For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, December 15, 2023 USDL-23-2568

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 6 states on the last business day of October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 3 states and increased in 1 state. Total separations rates

increased in 3 states and decreased in 2 states. Nationally, the job openings rate decreased in October,

while the hires and total separations rates showed little or no change.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 

layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In October, job openings rates decreased in 6 states and were little changed in 44 states and the District 

of Columbia. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Tennessee (-2.2 percentage points), 

Louisiana (-1.2 points), and Wisconsin (-1.0 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate

decreased (-0.3 point). (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 13 states and was little changed in 37 states and the District 

of Columbia in October. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in Tennessee 

(-84,000), California (-60,000), and Illinois (-49,000). Nationally, the number of job openings decreased

(-617,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In October, hires rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 46 states

and the District of Columbia. The hires rate decreased in Kentucky (-1.4 percentage points), Louisiana 

(-1.3 points), and Alabama (-0.7 point). The increase occurred in Texas (+0.6 point). The national hires

rate changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires decreased in 4 states, increased in 2 states, and was little changed in 44 states and 

the District of Columbia in October. The largest decreases in the hires level occurred in North Carolina 

(-29,000), Kentucky (-28,000), and Louisiana (-25,000). The increases occurred in Texas (+86,000) and 

Iowa (+9,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Total Separations

In October, total separations rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed 

in 45 states and the District of Columbia. The increases in total separations rates occurred in New Jersey

(+1.2 percentage points), as well as in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania (+0.6 point each). The decreases 

occurred in Kansas and Minnesota (-0.9 point each). Over the month, the national total separations rate

was unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations increased in 4 states, decreased in 5 states, and was little changed in 

41 states and the District of Columbia in October. The largest increases in the total separations level 

occurred in New Jersey (+52,000), Pennsylvania (+37,000), and Massachusetts (+24,000). The largest 

decreases occurred in Minnesota (-26,000), Kansas (-12,000), and Nebraska (-7,000). Nationally, the 

number of total separations changed little over the month. (See table 3.)

Quits

In October, quits rates in all states and the District of Columbia changed little. Over the month, the 

national quits rate was unchanged. (See table 4.)

The number of quits in all states and the District of Columbia was little changed in October.

Nationally, the number of quits changed little over the month. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In October, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 8 states, decreased in 3 states, and were little 

changed in 39 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in layoffs and discharges rates 

occurred in Maine and New Jersey (+1.1 percentage points each) and in Montana (+0.8 point). The 

decreases occurred in Minnesota (-0.8 point), as well as in Kansas and Missouri (-0.6 point each). 

Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 9 states, decreased in 6 states, and was little 

changed in 35 states and the District of Columbia in October. The largest increases in the layoffs and 

discharges level occurred in New Jersey (+51,000), Pennsylvania (+38,000), and Massachusetts

(+23,000). The largest decreases occurred in Minnesota (-24,000), Missouri (-16,000), and Kansas 

(-9,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 

charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#. 

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for November 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Thursday, January 18, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for 

job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and

total separations. The JOLTS program covers all 

private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data 

for January 2023, industries are classified in 

accordance with the 2022 North American Industry 

Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can be 

full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, 

short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether or 

not the employer can find a suitable candidate 

during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers from 

outside the establishment to fill the position. 

Active recruiting means that the establishment is 

taking steps to fill a position. It may include 

advertising in newspapers, on television, or on 

the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking, or making “word-ofmouth” announcements; accepting applications; 

interviewing candidates; contacting employment 

agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, 

state or local employment offices, or similar 

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work; and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season).

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Other separations comprise 

less than 8 percent of total separations. Other 

separations rates are generally very low, and other 

separations variance estimates are relatively high. 

Consequently, the other separations component is not 

published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the 

same location; employees on strike; employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The 

separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges

rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. The JOLTS sample of 

21,000 establishments does not directly support the 

production of sample-based state estimates. However, 

state estimates have been produced by combining the 

available sample with model-based estimates. 

 The state estimates consist of four major 

estimating models; the Composite Regional model

(an unpublished intermediate model), the Synthetic

model (an unpublished intermediate model), the 

Composite Synthetic model (published historical 

series through the most current benchmark year), and 

the Extended Composite Synthetic model (published 

current-year monthly series). The Composite 

Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS 

regional published estimates, and Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The 

Composite Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata 

and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly 

employment changes in microdata from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and 

JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 

Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite 

Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite 

Synthetic model by the ratio of the current Composite 

Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional 

model estimate from the previous year. 

 The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and 

its major component—the Composite Regional 

model) is used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

estimates because all of the inputs required by this 

model are available at the time monthly estimate are 

produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model 

(and its major component—the Synthetic model) can 

only be produced when the latest QCEW data are 

available. The Extended Composite Synthetic model 

estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

model estimates during the annual JOLTS retabulation process. The extension of the Composite 

Synthetic model using current data-based Composite 

Regional model estimates ensures that the Composite 

Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic 

trends. 

 The Composite Regional approach calculates 

state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata 

using sample weights and the adjustments for nonresponse. The Composite Regional estimate is then 

benchmarked to CES state-supersector employment 

to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS

sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 

sample for each state-supersector cell. The small 

JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 

cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable 

estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level 

estimates derived directly from the JOLTS sample 

are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when 

the number of respondents is low (that is, less than 

30). This approach is known as a composite estimate,

which leverages the small JOLTS sample to the 

greatest extent possible and supplements that with a 

model-based estimate. Previous research has found 

that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at 

finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 

make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the

regional-level using only national industry-level 

JOLTS rates. The assumption in this approach is that 

one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates 

at the state-level using only regional industry-level 

JOLTS rates.)

 In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based 

estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all 

state-supersector cells that have 30 or more 

respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be 

used, without a sample-based component, in all statesupersector cells that have fewer than five 

respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5 to 30 
respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a 

composition of a weighted estimate of the microdatabased estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS 

regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS 

data in those cells is proportional the number of 

JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n∕30, where n 

is the number of respondents). The sum of state 

estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned 

regional JOLTS published regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal 

adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to 

seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all 

relevant data, up to and including the current month, 

to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving 

averages are used as seasonal filters in seasonal 

adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes 

both additive and multiplicative models, as well as 

regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) 

modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The 

JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from 

three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 

These state estimates are published as a historical 

series made up of a historical annually revised 

benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic 

model and a current component of the Extended 

Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly 

"real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual 

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations 

quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by 

dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 

levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a 

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. For sampling error estimates, see

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for 

both sampling error and the error attributable to 

modeling. A small area domain model uses a 

Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS 

state variance. The small area model uses QCEWbased JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a 

Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior 
distribution using JOLTS microdata and samplebased variance estimates at the state and US Census 

regional level to generate a Bayesian posterior 

distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution 

has been generated, estimates of JOLTS state 

variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from 

the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian 

approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error 

and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 10,471 8,920 9,497 9,350 8,733 -617 6.4 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.3 -0.3

Alabama.................................. 150 129 137 138 123 -15 6.6 5.6 6.0 6.0 5.4 -0.6

Alaska..................................... 27 24 32 26 25 -1 7.7 6.9 8.9 7.4 7.1 -0.3

Arizona.................................... 242 199 192 193 183 -10 7.2 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.5 -0.2

Arkansas.................................. 97 84 90 88 81 -7 6.7 5.8 6.2 6.1 5.6 -0.5

California................................. 1,201 975 961 867 807 -60 6.3 5.1 5.0 4.6 4.3 -0.3

Colorado.................................. 243 191 197 202 203 1 7.8 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.5 0.0

Connecticut............................... 113 91 96 102 89 -13 6.3 5.1 5.4 5.7 5.0 -0.7

Delaware................................. 36 33 33 33 30 -3 7.0 6.4 6.4 6.3 5.8 -0.5

District of Columbia..................... 38 43 39 43 37 -6 4.7 5.3 4.8 5.2 4.5 -0.7

Florida..................................... 569 570 616 606 574 -32 5.6 5.5 5.9 5.8 5.5 -0.3

Georgia................................... 390 323 333 353 335 -18 7.5 6.2 6.3 6.7 6.4 -0.3

Hawaii..................................... 36 33 35 32 30 -2 5.4 4.9 5.2 4.8 4.5 -0.3

Idaho...................................... 68 55 54 55 57 2 7.5 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.2 0.2

Illinois..................................... 345 349 428 371 322 -49 5.4 5.4 6.5 5.7 5.0 -0.7

Indiana.................................... 200 162 170 168 153 -15 5.8 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.5 -0.4

Iowa....................................... 118 75 90 83 84 1 6.9 4.5 5.4 5.0 5.0 0.0

Kansas.................................... 87 82 88 81 74 -7 5.7 5.4 5.7 5.3 4.8 -0.5

Kentucky.................................. 134 111 126 131 117 -14 6.3 5.2 5.9 6.1 5.4 -0.7

Louisiana................................. 147 126 140 148 122 -26 7.1 6.0 6.6 7.0 5.8 -1.2

Maine..................................... 47 41 42 45 44 -1 6.8 6.0 6.1 6.5 6.3 -0.2

Maryland.................................. 189 165 180 183 173 -10 6.5 5.7 6.1 6.2 5.9 -0.3

Massachusetts........................... 272 236 251 255 251 -4 6.8 5.9 6.2 6.3 6.2 -0.1

Michigan.................................. 259 216 242 242 220 -22 5.6 4.6 5.2 5.2 4.7 -0.5

Minnesota................................ 199 192 203 201 187 -14 6.3 6.0 6.4 6.3 5.9 -0.4

Mississippi................................ 84 80 82 83 80 -3 6.7 6.4 6.6 6.6 6.4 -0.2

Missouri................................... 198 167 182 180 165 -15 6.3 5.3 5.7 5.7 5.2 -0.5

Montana.................................. 44 35 36 36 36 0 7.9 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 0.0

Nebraska................................. 57 54 62 59 52 -7 5.2 4.9 5.6 5.3 4.7 -0.6

Nevada.................................... 106 92 97 99 89 -10 6.5 5.6 5.9 5.9 5.4 -0.5

New Hampshire.......................... 57 50 44 44 41 -3 7.6 6.7 5.9 5.9 5.5 -0.4

New Jersey............................... 267 243 220 228 208 -20 5.9 5.3 4.8 5.0 4.6 -0.4

New Mexico.............................. 65 65 61 57 58 1 7.1 7.0 6.6 6.1 6.2 0.1

New York................................. 540 441 461 466 466 0 5.3 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.6 0.0

North Carolina........................... 363 316 341 312 294 -18 7.0 6.0 6.5 5.9 5.6 -0.3

North Dakota............................. 29 26 29 28 26 -2 6.3 5.6 6.2 6.0 5.6 -0.4

Ohio....................................... 351 314 352 354 329 -25 6.0 5.3 5.9 5.9 5.5 -0.4

Oklahoma................................. 123 104 115 113 106 -7 6.7 5.7 6.2 6.1 5.8 -0.3

Oregon.................................... 144 111 114 116 112 -4 6.8 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.3 -0.2

Pennsylvania............................. 419 342 386 380 371 -9 6.5 5.3 5.9 5.8 5.7 -0.1

Rhode Island............................. 37 29 31 31 31 0 6.9 5.6 5.9 5.9 5.9 0.0

South Carolina........................... 177 168 170 172 165 -7 7.2 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.7 -0.2

South Dakota............................ 27 25 30 28 25 -3 5.6 5.2 6.1 5.7 5.1 -0.6

Tennessee................................ 245 189 235 293 209 -84 7.0 5.4 6.6 8.1 5.9 -2.2

Texas..................................... 907 774 809 795 761 -34 6.2 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.1 -0.3

Utah....................................... 115 105 121 102 101 -1 6.4 5.7 6.5 5.6 5.5 -0.1

Vermont................................... 24 18 18 20 19 -1 7.3 5.6 5.6 6.1 5.8 -0.3

Virginia.................................... 325 243 264 260 254 -6 7.3 5.5 6.0 5.9 5.7 -0.2

Washington............................... 216 189 184 170 171 1 5.7 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.5 0.0

West Virginia............................. 64 52 53 54 53 -1 8.4 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.0 -0.1

Wisconsin................................. 259 165 211 206 172 -34 8.0 5.2 6.6 6.4 5.4 -1.0

Wyoming.................................. 22 19 19 19 19 0 7.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,164 5,822 5,850 5,904 5,886 -18 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Alabama.................................. 108 97 94 92 77 -15 5.1 4.5 4.4 4.3 3.6 -0.7

Alaska..................................... 18 16 19 18 17 -1 5.6 4.9 5.8 5.5 5.2 -0.3

Arizona.................................... 148 127 130 130 136 6 4.8 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.3 0.2

Arkansas.................................. 60 59 59 59 55 -4 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.0 -0.3

California................................. 619 620 528 560 553 -7 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.1 3.0 -0.1

Colorado.................................. 141 87 100 117 133 16 4.9 3.0 3.4 4.0 4.6 0.6

Connecticut............................... 58 61 62 59 63 4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 0.2

Delaware................................. 26 26 24 25 24 -1 5.5 5.4 5.0 5.1 4.9 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 22 26 24 24 22 -2 2.9 3.4 3.1 3.1 2.8 -0.3

Florida..................................... 376 388 390 427 391 -36 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.4 4.0 -0.4

Georgia................................... 241 236 224 214 230 16 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.7 0.4

Hawaii..................................... 24 21 22 21 21 0 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 0.0

Idaho...................................... 43 38 33 38 38 0 5.2 4.5 3.9 4.4 4.4 0.0

Illinois..................................... 235 210 222 197 225 28 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.7 0.5

Indiana.................................... 135 138 125 122 136 14 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.7 4.1 0.4

Iowa....................................... 66 53 54 52 61 9 4.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.8 0.5

Kansas.................................... 58 56 54 49 50 1 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.4 0.0

Kentucky.................................. 89 82 96 104 76 -28 4.5 4.1 4.7 5.1 3.7 -1.4

Louisiana................................. 91 111 103 108 83 -25 4.7 5.7 5.2 5.5 4.2 -1.3

Maine..................................... 26 23 26 26 26 0 4.1 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0

Maryland.................................. 123 109 105 109 108 -1 4.5 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9 0.0

Massachusetts........................... 139 120 127 125 114 -11 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.0 -0.3

Michigan.................................. 166 166 153 142 148 6 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.3 0.1

Minnesota................................ 107 105 95 111 118 7 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.7 3.9 0.2

Mississippi................................ 55 57 49 53 52 -1 4.7 4.9 4.2 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Missouri................................... 104 99 100 110 112 2 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.7 0.0

Montana.................................. 30 25 24 25 28 3 5.8 4.8 4.6 4.8 5.4 0.6

Nebraska................................. 39 38 38 38 37 -1 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Nevada.................................... 72 64 58 62 64 2 4.7 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.1 0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 28 29 30 29 28 -1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.0 -0.1

New Jersey............................... 143 146 170 163 153 -10 3.4 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.5 -0.3

New Mexico.............................. 37 39 33 34 35 1 4.3 4.5 3.8 3.9 4.0 0.1

New York................................. 281 287 282 274 276 2 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 0.0

North Carolina........................... 225 183 202 194 165 -29 4.6 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.3 -0.6

North Dakota............................. 18 17 17 18 18 0 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 0.0

Ohio....................................... 227 189 214 231 215 -16 4.1 3.4 3.8 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Oklahoma................................. 80 85 81 85 81 -4 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.7 -0.2

Oregon.................................... 94 70 73 76 79 3 4.8 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 175 177 203 220 198 -22 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.6 3.2 -0.4

Rhode Island............................. 20 19 21 21 21 0 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.2 0.0

South Carolina........................... 106 100 107 105 107 2 4.7 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.6 0.1

South Dakota............................ 19 18 18 18 19 1 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1 0.2

Tennessee................................ 166 158 150 159 141 -18 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.3 -0.5

Texas..................................... 578 526 625 550 636 86 4.2 3.8 4.5 3.9 4.5 0.6

Utah....................................... 75 64 59 69 72 3 4.4 3.7 3.4 4.0 4.2 0.2

Vermont................................... 13 11 13 13 13 0 4.3 3.6 4.2 4.2 4.2 0.0

Virginia.................................... 162 179 154 173 158 -15 3.9 4.3 3.7 4.2 3.8 -0.4

Washington............................... 135 123 111 112 118 6 3.8 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2 0.1

West Virginia............................. 39 36 33 34 34 0 5.6 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.8 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 108 100 109 96 109 13 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.6 0.4

Wyoming.................................. 15 13 12 13 13 0 5.2 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.4 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 5,846 5,638 5,687 5,595 5,646 51 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 0.0

Alabama.................................. 92 101 95 86 88 2 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.0 4.1 0.1

Alaska..................................... 22 20 25 18 18 0 6.8 6.1 7.6 5.5 5.5 0.0

Arizona.................................... 152 131 135 135 134 -1 4.9 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Arkansas.................................. 55 56 56 56 53 -3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 -0.2

California................................. 552 496 457 520 517 -3 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Colorado.................................. 115 106 120 100 113 13 4.0 3.6 4.1 3.4 3.9 0.5

Connecticut............................... 46 60 48 51 54 3 2.8 3.5 2.8 3.0 3.2 0.2

Delaware................................. 26 23 22 24 25 1 5.5 4.8 4.5 4.9 5.1 0.2

District of Columbia..................... 26 25 24 23 24 1 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.1 0.2

Florida..................................... 399 363 348 391 386 -5 4.2 3.7 3.6 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Georgia................................... 233 203 201 202 213 11 4.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.3 0.2

Hawaii..................................... 19 21 22 23 18 -5 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 2.8 -0.8

Idaho...................................... 38 39 42 43 38 -5 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.4 -0.6

Illinois..................................... 219 186 231 185 191 6 3.6 3.0 3.8 3.0 3.1 0.1

Indiana.................................... 134 132 127 129 119 -10 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Iowa....................................... 64 60 67 54 53 -1 4.0 3.8 4.2 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Kansas.................................... 56 49 57 56 44 -12 3.9 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.0 -0.9

Kentucky.................................. 76 85 84 88 79 -9 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.3 3.9 -0.4

Louisiana................................. 95 86 102 100 100 0 4.9 4.4 5.2 5.1 5.1 0.0

Maine..................................... 24 22 20 25 30 5 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.9 4.6 0.7

Maryland.................................. 124 103 107 107 111 4 4.6 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 0.1

Massachusetts........................... 100 97 83 82 106 24 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.8 0.6

Michigan.................................. 150 152 153 146 134 -12 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.0 -0.3

Minnesota................................ 112 110 111 119 93 -26 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.1 -0.9

Mississippi................................ 56 60 53 54 54 0 4.8 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.6 0.0

Missouri................................... 107 102 114 114 100 -14 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.3 -0.5

Montana.................................. 29 29 28 30 31 1 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.8 5.9 0.1

Nebraska................................. 37 38 46 38 31 -7 3.6 3.6 4.4 3.6 3.0 -0.6

Nevada.................................... 74 64 65 60 61 1 4.9 4.1 4.2 3.8 3.9 0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 33 30 25 27 30 3 4.8 4.3 3.6 3.8 4.3 0.5

New Jersey............................... 142 153 118 129 181 52 3.3 3.5 2.7 3.0 4.2 1.2

New Mexico.............................. 32 37 34 35 35 0 3.7 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.0 0.0

New York................................. 247 250 257 260 285 25 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.9 0.2

North Carolina........................... 212 202 222 202 194 -8 4.4 4.1 4.5 4.1 3.9 -0.2

North Dakota............................. 18 18 22 18 15 -3 4.2 4.1 5.0 4.1 3.4 -0.7

Ohio....................................... 221 213 221 202 206 4 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.6 0.0

Oklahoma................................. 70 74 71 70 75 5 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.3 0.3

Oregon.................................... 83 76 79 79 80 1 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 173 182 172 177 214 37 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.5 0.6

Rhode Island............................. 21 20 17 19 20 1 4.2 4.1 3.4 3.8 4.0 0.2

South Carolina........................... 95 100 109 113 102 -11 4.2 4.3 4.7 4.9 4.4 -0.5

South Dakota............................ 17 20 20 19 16 -3 3.7 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.4 -0.7

Tennessee................................ 188 143 142 142 154 12 5.7 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.6 0.3

Texas..................................... 552 541 574 524 521 -3 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.7 0.0

Utah....................................... 68 75 81 73 70 -3 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Vermont................................... 11 13 12 12 13 1 3.6 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.2 0.3

Virginia.................................... 167 175 158 147 158 11 4.1 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.8 0.3

Washington............................... 112 136 136 123 106 -17 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.4 2.9 -0.5

West Virginia............................. 33 35 35 35 33 -2 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.7 -0.3

Wisconsin................................. 103 111 121 109 100 -9 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Wyoming.................................. 15 15 16 15 15 0 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.1 5.1 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 4,048 3,619 3,663 3,646 3,628 -18 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Alabama.................................. 69 63 65 56 59 3 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.7 0.1

Alaska..................................... 15 11 13 11 11 0 4.7 3.4 4.0 3.4 3.4 0.0

Arizona.................................... 109 94 86 93 88 -5 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Arkansas.................................. 39 37 39 37 35 -2 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 -0.1

California................................. 378 312 275 316 326 10 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 0.1

Colorado.................................. 71 67 88 65 64 -1 2.5 2.3 3.0 2.2 2.2 0.0

Connecticut............................... 29 33 23 33 27 -6 1.7 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.6 -0.3

Delaware................................. 18 15 15 16 16 0 3.8 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 0.0

District of Columbia..................... 18 16 16 15 14 -1 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.8 -0.1

Florida..................................... 303 273 239 283 269 -14 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.7 -0.2

Georgia................................... 165 143 133 140 143 3 3.4 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.9 0.1

Hawaii..................................... 12 12 14 13 10 -3 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.6 -0.5

Idaho...................................... 26 25 26 28 24 -4 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.3 2.8 -0.5

Illinois..................................... 139 112 118 124 135 11 2.3 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 0.2

Indiana.................................... 87 84 88 85 87 2 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 0.0

Iowa....................................... 44 38 44 34 35 1 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.1 2.2 0.1

Kansas.................................... 38 31 38 33 30 -3 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Kentucky.................................. 57 59 59 60 55 -5 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.7 -0.3

Louisiana................................. 68 58 72 65 61 -4 3.5 3.0 3.7 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Maine..................................... 16 11 11 14 14 0 2.5 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.2 0.0

Maryland.................................. 77 62 71 69 70 1 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.5 0.0

Massachusetts........................... 67 48 46 55 55 0 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 0.0

Michigan.................................. 106 92 92 92 89 -3 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Minnesota................................ 77 70 68 65 65 0 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 0.0

Mississippi................................ 41 37 37 35 37 2 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.2 0.2

Missouri................................... 74 66 75 67 70 3 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.3 0.1

Montana.................................. 19 16 17 18 17 -1 3.7 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Nebraska................................. 24 24 30 24 22 -2 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Nevada.................................... 48 41 42 40 39 -1 3.2 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 -0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 17 15 13 15 16 1 2.5 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.3 0.2

New Jersey............................... 89 90 70 85 85 0 2.1 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.0 0.0

New Mexico.............................. 22 21 22 23 23 0 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 0.0

New York................................. 168 138 127 148 157 9 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 0.1

North Carolina........................... 151 135 141 133 123 -10 3.1 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 -0.2

North Dakota............................. 12 11 14 12 10 -2 2.8 2.5 3.2 2.7 2.3 -0.4

Ohio....................................... 139 137 150 117 131 14 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.3 0.2

Oklahoma................................. 51 50 46 46 50 4 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.9 0.2

Oregon.................................... 56 46 48 50 50 0 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 0.0

Pennsylvania............................. 118 122 112 121 116 -5 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 -0.1

Rhode Island............................. 12 9 9 11 10 -1 2.4 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.0 -0.2

South Carolina........................... 69 69 76 75 66 -9 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.9 -0.3

South Dakota............................ 11 12 13 12 11 -1 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Tennessee................................ 130 95 101 96 106 10 4.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.2 0.3

Texas..................................... 413 373 425 383 384 1 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.7 0.0

Utah....................................... 47 49 56 47 47 0 2.8 2.8 3.2 2.7 2.7 0.0

Vermont................................... 7 7 7 7 7 0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Virginia.................................... 123 109 108 101 102 1 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 0.0

Washington............................... 75 81 76 74 65 -9 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.8 -0.2

West Virginia............................. 25 23 24 23 22 -1 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Wisconsin................................. 70 69 73 72 71 -1 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.0

Wyoming.................................. 10 9 10 10 9 -1 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.1 -0.3

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 1,525 1,681 1,682 1,610 1,642 32 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

Alabama.................................. 20 34 24 25 24 -1 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Alaska..................................... 6 7 10 6 6 0 1.9 2.1 3.1 1.8 1.8 0.0

Arizona.................................... 36 30 43 33 37 4 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.2

Arkansas.................................. 14 16 14 17 14 -3 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

California................................. 131 164 150 162 160 -2 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0

Colorado.................................. 40 34 27 27 40 13 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.5

Connecticut............................... 15 23 20 12 22 10 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.7 1.3 0.6

Delaware................................. 7 7 6 7 7 0 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 0.0

District of Columbia..................... 6 7 6 7 7 0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0

Florida..................................... 80 74 80 89 98 9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.1

Georgia................................... 61 51 57 49 46 -3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Hawaii..................................... 6 6 6 7 6 -1 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Idaho...................................... 11 11 12 11 12 1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.1

Illinois..................................... 67 63 103 52 51 -1 1.1 1.0 1.7 0.8 0.8 0.0

Indiana.................................... 38 42 35 33 29 -4 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Iowa....................................... 15 18 20 17 14 -3 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Kansas.................................... 14 14 18 20 11 -9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.8 -0.6

Kentucky.................................. 16 22 20 24 18 -6 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9 -0.3

Louisiana................................. 22 24 25 30 30 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 0.0

Maine..................................... 7 9 6 7 14 7 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.1 2.2 1.1

Maryland.................................. 42 34 28 32 30 -2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Massachusetts........................... 30 44 25 18 41 23 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.6

Michigan.................................. 37 51 56 48 38 -10 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Minnesota................................ 29 31 39 48 24 -24 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.6 0.8 -0.8

Mississippi................................ 13 20 13 17 13 -4 1.1 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.1 -0.3

Missouri................................... 26 28 33 41 25 -16 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.8 -0.6

Montana.................................. 9 9 9 8 12 4 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.3 0.8

Nebraska................................. 10 11 14 12 8 -4 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.8 -0.3

Nevada.................................... 23 18 19 16 17 1 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 15 13 9 8 11 3 2.2 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.6 0.5

New Jersey............................... 47 55 35 33 84 51 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.9 1.1

New Mexico.............................. 9 12 10 9 10 1 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.1

New York................................. 67 99 112 94 103 9 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.1

North Carolina........................... 52 51 68 64 52 -12 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.1 -0.2

North Dakota............................. 5 6 7 6 4 -2 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.4 0.9 -0.5

Ohio....................................... 70 65 65 74 66 -8 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Oklahoma................................. 17 19 21 21 18 -3 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Oregon.................................... 24 23 24 22 25 3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 48 52 48 46 84 38 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 0.7

Rhode Island............................. 8 9 7 6 8 2 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.6 0.4

South Carolina........................... 23 27 28 35 30 -5 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.3 -0.2

South Dakota............................ 4 6 6 6 4 -2 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.9 -0.4

Tennessee................................ 53 43 34 42 39 -3 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Texas..................................... 125 119 126 123 112 -11 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Utah....................................... 18 22 21 20 19 -1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Vermont................................... 3 5 3 3 5 2 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.6 0.6

Virginia.................................... 39 57 40 42 44 2 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1

Washington............................... 33 46 45 39 34 -5 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 -0.2

West Virginia............................. 7 10 9 10 8 -2 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.1 -0.3

Wisconsin................................. 27 33 42 32 24 -8 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.8 -0.3

Wyoming.................................. 4 4 5 4 5 1 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.7 0.3

p Preliminary
Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 11,004 9,392 9,211 6.6 5.6 5.5

Alabama................................................................. 158 139 130 6.9 6.1 5.7

Alaska................................................................... 20 21 19 6.0 6.0 5.6

Arizona.................................................................. 263 191 212 7.7 5.7 6.2

Arkansas................................................................ 98 95 80 6.7 6.5 5.5

California................................................................ 1,303 878 885 6.8 4.6 4.6

Colorado................................................................ 249 188 228 7.9 6.1 7.2

Connecticut............................................................. 114 100 89 6.3 5.5 4.9

Delaware................................................................ 40 32 34 7.7 6.2 6.4

District of Columbia.................................................... 42 47 39 5.2 5.6 4.8

Florida................................................................... 596 581 596 5.9 5.6 5.7

Georgia.................................................................. 403 351 347 7.7 6.6 6.5

Hawaii................................................................... 35 32 30 5.2 4.8 4.5

Idaho.................................................................... 67 51 60 7.4 5.6 6.4

Illinois.................................................................... 362 373 327 5.6 5.7 5.0

Indiana.................................................................. 215 170 163 6.2 4.9 4.7

Iowa..................................................................... 136 86 97 7.8 5.1 5.7

Kansas.................................................................. 99 82 81 6.4 5.3 5.2

Kentucky................................................................ 138 133 118 6.5 6.1 5.5

Louisiana................................................................ 165 140 134 7.8 6.6 6.3

Maine.................................................................... 45 41 43 6.5 5.8 6.1

Maryland................................................................ 201 181 180 6.9 6.1 6.1

Massachusetts......................................................... 281 249 263 7.0 6.2 6.5

Michigan................................................................ 275 272 218 5.8 5.8 4.7

Minnesota............................................................... 214 199 202 6.7 6.2 6.2

Mississippi.............................................................. 86 89 82 6.8 7.1 6.5

Missouri................................................................. 203 181 170 6.4 5.7 5.4

Montana................................................................. 45 36 39 8.0 6.5 7.0

Nebraska................................................................ 61 60 54 5.5 5.5 4.9

Nevada.................................................................. 111 100 96 6.7 6.0 5.7

New Hampshire........................................................ 55 40 38 7.3 5.4 5.1

New Jersey............................................................. 277 238 221 6.1 5.2 4.8

New Mexico............................................................ 73 57 68 7.8 6.1 7.2

New York............................................................... 558 464 500 5.5 4.6 4.9

North Carolina.......................................................... 400 305 318 7.6 5.8 6.0

North Dakota........................................................... 29 30 26 6.3 6.4 5.6

Ohio..................................................................... 366 346 339 6.2 5.8 5.6

Oklahoma............................................................... 132 123 111 7.1 6.6 6.0

Oregon.................................................................. 155 126 128 7.3 5.9 6.0

Pennsylvania........................................................... 432 365 388 6.6 5.6 5.9

Rhode Island........................................................... 37 32 31 6.8 5.9 5.8

South Carolina......................................................... 189 166 179 7.7 6.7 7.2

South Dakota........................................................... 28 28 25 5.7 5.7 5.1

Tennessee.............................................................. 244 291 209 6.9 8.0 5.9

Texas.................................................................... 961 824 801 6.5 5.6 5.4

Utah..................................................................... 118 101 108 6.5 5.5 5.8

Vermont................................................................. 24 17 20 7.2 5.2 6.0

Virginia.................................................................. 333 272 261 7.5 6.1 5.9

Washington............................................................. 223 169 186 5.9 4.4 4.8

West Virginia........................................................... 65 62 53 8.5 8.1 6.9

Wisconsin............................................................... 259 221 165 7.9 6.8 5.2

Wyoming................................................................ 20 18 18 6.6 5.8 5.8

p Preliminary
Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 6,599 5,932 6,252 4.3 3.8 4.0

Alabama................................................................. 126 99 89 5.9 4.6 4.1

Alaska................................................................... 13 14 12 4.1 4.1 3.6

Arizona.................................................................. 166 132 155 5.3 4.2 4.9

Arkansas................................................................ 64 66 56 4.7 4.8 4.1

California................................................................ 735 554 658 4.1 3.1 3.6

Colorado................................................................ 141 107 140 4.9 3.7 4.8

Connecticut............................................................. 59 61 65 3.5 3.6 3.8

Delaware................................................................ 31 22 28 6.4 4.6 5.7

District of Columbia.................................................... 24 28 23 3.1 3.6 2.9

Florida................................................................... 434 435 444 4.5 4.5 4.5

Georgia.................................................................. 255 207 242 5.2 4.2 4.9

Hawaii................................................................... 24 22 21 3.8 3.5 3.3

Idaho.................................................................... 44 39 40 5.3 4.5 4.6

Illinois.................................................................... 242 185 229 3.9 3.0 3.7

Indiana.................................................................. 135 115 135 4.2 3.5 4.1

Iowa..................................................................... 72 53 67 4.5 3.3 4.2

Kansas.................................................................. 63 47 54 4.3 3.2 3.7

Kentucky................................................................ 92 107 78 4.6 5.2 3.8

Louisiana................................................................ 103 108 92 5.3 5.5 4.6

Maine.................................................................... 24 23 24 3.7 3.4 3.6

Maryland................................................................ 128 109 112 4.7 3.9 4.0

Massachusetts......................................................... 143 146 115 3.8 3.9 3.0

Michigan................................................................ 167 138 146 3.8 3.1 3.3

Minnesota............................................................... 109 103 125 3.6 3.4 4.1

Mississippi.............................................................. 58 54 53 4.9 4.6 4.5

Missouri................................................................. 108 114 118 3.6 3.8 3.9

Montana................................................................. 30 25 29 5.9 4.8 5.5

Nebraska................................................................ 41 36 37 3.9 3.4 3.5

Nevada.................................................................. 80 64 72 5.2 4.1 4.5

New Hampshire........................................................ 27 25 26 3.9 3.6 3.7

New Jersey............................................................. 154 186 161 3.6 4.3 3.7

New Mexico............................................................ 40 32 37 4.6 3.7 4.3

New York............................................................... 294 289 283 3.0 3.0 2.9

North Carolina.......................................................... 245 188 173 5.0 3.8 3.5

North Dakota........................................................... 18 20 18 4.2 4.5 4.0

Ohio..................................................................... 235 233 222 4.2 4.1 3.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 84 92 84 4.9 5.3 4.8

Oregon.................................................................. 101 88 88 5.1 4.4 4.4

Pennsylvania........................................................... 182 221 205 3.0 3.6 3.3

Rhode Island........................................................... 21 21 21 4.1 4.3 4.3

South Carolina......................................................... 118 100 117 5.2 4.3 5.0

South Dakota........................................................... 18 17 19 4.0 3.6 4.0

Tennessee.............................................................. 178 153 148 5.4 4.6 4.4

Texas.................................................................... 593 542 653 4.3 3.9 4.6

Utah..................................................................... 80 71 78 4.7 4.1 4.5

Vermont................................................................. 13 10 13 4.3 3.4 4.3

Virginia.................................................................. 184 172 171 4.5 4.1 4.1

Washington............................................................. 141 117 124 3.9 3.2 3.4

West Virginia........................................................... 39 39 34 5.6 5.5 4.8

Wisconsin............................................................... 107 90 109 3.6 3.0 3.6

Wyoming................................................................ 14 12 12 4.9 4.2 4.1

p Preliminary
Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 5,848 5,828 5,659 3.8 3.7 3.6

Alabama................................................................. 95 89 90 4.5 4.1 4.2

Alaska................................................................... 30 27 26 9.4 8.0 8.1

Arizona.................................................................. 140 116 124 4.5 3.6 3.9

Arkansas................................................................ 53 53 51 3.9 3.9 3.7

California................................................................ 541 516 504 3.0 2.9 2.8

Colorado................................................................ 113 115 113 3.9 4.0 3.9

Connecticut............................................................. 44 59 51 2.6 3.5 3.0

Delaware................................................................ 30 29 29 6.2 5.9 5.8

District of Columbia.................................................... 28 23 25 3.6 2.9 3.2

Florida................................................................... 389 371 381 4.1 3.8 3.9

Georgia.................................................................. 222 202 199 4.6 4.1 4.0

Hawaii................................................................... 17 26 16 2.7 4.1 2.5

Idaho.................................................................... 43 50 42 5.1 5.8 4.9

Illinois.................................................................... 231 191 204 3.8 3.1 3.3

Indiana.................................................................. 133 127 117 4.1 3.9 3.5

Iowa..................................................................... 69 58 57 4.3 3.6 3.6

Kansas.................................................................. 55 58 42 3.8 4.0 2.9

Kentucky................................................................ 74 88 72 3.7 4.3 3.5

Louisiana................................................................ 87 104 89 4.5 5.3 4.5

Maine.................................................................... 25 32 34 3.9 4.9 5.2

Maryland................................................................ 124 120 114 4.6 4.3 4.1

Massachusetts......................................................... 98 117 108 2.6 3.1 2.8

Michigan................................................................ 156 164 137 3.5 3.7 3.1

Minnesota............................................................... 112 127 94 3.7 4.2 3.1

Mississippi.............................................................. 54 53 52 4.6 4.5 4.4

Missouri................................................................. 104 116 97 3.5 3.9 3.2

Montana................................................................. 32 37 36 6.3 7.0 6.8

Nebraska................................................................ 38 39 33 3.6 3.8 3.1

Nevada.................................................................. 75 57 61 4.9 3.6 3.9

New Hampshire........................................................ 33 32 33 4.7 4.6 4.7

New Jersey............................................................. 148 167 192 3.5 3.8 4.4

New Mexico............................................................ 31 34 34 3.6 4.0 3.9

New York............................................................... 240 287 282 2.5 2.9 2.9

North Carolina.......................................................... 214 209 193 4.4 4.2 3.9

North Dakota........................................................... 18 19 15 4.2 4.3 3.4

Ohio..................................................................... 232 215 220 4.2 3.8 3.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 70 67 75 4.1 3.8 4.3

Oregon.................................................................. 85 83 84 4.3 4.1 4.2

Pennsylvania........................................................... 165 177 208 2.7 2.9 3.4

Rhode Island........................................................... 21 22 22 4.3 4.4 4.4

South Carolina......................................................... 99 118 106 4.4 5.1 4.5

South Dakota........................................................... 19 25 18 4.1 5.2 3.8

Tennessee.............................................................. 188 144 160 5.7 4.3 4.8

Texas.................................................................... 547 530 517 4.0 3.8 3.7

Utah..................................................................... 65 75 65 3.8 4.4 3.7

Vermont................................................................. 10 13 12 3.1 4.3 3.8

Virginia.................................................................. 173 158 163 4.2 3.8 3.9

Washington............................................................. 124 124 112 3.5 3.4 3.1

West Virginia........................................................... 35 33 34 5.0 4.6 4.8

Wisconsin............................................................... 101 118 98 3.4 3.9 3.2

Wyoming................................................................ 18 18 17 6.3 6.0 5.8

p Preliminary
Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 4,111 3,839 3,683 2.7 2.4 2.3

Alabama................................................................. 74 57 62 3.4 2.6 2.9

Alaska................................................................... 20 16 16 6.3 4.8 5.0

Arizona.................................................................. 102 83 82 3.3 2.6 2.6

Arkansas................................................................ 39 35 34 2.9 2.5 2.5

California................................................................ 375 329 329 2.1 1.8 1.8

Colorado................................................................ 73 79 63 2.5 2.7 2.1

Connecticut............................................................. 30 34 26 1.8 2.0 1.5

Delaware................................................................ 22 19 19 4.6 3.9 3.9

District of Columbia.................................................... 20 15 15 2.6 1.9 2.0

Florida................................................................... 300 274 271 3.1 2.8 2.7

Georgia.................................................................. 158 141 136 3.3 2.9 2.7

Hawaii................................................................... 11 15 9 1.8 2.4 1.4

Idaho.................................................................... 29 35 25 3.4 4.0 2.9

Illinois.................................................................... 151 134 150 2.5 2.2 2.4

Indiana.................................................................. 87 82 86 2.7 2.5 2.6

Iowa..................................................................... 47 35 38 2.9 2.2 2.4

Kansas.................................................................. 38 33 29 2.6 2.3 2.0

Kentucky................................................................ 55 61 49 2.7 3.0 2.4

Louisiana................................................................ 64 66 53 3.3 3.3 2.7

Maine.................................................................... 17 19 15 2.7 2.8 2.3

Maryland................................................................ 80 74 74 2.9 2.7 2.6

Massachusetts......................................................... 67 74 56 1.8 2.0 1.5

Michigan................................................................ 112 102 93 2.5 2.3 2.1

Minnesota............................................................... 78 72 65 2.6 2.4 2.1

Mississippi.............................................................. 41 32 37 3.5 2.7 3.2

Missouri................................................................. 73 71 70 2.5 2.4 2.3

Montana................................................................. 21 24 19 4.1 4.7 3.6

Nebraska................................................................ 25 25 22 2.4 2.4 2.1

Nevada.................................................................. 48 38 39 3.2 2.5 2.5

New Hampshire........................................................ 17 19 16 2.5 2.7 2.3

New Jersey............................................................. 97 109 94 2.3 2.5 2.2

New Mexico............................................................ 21 23 22 2.4 2.7 2.5

New York............................................................... 158 153 151 1.6 1.6 1.5

North Carolina.......................................................... 165 139 134 3.4 2.8 2.7

North Dakota........................................................... 12 12 11 2.7 2.8 2.4

Ohio..................................................................... 143 130 135 2.6 2.3 2.4

Oklahoma............................................................... 52 45 52 3.0 2.6 3.0

Oregon.................................................................. 58 57 52 2.9 2.8 2.6

Pennsylvania........................................................... 116 122 113 1.9 2.0 1.8

Rhode Island........................................................... 12 13 10 2.4 2.5 2.0

South Carolina......................................................... 73 80 67 3.2 3.5 2.9

South Dakota........................................................... 13 16 12 2.8 3.4 2.6

Tennessee.............................................................. 129 98 111 3.9 2.9 3.3

Texas.................................................................... 421 390 393 3.1 2.8 2.8

Utah..................................................................... 44 52 43 2.6 3.0 2.5

Vermont................................................................. 6 8 6 2.0 2.4 1.8

Virginia.................................................................. 130 107 107 3.1 2.6 2.6

Washington............................................................. 83 79 68 2.3 2.2 1.8

West Virginia........................................................... 26 21 23 3.7 3.0 3.2

Wisconsin............................................................... 68 80 68 2.3 2.6 2.3

Wyoming................................................................ 12 12 10 4.2 4.1 3.4

p Preliminary
Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 1,496 1,655 1,617 1.0 1.1 1.0

Alabama................................................................. 18 28 22 0.9 1.3 1.0

Alaska................................................................... 9 8 8 2.8 2.4 2.6

Arizona.................................................................. 33 24 35 1.0 0.8 1.1

Arkansas................................................................ 12 16 13 0.9 1.2 0.9

California................................................................ 123 148 149 0.7 0.8 0.8

Colorado................................................................ 36 28 40 1.3 1.0 1.4

Connecticut............................................................. 12 18 20 0.7 1.1 1.2

Delaware................................................................ 7 9 7 1.5 1.8 1.5

District of Columbia.................................................... 5 6 6 0.7 0.8 0.8

Florida................................................................... 73 84 90 0.8 0.9 0.9

Georgia.................................................................. 58 47 41 1.2 1.0 0.8

Hawaii................................................................... 5 7 5 0.8 1.1 0.8

Idaho.................................................................... 12 11 14 1.5 1.3 1.6

Illinois.................................................................... 67 48 50 1.1 0.8 0.8

Indiana.................................................................. 37 33 27 1.1 1.0 0.8

Iowa..................................................................... 18 20 17 1.1 1.2 1.1

Kansas.................................................................. 13 21 11 0.9 1.5 0.7

Kentucky................................................................ 16 23 17 0.8 1.1 0.8

Louisiana................................................................ 19 33 27 1.0 1.7 1.4

Maine.................................................................... 7 9 16 1.1 1.4 2.4

Maryland................................................................ 40 40 29 1.5 1.5 1.0

Massachusetts......................................................... 28 32 41 0.7 0.8 1.1

Michigan................................................................ 38 55 38 0.9 1.2 0.8

Minnesota............................................................... 29 48 25 1.0 1.6 0.8

Mississippi.............................................................. 11 18 11 1.0 1.6 0.9

Missouri................................................................. 24 40 23 0.8 1.3 0.7

Montana................................................................. 10 9 15 1.9 1.7 2.8

Nebraska................................................................ 11 12 9 1.0 1.2 0.9

Nevada.................................................................. 25 14 19 1.7 0.9 1.2

New Hampshire........................................................ 15 10 13 2.2 1.4 1.9

New Jersey............................................................. 46 44 85 1.1 1.0 1.9

New Mexico............................................................ 9 8 9 1.0 0.9 1.1

New York............................................................... 74 116 109 0.8 1.2 1.1

North Carolina.......................................................... 42 65 41 0.9 1.3 0.8

North Dakota........................................................... 6 5 4 1.3 1.2 0.9

Ohio..................................................................... 80 72 78 1.4 1.3 1.4

Oklahoma............................................................... 16 19 17 0.9 1.1 1.0

Oregon.................................................................. 24 19 26 1.2 0.9 1.3

Pennsylvania........................................................... 42 44 80 0.7 0.7 1.3

Rhode Island........................................................... 9 7 10 1.8 1.4 2.0

South Carolina......................................................... 23 35 30 1.0 1.5 1.3

South Dakota........................................................... 5 7 5 1.1 1.5 1.0

Tennessee.............................................................. 54 41 41 1.6 1.2 1.2

Texas.................................................................... 112 122 98 0.8 0.9 0.7

Utah..................................................................... 19 17 19 1.1 1.0 1.1

Vermont................................................................. 3 4 5 0.9 1.3 1.5

Virginia.................................................................. 40 46 45 1.0 1.1 1.1

Washington............................................................. 37 35 38 1.0 1.0 1.1

West Virginia........................................................... 8 9 8 1.1 1.3 1.2

Wisconsin............................................................... 28 32 25 0.9 1.1 0.8

Wyoming................................................................ 5 4 6 1.9 1.3 1.9

p Preliminary