For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, December 17, 2021 USDL-21-2148

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2021 

Job openings rates increased in 16 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 32 states and 

the District of Columbia on the last business day of October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

reported today. Hires rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 45 states 

and the District of Columbia. Total separations rates decreased in 10 states, increased in 2 states, and 

were little changed in 38 states and the District of Columbia. Nationally, the job openings, hires, and 

total separations rates were little changed in October. (See tables A-E.) 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 

layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings 

In October, job openings rates increased in 16 states and decreased in 2 states. The largest increases in 

job openings rates occurred in Hawaii (+3.5 percentage points), Minnesota (+1.9 points), and Kentucky 

(+1.2 points). The decreases in job openings rates occurred in Maine (-1.0 percentage point) and 

Virginia (-0.7 point). The national job openings rate was little changed. (See table A.) 

The number of job openings increased in 15 states and decreased in 2 states on the last business day of 

October. The largest increases occurred in Florida (+74,000), Texas (+70,000), and Minnesota 

(+ 64,000). The decreases in the job openings level occurred in Virginia (-28,000) and Maine (-7,000). 

Nationally, the number of job openings increased (+431,000). (See table A.) 

Hires 

In October, hires rates decreased in 4 states and increased in 1 state. The largest decreases in hires rates 

occurred in Alaska (-0.8 percentage point), and Mississippi and Virginia (-0.7 point each). The hires rate 

increased in Hawaii (+2.6 percentage points). The national hires rate was unchanged. (See table B.) 

The number of hires decreased in 3 states and increased in 1 state in October. The largest decreases 

occurred in Virginia (-29,000), Arizona (-18,000), and Mississippi (-8,000). The hires level increased in 

Hawaii (+15,000). Nationally, the number of hires was little changed. (See table B.) 

Total Separations 

In October, total separations rates decreased in 10 states and increased in 2 states. The largest 

decreases occurred in Hawaii (-5.4 percentage points), Alaska (-1.4 points), and Illinois 

(-1.1 points). The increases in the total separations rates occurred in North Dakota and Pennsylvania 
- 2 - 

(+0.7 percentage point each). The national total separations rate was little changed over the month. (See 

table C.) 

The number of total separations decreased in 8 states and increased in 1 state in October. The largest 

decreases occurred in Illinois (-59,000), Georgia (-40,000), and Ohio (-32,000). The total separations 

level increased in Pennsylvania (+43,000). Nationally, the number of total separations edged down 

(-255,000). (See table C.) 

 

Quits 

In October, quits rates decreased in 12 states and increased in 1 state. The largest decreases in quits 

rates occurred in Hawaii (-3.8 percentage points), New Hampshire (-1.1 points), and Montana (-0.9 

point). The quits rate increased in Kansas (+0.5 percentage point). Over the month, the national quits 

rate decreased (-0.2 percentage point). (See table D.) 

The number of quits decreased in 11 states and increased in 1 state in October. The largest decreases in 

the quits level occurred in Illinois (-34,000), Georgia (-31,000), and Hawaii (-22,000). The quits level 

increased in Kansas (+6,000). Nationally, the number of quits decreased over the month (-205,000). (See 

table D.) 

 

Layoffs and Discharges 

In October, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 5 states and increased in 5 states. The largest 

decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Hawaii (-1.1 percentage points), and Alaska and 

Ohio (-0.6 point each). The largest increases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in North Dakota 

(+0.8 percentage point), Pennsylvania (+0.6 point), and Oregon and Colorado (+0.4 point each). The 

national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. (See table E.) 

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 5 states and increased in 4 states in October. The 

largest decreases in layoffs and discharges were in Ohio (-31,000), Massachusetts (-16,000), and New 

Jersey (-12,000). The largest increases in layoffs and discharges levels were in Pennsylvania (+37,000), 

Colorado (+13,000), and Oregon (+8,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little 

changed over the month. (See table E.) 

For more information, please see the JOLTS interactive charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-jobopenings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#. 

 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey State estimates for November 2021 are scheduled 

to be released on Friday, January 21, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET). 

 
- 3 - 

   

September

2021

October

2021p

Over-themonth 

changep

September

2021

October

2021p

Over-themonth 

changep

TOTAL U.S.................................................................................... 10,602 11,033 431 6.7 6.9 0.2

Alabama........................................................................................ 143 159 16 6.5 7.2 0.7

Colorado........................................................................................ 192 207 15 6.5 7.0 0.5

Florida........................................................................................... 656 730 74 6.9 7.6 0.7

Hawaii........................................................................................... 27 50 23 4.5 8.0 3.5

Kansas.......................................................................................... 86 94 8 5.8 6.3 0.5

Kentucky....................................................................................... 145 173 28 7.2 8.4 1.2

Louisiana....................................................................................... 138 156 18 7.0 7.8 0.8

Maine............................................................................................ 50 43 -7 7.5 6.5 -1.0

Michigan........................................................................................ 366 388 22 8.0 8.4 0.4

Minnesota...................................................................................... 194 258 64 6.3 8.2 1.9

Mississippi..................................................................................... 84 93 9 6.9 7.5 0.6

Missouri......................................................................................... 205 235 30 6.7 7.6 0.9

Montana........................................................................................ 38 42 4 7.3 8.0 0.7

New Jersey................................................................................... 294 310 16* 6.8 7.2 0.4

North Carolina............................................................................... 329 357 28 6.8 7.3 0.5

Tennessee..................................................................................... 227 248 21 6.8 7.4 0.6

Texas............................................................................................. 837 907 70 6.1 6.6 0.5

Virginia.......................................................................................... 336 308 -28 7.9 7.2 -0.7

* Not significant

Table A. States with significant changes in job openings from September 2021 to October 2021, seasonally 

adjusted

State

Level (in thousands) Rate

p Preliminary

September

2021

October

2021p

Over-themonth 

changep

September

2021

October

2021p

Over-themonth 

changep

TOTAL U.S.................................................................................... 6,546 6,464 -82 4.4 4.4 0.0

Alaska............................................................................................ 21 19 -2* 6.9 6.1 -0.8

Arizona.......................................................................................... 139 121 -18 4.7 4.1 -0.6

Hawaii........................................................................................... 22 37 15 3.8 6.4 2.6

Mississippi..................................................................................... 66 58 -8 5.8 5.1 -0.7

Virginia.......................................................................................... 182 153 -29 4.6 3.9 -0.7

p Preliminary

* Not significant

Table B. States with significant changes in hires from September 2021 to October 2021, seasonally adjusted

State

Level (in thousands) Rate
- 4 - 

   

September

2021

October

2021p

Over-themonth 

changep

September

2021

October

2021p

Over-themonth 

changep

TOTAL U.S.................................................................................... 6,147 5,892 -255 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Alabama........................................................................................ 102 92 -10* 5.0 4.5 -0.5

Alaska............................................................................................ 18 14 -4 5.9 4.5 -1.4

Georgia......................................................................................... 264 224 -40 5.8 4.9 -0.9

Hawaii........................................................................................... 54 23 -31 9.4 4.0 -5.4

Illinois............................................................................................ 265 206 -59 4.6 3.5 -1.1

Louisiana....................................................................................... 97 86 -11* 5.3 4.6 -0.7

Massachusetts.............................................................................. 152 126 -26 4.3 3.6 -0.7

Nevada.......................................................................................... 80 67 -13 5.9 4.9 -1.0

New Hampshire............................................................................. 35 29 -6 5.3 4.4 -0.9

North Dakota................................................................................. 21 24 3* 5.0 5.7 0.7

Ohio............................................................................................... 244 212 -32 4.6 3.9 -0.7

Pennsylvania................................................................................. 187 230 43 3.3 4.0 0.7

p Preliminary

* Not significant

Table C. States with significant changes in total separations from September 2021 to October 2021, 

seasonally adjusted

State

Level (in thousands) Rate

September

2021

October

2021p

Over-themonth 

changep

September

2021

October

2021p

Over-themonth 

changep

TOTAL U.S.................................................................................... 4,362 4,157 -205 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Connecticut................................................................................... 43 36 -7 2.7 2.2 -0.5

Georgia......................................................................................... 185 154 -31 4.0 3.3 -0.7

Hawaii........................................................................................... 38 16 -22 6.6 2.8 -3.8

Illinois............................................................................................ 189 155 -34 3.3 2.6 -0.7

Kansas.......................................................................................... 35 41 6 2.5 3.0 0.5

Louisiana....................................................................................... 71 62 -9 3.9 3.3 -0.6

Massachusetts.............................................................................. 90 82 -8* 2.6 2.3 -0.3

Montana........................................................................................ 21 17 -4 4.4 3.5 -0.9

Nevada.......................................................................................... 57 48 -9 4.2 3.5 -0.7

New Hampshire............................................................................. 25 18 -7 3.8 2.7 -1.1

Oregon.......................................................................................... 67 56 -11 3.6 3.0 -0.6

Utah............................................................................................... 57 47 -10 3.5 2.9 -0.6

West Virginia................................................................................. 26 22 -4 3.8 3.2 -0.6

p Preliminary

* Not significant

Table D. States with significant changes in quits from September 2021 to October 2021, seasonally adjusted

State

Level (in thousands) Rate
- 5 - 

September

2021

October

2021p

Over-themonth 

changep

September

2021

October

2021p

Over-themonth 

changep

TOTAL U.S.................................................................................... 1,396 1,361 -35 0.9 0.9 0.0

Alaska............................................................................................ 5 3 -2 1.6 1.0 -0.6

Colorado........................................................................................ 24 37 13 0.9 1.3 0.4

Hawaii........................................................................................... 12 6 -6 2.1 1.0 -1.1

Massachusetts.............................................................................. 50 34 -16 1.4 1.0 -0.4

New Jersey................................................................................... 51 39 -12 1.3 1.0 -0.3

New York....................................................................................... 65 83 18* 0.7 0.9 0.2

North Dakota................................................................................. 6 9 3 1.4 2.2 0.8

Ohio............................................................................................... 78 47 -31 1.5 0.9 -0.6

Oregon.......................................................................................... 11 19 8 0.6 1.0 0.4

Pennsylvania................................................................................. 39 76 37 0.7 1.3 0.6

p Preliminary

* Not significant

Table E. States with significant changes in layoffs and discharges from September 2021 to October 2021, 

seasonally adjusted

State

Level (in thousands) Rate
Technical Note 

 This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 

total separations. The JOLTS program covers all 

private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. Industries are 

classified in accordance with the North American 

Industry Classification System. 

Definitions and Methodology (National/State) 

Shared definitions and procedures for National and 

State JOLTS Estimates can be found at: 

www.bls.gov/news.release/jolts.tn.htm 

Data Element Definitions

 Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements. 

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can be 

full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, 

short-term, or seasonal. 

 The job could start within 30 days, whether or 

not the employer can find a suitable candidate 

during that time. 

 The employer is actively recruiting workers from 

outside the establishment to fill the position. 

Active recruiting means that the establishment is 

taking steps to fill a position. It may include 

advertising in newspapers, on television, or on 

the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making “word-ofmouth” announcements; accepting applications; 

interviewing candidates; contacting employment 

agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, 

state or local employment offices, or similar 

sources. 

 Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Separations. Total Separations include all 

separations from the payroll during the entire 

reference month and is reported by type of 

separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits include employees who left 

voluntarily with the exception of retirements or 
transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges 

includes involuntary separations initiated by the 

employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; 

layoffs (formal suspensions from pay status) lasting 

or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; 

firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of 

permanent or short-term employees; and terminations 

of seasonal employees (whether or not they are 

expected to return the next season). Other separations 

include retirements, transfers to other locations, 

separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 

Excluded from other separations are transfers within 

the same location; employees on strike; employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The 

other separations component is not published for 

states due to its comparatively high error, and 

because it comprises less than 8% of total 

separations. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and 

layoffs and discharges rates are computed similarly. 

State Estimates Methodology

The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments 

does not directly support the production of sample 

based state estimates. However, state estimates have 

been produced by combining the available sample 

with model-based estimates. 

 These estimates consist of four major estimating 

models; the Composite Regional model, the 

Synthetic model, the Composite Synthetic model, 

and the Extended Composite Synthetic model. The 

Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, 

JOLTS regional published estimates, and Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The 

Composite Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata 

and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly 

employment changes in microdata from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and 

JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 

Composite Synthetic extends the Composite 

Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite 

Synthetic by the ratio of the current Composite 

Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional 

model estimate from one year ago. 

 The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and 

its major component—the Composite Regional 

model) is used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

estimates because all of the inputs required by this 

model are available at the time monthly estimate are 

produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model 

(and its major component—the Synthetic model) can 

only be produced when the latest QCEW data are 

available. The current model uses the Extended 

Composite Synthetic model estimates to extend the 

Composite Synthetic model estimates during the 

annual JOLTS re-tabulation process. The extension 

of the Composite Synthetic model using current databased Composite Regional model estimates will 

ensure that the Composite Synthetic model estimates 

reflect current economic trends. 

 The Composite Regional model calculates statelevel JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using 

sample weights, and the adjustments for nonresponse (NRAF). The Composite Regional estimate 

is then benchmarked to CES state-supersector 

employment to produce state-supersector estimates. 

The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 

reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector 

cell. The small JOLTS sample results in quite a 

number of state-supersector cells that lack enough 

data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome 

this issue, the state-level estimates derived directly 

from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS 

regional estimates when the number of respondents is 

low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as 

a composite estimate which leverages the small 

JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and 

supplements that with a model-based estimate. 

 In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based 

estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all 

state-supersector cells that have 30 or more 

respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be 

used, without a sample-based component, in all statesupersector cells that have fewer than five 

respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5–30 

respondents an estimate is calculated that is a 

composition of a weighted estimate of the microdatabased estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS 

regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS 

data in those cells is proportional the number of 

JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n∕30, where n 

is the number of respondents). 

 Benchmarking. The JOLTS State estimates 

utilize and leverage data from three BLS programs; 

JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are 

published as a historical series comprised of an 

historical annually revised benchmark component for 
the Composite Synthetic model and a current 

component Extended Composite Synthetic model 

which provides monthly "real-time" estimates 

between lagged benchmarks.

 Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each 

month, using all relevant data, up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS state seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES over-the-month employment trends are 

applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS state 

implied employment trends (hires minus separations) 

forcing them to be approximately the same, while 

preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Reliability of the estimates 

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Sampling error occurs when a 

sample is surveyed rather than the entire population. 

There is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. 

The difference, or sampling error, varies depending 

on the particular sample selected. This variability is 

measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 

analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent 

level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 

estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population 

value because of sampling error. Sampling error 

estimates are available on the JOLTS Median 

Standard Errors page: 

http://www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.

htm 

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation. 

 The JOLTS State variance estimates account for 

both sampling error and the error attributable to 

modeling. A small area domain model uses a 

Bayesian model to develop estimates of JOLTS State 

variance. The small area model uses QCEW-based 

JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian 

prior distribution, then updates the prior distribution 

using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance 

estimates at the State and US Census Regional level 

to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once 

the Bayesian posterior distribution has been 

generated, an estimate of JOLTS State variance 

estimates is made by drawing 2,500 estimates from 

the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian 

approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error 

and directly for model error. 

Other information 

Detailed information about the JOLTS State 

methodology can be found at: 

 www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt_statedata_methodology.htm 

 Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

TOTAL U.S...................................... 6,873 11,098 10,629 10,602 11,033 4.6 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.9

Alabama.......................................... 108 141 146 143 159 5.1 6.5 6.7 6.5 7.2

Alaska............................................ 21 36 30 30 28 6.5 10.6 8.9 8.9 8.3

Arizona........................................... 161 221 242 214 221 5.3 6.9 7.5 6.7 6.9

Arkansas......................................... 58 89 98 95 95 4.4 6.5 7.2 7.0 6.9

California......................................... 703 1,054 1,123 1,157 1,153 4.2 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.4

Colorado......................................... 113 228 210 192 207 4.1 7.7 7.1 6.5 7.0

Connecticut...................................... 65 106 103 100 103 4.0 6.2 6.0 5.8 6.0

Delaware......................................... 23 35 33 31 33 4.9 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.8

District of Columbia............................. 29 46 39 39 41 3.8 5.8 4.9 4.9 5.1

Florida............................................ 402 715 685 656 730 4.5 7.5 7.2 6.9 7.6

Georgia........................................... 251 383 416 417 432 5.4 7.7 8.4 8.3 8.6

Hawaii............................................ 30 46 33 27 50 5.4 7.3 5.4 4.5 8.0

Idaho............................................. 39 67 59 54 58 4.8 7.8 7.0 6.4 6.9

Illinois............................................. 252 429 387 436 422 4.3 6.9 6.3 7.0 6.7

Indiana........................................... 153 227 230 230 243 4.8 6.9 7.0 7.0 7.3

Iowa............................................... 73 103 98 113 113 4.6 6.3 6.0 6.8 6.8

Kansas........................................... 66 87 82 86 94 4.6 5.9 5.6 5.8 6.3

Kentucky......................................... 97 170 170 145 173 5.0 8.4 8.3 7.2 8.4

Louisiana......................................... 105 132 136 138 156 5.5 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.8

Maine............................................. 30 56 47 50 43 4.8 8.3 7.1 7.5 6.5

Maryland......................................... 148 227 212 210 220 5.4 7.9 7.4 7.3 7.6

Massachusetts.................................. 157 286 280 281 289 4.5 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.5

Michigan......................................... 200 377 364 366 388 4.7 8.3 8.0 8.0 8.4

Minnesota........................................ 122 206 190 194 258 4.2 6.7 6.2 6.3 8.2

Mississippi....................................... 60 84 87 84 93 5.1 6.9 7.1 6.9 7.5

Missouri.......................................... 128 201 211 205 235 4.4 6.6 6.9 6.7 7.6

Montana.......................................... 26 40 39 38 42 5.2 7.6 7.5 7.3 8.0

Nebraska......................................... 47 70 67 71 72 4.5 6.5 6.2 6.5 6.6

Nevada........................................... 77 156 119 109 109 5.7 10.4 8.1 7.5 7.4

New Hampshire................................. 33 60 56 54 50 4.9 8.3 7.8 7.5 7.0

New Jersey...................................... 215 323 306 294 310 5.3 7.5 7.1 6.8 7.2

New Mexico..................................... 41 61 64 66 66 4.9 7.0 7.3 7.5 7.5

New York........................................ 338 693 554 553 539 3.7 7.2 5.8 5.8 5.6

North Carolina................................... 247 354 360 329 357 5.3 7.2 7.4 6.8 7.3

North Dakota.................................... 19 27 29 32 32 4.4 6.1 6.5 7.1 7.1

Ohio............................................... 254 409 343 378 381 4.6 7.1 6.0 6.6 6.6

Oklahoma........................................ 85 108 101 123 127 5.0 6.2 5.8 6.9 7.1

Oregon........................................... 96 178 152 142 141 5.0 8.7 7.5 7.0 7.0

Pennsylvania.................................... 292 448 427 412 392 4.9 7.2 6.9 6.7 6.4

Rhode Island.................................... 26 38 37 38 39 5.3 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.5

South Carolina.................................. 123 180 181 182 186 5.6 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.9

South Dakota.................................... 23 30 27 34 36 5.1 6.4 5.8 7.2 7.6

Tennessee....................................... 145 221 227 227 248 4.6 6.7 6.8 6.8 7.4

Texas............................................. 582 928 887 837 907 4.5 6.8 6.5 6.1 6.6

Utah............................................... 69 131 120 110 117 4.3 7.5 6.9 6.4 6.7

Vermont.......................................... 15 21 24 25 23 5.0 6.5 7.4 7.8 7.2

Virginia........................................... 208 320 303 336 308 5.1 7.6 7.2 7.9 7.2

Washington...................................... 133 231 210 224 224 3.9 6.4 5.8 6.1 6.1

West Virginia.................................... 47 69 54 60 60 6.5 9.1 7.2 8.0 8.0

Wisconsin........................................ 125 230 211 219 210 4.2 7.4 6.8 7.1 6.8

Wyoming......................................... 15 24 23 20 21 5.2 8.1 7.8 6.8 7.1

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

TOTAL U.S...................................... 6,035 6,761 6,497 6,546 6,464 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.4

Alabama.......................................... 107 96 102 106 106 5.4 4.7 5.0 5.2 5.1

Alaska............................................ 18 24 21 21 19 5.9 7.9 6.9 6.9 6.1

Arizona........................................... 122 135 138 139 121 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.1

Arkansas......................................... 58 61 65 66 61 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.2 4.8

California......................................... 655 624 661 656 691 4.1 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.1

Colorado......................................... 115 142 140 141 134 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.9

Connecticut...................................... 55 58 60 64 60 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.7

Delaware......................................... 21 24 24 23 21 4.7 5.3 5.3 5.1 4.6

District of Columbia............................. 18 23 22 20 21 2.4 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.8

Florida............................................ 345 422 431 420 432 4.1 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.9

Georgia........................................... 215 240 255 268 261 4.9 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.7

Hawaii............................................ 35 26 23 22 37 6.7 4.5 4.0 3.8 6.4

Idaho............................................. 40 44 44 40 37 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.1 4.7

Illinois............................................. 221 351 235 261 250 3.9 6.1 4.0 4.5 4.3

Indiana........................................... 109 161 157 150 145 3.6 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.7

Iowa............................................... 58 66 57 64 63 3.8 4.3 3.7 4.2 4.1

Kansas........................................... 49 63 55 49 55 3.6 4.6 4.0 3.5 4.0

Kentucky......................................... 102 105 107 100 97 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.1

Louisiana......................................... 94 92 95 94 102 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.5

Maine............................................. 27 27 26 32 29 4.5 4.4 4.2 5.2 4.7

Maryland......................................... 94 119 104 104 100 3.6 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.7

Massachusetts.................................. 121 152 127 145 142 3.6 4.3 3.6 4.1 4.0

Michigan......................................... 185 230 220 198 202 4.5 5.5 5.3 4.7 4.8

Minnesota........................................ 92 119 97 89 100 3.3 4.2 3.4 3.1 3.5

Mississippi....................................... 57 58 57 66 58 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.8 5.1

Missouri.......................................... 116 136 123 121 116 4.2 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.1

Montana.......................................... 25 29 27 28 25 5.3 6.0 5.6 5.8 5.2

Nebraska......................................... 38 48 45 40 38 3.8 4.7 4.4 3.9 3.7

Nevada........................................... 74 120 98 85 79 5.8 9.0 7.3 6.3 5.8

New Hampshire................................. 27 31 30 32 34 4.2 4.7 4.5 4.8 5.1

New Jersey...................................... 223 195 167 177 167 5.8 4.9 4.2 4.4 4.1

New Mexico..................................... 36 43 40 41 37 4.6 5.3 4.9 5.0 4.5

New York........................................ 304 321 337 321 323 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.6

North Carolina................................... 239 236 235 234 221 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.9

North Dakota.................................... 17 21 24 20 20 4.2 5.0 5.8 4.8 4.8

Ohio............................................... 220 237 208 232 227 4.2 4.4 3.9 4.3 4.2

Oklahoma........................................ 74 91 73 78 84 4.6 5.6 4.5 4.7 5.1

Oregon........................................... 79 98 96 88 84 4.3 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.5

Pennsylvania.................................... 191 195 189 222 231 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.9 4.0

Rhode Island.................................... 25 23 22 24 26 5.4 4.8 4.6 5.0 5.4

South Carolina.................................. 103 111 116 111 116 4.9 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.4

South Dakota.................................... 17 21 19 20 18 4.0 4.8 4.3 4.6 4.1

Tennessee....................................... 142 163 157 152 158 4.7 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.1

Texas............................................. 550 573 600 605 568 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.4

Utah............................................... 71 79 75 71 71 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.4

Vermont.......................................... 13 13 14 15 15 4.5 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.1

Virginia........................................... 160 179 184 182 153 4.1 4.6 4.7 4.6 3.9

Washington...................................... 122 150 139 138 139 3.7 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.0

West Virginia.................................... 36 42 31 35 38 5.3 6.1 4.5 5.1 5.5

Wisconsin........................................ 109 127 107 120 120 3.9 4.4 3.7 4.2 4.2

Wyoming......................................... 13 16 16 15 14 4.8 5.9 5.9 5.5 5.1

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

TOTAL U.S...................................... 5,427 5,792 6,032 6,147 5,892 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0

Alabama.......................................... 85 92 90 102 92 4.3 4.5 4.4 5.0 4.5

Alaska............................................ 9 19 19 18 14 3.0 6.2 6.2 5.9 4.5

Arizona........................................... 101 124 124 123 114 3.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.8

Arkansas......................................... 51 53 55 63 60 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.0 4.7

California......................................... 566 551 577 561 569 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.4

Colorado......................................... 102 144 172 142 153 3.8 5.3 6.3 5.2 5.6

Connecticut...................................... 50 58 50 63 58 3.2 3.6 3.1 3.9 3.6

Delaware......................................... 19 20 21 20 20 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.4

District of Columbia............................. 22 20 19 22 24 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.9 3.2

Florida............................................ 380 356 395 383 353 4.5 4.1 4.5 4.3 4.0

Georgia........................................... 175 228 254 264 224 4.0 5.0 5.6 5.8 4.9

Hawaii............................................ 18 29 28 54 23 3.4 5.0 4.9 9.4 4.0

Idaho............................................. 32 33 44 39 38 4.2 4.2 5.6 5.0 4.8

Illinois............................................. 241 236 259 265 206 4.3 4.1 4.5 4.6 3.5

Indiana........................................... 120 138 148 133 130 4.0 4.5 4.8 4.3 4.2

Iowa............................................... 62 58 73 62 57 4.1 3.8 4.8 4.0 3.7

Kansas........................................... 50 56 60 51 56 3.7 4.1 4.3 3.7 4.0

Kentucky......................................... 87 86 108 93 86 4.7 4.6 5.7 4.9 4.6

Louisiana......................................... 69 78 75 97 86 3.8 4.2 4.1 5.3 4.6

Maine............................................. 24 29 27 26 26 4.0 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.2

Maryland......................................... 81 94 92 102 97 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.6

Massachusetts.................................. 155 119 139 152 126 4.6 3.4 4.0 4.3 3.6

Michigan......................................... 181 191 201 203 197 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.7

Minnesota........................................ 78 103 108 107 97 2.8 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.4

Mississippi....................................... 49 43 53 59 56 4.4 3.8 4.7 5.2 4.9

Missouri.......................................... 101 119 127 120 114 3.6 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.0

Montana.......................................... 20 22 25 28 25 4.2 4.5 5.2 5.8 5.2

Nebraska......................................... 38 45 45 43 42 3.8 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.1

Nevada........................................... 57 72 72 80 67 4.5 5.4 5.4 5.9 4.9

New Hampshire................................. 30 29 28 35 29 4.7 4.4 4.2 5.3 4.4

New Jersey...................................... 181 152 150 154 144 4.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6

New Mexico..................................... 29 33 41 33 34 3.7 4.1 5.1 4.1 4.2

New York........................................ 256 292 271 268 274 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0

North Carolina................................... 203 245 232 223 229 4.6 5.4 5.1 4.9 5.0

North Dakota.................................... 19 20 21 21 24 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.7

Ohio............................................... 206 213 216 244 212 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.6 3.9

Oklahoma........................................ 62 77 72 73 71 3.8 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.3

Oregon........................................... 66 70 84 86 80 3.6 3.7 4.5 4.6 4.2

Pennsylvania.................................... 167 204 192 187 230 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.3 4.0

Rhode Island.................................... 18 20 19 23 21 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.8 4.4

South Carolina.................................. 94 89 88 99 107 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.6 5.0

South Dakota.................................... 17 17 21 18 18 4.0 3.9 4.8 4.1 4.1

Tennessee....................................... 118 127 147 139 132 3.9 4.1 4.7 4.5 4.3

Texas............................................. 489 488 480 554 572 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.3 4.4

Utah............................................... 52 67 64 75 67 3.4 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.1

Vermont.......................................... 12 15 13 15 15 4.2 5.0 4.4 5.1 5.1

Virginia........................................... 160 140 157 147 146 4.1 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.7

Washington...................................... 92 123 111 115 122 2.8 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.5

West Virginia.................................... 32 34 32 36 32 4.8 4.9 4.6 5.2 4.6

Wisconsin........................................ 88 107 122 115 111 3.1 3.7 4.2 4.0 3.9

Wyoming......................................... 11 13 16 13 13 4.0 4.8 5.9 4.7 4.7

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

TOTAL U.S...................................... 3,352 4,028 4,270 4,362 4,157 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.8

Alabama.......................................... 60 58 62 69 63 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.1

Alaska............................................ 6 13 12 11 10 2.0 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.2

Arizona........................................... 70 94 87 91 85 2.5 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.8

Arkansas......................................... 36 39 40 44 40 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.1

California......................................... 303 421 403 400 396 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4

Colorado......................................... 61 91 94 106 104 2.3 3.3 3.4 3.9 3.8

Connecticut...................................... 27 38 36 43 36 1.7 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.2

Delaware......................................... 13 14 14 14 13 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9

District of Columbia............................. 14 13 13 15 15 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0

Florida............................................ 260 269 269 277 260 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9

Georgia........................................... 124 157 195 185 154 2.8 3.4 4.3 4.0 3.3

Hawaii............................................ 11 19 19 38 16 2.1 3.3 3.3 6.6 2.8

Idaho............................................. 21 24 30 30 27 2.7 3.0 3.8 3.8 3.4

Illinois............................................. 121 169 197 189 155 2.1 2.9 3.4 3.3 2.6

Indiana........................................... 73 98 113 101 101 2.4 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.3

Iowa............................................... 37 41 53 39 38 2.4 2.7 3.5 2.5 2.5

Kansas........................................... 32 40 43 35 41 2.4 2.9 3.1 2.5 3.0

Kentucky......................................... 60 58 83 63 57 3.2 3.1 4.4 3.3 3.0

Louisiana......................................... 47 56 55 71 62 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.9 3.3

Maine............................................. 13 18 18 20 18 2.2 2.9 2.9 3.3 2.9

Maryland......................................... 55 69 66 64 65 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4

Massachusetts.................................. 61 78 89 90 82 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.3

Michigan......................................... 118 139 137 129 129 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1

Minnesota........................................ 51 74 74 67 70 1.8 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.4

Mississippi....................................... 34 30 38 43 40 3.0 2.6 3.4 3.8 3.5

Missouri.......................................... 64 88 94 91 87 2.3 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.1

Montana.......................................... 13 15 16 21 17 2.7 3.1 3.3 4.4 3.5

Nebraska......................................... 25 30 33 30 30 2.5 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.9

Nevada........................................... 33 42 46 57 48 2.6 3.1 3.4 4.2 3.5

New Hampshire................................. 13 19 18 25 18 2.0 2.9 2.7 3.8 2.7

New Jersey...................................... 107 100 106 94 96 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.4

New Mexico..................................... 18 22 25 23 22 2.3 2.7 3.1 2.8 2.7

New York........................................ 131 199 197 184 173 1.5 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.9

North Carolina................................... 131 149 151 156 157 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4

North Dakota.................................... 11 13 13 13 13 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

Ohio............................................... 131 140 158 156 153 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.8

Oklahoma........................................ 44 57 51 54 51 2.7 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.1

Oregon........................................... 40 49 55 67 56 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.6 3.0

Pennsylvania.................................... 92 118 133 135 142 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5

Rhode Island.................................... 10 11 12 16 14 2.2 2.3 2.5 3.3 2.9

South Carolina.................................. 69 64 61 69 76 3.3 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.5

South Dakota.................................... 10 11 15 12 13 2.3 2.5 3.4 2.7 3.0

Tennessee....................................... 81 81 104 99 93 2.7 2.6 3.4 3.2 3.0

Texas............................................. 340 360 370 440 455 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.5

Utah............................................... 36 43 42 57 47 2.3 2.7 2.6 3.5 2.9

Vermont.......................................... 7 9 8 9 10 2.4 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.4

Virginia........................................... 91 98 111 115 108 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.7

Washington...................................... 59 80 82 81 87 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5

West Virginia.................................... 21 24 23 26 22 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.2

Wisconsin........................................ 61 77 95 88 82 2.2 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.9

Wyoming......................................... 8 9 9 9 9 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

TOTAL U.S...................................... 1,728 1,423 1,385 1,396 1,361 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9

Alabama.......................................... 18 28 17 26 22 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.3 1.1

Alaska............................................ 3 5 5 5 3 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.0

Arizona........................................... 25 24 27 21 24 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8

Arkansas......................................... 12 10 12 15 14 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.1

California......................................... 226 97 129 121 131 1.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8

Colorado......................................... 28 49 72 24 37 1.1 1.8 2.6 0.9 1.3

Connecticut...................................... 19 15 8 15 19 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.9 1.2

Delaware......................................... 5 5 5 4 5 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1

District of Columbia............................. 6 6 5 5 7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9

Florida............................................ 103 70 97 86 79 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.9

Georgia........................................... 41 65 42 60 57 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.2

Hawaii............................................ 6 9 8 12 6 1.1 1.5 1.4 2.1 1.0

Idaho............................................. 9 8 11 7 9 1.2 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.1

Illinois............................................. 104 57 52 58 44 1.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8

Indiana........................................... 41 30 28 26 23 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7

Iowa............................................... 22 14 15 19 15 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0

Kansas........................................... 14 12 12 12 11 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8

Kentucky......................................... 20 21 20 25 23 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2

Louisiana......................................... 17 17 15 21 18 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.0

Maine............................................. 9 8 6 4 6 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.0

Maryland......................................... 18 19 20 31 24 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.9

Massachusetts.................................. 89 25 41 50 34 2.7 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.0

Michigan......................................... 53 45 51 63 53 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.3

Minnesota........................................ 23 22 27 25 22 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8

Mississippi....................................... 13 10 11 12 12 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0

Missouri.......................................... 33 24 27 24 21 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.7

Montana.......................................... 6 6 7 6 6 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2

Nebraska......................................... 11 11 9 10 9 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9

Nevada........................................... 21 29 22 19 16 1.7 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.2

New Hampshire................................. 15 8 7 8 8 2.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2

New Jersey...................................... 65 42 34 51 39 1.7 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.0

New Mexico..................................... 9 9 13 8 8 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.0 1.0

New York........................................ 103 79 58 65 83 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.9

North Carolina................................... 49 86 70 55 49 1.1 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.1

North Dakota.................................... 7 6 6 6 9 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.2

Ohio............................................... 65 60 47 78 47 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.5 0.9

Oklahoma........................................ 15 15 15 15 14 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8

Oregon........................................... 22 19 24 11 19 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.6 1.0

Pennsylvania.................................... 66 70 42 39 76 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.7 1.3

Rhode Island.................................... 7 6 6 6 6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

South Carolina.................................. 21 19 20 24 24 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1

South Dakota.................................... 5 5 5 4 4 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9

Tennessee....................................... 32 37 30 30 30 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0

Texas............................................. 116 97 91 88 88 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

Utah............................................... 13 21 17 13 16 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.0

Vermont.......................................... 5 4 3 5 4 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.7 1.4

Virginia........................................... 60 27 38 28 28 1.5 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.7

Washington...................................... 26 36 23 25 25 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.7

West Virginia.................................... 9 8 7 7 8 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2

Wisconsin........................................ 23 24 21 19 21 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

Wyoming......................................... 3 4 6 3 3 1.1 1.5 2.2 1.1 1.1

p Preliminary
Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 7,249 10,658 11,476 4.8 6.7 7.1

Alabama................................................................. 107 144 166 5.1 6.6 7.4

Alaska................................................................... 16 26 23 5.1 7.7 6.9

Arizona.................................................................. 175 209 232 5.7 6.6 7.2

Arkansas................................................................ 59 105 97 4.5 7.6 7.0

California................................................................ 784 1,170 1,230 4.7 6.5 6.8

Colorado................................................................ 112 192 204 4.1 6.5 6.9

Connecticut............................................................. 70 99 104 4.2 5.8 6.0

Delaware................................................................ 23 30 34 4.9 6.2 6.9

District of Columbia.................................................... 31 40 45 4.0 5.0 5.5

Florida................................................................... 415 650 766 4.7 6.9 7.9

Georgia.................................................................. 253 414 443 5.4 8.3 8.7

Hawaii................................................................... 33 31 56 5.9 5.2 8.8

Idaho.................................................................... 39 52 58 4.8 6.2 6.8

Illinois.................................................................... 278 437 452 4.6 6.9 7.1

Indiana.................................................................. 155 229 250 4.9 6.9 7.4

Iowa..................................................................... 80 116 124 5.0 7.0 7.3

Kansas.................................................................. 73 86 103 5.1 5.8 6.8

Kentucky................................................................ 97 149 175 4.9 7.3 8.4

Louisiana................................................................ 110 136 170 5.7 7.0 8.3

Maine.................................................................... 30 48 43 4.7 7.1 6.4

Maryland................................................................ 157 207 233 5.7 7.2 7.9

Massachusetts......................................................... 173 281 305 4.9 7.4 7.8

Michigan................................................................ 205 362 394 4.7 7.9 8.4

Minnesota............................................................... 133 195 267 4.5 6.3 8.4

Mississippi.............................................................. 61 88 96 5.1 7.2 7.6

Missouri................................................................. 131 202 241 4.5 6.6 7.7

Montana................................................................. 25 38 40 4.9 7.2 7.6

Nebraska................................................................ 52 73 78 4.9 6.7 7.0

Nevada.................................................................. 84 110 115 6.2 7.5 7.7

New Hampshire........................................................ 32 50 48 4.7 7.0 6.7

New Jersey............................................................. 224 298 320 5.5 6.9 7.3

New Mexico............................................................ 44 67 68 5.2 7.6 7.6

New York............................................................... 351 553 543 3.8 5.8 5.6

North Carolina.......................................................... 264 333 377 5.6 6.9 7.6

North Dakota........................................................... 21 33 34 4.7 7.2 7.4

Ohio..................................................................... 267 374 404 4.8 6.5 6.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 88 128 136 5.1 7.2 7.5

Oregon.................................................................. 102 149 145 5.3 7.3 7.1

Pennsylvania........................................................... 324 420 410 5.4 6.8 6.6

Rhode Island........................................................... 26 39 39 5.2 7.4 7.4

South Carolina......................................................... 131 182 196 5.9 7.8 8.3

South Dakota........................................................... 24 33 37 5.2 7.0 7.7

Tennessee.............................................................. 147 227 255 4.6 6.8 7.5

Texas.................................................................... 620 848 949 4.8 6.2 6.8

Utah..................................................................... 71 107 118 4.4 6.2 6.7

Vermont................................................................. 16 24 23 5.2 7.5 7.2

Virginia.................................................................. 214 344 319 5.2 8.0 7.4

Washington............................................................. 130 220 217 3.8 6.0 5.9

West Virginia........................................................... 47 71 61 6.5 9.3 8.1

Wisconsin............................................................... 134 223 217 4.5 7.2 7.0

Wyoming................................................................ 13 19 19 4.5 6.2 6.5

p Preliminary
Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 6,481 6,621 6,858 4.5 4.5 4.6

Alabama................................................................. 109 104 110 5.4 5.1 5.3

Alaska................................................................... 14 18 14 4.8 5.7 4.6

Arizona.................................................................. 143 155 136 5.0 5.2 4.5

Arkansas................................................................ 62 74 64 4.9 5.8 5.0

California................................................................ 755 680 805 4.7 4.1 4.8

Colorado................................................................ 121 135 130 4.6 4.9 4.7

Connecticut............................................................. 58 67 61 3.7 4.1 3.7

Delaware................................................................ 23 21 23 5.2 4.6 4.9

District of Columbia.................................................... 22 25 24 2.9 3.3 3.1

Florida................................................................... 388 404 476 4.6 4.6 5.3

Georgia.................................................................. 229 263 272 5.2 5.7 5.9

Hawaii................................................................... 37 21 38 7.0 3.7 6.6

Idaho.................................................................... 43 39 38 5.5 4.9 4.9

Illinois.................................................................... 240 256 269 4.2 4.4 4.5

Indiana.................................................................. 116 145 142 3.8 4.7 4.6

Iowa..................................................................... 63 69 65 4.1 4.4 4.2

Kansas.................................................................. 52 51 57 3.8 3.6 4.0

Kentucky................................................................ 103 101 98 5.5 5.4 5.2

Louisiana................................................................ 103 92 114 5.6 5.1 6.1

Maine.................................................................... 25 29 27 4.2 4.7 4.4

Maryland................................................................ 101 106 108 3.9 4.0 4.0

Massachusetts......................................................... 124 163 144 3.7 4.6 4.0

Michigan................................................................ 195 207 205 4.7 4.9 4.8

Minnesota............................................................... 104 89 114 3.7 3.1 3.9

Mississippi.............................................................. 60 66 60 5.3 5.8 5.2

Missouri................................................................. 122 123 121 4.3 4.3 4.2

Montana................................................................. 26 28 25 5.4 5.8 5.1

Nebraska................................................................ 43 40 41 4.3 3.9 4.0

Nevada.................................................................. 80 85 84 6.2 6.3 6.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 25 29 33 3.9 4.3 5.0

New Jersey............................................................. 232 204 172 6.0 5.1 4.2

New Mexico............................................................ 39 40 38 4.9 4.9 4.6

New York............................................................... 321 335 337 3.6 3.7 3.7

North Carolina.......................................................... 262 223 237 5.9 4.9 5.2

North Dakota........................................................... 18 21 20 4.3 5.1 4.8

Ohio..................................................................... 221 236 228 4.1 4.4 4.2

Oklahoma............................................................... 79 80 91 4.8 4.9 5.5

Oregon.................................................................. 86 93 86 4.7 5.0 4.5

Pennsylvania........................................................... 193 214 241 3.4 3.7 4.1

Rhode Island........................................................... 24 25 27 5.2 5.1 5.6

South Carolina......................................................... 113 105 128 5.4 4.9 5.9

South Dakota........................................................... 17 20 18 4.0 4.5 4.0

Tennessee.............................................................. 150 146 169 4.9 4.7 5.4

Texas.................................................................... 577 619 586 4.7 4.8 4.5

Utah..................................................................... 81 70 78 5.2 4.3 4.8

Vermont................................................................. 13 14 15 4.5 4.6 4.9

Virginia.................................................................. 195 177 184 5.0 4.5 4.6

Washington............................................................. 124 143 136 3.8 4.1 3.9

West Virginia........................................................... 35 38 39 5.1 5.5 5.5

Wisconsin............................................................... 104 121 119 3.6 4.2 4.1

Wyoming................................................................ 13 13 12 4.6 4.8 4.4

p Preliminary
Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 5,508 6,544 6,027 3.8 4.4 4.0

Alabama................................................................. 83 109 92 4.1 5.4 4.4

Alaska................................................................... 18 30 20 6.1 9.7 6.6

Arizona.................................................................. 96 120 109 3.4 4.0 3.6

Arkansas................................................................ 53 60 63 4.2 4.7 4.9

California................................................................ 567 604 582 3.5 3.6 3.4

Colorado................................................................ 102 170 164 3.8 6.2 5.9

Connecticut............................................................. 49 70 58 3.1 4.3 3.6

Delaware................................................................ 21 22 22 4.6 5.0 4.8

District of Columbia.................................................... 22 22 26 3.0 2.9 3.3

Florida................................................................... 369 379 350 4.3 4.3 3.9

Georgia.................................................................. 179 274 227 4.0 6.0 4.9

Hawaii................................................................... 17 56 21 3.2 9.8 3.6

Idaho.................................................................... 38 48 44 4.9 6.0 5.6

Illinois.................................................................... 257 273 214 4.5 4.7 3.6

Indiana.................................................................. 120 139 125 4.0 4.5 4.0

Iowa..................................................................... 67 69 61 4.4 4.5 3.9

Kansas.................................................................. 48 54 54 3.5 3.9 3.9

Kentucky................................................................ 93 94 93 5.0 5.0 4.9

Louisiana................................................................ 66 96 84 3.6 5.3 4.5

Maine.................................................................... 26 35 29 4.2 5.6 4.6

Maryland................................................................ 83 110 101 3.2 4.1 3.7

Massachusetts......................................................... 156 191 130 4.6 5.4 3.6

Michigan................................................................ 186 213 200 4.5 5.1 4.7

Minnesota............................................................... 78 113 95 2.8 3.9 3.3

Mississippi.............................................................. 46 59 53 4.1 5.1 4.6

Missouri................................................................. 98 125 109 3.5 4.4 3.8

Montana................................................................. 24 35 30 5.0 7.3 6.1

Nebraska................................................................ 42 43 44 4.2 4.2 4.3

Nevada.................................................................. 57 81 67 4.4 5.9 4.9

New Hampshire........................................................ 29 40 29 4.4 6.1 4.3

New Jersey............................................................. 196 191 158 5.0 4.8 3.9

New Mexico............................................................ 29 33 33 3.7 4.0 4.0

New York............................................................... 258 289 283 2.9 3.2 3.1

North Carolina.......................................................... 206 222 234 4.6 4.9 5.1

North Dakota........................................................... 20 21 25 4.9 5.0 6.0

Ohio..................................................................... 216 249 214 4.1 4.6 3.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 65 74 74 4.0 4.5 4.5

Oregon.................................................................. 67 97 83 3.7 5.1 4.3

Pennsylvania........................................................... 145 193 217 2.5 3.3 3.7

Rhode Island........................................................... 19 26 22 4.1 5.4 4.6

South Carolina......................................................... 100 105 119 4.8 4.9 5.5

South Dakota........................................................... 19 23 20 4.4 5.2 4.6

Tennessee.............................................................. 119 137 133 3.9 4.4 4.3

Texas.................................................................... 478 587 576 3.9 4.6 4.4

Utah..................................................................... 53 80 70 3.4 4.9 4.2

Vermont................................................................. 11 18 14 3.7 6.0 4.6

Virginia.................................................................. 165 159 152 4.2 4.0 3.8

Washington............................................................. 111 125 142 3.4 3.6 4.1

West Virginia........................................................... 34 35 35 5.0 5.1 5.0

Wisconsin............................................................... 92 127 111 3.2 4.4 3.8

Wyoming................................................................ 15 19 17 5.6 6.7 6.0

p Preliminary
Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 3,450 4,621 4,276 2.4 3.1 2.9

Alabama................................................................. 61 72 64 3.1 3.5 3.1

Alaska................................................................... 11 20 13 3.7 6.3 4.2

Arizona.................................................................. 68 96 83 2.4 3.2 2.7

Arkansas................................................................ 37 43 42 3.0 3.3 3.3

California................................................................ 318 447 415 2.0 2.7 2.5

Colorado................................................................ 64 128 112 2.4 4.7 4.1

Connecticut............................................................. 29 45 37 1.8 2.8 2.3

Delaware................................................................ 15 15 15 3.3 3.4 3.4

District of Columbia.................................................... 15 15 17 2.1 1.9 2.2

Florida................................................................... 257 270 257 3.0 3.1 2.9

Georgia.................................................................. 124 185 151 2.8 4.0 3.3

Hawaii................................................................... 10 41 15 1.9 7.2 2.6

Idaho.................................................................... 25 36 31 3.3 4.6 3.9

Illinois.................................................................... 136 197 166 2.4 3.4 2.8

Indiana.................................................................. 71 104 98 2.3 3.4 3.1

Iowa..................................................................... 39 41 39 2.6 2.6 2.5

Kansas.................................................................. 30 37 41 2.2 2.6 2.9

Kentucky................................................................ 65 64 63 3.5 3.4 3.3

Louisiana................................................................ 46 69 62 2.5 3.8 3.3

Maine.................................................................... 14 25 20 2.3 4.0 3.1

Maryland................................................................ 57 66 68 2.2 2.5 2.5

Massachusetts......................................................... 65 109 85 1.9 3.1 2.4

Michigan................................................................ 124 135 134 3.0 3.2 3.1

Minnesota............................................................... 51 73 70 1.8 2.5 2.4

Mississippi.............................................................. 32 42 39 2.8 3.7 3.4

Missouri................................................................. 62 95 85 2.2 3.3 3.0

Montana................................................................. 16 26 20 3.2 5.3 4.2

Nebraska................................................................ 27 30 31 2.7 2.9 3.0

Nevada.................................................................. 30 59 46 2.3 4.4 3.4

New Hampshire........................................................ 13 28 18 2.0 4.2 2.7

New Jersey............................................................. 119 115 105 3.1 2.9 2.6

New Mexico............................................................ 18 24 22 2.3 2.9 2.6

New York............................................................... 126 195 163 1.4 2.2 1.8

North Carolina.......................................................... 139 151 168 3.1 3.3 3.7

North Dakota........................................................... 11 14 14 2.8 3.3 3.3

Ohio..................................................................... 133 169 154 2.5 3.1 2.8

Oklahoma............................................................... 45 53 52 2.8 3.2 3.1

Oregon.................................................................. 43 75 59 2.3 4.0 3.1

Pennsylvania........................................................... 84 140 138 1.5 2.4 2.4

Rhode Island........................................................... 10 18 15 2.2 3.6 3.0

South Carolina......................................................... 75 75 87 3.6 3.5 4.0

South Dakota........................................................... 11 16 14 2.6 3.6 3.2

Tennessee.............................................................. 85 97 95 2.8 3.1 3.1

Texas.................................................................... 339 450 465 2.8 3.5 3.6

Utah..................................................................... 34 63 47 2.2 3.9 2.9

Vermont................................................................. 6 9 10 2.0 3.2 3.2

Virginia.................................................................. 96 119 115 2.5 3.0 2.9

Washington............................................................. 71 93 102 2.2 2.7 2.9

West Virginia........................................................... 23 26 24 3.3 3.7 3.4

Wisconsin............................................................... 60 94 81 2.1 3.2 2.8

Wyoming................................................................ 10 13 12 3.5 4.7 4.2

p Preliminary
Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 1,738 1,533 1,392 1.2 1.0 0.9

Alabama................................................................. 15 31 22 0.8 1.5 1.0

Alaska................................................................... 6 9 6 2.0 2.9 1.9

Arizona.................................................................. 23 15 22 0.8 0.5 0.7

Arkansas................................................................ 12 15 16 1.0 1.1 1.2

California................................................................ 214 116 126 1.3 0.7 0.7

Colorado................................................................ 26 30 39 1.0 1.1 1.4

Connecticut............................................................. 17 20 18 1.1 1.3 1.1

Delaware................................................................ 5 6 5 1.1 1.2 1.1

District of Columbia.................................................... 5 6 6 0.7 0.8 0.8

Florida................................................................... 95 92 80 1.1 1.0 0.9

Georgia.................................................................. 46 72 65 1.0 1.6 1.4

Hawaii................................................................... 5 12 5 1.1 2.1 0.8

Idaho.................................................................... 11 9 11 1.4 1.1 1.4

Illinois.................................................................... 108 58 43 1.9 1.0 0.7

Indiana.................................................................. 42 30 21 1.4 1.0 0.7

Iowa..................................................................... 25 23 17 1.6 1.5 1.1

Kansas.................................................................. 14 13 10 1.0 1.0 0.7

Kentucky................................................................ 21 25 25 1.1 1.3 1.3

Louisiana................................................................ 15 22 17 0.8 1.2 0.9

Maine.................................................................... 10 8 7 1.6 1.3 1.2

Maryland................................................................ 19 38 25 0.7 1.4 0.9

Massachusetts......................................................... 88 69 36 2.6 1.9 1.0

Michigan................................................................ 51 68 51 1.2 1.6 1.2

Minnesota............................................................... 23 24 20 0.8 0.8 0.7

Mississippi.............................................................. 12 14 12 1.0 1.2 1.0

Missouri................................................................. 32 24 18 1.1 0.8 0.6

Montana................................................................. 7 8 8 1.6 1.6 1.7

Nebraska................................................................ 12 10 10 1.2 1.0 1.0

Nevada.................................................................. 24 18 18 1.8 1.3 1.3

New Hampshire........................................................ 14 10 9 2.2 1.5 1.3

New Jersey............................................................. 67 64 42 1.7 1.6 1.0

New Mexico............................................................ 9 7 8 1.2 0.9 1.0

New York............................................................... 112 71 103 1.3 0.8 1.1

North Carolina.......................................................... 45 60 44 1.0 1.3 1.0

North Dakota........................................................... 8 6 10 2.0 1.3 2.4

Ohio..................................................................... 75 69 50 1.4 1.3 0.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 17 16 16 1.0 1.0 1.0

Oregon.................................................................. 21 16 19 1.1 0.8 1.0

Pennsylvania........................................................... 52 42 69 0.9 0.7 1.2

Rhode Island........................................................... 8 7 6 1.6 1.5 1.3

South Carolina......................................................... 20 24 25 1.0 1.1 1.2

South Dakota........................................................... 7 6 5 1.5 1.4 1.1

Tennessee.............................................................. 30 30 29 1.0 1.0 0.9

Texas.................................................................... 110 106 82 0.9 0.8 0.6

Utah..................................................................... 16 13 19 1.0 0.8 1.1

Vermont................................................................. 4 8 3 1.5 2.6 1.1

Virginia.................................................................. 61 35 27 1.6 0.9 0.7

Washington............................................................. 34 24 31 1.0 0.7 0.9

West Virginia........................................................... 10 7 9 1.5 1.0 1.3

Wisconsin............................................................... 27 25 23 1.0 0.9 0.8

Wyoming................................................................ 5 5 4 1.8 1.7 1.5

p Preliminary