For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, November 18, 2021 USDL-21-2018

Technical Information: (202) 691-6199 • orsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ors

Media Contact : (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov

OCCUPATIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2021 

The flexibility to pause work and take short, unscheduled breaks throughout the workday was 

available to 55.6 percent of civilian workers in 2021, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 

today. The choice of sitting or standing was available to 43.2 percent of civilian workers. 

Significant discretion over when tasks were worked on, or self-paced work, was available to 16.5 

percent of workers, and 9.6 percent were able to complete critical job functions while 

teleworking. Only permanent, and not temporary or ad hoc telework arrangements, such as those 

made in response to the Coronavirus pandemic, are included in telework estimates. 

The ability to pause work was available to 95.3 percent of workers in computer and 

mathematical occupations, and 47.6 percent of these workers were able to telework. (See chart 1

and table 1.) 

The ability to pause work was available to 97.3 percent of workers in management occupations, 

and 29.6 percent of these workers were able to telework. (See chart 1 and table 1.) 

Chart 1. Percentage of workers with job requirements that allow flexibility by occupation, 2021 

The ability to pause work was available to 42.4 percent of production workers and telework was 

not available to 99.8 percent of these workers. (See chart 1 and table 1.) 

The ability to pause work was available to 69.5 percent of building and grounds cleaning and 

maintenance workers. None of these workers were able to telework. (See chart 1 and table 1.)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Computer and

mathematical

occupations

Management

occupations

Civilian workers Production

occupations

Building and grounds

cleaning and

maintenance

Pause control Choice to sit or stand Self-paced workload Telework available occupations

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on the 2021 Occupational Requirements Survey

Response rates for 2021 were comparable with prior releases and no changes in estimation procedures 

were necessary. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/home.htm. 
Environmental exposures and low postures 

Seven percent of civilian workers were exposed to loud noise, 7.5 percent were exposed to 

hazardous contaminants, 9.5 percent were exposed to heights, and 11.3 percent worked in 

proximity to moving mechanical parts. Low postures were required for 58.7 percent of civilian 

workers. (See chart 2 and table 2.) 

Low postures indicate the percentage of workers required to complete critical tasks while 

crawling, crouching, kneeling, or stooping. The duration of low posture work is also provided 

where possible. When performing critical tasks in low postures is required, the use of certain low 

postures is measured. If the work does not dictate the use of a certain low posture, the worker’s

choice of low posture is published. 

Thirty-six percent of carpenters were exposed to loud noise, and all carpenters were required to 

perform work in low postures. (See chart 2 and table 2.) 

Loud noise exposure was present for 39.1 percent of highway maintenance workers. Low 

postures were required for 98.6 percent of these workers. (See chart 2 and table 2.) 

Thirty-five percent of bus and truck mechanics were exposed to loud noise, and 96.5 percent of 

these workers were required to perform work in low postures. (See chart 2 and table 2.) 

Chart 2. Percentage of workers with environmental exposures and low postures by 

occupation, 2021

Stooping was required for 18.8 percent of civilian workers when completing critical tasks. Ten 

percent of workers were required to crouch, 7.3 percent were required to kneel, and 3.7 percent 

of workers were required to crawl. 

For civilian workers, the choice to perform critical tasks in the stooping posture was available to 

39.0 percent of workers. The choice to crouch was available to 38.2 percent of civilian workers, 

kneeling was available to 33.3 percent, and crawling was available to 5.1 percent.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Civilian workers Carpenters Highway maintenance

workers

Bus and truck mechanics

Loud noise Hazardous contaminants Heights Moving mechanical parts Low postures

- 2 -
Cognitive and mental requirements 

• Interaction with the general public was 

required for 78.1 percent of workers. 

(See chart 3 and table 3.)

• Work was checked by a supervisor 

more than once per day for 34.5 

percent of workers.

• More than basic people skills were 

required for 61.1 percent of workers. 

• A supervisor was present for 64.8 

percent of workers.

Chart 3. Percentage of workers required to 

interact with the general public, 2021 

Education, training, and experience

• Thirty percent of workers had no minimum education requirement, and a high school 

diploma was required for 39.8 percent. 

• On-the-job training was required for 78.7 percent of workers. 

• Prior work experience was required for 47.0 percent of workers. 

• Credentials were required for 46.1 percent of workers. Licenses, a type of credential, 

were required for 19.4 percent of workers.

Environmental conditions 

• Thirty-three percent of workers were 

exposed to the outdoors. (See chart 4

and table 4.) 

• Constant outdoor exposure, more than 

2/3 of the workday, was required for 4.3 

percent of workers. 

• Exposure to wetness was present for 

34.1 percent of workers. 

• Personal protective equipment to 

mitigate noise was used by 10.7 percent 

of workers. 

Chart 4. Percentage of workers with 

outdoor exposure, 2021 

Physical demands 

• On average, civilian workers spent 56.8 percent of the workday standing and 43.2 percent 

of the workday sitting. 

• Reaching overhead was required for 45.1 percent of workers. 

• Keyboarding was required for 66.1 percent of workers, and frequent keyboarding, 

between 1/3 and up to 2/3 of the workday, was required for 25.4 percent of workers.

• A sedentary strength level was required for 28.5 percent of civilian workers. An 

additional 33.3 percent had a light strength level, and 28.2 percent had a medium strength 

level requirement. 

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Packers and packagers

Janitors and cleaners

Mechanical engineers

Civilian workers

Library assistants

Waiters and waitresses

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

General office clerks

Restaurant cooks

Civilian workers

Coaches and scouts

Motorcycle mechanics

Firefighters

- 3 -
Technical Note

The Occupational Requirements Survey (ORS) provides job-related information about the 

physical demands; environmental conditions; education, training, and experience; as well as 

cognitive and mental requirements in the U.S. economy. 

Additional job requirement estimates are available at www.bls.gov/ors/data.htm. For information 

on estimation concepts and methods see the ORS website at www.bls.gov/ors and the Handbook 

of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ors/home.htm. 

Sample size: The ORS is a nationally representative establishment-based survey. Estimates are 

produced from a probability sample of 28,900 establishments. There were 14,500 private 

industry and 3,000 state and local government responding establishments that provided 

approximately 84,800 occupational observations. The 2021 estimates represent 135,979,200 

civilian workers. 

These estimates are from three of five samples and are considered preliminary. Data from all five 

samples collected between September 2018 and July 2023 will be aggregated to produce the final 

estimates with an expected reference year of 2023. 

Standard errors: Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure 

that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Collected and imputed data are included in the standard error calculation. For further information 

and how to use the standard errors see www.bls.gov/ors/se.htm. 

Major terms:

Critical job function – This is the main purpose and the primary pay factor for the job. It consists 

of critical tasks that are integral to the job.

Critical tasks – Activities workers must perform to carry out their critical job function(s). 

Choice of low posture – Ability to select low posture to perform critical tasks. Workers may be 

required to perform some critical tasks in a specific low posture and other critical tasks may 

allow for choice in low postures. 

Choice of sitting or standing – The ability to alternate between positions. Three conditions must 

exist: (1) workers typically have the flexibility to choose between sitting and standing throughout 

the workday; (2) there are no assigned periods during the workday to sit or stand; and (3) no 

external factors determine whether workers must sit or stand. 

Hazardous contaminants – Exposure to substances that have a negative impact on the respiratory 

system, eyes, skin, or other living tissue. Biohazards such as blood or other bodily fluids are not 

considered hazardous contaminants. 

Telework – Ability to perform the critical job function off work premises, typically from home. 

Workers must have a formal arrangement with the employer and telework must be available to 

all workers in the job. Temporary or ad hoc telework arrangements, such as those made in 

response to the Coronavirus pandemic, are not included. 

- 4 -
Table 1. Percentage of workers with selected flexibilities, 2021

Yes No

Standard 

error

Yes No

Standard 

error

Yes

Standard 

error

Yes No

Standard 

error

All workers 55.6 44.4 0.5 43.2 56.8 [1] 16.5 [1] 9.6 90.4 [1]

Management occupations 97.3 2.7 [1] 88.9 11.1 1.4 60.0 1.4 29.6 70.4 2.1

General and operations managers 97.6 2.4 0.8 90.2 9.8 1.6 61.8 3.1 27.9 72.1 3.5

Business and financial operations occupations 97.3 2.7 [1] 95.9 4.1 [1] 49.8 2.4 40.8 59.2 3.3

Computer and mathematical occupations 95.3 4.7 1.0 90.8 9.2 1.1 38.3 2.7 47.6 52.4 4.2

Computer user support specialists 83.1 16.9 3.8 71.5 28.5 5.8 2.9 1.2 28.0 72.0 6.2

Architecture and engineering occupations 93.8 6.2 2.6 85.5 14.5 3.7 51.1 5.0 29.3 70.7 2.8

Life, physical, and social science occupations 81.9 18.1 6.0 75.5 24.5 4.3 53.1 5.7 16.7 83.3 3.1

Community and social service occupations 82.0 18.0 2.9 82.7 17.3 2.2 21.8 2.4 12.5 87.5 3.5

Legal occupations 94.6 5.4 2.6 90.7 9.3 1.8 45.3 4.5 50.1 49.9 6.6

Educational instruction and library occupations 40.6 59.4 1.3 71.6 28.4 1.6 30.5 1.2 4.0 96.0 [1]

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 74.2 25.8 4.1 72.2 27.8 3.0 27.8 3.4 27.3 72.7 2.3

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 42.1 57.9 1.5 33.3 66.7 1.4 3.9 0.8 1.7 98.3 0.6

Healthcare support occupations 37.6 62.4 2.8 20.2 79.8 3.6 - - 0.8 99.2 [1]

Protective service occupations 13.7 86.3 1.5 9.9 90.1 1.5 4.8 1.2 - - -

Food preparation and serving related occupations 21.1 78.9 0.9 1.3 98.7 [1] 0.5 [1] - - -

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 69.5 30.5 2.8 10.1 89.9 1.9 16.1 2.2 - 100.0 [2]

Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 62.6 37.4 9.4 5.6 94.4 2.2 8.9 1.8 - 100.0 [2]

Personal care and service occupations 38.2 61.8 3.6 23.9 76.1 3.7 4.0 0.8 - 99.6 [1]

Sales and related occupations 42.3 57.7 2.8 32.2 67.8 1.8 7.8 1.1 10.2 89.8 1.1

Office and administrative support occupations 72.4 27.6 0.9 81.3 18.7 0.9 10.4 0.6 9.3 90.7 1.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 71.8 28.2 13.0 35.4 64.6 8.5 - - - - -

Construction and extraction occupations 59.0 41.0 2.4 11.2 88.8 1.2 14.2 1.0 - 99.7 [1]

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 69.7 30.3 2.4 20.5 79.5 2.9 11.8 2.4 - 99.2 [1]

Production occupations 42.4 57.6 1.7 16.1 83.9 0.8 6.2 0.8 - 99.8 [1]

Team assemblers 30.0 70.0 4.7 5.1 94.9 2.3 0.5 [1] - 100.0 [2]

Transportation and material moving occupations 30.9 69.1 2.8 5.9 94.1 0.8 3.6 0.6 - - -

[1] Standard error is less than 0.5.

[2] The standard error is not available for this estimate.

Note: Dashes indicate that the estimate was not publishable or there are no workers with the requirement. Due to rounding sum of estimates may not equal 100 percent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

Ability to pause work

Occupation and occupational group

Choice of sitting or standing Workload is self-paced Telework

- 5 -
Table 2. Percentage of workers with environmental exposures and low postures, 2021

Yes

Standard 

error

Yes No

Standard 

error

Yes No

Standard 

error

Yes No

Standard 

error

Yes No

Standard 

error

All workers 7.0 [1] 7.5 92.5 [1] 9.5 [1] [1] 11.3 88.7 [1] 58.7 41.3 0.5

Management occupations 1.9 [1] 2.4 97.6 [1] 3.5 0.8 0.8 3.4 96.6 0.6 19.3 80.7 1.0

Business and financial operations occupations 0.5 [1] 0.6 99.4 [1] 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 99.3 [1] 12.0 88.0 1.4

Computer and mathematical occupations - - - 100.0 [1] 0.8 [1] [1] - 99.9 [1] 22.8 77.2 1.6

Architecture and engineering occupations 2.9 1.0 8.0 92.0 1.9 11.1 2.0 2.0 13.1 86.9 3.5 27.6 72.4 4.1

Life, physical, and social science occupations 1.3 0.5 27.6 72.4 5.2 8.7 1.5 1.5 7.7 92.3 2.5 48.3 51.7 3.3

Community and social service occupations - - - 99.0 0.5 - [1] [1] - 100.0 [1] 30.4 69.6 2.9

Legal occupations - - - 100.0 [2] - [2] [2] - 100.0 [2] 11.4 88.6 2.9

Educational instruction and library occupations 1.8 0.6 1.8 98.2 0.5 0.7 [1] [1] 1.0 99.0 [1] 53.8 46.2 2.0

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 8.3 2.4 - 98.9 0.8 5.3 1.5 1.5 - 98.1 1.0 37.1 62.9 4.3

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 0.7 [1] 7.4 92.6 0.8 - [1] [1] 1.4 98.6 [1] 75.0 25.0 1.8

Healthcare support occupations - - 2.9 97.1 0.6 - [2] [2] 1.0 99.0 [1] 82.9 17.1 2.0

Protective service occupations 14.6 1.4 25.8 74.2 2.0 28.5 2.0 2.0 9.7 90.3 1.9 82.3 17.7 2.2

Food preparation and serving related occupations 9.4 1.5 1.4 98.6 [1] 1.5 [1] [1] 7.7 92.3 0.9 80.6 19.4 1.8

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 8.1 1.5 20.5 79.5 1.8 21.2 1.3 1.3 27.8 72.2 1.5 97.3 2.7 0.5

Personal care and service occupations 11.4 1.5 10.4 89.6 1.8 2.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 99.2 [1] 73.7 26.3 3.8

Sales and related occupations 0.5 [1] 1.1 98.9 [1] 5.1 [1] [1] 1.1 98.9 [1] 62.2 37.8 1.5

Office and administrative support occupations 0.9 [1] - 99.6 [1] 0.7 [1] [1] 0.7 99.3 [1] 23.4 76.6 0.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 35.3 9.8 - 92.0 4.9 28.7 7.8 7.8 30.6 69.4 7.5 89.1 - 7.8

Construction and extraction occupations 21.3 2.2 30.9 69.1 1.7 65.8 2.0 2.0 49.3 50.7 2.1 93.3 6.7 2.2

Carpenters 36.0 7.2 28.1 71.9 6.7 86.5 4.8 4.8 84.4 15.6 6.0 100.0 - [1]

Highway maintenance workers 39.1 7.2 45.9 54.1 7.0 46.2 6.0 6.0 76.3 23.7 4.5 98.6 - 1.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 16.3 1.4 34.2 65.8 1.3 52.1 2.8 2.8 50.4 49.6 2.2 95.8 4.2 0.8

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 35.0 8.9 61.5 38.5 8.7 50.6 10.8 10.8 62.5 37.5 6.0 96.5 - 2.8

Production occupations 22.5 1.3 18.7 81.3 2.0 10.7 1.2 1.2 48.6 51.4 1.8 69.5 30.5 1.0

Transportation and material moving occupations 18.7 1.8 6.5 93.5 0.9 10.7 1.6 1.6 13.8 86.2 1.1 84.8 15.2 1.2

[1] Standard error is less than 0.5.

[2] The standard error is not available for this estimate.

Note: Dashes indicate that the estimate was not publishable or there are no workers with the requirement. Due to rounding sum of estimates may not equal 100 percent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

Occupation and occupational group

Loud noise Exposed to hazardous 

contaminants

Exposed to heights In proximity to moving 

mechanical parts Low postures required

- 6 -
Table 3. Percentage of workers required to interact with the general public, 2021

Occupation and occupational group Required Not required Standard error

All workers 78.1 21.9 0.5

Management occupations 88.6 11.4 1.0

General and operations managers 89.2 10.8 2.2

Business and financial operations occupations 79.2 20.8 2.6

Human resources specialists 87.0 13.0 5.1

Computer and mathematical occupations 51.3 48.7 3.8

Web developers 53.6 46.4 10.0

Architecture and engineering occupations 62.9 37.1 2.9

Civil engineers 77.9 22.1 7.7

Life, physical, and social science occupations 69.8 30.2 5.2

Chemists 56.9 43.1 8.1

Legal occupations 98.4 1.6 0.6

Educational instruction and library occupations 97.5 2.5 [2]

Instructional coordinators 85.7 14.3 5.9

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 82.9 17.1 1.8

Graphic designers 66.1 33.9 7.6

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 96.9 3.1 0.5

Nurse practitioners 100.0 - [3]

Healthcare support occupations 96.4 3.6 0.6

Personal care aides 95.3 4.7 1.4

Protective service occupations 98.0 2.0 0.7

Correctional officers and jailers 93.4 6.6 2.0

Food preparation and serving related occupations 86.2 13.8 0.6

Chefs and head cooks 84.7 15.3 3.4

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 55.5 44.5 3.3

Maids and housekeeping cleaners 79.4 20.6 3.4

Personal care and service occupations 98.4 1.6 0.7

Childcare workers 100.0 - [3]

Sales and related occupations 99.8 [1] [2]

Cashiers 100.0 - [3]

Office and administrative support occupations 89.4 10.6 1.0

Office clerks, general 86.6 13.4 2.0

Construction and extraction occupations 43.7 56.3 1.4

Construction laborers 22.4 77.6 5.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 65.1 34.9 1.7

Automotive service technicians and mechanics 76.6 23.4 4.9

Production occupations 15.3 84.7 1.4

Machinists 11.6 88.4 2.8

Transportation and material moving occupations 61.1 38.9 1.4

Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers 82.8 17.2 5.6

[1] Estimate is less than 0.5 percent. 

[2] Standard error is less than 0.5.

[3] The standard error is not available for this estimate.

Note: Dashes indicate that the estimate was not publishable or there are no workers with the requirement. Due to rounding

sum of estimates may not equal 100 percent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

- 7 -
Table 4. Percentage of workers exposed to the outdoors, 2021

Occupation and occupational group Exposed Not exposed Standard error

All workers 33.0 67.0 0.5

Management occupations 24.0 76.0 1.2

General and operations managers 28.5 71.5 2.3

Business and financial operations occupations 8.9 91.1 1.1

Human resources specialists 2.0 98.0 0.8

Computer and mathematical occupations 1.4 98.6 0.5

Computer network support specialists 2.7 97.3 0.9

Architecture and engineering occupations 32.7 67.3 2.7

Civil engineers 83.1 16.9 6.1

Life, physical, and social science occupations 38.7 61.3 4.9

Physicists - 100.0 [1]

Community and social service occupations 24.3 75.7 2.6

Community health workers 39.0 61.0 10.4

Educational instruction and library occupations 42.6 57.4 2.0

Instructional coordinators 4.6 95.4 2.0

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 30.5 69.5 2.9

News analysts, reporters, and journalists 94.1 5.9 1.7

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 7.8 92.2 0.7

Nurse practitioners - 100.0 [1]

Healthcare support occupations 31.1 68.9 1.3

Personal care aides 49.8 50.2 5.3

Protective service occupations 89.1 10.9 1.1

Correctional officers and jailers 85.7 14.3 3.3

Food preparation and serving related occupations 33.5 66.5 1.2

Chefs and head cooks 10.0 90.0 3.3

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 73.7 26.3 3.4

Maids and housekeeping cleaners 40.1 59.9 5.3

Personal care and service occupations 52.5 47.5 5.1

Childcare workers 84.9 15.1 5.0

Sales and related occupations 26.6 73.4 1.7

Cashiers 24.4 75.6 1.6

Office and administrative support occupations 5.2 94.8 0.5

Office clerks, general 5.5 94.5 2.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 85.0 15.0 6.2

Construction and extraction occupations 94.0 6.0 0.7

Electricians 94.4 5.6 1.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 82.4 17.6 1.8

Automotive service technicians and mechanics 79.4 20.6 5.3

Production occupations 11.8 88.2 1.0

Machinists 7.1 92.9 2.5

Transportation and material moving occupations 58.3 41.7 1.5

Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers 93.6 6.4 3.0

[1] The standard error is not available for this estimate.

Note: Dashes indicate that the estimate was not publishable or there are no workers with the requirement. Due to rounding 

sum of estimates may not equal 100 percent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

- 8 -
Table 5. Percentage of workers with specific vocational preparation requirements, 2021

Estimate Standard 

error

Estimate Standard 

error

Estimate Standard 

error

All workers 2.8 [1] 31.0 0.5 4.6 [1]

Healthcare support occupations 7.0 1.4 45.6 3.8 8.4 0.7

Personal care aides 16.4 6.5 62.1 8.6 6.3 3.1

Protective service occupations 2.8 0.5 29.6 1.9 8.3 0.9

Correctional officers and jailers 3.5 1.4 8.0 2.5 27.9 4.1

Security guards 1.1 [1] 59.1 4.7 5.6 1.3

Food preparation and serving related occupations 3.7 0.6 70.8 1.1 1.8 [1]

Cooks, fast food - - 86.0 4.8 - -

Fast food and counter workers 5.3 0.9 86.8 2.2 - -

Dishwashers 19.8 5.3 79.7 5.3 - -

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop - - 94.1 1.3 - -

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4.7 1.1 68.6 1.3 4.5 1.4

Janitors and cleaners 9.6 2.1 69.8 2.3 1.9 0.6

Maids and housekeeping cleaners - - 91.7 2.7 - -

Personal care and service occupations 5.7 1.0 51.8 4.5 5.4 1.4

Animal caretakers - - 84.3 3.5 - -

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers - - 86.4 6.1 - -

Amusement and recreation attendants 5.2 2.4 92.5 2.8 - -

Recreation workers - - 75.7 14.0 - -

Sales and related occupations 2.0 0.6 59.9 2.0 4.3 [1]

Cashiers - - 96.6 0.7 0.6 [1]

Counter and rental clerks - - 75.9 9.2 - -

Retail salespersons 5.4 1.9 76.1 1.6 3.2 0.5

Office and administrative support occupations 2.0 0.5 27.9 1.0 7.3 0.7

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks - - 67.2 10.1 14.1 6.9

Receptionists and information clerks 2.6 0.9 57.3 3.4 5.3 1.6

Office clerks, general 2.7 0.9 28.4 3.2 6.5 1.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations - - 42.5 8.7 - -

Construction and extraction occupations 3.5 0.8 22.3 1.7 7.6 1.4

Construction laborers 14.8 4.6 44.6 8.0 8.6 2.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 1.5 0.7 10.3 1.6 4.6 0.8

Tire repairers and changers - - 75.8 10.1 - -

Production occupations 2.2 0.6 34.2 1.5 11.3 1.6

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers - - 91.1 5.1 - -

Helpers--production workers - - 87.1 5.4 - -

Transportation and material moving occupations 7.7 0.9 55.4 2.1 7.1 0.7

Driver/sales workers - - 80.9 5.1 - -

Bus drivers, school 8.6 1.9 78.8 4.3 6.8 3.0

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 12.5 5.8 78.8 6.8 - -

Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 15.8 1.8 67.5 2.4 4.9 1.0

Packers and packagers, hand 14.2 5.1 77.1 3.7 - -

Stockers and order fillers 3.7 1.6 81.7 4.3 4.2 1.0

[1] Standard error is less than 0.5.

Note: Dashes indicate that the estimate was not publishable or there are no workers with the requirement. Due to rounding sum of 

estimates may not equal 100 percent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

Occupation and occupational group

Short demonstration 

only

Beyond short 

demonstration, up to and 

including 1 month

Over 1 month, up to 

and including 3 

months

SVP level 1 SVP level 2 SVP level 3

- 9 -