Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 13-0388 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Thursday, March 7, 2013 

Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • dprweb@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lpc

Media contact (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS

Fourth Quarter and Annual Averages 2012, Revised 

Nonfarm business sector labor productivity decreased at a 1.9 percent annual rate during the fourth quarter of 

2012, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The decrease in productivity reflects increases of 0.5 

percent in output and 2.5 percent in hours worked. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally 

adjusted annual rates.) From the fourth quarter of 2011 to the fourth quarter of 2012, productivity increased 0.5

percent as output and hours worked increased 2.5 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively. (See chart 1 and table A.) 

Annual average productivity increased 0.7 percent from 2011 to 2012. (See table C.) 

Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of hours 

worked of all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. The measures released today 

were based on more recent source data than were available for the preliminary report. 

Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses increased 4.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2012, the combined effect 

of the 1.9 percent decrease in productivity and a 2.6 percent increase in hourly compensation. Unit labor costs 

rose 2.1 percent over the last four quarters. (See chart 2 and table A.) 

BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity; increases in hourly 

compensation tend to increase unit labor costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them. 

Data in this release reflect the annual benchmark revision of BLS Current Employment Statistics program data on 

nonfarm employment and hours, and the revised seasonal adjustment of those data. More detail can be found in 

tables 1 through 6 and appendix tables 1 through 6. See Revised measures on page 2. 

Chart 1. Output per hour, nonfarm business, all persons, 

2008Q1 – 2012Q4

-12.0

-9.0

-6.0

-3.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

From previous quarter, annual rate

From same quarter a year ago

Percent change Percent change

Chart 2. Unit labor costs, nonfarm business, all persons, 

2008Q1 – 2012Q4

-12.0

-9.0

-6.0

-3.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

From previous quarter, annual rate

From same quarter a year ago
-2- 

Manufacturing sector productivity increased 2.1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2012, as output increased 2.5 

percent and hours increased 0.4 percent. Productivity increased 2.7 percent in the durable goods sector and 

increased 1.7 percent in the nondurable goods sector. Over the last four quarters, manufacturing productivity 

increased 1.8 percent, as output increased 3.3 percent and hours worked rose 1.4 percent. Unit labor costs in 

manufacturing decreased 1.9 percent in the fourth quarter of 2012 and increased 2.3 percent from the same 

quarter a year ago. (See tables A and 3.) 

The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing and nonfinancial corporate output series differ 

from those used in the business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not directly 

comparable. See Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation. (See page 5.) 

Revised measures 

Quarterly and annual measures of hours and related series–including productivity–for all sectors were revised 

back to 1990 to incorporate revised Current Employment Statistics program data published February 1, 2013. 

The data were subject to revision from 2008 forward as a result of annual benchmarking of establishment survey 

data and revised seasonal adjustment of those data, and from 1990 to 2008 due to other minor revisions. All index 

measures related to hours show historical revisions because the 2005 base year values were revised; resulting 

revisions to percent changes are small. Third quarter, fourth quarter, and annual average data for 2012 were also 

revised for regular updates of source data on output and compensation. Revised and previous measures for the 

third and fourth quarters of 2012 are shown in table B for the business, nonfarm business, and manufacturing 

sectors. Revised annual average measures for 2008 to 2012 are shown in table C for the nonfarm business and 

manufacturing sectors. Revised third quarter measures for the nonfinancial corporate sector are shown in table D. 

Quarterly and annual data for all sectors appear in tables 1-6 for 2010 through 2012, and in appendix tables 1-6 

for 2008 and 2009. Full historical annual and quarterly measures can be found on the labor productivity and costs 

home page at http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data. 

In the fourth quarter of 2012, nonfarm business productivity declined 1.9 percent, as output was revised upward 

slightly more than hours. Unit labor costs rose 4.6 percent, about the same as the preliminary estimate. 

Manufacturing productivity growth was revised upward, to 2.1 percent, reflecting an upward revision to output 

that was larger than an upward revision to hours. Due to both the upward revision to productivity and a 

downward revision to hourly compensation, manufacturing unit labor costs fell 1.9 percent, rather than rising 0.4 

percent as reported in the preliminary release. (See table B.) 

In the third quarter of 2012, nonfarm business productivity growth was little changed, at 3.1 percent, reflecting a 

slight upward revision to hours. However, unit labor costs decreased 1.9 percent rather than falling 2.3 percent as 

reported February 7, due to an upward revision to hourly compensation and the slight downward revision to 

productivity. In the manufacturing sector, productivity was not revised in the third quarter. Unit labor costs 

increased less than previously reported due to a downward revision to hourly compensation. (See table B.) 

Annual Average productivity growth for 2012 in the nonfarm business sector was revised down slightly to 0.7 

percent, due to an upward revision to hours worked. The 2.2 percent increase in hours was the largest since a 

similar gain in 2006. The upward revision to hours also led to a downward revision to compensation per hour. 

The increase of 1.4 percent in hourly compensation is the smallest in the annual series which begins in 1948 

except for another 1.4 percent increase in 2009. Real hourly compensation, which also takes into account changes 

in consumer prices, decreased 0.6 percent in 2012 in the nonfarm business sector, the same as the decline in 2011. 

Nonfarm business unit labor costs rose 0.7 percent in 2012, as previously reported. (See table C.) 

Manufacturing sector productivity grew 2.2 percent in 2012, reflecting a 4.5 percent increase in output combined 

with a 2.3 percent increase in hours. The increase in hours worked was the largest since 1994, and follows a 2.1 

percent increase in 2011. Unit labor costs were revised downward to 0.0 percent in the manufacturing sector. 

____________ 

The preliminary Productivity and Costs press release for first-quarter 2013 is scheduled to be released on 

Thursday, May 2, 2013 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
-3- 

Table A. Revised fourth-quarter 2012 measures: percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (Q to Q) and from same quarter a year

ago (Y to Y)

Sector

 Nonfarm

 Business Business Manufacturing

 Durable

 Manufacturing

 Nondurable

 Manufacturing

Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y

Productivity -1.9 0.5 -1.8 0.4 2.1 1.8 2.7 4.2 1.7 -0.8

Output 0.5 2.5 0.3 2.3 2.5 3.3 3.5 5.7 1.4 0.6

Hours 2.5 1.9 2.2 1.8 0.4 1.4 0.8 1.5 -0.3 1.4

Hourly compensation 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.7 0.2 4.2 -0.2 5.2 0.8 2.3

Real hourly compensation 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.8 -2.0 2.3 -2.3 3.3 -1.3 0.5

Unit labor costs 4.6 2.1 4.8 2.3 -1.9 2.3 -2.9 1.0 -0.8 3.1

Table B. Revised and previous measures: fourth quarter and third quarter 2012

Sector

 Nonfarm

 Business Business Manufacturing

 Durable

 Manufacturing

 Nondurable

 Manufacturing

Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous

Percent change, annual rate fourth quarter 2012

Productivity -1.9 -2.0 -1.8 -1.9 2.1 0.5 2.7 1.6 1.7 -0.5

Output 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.0 2.5 0.7 3.5 1.8 1.4 -0.6

Hours 2.5 2.2 2.2 1.9 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.3 -0.3 -0.2

Hourly compensation 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.7 0.2 1.0 -0.2 0.9 0.8 1.2

Real hourly compensation 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.6 -2.0 -1.1 -2.3 -1.2 -1.3 -0.8

Unit labor costs 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.6 -1.9 0.4 -2.9 -0.7 -0.8 1.7

Percent change, annual rate, third quarter 2012

Productivity 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.9 -0.9 -0.9 -1.2 -1.5 -0.9 -0.5

Output 4.7 4.7 4.2 4.2 -0.5 -0.7 -1.6 -1.9 0.7 0.8

Hours 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.4 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 1.6 1.3

Hourly compensation 1.2 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.6 2.3 0.3 2.2 1.1 2.5

Real hourly compensation -0.9 -1.5 -0.8 -1.3 -1.5 0.0 -1.7 -0.1 -0.9 0.1

Unit labor costs -1.9 -2.3 -1.5 -1.9 1.4 3.2 1.6 3.8 2.0 3.0

Table C. Revised annual average changes in productivity and related measures: 2008-2012

Sector Nonfarm Business Manufacturing

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

 

Productivity 0.6 2.9 3.1 0.6 0.7 -0.6 0.1 6.5 2.6 2.2

Output -1.5 -4.5 3.1 2.6 2.9 -4.5 -12.9 6.4 4.8 4.5

Hours -2.1 -7.2 -0.1 2.0 2.2 -4.0 -13.0 -0.1 2.1 2.3

Hourly compensation 3.4 1.4 2.1 2.6 1.4 4.3 4.0 1.2 2.8 2.2

Real hourly compensation -0.4 1.8 0.4 -0.6 -0.6 0.4 4.4 -0.5 -0.4 0.2

Unit labor costs 2.8 -1.5 -1.0 2.0 0.7 4.9 4.0 -5.0 0.1 0.0
-4- 

Table D. Nonfinancial corporations: revised third-quarter 2012 productivity and cost measures

Productivity Output Hours

Hourly 

compensation

Real hourly 

compensation

Unit labor 

costs Unit profits

Implicit price

deflator

Percent change, annual rate, third quarter 2012

Revised -4.8 -3.8 1.0 1.4 -0.6 6.5 -1.3 5.2

Previous -4.7 -3.8 0.9 1.5 -0.7 6.5 -1.3 5.2
-5- 

TECHNICAL NOTES 

Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours for all persons 

working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The 

primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in 

nonfarm establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid hours of production and 

nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using 

data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for this 

purpose, was used for earlier years. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average 

weekly hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS. 

Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and nonfarm unpaid family 

workers. Estimates of labor input for government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the 

National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of 

the Department of Commerce. 

The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or more establishments at 

each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS features measures of employment that count each person 

only once and classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at all jobs by that 

person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS also collects more detailed information on 

employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity 

measures use the more detailed information on employment and hours to assign all hours worked to the 

correct industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours data from the CES. 

Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from 

gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and 

private households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in 

labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 75 percent of the value of GDP in 2011. Nonfarm 

business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 74 percent of GDP in 2011.

Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are 

constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the 

Census with deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price 

program and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and intrasector 

transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the index of industrial 

production prepared monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be 

consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. Durables include the 

following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product 

manufacturing; primary metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery 

manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing; electrical equipment and appliance 

manufacturing; transportation equipment manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing; 

and miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include: food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco 

product manufacturing; textile mills; textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied 

product manufacturing; paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities; petroleum and coal 

products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and rubber products manufacturing. 

Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of 

the costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the following 

outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated 

business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other 

holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted 

for about 49 percent of the value of GDP in 2011.

Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship between real output and the labor 

time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods 

and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work of all persons 

engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of 

production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; 
-6- 

capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of 

production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force. 

Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer 

contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, 

required for measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee 

compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general 

government, nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from compensation of domestic 

employees to derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of 

proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that 

proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor 

productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers. 

Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release describe the relationship between 

compensation per hour and productivity, or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of 

inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor 

productivity increases offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs. 

Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent 

changes from the previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the 

corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number series where 2005=100. Annual data 

are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous year. 

 The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are 

rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated 

using index numbers to three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the BLS web site, 

www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity. 

(Telephone 202-691-5606 or email DPRWEB@BLS.GOV) 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service number: 1-800-877-8339.
-7- 

Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 ANNUAL 0.6 r 2.8 2.2 r 1.4 r -0.6 r 0.8 3.4 1.9 

2012 IV -1.8 r 0.3 r 2.2 r 2.9 r 0.7 r 4.8 r -5.3 r 0.4 r

 III 2.8 r 4.2 1.4 r 1.3 r -0.8 r -1.5 r 9.5 r 3.1 

 II 1.6 r 1.9 0.3 r 1.2 r 0.2 r -0.4 4.2 1.5 

 I -0.8 r 2.7 3.5 r 5.5 r 3.3 r 6.3 -4.2 1.7 

2011 ANNUAL 0.3 r 2.4 2.0 r 2.5 r -0.6 r 2.2 2.3 2.2 

2011 IV 2.4 r 5.4 3.0 r -1.1 r -2.4 r -3.4 4.6 r -0.1 

 III -0.2 r 1.7 1.9 r -1.1 r -4.1 r -0.9 r 9.8 r 3.5 

 II 0.5 r 2.9 2.4 r -0.4 r -4.6 r -0.9 8.9 r 3.0 

 I -1.9 r -0.5 1.4 r 9.7 r 4.9 r 11.8 r -10.5 r 1.9 

2010 ANNUAL 3.0 3.0 -0.1 r 2.0 0.3 -1.0 5.3 1.5 

2010 IV 1.3 r 3.4 2.1 r 0.2 r -2.7 r -1.1 7.5 2.4 

 III 3.1 r 4.7 1.6 r 1.9 r 0.5 r -1.1 5.9 r 1.7 

 II -0.5 r 2.9 3.4 r 2.6 r 2.9 r 3.1 -0.1 1.8 

 I 2.5 r 3.1 0.5 r 1.5 r 0.6 r -1.0 r 4.8 r 1.4 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 ANNUAL 0.6 r 2.8 2.2 r 1.4 r -0.6 r 0.8 3.4 1.9 

2012 IV 0.4 r 2.3 r 1.8 r 2.7 r 0.8 r 2.3 r 0.9 1.7 r

 III 1.5 r 3.6 2.0 r 1.7 r 0.0 r 0.2 r 3.4 r 1.5 

 II 0.8 r 2.9 2.2 r 1.1 r -0.8 r 0.3 r 3.5 r 1.6 

 I 0.5 r 3.2 2.7 r 0.7 r -2.0 r 0.2 4.6 2.0 

2011 ANNUAL 0.3 r 2.4 2.0 r 2.5 r -0.6 r 2.2 2.3 2.2 

2011 IV 0.2 r 2.4 2.2 r 1.7 r -1.6 r 1.5 2.9 r 2.1 

 III -0.1 r 1.9 1.9 r 2.0 r -1.7 r 2.1 3.6 2.7 

 II 0.7 r 2.6 1.9 r 2.8 -0.6 r 2.0 2.6 2.3 

 I 0.5 r 2.6 2.1 r 3.5 r 1.3 r 3.0 0.4 r 1.9 

2010 ANNUAL 3.0 3.0 -0.1 r 2.0 0.3 -1.0 5.3 1.5 

2010 IV 1.6 r 3.5 1.9 1.5 0.3 r -0.1 4.5 1.8 

 III 2.5 r 3.9 1.4 1.7 r 0.4 -0.8 5.1 1.6 

 II 3.1 2.9 -0.2 1.7 0.0 r -1.3 r 5.9 1.5 

 I 5.0 1.6 -3.2 2.6 0.3 -2.2 6.2 1.1 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2012 ANNUAL 110.5 r 107.5 r 97.3 r 120.0 r 102.1 r 108.5 r 122.7 r 114.1 r

2012 IV 110.8 r 108.5 r 97.9 r 120.9 r 102.1 r 109.1 r 123.0 r 114.6 r

 III 111.3 r 108.4 97.3 r 120.0 r 101.9 r 107.8 r 124.7 r 114.5 

 II 110.6 r 107.3 97.0 r 119.7 r 102.1 r 108.2 r 121.8 r 113.6 

 I 110.1 r 106.7 96.9 r 119.3 r 102.1 r 108.3 r 120.6 r 113.2 

2011 ANNUAL 109.9 r 104.6 95.2 r 118.3 r 102.7 r 107.7 r 118.7 r 112.0 

2011 IV 110.3 r 106.0 96.1 r 117.7 r 101.3 r 106.7 r 121.9 r 112.7 

 III 109.7 r 104.6 95.4 r 118.1 r 101.9 r 107.6 r 120.5 r 112.7 

 II 109.7 r 104.2 94.9 r 118.4 r 102.9 r 107.9 r 117.7 r 111.8 

 I 109.6 r 103.5 94.4 r 118.5 r 104.2 r 108.1 r 115.3 r 110.9 

2010 ANNUAL 109.5 r 102.2 93.3 r 115.4 r 103.3 r 105.4 r 116.0 r 109.6 

2010 IV 110.1 r 103.6 94.0 r 115.8 r 102.9 r 105.1 r 118.5 r 110.4 

 III 109.8 r 102.7 93.6 r 115.7 r 103.6 r 105.4 r 116.4 r 109.8 

 II 108.9 r 101.5 93.2 r 115.2 r 103.5 r 105.7 r 114.7 r 109.3 

 I 109.1 r 100.8 92.4 r 114.5 r 102.8 r 104.9 114.8 108.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-8- 

Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 ANNUAL 0.7 r 2.9 2.2 r 1.4 r -0.6 r 0.7 3.5 1.9 

2012 IV -1.9 r 0.5 r 2.5 r 2.6 r 0.4 r 4.6 r -5.9 r 0.0 r

 III 3.1 r 4.7 1.6 r 1.2 r -0.9 r -1.9 r 9.3 r 2.7 

 II 1.7 r 2.1 0.4 r 1.2 r 0.2 r -0.5 4.7 1.6 

 I -0.7 r 2.7 3.4 r 5.6 r 3.4 r 6.4 -4.0 1.9 

2011 ANNUAL 0.6 r 2.6 2.0 r 2.6 r -0.6 r 2.0 1.8 1.9 

2011 IV 2.3 r 5.3 2.9 r -1.2 r -2.4 r -3.4 r 5.1 r 0.1 

 III -0.1 r 1.6 1.7 r -0.8 r -3.8 r -0.6 9.6 r 3.5 

 II 0.6 r 3.4 2.8 r -0.8 r -5.0 r -1.4 r 9.1 r 2.8 

 I -1.3 r -0.1 1.1 r 10.0 r 5.2 r 11.4 r -11.6 1.2 

2010 ANNUAL 3.1 3.1 -0.1 r 2.1 r 0.4 -1.0 4.9 1.4 

2010 IV 1.7 r 3.9 2.1 r 0.3 r -2.6 r -1.4 6.5 1.8 

 III 3.2 r 5.1 1.8 r 1.7 r 0.2 r -1.5 r 5.5 1.4 

 II -0.5 2.8 3.2 r 2.8 r 3.1 3.3 -0.2 1.8 

 I 3.1 r 3.3 0.2 r 1.8 r 0.9 r -1.2 r 4.9 1.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 ANNUAL 0.7 r 2.9 2.2 r 1.4 r -0.6 r 0.7 3.5 1.9 

2012 IV 0.5 r 2.5 r 1.9 r 2.6 0.8 r 2.1 r 0.8 1.6 r

 III 1.6 r 3.7 2.1 r 1.7 r 0.0 r 0.1 r 3.6 r 1.6 

 II 0.8 r 2.9 2.1 r 1.2 r -0.7 r 0.4 3.7 1.8 

 I 0.5 r 3.2 2.7 r 0.7 r -2.0 r 0.2 4.8 r 2.1 

2011 ANNUAL 0.6 r 2.6 2.0 r 2.6 r -0.6 r 2.0 1.8 1.9 

2011 IV 0.4 r 2.5 2.1 r 1.7 r -1.6 r 1.3 r 2.6 1.9 

 III 0.2 r 2.2 1.9 r 2.1 r -1.6 r 1.8 r 3.0 2.3 

 II 1.0 r 3.0 2.0 r 2.7 -0.6 1.6 2.0 1.8 

 I 0.8 r 2.9 2.1 r 3.6 r 1.5 r 2.8 -0.2 1.6 

2010 ANNUAL 3.1 3.1 -0.1 r 2.1 r 0.4 -1.0 4.9 1.4 

2010 IV 1.9 r 3.7 1.8 r 1.6 0.4 -0.2 4.2 1.6 

 III 2.6 4.1 1.4 r 1.8 r 0.5 -0.9 4.7 1.4 

 II 3.1 r 2.9 -0.2 1.8 r 0.0 -1.3 5.7 1.5 

 I 4.9 1.5 -3.2 2.7 0.3 r -2.1 5.8 1.0 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2012 ANNUAL 110.8 r 107.8 r 97.3 r 120.2 r 102.2 r 108.4 r 122.1 r 113.8 r

2012 IV 111.1 r 108.8 r 97.9 r 121.0 r 102.2 r 108.9 r 122.2 r 114.1 r

 III 111.7 r 108.7 97.3 r 120.2 r 102.1 r 107.7 r 124.0 r 114.1 

 II 110.8 r 107.4 96.9 r 119.9 r 102.3 r 108.2 r 121.3 r 113.3 

 I 110.4 r 106.9 96.9 r 119.5 r 102.3 r 108.3 r 119.9 r 112.9 

2011 ANNUAL 110.1 r 104.7 95.2 r 118.4 r 102.8 r 107.6 r 117.9 r 111.7 

2011 IV 110.5 r 106.2 96.1 r 117.9 r 101.4 r 106.6 r 121.2 r 112.4 

 III 109.9 r 104.8 95.4 r 118.2 r 102.0 r 107.6 r 119.7 r 112.3 

 II 110.0 r 104.4 95.0 r 118.5 r 103.0 r 107.7 r 117.0 r 111.4 

 I 109.8 r 103.5 94.3 r 118.7 r 104.4 r 108.1 r 114.4 r 110.6 

2010 ANNUAL 109.4 r 102.0 93.3 r 115.5 r 103.4 r 105.6 r 115.8 r 109.6 

2010 IV 110.1 r 103.6 94.0 r 115.9 r 103.0 r 105.2 r 118.0 r 110.3 

 III 109.7 r 102.6 93.6 r 115.8 r 103.7 r 105.6 r 116.2 r 109.8 

 II 108.8 r 101.3 93.1 r 115.3 r 103.7 r 106.0 r 114.6 r 109.4 

 I 108.9 r 100.7 92.4 r 114.6 r 102.9 r 105.2 r 114.7 108.9 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-9- 

Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 ANNUAL 2.2 r 4.5 r 2.3 r 2.2 r 0.2 r 0.0 r

2012 IV 2.1 r 2.5 r 0.4 r 0.2 r -2.0 r -1.9 r

 III -0.9 -0.5 r 0.4 r 0.6 r -1.5 r 1.4 r

 II 0.1 r 1.3 1.1 r 9.1 r 8.0 r 9.0 

 I 6.1 r 10.2 3.9 r 7.3 r 5.0 r 1.1 

2011 ANNUAL 2.6 r 4.8 2.1 r 2.8 r -0.4 r 0.1 

2011 IV 0.5 r 5.5 4.9 r -6.1 r -7.3 r -6.6 

 III 5.5 5.2 -0.3 0.5 -2.6 -4.8 

 II -2.1 r 0.7 2.9 r -2.5 r -6.6 r -0.4 

 I 4.3 r 6.8 2.4 r 12.2 r 7.3 r 7.5 

2010 ANNUAL 6.5 r 6.4 -0.1 r 1.2 r -0.5 -5.0 

2010 IV 3.1 r 3.1 0.0 r 1.5 r -1.5 r -1.6 r

 III 1.5 5.5 3.9 r 1.3 r -0.2 -0.3 

 II 8.1 r 11.8 3.5 r 4.2 r 4.6 r -3.6 

 I 5.7 r 7.8 2.0 r -3.5 r -4.4 r -8.8 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 ANNUAL 2.2 r 4.5 r 2.3 r 2.2 r 0.2 r 0.0 r

2012 IV 1.8 r 3.3 r 1.4 r 4.2 r 2.3 r 2.3 r

 III 1.4 r 4.0 2.6 r 2.5 r 0.9 r 1.1 r

 II 3.0 r 5.5 2.4 r 2.5 r 0.6 r -0.5 

 I 2.4 5.3 2.8 r -0.3 r -3.0 r -2.7 

2011 ANNUAL 2.6 r 4.8 2.1 r 2.8 r -0.4 r 0.1 

2011 IV 2.0 r 4.5 2.5 r 0.8 r -2.5 r -1.2 

 III 2.6 3.9 1.2 r 2.8 r -1.0 0.1 

 II 1.7 r 4.0 2.3 r 3.0 r -0.4 1.3 

 I 4.2 r 6.8 2.4 r 4.7 r 2.5 r 0.4 

2010 ANNUAL 6.5 r 6.4 -0.1 r 1.2 r -0.5 -5.0 

2010 IV 4.6 7.0 2.3 0.8 -0.4 -3.6 

 III 5.4 r 7.9 2.4 1.0 r -0.2 r -4.1 

 II 8.1 r 8.3 0.2 0.9 -0.8 r -6.6 

 I 7.7 2.5 -4.8 1.9 r -0.5 -5.5 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2012 ANNUAL 116.4 r 100.6 r 86.4 r 121.4 r 103.3 r 104.3 r

2012 IV 116.7 r 101.1 r 86.6 r 122.2 r 103.2 r 104.6 r

 III 116.1 r 100.5 r 86.5 r 122.1 r 103.7 r 105.1 r

 II 116.4 r 100.6 86.4 r 121.9 r 104.1 r 104.8 r

 I 116.3 r 100.3 86.2 r 119.3 r 102.1 r 102.5 r

2011 ANNUAL 113.9 r 96.3 84.5 r 118.7 r 103.1 r 104.2 r

2011 IV 114.6 r 97.9 85.4 r 117.2 r 100.8 r 102.3 r

 III 114.5 r 96.6 84.4 r 119.1 r 102.8 r 104.0 r

 II 113.0 r 95.4 84.4 r 119.0 r 103.5 r 105.3 r

 I 113.6 r 95.2 83.8 r 119.7 r 105.2 r 105.4 r

2010 ANNUAL 111.0 r 91.9 82.8 r 115.5 r 103.5 r 104.1 r

2010 IV 112.4 r 93.7 83.3 r 116.3 r 103.4 r 103.5 r

 III 111.5 r 93.0 83.3 r 115.9 r 103.8 r 103.9 

 II 111.1 r 91.7 82.5 r 115.5 r 103.8 r 104.0 

 I 109.0 r 89.2 81.8 r 114.4 r 102.7 r 104.9 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-10- 

Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 ANNUAL 4.6 r 7.7 r 3.0 2.6 r 0.6 r -1.9 r

2012 IV 2.7 r 3.5 r 0.8 r -0.2 r -2.3 r -2.9 r

 III -1.2 r -1.6 r -0.3 r 0.3 r -1.7 r 1.6 r

 II 4.1 r 5.4 1.3 r 12.4 r 11.3 8.0 

 I 11.6 r 16.3 4.2 r 8.8 r 6.6 r -2.5 

2011 ANNUAL 3.9 r 7.8 3.8 r 3.0 r -0.1 r -0.8 

2011 IV 1.3 r 9.2 7.8 r -8.3 r -9.4 r -9.5 

 III 7.9 r 7.3 -0.6 r 1.1 r -2.0 r -6.3 

 II -3.2 r 1.6 5.0 r -3.9 r -8.0 r -0.8 r

 I 5.9 r 11.1 4.9 r 15.4 r 10.3 r 8.9 

2010 ANNUAL 10.7 r 10.5 -0.2 r 1.1 r -0.5 r -8.7 

2010 IV 3.5 r 5.0 1.4 r 1.3 r -1.6 r -2.1 

 III 2.5 r 9.6 6.9 r -1.1 r -2.5 r -3.5 

 II 17.7 r 20.7 2.6 r 7.6 r 8.0 r -8.6 

 I 11.7 r 14.3 2.3 r -5.8 r -6.6 r -15.7 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 ANNUAL 4.6 r 7.7 r 3.0 2.6 r 0.6 r -1.9 r

2012 IV 4.2 r 5.7 r 1.5 5.2 r 3.3 r 1.0 r

 III 3.8 r 7.2 r 3.2 r 3.0 r 1.4 r -0.8 r

 II 6.2 r 9.5 3.1 r 3.2 1.3 r -2.8 

 I 4.3 r 8.5 4.1 r -0.8 r -3.4 -4.8 

2011 ANNUAL 3.9 r 7.8 3.8 r 3.0 r -0.1 r -0.8 

2011 IV 2.9 r 7.2 4.2 r 0.7 r -2.6 r -2.2 

 III 3.4 6.2 2.6 3.2 -0.5 -0.2 

 II 2.1 r 6.7 4.5 r 2.6 -0.7 0.5 

 I 7.2 r 11.4 3.9 r 5.6 r 3.4 r -1.5 

2010 ANNUAL 10.7 r 10.5 -0.2 r 1.1 r -0.5 r -8.7 

2010 IV 8.7 12.2 3.3 0.4 -0.8 -7.6 

 III 9.9 r 13.3 3.1 r 0.7 -0.5 r -8.4 

 II 14.1 r 13.7 -0.3 r 1.2 r -0.6 r -11.3 

 I 10.0 r 2.9 -6.4 2.0 -0.3 r -7.2 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2012 ANNUAL 120.0 r 102.8 r 85.6 r 122.8 r 104.4 r 102.3 r

2012 IV 120.7 r 103.6 r 85.8 r 123.7 r 104.4 r 102.4 r

 III 119.9 r 102.7 r 85.6 r 123.7 r 105.1 r 103.2 r

 II 120.3 r 103.1 85.7 r 123.6 r 105.5 r 102.8 r

 I 119.1 r 101.7 85.4 r 120.1 r 102.7 r 100.8 r

2011 ANNUAL 114.7 r 95.4 83.2 r 119.6 r 103.8 r 104.3 

2011 IV 115.9 r 98.0 84.6 r 117.6 r 101.1 r 101.5 r

 III 115.5 r 95.8 83.0 r 120.1 r 103.7 r 104.0 r

 II 113.3 r 94.2 83.1 r 119.8 r 104.2 r 105.7 r

 I 114.2 r 93.8 82.1 r 121.0 r 106.4 r 105.9 r

2010 ANNUAL 110.5 r 88.5 80.1 r 116.1 r 104.0 r 105.1 r

2010 IV 112.6 r 91.4 81.1 r 116.8 r 103.8 r 103.7 r

 III 111.6 r 90.3 80.8 r 116.4 r 104.2 r 104.3 r

 II 111.0 r 88.2 79.5 r 116.7 r 104.9 r 105.2 

 I 106.5 r 84.2 79.0 r 114.6 r 102.9 r 107.6 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-11- 

Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compenYear per hour Hours sation sation Unit

and of all of all per hour per hour labor

quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 ANNUAL -0.2 r 1.1 r 1.2 r 1.3 r -0.8 1.4 r

2012 IV 1.7 r 1.4 r -0.3 r 0.8 r -1.3 r -0.8 r

 III -0.9 r 0.7 r 1.6 r 1.1 r -0.9 r 2.0 r

 II -4.1 r -3.4 0.8 r 3.1 r 2.1 r 7.6 r

 I 0.3 r 3.7 3.4 r 4.2 r 2.1 r 3.9 

2011 ANNUAL 2.5 r 1.9 -0.6 r 2.0 r -1.1 r -0.5 

2011 IV 1.2 r 1.5 0.3 r -2.5 r -3.7 r -3.6 

 III 2.7 r 2.9 0.2 r -0.6 r -3.7 r -3.2 r

 II 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1 -4.4 -0.3 

 I 3.9 r 2.2 -1.6 r 6.0 r 1.4 r 2.1 

2010 ANNUAL 3.0 3.2 0.2 1.3 -0.3 -1.6 

2010 IV 4.0 r 1.7 -2.2 r 1.4 r -1.5 r -2.5 r

 III 3.1 r 2.4 -0.7 r 5.1 r 3.7 r 2.0 

 II -0.2 4.7 5.0 r -1.4 -1.1 r -1.2 

 I 2.2 r 3.7 1.5 r 0.5 r -0.4 r -1.7 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 ANNUAL -0.2 r 1.1 r 1.2 r 1.3 r -0.8 1.4 r

2012 IV -0.8 r 0.6 r 1.4 2.3 r 0.5 r 3.1 r

 III -0.9 r 0.6 1.5 r 1.5 r -0.1 2.4 r

 II 0.0 r 1.1 1.2 r 1.0 r -0.8 r 1.0 

 I 1.1 r 2.0 0.9 r 0.2 r -2.5 r -0.9 

2011 ANNUAL 2.5 r 1.9 -0.6 r 2.0 r -1.1 r -0.5 

2011 IV 2.0 r 1.6 -0.4 r 0.6 r -2.6 r -1.3 

 III 2.7 r 1.6 -1.0 r 1.6 r -2.1 r -1.0 

 II 2.8 r 1.5 -1.2 r 3.1 r -0.2 r 0.3 

 I 2.7 r 2.8 0.1 r 2.8 r 0.6 r 0.1 

2010 ANNUAL 3.0 3.2 0.2 1.3 -0.3 -1.6 

2010 IV 2.3 3.1 0.9 1.4 0.1 -0.9 

 III 2.6 r 3.8 1.2 r 1.4 r 0.1 r -1.2 

 II 2.9 3.8 0.9 0.6 r -1.2 r -2.2 

 I 4.2 2.0 -2.2 r 1.9 r -0.5 -2.3 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2012 ANNUAL 110.2 r 96.8 r 87.8 r 119.0 r 101.2 r 108.0 r

2012 IV 110.1 r 96.9 r 88.0 r 119.5 r 101.0 r 108.5 r

 III 109.7 r 96.6 r 88.1 r 119.3 r 101.3 r 108.8 r

 II 109.9 r 96.4 87.7 r 119.0 r 101.5 r 108.2 r

 I 111.1 r 97.2 87.6 r 118.0 r 101.0 r 106.3 r

2011 ANNUAL 110.4 r 95.8 86.8 r 117.5 r 102.0 r 106.4 r

2011 IV 111.0 r 96.4 86.8 r 116.8 r 100.5 r 105.3 r

 III 110.7 r 96.0 86.8 r 117.6 r 101.4 r 106.2 r

 II 109.9 r 95.3 86.7 r 117.7 r 102.4 r 107.1 r

 I 109.9 r 95.4 86.8 r 117.8 r 103.5 r 107.2 r

2010 ANNUAL 107.7 r 94.0 87.3 r 115.2 r 103.1 r 107.0 

2010 IV 108.8 r 94.9 87.2 r 116.1 r 103.2 r 106.7 r

 III 107.8 r 94.5 87.6 r 115.7 r 103.6 r 107.3 r

 II 107.0 r 93.9 87.8 r 114.2 r 102.6 r 106.8 r

 I 107.0 r 92.8 86.7 r 114.6 r 102.9 r 107.1 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-12- 

Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit 

profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted

 Real Unit

 Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit

Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price

and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator

quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 III -4.8 r -3.8 1.0 r 1.4 r -0.6 r 6.5 5.7 6.3 -1.3 5.2 

 II 1.4 r 2.1 0.6 r 2.7 r 1.6 r 1.2 -2.1 0.2 8.5 1.4 

 I 1.5 r 5.1 3.5 r 5.9 r 3.6 r 4.3 -2.1 2.4 -2.1 1.7 

2011 ANNUAL 0.8 r 3.6 2.8 r 2.4 r -0.8 r 1.6 2.2 1.8 6.0 2.3 

2011 IV 3.4 r 6.2 2.6 r -1.3 r -2.5 r -4.5 -2.7 -4.0 6.2 -2.6 

 III -4.2 r -1.5 2.8 r -0.7 r -3.8 r 3.6 7.1 4.6 2.8 4.4 

 II 3.1 r 7.1 3.9 r -1.1 r -5.3 r -4.1 -2.2 -3.5 50.3 2.3 

 I 4.9 r 6.7 1.8 r 10.4 r 5.6 r 5.3 2.6 4.5 -14.7 1.8 

2010 ANNUAL 5.3 5.5 0.2 1.7 0.0 -3.4 -3.8 -3.5 31.6 0.0 

2010 IV -4.1 r -1.7 2.6 r -0.8 r -3.6 r 3.5 7.5 4.7 -8.4 2.8 

 III 1.9 r 4.8 2.9 r 2.2 r 0.8 r 0.3 -0.9 0.0 28.3 3.3 

 II -1.8 2.2 4.1 r 1.5 r 1.9 3.4 -0.4 2.3 -1.8 1.7 

 I 9.1 r 10.1 0.9 r 0.7 r -0.2 r -7.8 -6.5 -7.4 61.2 -0.9 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 III 0.3 r 2.3 1.9 r 2.1 r 0.5 r 1.8 -0.4 1.1 2.7 1.4 

 II 0.5 r 2.9 2.4 r 1.6 r -0.3 r 1.1 0.0 0.8 3.8 1.2 

 I 0.9 r 4.1 3.2 r 0.6 r -2.0 r -0.3 0.0 -0.2 12.6 1.4 

2011 ANNUAL 0.8 r 3.6 2.8 r 2.4 r -0.8 r 1.6 2.2 1.8 6.0 2.3 

2011 IV 1.7 r 4.5 2.8 r 1.7 r -1.6 r 0.0 1.1 0.3 8.8 1.4 

 III -0.2 r 2.6 2.7 r 1.8 r -1.8 r 2.0 3.7 2.5 4.8 2.8 

 II 1.4 r 4.2 2.8 r 2.6 r -0.7 r 1.2 1.7 1.4 10.8 2.6 

 I 0.1 3.0 2.8 r 3.3 r 1.1 r 3.1 2.2 2.9 -0.4 2.4 

2010 ANNUAL 5.3 5.5 0.2 1.7 0.0 -3.4 -3.8 -3.5 31.6 0.0 

2010 IV 1.1 r 3.8 2.6 0.9 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 16.8 1.7 

 III 5.2 7.2 1.9 1.4 0.2 -3.6 -3.4 -3.5 38.7 0.6 

 II 6.5 r 6.4 -0.1 r 1.5 r -0.3 -4.7 -5.3 -4.9 40.2 -0.8 

 I 8.6 4.7 -3.6 2.9 0.6 -5.2 -6.1 -5.5 34.2 -1.7 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2012 III 109.5 r 106.9 97.6 r 120.4 r 102.2 r 109.9 118.6 112.3 126.9 114.2 

 II 110.8 r 107.9 97.4 r 119.9 r 102.4 r 108.2 116.9 110.6 127.3 112.7 

 I 110.4 r 107.4 97.2 r 119.2 r 102.0 r 107.9 117.6 110.6 124.7 112.4 

2011 ANNUAL 109.7 r 104.6 95.4 r 117.9 r 102.4 r 107.5 117.9 110.4 120.7 111.7 

2011 IV 110.0 r 106.1 96.4 r 117.5 r 101.0 r 106.8 118.2 109.9 125.4 111.9 

 III 109.1 r 104.5 95.8 r 117.8 r 101.7 r 108.0 119.0 111.1 123.5 112.6 

 II 110.3 r 104.9 95.1 r 118.1 r 102.7 r 107.1 117.0 109.8 122.7 111.4 

 I 109.5 r 103.1 94.2 r 118.4 r 104.1 r 108.2 117.6 110.8 110.8 110.8 

2010 ANNUAL 108.9 r 101.1 92.8 r 115.2 r 103.2 r 105.8 115.4 108.5 113.8 109.2 

2010 IV 108.2 r 101.5 93.8 r 115.5 r 102.7 r 106.8 116.9 109.6 115.3 110.3 

 III 109.3 r 101.9 93.2 r 115.7 r 103.6 r 105.9 114.8 108.3 117.8 109.5 

 II 108.8 r 100.7 92.6 r 115.1 r 103.4 r 105.8 115.0 108.3 110.7 108.6 

 I 109.3 r 100.2 91.6 r 114.6 r 102.9 r 104.9 115.1 107.7 111.2 108.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-13- 

SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S. 

Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal 

Reserve Board. Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of 

Economic Analysis. 

RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more complete information 

becomes available. The measures are first published within 40 days of the close of the reference period; 

revisions appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the business sector, 

the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed

from the initial value by between –1.7 and 1.5 index points approximately 95 percent of the time. This 

interval is based on the performance of this measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the third 

quarter of 2012. 

Table Footnotes

(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private

benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include 

an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed. 

(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers 

(CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2011 is based on the Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).

(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and 

imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, 

rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.

(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index. 

(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers 

to three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for 

convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal 

places.

(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less 

subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments. 

(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs. 

(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption 

adjustments. 
-14- 

Appendix table 1.

Business sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

 Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

 and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

 quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2009 ANNUAL 3.0 r -4.3 -7.1 r 1.4 1.7 r -1.6 3.7 0.4 

2009 IV 4.9 r 4.9 0.0 r 0.7 r -2.3 r -4.0 10.2 r 1.6 

 III 5.8 0.7 -4.8 2.3 -1.3 -3.3 9.1 1.5 

 II 6.8 r -2.3 -8.5 r 6.2 r 4.3 r -0.6 r 0.9 r 0.0 

 I 5.6 r -5.0 -10.1 r -2.8 r -0.4 r -8.0 9.8 -1.4 

2008 ANNUAL 0.7 -1.3 -2.0 3.3 -0.5 2.6 0.6 1.8 

2008 IV -3.1 -12.0 -9.2 1.8 11.8 5.0 -8.6 -0.5 

 III -1.2 r -5.4 -4.3 r 3.1 r -3.1 r 4.3 2.2 3.5 

 II 2.4 r 0.2 -2.1 r -0.9 r -5.8 -3.2 13.2 2.9 

 I -2.1 r -3.1 -1.0 r 5.7 r 1.2 r 8.0 -7.7 1.5 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2009 ANNUAL 3.0 r -4.3 -7.1 r 1.4 1.7 r -1.6 3.7 0.4 

2009 IV 5.8 -0.5 -5.9 1.5 r 0.1 -4.0 7.4 0.4 

 III 3.7 -4.8 -8.2 r 1.8 3.5 -1.8 2.5 -0.1 

 II 1.9 r -6.2 -8.0 r 2.0 3.0 0.0 r 0.8 0.4 

 I 0.9 -5.6 -6.5 0.3 0.4 -0.6 3.8 1.1 

2008 ANNUAL 0.7 -1.3 -2.0 3.3 -0.5 2.6 0.6 1.8 

2008 IV -1.0 -5.2 -4.2 r 2.4 0.8 r 3.4 -0.6 1.8 

 III 0.2 -1.8 -1.9 r 3.3 r -1.8 3.2 0.9 2.3 

 II 1.6 0.4 -1.2 3.3 -1.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 

 I 2.0 1.4 -0.6 4.2 0.0 r 2.1 0.7 1.6 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2009 ANNUAL 106.3 r 99.2 93.4 r 113.1 r 102.9 r 106.5 r 110.2 r 107.9 

2009 IV 108.4 r 100.1 92.3 r 114.1 r 102.6 r 105.2 r 113.4 r 108.4 

 III 107.1 r 98.9 92.3 r 113.9 r 103.2 r 106.3 r 110.7 r 108.0 

 II 105.6 r 98.7 93.4 r 113.2 r 103.6 r 107.2 r 108.3 r 107.6 

 I 103.9 r 99.3 95.5 111.5 r 102.5 r 107.3 108.1 r 107.6 

2008 ANNUAL 103.1 r 103.7 100.6 r 111.6 r 101.2 r 108.2 r 106.3 r 107.5 

2008 IV 102.5 r 100.5 98.1 r 112.3 r 102.6 r 109.6 r 105.6 r 108.0 

 III 103.3 r 103.8 100.5 r 111.9 r 99.8 r 108.3 r 108.0 r 108.2 

 II 103.6 r 105.3 101.6 r 111.0 r 100.6 r 107.1 r 107.4 r 107.2 

 I 103.0 r 105.2 102.1 r 111.2 r 102.1 r 108.0 104.1 r 106.5 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-15- 

Appendix table 2.

Nonfarm business sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit

 Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price

 and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator

 quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2009 ANNUAL 2.9 -4.5 -7.2 1.4 1.8 -1.5 4.3 0.8 

2009 IV 4.8 r 5.2 0.4 r 0.8 r -2.2 r -3.9 8.6 1.0 

 III 5.2 0.3 -4.7 2.0 -1.6 -3.1 9.8 1.9 

 II 6.5 r -2.5 -8.5 r 6.3 r 4.4 r -0.2 0.3 r 0.0 

 I 5.8 r -5.0 -10.2 r -2.8 r -0.4 r -8.1 r 11.7 -0.9 

2008 ANNUAL 0.6 -1.5 -2.1 3.4 -0.4 2.8 0.4 1.8 

2008 IV -3.4 -12.7 -9.7 2.1 12.2 5.7 -7.8 0.2 

 III -1.0 r -5.2 -4.2 r 3.2 r -3.0 r 4.2 r 3.0 r 3.7 

 II 2.4 0.4 -1.9 r -1.2 r -6.1 -3.4 14.3 3.1 

 I -2.5 r -3.6 -1.2 r 6.0 r 1.5 r 8.7 -9.0 1.5 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2009 ANNUAL 2.9 -4.5 -7.2 1.4 1.8 -1.5 4.3 0.8 

2009 IV 5.6 -0.6 -5.8 r 1.5 0.0 r -3.9 7.5 0.5 

 III 3.5 r -5.1 -8.3 1.8 3.5 -1.6 3.2 0.3 

 II 1.9 -6.5 -8.2 2.1 r 3.1 r 0.3 1.5 0.8 

 I 0.9 -5.8 -6.6 0.3 0.4 -0.6 4.9 1.5 

2008 ANNUAL 0.6 -1.5 -2.1 3.4 -0.4 2.8 0.4 1.8 

2008 IV -1.2 r -5.4 -4.3 r 2.5 0.9 r 3.7 -0.3 2.1 

 III 0.2 -1.9 -2.1 3.6 -1.6 3.4 0.7 2.3 

 II 1.6 0.2 -1.3 3.4 -0.8 1.8 1.0 1.5 

 I 1.8 r 1.3 -0.5 4.1 0.0 2.2 0.0 1.4 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2009 ANNUAL 106.1 r 99.0 93.4 r 113.1 r 103.0 r 106.6 r 110.4 r 108.1 

2009 IV 108.1 r 99.8 92.3 r 114.0 r 102.6 r 105.5 r 113.3 r 108.6 

 III 106.9 r 98.6 92.3 r 113.8 r 103.2 r 106.5 r 111.0 r 108.3 

 II 105.5 r 98.5 93.4 r 113.3 r 103.6 r 107.4 r 108.5 r 107.8 

 I 103.9 r 99.2 95.5 r 111.5 r 102.5 r 107.4 r 108.4 r 107.8 

2008 ANNUAL 103.1 r 103.7 100.6 r 111.6 r 101.1 r 108.2 r 105.8 r 107.3 

2008 IV 102.4 r 100.4 98.1 r 112.4 r 102.6 r 109.7 r 105.4 r 108.0 

 III 103.3 r 103.9 100.6 r 111.8 r 99.7 r 108.2 r 107.6 r 108.0 

 II 103.6 r 105.3 101.7 r 110.9 r 100.5 r 107.1 r 106.8 r 107.0 

 I 103.0 r 105.2 102.2 r 111.2 r 102.1 r 108.0 103.3 r 106.2 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-16- 

Appendix table 3.

Manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- 

 Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit

 and of all of all per hour per hour labor

 quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2009 ANNUAL 0.1 -12.9 -13.0 4.0 r 4.4 r 4.0 

2009 IV 6.3 r 6.4 0.0 r 2.3 r -0.7 r -3.8 

 III 12.5 7.3 -4.6 1.0 -2.6 -10.3 

 II 6.6 r -10.2 -15.7 r 8.1 r 6.1 r 1.4 

 I -2.1 r -22.1 -20.5 r -0.5 r 2.1 r 1.6 

2008 ANNUAL -0.6 -4.5 -4.0 4.3 0.4 4.9 

2008 IV -6.7 r -21.2 -15.5 r 9.2 r 20.0 r 17.1 

 III -5.5 r -13.5 -8.4 r 5.1 r -1.2 r 11.3 

 II -6.1 r -7.5 -1.5 r 0.8 r -4.2 r 7.3 

 I 0.4 r -2.1 -2.5 r 5.8 r 1.3 r 5.4 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2009 ANNUAL 0.1 -12.9 -13.0 4.0 r 4.4 r 4.0 

2009 IV 5.7 r -5.5 -10.6 2.7 1.2 -2.9 

 III 2.3 -12.3 -14.3 r 4.4 6.1 2.0 

 II -2.1 r -16.9 -15.1 r 5.4 r 6.5 r 7.7 

 I -5.1 r -16.3 -11.8 3.6 r 3.8 9.2 

2008 ANNUAL -0.6 -4.5 -4.0 4.3 0.4 4.9 

2008 IV -4.5 -11.4 -7.1 r 5.2 r 3.6 r 10.2 

 III -1.6 r -5.7 -4.2 5.0 -0.3 r 6.7 

 II 0.6 -2.0 -2.7 r 3.8 -0.4 r 3.2 

 I 3.2 1.1 -2.0 3.2 -0.9 0.0 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2009 ANNUAL 104.3 r 86.3 82.8 r 114.2 r 103.9 r 109.5 r

2009 IV 107.5 r 87.5 81.4 r 115.4 r 103.8 r 107.4 r

 III 105.9 r 86.2 81.4 r 114.8 r 104.0 r 108.4 r

 II 102.8 r 84.7 82.4 r 114.5 r 104.7 r 111.4 r

 I 101.2 r 87.0 86.0 r 112.3 r 103.2 r 111.0 

2008 ANNUAL 104.2 r 99.1 95.1 r 109.8 r 99.5 r 105.3 r

2008 IV 101.7 r 92.6 91.0 r 112.4 r 102.6 r 110.5 r

 III 103.5 r 98.3 95.0 r 110.0 r 98.1 r 106.3 r

 II 105.0 r 101.9 97.1 r 108.6 r 98.4 r 103.5 

 I 106.6 r 103.9 97.4 r 108.4 r 99.4 r 101.6 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-17- 

Appendix table 4.

Durable manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- 

 Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit

 and of all of all per hour per hour labor

 quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2009 ANNUAL -5.7 -20.3 -15.4 r 5.0 r 5.4 r 11.4 

2009 IV 8.2 r 8.9 0.6 r 2.7 r -0.3 r -5.1 

 III 19.0 r 11.3 -6.4 r 0.6 r -2.9 r -15.4 

 II 1.7 r -19.1 -20.4 r 11.3 r 9.3 r 9.4 

 I -12.5 r -33.7 -24.2 r 1.7 r 4.3 r 16.2 

2008 ANNUAL -1.6 -5.8 -4.2 3.1 -0.7 4.8 

2008 IV -19.1 r -31.4 -15.3 7.8 r 18.4 r 33.2 

 III -6.7 r -17.5 -11.6 r 6.3 r 0.0 r 13.9 

 II -8.9 r -10.0 -1.2 r 0.7 r -4.4 r 10.5 

 I -1.1 r -2.0 -0.9 r 1.4 r -2.9 r 2.5 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2009 ANNUAL -5.7 -20.3 -15.4 r 5.0 r 5.4 r 11.4 

2009 IV 3.5 r -10.2 -13.2 r 4.0 r 2.5 r 0.5 

 III -3.8 -20.0 -16.8 5.3 7.0 9.4 

 II -9.4 r -25.8 -18.0 r 6.7 r 7.8 r 17.8 

 I -11.9 -23.8 -13.5 4.1 4.2 r 18.1 

2008 ANNUAL -1.6 -5.8 -4.2 3.1 -0.7 4.8 

2008 IV -9.2 r -16.0 -7.5 4.0 r 2.4 14.5 

 III -2.2 r -7.1 -5.1 4.1 r -1.1 r 6.4 

 II 0.2 -2.3 -2.5 2.8 r -1.5 2.6 

 I 4.5 2.5 -1.9 1.8 -2.2 r -2.6 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2009 ANNUAL 99.8 r 80.1 80.3 r 114.8 r 104.5 r 115.1 r

2009 IV 103.6 r 81.4 78.6 r 116.3 r 104.7 r 112.3 r

 III 101.6 r 79.7 78.4 r 115.5 r 104.8 r 113.7 r

 II 97.3 r 77.6 79.7 r 115.4 r 105.5 r 118.6 r

 I 96.8 r 81.8 84.4 r 112.3 r 103.2 r 116.0 r

2008 ANNUAL 105.8 r 100.5 94.9 r 109.3 r 99.1 r 103.3 r

2008 IV 100.1 r 90.6 90.5 r 111.8 r 102.1 r 111.7 r

 III 105.6 r 99.6 94.3 r 109.8 r 97.9 r 104.0 r

 II 107.4 r 104.5 97.3 r 108.1 r 97.9 r 100.7 

 I 109.9 r 107.3 97.6 r 107.9 r 99.0 r 98.2 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-18- 

Appendix table 5.

Nondurable manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs

seasonally adjusted

 Real

 Output Compen- compen- 

 Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit

 and of all of all per hour per hour labor

 quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2009 ANNUAL 2.5 -6.4 -8.7 2.7 r 3.1 0.2 

2009 IV 5.4 r 4.5 -0.9 r 1.4 r -1.6 r -3.8 

 III 4.2 r 2.5 -1.6 r 1.9 r -1.6 r -2.2 r

 II 5.2 r -2.6 -7.4 r 3.6 r 1.8 r -1.5 

 I 3.1 r -11.0 -13.7 r -3.7 r -1.2 r -6.6 

2008 ANNUAL 0.0 -3.6 -3.6 6.5 r 2.6 6.5 

2008 IV 6.5 r -10.3 -15.8 r 11.9 r 22.9 r 5.1 

 III -8.1 r -10.5 -2.6 r 3.5 r -2.7 r 12.6 

 II -3.4 -5.4 -2.1 1.1 -3.9 4.7 

 I 2.9 r -2.4 -5.2 r 14.6 r 9.8 r 11.4 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2009 ANNUAL 2.5 -6.4 -8.7 2.7 r 3.1 0.2 

2009 IV 4.5 -1.9 -6.1 0.8 -0.7 -3.5 

 III 4.7 -5.5 -9.8 3.3 5.0 -1.4 

 II 1.5 -8.7 -10.0 3.7 4.7 2.2 

 I -0.6 r -9.3 -8.8 r 3.1 r 3.2 r 3.7 

2008 ANNUAL 0.0 -3.6 -3.6 6.5 r 2.6 6.5 

2008 IV -0.7 r -7.2 -6.6 r 7.7 6.0 r 8.4 

 III -2.1 -4.8 -2.7 r 6.8 r 1.5 9.2 

 II 1.0 r -1.9 -2.9 r 5.9 r 1.5 r 4.8 

 I 1.8 r -0.3 -2.1 r 5.9 r 1.7 r 4.0 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2009 ANNUAL 104.5 r 91.1 87.2 r 113.7 r 103.5 r 108.7 r

2009 IV 106.4 r 92.0 86.4 r 114.5 r 103.0 r 107.6 r

 III 105.0 r 91.0 86.6 r 114.1 r 103.4 r 108.6 

 II 104.0 r 90.4 87.0 r 113.6 r 103.9 r 109.2 r

 I 102.7 r 91.0 88.7 r 112.5 r 103.4 r 109.6 r

2008 ANNUAL 102.0 r 97.4 95.5 r 110.6 r 100.3 r 108.5 

2008 IV 101.9 r 93.7 92.0 r 113.6 r 103.7 r 111.5 r

 III 100.3 96.3 96.0 r 110.4 98.5 r 110.1 

 II 102.4 r 99.0 96.7 r 109.5 r 99.2 r 106.9 r

 I 103.3 r 100.4 97.2 r 109.2 r 100.2 r 105.7 r

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-19- 

Appendix table 6.

Nonfinancial corporate sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,

and prices, seasonally adjusted

 Real Unit

 Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit

 Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price

 and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator

 quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -7.4 -7.8 2.0 2.3 1.4 5.6 2.6 -5.6 1.8 

2009 IV 12.1 r 11.9 -0.2 r 1.2 r -1.8 r -9.7 -5.7 -8.6 82.2 -1.6 

 III 7.1 1.9 -4.8 2.7 -0.9 -4.1 -8.6 -5.4 34.2 -2.2 

 II 6.2 r -4.2 -9.8 r 7.2 r 5.3 r 1.0 -3.5 -0.4 -17.6 -2.1 

 I -9.7 r -20.4 -11.9 r -6.0 r -3.6 r 4.0 16.8 7.6 -22.3 4.2 

2008 ANNUAL 0.3 -1.4 -1.7 3.6 -0.2 3.3 4.1 3.5 -8.4 2.1 

2008 IV -3.5 r -11.8 -8.7 6.2 r 16.7 10.0 20.4 13.0 -44.1 4.5 

 III 7.7 r 2.9 -4.4 r 4.2 r -2.0 r -3.2 0.6 -2.1 77.5 4.6 

 II 1.4 -1.1 -2.5 2.0 -3.1 0.6 2.9 1.2 5.3 1.7 

 I -4.8 r -5.0 -0.2 r 2.4 r -2.0 r 7.6 0.4 5.5 -23.3 1.9 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -7.4 -7.8 2.0 2.3 1.4 5.6 2.6 -5.6 1.8 

2009 IV 3.6 -3.4 -6.8 1.2 -0.3 -2.3 -0.7 -1.9 11.8 -0.5 

 III -0.2 -9.0 -8.8 2.4 4.1 2.6 5.5 3.5 -16.8 1.0 

 II -0.1 r -8.8 -8.7 r 2.8 3.8 2.8 8.1 4.3 -10.7 2.8 

 I -1.2 r -8.1 -6.9 1.5 1.6 2.7 9.8 4.8 -5.1 3.7 

2008 ANNUAL 0.3 -1.4 -1.7 3.6 -0.2 3.3 4.1 3.5 -8.4 2.1 

2008 IV 0.1 -3.9 -4.0 3.7 2.1 3.6 5.8 4.2 -5.4 3.2 

 III 2.2 r 0.4 -1.8 r 3.8 r -1.4 r 1.6 1.6 1.6 8.2 2.3 

 II -0.4 -1.3 -0.8 3.4 -0.9 3.9 4.3 4.0 -17.1 1.3 

 I -0.6 r -0.6 -0.1 3.5 -0.6 4.1 4.8 4.3 -17.4 1.5 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Indexes 2005=100

2009 ANNUAL 103.4 r 95.8 92.6 r 113.3 r 103.1 r 109.6 120.0 112.5 86.5 109.2 

2009 IV 106.9 r 97.8 91.4 r 114.4 r 103.0 r 107.0 117.1 109.8 98.7 108.4 

 III 103.9 r 95.1 91.5 r 114.1 r 103.4 r 109.8 118.8 112.3 85.0 108.8 

 II 102.2 r 94.6 92.6 r 113.3 r 103.7 r 110.9 121.5 113.9 79.0 109.5 

 I 100.6 r 95.6 95.0 r 111.4 r 102.4 r 110.7 122.6 114.0 82.9 110.0 

2008 ANNUAL 102.9 r 103.4 100.5 r 111.1 r 100.8 r 108.0 113.6 109.6 91.6 107.3 

2008 IV 103.2 r 101.3 98.1 r 113.1 r 103.3 r 109.6 117.9 111.9 88.3 108.9 

 III 104.1 r 104.5 100.3 r 111.4 r 99.4 r 107.0 112.5 108.5 102.1 107.7 

 II 102.2 r 103.7 101.5 r 110.3 r 99.9 r 107.9 112.4 109.1 88.4 106.5 

 I 101.9 r 104.0 102.1 r 109.7 r 100.7 r 107.7 111.6 108.8 87.3 106.1 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2013

r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics