Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-11-0271 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, March 4, 2011 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – FEBRUARY 2011 

Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 192,000 in February, and the unemployment rate was 

little changed at 8.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in 

manufacturing, construction, professional and business services, health care, and transportation and 

warehousing. 

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

Feb-09 M ay-09 Aug-09 No v-09 Feb-10 M ay-10 Aug-10 No v-10 Feb-11

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, February 2009 –

February 2011

Percent

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Feb-09 M ay-09 Aug-09 No v-09 Feb-10 M ay-10 Aug-10 No v-10 Feb-11

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

February 2009 – February 2011

Household Survey Data 

The number of unemployed persons (13.7 million) and the unemployment rate (8.9 percent) changed 

little in February. The labor force was about unchanged over the month. The jobless rate was down by 

0.9 percentage point since November 2010. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (8.7 percent), adult women 

(8.0 percent), teenagers (23.9 percent), whites (8.0 percent), blacks (15.3 percent), and Hispanics (11.6 

percent) showed little or no change in February. The jobless rate for Asians was 6.8 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 
- 2 - 

The number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, at 8.3 million, continued to 

trend down in February and has fallen by 1.2 million over the past 12 months. The number of long-term 

unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was 6.0 million and accounted for 43.9 percent of the 

unemployed. (See tables A-11 and A-12.) 

Both the civilian labor force participation rate, at 64.2 percent, and the employment-population 

ratio, at 58.4 percent, were unchanged in February. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 8.3 million in February. These individuals were 

working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time 

job. (See table A-8.) 

In February, 2.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, up from 2.5 million a 

year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They 

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 1.0 million discouraged workers in February, a decrease of 

184,000 from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons 

not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.7 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in February had not searched for work in the 4 

weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See 

table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 192,000 in February. Job gains occurred in manufacturing, 

construction, and several service-providing industries. Since a recent low in February 2010, total payroll 

employment has grown by 1.3 million, or an average of 106,000 per month. (See table B-1.) 

Manufacturing employment rose by 33,000 in February. Almost all of the gain occurred in durable 

goods industries, including machinery (+9,000) and fabricated metal products (+7,000). Manufacturing 

has added 195,000 jobs since its most recent trough in December 2009; durable goods manufacturing 

added 233,000 jobs during this period. 

Construction employment grew by 33,000 in February, following a decline of 22,000 in January that 

may have reflected severe winter weather. Within construction, specialty trade contractors accounted for 

the bulk of the February job gain (+28,000). 

Employment in the service-providing sector continued to expand in February, led by a gain of 47,000 in 

professional and business services. Employment services added 29,000 jobs, and employment rose by 

7,000 in management and technical consulting. Within employment services, the number of jobs in 

temporary help services edged up over the month. 

Health care employment continued to increase in February (+34,000). Over the prior 12 months, health 

care had added 260,000 jobs, or an average of 22,000 jobs per month. 
- 3 - 

Transportation and warehousing employment increased by 22,000 in February, with half of that gain 

in truck transportation (+11,000). 

Employment in both state and local government edged down over the month. Local government has 

lost 377,000 jobs since its peak in September 2008. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.2 hours in 

February. The manufacturing workweek for all employees rose by 0.1 hour to 40.5 hours, while factory 

overtime rose by 0.2 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory

employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 33.5 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 1 

cent to $22.87. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 1.7 percent. In 

February, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees were 

unchanged at $19.33. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised from +121,000 to +152,000, 

and the change for January was revised from +36,000 to +63,000. 

The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 1, 2011, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Change from:

Jan. 2011-

Feb. 2011

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 236,998 238,889 238,704 238,851 147

Civilian labor force............................................................ 153,558 153,690 153,186 153,246 60

Participation rate........................................................... 64.8 64.3 64.2 64.2 0.0

Employed.................................................................... 138,698 139,206 139,323 139,573 250

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.5 58.3 58.4 58.4 0.0

Unemployed................................................................. 14,860 14,485 13,863 13,673 -190

Unemployment rate..................................................... 9.7 9.4 9.0 8.9 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................. 83,440 85,199 85,518 85,605 87

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 9.7 9.4 9.0 8.9 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 10.0 9.4 8.8 8.7 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 8.0 8.1 7.9 8.0 0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 25.0 25.4 25.7 23.9 -1.8

White........................................................................... 8.8 8.5 8.0 8.0 0.0

Black or African American................................................... 15.8 15.8 15.7 15.3 -0.4

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 8.4 7.2 6.9 6.8 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 12.3 13.0 11.9 11.6 -0.3

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 8.3 8.1 7.6 7.6 0.0

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 15.5 15.3 14.2 13.9 -0.3

High school graduates, no college......................................... 10.5 9.8 9.4 9.5 0.1

Some college or associate degree......................................... 7.9 8.1 8.0 7.8 -0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.9 4.8 4.2 4.3 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 9,493 8,923 8,519 8,334 -185

Job leavers....................................................................... 878 914 910 898 -12

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,444 3,408 3,357 3,352 -5

New entrants..................................................................... 1,220 1,311 1,351 1,337 -14

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,729 2,725 2,678 2,390 -288

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 3,380 3,184 3,016 3,094 78

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 2,703 2,205 2,285 2,179 -106

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 6,131 6,441 6,210 5,993 -217

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 8,793 8,931 8,407 8,340 -67

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 6,188 6,011 5,771 5,630 -141

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,174 2,568 2,510 2,415 -95

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 18,326 18,184 17,929 18,220 291

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,527 2,609 2,800 2,730 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 1,204 1,318 993 1,020 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -35 152 63 192

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -21 167 68 222

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -50 4 35 70

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -1 4 4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -52 -6 -22 33

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 11 53 33

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 13 61 30

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10.4 -2.1 20.0 1.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -2 -8 3

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 163 33 152

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7.8 3.8 9.5 11.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 6.2 30.6 -8.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.8 50.1 -44.4 22.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 -5 -9 0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 1 -12 3

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 58 35 47

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.7 43.1 -4.9 15.5

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 28 24 40

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 25.3 11.8 36.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 17 -3 21

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 2 4 14

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -14 -15 -5 -30

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 48.2 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 34.2 34.2 34.2

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22.48 $ 22.77 $ 22.86 $ 22.87

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $764.32 $778.73 $781.81 $782.15

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.0 92.6 92.6 92.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.5 100.5 101.0 101.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 33.5 33.4 33.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 18.93 $ 19.23 $ 19.33 $ 19.33

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $628.48 $644.21 $645.62 $647.56

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.6 99.6 99.4 99.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.4 128.0 128.3 129.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 58.6 60.1 68.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.1 59.3 73.5 64.2

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller 

margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of 

its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically 

significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the 

household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than 

the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural 

workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household 

survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it 

is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not 

collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify 

the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. 

The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information 

on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled 

to achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the 

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 
 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth 

of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People 

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or 

question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and 

other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment 

Situation news release. 

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for 

holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but 

not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off 

work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as 

those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to 

be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey have 

a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the 

effect of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the 

month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed 

whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of 

persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work the entire 

week, due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most 

requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) 

and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment 

that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD 

DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. The sample includes about 

140,000 businesses and government agencies representing 

approximately 410,000 worksites and is drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 8.9 million unemployment insurance 

tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between 

surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force 

as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Additional information about the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and 

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between 

the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from 

the surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, the self-employed, unpaid family 

workers, and private household workers among the 

employed. These groups are excluded from the 

establishment survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 

number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely 

to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative 

to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of 

economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a 

more useful tool with which to analyze changes in monthto-month economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted 

component series. For example, total unemployment is 

derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment 

estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the 

total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more 

detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the "true" population values they represent. The 

exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured 

by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). 

These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by 

these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within 

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than 

zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, 

the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then 

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval 

would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least 

a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, 

risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 

percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly 

change in unemployment as measured by the household 

survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in 

the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,998 238,704 238,851 236,998 238,530 238,715 238,889 238,704 238,851

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,194 152,536 152,635 153,558 153,960 153,950 153,690 153,186 153,246

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 63.9 63.9 64.8 64.5 64.5 64.3 64.2 64.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,203 137,599 138,093 138,698 139,084 138,909 139,206 139,323 139,573

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 57.6 57.8 58.5 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.4 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,991 14,937 14,542 14,860 14,876 15,041 14,485 13,863 13,673

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 9.8 9.5 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,804 86,168 86,216 83,440 84,570 84,765 85,199 85,518 85,605

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,086 6,643 6,405 6,111 6,279 6,248 6,471 6,410 6,410

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,735 115,828 115,907 114,735 115,542 115,640 115,731 115,828 115,907

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,488 81,103 81,360 81,580 82,000 81,986 81,845 81,544 81,720

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.0 70.0 70.2 71.1 71.0 70.9 70.7 70.4 70.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,566 72,307 72,796 72,884 73,470 73,337 73,600 73,800 74,122

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.4 62.8 63.5 63.6 63.4 63.6 63.7 63.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,923 8,796 8,564 8,696 8,530 8,649 8,245 7,744 7,598

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 10.8 10.5 10.7 10.4 10.5 10.1 9.5 9.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,247 34,725 34,548 33,155 33,542 33,653 33,886 34,284 34,187

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,100 107,203 107,292 106,100 107,007 107,114 107,216 107,203 107,292

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,678 78,346 78,672 78,568 79,016 78,980 78,906 78,506 78,795

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.2 73.1 73.3 74.1 73.8 73.7 73.6 73.2 73.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,606 70,360 70,842 70,707 71,365 71,130 71,480 71,589 71,954

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 65.6 66.0 66.6 66.7 66.4 66.7 66.8 67.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,072 7,986 7,829 7,861 7,651 7,849 7,426 6,917 6,841

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 10.2 10.0 10.0 9.7 9.9 9.4 8.8 8.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,422 28,857 28,620 27,531 27,991 28,134 28,310 28,698 28,497

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,263 122,876 122,944 122,263 122,988 123,075 123,158 122,876 122,944

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,706 71,433 71,275 71,978 71,960 71,964 71,845 71,642 71,526

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 58.1 58.0 58.9 58.5 58.5 58.3 58.3 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,638 65,292 65,297 65,813 65,613 65,572 65,605 65,523 65,451

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 53.1 53.1 53.8 53.3 53.3 53.3 53.3 53.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,068 6,141 5,978 6,164 6,346 6,392 6,240 6,119 6,075

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 8.6 8.4 8.6 8.8 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,557 51,443 51,668 50,285 51,028 51,112 51,313 51,234 51,418

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,886 114,637 114,714 113,886 114,704 114,801 114,894 114,637 114,714

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,940 68,842 68,728 69,026 69,018 69,151 69,027 68,839 68,802

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 60.1 59.9 60.6 60.2 60.2 60.1 60.0 60.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,459 63,300 63,277 63,516 63,400 63,385 63,428 63,392 63,319

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 55.2 55.2 55.8 55.3 55.2 55.2 55.3 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,481 5,542 5,451 5,509 5,618 5,766 5,599 5,447 5,483

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 8.1 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.1 7.9 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,947 45,795 45,986 44,861 45,687 45,651 45,867 45,798 45,912

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,012 16,863 16,845 17,012 16,819 16,800 16,780 16,863 16,845

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,577 5,348 5,235 5,964 5,927 5,820 5,757 5,841 5,649

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.8 31.7 31.1 35.1 35.2 34.6 34.3 34.6 33.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,139 3,939 3,974 4,475 4,319 4,393 4,298 4,341 4,300

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 23.4 23.6 26.3 25.7 26.2 25.6 25.7 25.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,438 1,409 1,262 1,490 1,607 1,426 1,460 1,500 1,350

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 26.3 24.1 25.0 27.1 24.5 25.4 25.7 23.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,436 11,516 11,610 11,048 10,893 10,980 11,022 11,022 11,196

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,552 192,516 192,601 191,552 192,527 192,641 192,749 192,516 192,601

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,790 123,696 123,848 124,957 124,914 124,824 124,700 124,192 124,237

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 64.3 64.3 65.2 64.9 64.8 64.7 64.5 64.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,712 112,754 113,066 113,958 113,975 113,728 114,079 114,197 114,330

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 58.6 58.7 59.5 59.2 59.0 59.2 59.3 59.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,079 10,942 10,782 10,999 10,940 11,096 10,620 9,995 9,907

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.5 8.0 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,762 68,820 68,752 66,595 67,612 67,817 68,049 68,325 68,364

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,128 64,551 64,866 64,994 65,215 65,088 65,041 64,673 64,919

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 73.5 73.8 74.6 74.3 74.1 74.0 73.6 73.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,183 58,584 58,939 59,104 59,425 59,137 59,484 59,586 59,860

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 66.7 67.1 67.8 67.7 67.3 67.7 67.8 68.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,945 5,968 5,926 5,890 5,790 5,951 5,557 5,086 5,059

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 9.2 9.1 9.1 8.9 9.1 8.5 7.9 7.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,087 54,728 54,685 55,054 54,846 54,953 54,914 54,686 54,677

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 59.6 59.6 60.2 59.7 59.7 59.7 59.6 59.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,032 50,791 50,772 51,053 50,835 50,817 50,920 50,878 50,816

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 55.3 55.3 55.9 55.3 55.2 55.3 55.4 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,055 3,937 3,913 4,001 4,012 4,136 3,994 3,808 3,860

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.0 7.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,575 4,417 4,297 4,909 4,853 4,783 4,746 4,833 4,641

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 34.3 33.4 37.8 37.8 37.3 37.1 37.5 36.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,497 3,380 3,354 3,802 3,715 3,775 3,676 3,732 3,654

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 26.2 26.1 29.3 29.0 29.5 28.7 29.0 28.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,078 1,037 943 1,108 1,138 1,008 1,070 1,100 987

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.6 23.5 21.9 22.6 23.4 21.1 22.5 22.8 21.3

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,559 28,947 28,976 28,559 28,831 28,865 28,896 28,947 28,976

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,599 17,757 17,680 17,763 17,946 18,020 17,958 17,857 17,865

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 61.3 61.0 62.2 62.2 62.4 62.1 61.7 61.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,752 14,819 14,922 14,952 15,127 15,142 15,119 15,048 15,124

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.7 51.2 51.5 52.4 52.5 52.5 52.3 52.0 52.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,847 2,938 2,758 2,811 2,818 2,878 2,839 2,809 2,741

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 16.5 15.6 15.8 15.7 16.0 15.8 15.7 15.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,960 11,190 11,296 10,796 10,885 10,845 10,939 11,090 11,112

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,971 8,070 8,014 7,994 8,072 8,099 8,106 8,054 8,053

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 68.5 67.9 69.3 69.0 69.1 69.1 68.3 68.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,448 6,589 6,608 6,574 6,763 6,753 6,764 6,723 6,745

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 55.9 56.0 57.0 57.8 57.6 57.6 57.1 57.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,523 1,481 1,406 1,420 1,309 1,346 1,341 1,331 1,309

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 18.4 17.5 17.8 16.2 16.6 16.5 16.5 16.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,995 9,086 9,095 9,076 9,173 9,228 9,204 9,146 9,185

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.5 62.5 63.3 63.3 63.6 63.3 62.9 63.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,934 7,911 7,956 7,975 7,998 8,017 7,993 7,966 7,993

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 54.4 54.6 55.6 55.2 55.2 55.0 54.8 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,062 1,175 1,140 1,101 1,176 1,211 1,211 1,179 1,192

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 12.9 12.5 12.1 12.8 13.1 13.2 12.9 13.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 601 571 693 700 693 648 658 627

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.6 22.9 21.8 25.9 26.5 26.3 24.6 25.1 23.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 319 358 403 366 372 361 359 386

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 12.2 13.7 15.0 13.9 14.1 13.7 13.7 14.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 282 212 290 334 321 287 299 241

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 46.9 37.2 41.8 47.7 46.3 44.2 45.4 38.4

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,020 11,351 11,345 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,074 7,354 7,351 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 64.8 64.8 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,483 6,846 6,850 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 60.3 60.4 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592 509 502 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 6.9 6.8 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,946 3,997 3,994 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 33,335 34,001 34,079 33,335 34,014 34,102 34,188 34,001 34,079

Civilian labor force................................. 22,582 22,714 22,373 22,639 22,814 22,915 22,868 22,823 22,519

Participation rate................................. 67.7 66.8 65.7 67.9 67.1 67.2 66.9 67.1 66.1

Employed......................................... 19,554 19,711 19,580 19,849 19,936 19,899 19,906 20,099 19,912

Employment-population ratio................ 58.7 58.0 57.5 59.5 58.6 58.4 58.2 59.1 58.4

Unemployed...................................... 3,027 3,003 2,793 2,791 2,878 3,016 2,962 2,724 2,606

Unemployment rate........................... 13.4 13.2 12.5 12.3 12.6 13.2 13.0 11.9 11.6

Not in labor force................................... 10,753 11,287 11,706 10,695 11,201 11,188 11,320 11,178 11,561

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 12,863 12,865 12,844 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 83.0 81.8 81.5 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 11,128 11,196 11,282 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 71.8 71.2 71.6 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,735 1,669 1,562 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 13.5 13.0 12.2 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 8,743 8,892 8,645 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 59.9 59.7 57.9 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 7,759 7,873 7,685 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 53.1 52.9 51.5 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 984 1,019 960 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 11.3 11.5 11.1 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 976 957 884 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 30.2 28.3 26.1 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 667 642 613 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 20.7 19.0 18.1 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 308 315 271 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 31.6 32.9 30.6 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 11,415 11,437 11,045 11,561 11,800 11,803 11,758 11,383 11,317

Participation rate.................................... 45.8 45.3 44.4 46.4 47.0 46.6 46.0 45.1 45.5

Employed............................................ 9,369 9,545 9,293 9,772 9,995 9,955 9,963 9,770 9,749

Employment-population ratio................... 37.6 37.8 37.4 39.2 39.8 39.3 39.0 38.7 39.2

Unemployed......................................... 2,046 1,892 1,752 1,789 1,805 1,848 1,795 1,613 1,568

Unemployment rate.............................. 17.9 16.5 15.9 15.5 15.3 15.7 15.3 14.2 13.9

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 39,089 37,747 37,806 38,639 38,051 37,824 38,203 37,513 37,525

Participation rate.................................... 62.4 60.7 60.7 61.7 61.6 61.1 60.9 60.3 60.3

Employed............................................ 34,425 33,724 33,750 34,567 34,225 34,035 34,465 33,972 33,965

Employment-population ratio................... 54.9 54.2 54.2 55.2 55.4 55.0 54.9 54.6 54.6

Unemployed......................................... 4,664 4,023 4,056 4,072 3,826 3,789 3,738 3,541 3,560

Unemployment rate.............................. 11.9 10.7 10.7 10.5 10.1 10.0 9.8 9.4 9.5

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 36,793 36,701 36,928 36,594 37,120 37,037 36,809 36,841 36,784

Participation rate.................................... 70.6 70.0 69.7 70.3 70.0 69.8 70.2 70.2 69.5

Employed............................................ 33,685 33,591 33,916 33,706 33,972 33,832 33,821 33,878 33,919

Employment-population ratio................... 64.7 64.0 64.0 64.7 64.0 63.8 64.5 64.6 64.1

Unemployed......................................... 3,108 3,109 3,012 2,889 3,148 3,205 2,988 2,963 2,865

Unemployment rate.............................. 8.4 8.5 8.2 7.9 8.5 8.7 8.1 8.0 7.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 45,598 46,288 46,520 45,677 46,132 46,322 46,312 46,263 46,591

Participation rate.................................... 76.8 76.4 76.8 76.9 76.1 76.6 76.9 76.4 76.9

Employed............................................ 43,313 44,226 44,495 43,436 43,971 43,952 44,095 44,322 44,588

Employment-population ratio................... 73.0 73.0 73.4 73.2 72.6 72.7 73.2 73.2 73.6

Unemployed......................................... 2,285 2,062 2,025 2,241 2,161 2,370 2,217 1,941 2,003

Unemployment rate.............................. 5.0 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.3

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,152 21,763 20,376 19,967 1,776 1,796

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,875 11,427 10,807 10,250 1,068 1,177

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.6 52.5 53.0 51.3 60.1 65.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,751 10,376 9,767 9,301 983 1,075

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 47.7 47.9 46.6 55.4 59.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,124 1,051 1,040 949 85 102

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 9.2 9.6 9.3 7.9 8.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,277 10,336 9,569 9,717 708 619

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,078 2,337 1,747 1,920 331 417

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,696 1,906 1,464 1,607 232 300

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.6 81.6 83.8 83.7 70.1 71.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,484 1,667 1,283 1,394 201 274

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 71.3 73.4 72.6 60.7 65.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 239 181 213 31 26

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 12.5 12.4 13.3 13.4 8.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 431 283 313 99 117

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,927 2,939 2,507 2,485 420 454

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,548 2,477 2,226 2,126 322 351

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.0 84.3 88.8 85.6 76.6 77.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,321 2,280 2,014 1,954 307 326

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.3 77.6 80.4 78.6 73.1 71.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 197 212 172 15 25

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 8.0 9.5 8.1 4.5 7.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 462 281 359 98 103

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,153 10,626 10,782 10,295 372 331

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,118 3,701 4,001 3,578 117 123

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 34.8 37.1 34.8 31.4 37.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,785 3,385 3,673 3,273 112 112

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 31.9 34.1 31.8 30.1 33.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 316 327 305 5 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.5 8.2 8.5 4.3 8.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,036 6,925 6,781 6,717 255 209

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,994 5,861 5,341 5,267 653 594

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,514 3,344 3,116 2,940 397 404

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 57.0 58.3 55.8 60.9 68.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,161 3,044 2,797 2,680 364 364

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.7 51.9 52.4 50.9 55.7 61.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 299 319 259 34 40

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 9.0 10.3 8.8 8.5 9.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,480 2,517 2,225 2,328 256 190

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205,915 208,204 89,856 91,410 116,059 116,794

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,527 139,606 69,824 70,315 69,703 69,292

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 67.1 77.7 76.9 60.1 59.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,152 126,562 61,215 62,932 63,936 63,630

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.8 60.8 68.1 68.8 55.1 54.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,375 13,044 8,609 7,382 5,766 5,662

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 9.3 12.3 10.5 8.3 8.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,389 68,598 20,032 21,096 46,357 47,502

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 26,899 27,179 210,100 211,672

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,887 5,592 147,308 147,043

Participation rate...................................................................... 21.9 20.6 70.1 69.5

Employed.............................................................................. 5,076 4,730 132,127 133,363

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 18.9 17.4 62.9 63.0

Unemployed........................................................................... 811 862 15,181 13,680

Unemployment rate................................................................ 13.8 15.4 10.3 9.3

Not in labor force........................................................................ 21,012 21,587 62,792 64,629

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,741 2,510 75,106 74,988

Participation rate...................................................................... 37.6 34.2 82.7 82.2

Employed.............................................................................. 2,294 2,085 65,913 67,091

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 31.5 28.4 72.6 73.5

Unemployed........................................................................... 447 425 9,193 7,897

Unemployment rate................................................................ 16.3 16.9 12.2 10.5

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,545 4,839 15,706 16,280

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,329 2,203 66,343 65,944

Participation rate...................................................................... 30.9 29.3 71.4 70.7

Employed.............................................................................. 2,022 1,834 60,809 60,526

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 26.9 24.3 65.4 64.9

Unemployed........................................................................... 306 370 5,534 5,418

Unemployment rate................................................................ 13.2 16.8 8.3 8.2

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,199 5,328 26,586 27,357

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 817 879 5,859 6,110

Participation rate...................................................................... 6.8 7.1 22.2 22.5

Employed.............................................................................. 760 811 5,405 5,746

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.3 6.6 20.5 21.2

Unemployed........................................................................... 58 67 454 365

Unemployment rate................................................................ 7.1 7.7 7.7 6.0

Not in labor force........................................................................ 11,267 11,421 20,500 20,992

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 35,315 36,026 17,683 17,781 17,633 18,245

Civilian labor force................................................... 23,854 23,958 14,098 14,061 9,756 9,897

Participation rate................................................... 67.5 66.5 79.7 79.1 55.3 54.2

Employed........................................................... 21,102 21,614 12,365 12,673 8,737 8,942

Employment-population ratio.................................. 59.8 60.0 69.9 71.3 49.5 49.0

Unemployed........................................................ 2,752 2,344 1,734 1,388 1,019 956

Unemployment rate............................................. 11.5 9.8 12.3 9.9 10.4 9.7

Not in labor force..................................................... 11,461 12,068 3,584 3,720 7,877 8,348

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 201,683 202,825 97,053 98,126 104,630 104,698

Civilian labor force................................................... 129,341 128,676 67,390 67,299 61,950 61,378

Participation rate................................................... 64.1 63.4 69.4 68.6 59.2 58.6

Employed........................................................... 116,102 116,478 59,201 60,123 56,901 56,355

Employment-population ratio.................................. 57.6 57.4 61.0 61.3 54.4 53.8

Unemployed........................................................ 13,239 12,198 8,189 7,176 5,050 5,023

Unemployment rate............................................. 10.2 9.5 12.2 10.7 8.2 8.2

Not in labor force..................................................... 72,342 74,148 29,663 30,828 42,680 43,321

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 2,132 2,100 2,097 2,311 2,348 2,185 2,176 2,256 2,255

Wage and salary workers1....................... 1,261 1,263 1,233 1,360 1,446 1,385 1,384 1,390 1,340

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 849 819 849 909 823 771 775 861 889

Unpaid family workers............................. 22 18 15 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 135,071 135,499 135,996 136,527 136,797 136,752 137,001 137,088 137,443

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 126,091 126,882 127,336 127,449 127,852 127,728 128,043 128,151 128,664

Government...................................... 21,297 20,626 20,985 21,281 20,717 20,600 20,759 20,740 20,933

Private industries................................ 104,794 106,255 106,351 106,093 107,100 107,146 107,303 107,409 107,681

Private households............................ 666 610 688 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 104,127 105,645 105,663 105,387 106,470 106,516 106,665 106,774 106,965

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 8,900 8,526 8,573 8,995 8,862 8,832 8,783 8,864 8,688

Unpaid family workers............................. 80 91 87 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3................... 9,282 9,187 8,749 8,793 9,100 8,960 8,931 8,407 8,340

Slack work or business conditions............... 6,708 6,513 6,051 6,188 6,174 6,025 6,011 5,771 5,630

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,252 2,373 2,402 2,174 2,564 2,557 2,568 2,510 2,415

Part time for noneconomic reasons4.............. 18,718 18,048 18,669 18,326 18,230 18,326 18,184 17,929 18,220

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 9,108 9,027 8,633 8,659 8,991 8,822 8,789 8,242 8,248

Slack work or business conditions............... 6,584 6,415 5,974 6,085 6,108 5,941 5,911 5,661 5,558

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,237 2,358 2,388 2,169 2,534 2,555 2,542 2,513 2,383

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,387 17,675 18,321 17,987 17,848 17,929 17,829 17,552 17,835

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,203 137,599 138,093 138,698 139,084 138,909 139,206 139,323 139,573

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,139 3,939 3,974 4,475 4,319 4,393 4,298 4,341 4,300

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,301 1,225 1,155 1,453 1,434 1,440 1,434 1,406 1,311

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,838 2,713 2,819 3,039 2,894 2,961 2,869 2,939 3,000

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,064 133,660 134,119 134,223 134,764 134,515 134,908 134,982 135,274

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,273 12,573 12,664 12,575 12,774 12,774 12,713 12,941 12,954

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,792 121,087 121,455 121,557 121,910 121,744 122,196 122,026 122,245

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,348 92,980 93,017 94,047 94,011 93,723 93,962 93,758 93,764

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,831 30,065 30,110 30,138 30,323 30,214 30,345 30,438 30,412

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,375 30,107 30,156 30,607 30,650 30,527 30,447 30,373 30,409

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,142 32,807 32,751 33,302 33,037 32,982 33,170 32,946 32,943

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,444 28,106 28,437 27,510 27,899 28,021 28,234 28,268 28,481

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,566 72,307 72,796 72,884 73,470 73,337 73,600 73,800 74,122

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,960 1,947 1,953 2,177 2,106 2,206 2,121 2,211 2,168

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 608 562 686 660 688 695 717 668

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,377 1,339 1,391 1,489 1,443 1,524 1,420 1,471 1,495

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,606 70,360 70,842 70,707 71,365 71,130 71,480 71,589 71,954

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,116 6,484 6,513 6,314 6,542 6,502 6,568 6,784 6,715

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,490 63,876 64,329 64,361 64,803 64,617 64,904 64,789 65,179

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,198 49,251 49,491 49,947 50,209 49,970 50,117 50,005 50,247

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,992 16,254 16,347 16,298 16,434 16,331 16,428 16,542 16,627

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,218 16,148 16,240 16,437 16,573 16,543 16,522 16,394 16,477

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,988 16,849 16,904 17,213 17,202 17,096 17,168 17,070 17,143

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,292 14,625 14,839 14,414 14,594 14,648 14,787 14,784 14,932

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,638 65,292 65,297 65,813 65,613 65,572 65,605 65,523 65,451

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,179 1,992 2,021 2,297 2,214 2,187 2,177 2,130 2,132

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 617 593 767 774 752 739 689 644

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,461 1,374 1,428 1,550 1,452 1,437 1,449 1,468 1,506

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,459 63,300 63,277 63,516 63,400 63,385 63,428 63,392 63,319

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,157 6,090 6,151 6,260 6,232 6,272 6,145 6,157 6,239

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,302 57,210 57,125 57,196 57,106 57,127 57,292 57,237 57,065

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,150 43,729 43,527 44,100 43,801 43,753 43,845 43,752 43,517

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,839 13,811 13,764 13,840 13,889 13,883 13,917 13,897 13,785

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,157 13,959 13,916 14,170 14,077 13,983 13,925 13,979 13,931

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,154 15,959 15,847 16,089 15,836 15,887 16,003 15,877 15,800

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,152 13,481 13,598 13,096 13,305 13,374 13,447 13,485 13,549

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,951 42,492 42,658 43,210 43,301 43,130 43,081 42,915 42,957

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,286 34,615 34,579 35,207 34,553 34,543 34,612 34,571 34,496

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,445 8,686 8,499 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,100 110,373 110,731 111,013 111,585 111,187 111,744 112,356 112,660

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,103 27,226 27,361 27,514 27,433 27,594 27,394 26,901 26,878

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,161 6,621 6,882 7,041 6,679 6,734 6,950 6,840 6,764

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.1 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,356 5,208 5,221 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,749 9,345 9,421 9,905 9,684 9,603 9,559 9,724 9,577

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 14,860 13,863 13,673 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,490 1,500 1,350 25.0 27.1 24.5 25.4 25.7 23.9

16 to 17 years.................................... 579 541 531 28.5 30.3 24.9 27.1 27.8 28.8

18 to 19 years.................................... 941 960 820 23.6 24.7 24.2 24.5 24.6 21.5

20 years and over.................................. 13,370 12,363 12,323 9.1 9.0 9.2 8.8 8.4 8.3

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,379 2,315 2,352 15.9 15.3 15.9 15.3 15.2 15.4

25 years and over............................... 10,995 10,028 10,013 8.3 8.2 8.4 8.1 7.6 7.6

25 to 54 years................................. 8,873 8,036 8,049 8.6 8.5 8.7 8.5 7.9 7.9

25 to 34 years.............................. 3,284 3,112 3,146 9.8 9.9 10.4 10.1 9.3 9.4

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,915 2,416 2,436 8.7 7.9 7.7 7.8 7.4 7.4

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,674 2,507 2,467 7.4 7.8 8.1 7.5 7.1 7.0

55 years and over............................. 2,106 2,022 1,962 7.1 7.2 7.2 6.9 6.7 6.4

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 8,696 7,744 7,598 10.7 10.4 10.5 10.1 9.5 9.3

16 to 19 years...................................... 835 827 757 27.7 29.4 26.6 27.8 27.2 25.9

16 to 17 years.................................... 304 295 267 30.7 33.8 28.5 29.0 29.1 28.5

18 to 19 years.................................... 559 533 493 27.3 26.8 25.5 27.4 26.6 24.8

20 years and over.................................. 7,861 6,917 6,841 10.0 9.7 9.9 9.4 8.8 8.7

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,434 1,281 1,315 18.5 16.5 18.1 16.9 15.9 16.4

25 years and over............................... 6,429 5,648 5,565 9.1 8.9 9.0 8.6 8.0 7.9

25 to 54 years................................. 5,217 4,511 4,428 9.5 9.1 9.3 8.9 8.3 8.1

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,975 1,790 1,743 10.8 10.4 10.9 10.6 9.8 9.5

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,687 1,344 1,327 9.3 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.5

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,555 1,377 1,358 8.3 8.6 9.2 8.3 7.5 7.3

55 years and over............................. 1,213 1,137 1,137 7.8 8.3 8.0 7.2 7.1 7.1

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 6,164 6,119 6,075 8.6 8.8 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.5

16 to 19 years...................................... 655 673 593 22.2 24.8 22.3 22.8 24.0 21.8

16 to 17 years.................................... 276 247 264 26.4 27.0 21.2 25.2 26.4 29.1

18 to 19 years.................................... 381 427 327 19.7 22.6 22.8 21.5 22.5 17.8

20 years and over.................................. 5,509 5,447 5,483 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.1 7.9 8.0

20 to 24 years.................................... 946 1,033 1,036 13.1 13.9 13.5 13.5 14.4 14.2

25 years and over............................... 4,565 4,380 4,448 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.2

25 to 54 years................................. 3,657 3,525 3,621 7.7 7.9 8.1 7.9 7.5 7.7

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,309 1,323 1,403 8.6 9.4 9.8 9.5 8.7 9.2

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,228 1,072 1,109 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.1 7.4

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,119 1,130 1,109 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.6

55 years and over1

........................... 911 906 825 6.5 5.9 6.2 5.8 6.3 5.7

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 3,173 2,666 2,641 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.6 5.8 5.8

Married women, spouse present.................... 2,272 2,036 1,964 6.1 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,112 1,268 1,273 11.6 12.4 13.0 12.0 12.7 13.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 13,070 12,063 11,798 10.5 10.5 10.7 10.2 9.7 9.5

Part-time workers3................................... 1,835 1,793 1,873 6.3 6.3 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.5

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 10,664 9,520 9,212 9,493 9,070 9,471 8,923 8,519 8,334

On temporary layoff................................ 2,100 1,825 1,718 1,541 1,293 1,430 1,402 1,249 1,270

Not on temporary layoff............................ 8,564 7,695 7,495 7,953 7,777 8,042 7,521 7,270 7,064

Permanent job losers............................ 7,129 6,097 6,005 6,636 6,254 6,425 5,995 5,879 5,671

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,435 1,599 1,489 1,317 1,523 1,617 1,526 1,391 1,393

Job leavers............................................. 874 935 888 878 854 864 914 910 898

Reentrants............................................. 3,449 3,332 3,338 3,444 3,498 3,427 3,408 3,357 3,352

New entrants.......................................... 1,005 1,150 1,103 1,220 1,278 1,269 1,311 1,351 1,337

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 66.7 63.7 63.4 63.1 61.7 63.0 61.3 60.3 59.9

On temporary layoff................................ 13.1 12.2 11.8 10.2 8.8 9.5 9.6 8.8 9.1

Not on temporary layoff............................ 53.6 51.5 51.5 52.9 52.9 53.5 51.7 51.4 50.7

Job leavers............................................. 5.5 6.3 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.3 6.4 6.4

Reentrants............................................. 21.6 22.3 23.0 22.9 23.8 22.8 23.4 23.7 24.1

New entrants.......................................... 6.3 7.7 7.6 8.1 8.7 8.4 9.0 9.6 9.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 7.0 6.2 6.0 6.2 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.4

Job leavers............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................. 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

New entrants.......................................... 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,607 3,181 2,263 2,729 2,659 2,824 2,725 2,678 2,390

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 4,139 3,267 3,801 3,380 3,427 3,336 3,184 3,016 3,094

15 weeks and over.................................... 9,245 8,489 8,478 8,834 8,734 8,843 8,647 8,495 8,172

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 2,959 2,182 2,420 2,703 2,500 2,515 2,205 2,285 2,179

27 weeks and over................................. 6,286 6,307 6,058 6,131 6,234 6,328 6,441 6,210 5,993

Average (mean) duration, in weeks1

.............. 29.3 35.5 36.7 29.8 33.9 33.9 34.2 36.9 37.1

Median duration, in weeks........................... 19.6 19.9 20.6 19.6 21.3 21.7 22.4 21.8 21.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 16.3 21.3 15.6 18.3 17.9 18.8 18.7 18.9 17.5

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 25.9 21.9 26.1 22.6 23.1 22.2 21.9 21.3 22.7

15 weeks and over.................................... 57.8 56.8 58.3 59.1 58.9 58.9 59.4 59.9 59.8

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 18.5 14.6 16.6 18.1 16.9 16.8 15.2 16.1 16.0

27 weeks and over................................. 39.3 42.2 41.7 41.0 42.1 42.2 44.3 43.8 43.9

1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 137,203 138,093 15,991 14,542 10.4 9.5

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 52,324 52,557 2,637 2,435 4.8 4.4

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 21,573 21,256 1,165 1,089 5.1 4.9

Professional and related occupations........................... 30,752 31,301 1,471 1,346 4.6 4.1

Service occupations.................................................. 24,133 23,758 2,878 2,846 10.7 10.7

Sales and office occupations....................................... 33,118 33,220 3,465 3,180 9.5 8.7

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,081 15,367 1,704 1,523 10.2 9.0

Office and administrative support occupations................. 18,037 17,853 1,761 1,657 8.9 8.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 12,407 12,676 3,259 2,568 20.8 16.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 856 911 252 255 22.7 21.9

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 6,819 6,868 2,457 1,938 26.5 22.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 4,732 4,897 549 374 10.4 7.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 15,220 15,882 2,720 2,356 15.2 12.9

Production occupations........................................... 7,404 7,908 1,343 1,105 15.4 12.3

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 7,816 7,973 1,377 1,251 15.0 13.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the

introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is

derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with

earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 15,991 14,542 10.4 9.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 13,142 11,641 11.1 9.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 79 41 10.7 5.6

Construction........................................................................... 2,440 1,883 27.1 21.8

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,814 1,492 12.1 9.9

Durable goods...................................................................... 1,276 989 13.6 10.5

Nondurable goods................................................................. 538 503 9.7 8.9

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 2,071 1,889 10.0 9.2

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 591 499 10.5 9.0

Information............................................................................ 300 205 10.0 6.7

Financial activities.................................................................... 708 636 7.5 6.9

Professional and business services................................................ 1,740 1,469 12.0 10.1

Education and health services...................................................... 1,200 1,198 5.6 5.6

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,597 1,783 12.7 13.8

Other services........................................................................ 603 546 9.9 8.9

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 285 270 18.8 18.4

Government workers.................................................................... 880 927 4.0 4.2

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............. 680 601 6.5 5.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 7.0 6.2 6.0 6.2 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 10.4 9.8 9.5 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 11.1 10.4 10.1 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.2 9.6 9.5

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 11.9 11.4 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.2 10.9 10.7 10.5

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 17.9 17.3 16.7 16.8 17.0 17.0 16.7 16.1 15.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

Feb.

2010

Feb.

2011

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 83,804 86,216 33,247 34,548 50,557 51,668

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 6,086 6,405 2,974 3,036 3,113 3,369

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,527 2,730 1,433 1,447 1,094 1,283

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 1,204 1,020 762 592 442 427

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,323 1,710 671 854 652 855

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4............................................. 7,161 6,882 3,454 3,364 3,707 3,518

Percent of total employed........................................... 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.6 5.6 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,735 3,573 2,027 1,964 1,708 1,609

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,842 1,855 546 618 1,296 1,236

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 290 222 181 142 108 80

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,271 1,197 684 628 587 569

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Change

from:

Jan.2011 -

Feb.2011p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,746 131,050 128,183 128,999 129,246 130,260 130,323 130,515 192

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,981 108,464 106,076 106,503 106,772 108,008 108,076 108,298 222

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,087 17,714 17,299 17,326 17,667 17,797 17,832 17,902 70

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659 733 724 727 672 734 738 742 4

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 46.9 46.8 47.5 49.0 47.2 48.0 48.4 0.4

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610.7 686.1 676.7 679.4 623.1 686.7 689.6 693.3 3.7

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.3 161.4 162.4 163.0 156.2 161.6 163.1 164.0 0.9

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189.8 201.7 195.1 195.8 199.8 205.6 204.8 205.7 0.9

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.6 83.8 83.2 83.1 78.6 83.2 83.1 83.2 0.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.6 323.0 319.2 320.6 267.1 319.5 321.7 323.6 1.9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,088 5,387 5,065 5,070 5,533 5,498 5,476 5,509 33

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,162.7 1,215.1 1,156.6 1,144.9 1,234.9 1,222.1 1,218.2 1,218.4 0.2

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.8 558.6 527.8 526.0 584.3 563.0 562.1 564.3 2.2

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.9 656.5 628.8 618.9 650.6 659.1 656.1 654.1 -2.0

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 699.1 792.6 721.8 724.4 808.6 834.2 830.7 835.2 4.5

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,226.5 3,379.1 3,187.0 3,201.0 3,489.2 3,441.2 3,427.2 3,454.9 27.7

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,382.8 1,410.1 1,337.7 1,342.0 1,505.4 1,441.9 1,448.6 1,459.6 11.0

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 1,843.7 1,969.0 1,849.3 1,859.0 1,983.8 1,999.3 1,978.6 1,995.3 16.7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,340 11,594 11,510 11,529 11,462 11,565 11,618 11,651 33

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,932 7,146 7,132 7,154 6,994 7,126 7,187 7,217 30

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330.8 335.7 332.3 333.7 342.5 337.4 341.2 344.3 3.1

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.9 362.7 351.9 352.7 373.4 367.5 370.0 371.9 1.9

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349.4 368.8 368.7 371.1 350.7 368.2 369.8 373.3 3.5

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,245.7 1,316.1 1,318.1 1,318.9 1,255.0 1,312.5 1,323.6 1,330.4 6.8

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973.8 1,013.6 1,016.1 1,024.4 976.9 1,010.2 1,019.6 1,028.8 9.2

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,090.9 1,114.2 1,114.9 1,115.3 1,093.5 1,111.1 1,116.1 1,117.4 1.3

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 158.7 166.4 167.4 169.9 159.1 166.1 167.9 170.3 2.4

Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.8 119.5 119.6 117.8 116.0 119.0 119.2 117.3 -1.9

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.1 376.6 377.6 378.3 365.3 375.5 377.8 379.2 1.4

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.3 406.8 405.7 404.3 407.6 406.2 406.6 405.7 -0.9

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 353.8 368.5 368.3 367.8 355.0 367.7 368.8 369.0 0.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313.3 1,340.5 1,343.7 1,350.3 1,317.9 1,329.8 1,351.7 1,355.1 3.4

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660.8 683.5 687.0 693.3 662.2 674.2 694.2 695.2 1.0

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.1 349.4 346.6 346.4 360.9 350.3 352.3 351.7 -0.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.3 576.5 571.4 573.5 567.7 571.2 574.0 575.0 1.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,408 4,448 4,378 4,375 4,468 4,439 4,431 4,434 3

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,413.8 1,453.7 1,421.2 1,416.1 1,447.8 1,444.9 1,444.6 1,448.3 3.7

Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 176.9 180.0 174.8 175.2 183.0 182.4 179.8 181.5 1.7

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.0 119.5 118.7 119.6 119.9 119.8 119.8 120.4 0.6

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.1 116.8 114.7 114.3 119.7 116.3 115.5 115.7 0.2

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.5 156.6 155.0 156.8 161.0 157.6 158.1 156.9 -1.2

Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 28.5 27.8 28.9 27.7 28.5 28.2 29.0 0.8

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.6 397.6 395.9 395.2 397.4 396.8 396.3 396.7 0.4

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 490.4 479.2 469.2 467.9 493.6 476.2 473.6 471.3 -2.3

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.5 110.8 105.1 106.7 113.4 113.0 111.3 112.1 0.8

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787.3 780.5 771.0 772.3 788.8 777.5 773.4 774.0 0.6

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610.3 624.3 624.4 622.2 615.9 626.1 630.4 628.3 -2.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,894 90,750 88,777 89,177 89,105 90,211 90,244 90,396 152

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,147 25,322 24,543 24,391 24,525 24,746 24,740 24,767 27

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,390.8 5,495.5 5,438.7 5,448.4 5,443.1 5,479.5 5,489.0 5,500.7 11.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,693.2 2,742.1 2,723.6 2,732.3 2,712.1 2,736.0 2,742.7 2,752.4 9.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,902.2 1,941.3 1,912.1 1,913.7 1,930.5 1,935.5 1,938.8 1,940.3 1.5

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 795.4 812.1 803.0 802.4 800.5 808.0 807.5 808.0 0.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,117.4 14,939.3 14,378.4 14,203.8 14,383.5 14,447.2 14,477.8 14,469.7 -8.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,586.3 1,638.2 1,622.4 1,631.9 1,611.7 1,648.1 1,652.1 1,656.8 4.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991.1 1,019.3 1,011.6 1,017.2 1,000.8 1,021.4 1,024.1 1,026.4 2.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 432.2 456.9 439.8 428.2 437.5 435.8 435.3 434.2 -1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Change

from:

Jan.2011 -

Feb.2011p

Retail trade - Continued

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.9 529.0 504.6 492.9 491.0 503.2 500.2 495.5 -4.7

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,092.2 1,082.5 1,061.0 1,066.4 1,137.5 1,112.0 1,114.0 1,108.4 -5.6

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,779.3 2,840.7 2,802.4 2,785.3 2,807.7 2,814.1 2,816.4 2,814.0 -2.4

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 976.9 988.4 970.8 971.4 981.4 970.9 972.2 975.3 3.1

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802.7 811.3 803.5 800.2 815.1 816.1 814.6 812.6 -2.0

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,308.1 1,533.8 1,413.0 1,365.2 1,357.2 1,405.4 1,414.0 1,417.4 3.4

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.7 657.9 617.7 594.3 604.5 601.5 601.6 601.6 0.0

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,891.5 3,181.8 2,982.8 2,918.6 2,960.4 2,972.8 2,985.6 2,986.7 1.1

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,444.3 1,651.2 1,513.9 1,450.4 1,482.7 1,484.2 1,493.4 1,488.9 -4.5

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755.7 774.3 743.9 742.5 765.5 753.9 756.2 752.1 -4.1

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.9 444.5 416.5 406.9 414.0 413.4 415.6 415.1 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,085.5 4,338.1 4,178.5 4,190.0 4,143.2 4,268.4 4,224.0 4,246.0 22.0

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461.5 467.0 467.6 468.5 464.3 467.7 468.9 469.5 0.6

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209.5 218.8 217.2 217.7 210.8 218.5 218.9 218.9 0.0

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 64.4 63.0 63.1 61.7 64.7 65.3 66.4 1.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,199.9 1,254.7 1,227.4 1,231.6 1,235.0 1,255.9 1,255.0 1,266.2 11.2

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.6 461.3 453.5 455.9 419.7 445.2 444.3 446.3 2.0

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.5 42.3 42.6 42.5 43.5 42.3 42.4 42.4 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 20.2 22.1 19.4 20.5 27.2 26.7 27.0 27.4 0.4

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 531.2 544.3 541.1 547.5 534.4 542.0 546.1 550.4 4.3

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515.2 623.7 523.7 517.4 521.4 573.6 526.9 525.5 -1.4

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.8 639.5 623.0 625.3 625.2 631.8 629.2 633.0 3.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.9 549.5 547.3 548.4 554.9 551.2 549.1 550.1 1.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,724 2,706 2,660 2,677 2,731 2,694 2,685 2,685 0

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 761.7 759.9 753.5 755.5 763.7 756.9 756.3 757.8 1.5

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.3 372.8 351.8 364.6 370.7 372.6 370.9 369.9 -1.0

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.2 297.0 295.3 295.7 294.5 295.7 296.0 296.7 0.7

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921.3 888.4 876.3 877.6 918.6 881.8 877.1 874.9 -2.2

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.6 242.4 236.3 236.0 245.1 241.0 238.2 237.5 -0.7

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.5 145.8 146.7 148.0 138.0 145.7 146.8 148.1 1.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,615 7,625 7,559 7,568 7,657 7,617 7,605 7,608 3

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,700.9 5,692.2 5,665.1 5,668.9 5,705.6 5,681.5 5,677.1 5,672.3 -4.8

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 20.6 21.2 21.0 20.8 20.7 21.2 21.0 21.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,547.4 2,553.7 2,542.8 2,544.7 2,546.3 2,549.0 2,544.9 2,542.9 -2.0

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,728.8 1,744.8 1,744.9 1,744.1 1,730.4 1,741.9 1,743.6 1,744.1 0.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304.9 1,317.4 1,316.9 1,316.0 1,304.8 1,316.4 1,316.1 1,315.8 -0.3

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796.5 804.3 803.1 804.7 797.7 803.1 804.9 805.6 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,249.6 2,226.7 2,211.2 2,211.5 2,254.1 2,221.7 2,219.0 2,215.4 -3.6

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 86.8 86.3 87.0 87.2 86.8 86.5 87.3 87.4 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,914.3 1,932.9 1,893.4 1,899.2 1,951.7 1,935.3 1,928.2 1,935.4 7.2

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,385.5 1,396.5 1,368.3 1,374.3 1,406.7 1,395.0 1,390.1 1,394.8 4.7

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.5 511.0 499.7 499.6 519.4 515.0 512.5 515.2 2.7

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 25.3 25.4 25.4 25.3 25.6 25.3 25.6 25.4 -0.2

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,286 17,034 16,598 16,729 16,544 16,902 16,937 16,984 47

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,499.3 7,523.1 7,510.2 7,573.5 7,413.5 7,469.4 7,476.2 7,486.2 10.0

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,105.9 1,118.3 1,106.7 1,104.6 1,112.6 1,113.7 1,114.2 1,111.3 -2.9

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 1,041.8 894.7 976.5 1,019.5 897.3 881.8 876.4 874.1 -2.3

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,260.8 1,281.4 1,261.1 1,261.6 1,280.8 1,278.5 1,279.0 1,282.1 3.1

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424.9 1,471.7 1,466.7 1,473.6 1,427.6 1,464.9 1,471.9 1,476.1 4.2

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979.4 1,020.6 1,001.2 1,011.3 988.7 1,008.1 1,013.5 1,020.1 6.6

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,843.3 1,877.3 1,864.4 1,866.2 1,851.7 1,873.3 1,873.2 1,874.1 0.9

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,943.6 7,633.4 7,223.4 7,289.6 7,278.4 7,559.6 7,587.4 7,623.8 36.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Change

from:

Jan.2011 -

Feb.2011p

Administrative and waste services - Continued

Administrative and support services1

. . . . . . . . 6,602.1 7,275.2 6,870.8 6,937.6 6,928.4 7,199.8 7,227.6 7,262.7 35.1

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,463.5 2,974.6 2,694.7 2,749.9 2,609.4 2,843.6 2,863.4 2,892.0 28.6

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,857.8 2,314.3 2,067.7 2,102.8 1,976.2 2,207.2 2,202.3 2,217.8 15.5

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809.7 824.1 804.7 810.9 806.7 805.2 805.5 808.7 3.2

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,574.0 1,689.0 1,605.6 1,604.3 1,737.5 1,765.0 1,771.4 1,769.9 -1.5

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341.5 358.2 352.6 352.0 350.0 359.8 359.8 361.1 1.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,498 19,921 19,667 19,919 19,399 19,760 19,784 19,824 40

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,253.9 3,291.9 3,116.0 3,330.6 3,118.9 3,179.5 3,191.1 3,195.1 4.0

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,243.9 16,629.5 16,551.1 16,588.3 16,280.5 16,580.6 16,592.4 16,628.6 36.2

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,643.8 13,951.4 13,891.6 13,921.3 13,687.7 13,922.4 13,931.1 13,965.4 34.3

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 5,891.5 6,065.8 6,033.3 6,054.0 5,910.2 6,051.3 6,056.9 6,073.8 16.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,303.6 2,343.1 2,328.0 2,327.7 2,307.5 2,330.0 2,331.3 2,332.8 1.5

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587.2 613.1 611.3 614.4 588.3 611.4 613.1 615.7 2.6

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,053.9 1,103.4 1,098.6 1,106.8 1,062.2 1,102.3 1,105.5 1,113.0 7.5

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,665.7 4,715.1 4,705.2 4,701.7 4,675.1 4,708.0 4,708.9 4,711.0 2.1

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,086.6 3,170.5 3,153.1 3,165.6 3,102.4 3,163.1 3,165.3 3,180.6 15.3

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,640.6 1,680.2 1,670.7 1,668.3 1,649.5 1,674.8 1,676.0 1,677.4 1.4

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,600.1 2,678.1 2,659.5 2,667.0 2,592.8 2,658.2 2,661.3 2,663.2 1.9

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861.3 870.2 867.5 869.7 847.6 856.6 859.2 856.5 -2.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,359 12,749 12,406 12,508 12,932 13,074 13,071 13,092 21

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,695.2 1,735.7 1,655.9 1,687.9 1,894.1 1,896.4 1,886.7 1,892.2 5.5

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 365.8 393.5 356.0 373.4 396.1 410.5 402.3 407.3 5.0

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . . 114.9 119.8 115.3 116.1 127.3 127.2 127.4 128.0 0.6

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,214.5 1,222.4 1,184.6 1,198.4 1,370.7 1,358.7 1,357.0 1,356.9 -0.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,663.4 11,012.9 10,749.9 10,820.4 11,038.0 11,177.4 11,183.8 11,199.3 15.5

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,660.1 1,701.9 1,677.0 1,690.9 1,738.0 1,763.3 1,768.0 1,770.9 2.9

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,003.3 9,311.0 9,072.9 9,129.5 9,300.0 9,414.1 9,415.8 9,428.4 12.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,265 5,393 5,344 5,385 5,317 5,418 5,422 5,436 14

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,114.3 1,134.4 1,130.6 1,140.3 1,125.9 1,142.3 1,148.8 1,150.7 1.9

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,250.5 1,268.4 1,248.3 1,256.8 1,265.6 1,271.6 1,267.9 1,271.8 3.9

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,900.5 2,990.6 2,965.0 2,988.3 2,925.3 3,004.1 3,005.0 3,013.4 8.4

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,765 22,586 22,107 22,496 22,474 22,252 22,247 22,217 -30

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,848.0 2,846.0 2,834.0 2,826.0 2,872.0 2,853.0 2,856.0 2,856.0 0.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,184.9 2,200.0 2,189.0 2,196.2 2,205.1 2,210.0 2,212.9 2,220.4 7.5

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662.6 646.2 645.3 630.2 666.8 643.4 642.9 635.6 -7.3

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,261.0 5,250.0 5,047.0 5,242.0 5,143.0 5,140.0 5,139.0 5,127.0 -12.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,491.7 2,513.6 2,318.9 2,518.6 2,362.7 2,392.6 2,397.2 2,392.2 -5.0

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,768.8 2,736.1 2,727.8 2,723.0 2,780.2 2,747.3 2,741.3 2,735.0 -6.3

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,656.0 14,490.0 14,226.0 14,428.0 14,459.0 14,259.0 14,252.0 14,234.0 -18.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,370.2 8,266.1 8,047.6 8,248.2 8,058.5 7,951.8 7,950.9 7,939.2 -11.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,285.7 6,223.5 6,178.8 6,179.5 6,400.0 6,307.3 6,301.4 6,295.1 -6.3

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 34.0 34.2 34.2 34.2

Goods-producing..................................................................... 39.0 39.7 39.6 39.8

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.0 43.5 43.9 43.4

Construction........................................................................ 36.9 38.0 37.3 38.0

Manufacturing...................................................................... 39.7 40.3 40.4 40.5

Durable goods................................................................... 40.0 40.6 40.6 40.8

Nondurable goods............................................................... 39.4 39.9 39.9 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.0 33.1 33.1 33.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.1 34.5 34.4 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................. 37.8 38.3 38.4 38.4

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.4 31.5 31.3 31.4

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 37.9 38.7 38.8 38.9

Utilities............................................................................ 40.6 41.3 41.7 41.4

Information.......................................................................... 36.4 36.4 36.5 36.5

Financial activities................................................................. 36.8 37.0 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services............................................. 35.2 35.6 35.6 35.6

Education and health services................................................... 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.6

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 25.7 25.8 25.8 25.9

Other services...................................................................... 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.3

Durable goods........................................................................ 2.6 3.1 3.0 3.2

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.4

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Total private................................................. $22.48 $22.77 $22.86 $22.87 $ 764.32 $ 778.73 $ 781.81 $ 782.15

Goods-producing........................................ 23.97 24.20 24.40 24.27 934.83 960.74 966.24 965.95

Mining and logging................................... 27.08 27.59 27.96 27.86 1,164.44 1,200.17 1,227.44 1,209.12

Construction........................................... 25.19 25.33 25.43 25.39 929.51 962.54 948.54 964.82

Manufacturing......................................... 23.22 23.46 23.70 23.52 921.83 945.44 957.48 952.56

Durable goods...................................... 24.75 24.98 25.23 24.99 990.00 1,014.19 1,024.34 1,019.59

Nondurable goods................................. 20.79 20.99 21.17 21.09 819.13 837.50 844.68 843.60

Private service-providing............................... 22.13 22.44 22.50 22.54 730.29 742.76 744.75 746.07

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 19.56 19.76 19.84 19.87 667.00 681.72 682.50 685.52

Wholesale trade.................................... 26.10 26.17 26.27 26.29 986.58 1,002.31 1,008.77 1,009.54

Retail trade.......................................... 15.51 15.63 15.67 15.69 487.01 492.35 490.47 492.67

Transportation and warehousing................. 20.85 21.21 21.25 21.33 790.22 820.83 824.50 829.74

Utilities............................................... 32.12 32.78 33.19 33.10 1,304.07 1,353.81 1,384.02 1,370.34

Information............................................. 30.14 31.06 31.14 31.33 1,097.10 1,130.58 1,136.61 1,143.55

Financial activities.................................... 27.01 27.45 27.54 27.57 993.97 1,015.65 1,018.98 1,020.09

Professional and business services................ 27.20 27.34 27.37 27.46 957.44 973.30 974.37 977.58

Education and health services...................... 22.72 23.29 23.35 23.41 745.22 761.58 763.55 763.17

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.09 13.12 13.19 13.16 336.41 338.50 340.30 340.84

Other services......................................... 20.09 20.46 20.47 20.53 632.84 646.54 646.85 648.75

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2011 -

Feb.

2011p

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2011 -

Feb.

2011p

Total private....................................... 91.0 92.6 92.6 92.8 0.2 97.5 100.5 101.0 101.2 0.2

Goods-producing............................... 78.5 80.5 80.5 81.2 0.9 85.0 88.0 88.7 89.0 0.3

Mining and logging.......................... 90.8 100.3 101.8 101.2 -0.6 98.7 111.1 114.3 113.2 -1.0

Construction.................................. 70.4 72.0 70.4 72.1 2.4 77.0 79.2 77.8 79.6 2.3

Manufacturing................................ 81.9 83.8 84.4 84.9 0.6 88.4 91.5 93.1 92.8 -0.3

Durable goods............................ 78.8 81.5 82.2 82.9 0.9 86.6 90.4 92.1 92.0 -0.1

Nondurable goods........................ 87.9 88.4 88.2 88.5 0.3 92.7 94.2 94.8 94.7 -0.1

Private service-providing...................... 94.4 95.9 95.9 96.1 0.2 101.3 104.3 104.6 104.9 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 90.9 92.8 92.5 92.9 0.4 95.7 98.7 98.8 99.3 0.5

Wholesale trade........................... 89.8 91.6 92.0 92.2 0.2 97.8 100.0 100.8 101.1 0.3

Retail trade................................ 91.7 92.4 92.0 92.3 0.3 94.0 95.5 95.3 95.7 0.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 89.9 94.5 93.8 94.5 0.7 95.1 101.8 101.1 102.3 1.2

Utilities..................................... 97.5 98.5 99.0 98.5 -0.5 103.4 106.7 108.6 107.7 -0.8

Information................................... 90.8 89.6 89.5 89.5 0.0 97.4 99.0 99.2 99.8 0.6

Financial activities........................... 92.8 92.9 92.7 92.8 0.1 97.9 99.5 99.7 99.8 0.1

Professional and business services....... 91.6 94.6 94.8 95.1 0.3 100.9 104.8 105.2 105.8 0.6

Education and health services............. 103.6 105.2 105.3 105.2 -0.1 110.2 114.7 115.2 115.4 0.2

Leisure and hospitality...................... 94.8 96.2 96.2 96.7 0.5 100.1 101.9 102.4 102.7 0.3

Other services............................... 92.8 94.9 94.9 95.2 0.3 105.8 110.1 110.3 110.9 0.5

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Total nonfarm............................................... 64,577 64,657 64,671 64,726 50.0 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private.............................................. 51,757 52,016 52,034 52,098 48.5 48.2 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing...................................... 4,109 4,063 4,064 4,065 23.3 22.8 22.8 22.7

Mining and logging................................. 95 99 102 103 14.1 13.5 13.8 13.9

Construction........................................ 741 714 712 714 13.4 13.0 13.0 13.0

Manufacturing....................................... 3,273 3,250 3,250 3,248 28.6 28.1 28.0 27.9

Durable goods................................... 1,729 1,719 1,723 1,725 24.7 24.1 24.0 23.9

Nondurable goods............................... 1,544 1,531 1,527 1,523 34.6 34.5 34.5 34.3

Private service-providing............................. 47,648 47,953 47,970 48,033 53.5 53.2 53.2 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,029 9,979 10,003 10,019 40.9 40.3 40.4 40.5

Wholesale trade................................. 1,646.3 1,644.2 1,648.3 1,651.7 30.2 30.0 30.0 30.0

Retail trade....................................... 7,248.5 7,183.9 7,213.4 7,222.1 50.4 49.7 49.8 49.9

Transportation and warehousing.............. 993.0 1,015.2 1,006.4 1,011.1 24.0 23.8 23.8 23.8

Utilities............................................ 141.1 135.4 134.7 134.2 25.4 24.6 24.5 24.4

Information.......................................... 1,118 1,094 1,092 1,088 40.9 40.6 40.7 40.5

Financial activities.................................. 4,524 4,458 4,451 4,438 59.1 58.5 58.5 58.3

Professional and business services............. 7,406 7,518 7,504 7,537 44.8 44.5 44.3 44.4

Education and health services................... 14,977 15,215 15,224 15,247 77.2 77.0 77.0 76.9

Leisure and hospitality............................. 6,778 6,821 6,828 6,832 52.4 52.2 52.2 52.2

Other services...................................... 2,816 2,868 2,868 2,872 53.0 52.9 52.9 52.8

Government.............................................. 12,820 12,641 12,637 12,628 57.0 56.8 56.8 56.8

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Total private................................................................................ 87,975 88,974 89,031 89,202

Goods-producing........................................................................ 12,712 12,808 12,841 12,900

Mining and logging................................................................... 494 553 555 557

Construction........................................................................... 4,179 4,162 4,156 4,182

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,039 8,093 8,130 8,161

Durable goods...................................................................... 4,778 4,865 4,907 4,936

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,261 3,228 3,223 3,225

Private service-providing............................................................... 75,263 76,166 76,190 76,302

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 20,795 20,915 20,922 20,934

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,385.3 4,383.6 4,392.5 4,403.3

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,361.5 12,434.9 12,456.2 12,450.6

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,601.3 3,657.4 3,636.3 3,642.6

Utilities............................................................................... 446.9 439.2 436.9 437.9

Information............................................................................ 2,183 2,166 2,160 2,161

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,926 5,845 5,832 5,826

Professional and business services................................................ 13,529 13,861 13,898 13,941

Education and health services...................................................... 17,001 17,328 17,345 17,365

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 11,395 11,514 11,490 11,519

Other services........................................................................ 4,434 4,537 4,543 4,556

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.2 33.5 33.4 33.5

Goods-producing..................................................................... 39.4 40.5 40.2 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.5 44.9 46.0 45.3

Construction........................................................................ 37.1 38.6 37.6 38.5

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.4 41.3 41.1 41.2

Durable goods................................................................... 40.5 41.6 41.4 41.6

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.2 40.7 40.5 40.7

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.1 32.3 32.3 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 33.0 33.6 33.5 33.6

Wholesale trade................................................................. 37.7 38.2 38.3 38.4

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.0 30.5 30.3 30.3

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 36.3 37.7 37.4 37.9

Utilities............................................................................ 41.6 42.2 42.4 42.1

Information.......................................................................... 36.4 36.1 36.2 36.1

Financial activities................................................................. 36.0 36.3 36.4 36.3

Professional and business services............................................. 34.9 35.3 35.1 35.2

Education and health services................................................... 32.2 32.1 32.1 32.2

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.8 24.7 24.6 24.7

Other services...................................................................... 30.6 30.7 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.2

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.4 4.1 4.1 4.3

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Total private................................................. $18.93 $19.23 $19.33 $19.33 $ 628.48 $ 644.21 $ 645.62 $ 647.56

Goods-producing........................................ 20.14 20.49 20.56 20.60 793.52 829.85 826.51 834.30

Mining and logging................................... 23.67 24.02 24.09 24.19 1,029.65 1,078.50 1,108.14 1,095.81

Construction........................................... 23.12 23.44 23.50 23.52 857.75 904.78 883.60 905.52

Manufacturing......................................... 18.48 18.80 18.92 18.94 746.59 776.44 777.61 780.33

Durable goods...................................... 19.71 20.03 20.15 20.16 798.26 833.25 834.21 838.66

Nondurable goods................................. 16.66 16.91 17.00 17.03 669.73 688.24 688.50 693.12

Private service-providing............................... 18.68 18.97 19.07 19.06 599.63 612.73 615.96 615.64

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 16.73 16.97 17.06 17.09 552.09 570.19 571.51 574.22

Wholesale trade.................................... 21.37 21.79 21.91 21.91 805.65 832.38 839.15 841.34

Retail trade.......................................... 13.18 13.36 13.37 13.37 395.40 407.48 405.11 405.11

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.09 19.28 19.52 19.60 692.97 726.86 730.05 742.84

Utilities............................................... 29.86 30.13 30.16 30.18 1,242.18 1,271.49 1,278.78 1,270.58

Information............................................. 25.63 26.09 26.20 25.99 932.93 941.85 948.44 938.24

Financial activities.................................... 21.31 21.63 21.72 21.60 767.16 785.17 790.61 784.08

Professional and business services................ 22.69 22.84 23.03 23.05 791.88 806.25 808.35 811.36

Education and health services...................... 19.85 20.42 20.49 20.49 639.17 655.48 657.73 659.78

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.31 11.31 11.33 11.34 280.49 279.36 278.72 280.10

Other services......................................... 16.95 17.24 17.27 17.27 518.67 529.27 530.19 530.19

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2011 -

Feb.

2011p

Feb.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011p

Feb.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2011 -

Feb.

2011p

Total private....................................... 97.6 99.6 99.4 99.8 0.4 123.4 128.0 128.3 129.0 0.5

Goods-producing............................... 76.5 79.3 78.9 79.8 1.1 94.4 99.5 99.3 100.7 1.4

Mining and logging.......................... 114.2 131.9 135.7 134.1 -1.2 157.2 184.3 190.1 188.6 -0.8

Construction.................................. 77.6 80.4 78.2 80.6 3.1 96.9 101.8 99.3 102.4 3.1

Manufacturing................................ 74.5 76.7 76.7 77.2 0.7 90.1 94.3 94.9 95.6 0.7

Durable goods............................ 72.7 76.0 76.3 77.1 1.0 89.5 95.1 96.0 97.1 1.1

Nondurable goods........................ 77.2 77.4 76.9 77.3 0.5 90.9 92.5 92.4 93.1 0.8

Private service-providing...................... 103.3 105.2 105.2 105.4 0.2 132.3 136.8 137.6 137.7 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 95.7 98.0 97.7 98.1 0.4 114.2 118.6 118.9 119.5 0.5

Wholesale trade........................... 97.4 98.6 99.1 99.6 0.5 122.6 126.6 127.9 128.5 0.5

Retail trade................................ 93.9 96.0 95.5 95.5 0.0 106.0 109.9 109.5 109.4 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 98.4 103.8 102.4 103.9 1.5 119.2 126.9 126.8 129.2 1.9

Utilities..................................... 95.1 94.8 94.8 94.3 -0.5 118.5 119.2 119.3 118.8 -0.4

Information................................... 90.7 89.3 89.3 89.1 -0.2 115.1 115.3 115.8 114.6 -1.0

Financial activities........................... 102.1 101.5 101.6 101.2 -0.4 134.5 135.8 136.4 135.2 -0.9

Professional and business services....... 105.8 109.7 109.3 110.0 0.6 142.9 149.0 149.8 150.8 0.7

Education and health services............. 118.1 120.0 120.1 120.6 0.4 154.1 161.1 161.8 162.5 0.4

Leisure and hospitality...................... 103.6 104.2 103.6 104.3 0.7 133.0 133.9 133.3 134.3 0.8

Other services............................... 95.2 97.7 97.8 98.1 0.3 117.5 122.7 123.1 123.5 0.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary