3. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service,

2007 annual averages

(Percent distribution)

Occupation Veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods

Nonveterans Total Gulf War

era I

Gulf War

era II

TOTAL

 Total, 18 years and over (thousands) ...................................................... 12,029 3,651 2,471 1,180 4,772 3,606 131,731

 Percent .................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Management, professional, and related occupations .................................. 35.5 35.0 36.3 32.3 37.5 33.3 36.0

 Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................. 17.3 15.1 15.9 13.5 19.7 16.4 14.8

 Professional and related occupations ........................................................ 18.2 19.9 20.4 18.8 17.8 16.9 21.2

 Service occupations .................................................................................... 12.0 14.7 13.9 16.2 10.0 11.9 16.4

 Sales and office occupations ....................................................................... 18.4 18.0 17.1 19.8 18.8 18.2 25.2

 Sales and related occupations .................................................................. 10.0 8.2 8.2 8.0 11.6 9.9 11.3

 Office and administrative support occupations .......................................... 8.3 9.8 8.9 11.7 7.2 8.3 13.9

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ................. 16.1 16.2 16.3 15.9 15.3 17.2 10.4

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................ .5 .3 .2 .4 .6 .4 .6

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... 8.0 7.7 7.4 8.1 7.9 8.6 6.5

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .................................... 7.7 8.2 8.7 7.4 6.8 8.2 3.3

 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..................... 18.0 16.2 16.3 15.9 18.4 19.4 12.0

 Production occupations ............................................................................. 7.6 7.1 7.3 6.6 7.5 8.3 6.4

 Transportation and material moving occupations ...................................... 10.4 9.1 9.0 9.2 10.9 11.2 5.6

MEN

 Total, 18 years and over (thousands) ...................................................... 10,997 3,143 2,123 1,020 4,633 3,222 66,166

 Percent .................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Management, professional, and related occupations .................................. 34.6 33.2 34.1 31.2 37.2 32.3 32.9

 Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................. 17.5 15.0 15.4 14.3 19.9 16.4 15.8

 Professional and related occupations ........................................................ 17.1 18.1 18.7 16.9 17.2 15.9 17.1

 Service occupations .................................................................................... 11.7 14.2 13.6 15.5 10.0 11.6 12.9

 Sales and office occupations ....................................................................... 17.1 16.2 15.4 17.7 18.4 16.3 16.8

 Sales and related occupations .................................................................. 10.1 8.3 8.5 7.8 11.6 9.8 10.8

 Office and administrative support occupations .......................................... 7.0 7.9 7.0 9.9 6.8 6.5 6.0

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ................. 17.5 18.5 18.7 18.0 15.7 19.1 19.7

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................ .5 .3 .2 .4 .6 .5 1.0

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... 8.7 8.8 8.6 9.3 8.1 9.5 12.5

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .................................... 8.3 9.4 9.9 8.3 7.0 9.1 6.2

 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..................... 19.1 18.0 18.1 17.6 18.8 20.8 17.7

 Production occupations ............................................................................. 8.0 7.8 8.1 7.2 7.6 8.7 8.5

 Transportation and material moving occupations ...................................... 11.2 10.1 10.0 10.3 11.2 12.1 9.2

WOMEN

 Total, 18 years and over (thousands) ...................................................... 1,032 508 348 160 140 384 65,565

 Percent .................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Management, professional, and related occupations .................................. 44.7 46.3 49.5 39.5 47.7 41.5 39.2

 Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................. 15.5 15.6 18.7 8.7 12.9 16.3 13.8

 Professional and related occupations ........................................................ 29.3 30.8 30.8 30.8 34.8 25.2 25.4

 Service occupations .................................................................................... 15.7 17.7 16.2 20.9 11.0 14.9 19.9

 Sales and office occupations ....................................................................... 31.5 29.2 27.6 32.8 32.3 34.3 33.7

 Sales and related occupations .................................................................. 9.3 7.7 6.9 9.4 10.3 11.0 11.9

 Office and administrative support occupations .......................................... 22.2 21.5 20.7 23.4 22.0 23.3 21.8

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ................. 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.0 3.4 1.6 1.0

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................ .1 .1 .2 – – – .3

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... .9 .5 .4 .6 2.8 .8 .4

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .................................... .9 1.1 .9 1.4 .7 .8 .3

 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..................... 6.1 5.1 5.2 4.9 5.6 7.7 6.2

 Production occupations ............................................................................. 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.2 4.7 4.2

 Transportation and material moving occupations ...................................... 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 3.0 2.0

 NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed

Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf

War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women

who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods

include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between

the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and

the Gulf War era. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note

of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service,

2007 annual averages

(Percent distribution)

 Industry and class of worker Veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods

Nonveterans Total Gulf War

era I

Gulf War

era II

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over (in thousands) ....................................................... 12,029 3,651 2,471 1,180 4,772 3,606 131,731

Percent ......................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries ............................................................... 1.9 .5 .4 .7 3.2 1.7 1.4

Wage and salary workers ....................................................................... .7 .4 .3 .5 1.0 .7 .8

Self-employed workers ........................................................................... 1.2 .2 .1 .2 2.2 1.0 .5

Nonagricultural industries ........................................................................... 98.1 99.5 99.6 99.3 96.8 98.3 98.6

Wage and salary workers ....................................................................... 89.9 95.7 94.9 97.4 85.4 89.8 92.1

Private industries ................................................................................ 70.7 72.9 73.0 72.7 68.3 71.6 77.9

Mining ............................................................................................. .7 .9 .7 1.3 .7 .6 .5

Construction ................................................................................... 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.0 6.4 7.5 6.5

Manufacturing ................................................................................. 13.9 12.8 13.6 11.1 14.1 14.6 10.7

Wholesale trade .............................................................................. 3.6 3.4 3.8 2.6 3.9 3.4 2.8

Retail trade ..................................................................................... 8.6 8.3 7.2 10.5 8.8 8.6 10.6

Transportation and utilities ............................................................. 7.0 6.9 7.6 5.4 6.7 7.6 3.7

Information ...................................................................................... 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.0 2.4 2.2

Financial activities .......................................................................... 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.5 5.2 5.2 6.7

Professional and business services ............................................... 9.3 11.0 10.2 12.6 8.3 9.0 9.1

Education and health services ........................................................ 6.8 7.7 8.0 6.9 6.0 6.8 13.5

Leisure and hospitality .................................................................... 3.2 4.0 3.6 4.7 2.8 2.9 7.5

Other services ................................................................................ 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.0 4.1

Government ........................................................................................ 19.2 22.8 21.9 24.7 17.1 18.1 14.2

Federal ........................................................................................... 7.6 10.3 9.3 12.5 6.0 7.0 1.9

State ............................................................................................... 4.6 5.2 5.1 5.5 4.3 4.2 4.4

Local ............................................................................................... 7.0 7.3 7.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.9

Self-employed workers ........................................................................... 8.1 3.7 4.6 1.8 11.3 8.4 6.5

Unpaid family workers ............................................................................ .1 – – – .1 .1 .1

MEN

Total, 18 years and over (in thousands) ....................................................... 10,997 3,143 2,123 1,020 4,633 3,222 66,166

Percent ......................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries ............................................................... 2.1 .6 .5 .9 3.3 1.8 2.0

Wage and salary workers ....................................................................... .8 .4 .3 .6 1.0 .8 1.3

Self-employed workers ........................................................................... 1.3 .2 .1 .3 2.2 1.0 .7

Nonagricultural industries ........................................................................... 97.9 99.4 99.5 99.1 96.7 98.2 98.0

Wage and salary workers ....................................................................... 89.4 95.7 94.9 97.3 85.2 89.3 90.5

Private industries ................................................................................ 71.1 74.0 74.3 73.4 68.3 72.1 79.9

Mining ............................................................................................. .8 1.0 .8 1.5 .8 .7 .8

Construction ................................................................................... 7.5 8.1 8.2 7.9 6.5 8.3 11.6

Manufacturing ................................................................................. 14.5 13.9 14.9 11.8 14.4 15.3 14.4

Wholesale trade .............................................................................. 3.8 3.8 4.2 2.9 4.0 3.5 3.8

Retail trade ..................................................................................... 8.6 8.3 7.4 10.4 8.8 8.5 10.1

Transportation and utilities ............................................................. 7.4 7.6 8.5 5.8 6.8 8.2 5.4

Information ...................................................................................... 2.4 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.0 2.4 2.5

Financial activities .......................................................................... 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.4 5.2 4.8 5.4

Professional and business services ............................................... 9.4 11.2 10.3 13.2 8.3 9.2 9.7

Education and health services ........................................................ 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.6

Leisure and hospitality .................................................................... 3.0 3.6 3.3 4.3 2.8 2.8 6.9

Other services ................................................................................ 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.7

Government ........................................................................................ 18.4 21.7 20.6 23.9 16.9 17.2 10.6

Federal ........................................................................................... 7.2 9.9 8.8 12.1 5.9 6.5 1.8

State ............................................................................................... 4.3 4.7 4.6 5.1 4.2 4.1 3.3

Local ............................................................................................... 6.8 7.1 7.3 6.6 6.7 6.6 5.5

Self-employed workers ........................................................................... 8.5 3.7 4.6 1.7 11.4 8.9 7.5

Unpaid family workers ............................................................................ – – – – .1 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service,

2007 annual averages—Continued

(Percent distribution)

 Industry and class of worker Veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods

Nonveterans Total Gulf War

era I

Gulf War

era II

WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over (in thousands) ....................................................... 1,032 508 348 160 140 384 65,565

Percent ......................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries ............................................................... .6 .2 .3 – .7 1.1 .7

Wage and salary workers ....................................................................... .2 .1 .2 – .2 .2 .4

Self-employed workers ........................................................................... .5 .1 .1 – .5 1.0 .3

Nonagricultural industries ........................................................................... 99.4 99.8 99.7 100.0 99.3 98.9 99.3

Wage and salary workers ....................................................................... 94.6 95.8 94.7 98.0 92.6 93.8 93.7

Private industries ................................................................................ 66.9 65.9 64.9 68.1 67.4 68.1 75.9

Mining ............................................................................................. – – – – – .1 .1

Construction ................................................................................... 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.3 2.5 1.0 1.4

Manufacturing ................................................................................. 6.6 5.9 5.7 6.3 4.7 8.3 7.1

Wholesale trade .............................................................................. 1.5 1.0 1.1 .7 1.3 2.3 1.8

Retail trade ..................................................................................... 9.0 8.0 6.5 11.1 10.3 9.8 11.0

Transportation and utilities ............................................................. 2.5 2.3 2.0 3.0 1.8 3.0 1.9

Information ...................................................................................... 2.4 2.4 1.8 3.7 2.9 2.1 1.9

Financial activities .......................................................................... 7.2 6.2 6.6 5.3 5.9 9.0 8.0

Professional and business services ............................................... 8.8 9.7 10.1 8.8 8.6 7.6 8.5

Education and health services ........................................................ 20.1 20.0 21.2 17.3 23.7 19.0 21.5

Leisure and hospitality .................................................................... 4.6 5.9 5.5 6.9 2.7 3.6 8.1

Other services ................................................................................ 2.5 2.6 2.1 3.7 2.7 2.2 4.5

Government ........................................................................................ 27.7 29.8 29.8 29.9 25.3 25.7 17.8

Federal ........................................................................................... 12.0 13.1 12.3 14.9 8.9 11.6 2.1

State ............................................................................................... 6.8 8.1 8.2 7.8 7.7 4.8 5.5

Local ............................................................................................... 8.9 8.6 9.3 7.2 8.7 9.3 10.3

Self-employed workers ........................................................................... 4.6 4.0 4.9 2.0 6.7 4.6 5.5

Unpaid family workers ............................................................................ .2 .1 .1 – – .5 .1

 NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed

Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf

War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women

who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods

include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between

the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and

the Gulf War era. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note

of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 5. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,

 period of service, and sex, August 2007, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Presence of disability, reported disability rating,

period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL

VETERANS

Total ...................................................................................... 22,620 12,424 54.9 12,014 53.1 410 3.3 10,196

With service-connected disability ............................................. 2,647 1,276 48.2 1,232 46.5 44 3.4 1,371

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 1,109 669 60.3 648 58.5 20 3.0 440

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 634 322 50.9 310 48.9 12 3.8 312

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 665 181 27.2 171 25.7 10 5.8 484

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 240 104 43.3 103 42.9 1 1.0 136

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 16,730 9,155 54.7 8,838 52.8 317 3.5 7,574

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 3,243 1,993 61.4 1,944 59.9 49 2.4 1,250

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 4,419 3,895 88.2 3,754 85.0 141 3.6 524

With service-connected disability ............................................. 711 581 81.8 569 80.1 12 2.0 130

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 306 280 91.6 273 89.2 7 2.6 26

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 225 187 82.9 184 81.9 2 1.2 38

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 136 75 55.2 73 53.5 2 3.2 61

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 44 40 1 ( ) 40 1 () – – 5

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 2,962 2,688 90.7 2,569 86.7 119 4.4 275

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 746 626 84.0 616 82.6 10 1.6 120

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 2,933 2,598 88.6 2,519 85.9 79 3.0 335

With service-connected disability ............................................. 451 353 78.3 343 76.1 10 2.8 98

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 195 176 90.0 169 86.3 7 4.1 20

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 153 123 80.3 122 79.7 1 .8 30

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 85 37 43.4 35 41.2 2 – 48

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 17 17 1 ( ) 17 1 () – – –

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,975 1,815 91.9 1,755 88.9 60 3.3 160

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 507 430 84.8 421 83.0 9 2.1 77

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 1,486 1,297 87.3 1,236 83.1 62 4.8 189

With service-connected disability ............................................. 260 228 87.8 227 87.1 2 .8 32

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 110 104 94.4 104 94.4 – – 6

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 72 64 1 ( ) 62 1 () 1 1 () 8

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 51 38 1 ( ) 38 1 () 1 1 ( ) 13

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 27 23 1 ( ) 23 1 () – 1 () 5

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 988 873 88.4 814 82.4 59 6.7 115

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 239 196 82.2 195 81.7 1 .6 42

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total ...................................................................................... 12,254 4,913 40.1 4,755 38.8 158 3.2 7,342

With service-connected disability ............................................. 1,529 458 30.0 434 28.4 25 5.4 1,071

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 592 228 38.5 217 36.7 11 4.7 364

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 333 99 29.9 94 28.3 5 5.1 233

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 441 77 17.4 69 15.6 8 10.2 364

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 163 54 33.4 53 32.7 1 1 ( ) 109

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 9,147 3,701 40.5 3,579 39.1 122 3.3 5,446

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 1,579 754 47.7 742 47.0 12 1.5 825

Other service periods

Total ...................................................................................... 5,947 3,616 60.8 3,505 58.9 111 3.1 2,331

With service-connected disability ............................................. 408 237 58.0 229 56.2 8 3.2 171

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 211 161 76.2 158 75.1 2 1.5 50

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 76 36 47.9 32 41.5 5 1 ( ) 40

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 88 29 33.4 29 33.2 – – 59

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 33 10 1 ( ) 10 1 ( ) – – 23

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 4,621 2,767 59.9 2,690 58.2 76 2.8 1,854

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 919 613 66.7 586 63.8 27 4.4 306

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,

 period of service, and sex, August 2007, not seasonally adjusted—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Presence of disability, reported disability rating,

period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

MEN

VETERANS

Total ...................................................................................... 20,939 11,304 54.0 10,963 52.4 341 3.0 9,635

With service-connected disability ............................................. 2,473 1,168 47.2 1,129 45.7 39 3.3 1,305

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 1,050 625 59.5 604 57.6 20 3.2 425

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 569 282 49.6 274 48.3 7 2.6 287

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 624 167 26.8 157 25.1 10 6.3 456

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 231 95 41.1 94 40.6 1 1.1 136

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 15,518 8,330 53.7 8,068 52.0 262 3.1 7,188

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 2,948 1,806 61.3 1,765 59.9 41 2.3 1,142

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 3,674 3,306 90.0 3,202 87.2 104 3.2 368

With service-connected disability ............................................. 608 514 84.5 502 82.5 12 2.3 94

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 277 261 94.2 253 91.6 7 2.7 16

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 194 160 82.4 158 81.2 2 1.4 34

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 102 63 61.3 60 58.9 2 1 ( ) 40

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 35 30 1 ( ) 30 1 () – – 5

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 2,463 2,285 92.8 2,202 89.4 83 3.6 178

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 603 508 84.2 498 82.7 9 1.9 95

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 2,441 2,197 90.0 2,135 87.4 63 2.8 244

With service-connected disability ............................................. 383 315 82.1 305 79.5 10 3.2 69

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 177 164 92.7 157 88.7 7 4.4 13

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 132 104 78.6 103 77.9 1 .9 28

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 59 32 1 ( ) 30 1 () 2 1 ( ) 27

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 15 15 1 ( ) 15 1 () – – –

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,648 1,533 93.0 1,489 90.4 44 2.9 115

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 410 350 85.3 341 83.1 9 2.5 60

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 1,233 1,109 89.9 1,067 86.6 42 3.7 124

With service-connected disability ............................................. 225 199 88.6 197 87.8 2 1.0 26

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 99 96 96.9 96 96.9 – – 3

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 62 56 1 ( ) 55 1 () 1 1 () 6

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 43 31 1 ( ) 31 1 () 1 1 ( ) 12

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 20 16 1 ( ) 16 1 () – – 5

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 816 752 92.2 713 87.4 39 5.2 64

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 193 158 82.0 158 81.7 1 .3 35

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total ...................................................................................... 11,830 4,762 40.3 4,611 39.0 152 3.2 7,068

With service-connected disability ............................................. 1,501 446 29.7 421 28.1 25 5.5 1,055

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 579 217 37.4 206 35.6 11 4.9 363

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 320 99 30.9 94 29.3 5 5.1 221

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 438 76 17.3 68 15.6 8 10.3 362

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 163 54 33.4 53 32.7 1 1 ( ) 109

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 8,831 3,582 40.6 3,466 39.3 116 3.2 5,249

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 1,499 734 49.0 723 48.2 12 1.6 765

Other service periods

Total ...................................................................................... 5,435 3,236 59.5 3,150 58.0 85 2.6 2,199

With service-connected disability ............................................. 364 209 57.3 206 56.6 3 1.3 156

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 194 147 76.0 145 74.8 2 1.6 46

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 55 23 1 ( ) 23 1 ( ) – – 32

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 83 28 34.2 28 33.9 – – 55

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 33 10 1 ( ) 10 1 ( ) – – 23

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 4,224 2,463 58.3 2,400 56.8 63 2.6 1,761

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 846 564 66.6 544 64.3 20 3.5 282

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,

 period of service, and sex, August 2007, not seasonally adjusted—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Presence of disability, reported disability rating,

period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

WOMEN

VETERANS

Total ...................................................................................... 1,681 1,120 66.6 1,052 62.6 68 6.1 561

With service-connected disability ............................................. 174 108 61.8 103 59.0 5 4.5 67

Less than 30 percent disability rating ................................... 59 44 1 ( ) 44 1 ( ) – – 15

30 to 50 percent disability rating ........................................... 65 41 1 ( ) 36 1 () 5 1 ( ) 25

60 percent or higher disability rating ..................................... 41 14 1 ( ) 14 1 ( ) – – 27

Disability rating not reported ................................................. 9 9 1 () 9 1 () – – –

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 1,212 825 68.1 770 63.6 55 6.7 386

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 295 187 63.3 179 60.6 8 4.3 108

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 745 589 79.1 552 74.2 37 6.2 156

With service-connected disability ............................................. 103 68 65.8 68 65.8 – – 35

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 499 403 80.7 367 73.5 36 8.9 96

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 143 118 82.9 118 82.5 1 .5 24

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 492 401 81.5 384 78.2 17 4.1 91

With service-connected disability ............................................. 67 38 1 ( ) 38 1 ( ) – – 29

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 327 282 86.3 266 81.2 17 5.9 45

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 97 81 82.8 81 82.8 – – 17

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 253 188 74.4 168 66.4 20 10.7 65

With service-connected disability ............................................. 36 29 1 ( ) 29 1 () – – 6

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 172 121 70.3 101 58.9 19 16.1 51

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 46 38 1 ( ) 37 1 () 1 1 () 8

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total ...................................................................................... 424 150 35.5 144 34.0 6 4.0 274

With service-connected disability ............................................. 28 12 1 ( ) 12 1 ( ) – – 16

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 316 119 37.6 113 35.6 6 5.1 197

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 80 19 24.4 19 24.4 – – 60

Other service periods

Total ...................................................................................... 512 380 74.2 355 69.3 25 6.7 132

With service-connected disability ............................................. 43 28 1 ( ) 23 1 () 5 1 ( ) 16

Without service-connected disability ........................................ 396 304 76.6 291 73.3 13 4.3 93

Presence of disability not reported ........................................... 73 49 1 ( ) 42 1 () 7 1 ( ) 24

1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than 75,000. Small

estimated levels are based on a small number of survey responses and, thus,

are subject to relatively large standard errors.

 NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces

during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era, and

all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served

in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the periods between

World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam

era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. A service-connected

disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military

service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100

percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of

Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More detailed information appears in the

Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero. 
Table 6. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,

and class of worker, August 2007, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of disability, and

period of service

Total

employed

(thousands)

Percent distribution by class of worker

Total

Agriculture

and related

industries

Nonagricultural industries

Total

Wage and salary workers Selfemployed

and

unpaid

family

workers

Private

sector

Government

Total Federal

State

and

local

Veterans, total 1 .......................................................... 12,014 100.0 1.9 98.1 70.3 19.8 7.8 12.0 7.9

With service-connected disability ........................... 1,232 100.0 1.9 98.1 58.2 33.1 16.3 16.9 6.8

Without service-connected disability ...................... 8,838 100.0 2.3 97.7 71.4 18.3 6.8 11.5 8.0

Gulf War era, total 1 ................................................ 3,754 100.0 .7 99.3 74.3 21.3 9.4 11.9 3.7

With service-connected disability ....................... 569 100.0 – 100.0 61.6 34.2 19.9 14.3 4.1

Without service-connected disability .................. 2,569 100.0 1.0 99.0 76.7 18.9 7.2 11.7 3.4

Gulf War era I 1 ................................................... 2,519 100.0 .5 99.5 74.4 20.1 8.9 11.2 5.0

With service-connected disability ................... 343 100.0 – 100.0 62.3 32.0 21.3 10.7 5.7

Without service-connected disability .............. 1,755 100.0 .7 99.3 76.8 17.9 6.2 11.7 4.6

Gulf War era II 1 .................................................. 1,236 100.0 1.0 99.0 74.2 23.8 10.6 13.2 1.0

With service-connected disability ................... 227 100.0 – 100.0 60.6 37.7 17.8 19.8 1.7

Without service-connected disability .............. 814 100.0 1.5 98.5 76.5 20.9 9.4 11.5 1.0

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 1 .................. 4,755 100.0 3.2 96.8 66.9 18.8 6.5 12.3 11.1

With service-connected disability ....................... 434 100.0 3.8 96.2 49.2 37.2 12.1 25.1 9.7

Without service-connected disability .................. 3,579 100.0 3.7 96.3 67.7 17.2 5.8 11.4 11.4

Other service periods 1 ........................................... 3,505 100.0 1.5 98.5 70.8 19.6 7.9 11.7 8.1

With service-connected disability ....................... 229 100.0 2.9 97.1 66.6 22.6 15.1 7.5 7.9

Without service-connected disability .................. 2,690 100.0 1.6 98.4 71.2 19.2 7.7 11.5 8.0

Nonveterans ............................................................... 131,850 100.0 1.3 98.7 78.2 13.9 1.9 11.9 6.7

1 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

 NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed

Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War

era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who

never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the

periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War

and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. A

service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or

made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can

range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published

in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More detailed information

appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to

zero.
Table 7. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2007, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

Gulf War era, total

Total ...................................................................................... 4,419 3,895 88.2 3,754 85.0 141 3.6 524

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............ 1,513 1,355 89.5 1,317 87.1 38 2.8 158

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ...................... 2,135 1,896 88.8 1,803 84.5 93 4.9 239

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported .............. 771 644 83.6 634 82.3 10 1.6 127

Gulf War era I

Total ...................................................................................... 2,933 2,598 88.6 2,519 85.9 79 3.0 335

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............ 944 844 89.3 819 86.7 24 2.9 101

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ...................... 1,458 1,311 89.9 1,265 86.8 46 3.5 147

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported .............. 530 443 83.6 435 82.0 9 2.0 87

Gulf War era II

Total ...................................................................................... 1,486 1,297 87.3 1,236 83.1 62 4.8 189

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............ 569 511 89.9 498 87.6 13 2.6 57

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ...................... 677 586 86.5 538 79.5 47 8.1 92

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported .............. 240 201 83.5 199 83.0 1 .6 40

 NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era, and all

other service periods. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this

release.