For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, March 17, 2017 USDL-17-0321 

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov

EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION – DECEMBER 2016

Employer costs for employee compensation averaged $34.90 per hour worked in December 2016, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries averaged $23.87 per hour worked 

and accounted for 68.4 percent of these costs, while benefits averaged $11.03 and accounted for the 

remaining 31.6 percent. Total employer compensation costs for private industry workers averaged 

$32.76 per hour worked in December 2016. Total employer compensation costs for state and local 

government workers averaged $47.85 per hour worked in December 2016. 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), a product of the National Compensation Survey, 

measures employer costs for wages, salaries, and employee benefits for nonfarm private and state and 

local government workers. 

Supplemental pay benefit costs in private industry

Supplemental pay costs for private industry workers in December 2016 averaged $1.15 per hour 

worked or 3.5 percent of total compensation. Supplemental pay includes employer costs for employee 

overtime and premium pay, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses. 

In December 2016, the largest component of supplemental pay costs for private industry employers were 

nonproduction bonuses, averaging 83 cents per hour worked or 2.5 percent of total compensation. (See 

table 5.) Nonproduction bonuses are given at the discretion of the employer and are not tied to a 

production formula. Common nonproduction bonuses include end-of-year and holiday bonuses, referral 

bonuses, and cash profit sharing. For more information on nonproduction bonus access rates, please see 

Chart 1. Supplemental pay costs, selected occupational 

groups, private industry workers, December 2016

Chart 2. Supplemental pay costs, selected industry 

groups, private industry workers, December 2016

Cost per hour worked Cost per hour worked
- 2 -

National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits in the United States, March 2016 at 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefits/2016/benefits.htm#other. 

Overtime and premium pay averaged 26 cents per hour worked in December 2016. Overtime and 

premium supplemental pay includes pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule. Shift 

differentials, or extra payments for working a non-traditional work schedule, averaged only 6 cents per 

hour worked. (See table 5.) 

Supplemental pay averaged $1.40 per hour worked for union workers and $1.12 for nonunion workers. 

For union workers, the largest supplemental pay component was overtime and premium pay at 78 cents 

per hour worked. For nonunion workers, nonproduction bonuses was the largest component at 87 cents 

per hour worked. (See table 5.) 

Supplemental pay varied widely by major occupational and industry groups. For major occupational 

groups, supplemental pay ranged from $2.53 per hour worked for management, professional, and related 

workers to 24 cents for service workers. (See chart 1 and table 5.) Major industry groups also showed 

wide variation for supplemental pay, averaging $3.43 for financial activities workers and 13 cents for 

leisure and hospitality workers. (See chart 2 and table 6.) 

Supplemental pay by establishment employment size ranged from 99 cents per hour worked for under 

100 workers compared with $1.92 for 500 workers or more. (See table 8.) Supplemental pay costs 

averaged $1.50 per hour worked for full-time workers and 20 cents for part-time workers. (See table 11.) 

Benefit costs in private industry

Private industry employer costs for paid leave averaged $2.28 per hour worked or 6.9 percent of total 

compensation, supplemental pay averaged $1.15 or 3.5 percent, insurance benefits averaged $2.63 or 

8.0 percent, retirement and savings averaged $1.31 or 4.0 percent, and legally required benefits

averaged $2.56 per hour worked or 7.8 percent. (See table A and table 5.)

Table A. Relative importance of employer costs for employee compensation, December 2016 

Compensation 

component

Civilian 

workers1

Private 

industry

State and local 

government

Wages and salaries 68.4% 69.7% 63.0%

Benefits 31.6 30.3 37.0

 Paid leave 7.1 6.9 7.5

 Supplemental pay 3.0 3.5 1.0

 Insurance 8.8 8.0 11.8

 Health 8.3 7.6 11.5

 Retirement and savings 5.4 4.0 11.1

 Defined benefit 3.4 1.8 10.3

 Defined contribution 2.0 2.2 0.8

 Legally required 7.4 7.8 5.6

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy, except those in private households, and 

 workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
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____________ 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for March 2017 is scheduled to be released on 

Friday, June 9, 2017, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data on total compensation, wages and salaries, and 

benefits in private industry are produced annually in the March reference period for 15 metropolitan 

areas. For further information about metropolitan area ECEC estimates see the September 2009 article, 

BLS Introduces New Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Data for Private Industry Workers in 

15 Metropolitan Areas, at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/cwc/bls-introduces-new-employer-costs-foremployee-compensation-data-for-private-industry-workers-in-15-metropolitan-areas.pdf. 

Supplemental tables with occupational, establishment size, and bargaining status series by industry 

group are available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuptc41.pdf and www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuphst.pdf. 

Relative standard errors for all cost estimates in the most recent news release are available at 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ececrse.pdf and www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuprse.pdf. 

Historical ECEC data are available in three listings, all available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The 

earliest historical listing covers data for the March reference periods from 1986 to 2001. These data use 

the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and Census of Population occupational classification 

systems. A second listing contains data for the March, June, September, and December reference periods 

from March 2002 to December 2003. These data are also based on the SIC and Census of Population 

occupational classification systems. The most recent listing includes data from March 2004 to the 

current reference period. These are based on the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) systems. 

The Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) are defined by the 

Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 2003 area definitions. For more information on the area 

definitions, visit www.census.gov/population/metro/data/pastmetro.html.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— 

Telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

BLS news releases, including the ECEC, are available through an e-mail subscription service at

www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.
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TECHNICAL NOTE

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average cost to employers for wages 

and salaries and benefits per employee hour worked. 

ECEC includes the civilian economy, which includes data from both private industry and state and local 

government. Excluded from private industry are the self-employed and farm and private household 

workers. Federal government workers are excluded from the public sector. The private industry series 

and the state and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately.

Sample size

Data for the December 2016 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 

28,100 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,800 private industry establishments 

and approximately 8,000 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and 

local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. This quarter, the state and 

local government sample was replaced in its entirety. It was last replaced in December 2007. The 

government sample is replaced less frequently than the private industry sample. One-third of the private 

sample is rotated each year except in years when the government sample is replaced. 

ECEC benchmarking by establishment size and industry 

The benchmarking methodology was enhanced to include establishment size, in addition to industry, to 

adjust the ECEC sample weights to current employment. For additional information on benchmarking 

by industry, see the BLS research paper, The Weighting Process Used in the Employer Costs for 

Employee Compensation Series for the National Compensation Survey, at 

www.bls.gov/osmr/pdf/st110220.pdf. 

Comparing private and public sector data 

Compensation cost levels in state and local government should not be directly compared with levels in 

private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities 

and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private 

industry work activities but are rare in state and local government. Professional and administrative 

support occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government 

workforce, compared with one-half of private industry. 

ECEC quarterly publication focus 

ECEC news releases are published quarterly, providing civilian, private industry, and state and local 

government cost per hour estimates as well as additional detail on a specific compensation cost topic of 

interest. This quarter focuses on supplemental pay benefit costs in private industry. Topics of news 

releases for the upcoming reference periods are as follows: 

• March 2017—Compensation costs in selected metropolitan areas and health benefit costs in

private industry

• June 2017—Retirement and savings costs in private industry

ECEC detailed information and measures 

For detailed information on Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, see Chapter 8,”National 

Compensation Measures,” of the BLS Handbook of Methods at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf. 
Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, December 2016

Compensation

component

Occupational group

All

workers1

Management,

professional,

and

related

Sales

and

office

Service

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $34.90 100.0 $58.00 100.0 $25.05 100.0 $17.77 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 23.87 68.4 39.36 67.9 17.58 70.2 12.74 71.7

Total benefits ........................................................ 11.03 31.6 18.63 32.1 7.47 29.8 5.03 28.3

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.46 7.1 4.71 8.1 1.67 6.7 0.88 5.0

Vacation ........................................................ 1.20 3.4 2.26 3.9 0.83 3.3 0.42 2.4

Holiday .......................................................... 0.74 2.1 1.36 2.3 0.51 2.0 0.27 1.5

Sick ............................................................... 0.37 1.1 0.78 1.3 0.22 0.9 0.14 0.8

Personal ....................................................... 0.15 0.4 0.31 0.5 0.11 0.5 0.05 0.3

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.05 3.0 1.97 3.4 0.59 2.3 0.30 1.7

Overtime and premium4 ............................... 0.25 0.7 0.14 0.2 0.15 0.6 0.15 0.8

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.3

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.75 2.1 1.76 3.0 0.42 1.7 0.10 0.6

Insurance .......................................................... 3.06 8.8 4.74 8.2 2.41 9.6 1.38 7.8

Life ................................................................ 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.91 8.3 4.49 7.7 2.31 9.2 1.34 7.5

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.02 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 5 ( ) 6 ( )

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.88 5.4 3.66 6.3 0.92 3.7 0.79 4.4

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.20 3.4 2.32 4.0 0.47 1.9 0.63 3.6

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.68 2.0 1.33 2.3 0.45 1.8 0.15 0.9

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.58 7.4 3.56 6.1 1.88 7.5 1.68 9.4

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.91 5.5 3.03 5.2 1.46 5.8 1.06 6.0

Social Security7 ........................................ 1.52 4.4 2.37 4.1 1.17 4.7 0.85 4.8

Medicare ................................................... 0.40 1.1 0.66 1.1 0.29 1.1 0.21 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.02 6 ( ) 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.16 0.5 0.15 0.3 0.15 0.6 0.15 0.8

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.47 1.3 0.35 0.6 0.23 0.9 0.43 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.

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Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, December 2016 — Continued

Compensation

component

Occupational group Industry group

Natural

resources,

construction,

and

maintenance

Production,

transportation,

and

material

moving

Goodsproducing2Serviceproviding3

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $35.26 100.0 $27.81 100.0 $39.07 100.0 $34.19 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 23.58 66.9 18.32 65.9 25.92 66.4 23.52 68.8

Total benefits ........................................................ 11.68 33.1 9.48 34.1 13.14 33.6 10.67 31.2

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.93 5.5 1.66 6.0 2.56 6.5 2.45 7.2

Vacation ........................................................ 0.98 2.8 0.84 3.0 1.31 3.4 1.18 3.5

Holiday .......................................................... 0.62 1.8 0.55 2.0 0.88 2.3 0.71 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.22 0.6 0.20 0.7 0.26 0.7 0.39 1.1

Personal ....................................................... 0.11 0.3 0.07 0.3 0.10 0.3 0.16 0.5

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.05 3.0 1.00 3.6 1.50 3.8 0.97 2.8

Overtime and premium4 ............................... 0.71 2.0 0.56 2.0 0.57 1.5 0.19 0.6

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.2

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.30 0.8 0.36 1.3 0.84 2.2 0.73 2.1

Insurance .......................................................... 3.29 9.3 2.96 10.6 3.66 9.4 2.96 8.7

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 3.14 8.9 2.80 10.1 3.47 8.9 2.82 8.2

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.08 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 2.06 5.8 1.29 4.6 2.17 5.6 1.83 5.4

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.42 4.0 0.77 2.8 1.20 3.1 1.20 3.5

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.64 1.8 0.52 1.9 0.97 2.5 0.64 1.9

Legally required benefits .................................. 3.36 9.5 2.58 9.3 3.25 8.3 2.46 7.2

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.98 5.6 1.55 5.6 2.18 5.6 1.87 5.5

Social Security7 ........................................ 1.60 4.5 1.25 4.5 1.75 4.5 1.48 4.3

Medicare ................................................... 0.38 1.1 0.30 1.1 0.43 1.1 0.39 1.1

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.24 0.7 0.18 0.6 0.23 0.6 0.15 0.4

Workers’ compensation ................................ 1.10 3.1 0.82 2.9 0.81 2.1 0.41 1.2

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal government. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational

services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except

public administration; and public administration. 4 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule. 5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6 Less than .05 percent. 7 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

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Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

civilian workers, by occupational and industry group, December 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

Civilian workers1 ....................................................... $34.90 $23.87 $11.03 $2.46 $1.05 $3.06 $1.88 $2.58

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 58.00 39.36 18.63 4.71 1.97 4.74 3.66 3.56

Management, business, and financial ...... 69.89 46.65 23.24 6.29 4.30 4.82 3.67 4.17

Professional and related ........................... 53.09 36.36 16.73 4.06 1.01 4.71 3.65 3.31

Teachers2 ............................................. 58.30 40.20 18.10 2.93 0.23 5.91 5.96 3.06

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 58.44 39.40 19.04 2.74 0.21 6.45 6.80 2.84

Registered nurses ................................ 52.61 35.31 17.29 4.69 1.59 4.68 2.72 3.61

Sales and office ............................................ 25.05 17.58 7.47 1.67 0.59 2.41 0.92 1.88

Sales and related ...................................... 23.89 17.87 6.02 1.40 0.62 1.54 0.62 1.85

Office and administrative support ............. 25.75 17.40 8.35 1.84 0.57 2.94 1.11 1.90

Service .......................................................... 17.77 12.74 5.03 0.88 0.30 1.38 0.79 1.68

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ............................................... 35.26 23.58 11.68 1.93 1.05 3.29 2.06 3.36

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,

and forestry3 ........................................... 36.39 24.17 12.23 1.57 1.00 3.25 2.57 3.84

Installation, maintenance, and repair ........ 34.18 23.02 11.16 2.27 1.09 3.33 1.58 2.89

Production, transportation, and material

moving ........................................................ 27.81 18.32 9.48 1.66 1.00 2.96 1.29 2.58

Production ................................................ 26.96 17.97 8.99 1.63 1.14 2.88 0.96 2.37

Transportation and material moving ......... 28.58 18.65 9.93 1.69 0.87 3.03 1.58 2.77

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 40.43 27.50 12.93 2.95 0.52 4.05 2.86 2.55

Educational services ................................. 49.97 33.44 16.53 3.21 0.25 5.48 4.86 2.72

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 48.57 32.26 16.30 2.59 0.20 5.64 5.38 2.49

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 55.30 36.95 18.34 4.71 0.32 5.75 4.39 3.18

Health care and social assistance ............ 34.09 23.55 10.54 2.77 0.71 3.09 1.52 2.44

Hospitals ............................................... 45.27 29.59 15.68 4.22 1.43 4.70 2.31 3.02

Percent of total compensation

Civilian workers1 ....................................................... 100.0 68.4 31.6 7.1 3.0 8.8 5.4 7.4

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 67.9 32.1 8.1 3.4 8.2 6.3 6.1

Management, business, and financial ...... 100.0 66.7 33.3 9.0 6.1 6.9 5.2 6.0

Professional and related ........................... 100.0 68.5 31.5 7.6 1.9 8.9 6.9 6.2

Teachers2 ............................................. 100.0 69.0 31.0 5.0 0.4 10.1 10.2 5.3

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 100.0 67.4 32.6 4.7 0.4 11.0 11.6 4.9

Registered nurses ................................ 100.0 67.1 32.9 8.9 3.0 8.9 5.2 6.9

Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 70.2 29.8 6.7 2.3 9.6 3.7 7.5

Sales and related ...................................... 100.0 74.8 25.2 5.8 2.6 6.4 2.6 7.7

Office and administrative support ............. 100.0 67.6 32.4 7.1 2.2 11.4 4.3 7.4

Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.7 28.3 5.0 1.7 7.8 4.4 9.4

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ............................................... 100.0 66.9 33.1 5.5 3.0 9.3 5.8 9.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,

and forestry3 ........................................... 100.0 66.4 33.6 4.3 2.7 8.9 7.1 10.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ........ 100.0 67.3 32.7 6.6 3.2 9.7 4.6 8.5

Production, transportation, and material

moving ........................................................ 100.0 65.9 34.1 6.0 3.6 10.6 4.6 9.3

Production ................................................ 100.0 66.6 33.4 6.1 4.2 10.7 3.6 8.8

Transportation and material moving ......... 100.0 65.2 34.8 5.9 3.0 10.6 5.5 9.7

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 68.0 32.0 7.3 1.3 10.0 7.1 6.3

Educational services ................................. 100.0 66.9 33.1 6.4 0.5 11.0 9.7 5.5

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 100.0 66.4 33.6 5.3 0.4 11.6 11.1 5.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 100.0 66.8 33.2 8.5 0.6 10.4 7.9 5.7

Health care and social assistance ............ 100.0 69.1 30.9 8.1 2.1 9.1 4.5 7.2

Hospitals ............................................... 100.0 65.4 34.6 9.3 3.2 10.4 5.1 6.7

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal government. 2 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors. 3 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of December 2006.

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Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: state and local

government workers, by major occupational and industry group, December 2016

Compensation

component

Occupational group1 Industry group

All

workers

Management,

professional,

and

related

Sales

and

office

Service Service-providing2

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $47.85 100.0 $57.60 100.0 $33.00 100.0 $34.42 100.0 $47.92 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 30.14 63.0 37.49 65.1 19.28 58.4 20.08 58.3 30.21 63.1

Total benefits ........................................................ 17.71 37.0 20.11 34.9 13.71 41.6 14.34 41.7 17.70 36.9

Paid leave ......................................................... 3.59 7.5 4.06 7.1 2.91 8.8 2.90 8.4 3.59 7.5

Vacation ........................................................ 1.36 2.8 1.39 2.4 1.29 3.9 1.28 3.7 1.35 2.8

Holiday .......................................................... 1.03 2.1 1.12 1.9 0.89 2.7 0.89 2.6 1.03 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.92 1.9 1.17 2.0 0.58 1.8 0.58 1.7 0.93 1.9

Personal ....................................................... 0.28 0.6 0.38 0.7 0.15 0.5 0.15 0.4 0.28 0.6

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.46 1.0 0.38 0.7 0.28 0.8 0.69 2.0 0.46 1.0

Overtime and premium3 ............................... 0.20 0.4 0.08 0.1 0.15 0.5 0.42 1.2 0.19 0.4

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.22 0.5 0.26 0.4 0.10 0.3 0.20 0.6 0.22 0.5

Insurance .......................................................... 5.66 11.8 6.28 10.9 5.21 15.8 4.36 12.7 5.66 11.8

Life ................................................................ 0.07 0.1 0.07 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.07 0.1

Health ........................................................... 5.51 11.5 6.11 10.6 5.10 15.5 4.25 12.3 5.51 11.5

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 5.33 11.1 6.40 11.1 3.31 10.0 4.21 12.2 5.33 11.1

Defined benefit ............................................. 4.94 10.3 5.87 10.2 3.09 9.4 4.00 11.6 4.94 10.3

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.39 0.8 0.53 0.9 0.22 0.7 0.21 0.6 0.39 0.8

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.66 5.6 2.99 5.2 2.00 6.1 2.17 6.3 2.67 5.6

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 2.07 4.3 2.49 4.3 1.49 4.5 1.45 4.2 2.08 4.3

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.58 3.3 1.88 3.3 1.17 3.5 1.11 3.2 1.58 3.3

Medicare ................................................... 0.49 1.0 0.60 1.0 0.32 1.0 0.34 1.0 0.49 1.0

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( )

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.07 0.2 0.07 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.07 0.2

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.51 1.1 0.43 0.7 0.45 1.4 0.64 1.9 0.51 1.1

1 This table presents data for the three major occupational groups in State and local government: management, professional, and related occupations, including

teachers; sales and office occupations, including clerical workers; and service occupations, including police and firefighters. 2 Service-providing industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State and local government workforce. 3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule. 4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. 5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6 Less than .05 percent.

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Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

state and local government workers, by occupational and industry group, December 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

State and local government workers ........................ $47.85 $30.14 $17.71 $3.59 $0.46 $5.66 $5.33 $2.66

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 57.60 37.49 20.11 4.06 0.38 6.28 6.40 2.99

Professional and related ........................... 56.07 36.78 19.29 3.62 0.35 6.28 6.16 2.88

Teachers1 ............................................. 63.56 42.75 20.80 3.24 0.25 6.91 7.32 3.07

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 63.19 42.07 21.12 2.97 0.24 7.17 7.80 2.94

Sales and office ............................................ 33.00 19.28 13.71 2.91 0.28 5.21 3.31 2.00

Office and administrative support ............. 33.16 19.34 13.82 2.92 0.28 5.28 3.34 2.00

Service .......................................................... 34.42 20.08 14.34 2.90 0.69 4.36 4.21 2.17

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 50.38 32.81 17.57 3.34 0.32 5.91 5.40 2.60

Educational services ................................. 51.62 33.82 17.80 3.22 0.25 6.03 5.69 2.61

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 49.98 32.86 17.12 2.65 0.22 5.93 5.85 2.47

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 56.24 36.56 19.68 4.86 0.33 6.29 5.19 3.01

Health care and social assistance ............ 42.59 26.44 16.15 4.08 0.78 5.17 3.60 2.52

Hospitals ............................................... 44.89 28.40 16.49 4.30 0.93 5.15 3.47 2.65

Public administration .................................... 45.55 26.70 18.85 4.26 0.69 5.47 5.59 2.85

Percent of total compensation

State and local government workers ........................ 100.0 63.0 37.0 7.5 1.0 11.8 11.1 5.6

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 65.1 34.9 7.1 0.7 10.9 11.1 5.2

Professional and related ........................... 100.0 65.6 34.4 6.5 0.6 11.2 11.0 5.1

Teachers1 ............................................. 100.0 67.3 32.7 5.1 0.4 10.9 11.5 4.8

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 100.0 66.6 33.4 4.7 0.4 11.4 12.3 4.6

Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 58.4 41.6 8.8 0.8 15.8 10.0 6.1

Office and administrative support ............. 100.0 58.3 41.7 8.8 0.8 15.9 10.1 6.0

Service .......................................................... 100.0 58.3 41.7 8.4 2.0 12.7 12.2 6.3

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 65.1 34.9 6.6 0.6 11.7 10.7 5.2

Educational services ................................. 100.0 65.5 34.5 6.2 0.5 11.7 11.0 5.1

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 100.0 65.7 34.3 5.3 0.4 11.9 11.7 4.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 100.0 65.0 35.0 8.6 0.6 11.2 9.2 5.3

Health care and social assistance ............ 100.0 62.1 37.9 9.6 1.8 12.1 8.4 5.9

Hospitals ............................................... 100.0 63.3 36.7 9.6 2.1 11.5 7.7 5.9

Public administration .................................... 100.0 58.6 41.4 9.3 1.5 12.0 12.3 6.3

1 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

- 9 -
Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, December

2016

Compensation

component

Occupational group

All

workers

Management,

professional,

and

related

Sales

and

office

Service

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $32.76 100.0 $58.14 100.0 $24.35 100.0 $15.18 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 22.83 69.7 40.03 68.9 17.43 71.6 11.60 76.4

Total benefits ........................................................ 9.93 30.3 18.11 31.1 6.92 28.4 3.58 23.6

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.28 6.9 4.94 8.5 1.56 6.4 0.57 3.7

Vacation ........................................................ 1.17 3.6 2.57 4.4 0.79 3.3 0.29 1.9

Holiday .......................................................... 0.69 2.1 1.44 2.5 0.47 1.9 0.17 1.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.28 0.9 0.64 1.1 0.19 0.8 0.07 0.5

Personal ....................................................... 0.13 0.4 0.28 0.5 0.11 0.5 0.04 0.3

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.15 3.5 2.53 4.4 0.61 2.5 0.24 1.6

Overtime and premium1 ............................... 0.26 0.8 0.15 0.3 0.15 0.6 0.10 0.7

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.3

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.83 2.5 2.29 3.9 0.44 1.8 0.09 0.6

Insurance .......................................................... 2.63 8.0 4.20 7.2 2.16 8.9 0.92 6.1

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Health ........................................................... 2.48 7.6 3.92 6.7 2.06 8.5 0.88 5.8

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.06 0.2 0.11 0.2 0.04 0.2 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.03 0.1 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.31 4.0 2.68 4.6 0.71 2.9 0.25 1.7

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.58 1.8 1.06 1.8 0.24 1.0 0.11 0.7

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.73 2.2 1.62 2.8 0.47 1.9 0.15 1.0

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.56 7.8 3.76 6.5 1.87 7.7 1.60 10.5

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.89 5.8 3.22 5.5 1.46 6.0 1.00 6.6

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.51 4.6 2.54 4.4 1.17 4.8 0.81 5.3

Medicare ................................................... 0.38 1.2 0.68 1.2 0.28 1.2 0.19 1.3

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.3

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.18 0.5 0.18 0.3 0.16 0.7 0.16 1.1

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.46 1.4 0.32 0.6 0.22 0.9 0.39 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.

- 10 -
Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, December

2016 — Continued

Compensation

component

Occupational group Bargaining unit status

Natural

resources,

construction,

and

maintenance

Production,

transportation,

and

material

moving

Union Nonunion

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $34.81 100.0 $27.45 100.0 $47.82 100.0 $31.31 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 23.57 67.7 18.20 66.3 28.61 59.8 22.27 71.1

Total benefits ........................................................ 11.24 32.3 9.25 33.7 19.21 40.2 9.04 28.9

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.78 5.1 1.63 5.9 3.47 7.3 2.16 6.9

Vacation ........................................................ 0.92 2.6 0.83 3.0 1.75 3.7 1.12 3.6

Holiday .......................................................... 0.58 1.7 0.54 2.0 1.02 2.1 0.65 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.18 0.5 0.19 0.7 0.52 1.1 0.26 0.8

Personal ....................................................... 0.10 0.3 0.07 0.2 0.17 0.4 0.13 0.4

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.07 3.1 1.01 3.7 1.40 2.9 1.12 3.6

Overtime and premium1 ............................... 0.72 2.1 0.56 2.0 0.78 1.6 0.21 0.7

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.19 0.4 0.05 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.31 0.9 0.37 1.3 0.43 0.9 0.87 2.8

Insurance .......................................................... 3.12 9.0 2.87 10.4 6.34 13.3 2.28 7.3

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.96 8.5 2.70 9.8 5.98 12.5 2.15 6.9

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.09 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.17 0.4 0.05 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.12 0.3 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.87 5.4 1.18 4.3 4.36 9.1 1.02 3.3

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.20 3.4 0.65 2.4 3.09 6.5 0.34 1.1

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.67 1.9 0.53 1.9 1.27 2.7 0.68 2.2

Legally required benefits .................................. 3.40 9.8 2.57 9.4 3.64 7.6 2.46 7.8

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 2.00 5.7 1.54 5.6 2.36 4.9 1.84 5.9

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.62 4.7 1.24 4.5 1.87 3.9 1.47 4.7

Medicare ................................................... 0.38 1.1 0.30 1.1 0.48 1.0 0.37 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.25 0.7 0.18 0.7 0.23 0.5 0.17 0.6

Workers’ compensation ................................ 1.12 3.2 0.81 3.0 1.02 2.1 0.40 1.3

1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule. 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. 4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

- 11 -
Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry

workers, by major industry group, December 2016

Compensation

component

Goods-producing1 Service-providing2

All goodsproducing1 Construction Manufacturing

All

serviceproviding2

Trade,

transportation,

and

utilities

Information

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $39.03 100.0 $38.15 100.0 $39.33 100.0 $31.50 100.0 $27.01 100.0 $54.10 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 25.94 66.5 26.62 69.8 25.62 65.1 22.20 70.5 18.97 70.3 35.69 66.0

Total benefits ........................................................ 13.09 33.5 11.53 30.2 13.71 34.9 9.29 29.5 8.04 29.7 18.41 34.0

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.54 6.5 1.68 4.4 2.96 7.5 2.22 7.1 1.69 6.3 4.97 9.2

Vacation ........................................................ 1.31 3.3 0.88 2.3 1.51 3.8 1.15 3.6 0.89 3.3 2.57 4.8

Holiday .......................................................... 0.88 2.3 0.58 1.5 1.03 2.6 0.65 2.1 0.49 1.8 1.27 2.3

Sick ............................................................... 0.26 0.7 0.13 0.3 0.32 0.8 0.29 0.9 0.22 0.8 0.57 1.1

Personal ....................................................... 0.10 0.3 0.09 0.2 0.11 0.3 0.14 0.4 0.09 0.3 0.56 1.0

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.51 3.9 1.03 2.7 1.67 4.2 1.08 3.4 0.72 2.7 2.31 4.3

Overtime and premium3 ............................... 0.58 1.5 0.61 1.6 0.54 1.4 0.19 0.6 0.28 1.0 0.26 0.5

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.08 0.2 0.02 4 ( ) 0.12 0.3 0.05 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.85 2.2 0.40 1.1 1.02 2.6 0.83 2.6 0.42 1.5 2.02 3.7

Insurance .......................................................... 3.64 9.3 2.95 7.7 3.97 10.1 2.43 7.7 2.26 8.4 5.25 9.7

Life ................................................................ 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.1

Health ........................................................... 3.45 8.8 2.83 7.4 3.75 9.5 2.29 7.3 2.14 7.9 4.83 8.9

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.26 0.5

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.06 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2

Retirement and savings .................................... 2.14 5.5 2.02 5.3 2.15 5.5 1.15 3.6 1.07 4.0 2.34 4.3

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.16 3.0 1.23 3.2 1.10 2.8 0.46 1.5 0.51 1.9 0.84 1.5

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.98 2.5 0.79 2.1 1.05 2.7 0.68 2.2 0.56 2.1 1.51 2.8

Legally required benefits .................................. 3.26 8.3 3.86 10.1 2.96 7.5 2.42 7.7 2.29 8.5 3.54 6.5

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 2.19 5.6 2.19 5.8 2.18 5.5 1.83 5.8 1.56 5.8 3.04 5.6

Social Security6 ........................................ 1.76 4.5 1.77 4.6 1.75 4.4 1.46 4.6 1.26 4.7 2.42 4.5

Medicare ................................................... 0.43 1.1 0.42 1.1 0.43 1.1 0.37 1.2 0.31 1.1 0.62 1.1

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.23 0.6 0.33 0.9 0.19 0.5 0.17 0.5 0.15 0.6 0.18 0.3

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.81 2.1 1.31 3.4 0.56 1.4 0.39 1.2 0.54 2.0 0.29 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.

- 12 -
Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private

industry workers, by major industry group, December 2016 — Continued

Compensation

component

Service-providing2

Financial activities

Professional

and

business

services

Education

and

health

services

Leisure

and

hospitality

Other services

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $46.98 100.0 $39.83 100.0 $34.92 100.0 $13.73 100.0 $26.51 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 30.89 65.8 28.41 71.3 24.56 70.3 10.86 79.1 19.20 72.4

Total benefits ........................................................ 16.08 34.2 11.42 28.7 10.36 29.7 2.87 20.9 7.30 27.6

Paid leave ......................................................... 3.98 8.5 2.90 7.3 2.73 7.8 0.38 2.8 1.62 6.1

Vacation ........................................................ 2.07 4.4 1.54 3.9 1.36 3.9 0.20 1.4 0.77 2.9

Holiday .......................................................... 1.14 2.4 0.87 2.2 0.80 2.3 0.11 0.8 0.54 2.0

Sick ............................................................... 0.52 1.1 0.32 0.8 0.41 1.2 0.05 0.3 0.20 0.7

Personal ....................................................... 0.26 0.5 0.17 0.4 0.17 0.5 0.03 0.2 0.11 0.4

Supplemental pay ............................................. 3.43 7.3 1.87 4.7 0.63 1.8 0.13 0.9 0.33 1.2

Overtime and premium3 ............................... 0.19 0.4 0.18 0.4 0.18 0.5 0.07 0.5 0.14 0.5

Shift differentials ........................................... 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 0.19 0.5 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4 ( )

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 3.23 6.9 1.68 4.2 0.26 0.8 0.05 0.4 0.17 0.6

Insurance .......................................................... 3.89 8.3 2.47 6.2 3.02 8.6 0.72 5.3 2.06 7.8

Life ................................................................ 0.06 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 0.03 0.1

Health ........................................................... 3.64 7.7 2.30 5.8 2.87 8.2 0.70 5.1 1.97 7.4

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.13 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 0.03 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.06 0.1 0.06 0.1 0.05 0.2 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 0.02 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.85 3.9 1.24 3.1 1.45 4.1 0.18 1.3 1.12 4.2

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.57 1.2 0.51 1.3 0.52 1.5 0.08 0.6 0.62 2.3

Defined contribution ...................................... 1.28 2.7 0.74 1.9 0.93 2.7 0.10 0.7 0.50 1.9

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.92 6.2 2.94 7.4 2.53 7.2 1.46 10.6 2.18 8.2

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 2.51 5.3 2.29 5.7 2.02 5.8 0.96 7.0 1.58 6.0

Social Security6 ........................................ 1.96 4.2 1.81 4.5 1.62 4.6 0.78 5.7 1.28 4.8

Medicare ................................................... 0.55 1.2 0.48 1.2 0.40 1.2 0.18 1.3 0.31 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.4 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.17 0.4 0.21 0.5 0.17 0.5 0.15 1.1 0.16 0.6

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.21 0.4 0.41 1.0 0.31 0.9 0.30 2.2 0.40 1.5

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and

leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health

care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule. 4 Less than .05 percent. 5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

- 13 -
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private

industry workers, by Census region and division, December 2016

Compensation

component

Census region and division1

Northeast Northeast divisions South South divisions

Cost Percent

New England Middle Atlantic

Cost Percent

South Atlantic

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $40.55 100.0 $39.27 100.0 $40.98 100.0 $29.59 100.0 $30.90 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 27.10 66.8 27.61 70.3 26.92 65.7 21.00 71.0 21.81 70.6

Total benefits ........................................................ 13.45 33.2 11.66 29.7 14.06 34.3 8.59 29.0 9.09 29.4

Paid leave ......................................................... 3.02 7.4 2.90 7.4 3.06 7.5 2.03 6.9 2.23 7.2

Vacation ........................................................ 1.54 3.8 1.51 3.9 1.54 3.8 1.04 3.5 1.15 3.7

Holiday .......................................................... 0.88 2.2 0.85 2.2 0.90 2.2 0.62 2.1 0.65 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.41 1.0 0.36 0.9 0.42 1.0 0.24 0.8 0.27 0.9

Personal ....................................................... 0.19 0.5 0.18 0.4 0.20 0.5 0.14 0.5 0.16 0.5

Supplemental pay ............................................. 2.40 5.9 1.10 2.8 2.85 6.9 0.87 3.0 0.83 2.7

Overtime and premium2 ............................... 0.25 0.6 0.25 0.6 0.25 0.6 0.27 0.9 0.24 0.8

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.08 0.2 0.10 0.3 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.07 0.2

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 2.07 5.1 0.75 1.9 2.52 6.2 0.54 1.8 0.52 1.7

Insurance .......................................................... 3.30 8.1 3.23 8.2 3.33 8.1 2.29 7.7 2.44 7.9

Life ................................................................ 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2

Health ........................................................... 3.10 7.6 3.04 7.7 3.12 7.6 2.15 7.3 2.27 7.4

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.10 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.10 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.06 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.68 4.2 1.54 3.9 1.73 4.2 1.15 3.9 1.28 4.1

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.76 1.9 0.61 1.6 0.81 2.0 0.50 1.7 0.58 1.9

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.92 2.3 0.92 2.4 0.92 2.2 0.65 2.2 0.70 2.3

Legally required benefits .................................. 3.04 7.5 2.89 7.4 3.10 7.6 2.24 7.6 2.31 7.5

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 2.19 5.4 2.21 5.6 2.18 5.3 1.75 5.9 1.82 5.9

Social Security3 ........................................ 1.71 4.2 1.75 4.5 1.70 4.1 1.41 4.8 1.46 4.7

Medicare ................................................... 0.47 1.2 0.46 1.2 0.48 1.2 0.35 1.2 0.36 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.29 0.7 0.25 0.6 0.30 0.7 0.10 0.4 0.11 0.4

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.55 1.3 0.39 1.0 0.60 1.5 0.36 1.2 0.36 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.

- 14 -
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private

industry workers, by Census region and division, December 2016 — Continued

Compensation

component

Census region and division1

South divisions Midwest Midwest divisions

East South

Central

West South

Central Cost Percent

East North Central West North

Central

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $25.40 100.0 $29.49 100.0 $30.23 100.0 $30.40 100.0 $29.83 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 18.00 70.9 21.15 71.7 21.07 69.7 21.14 69.5 20.91 70.1

Total benefits ........................................................ 7.40 29.1 8.34 28.3 9.15 30.3 9.26 30.5 8.92 29.9

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.66 6.5 1.90 6.4 2.07 6.8 2.09 6.9 2.03 6.8

Vacation ........................................................ 0.85 3.3 0.94 3.2 1.13 3.7 1.14 3.7 1.10 3.7

Holiday .......................................................... 0.55 2.2 0.61 2.1 0.61 2.0 0.62 2.0 0.59 2.0

Sick ............................................................... 0.18 0.7 0.22 0.7 0.22 0.7 0.22 0.7 0.23 0.8

Personal ....................................................... 0.09 0.3 0.12 0.4 0.11 0.4 0.11 0.4 0.11 0.4

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.68 2.7 1.04 3.5 0.84 2.8 0.85 2.8 0.80 2.7

Overtime and premium2 ............................... 0.29 1.2 0.32 1.1 0.27 0.9 0.28 0.9 0.23 0.8

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.07 0.2

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.35 1.4 0.67 2.3 0.51 1.7 0.51 1.7 0.50 1.7

Insurance .......................................................... 2.23 8.8 2.07 7.0 2.64 8.7 2.71 8.9 2.48 8.3

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.12 8.3 1.95 6.6 2.49 8.2 2.55 8.4 2.33 7.8

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2

Retirement and savings .................................... 0.87 3.4 1.06 3.6 1.19 4.0 1.18 3.9 1.22 4.1

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.37 1.5 0.43 1.5 0.47 1.5 0.51 1.7 0.36 1.2

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.50 2.0 0.63 2.1 0.73 2.4 0.67 2.2 0.86 2.9

Legally required benefits .................................. 1.96 7.7 2.27 7.7 2.42 8.0 2.43 8.0 2.39 8.0

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.52 6.0 1.76 6.0 1.79 5.9 1.79 5.9 1.80 6.0

Social Security3 ........................................ 1.23 4.8 1.41 4.8 1.45 4.8 1.44 4.7 1.46 4.9

Medicare ................................................... 0.29 1.2 0.35 1.2 0.35 1.2 0.35 1.1 0.35 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.08 0.3 0.11 0.4 0.17 0.6 0.19 0.6 0.14 0.5

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.33 1.3 0.38 1.3 0.41 1.4 0.41 1.3 0.42 1.4

See footnotes at end of table.

- 15 -
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a

percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by Census region and division,

December 2016 — Continued

Compensation

component

Census region and division1

West West divisions

Cost Percent

Mountain Pacific

Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $33.97 100.0 $29.02 100.0 $36.35 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 24.03 70.8 21.07 72.6 25.46 70.0

Total benefits ........................................................ 9.93 29.2 7.95 27.4 10.89 30.0

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.26 6.6 1.80 6.2 2.48 6.8

Vacation ........................................................ 1.14 3.4 0.93 3.2 1.24 3.4

Holiday .......................................................... 0.70 2.1 0.53 1.8 0.78 2.2

Sick ............................................................... 0.31 0.9 0.23 0.8 0.35 1.0

Personal ....................................................... 0.11 0.3 0.11 0.4 0.11 0.3

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.87 2.5 0.75 2.6 0.92 2.5

Overtime and premium2 ............................... 0.22 0.7 0.21 0.7 0.23 0.6

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.61 1.8 0.50 1.7 0.66 1.8

Insurance .......................................................... 2.61 7.7 2.12 7.3 2.84 7.8

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.50 7.4 2.01 6.9 2.73 7.5

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.39 4.1 0.96 3.3 1.60 4.4

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.67 2.0 0.30 1.0 0.85 2.3

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.72 2.1 0.66 2.3 0.75 2.1

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.81 8.3 2.33 8.0 3.05 8.4

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.95 5.7 1.75 6.0 2.05 5.6

Social Security3 ........................................ 1.56 4.6 1.41 4.9 1.63 4.5

Medicare ................................................... 0.39 1.2 0.34 1.2 0.42 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.06 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.08 0.2

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.21 0.6 0.16 0.5 0.24 0.6

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.59 1.7 0.39 1.4 0.69 1.9

1 The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New

Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South

Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and

West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin;

West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:

Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California,

Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. 2 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work

schedule. 3 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

- 16 -
Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry

workers, by establishment employment size, December 2016

Compensation

component

1-99 workers 100 workers or more

1-99 workers 1-49 workers 50-99 workers 100 workers or

more 100-499 workers 500 workers ormore

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $27.71 100.0 $26.89 100.0 $30.16 100.0 $38.80 100.0 $32.57 100.0 $48.34 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 20.11 72.6 19.79 73.6 21.04 69.8 26.08 67.2 22.51 69.1 31.56 65.3

Total benefits ........................................................ 7.60 27.4 7.09 26.4 9.12 30.2 12.71 32.8 10.06 30.9 16.78 34.7

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.62 5.8 1.52 5.6 1.93 6.4 3.06 7.9 2.34 7.2 4.16 8.6

Vacation ........................................................ 0.83 3.0 0.77 2.9 1.00 3.3 1.59 4.1 1.22 3.7 2.16 4.5

Holiday .......................................................... 0.51 1.8 0.49 1.8 0.59 1.9 0.90 2.3 0.71 2.2 1.19 2.5

Sick ............................................................... 0.20 0.7 0.18 0.7 0.24 0.8 0.38 1.0 0.26 0.8 0.56 1.2

Personal ....................................................... 0.09 0.3 0.08 0.3 0.10 0.3 0.19 0.5 0.15 0.5 0.26 0.5

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.99 3.6 0.91 3.4 1.25 4.2 1.33 3.4 0.95 2.9 1.92 4.0

Overtime and premium1 ............................... 0.19 0.7 0.17 0.6 0.24 0.8 0.34 0.9 0.32 1.0 0.38 0.8

Shift differentials ........................................... 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 0.03 0.1 0.11 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.19 0.4

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.80 2.9 0.74 2.7 0.98 3.2 0.88 2.3 0.57 1.8 1.34 2.8

Insurance .......................................................... 1.85 6.7 1.72 6.4 2.26 7.5 3.57 9.2 2.90 8.9 4.59 9.5

Life ................................................................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.07 0.1

Health ........................................................... 1.76 6.4 1.63 6.1 2.13 7.1 3.35 8.6 2.73 8.4 4.30 8.9

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.12 0.3

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.11 0.2

Retirement and savings .................................... 0.80 2.9 0.63 2.4 1.29 4.3 1.93 5.0 1.32 4.1 2.85 5.9

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.31 1.1 0.21 0.8 0.59 2.0 0.90 2.3 0.58 1.8 1.40 2.9

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.49 1.8 0.42 1.6 0.70 2.3 1.02 2.6 0.74 2.3 1.45 3.0

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.33 8.4 2.32 8.6 2.39 7.9 2.83 7.3 2.55 7.8 3.26 6.8

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.64 5.9 1.62 6.0 1.70 5.6 2.19 5.6 1.88 5.8 2.66 5.5

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.31 4.7 1.29 4.8 1.34 4.5 1.75 4.5 1.51 4.6 2.12 4.4

Medicare ................................................... 0.33 1.2 0.32 1.2 0.35 1.2 0.44 1.1 0.37 1.1 0.54 1.1

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.18 0.7 0.18 0.7 0.17 0.6 0.17 0.5 0.19 0.6 0.15 0.3

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.47 1.7 0.47 1.8 0.48 1.6 0.44 1.1 0.44 1.4 0.43 0.9

1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule. 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. 4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

- 17 -
Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private

industry workers, goods-producing and service-providing industries, by occupational group, December 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All workers in private industry .................................................... $32.76 $22.83 $9.93 $2.28 $1.15 $2.63 $1.31 $2.56

Management, professional, and related ............................. 58.14 40.03 18.11 4.94 2.53 4.20 2.68 3.76

Management, business, and financial ............................ 70.43 47.43 23.00 6.24 4.87 4.60 3.04 4.25

Professional and related ................................................. 51.72 36.16 15.56 4.26 1.31 3.98 2.50 3.50

Sales and office .................................................................. 24.35 17.43 6.92 1.56 0.61 2.16 0.71 1.87

Sales and related ............................................................ 23.86 17.87 5.99 1.39 0.62 1.53 0.60 1.84

Office and administrative support ................................... 24.69 17.12 7.57 1.68 0.61 2.60 0.79 1.89

Service ................................................................................ 15.18 11.60 3.58 0.57 0.24 0.92 0.25 1.60

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 34.81 23.57 11.24 1.78 1.07 3.12 1.87 3.40

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 36.13 24.33 11.81 1.37 1.03 3.06 2.39 3.96

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 33.59 22.88 10.71 2.15 1.11 3.17 1.38 2.90

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 27.45 18.20 9.25 1.63 1.01 2.87 1.18 2.57

Production ...................................................................... 26.73 17.87 8.87 1.60 1.15 2.84 0.91 2.36

Transportation and material moving ............................... 28.15 18.53 9.62 1.64 0.87 2.89 1.44 2.77

All workers, goods-producing industries2 ......................... 39.03 25.94 13.09 2.54 1.51 3.64 2.14 3.26

Management, professional, and related ............................. 70.11 46.90 23.21 6.05 2.59 5.19 4.86 4.50

Sales and office .................................................................. 33.53 23.12 10.41 2.35 1.03 3.21 1.22 2.60

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 36.70 24.45 12.25 1.53 1.23 3.33 2.35 3.81

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 28.48 18.55 9.94 1.72 1.34 3.31 1.03 2.53

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 31.50 22.20 9.29 2.22 1.08 2.43 1.15 2.42

Management, professional, and related ............................. 56.52 39.10 17.42 4.79 2.53 4.06 2.39 3.66

Sales and office .................................................................. 23.75 17.06 6.69 1.51 0.59 2.09 0.68 1.82

Service ................................................................................ 15.14 11.58 3.56 0.56 0.23 0.92 0.25 1.60

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 32.43 22.46 9.97 2.09 0.88 2.85 1.25 2.89

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 26.70 17.95 8.75 1.56 0.76 2.54 1.29 2.60

Percent of total compensation

All workers in private industry .................................................... 100.0 69.7 30.3 6.9 3.5 8.0 4.0 7.8

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 68.9 31.1 8.5 4.4 7.2 4.6 6.5

Management, business, and financial ............................ 100.0 67.3 32.7 8.9 6.9 6.5 4.3 6.0

Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 69.9 30.1 8.2 2.5 7.7 4.8 6.8

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 71.6 28.4 6.4 2.5 8.9 2.9 7.7

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 74.9 25.1 5.8 2.6 6.4 2.5 7.7

Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 69.4 30.6 6.8 2.5 10.5 3.2 7.7

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 76.4 23.6 3.7 1.6 6.1 1.7 10.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 67.7 32.3 5.1 3.1 9.0 5.4 9.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 100.0 67.3 32.7 3.8 2.9 8.5 6.6 11.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 100.0 68.1 31.9 6.4 3.3 9.4 4.1 8.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 66.3 33.7 5.9 3.7 10.4 4.3 9.4

Production ...................................................................... 100.0 66.8 33.2 6.0 4.3 10.6 3.4 8.8

Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 65.8 34.2 5.8 3.1 10.3 5.1 9.8

All workers, goods-producing industries2 ......................... 100.0 66.5 33.5 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.5 8.3

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 66.9 33.1 8.6 3.7 7.4 6.9 6.4

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 69.0 31.0 7.0 3.1 9.6 3.6 7.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 66.6 33.4 4.2 3.4 9.1 6.4 10.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 65.1 34.9 6.0 4.7 11.6 3.6 8.9

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.1 3.4 7.7 3.6 7.7

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 69.2 30.8 8.5 4.5 7.2 4.2 6.5

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 71.8 28.2 6.4 2.5 8.8 2.9 7.7

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 76.5 23.5 3.7 1.5 6.0 1.6 10.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 69.3 30.7 6.4 2.7 8.8 3.9 8.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 67.2 32.8 5.8 2.9 9.5 4.8 9.7

1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of December 2006. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing;

professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and

social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

- 18 -
Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private

industry workers, by industry group, December 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ......................... $39.03 $25.94 $13.09 $2.54 $1.51 $3.64 $2.14 $3.26

Construction ....................................................................... 38.15 26.62 11.53 1.68 1.03 2.95 2.02 3.86

Manufacturing ..................................................................... 39.33 25.62 13.71 2.96 1.67 3.97 2.15 2.96

Aircraft manufacturing2 ................................................... 69.86 42.55 27.31 6.24 3.82 7.36 5.55 4.33

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 31.50 22.20 9.29 2.22 1.08 2.43 1.15 2.42

Trade, transportation, and utilities ...................................... 27.01 18.97 8.04 1.69 0.72 2.26 1.07 2.29

Wholesale trade .............................................................. 36.01 25.40 10.61 2.61 1.05 2.98 1.17 2.80

Retail trade ..................................................................... 18.71 14.15 4.56 0.90 0.38 1.26 0.40 1.63

Transportation and warehousing .................................... 39.24 25.15 14.09 2.79 1.22 4.13 2.42 3.53

Utilities ............................................................................ 61.15 36.55 24.60 5.29 2.46 6.29 6.28 4.28

Information .......................................................................... 54.10 35.69 18.41 4.97 2.31 5.25 2.34 3.54

Financial activities .............................................................. 46.98 30.89 16.08 3.98 3.43 3.89 1.85 2.92

Finance and insurance ................................................... 52.36 33.93 18.43 4.61 4.22 4.31 2.22 3.08

Credit intermediation and related activities ................. 41.58 27.81 13.77 3.69 1.79 3.84 1.78 2.66

Insurance carriers and related activities ..................... 47.63 31.76 15.87 4.18 2.06 4.32 2.29 3.01

Real estate and rental and leasing ................................. 30.09 21.38 8.71 2.01 0.96 2.59 0.71 2.45

Professional and business services ................................... 39.83 28.41 11.42 2.90 1.87 2.47 1.24 2.94

Professional and technical services ............................... 51.04 36.70 14.34 4.32 1.28 3.50 1.78 3.46

Administrative and waste services ................................. 22.16 17.09 5.08 0.97 0.43 1.14 0.31 2.23

Education and health services ............................................ 34.92 24.56 10.36 2.73 0.63 3.02 1.45 2.53

Educational services ....................................................... 44.45 32.17 12.28 3.19 0.23 3.66 2.11 3.10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ................. 53.57 37.66 15.91 4.42 0.32 4.76 2.92 3.49

Health care and social assistance .................................. 33.34 23.30 10.04 2.66 0.70 2.91 1.34 2.43

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................ 13.73 10.86 2.87 0.38 0.13 0.72 0.18 1.46

Accommodation and food services ................................. 12.34 9.88 2.46 0.29 0.11 0.60 0.11 1.34

Other services .................................................................... 26.51 19.20 7.30 1.62 0.33 2.06 1.12 2.18

Percent of total compensation

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ......................... 100.0 66.5 33.5 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.5 8.3

Construction ....................................................................... 100.0 69.8 30.2 4.4 2.7 7.7 5.3 10.1

Manufacturing ..................................................................... 100.0 65.1 34.9 7.5 4.2 10.1 5.5 7.5

Aircraft manufacturing2 ................................................... 100.0 60.9 39.1 8.9 5.5 10.5 7.9 6.2

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.1 3.4 7.7 3.6 7.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ...................................... 100.0 70.3 29.7 6.3 2.7 8.4 4.0 8.5

Wholesale trade .............................................................. 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.2 2.9 8.3 3.2 7.8

Retail trade ..................................................................... 100.0 75.6 24.4 4.8 2.0 6.7 2.1 8.7

Transportation and warehousing .................................... 100.0 64.1 35.9 7.1 3.1 10.5 6.2 9.0

Utilities ............................................................................ 100.0 59.8 40.2 8.6 4.0 10.3 10.3 7.0

Information .......................................................................... 100.0 66.0 34.0 9.2 4.3 9.7 4.3 6.5

Financial activities .............................................................. 100.0 65.8 34.2 8.5 7.3 8.3 3.9 6.2

Finance and insurance ................................................... 100.0 64.8 35.2 8.8 8.1 8.2 4.2 5.9

Credit intermediation and related activities ................. 100.0 66.9 33.1 8.9 4.3 9.2 4.3 6.4

Insurance carriers and related activities ..................... 100.0 66.7 33.3 8.8 4.3 9.1 4.8 6.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................................. 100.0 71.1 28.9 6.7 3.2 8.6 2.3 8.1

Professional and business services ................................... 100.0 71.3 28.7 7.3 4.7 6.2 3.1 7.4

Professional and technical services ............................... 100.0 71.9 28.1 8.5 2.5 6.9 3.5 6.8

Administrative and waste services ................................. 100.0 77.1 22.9 4.4 1.9 5.1 1.4 10.1

Education and health services ............................................ 100.0 70.3 29.7 7.8 1.8 8.6 4.1 7.2

Educational services ....................................................... 100.0 72.4 27.6 7.2 0.5 8.2 4.7 7.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ................. 100.0 70.3 29.7 8.3 0.6 8.9 5.5 6.5

Health care and social assistance .................................. 100.0 69.9 30.1 8.0 2.1 8.7 4.0 7.3

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................ 100.0 79.1 20.9 2.8 0.9 5.3 1.3 10.6

Accommodation and food services ................................. 100.0 80.1 19.9 2.4 0.9 4.9 0.9 10.9

Other services .................................................................... 100.0 72.4 27.6 6.1 1.2 7.8 4.2 8.2

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Data are available beginning with December 2006. 3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing;

professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and

social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

- 19 -
Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private

industry workers, by occupational group and full-time and part-time status, December 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All full-time workers in private industry ................................. $38.67 $26.34 $12.33 $2.94 $1.50 $3.36 $1.67 $2.87

Management, professional, and related ............................. 60.78 41.34 19.44 5.34 2.81 4.56 2.90 3.83

Management, business, and financial ............................ 70.96 47.68 23.28 6.32 4.96 4.66 3.09 4.26

Professional and related ................................................. 54.45 37.40 17.05 4.73 1.48 4.49 2.78 3.57

Sales and office .................................................................. 29.16 20.28 8.89 2.13 0.82 2.88 0.94 2.12

Sales and related ............................................................ 34.18 24.74 9.44 2.45 1.05 2.51 1.02 2.41

Office and administrative support ................................... 26.89 18.25 8.64 1.99 0.72 3.04 0.90 1.98

Service ................................................................................ 18.72 13.40 5.32 1.04 0.41 1.66 0.44 1.77

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 35.64 23.95 11.68 1.87 1.13 3.29 1.95 3.45

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 37.01 24.74 12.27 1.44 1.10 3.22 2.50 4.01

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 34.40 23.24 11.16 2.25 1.16 3.34 1.46 2.94

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 29.64 19.46 10.18 1.87 1.16 3.23 1.25 2.67

Production ...................................................................... 27.88 18.42 9.46 1.73 1.24 3.09 0.99 2.41

Transportation and material moving ............................... 31.73 20.70 11.04 2.04 1.07 3.39 1.57 2.97

All part-time workers in private industry ................................ 16.82 13.37 3.45 0.50 0.20 0.67 0.35 1.74

Management, professional, and related ............................. 39.14 30.62 8.52 2.04 0.55 1.59 1.12 3.23

Professional and related ................................................. 38.85 30.35 8.50 2.03 0.55 1.58 1.15 3.20

Sales and office .................................................................. 14.15 11.39 2.76 0.36 0.17 0.65 0.22 1.35

Sales and related ............................................................ 12.77 10.49 2.28 0.25 0.17 0.47 0.16 1.23

Office and administrative support ................................... 16.36 12.84 3.52 0.53 0.18 0.92 0.33 1.54

Service ................................................................................ 12.23 10.10 2.13 0.18 0.10 0.30 0.09 1.46

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 17.33 12.38 4.94 0.48 0.29 1.21 0.84 2.12

Transportation and material moving ............................... 18.12 12.47 5.65 0.54 0.33 1.50 1.08 2.21

Percent of total compensation

All full-time workers in private industry ................................. 100.0 68.1 31.9 7.6 3.9 8.7 4.3 7.4

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 68.0 32.0 8.8 4.6 7.5 4.8 6.3

Management, business, and financial ............................ 100.0 67.2 32.8 8.9 7.0 6.6 4.3 6.0

Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 68.7 31.3 8.7 2.7 8.3 5.1 6.6

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 69.5 30.5 7.3 2.8 9.9 3.2 7.3

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 72.4 27.6 7.2 3.1 7.3 3.0 7.1

Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 67.9 32.1 7.4 2.7 11.3 3.4 7.4

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 71.6 28.4 5.5 2.2 8.9 2.4 9.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 67.2 32.8 5.3 3.2 9.2 5.5 9.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 100.0 66.8 33.2 3.9 3.0 8.7 6.7 10.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 100.0 67.6 32.4 6.6 3.4 9.7 4.2 8.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 65.7 34.3 6.3 3.9 10.9 4.2 9.0

Production ...................................................................... 100.0 66.1 33.9 6.2 4.4 11.1 3.5 8.6

Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 65.2 34.8 6.4 3.4 10.7 4.9 9.4

All part-time workers in private industry ................................ 100.0 79.5 20.5 2.9 1.2 4.0 2.1 10.3

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 78.2 21.8 5.2 1.4 4.1 2.9 8.2

Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 78.1 21.9 5.2 1.4 4.1 3.0 8.2

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 80.5 19.5 2.6 1.2 4.6 1.6 9.6

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 82.1 17.9 2.0 1.3 3.7 1.2 9.7

Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 78.5 21.5 3.3 1.1 5.7 2.0 9.4

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 82.6 17.4 1.5 0.8 2.5 0.8 11.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 71.5 28.5 2.8 1.7 7.0 4.9 12.3

Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 68.8 31.2 3.0 1.8 8.3 6.0 12.2

1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 20 -
Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: private industry workers, by industry group and full-time and part-time status, December 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All full-time workers in private industry ........... $38.67 $26.34 $12.33 $2.94 $1.50 $3.36 $1.67 $2.87

Goods-producing1 ............................................ 39.64 26.24 13.40 2.62 1.55 3.75 2.20 3.27

Construction ................................................. 39.22 27.17 12.05 1.79 1.08 3.13 2.14 3.91

Manufacturing ............................................... 39.73 25.83 13.90 3.01 1.70 4.03 2.19 2.97

Service-providing2 ............................................ 38.40 26.37 12.03 3.03 1.49 3.25 1.52 2.75

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 34.15 23.43 10.71 2.45 1.01 3.09 1.44 2.74

Information .................................................... 56.63 37.18 19.45 5.26 2.45 5.58 2.49 3.68

Financial activities ........................................ 49.76 32.54 17.22 4.31 3.75 4.15 1.98 3.03

Professional and business services ............. 44.00 30.85 13.14 3.43 2.21 2.91 1.48 3.12

Education and health services ...................... 37.61 25.78 11.83 3.19 0.72 3.64 1.70 2.57

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 18.55 13.62 4.93 0.92 0.29 1.65 0.41 1.66

Other services .............................................. 32.01 22.59 9.42 2.33 0.46 2.84 1.34 2.46

All part-time workers in private industry .......... 16.82 13.37 3.45 0.50 0.20 0.67 0.35 1.74

Service-providing2 ............................................ 16.69 13.27 3.42 0.50 0.20 0.67 0.35 1.71

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 14.52 11.17 3.35 0.38 0.21 0.83 0.42 1.51

Professional and business services ............. 20.09 16.85 3.24 0.39 0.24 0.36 0.14 2.10

Education and health services ...................... 27.49 21.19 6.30 1.46 0.40 1.28 0.74 2.42

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 10.96 9.28 1.68 0.07 0.04 0.19 0.04 1.34

Percent of total compensation

All full-time workers in private industry ........... 100.0 68.1 31.9 7.6 3.9 8.7 4.3 7.4

Goods-producing1 ............................................ 100.0 66.2 33.8 6.6 3.9 9.5 5.6 8.3

Construction ................................................. 100.0 69.3 30.7 4.6 2.8 8.0 5.5 10.0

Manufacturing ............................................... 100.0 65.0 35.0 7.6 4.3 10.1 5.5 7.5

Service-providing2 ............................................ 100.0 68.7 31.3 7.9 3.9 8.5 3.9 7.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 100.0 68.6 31.4 7.2 3.0 9.0 4.2 8.0

Information .................................................... 100.0 65.6 34.4 9.3 4.3 9.8 4.4 6.5

Financial activities ........................................ 100.0 65.4 34.6 8.7 7.5 8.3 4.0 6.1

Professional and business services ............. 100.0 70.1 29.9 7.8 5.0 6.6 3.4 7.1

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 68.5 31.5 8.5 1.9 9.7 4.5 6.8

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 100.0 73.4 26.6 5.0 1.5 8.9 2.2 9.0

Other services .............................................. 100.0 70.6 29.4 7.3 1.4 8.9 4.2 7.7

All part-time workers in private industry .......... 100.0 79.5 20.5 2.9 1.2 4.0 2.1 10.3

Service-providing2 ............................................ 100.0 79.5 20.5 3.0 1.2 4.0 2.1 10.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 100.0 77.0 23.0 2.6 1.5 5.7 2.9 10.4

Professional and business services ............. 100.0 83.9 16.1 1.9 1.2 1.8 0.7 10.5

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 77.1 22.9 5.3 1.4 4.7 2.7 8.8

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 100.0 84.7 15.3 0.6 0.3 1.7 0.4 12.3

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational

services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except

public administration.

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Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: private industry workers, by major industry group and establishment employment size and

bargaining unit status, December 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ... $39.03 $25.94 $13.09 $2.54 $1.51 $3.64 $2.14 $3.26

1-99 workers ..................................................... 32.47 22.97 9.50 1.62 0.94 2.54 1.22 3.19

1-49 workers ................................................. 31.23 22.49 8.75 1.49 0.86 2.21 1.06 3.13

50-99 workers ............................................... 35.79 24.25 11.53 1.97 1.14 3.41 1.67 3.33

100 workers or more ......................................... 44.56 28.45 16.11 3.32 1.99 4.57 2.91 3.32

100-499 workers ........................................... 39.01 25.52 13.49 2.68 1.46 4.15 2.00 3.20

500 workers or more ..................................... 53.00 32.90 20.10 4.29 2.80 5.22 4.29 3.51

Union ................................................................ 48.16 27.93 20.23 2.56 1.97 6.81 4.81 4.08

Nonunion .......................................................... 37.36 25.58 11.78 2.54 1.43 3.06 1.65 3.11

All workers, service-providing industries2 .. 31.50 22.20 9.29 2.22 1.08 2.43 1.15 2.42

1-99 workers ..................................................... 26.93 19.64 7.29 1.62 1.00 1.74 0.73 2.20

1-49 workers ................................................. 26.20 19.37 6.83 1.52 0.92 1.64 0.57 2.19

50-99 workers ............................................... 29.16 20.47 8.69 1.92 1.27 2.05 1.22 2.22

100 workers or more ......................................... 37.36 25.49 11.86 2.99 1.17 3.31 1.68 2.71

100-499 workers ........................................... 30.97 21.76 9.21 2.25 0.82 2.59 1.15 2.39

500 workers or more ..................................... 47.17 31.23 15.95 4.13 1.69 4.43 2.49 3.20

Union ................................................................ 47.68 28.89 18.78 3.85 1.16 6.15 4.17 3.45

Nonunion .......................................................... 30.20 21.67 8.53 2.09 1.07 2.13 0.90 2.34

Percent of total compensation

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ... 100.0 66.5 33.5 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.5 8.3

1-99 workers ..................................................... 100.0 70.7 29.3 5.0 2.9 7.8 3.8 9.8

1-49 workers ................................................. 100.0 72.0 28.0 4.8 2.8 7.1 3.4 10.0

50-99 workers ............................................... 100.0 67.8 32.2 5.5 3.2 9.5 4.7 9.3

100 workers or more ......................................... 100.0 63.8 36.2 7.5 4.5 10.3 6.5 7.4

100-499 workers ........................................... 100.0 65.4 34.6 6.9 3.8 10.6 5.1 8.2

500 workers or more ..................................... 100.0 62.1 37.9 8.1 5.3 9.8 8.1 6.6

Union ................................................................ 100.0 58.0 42.0 5.3 4.1 14.1 10.0 8.5

Nonunion .......................................................... 100.0 68.5 31.5 6.8 3.8 8.2 4.4 8.3

All workers, service-providing industries2 .. 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.1 3.4 7.7 3.6 7.7

1-99 workers ..................................................... 100.0 72.9 27.1 6.0 3.7 6.5 2.7 8.2

1-49 workers ................................................. 100.0 73.9 26.1 5.8 3.5 6.3 2.2 8.3

50-99 workers ............................................... 100.0 70.2 29.8 6.6 4.4 7.0 4.2 7.6

100 workers or more ......................................... 100.0 68.2 31.8 8.0 3.1 8.9 4.5 7.3

100-499 workers ........................................... 100.0 70.3 29.7 7.3 2.7 8.4 3.7 7.7

500 workers or more ..................................... 100.0 66.2 33.8 8.7 3.6 9.4 5.3 6.8

Union ................................................................ 100.0 60.6 39.4 8.1 2.4 12.9 8.8 7.2

Nonunion .......................................................... 100.0 71.7 28.3 6.9 3.5 7.1 3.0 7.7

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational

services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except

public administration.

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Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: private industry health care and social assistance workers, by industry and occupational group,

December 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

Health care and social assistance .................... $33.34 $23.30 $10.04 $2.66 $0.70 $2.91 $1.34 $2.43

Management, professional, and related ....... 47.16 32.75 14.41 4.09 1.01 3.84 2.28 3.18

Registered nurses .................................... 52.82 35.53 17.30 4.76 1.72 4.56 2.56 3.69

Sales and office ............................................ 23.08 15.93 7.14 1.66 0.34 2.88 0.55 1.71

Service .......................................................... 18.84 13.55 5.29 1.11 0.44 1.64 0.39 1.71

Hospitals ......................................................... 45.35 29.84 15.51 4.20 1.53 4.60 2.07 3.10

Management, professional, and related ....... 54.56 36.20 18.36 5.26 1.81 5.06 2.57 3.66

Registered nurses .................................... 57.06 37.52 19.54 5.39 2.17 5.26 2.83 3.90

Service .......................................................... 24.06 15.29 8.77 1.71 1.10 3.19 0.93 1.83

Nursing and residential care facilities .......... 22.65 16.34 6.32 1.51 0.50 1.98 0.35 1.98

Management, professional, and related ....... 34.79 25.48 9.31 2.48 0.70 2.72 0.67 2.74

Service .......................................................... 17.16 12.24 4.92 1.04 0.42 1.59 0.22 1.64

Nursing care facilities1 .............................. 25.45 18.25 7.19 1.75 0.61 2.22 0.51 2.11

Management, professional, and related ....... 39.09 28.58 10.51 2.84 0.85 2.94 0.86 3.02

Service .......................................................... 18.39 12.93 5.46 1.16 0.51 1.82 0.33 1.64

Percent of total compensation

Health care and social assistance .................... 100.0 69.9 30.1 8.0 2.1 8.7 4.0 7.3

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 69.4 30.6 8.7 2.1 8.2 4.8 6.7

Registered nurses .................................... 100.0 67.3 32.7 9.0 3.3 8.6 4.8 7.0

Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 69.0 31.0 7.2 1.5 12.5 2.4 7.4

Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.9 28.1 5.9 2.3 8.7 2.0 9.1

Hospitals ......................................................... 100.0 65.8 34.2 9.3 3.4 10.2 4.6 6.8

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 66.3 33.7 9.6 3.3 9.3 4.7 6.7

Registered nurses .................................... 100.0 65.8 34.2 9.4 3.8 9.2 5.0 6.8

Service .......................................................... 100.0 63.5 36.5 7.1 4.6 13.3 3.9 7.6

Nursing and residential care facilities .......... 100.0 72.1 27.9 6.7 2.2 8.7 1.6 8.7

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 73.2 26.8 7.1 2.0 7.8 1.9 7.9

Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.3 28.7 6.1 2.5 9.3 1.3 9.6

Nursing care facilities1 .............................. 100.0 71.7 28.3 6.9 2.4 8.7 2.0 8.3

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 73.1 26.9 7.3 2.2 7.5 2.2 7.7

Service .......................................................... 100.0 70.3 29.7 6.3 2.8 9.9 1.8 8.9

1 Data are available beginning with December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

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