For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, March 23, 2011 USDL-11-0395 

Technical Information: (202) 691-5618 • dipsweb@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lpc 

Media Contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY: 

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, 2009 

Labor productivity – defined as output per hour – rose in 28 percent of the 86 detailed manufacturing 

industries studied in 2009, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was down from 38 

percent of the detailed manufacturing industries in 2008 and 56 percent in 2007. Unit labor costs, which 

reflect the total labor costs required to produce a unit of output, declined in 14 percent of the industries 

in 2009. 

Output and hours also rose in fewer industries in 2009 than in the previous two years. (See chart 1.) 

Output rose in 7 of the 86 industries in 2009, while hours increased in only 1. (See table 1.) Output and 

hours declined at double-digit rates in over 7 out of 10 industries studied. 

Productivity increased the most in seafood product preparation and packaging and in agricultural 

chemical manufacturing. In both industries, hours declined while output increased. Productivity fell the 

most in audio and video equipment manufacturing, where output declined much more than hours. 

Industry labor productivity measures are updated as data become available. Productivity measures for 

industries in other sectors can be accessed on the BLS Labor Productivity and Costs web site at 

www.bls.gov/lpc. 

0

20

40

60

2007 2008 2009

Percent of Industries

Chart 1. Percent of manufacturing industries with increases in productivity, 

output, and hours, 2007-2009

Increasing Productivity Increasing Output Increasing Hours
‐ 2 ‐ 

Labor productivity increased in only 5 of the 21 3-digit NAICS manufacturing industries in 2009. Chart 

2 shows the range of productivity changes for all 3-digit manufacturing industries. Output fell in all but 

one of these industries, and hours declined in all of them. Unit labor costs fell in 3 of the industries. 

The industry productivity performance in 2009 contrasts with industry productivity performance over 

the longer term. Between 1987 and 2009, labor productivity increased in 93 percent of the detailed 

manufacturing industries and unit labor costs declined in 14 percent of the industries. Chart 3 below 

shows a significantly more negative distribution of productivity growth rates in the most recent year 

compared to those for the longer-term period from 1987 to 2009. 

Chart 3. Distribution of average annual percent change in output per hour, 1987-2009 and 2008-2009 

3.7

3.5

2.8

0.7

0.3

-0.2

-1.0

-2.1

-2.5

-2.6

-4.1

-4.6

-5.4

-6.1

-7.0

-8.3

-9.6

-11.4

-11.5

-13.1

-16.8

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5

Beverages and tobacco products

Food

Petroleum and coal products

Paper and paper products

Miscellaneous manufacturing

Textile mills

Plastics and rubber products

Computer and electronic products

Wood products

Transportation equipment

Printing and related support activities

Electrical equipment and appliances

Chemicals

Machinery

Nonmetallic mineral products

Fabricated metal products

Furniture and related products

Leather and allied products

Textile product mills

Primary metals

Apparel

Percent change

Chart 2. Percent change in output per hour in 3-digit NAICS manufacturing industries, 2008-2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

Number of Industries

Average Annual Percent Change

1987-2009

Annual Percent Change

2008-2009
-3-

Technical Note

Labor Productivity: The industry labor productivity measures describe the relationship between 

industry output and the labor time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to 

period in the amount of goods and services produced per hour. Although the labor productivity measures 

relate output to hours of all persons in an industry, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor 

or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including 

changes in technology; capital investment; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the use of 

purchased services inputs, including contract employment services; the organization of production; 

managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the workforce. 

Output: Industry output is measured as an annual-weighted index of the changes in the various 

products (in real terms) provided for sale outside the industry. Real industry output is usually derived by 

deflating nominal sales or values of production using BLS price indexes, but for some industries it is 

measured by physical quantities of output. For manufacturing industries, industry output reflects sectoral 

value of production, derived by adjusting shipments for changes in inventories and removing intraindustry transactions. 

Industry output measures are constructed primarily using data from the economic censuses and annual 

surveys of the Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, together with information on price 

changes primarily from BLS. 

Labor Hours: The primary source of data on industry employment and hours is the BLS Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. The CES provides monthly data on the number of total and 

production worker jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments, as well as data on 

the average weekly hours of production workers in those establishments. CES data are supplemented 

with data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) to estimate employment and hours of selfemployed and unpaid family workers in each industry. Data from the CPS, together with the CES data, 

are also used to estimate the historical average weekly hours of nonproduction workers for each 

industry. CES and CPS data are supplemented or further disaggregated for some industries using data 

from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), the Bureau of the Census, or other 

sources. Hours of all persons in an industry are treated as homogeneous and are directly aggregated. 

Unit Labor Costs: Unit labor costs represent the cost of labor required to produce one unit of output. 

The unit labor cost indexes are computed by dividing an index of industry labor compensation by an 

index of real industry output. Unit labor costs also describe the relationship between compensation per 

hour and real output per hour (labor productivity). Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor 

costs; increases in labor productivity offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs. 

Compensation, defined as payroll plus supplemental payments, is a measure of the cost to the employer 

of securing the services of labor. Payroll includes salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, 

vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind. Supplemental payments include legally required 

expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally required portion consists primarily of 

Federal old age and survivors’ insurance, unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation. 

Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not specifically required by legislation, such as 

the employer portion of private health insurance and pension plans. 
‐ 4 ‐ 

Revisions: This news release incorporates data from the 2009 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) 

and the November 2010 Subject Series Revision to the 2007 Economic Census, both published by the 

Census Bureau. The labor productivity and output series for all industries have been revised for 2008 

and earlier years as a result. This news release also incorporates the annual benchmark revision of the 

BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey published in February 2011. The industries included 

in this release are classified according to the 2007 NAICS. All of the measures for 2009 in this release 

are preliminary and subject to revision. 

Additional Information: While the rates of change reported by BLS in this news release are rounded to 

one decimal place, all industry productivity percent changes are calculated using index numbers rounded 

to three decimal places. 

Year-to-year movements in industry productivity may be erratic, particularly in smaller industries. The 

annual measures based on sample data may differ from measures generated by a census of 

establishments in the industry. Annual changes in an industry’s output and use of labor may reflect 

cyclical changes in the economy as well as long-term trends. As a result, long-term productivity trends 

tend to be more reliable indicators of industry performance than year-to-year changes. 

Industry productivity and related indexes and rates of change can be accessed online by visiting the 

Labor Productivity and Costs web site at www.bls.gov/lpc. Levels of industry employment, hours, labor 

compensation, and value of production, and the implicit price deflator for output for these industries, are 

available by calling the Division of Industry Productivity Studies (202-691-5618) or by sending an 

e-mail to dipsweb@bls.gov. Information in this report will be made available to sensory-impaired 

individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5618; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-

877-8339. 

To subscribe to the industry productivity program’s electronic notification service, send an e-mail to 

dipsnews@bls.gov with the word “subscribe” in the subject line. 
2009 

NAICS Industry Employment Output Labor Unit labor

code (thousands) per hour Output Hours compensation costs

Manufacturing

311 Food 1491 3.5 0.5 -2.9 0.3 -0.2

3111 Animal food 53 5.9 3.5 -2.3 -1.1 -4.4

3112 Grain and oilseed milling 60 8.4 6.4 -1.8 2.2 -3.9

3113 Sugar and confectionery products 73 3.0 -4.6 -7.4 0.3 5.1

3114 Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty 175 -5.4 -3.3 2.2 2.4 5.9

3115 Dairy products 133 6.2 1.9 -4.1 3.8 1.8

3116 Animal slaughtering and processing 500 3.1 0.6 -2.4 0.7 0.0

3117 Seafood product preparation and packaging 38 18.3 5.7 -10.6 -5.9 -10.9

3118 Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing 296 1.7 -1.4 -3.0 -3.5 -2.1

3119 Other food products 163 4.6 -1.1 -5.5 0.3 1.4

312 Beverages and tobacco products 195 3.7 -8.0 -11.3 -9.5 -1.7

3121 Beverages 176 9.1 -1.9 -10.1 -6.5 -4.6

3122 Tobacco and tobacco products 19 -1.9 -22.2 -20.7 -25.1 -3.8

313 Textile mills 135 -0.2 -18.1 -18.0 -18.4 -0.4

3131 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 31 -7.2 -24.4 -18.5 -21.5 3.9

3132 Fabric mills 60 3.7 -14.9 -17.9 -16.1 -1.4

3133 Textile and fabric finishing mills 44 -3.4 -20.4 -17.6 -20.3 0.1

314 Textile product mills 144 -11.5 -24.7 -14.9 -18.0 8.9

3141 Textile furnishings mills 69 -14.6 -27.9 -15.5 -18.8 12.6

3149 Other textile product mills 75 -5.9 -19.3 -14.3 -17.2 2.6

315 Apparel 192 -16.8 -27.6 -13.0 -22.3 7.3

3151 Apparel knitting mills 24 -0.4 -25.8 -25.6 -16.3 12.9

3152 Cut and sew apparel 153 -22.0 -30.3 -10.6 -24.4 8.4

3159 Accessories and other apparel 15 0.1 -12.0 -12.1 -10.8 1.5

316 Leather and allied products 33 -11.4 -22.5 -12.5 -16.2 8.1

3161 Leather and hide tanning and finishing 4 -16.9 -29.2 -14.8 -27.0 3.1

3162 Footwear 15 -5.5 -19.1 -14.4 -12.6 8.1

3169 Other leather products 14 -15.2 -23.4 -9.7 -15.4 10.5

321 Wood products 389 -2.5 -23.9 -21.9 -23.5 0.5

3211 Sawmills and wood preservation 84 7.3 -14.3 -20.1 -19.4 -6.0

3212 Plywood and engineered wood products 68 -2.2 -28.2 -26.6 -29.1 -1.2

3219 Other wood products 237 -6.3 -26.1 -21.1 -23.0 4.2

322 Paper and paper products 408 0.7 -10.7 -11.3 -7.9 3.2

3221 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 118 -1.4 -9.2 -7.9 -3.7 6.0

3222 Converted paper products 290 1.6 -11.3 -12.7 -10.5 1.0

323 Printing and related support activities 550 -4.1 -14.9 -11.3 -14.8 0.2

3231 Printing and related support activities 550 -4.1 -14.9 -11.3 -14.8 0.2

324 Petroleum and coal products 117 2.8 -2.6 -5.3 0.4 3.2

3241 Petroleum and coal products 117 2.8 -2.6 -5.3 0.4 3.2

325 Chemicals 807 -5.4 -10.7 -5.6 -5.3 6.1

3251 Basic chemicals 146 -12.1 -16.7 -5.3 -7.4 11.2

3252 Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers 92 -7.3 -17.3 -10.9 -9.3 9.7

3253 Agricultural chemicals 37 14.1 12.3 -1.5 -3.7 -14.2

3254 Pharmaceuticals and medicines 285 -4.6 -6.7 -2.3 -1.5 5.6

3255 Paints, coatings, and adhesives 57 -6.3 -17.1 -11.5 -10.1 8.4

3256 Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries 103 -0.5 -7.6 -7.1 -5.8 1.9

3259 Other chemical products and preparations 87 -4.8 -10.6 -6.1 -6.5 4.6

326 Plastics and rubber products 631 -1.0 -17.2 -16.4 -13.3 4.7

3261 Plastics products 506 -1.1 -17.3 -16.4 -13.4 4.7

3262 Rubber products 124 -0.5 -16.8 -16.4 -13.0 4.6

Table 1. Percent change in output per hour, output, hours, compensation, and unit labor costs, 2008-2009

Percent change, 2008-2009
2009 

NAICS Industry Employment Output Labor Unit labor

code (thousands) per hour Output Hours compensation costs

327 Nonmetallic mineral products 409 -7.0 -23.0 -17.3 -17.9 6.7

3271 Clay products and refractories 51 -14.6 -28.1 -15.9 -26.1 2.9

3272 Glass and glass products 89 3.1 -14.4 -17.0 -10.2 4.9

3273 Cement and concrete products 186 -10.4 -27.6 -19.2 -20.7 9.7

3274 Lime and gypsum products 15 -7.1 -22.1 -16.2 -21.9 0.4

3279 Other nonmetallic mineral products 69 -5.7 -18.3 -13.4 -15.3 3.7

331 Primary metals 365 -13.1 -30.3 -19.7 -19.1 16.0

3311 Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production 86 -22.4 -34.7 -15.8 -20.4 21.9

3312 Steel products from purchased steel 51 -15.6 -31.6 -19.0 -19.8 17.2

3313 Alumina and aluminum production 56 -5.1 -21.8 -17.5 -18.6 4.1

3314 Other nonferrous metal production 58 -14.5 -24.6 -11.8 -11.0 17.9

3315 Foundries 114 1.8 -26.2 -27.5 -21.7 6.0

332 Fabricated metal products 1344 -8.3 -23.3 -16.3 -16.5 8.9

3321 Forging and stamping 89 -6.8 -26.7 -21.3 -18.1 11.7

3322 Cutlery and hand tools 45 -11.8 -19.5 -8.7 -19.3 0.2

3323 Architectural and structural metals 351 -9.2 -23.5 -15.8 -18.1 7.1

3324 Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers 89 -4.4 -16.4 -12.6 -14.8 1.9

3325 Hardware 25 -13.2 -27.6 -16.7 -17.6 13.8

3326 Spring and wire products 44 -4.3 -22.2 -18.7 -15.8 8.3

3327 Machine shops and threaded products 323 -11.6 -25.7 -15.9 -18.8 9.2

3328 Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals 123 -6.2 -26.5 -21.6 -17.6 12.1

3329 Other fabricated metal products 255 -7.3 -21.4 -15.2 -9.9 14.6

333 Machinery 1037 -6.1 -22.3 -17.3 -13.7 11.1

3331 Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery 215 -11.2 -23.5 -13.8 -12.5 14.3

3332 Industrial machinery 103 -8.5 -27.5 -20.8 -12.6 20.5

3333 Commercial and service industry machinery 97 -3.1 -13.3 -10.6 -7.0 7.3

3334 HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment 129 0.9 -17.5 -18.3 -10.7 8.3

3335 Metalworking machinery 160 -8.6 -29.9 -23.4 -21.6 11.9

3336 Turbine and power transmission equipment 95 -13.0 -24.5 -13.3 -14.6 13.2

3339 Other general purpose machinery 238 -3.3 -20.7 -18.0 -13.4 9.2

334 Computer and electronic products 1145 -2.1 -12.0 -10.1 -7.7 4.9

3341 Computer and peripheral equipment 168 -0.3 -10.3 -10.0 -12.4 -2.4

3342 Communications equipment 122 -15.4 -18.8 -4.0 -11.3 9.3

3343 Audio and video equipment 24 -33.3 -45.6 -18.5 -26.5 35.1

3344 Semiconductors and electronic components 381 -3.9 -17.2 -13.8 -13.1 4.9

3345 Electronic instruments 422 1.0 -6.1 -7.1 -1.7 4.7

3346 Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction 29 10.7 -12.5 -21.0 -9.8 3.1

335 Electrical equipment and appliances 376 -4.6 -19.8 -15.9 -12.3 9.3

3351 Electric lighting equipment 49 -0.9 -19.8 -19.1 -10.0 12.2

3352 Household appliances 60 1.3 -17.2 -18.2 -13.1 4.9

3353 Electrical equipment 146 -6.3 -19.9 -14.4 -13.3 8.2

3359 Other electrical equipment and components 122 -7.0 -21.1 -15.1 -11.8 11.7

336 Transportation equipment 1362 -2.6 -19.0 -16.8 -11.9 8.7

3361 Motor vehicles 147 -4.3 -30.2 -27.1 -24.0 8.9

3362 Motor vehicle bodies and trailers 106 -7.1 -30.9 -25.6 -25.5 7.8

3363 Motor vehicle parts 420 -0.5 -25.6 -25.2 -24.3 1.7

3364 Aerospace products and parts 496 3.0 0.8 -2.1 1.5 0.7

3365 Railroad rolling stock 23 2.1 -25.9 -27.4 -11.0 20.0

3366 Ship and boat building 132 5.0 -14.3 -18.4 -3.7 12.4

3369 Other transportation equipment 40 -15.3 -18.6 -3.8 -2.0 20.4

337 Furniture and related products 420 -9.6 -26.5 -18.7 -22.5 5.4

3371 Household and institutional furniture 273 -10.2 -28.3 -20.1 -24.4 5.4

3372 Office furniture and fixtures 108 -13.0 -29.2 -18.6 -21.7 10.6

3379 Other furniture-related products 39 -2.8 -10.5 -7.9 -11.9 -1.6

339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 649 0.3 -8.6 -8.9 -5.8 3.1

3391 Medical equipment and supplies 321 -0.7 -2.1 -1.4 -0.7 1.5

3399 Other miscellaneous manufacturing 328 -0.7 -16.4 -15.8 -11.9 5.4

 

Percent change, 2008-2009

Table 1. Percent change in output per hour, output, hours, compensation, and unit labor costs, 2008-2009
NAICS Industry Output Labor Unit labor

code per hour Output Hours compensation costs

Manufacturing

311 Food 1.2 1.3 0.2 3.0 1.6

3111 Animal food 3.0 2.2 -0.8 3.2 1.0

3112 Grain and oilseed milling 2.3 1.5 -0.9 2.2 0.7

3113 Sugar and confectionery products 0.8 -0.5 -1.2 1.7 2.2

3114 Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty 1.3 1.1 -0.2 2.9 1.7

3115 Dairy products 1.8 1.1 -0.7 3.2 2.2

3116 Animal slaughtering and processing 1.0 2.2 1.2 3.6 1.4

3117 Seafood product preparation and packaging 1.6 0.3 -1.2 2.6 2.2

3118 Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing 0.5 0.2 -0.3 2.1 1.9

3119 Other food products 0.6 1.9 1.2 4.0 2.1

312 Beverages and tobacco products 0.7 -0.7 -1.4 1.1 1.8

3121 Beverages 2.2 1.3 -0.9 1.8 0.6

3122 Tobacco and tobacco products 0.4 -4.1 -4.5 -1.9 2.3

313 Textile mills 3.4 -3.3 -6.5 -3.3 0.0

3131 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 3.5 -2.8 -6.0 -3.1 -0.4

3132 Fabric mills 4.9 -3.1 -7.6 -3.3 -0.2

3133 Textile and fabric finishing mills 0.4 -4.4 -4.8 -3.5 0.9

314 Textile product mills 0.5 -2.2 -2.7 -0.1 2.2

3141 Textile furnishings mills 0.1 -2.9 -2.9 -0.8 2.1

3149 Other textile product mills 1.4 -1.1 -2.4 0.9 2.0

315 Apparel -2.3 -9.3 -7.1 -6.1 3.5

3151 Apparel knitting mills -0.6 -7.8 -7.3 -6.8 1.1

3152 Cut and sew apparel -2.8 -9.9 -7.3 -6.1 4.1

3159 Accessories and other apparel -2.8 -7.3 -4.6 -4.5 3.0

316 Leather and allied products 1.4 -5.5 -6.9 -3.5 2.1

3161 Leather and hide tanning and finishing -0.6 -6.6 -6.0 -3.9 2.9

3162 Footwear 2.1 -6.3 -8.2 -4.7 1.7

3169 Other leather products 0.6 -4.5 -5.0 -1.8 2.8

321 Wood products 1.1 -1.2 -2.3 1.2 2.4

3211 Sawmills and wood preservation 2.7 -0.6 -3.2 0.4 1.0

3212 Plywood and engineered wood products 0.6 -1.6 -2.1 0.5 2.1

3219 Other wood products 0.7 -1.3 -2.0 1.8 3.1

322 Paper and paper products 1.9 -0.3 -2.2 1.1 1.4

3221 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 2.8 -0.6 -3.3 0.3 0.9

3222 Converted paper products 1.5 -0.1 -1.6 1.7 1.8

323 Printing and related support activities 1.2 -0.6 -1.8 0.9 1.5

3231 Printing and related support activities 1.2 -0.6 -1.8 0.9 1.5

324 Petroleum and coal products 2.6 1.0 -1.5 3.8 2.7

3241 Petroleum and coal products 2.6 1.0 -1.5 3.8 2.7

325 Chemicals 1.4 0.5 -0.9 2.9 2.4

3251 Basic chemicals 1.9 -0.4 -2.3 1.6 2.0

3252 Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers 1.7 -0.4 -2.1 1.5 1.9

3253 Agricultural chemicals 2.9 0.8 -2.0 1.6 0.8

3254 Pharmaceuticals and medicines 0.4 2.5 2.1 6.1 3.5

3255 Paints, coatings, and adhesives 0.7 -1.2 -1.8 2.0 3.2

3256 Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries 2.9 1.8 -1.0 2.7 0.8

3259 Other chemical products and preparations 2.1 -0.4 -2.5 1.1 1.5

326 Plastics and rubber products 1.9 0.8 -1.1 2.2 1.4

3261 Plastics products 1.8 1.1 -0.7 2.6 1.6

3262 Rubber products 2.0 -0.4 -2.4 0.7 1.1

Table 2. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, hours, compensation, and unit labor costs, 1987-2009

Average annual percent change, 1987-2009
NAICS Industry Output Labor Unit labor

code per hour Output Hours compensation costs

327 Nonmetallic mineral products 0.8 -0.5 -1.3 1.4 1.9

3271 Clay products and refractories 0.5 -2.5 -3.0 -1.2 1.4

3272 Glass and glass products 2.1 -0.2 -2.2 0.6 0.8

3273 Cement and concrete products -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 2.3 2.8

3274 Lime and gypsum products 0.7 -1.1 -1.8 1.8 3.0

3279 Other nonmetallic mineral products 1.3 0.5 -0.8 2.1 1.6

331 Primary metals 1.9 -1.2 -3.0 0.2 1.3

3311 Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production 3.8 0.4 -3.3 -0.4 -0.8

3312 Steel products from purchased steel -1.6 -3.2 -1.6 0.8 4.1

3313 Alumina and aluminum production 2.1 -1.2 -3.2 0.1 1.3

3314 Other nonferrous metal production 0.7 -2.1 -2.8 1.7 3.9

3315 Foundries 1.9 -1.3 -3.2 0.0 1.4

332 Fabricated metal products 1.2 0.2 -1.0 2.2 2.0

3321 Forging and stamping 2.5 0.3 -2.1 1.5 1.1

3322 Cutlery and hand tools 0.8 -1.9 -2.6 0.5 2.4

3323 Architectural and structural metals 0.7 0.5 -0.1 3.1 2.5

3324 Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers 0.6 -0.4 -1.1 1.6 2.0

3325 Hardware 0.4 -4.0 -4.4 -1.8 2.3

3326 Spring and wire products 2.4 -0.5 -2.8 1.0 1.5

3327 Machine shops and threaded products 1.8 1.8 0.0 3.4 1.6

3328 Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals 2.5 1.7 -0.8 2.6 0.9

3329 Other fabricated metal products 1.3 -0.2 -1.5 1.5 1.7

333 Machinery 2.1 0.6 -1.5 1.6 1.0

3331 Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery 2.3 2.2 -0.1 2.8 0.6

3332 Industrial machinery 1.8 -0.1 -1.9 1.7 1.8

3333 Commercial and service industry machinery 1.3 -0.9 -2.1 0.2 1.1

3334 HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment 2.1 0.7 -1.3 1.9 1.1

3335 Metalworking machinery 1.6 -1.1 -2.6 0.5 1.6

3336 Turbine and power transmission equipment 1.2 0.4 -0.9 0.9 0.6

3339 Other general purpose machinery 2.4 0.8 -1.6 2.3 1.5

334 Computer and electronic products 11.2 8.4 -2.5 0.8 -7.0

3341 Computer and peripheral equipment 23.3 18.3 -4.1 -2.6 -17.6

3342 Communications equipment 5.4 2.5 -2.8 0.2 -2.2

3343 Audio and video equipment 1.8 -2.5 -4.2 -0.7 1.8

3344 Semiconductors and electronic components 15.9 13.6 -2.0 1.2 -10.9

3345 Electronic instruments 3.9 1.7 -2.1 1.9 0.2

3346 Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction 2.4 1.0 -1.4 0.6 -0.4

335 Electrical equipment and appliances 2.3 -0.6 -2.8 0.9 1.5

3351 Electric lighting equipment 2.0 -0.7 -2.6 1.2 1.9

3352 Household appliances 3.7 -0.1 -3.7 -0.8 -0.7

3353 Electrical equipment 2.3 -0.4 -2.7 0.9 1.3

3359 Other electrical equipment and components 1.6 -0.9 -2.4 1.5 2.4

336 Transportation equipment 2.7 0.5 -2.1 0.7 0.2

3361 Motor vehicles 3.0 -0.6 -3.5 -0.8 -0.2

3362 Motor vehicle bodies and trailers 0.8 -0.6 -1.4 2.4 3.0

3363 Motor vehicle parts 2.7 0.6 -2.1 -0.2 -0.8

3364 Aerospace products and parts 2.0 -0.2 -2.1 0.9 1.1

3365 Railroad rolling stock 5.0 4.2 -0.8 3.4 -0.8

3366 Ship and boat building 2.3 0.6 -1.7 2.6 2.0

3369 Other transportation equipment 6.2 6.4 0.2 5.1 -1.3

337 Furniture and related products 1.3 -0.8 -2.1 1.0 1.9

3371 Household and institutional furniture 1.2 -1.2 -2.4 0.8 2.0

3372 Office furniture and fixtures 1.1 -0.7 -1.8 1.3 2.0

3379 Other furniture-related products 2.0 1.1 -0.9 2.0 0.9

339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 2.9 2.4 -0.4 4.0 1.5

3391 Medical equipment and supplies 3.4 4.6 1.2 5.7 1.0

3399 Other miscellaneous manufacturing 2.1 0.4 -1.7 2.4 2.0

 

Average annual percent change, 1987-2009

Table 2. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, hours, compensation, and unit labor costs, 1987-2009