U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – APRIL 2018 

U.S. import prices increased 0.3 percent in April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 

following a 0.2-percent decline in March. Prices for fuel and nonfuel imports advanced in April. Prices for 

U.S. exports rose 0.6 percent in April, after increasing 0.3 percent in March. Higher prices for 

nonagricultural exports more than offset declining agricultural export prices in April. 

Chart 1. One-month percent change in the Import Price Index: April 2017 – April 2018 

 Percent change 

Chart 2. 12-month percent change in the Import Price Index: April 2017 – April 2018 

 Percent change 

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Apr'17 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr'18

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 11, 2018 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-18-0746
2

All Imports: Import prices advanced 0.3 percent in April resuming the recent upward trend after declining 

0.2 percent the previous month. The March decrease was the first time the index recorded a drop since a 0.2-

percent decline in July 2017. Prices for U.S. imports rose 3.3 percent between April 2017 and April 2018. 

U.S. import prices have not recorded a 12-month decline since a 0.2-percent decrease for the year ended 

October 2016. 

Fuel Imports: The price index for import fuels advanced 1.3 percent in April after declining 2.4 percent in 

March. Petroleum prices rose 1.6 percent in April more than offsetting a 4.4-percent drop in natural gas 

prices. Import fuel prices advanced 18.7 percent between April 2017 and April 2018 and have not declined 

on a 12-month basis since a 3.7-percent drop for the year ended September 2016. The price index for 

petroleum imports rose 20.6 percent over the past 12 months. Natural gas prices fell 6.6 percent for the year 

ended in April, the largest 12-month decline since a 16.1-percent decrease for the year ended October 2017. 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports rose 0.2 percent in April, following 

advances of 0.1 percent in March and 0.4 percent in February. Higher import prices for nonfuel industrial 

supplies and materials; consumer goods; and automotive vehicles more than offset declining prices for 

foods, feeds, and beverages. Nonfuel import prices advanced 1.8 percent over the past 12 months and have 

not recorded an over-the-year decline since a 0.2-percent drop for the year ended November 2016. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 3. One-month percent change in the Export Price Index: April 2017 – April 2018 

 Percent change 

Chart 4. 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: April 2017 – April 2018 

 Percent change

All Exports: Prices for U.S. exports rose 0.6 percent in April and have not recorded a decline since June 

2017. The monthly advance was driven by higher nonagricultural export prices which more than offset 

declining agricultural prices. The price index for U.S. exports increased 3.8 percent over the past year, the 

largest 12-month increase since a 4.8-percent rise for the year ended November 2011. The index has not 

recorded a decrease on a 12-month basis since a 0.2-percent decline between November 2015 and 

November 2016.

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports fell 1.2 percent in April after recording a 3.2-percent 

rise in March. The decline in April was the first monthly drop in agricultural prices since the index fell 0.3 

percent in December 2017. Lower export prices for soybeans, nuts, and wheat drove the April decline. The 

price index for agricultural exports rose 1.4 percent over the past 12 months and has not declined over a 12-

month period since a 1.8-percent decrease in July 2017. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports increased 0.7 percent in 

April. Nonagricultural export prices have not declined on a monthly basis since a 0.1-percent drop in 

October 2017. The April increase in nonagricultural export prices was driven by a 1.5-percent rise in 

nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials. Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 4.0 percent 

over the 12-month period ended April 2018, the largest 12-month increase since a 4.8-percent rise for the 

year ended November 2011. 

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-0.6

-0.1

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0.6

0.8

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Apr'17 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr'18

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Apr'17 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr'18
4

SELECTED APRIL HIGHLIGHTS 

Import Prices 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China fell 0.1 percent in April after rising 0.2 percent in 

March. The decline in April was the first monthly drop since a 0.3-percent decrease in September 2017. 

Import prices from China increased 0.2 percent over the past 12 months and have not recorded a 12-month 

decrease since December 2017. Prices for imports from Japan rose 0.1 percent in April after rising 0.2 

percent in March and 0.3 percent in February. The price index for imports from Japan rose 0.2 percent over 

the past 12 months. The price indexes for imports from the European Union and Canada both increased 0.6 

percent in April. Import prices from Mexico fell for a third consecutive month in April, declining 0.2 

percent.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Import prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 

increased 0.7 percent in April following a 1.0-percent rise in March. Import prices for industrial organic 

chemicals rose 4.2 percent and prices for iron and steel mill products advanced 4.0 percent, driving the 

overall April increase in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials. 

Finished Goods: The price index for consumer goods rose 0.1 percent in April after a 0.1-percent decline in 

March. Consumer goods import prices were driven by higher prices for medicinal, dental, and 

pharmaceutical materials. Import prices for automotive vehicles also increased 0.1 percent in April 

following a 0.1-percent drop in March. Import prices for capital goods recorded no change in April. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Import prices for foods, feeds, and beverages fell 0.4 percent in April after a 

1.1-percent drop in March. The import price index for vegetables drove the monthly decrease, falling 7.0 

percent. Meat prices also contributed to the April drop, declining 2.2 percent. 

Transportation Services: The index for import air passenger fares increased 2.8 percent in April after 

declining 6.5 percent in March. Import air passenger fares rose 7.9 percent over the past year, the largest 12-

month increase since an 8.2-percent advance for the year ended December 2013. Import air freight prices 

increased 0.7 percent in April and 10.2 percent over the past 12 months. 

Export Prices 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Export prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies 

and materials increased 1.5 percent in April. The monthly advance was driven by a 4.0-percent increase in 

the price index for export fuels. 

Finished Goods: Export prices for capital goods and automotive vehicles advanced 0.4 percent and 0.1 

percent, respectively, in April. Capital goods export prices rose 2.0 percent for the year ended April 2018, 

the largest 12-month increase since a 2.1-percent rise for the year ended August 2008. Consumer goods 

prices recorded no change in April. 

Transportation Services: Export air passenger fares advanced 16.2 percent in April, the largest monthly 

advance since the index was first published monthly in December 2000. The April increase was driven by 

higher Asian and Latin American fares. The price index for export air passenger fares advanced 25.7 percent 

between April 2017 and April 2018, the largest 12-month rise since the index rose 30.5 percent for the year 

ended July 2010. Export air freight prices increased 0.6 percent in April and 5.4 percent over the past year. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for May are scheduled for release on Thursday, June 14, 2018 at 8:30 a.m. 

(EDT).
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2017 to April

2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Mar.

20181

Index Percent change

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2017 to

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2017 to

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2018 to

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2018 to

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2018 to

Apr.

2018

All commodities................................... 100.000 126.5 126.9 3.3 0.8 0.2 -0.2 0.3

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.362 100.5 100.7 1.8 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.2

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 90.185 113.7 113.8 1.7 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.1

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 89.477 117.8 118.0 1.8 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.114 182.1 181.3 1.6 0.7 1.0 -1.1 -0.4

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.793 199.4 198.2 1.6 0.8 1.0 -1.6 -0.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.321 143.2 143.3 1.5 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.1

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.991 188.8 190.6 12.2 2.4 -0.3 -0.5 1.0

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 15.245 158.4 159.3 7.1 2.3 0.2 0.6 0.6

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 14.457 180.1 181.4 7.8 1.8 0.9 1.0 0.7

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 9.227 171.9 172.6 8.7 2.3 1.0 1.3 0.4

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.949 141.5 142.6 4.7 2.3 -0.8 -0.6 0.8

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 10.523 203.9 206.6 18.7 3.3 -1.8 -2.4 1.3

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 9.815 222.2 225.7 20.6 2.7 -1.1 -2.2 1.6

Crude........................................ 10000 6.974 231.0 235.1 23.4 4.1 -2.6 -1.6 1.8

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.524 103.0 100.3 -6.7 13.1 -12.9 -8.3 -2.6

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.367 84.3 80.6 -6.6 13.4 -15.4 -11.4 -4.4

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.555 113.1 114.5 7.6 1.5 1.3 0.4 1.2

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.752 162.4 164.2 5.9 0.9 0.8 0.4 1.1

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.684 157.5 159.1 9.3 -0.7 1.6 3.1 1.0

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.974 238.8 240.3 11.1 4.8 0.9 1.0 0.6

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.838 163.4 163.0 9.7 1.8 1.0 0.9 -0.2

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.664 111.5 111.8 2.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3

Capital goods................................... 2 26.837 89.7 89.7 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.246 117.7 117.8 1.3 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 21.338 82.2 82.2 1.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.253 135.5 135.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.899 110.8 110.9 0.3 0.5 0.2 -0.1 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.158 107.2 107.3 0.3 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.780 122.0 122.1 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.072 93.3 93.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.305 115.8 116.6 0.3 0.8 2.8 -2.6 0.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2017 to April

2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Mar.

20181

Index Percent change

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2017 to

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2017 to

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2018 to

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2018 to

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2018 to

Apr.

2018

All commodities................................... 100.000 126.3 127.0 3.8 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.6

Agricultural commodities....................... 10.209 185.2 182.9 1.4 0.0 0.6 3.2 -1.2

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 81.102 101.3 101.6 2.8 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 89.791 121.8 122.7 4.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.7

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 9.564 187.2 184.7 0.9 -0.2 0.6 3.3 -1.3

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.907 185.5 182.6 0.3 -0.3 0.5 3.3 -1.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.657 221.2 224.8 9.5 1.6 2.2 4.0 1.6

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 31.253 158.0 160.4 8.7 2.0 0.3 -0.1 1.5

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.544 167.3 168.4 5.9 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.7

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 20.708 153.9 156.9 10.3 2.2 -0.2 -0.3 1.9

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.302 189.9 191.5 9.1 2.2 1.0 2.8 0.8

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials...................................... 29.951 157.0 159.4 8.7 2.0 0.2 -0.1 1.5

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 9.334 185.1 192.5 15.8 4.2 -1.9 -1.9 4.0

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.599 160.0 160.6 6.1 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.4

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.018 123.1 123.8 3.4 -1.8 1.0 0.3 0.6

Capital goods................................... 2 36.508 109.2 109.6 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.853 115.3 115.7 2.6 -0.5 -0.4 0.3 0.3

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.592 94.7 95.2 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.063 173.9 174.3 2.7 0.6 0.4 -0.1 0.2

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.120 114.0 114.1 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.555 109.9 109.9 1.6 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.120 106.7 107.0 2.8 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.997 107.5 107.3 0.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2017 to April 2018

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Mar.

20181

Index Percent change

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2017 to

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2017 to

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2018 to

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2018 to

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2018 to

Apr.

2018

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.657 110.2 111.0 16.5 4.2 -1.8 -2.7 0.7

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.060 187.3 185.0 1.8 2.2 3.5 -4.1 -1.2

Crop production............................... 111 1.648 198.7 196.2 1.2 2.0 3.9 -5.7 -1.3

Animal production (Dec. 2014=100)........ 112 0.200 80.5 79.3 1.1 2.6 1.8 0.6 -1.5

Mining............................................ 21 7.597 101.8 103.0 21.0 4.7 -3.2 -2.2 1.2

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 7.359 101.7 103.0 21.5 4.7 -3.3 -2.3 1.3

Manufacturing..................................... 90.052 112.1 112.3 2.1 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.354 124.9 125.0 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.423 156.9 157.1 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.094 120.4 120.7 2.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.386 100.4 100.5 2.1 -0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.926 109.8 109.8 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.855 111.3 111.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.670 122.8 122.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.189 125.6 126.6 4.8 0.0 1.2 -0.1 0.8

Wood product manufacturing................ 321 1.056 141.4 143.3 12.6 -1.1 2.6 4.1 1.3

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.014 107.6 108.3 3.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.7

Printing and related support activities

(Dec. 2016=100)........................... 323 0.209 100.3 100.3 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.583 93.9 95.5 14.8 -1.2 3.4 -3.0 1.7

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.141 139.4 140.4 3.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.7

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.197 119.1 119.6 1.4 -0.1 0.6 0.2 0.4

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.989 130.1 130.3 1.5 0.4 -0.2 0.5 0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 60.509 105.2 105.2 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.530 158.3 159.5 11.7 4.0 1.4 1.1 0.8

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.127 128.2 127.9 4.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 -0.2

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 6.807 118.8 119.0 2.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.118 75.7 75.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 4.907 115.6 115.8 1.1 -0.2 0.5 0.0 0.2

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.894 110.0 110.0 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.775 116.7 116.5 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 -0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.350 118.8 118.9 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2017 to April 2018

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Mar.

20181

Index Percent change

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2017 to

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2017 to

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2018 to

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2018 to

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2018 to

Apr.

2018

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.646 142.0 141.9 6.9 1.2 -1.9 3.4 -0.1

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.445 164.8 161.6 1.8 1.0 0.5 5.8 -1.9

Crop production............................... 111 5.018 171.1 167.2 1.6 1.1 0.3 6.1 -2.3

Mining............................................ 21 3.201 87.6 90.3 15.5 1.4 -5.3 -0.6 3.1

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.137 111.9 111.3 12.0 1.8 1.9 -0.5 -0.5

Manufacturing..................................... 89.762 115.8 116.5 3.6 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.6

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.997 140.8 140.8 2.6 -0.5 0.9 0.6 0.0

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.790 159.3 158.8 2.3 -0.8 0.8 0.6 -0.3

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.694 120.3 121.5 10.0 1.0 1.9 1.5 1.0

Textile mills (Dec. 2016=100)............... 313 0.634 102.9 103.8 2.3 -0.2 0.9 0.5 0.9

Leather and allied product manufacturing

(Dec. 2016=100)........................... 316 0.270 97.1 96.7 -3.1 -0.2 0.5 -0.5 -0.4

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.074 115.2 116.5 8.0 1.7 0.9 -0.1 1.1

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.544 103.7 104.4 – 0.4 2.2 1.1 0.7

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.657 126.6 128.4 9.6 0.8 0.1 1.0 1.4

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.217 109.3 114.3 19.1 6.0 0.4 -2.8 4.6

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.357 119.2 119.0 4.8 0.3 1.3 0.8 -0.2

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.231 114.9 114.9 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.832 116.5 116.9 3.3 -0.1 0.7 1.1 0.3

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 57.690 113.5 114.0 2.0 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 3.956 145.7 147.4 7.0 2.1 1.6 0.5 1.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.011 138.5 140.9 2.5 0.5 0.3 -0.1 1.7

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 8.906 125.9 127.2 1.4 0.1 0.2 -0.2 1.0

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 14.140 83.7 83.9 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.804 115.6 115.7 2.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 18.100 126.0 126.2 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.401 118.8 118.7 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.373 120.0 120.0 1.4 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2017 to April

2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20181

Index Percent change

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2017 to

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2017 to

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2018 to

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2018 to

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2018 to

Apr.

2018

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.412 199.1 196.7 2.2 1.2 1.8 1.1 -1.2

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.382 253.0 247.3 1.4 0.4 1.5 0.9 -2.3

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.726 144.5 144.0 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 -0.3

Vegetable products............................... II 2.025 219.9 215.8 -0.3 1.6 3.7 -5.5 -1.9

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.455 484.3 435.3 3.3 0.3 6.6 -10.3 -10.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.808 127.8 128.7 0.1 1.8 1.5 -3.7 0.7

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.329 217.0 215.8 -7.2 0.5 -0.8 0.2 -0.6

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.291 110.4 108.1 -4.6 -1.6 -1.3 -2.2 -2.1

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.756 162.9 165.0 3.2 0.4 -0.1 0.3 1.3

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2012=100)..................................... 17 0.202 90.8 90.7 5.5 4.6 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.208 99.7 101.4 7.5 0.0 0.8 4.7 1.7

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.363 168.2 167.5 1.8 -1.4 -0.5 0.7 -0.4

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.206 101.9 102.0 – 0.0 1.1 0.8 0.1

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.035 130.4 130.8 2.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.3

Mineral products.................................. V 10.330 203.5 206.3 18.9 3.3 -1.7 -2.3 1.4

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.070 201.1 204.0 18.9 3.3 -1.8 -2.4 1.4

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.479 156.8 157.5 3.6 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.4

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.615 310.8 313.6 9.5 2.7 1.4 -1.0 0.9

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.392 130.4 132.1 7.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 1.3

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.447 150.7 151.0 1.3 0.5 1.3 -0.1 0.2

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100).................... 31 0.258 80.1 81.0 6.4 1.5 -1.5 -0.1 1.1

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2011=100)............. 32 0.184 107.6 107.4 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.3 -0.2

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.586 104.1 104.0 5.1 0.6 0.9 0.3 -0.1

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.644 107.7 107.0 3.0 1.1 -0.7 1.4 -0.6

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.420 141.1 141.4 0.9 -0.3 0.6 0.2 0.2

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.245 143.6 143.8 2.0 -0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.176 138.0 138.7 -0.8 -0.6 0.8 0.3 0.5

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.633 124.3 124.3 1.1 0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.0

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.598 129.7 129.8 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 1.091 172.4 174.7 13.1 -1.2 2.7 4.4 1.3

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2014=100).............................. 44 1.067 119.1 120.7 13.3 -1.2 2.8 4.5 1.3

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.070 113.6 114.3 3.9 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.706 105.3 106.2 3.0 0.7 1.3 0.2 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2017 to April

2018 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20181

Index Percent change

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2017 to

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2017 to

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2018 to

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2018 to

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2018 to

Apr.

2018

Printed matter (Dec. 2015=100)............... 49 0.205 105.9 106.1 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.2

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 5.021 114.2 114.3 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 2.006 103.9 103.9 0.1 0.5 0.1 -0.2 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.695 119.3 119.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.640 104.2 104.2 0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.382 122.0 122.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.0

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.156 120.7 120.8 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.929 131.8 132.0 1.5 0.4 -0.4 0.6 0.2

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2015=100).................... 68 0.334 99.4 99.5 3.4 0.2 0.2 1.4 0.1

Ceramic products................................ 69 0.255 134.0 134.6 -1.5 -0.1 -1.5 -0.3 0.4

Glass and glassware............................ 70 0.340 132.6 132.6 2.2 0.9 0.0 0.5 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.096 174.6 174.6 2.4 2.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.657 181.4 182.4 9.0 2.0 1.2 1.1 0.6

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.305 219.6 228.4 14.7 3.1 2.2 2.6 4.0

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.637 154.7 155.4 10.4 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.5

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.418 300.2 293.2 8.1 4.4 -0.9 -1.0 -2.3

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.952 139.4 137.0 5.5 1.3 0.4 1.0 -1.7

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.420 123.0 122.9 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.1

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.518 137.3 137.5 0.7 -0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.036 80.8 80.8 0.5 -0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.220 87.1 87.1 1.6 -0.1 0.5 0.2 0.0

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.816 74.9 74.9 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.081 114.7 114.7 0.4 0.7 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.872 113.7 113.7 0.4 0.7 0.2 -0.1 0.0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2002=100)..................................... 88 1.118 116.2 116.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.900 103.5 103.3 2.0 1.9 0.0 0.1 -0.2

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.606 100.0 99.8 1.8 1.9 0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Clocks and watches and parts thereof. . . . . .. 91 0.235 146.5 145.5 2.5 -1.3 0.0 2.8 -0.7

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.303 111.8 111.9 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.715 117.8 117.8 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.304 101.9 102.1 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.283 128.6 128.6 -0.9 -0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2017 to April

2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20181

Index Percent change

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2017 to

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2017 to

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2018 to

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2018 to

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2018 to

Apr.

2018

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.969 211.1 211.0 3.3 -0.3 0.7 1.2 0.0

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.202 169.1 167.9 5.3 0.1 0.7 0.7 -0.7

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.434 122.1 124.6 8.2 1.7 2.4 4.0 2.0

Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 04 0.259 94.1 92.6 – -5.6 -0.3 0.0 -1.6

Vegetable products............................... II 5.010 206.3 202.1 -1.2 1.1 0.1 5.7 -2.0

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.931 149.2 148.0 4.2 0.7 -0.4 1.8 -0.8

Cereals............................................ 10 1.495 201.3 197.6 13.8 1.5 4.6 4.8 -1.8

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 2.059 217.3 213.5 11.1 -2.4 2.2 6.6 -1.7

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.122 153.1 152.1 2.9 0.5 1.1 1.1 -0.7

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2009=100). . . .. 20 0.350 118.2 118.5 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.593 101.0 96.9 – 1.8 1.1 -1.8 -4.1

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.525 107.2 106.3 -5.1 -1.0 0.9 1.0 -0.8

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.754 222.9 225.4 15.6 1.3 2.8 5.5 1.1

Mineral products.................................. V 9.728 223.3 232.9 18.6 4.3 -1.7 -2.0 4.3

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.569 112.1 110.5 18.3 3.3 3.9 -1.1 -1.4

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.983 213.3 223.4 19.1 4.4 -2.1 -2.1 4.7

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.845 139.1 138.4 3.4 0.2 1.2 0.6 -0.5

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.752 167.7 167.7 -0.5 2.2 0.5 0.4 0.0

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.575 145.1 140.2 6.1 1.3 3.5 1.4 -3.4

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.256 107.6 107.7 3.3 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2016=100).................... 31 0.255 118.5 123.5 14.6 3.5 4.7 1.4 4.2

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.529 101.0 101.7 3.6 -1.6 0.8 0.4 0.7

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.816 130.7 131.5 -1.4 -2.0 0.2 0.2 0.6

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.495 119.2 119.6 4.2 -3.3 0.2 0.7 0.3

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.809 151.2 152.3 5.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.7

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.180 143.5 144.4 3.7 0.4 1.2 1.3 0.6

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.296 140.0 140.9 5.9 0.6 1.3 1.1 0.6

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.883 157.3 157.6 -5.5 -0.5 0.9 2.3 0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.685 105.7 106.3 9.7 -1.1 1.6 0.9 0.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.996 126.7 130.1 4.7 0.0 -1.0 -0.2 2.7

Woodpulp and recovered paper............... 47 0.597 129.2 134.2 2.0 0.0 -3.7 -1.4 3.9

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.072 124.8 127.3 5.8 0.2 0.4 0.2 2.0

Printed material (Dec. 2014=100)............. 49 0.327 104.5 107.5 5.9 -0.6 0.0 0.0 2.9

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.700 125.2 125.7 3.8 1.2 0.2 2.3 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2017 to April

2018 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20181

Index Percent change

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2017 to

Apr.

2018

Dec.

2017 to

Jan.

2018

Jan.

2018 to

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2018 to

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2018 to

Apr.

2018

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.478 141.1 141.5 8.8 3.2 -0.2 6.8 0.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.806 123.7 123.7 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2015=100).................... 68 0.269 101.2 101.2 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Glass and glassware............................ 70 0.412 99.2 99.3 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.122 240.0 240.5 3.5 2.0 0.5 -0.4 0.2

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.975 161.9 164.4 7.6 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.5

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.093 175.1 183.0 15.4 3.6 0.2 4.2 4.5

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.576 202.3 200.4 18.5 3.0 0.9 -1.3 -0.9

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.988 122.4 120.6 6.1 0.1 3.0 0.6 -1.5

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal (Dec. 2015=100). . . .. 82 0.315 99.6 99.9 0.4 0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.3

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.341 151.2 152.0 2.6 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.5

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 27.522 97.0 97.3 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.751 114.0 114.6 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.5

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.771 78.5 78.7 2.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.286 134.6 134.8 1.7 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.315 116.1 116.2 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.976 109.2 109.2 3.1 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.401 112.3 112.5 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.2

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.819 129.0 128.9 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.421 87.9 87.6 -1.2 1.1 -1.2 -0.1 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: April 2017 to April 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20181

Index Percent change

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

Annual Monthly

Apr. 2017

to Apr.

2018

Dec. 2017

to Jan.

2018

Jan. 2018

to Feb.

2018

Feb. 2018

to Mar.

2018

Mar. 2018

to Apr.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 123.8 124.4 4.4 1.1 0.1 -0.1 0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.416 146.7 147.5 10.4 2.9 -6.3 -2.5 0.5

Manufacturing................................ 91.028 121.3 121.8 3.6 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.4

Canada.......................................... 100.000 131.3 132.1 6.2 1.4 -1.1 -0.4 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 22.721 139.3 139.9 9.3 2.7 -6.9 -2.5 0.4

Manufacturing................................ 76.312 132.7 133.4 4.7 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.5

European Union3

.............................. 100.000 136.4 137.2 3.7 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.6

Manufacturing................................ 98.975 132.9 133.7 3.6 0.7 0.6 0.0 0.6

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.5 128.8 6.5 1.3 0.7 0.0 0.2

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 112.2 112.5 -1.2 -3.0 0.7 -0.2 0.3

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 120.6 121.2 3.5 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.5

Latin America4

................................. 100.000 150.0 150.2 4.6 1.5 -0.1 -0.7 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 18.325 256.1 257.5 15.0 5.5 -1.4 -3.9 0.5

Manufacturing................................ 81.412 123.1 123.2 2.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 129.0 128.7 1.8 0.6 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.693 133.1 133.0 10.9 3.5 -4.7 -1.2 -0.1

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.058 89.1 88.9 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)5

............... 100.000 98.9 99.0 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 100.4 100.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.5 96.6 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1

Asian NICs6

..................................... 100.000 88.7 88.8 3.6 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.1

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)7

.................... 100.000 98.4 98.4 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)8

........... 100.000 178.6 180.0 15.6 3.2 -0.2 -0.6 0.8

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 European Union countries.

4 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

5 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

6 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

7 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

8 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: April 2017

to April 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20181

Index Percent change

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

Annual Monthly

Apr. 2017

to Apr.

2018

Dec.

2017 to

Jan. 2018

Jan. 2018

to Feb.

2018

Feb. 2018

to Mar.

2018

Mar. 2018

to Apr.

2018

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 180.7 181.9 10.2 -2.2 1.9 -0.3 0.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 25.245 150.4 152.3 8.3 0.6 2.9 0.9 1.3

Asia.................................................. 62.232 170.2 170.4 11.8 -3.5 1.2 -0.6 0.1

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 166.1 167.1 5.4 -0.2 0.2 4.3 0.6

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 31.963 146.3 148.3 0.9 -0.3 0.0 -0.6 1.4

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 164.6 166.0 7.5 0.1 0.3 -2.3 0.9

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.217 138.3 138.9 4.1 1.1 3.3 0.6 0.4

Asia.................................................. 57.118 150.5 151.2 6.0 -2.7 -1.4 -4.0 0.5

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 142.2 142.3 3.8 -0.2 -2.1 3.3 0.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 33.292 147.7 148.1 1.9 0.0 -0.3 2.4 0.3

Asia.................................................. 43.168 137.7 137.2 6.4 0.1 -4.8 5.8 -0.4

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 177.0 182.0 7.9 -3.2 0.9 -6.5 2.8

Europe............................................... 42.701 203.7 213.6 16.9 7.9 1.9 -14.6 4.9

Asia.................................................. 22.129 127.7 131.4 2.4 -11.1 -5.6 0.1 2.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 10.078 167.6 167.1 2.2 -13.0 4.6 2.3 -0.3

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 158.4 184.1 25.7 4.7 -7.9 3.5 16.2

Europe............................................... 30.819 210.9 225.5 20.8 -5.1 6.9 2.2 6.9

Asia.................................................. 25.518 131.9 150.7 21.4 12.5 -14.4 2.1 14.3

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 24.262 167.5 204.9 26.2 7.3 -8.0 0.1 22.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

14
15 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Merchandise and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) include 

outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS classification 

structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to produce the 

NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Indexes - Products have been classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Indexes - Products have been classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification 

system of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" 

(f.a.s.) factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes – Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and tickets sold directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are 

included in both the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have 

used the airline consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air 

passenger fares data were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are 

calculated from data collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. 

The scope of the service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does 

not include any ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two 

definitions: balance of payments (which represent transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represent transactions inbound to and outbound from the U.S.). Fact sheets 

specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp under 

"MXP Publications." 
16 

Import Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data collected 

for the import price indexes. Beginning with January 2002, the indexes are defined by locality of origin 

using a nomenclature based upon the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are defined as 

NAICS 31-33. 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. Merchandise and services indexes also can be used to study U.S. 

competitiveness and to compute price elasticities, and the merchandise import indexes by country or 

region of origin are useful in terms of trade analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.