For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, June 5, 2018 USDL-18-0940

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

(Note: This release was reissued July 6, 2018 due to errors in federal government estimates for hires, 

layoffs and discharges, and total separations that also affected total government estimates for these 

series. These data will not be corrected in this news release. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/bls/errata/jolts-errata-06122018.htm.)

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2018

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.7 million on the last business day of April, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at

5.6 million and 5.4 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.3 percent

and the layoffs and discharges rate increased to 1.2 percent. This release includes estimates of the 

number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four 

geographic regions.

 

Job Openings

On the last business day of April, the job openings level was little changed but reached a new series 

high of 6.7 million. The series began in December 2000. The job openings rate was 4.3 percent in April

2018. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for government. Job openings 

increased in durable goods manufacturing (+33,000) and information (+26,000) but decreased in finance 

and insurance (-84,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 

1.)
- 2 -

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.6 million in April. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. Hires for 

total private and for government were little changed. The number of hires was little changed in all 

industries and in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.4 million in April. The total separations rate 

was 3.6 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 

Total separations increased in state and local government education (+20,000). The number of total 

separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.4 million in April. The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The 

number of quits was little changed for total private and increased for government (+17,000). Quits 

increased in state and local government education (+14,000) but decreased in arts, entertainment, and 

recreation (-25,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges edged up to 1.7 million in April. The layoffs and discharges rate 

increased to 1.2 percent over the month. The number of layoffs and discharges edged up for total private

and was little changed for government. Layoffs and discharges increased in arts, entertainment, and 

recreation (+51,000) and in finance and insurance (+27,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was 

little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in April at 347,000. The number of other 

separations was little changed for total private and unchanged for government. Other separations was 

little changed in all industries and in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 66.1 million and 

separations totaled 63.7 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for May 2018 are scheduled to be released 

on Tuesday, July 10, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,108 6,633 6,698 5,225 5,486 5,578 5,111 5,322 5,408

Total private....................................... 5,564 6,026 6,117 4,894 5,150 5,225 4,775 4,986 5,054

Mining and logging1............................ 28 22 27 30 35 36 19 34 30

Construction1................................... 233 235 232 376 343 349 380 352 324

Manufacturing.................................. 373 421 451 311 353 346 314 342 333

Durable goods1.............................. 217 253 286 163 211 209 164 198 193

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 156 168 165 148 142 137 150 145 140

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,032 1,231 1,249 984 1,080 1,101 960 1,067 1,093

Wholesale trade1............................ 225 199 210 126 139 130 120 131 136

Retail trade................................... 600 733 735 673 721 747 669 732 743

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 208 299 304 185 220 224 170 205 214

Information1

..................................... 113 152 178 69 84 84 76 75 82

Financial activities.............................. 411 368 294 195 183 188 193 171 192

Finance and insurance..................... 295 281 197 126 115 123 116 106 119

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 116 87 97 69 68 65 78 64 73

Professional and business services......... 1,021 1,160 1,255 1,038 1,178 1,187 1,003 1,163 1,136

Education and health services............... 1,151 1,269 1,256 661 662 677 616 615 634

Educational services1

....................... 93 103 111 96 91 91 93 91 86

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,059 1,166 1,145 565 571 586 524 525 548

Leisure and hospitality........................ 846 900 939 994 1,013 1,036 969 973 1,031

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 73 86 95 167 161 170 147 145 171

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 774 815 844 827 852 866 822 828 860

Other services1

................................. 355 268 235 236 219 221 245 194 199

Government....................................... 544 607 581 331 336 353 336 336 355

Federal1

......................................... 86 96 87 34 39 43 40 40 41

State and local................................. 457 511 495 297 297 310 296 296 313

State and local education.................. 161 174 174 146 146 157 150 149 169

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 296 337 320 151 151 153 146 147 145

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6

Total private....................................... 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging1

............................ 4.1 3.0 3.6 4.5 4.9 5.0 2.9 4.7 4.1

Construction1

................................... 3.3 3.2 3.1 5.4 4.8 4.9 5.5 4.9 4.5

Manufacturing.................................. 2.9 3.2 3.4 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.6

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.7 3.1 3.5 2.1 2.7 2.6 2.1 2.5 2.4

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.6 4.3 4.3 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.9

Wholesale trade1

............................ 3.7 3.2 3.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.3

Retail trade................................... 3.6 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.7 4.2 4.6 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.5 4.9 5.0 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.0 3.5 3.7

Information1

..................................... 3.9 5.2 6.0 2.4 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.0

Financial activities.............................. 4.7 4.1 3.3 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2

Finance and insurance..................... 4.5 4.3 3.0 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 5.1 3.7 4.1 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.6 2.9 3.3

Professional and business services......... 4.8 5.3 5.7 5.1 5.7 5.7 4.9 5.6 5.4

Education and health services............... 4.8 5.1 5.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7

Educational services1

....................... 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.2 5.6 5.5 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.0 5.2 5.5 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.1 6.0 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.0 3.5 3.9 7.2 6.9 7.3 6.3 6.2 7.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.4 5.5 5.7 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.2

Other services1

................................. 5.8 4.4 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.8 4.3 3.3 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Government....................................... 2.4 2.6 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal1

......................................... 3.0 3.3 3.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5

State and local................................. 2.3 2.6 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local education.................. 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.1 3.6 3.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total............................................... 6,108 5,667 6,228 6,078 6,633 6,698 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,564 5,143 5,675 5,489 6,026 6,117 4.3 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.6

Mining and logging3....................... 28 20 27 24 22 27 4.1 2.8 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.6

Construction3

............................... 233 149 252 180 235 232 3.3 2.1 3.4 2.4 3.2 3.1

Manufacturing.............................. 373 374 424 414 421 451 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4

Durable goods3

.......................... 217 239 273 261 253 286 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.5

Nondurable goods3

...................... 156 135 152 153 168 165 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,032 1,087 1,217 1,093 1,231 1,249 3.6 3.8 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.3

Wholesale trade3

........................ 225 188 224 174 199 210 3.7 3.1 3.6 2.8 3.2 3.4

Retail trade............................... 600 707 709 663 733 735 3.6 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 208 192 283 256 299 304 3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2 4.9 5.0

Information3................................. 113 103 112 118 152 178 3.9 3.6 3.9 4.1 5.2 6.0

Financial activities......................... 411 332 355 406 368 294 4.7 3.8 4.0 4.5 4.1 3.3

Finance and insurance................. 295 253 265 339 281 197 4.5 3.9 4.0 5.1 4.3 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 116 79 90 67 87 97 5.1 3.4 3.9 2.9 3.7 4.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,021 874 1,028 1,016 1,160 1,255 4.8 4.1 4.7 4.7 5.3 5.7

Education and health services........... 1,151 1,107 1,175 1,192 1,269 1,256 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.1

Educational services3

................... 93 84 106 81 103 111 2.5 2.2 2.8 2.1 2.7 2.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,059 1,023 1,069 1,111 1,166 1,145 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 846 902 878 812 900 939 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 73 90 77 84 86 95 3.0 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 774 812 801 728 815 844 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.7

Other services3

............................. 355 196 206 234 268 235 5.8 3.3 3.4 3.9 4.4 3.9

Government................................... 544 524 553 590 607 581 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5

Federal3

..................................... 86 79 88 69 96 87 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.4 3.3 3.0

State and local............................. 457 445 465 520 511 495 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.5

State and local education.............. 161 165 165 180 174 174 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 296 280 300 340 337 320 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,108 968 1,007 1,019 1,134 1,137 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.0

South........................................... 2,235 2,011 2,216 2,182 2,329 2,322 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.1

Midwest........................................ 1,443 1,350 1,507 1,465 1,629 1,659 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.8

West............................................ 1,322 1,338 1,499 1,412 1,541 1,580 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.4

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,225 5,524 5,574 5,511 5,486 5,578 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,894 5,173 5,236 5,178 5,150 5,225 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 30 31 32 36 35 36 4.5 4.4 4.5 5.1 4.9 5.0

Construction................................ 376 321 353 352 343 349 5.4 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.9

Manufacturing.............................. 311 348 360 382 353 346 2.5 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.7

Durable goods........................... 163 201 212 215 211 209 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

Nondurable goods....................... 148 147 149 167 142 137 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.0 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 984 1,076 1,089 1,080 1,080 1,101 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 126 148 151 139 139 130 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2

Retail trade............................... 673 698 728 724 721 747 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 185 230 210 216 220 224 3.3 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8

Information.................................. 69 83 79 82 84 84 2.4 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0

Financial activities......................... 195 187 223 227 183 188 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.2

Finance and insurance................. 126 122 152 153 115 123 2.0 1.9 2.4 2.4 1.8 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 69 65 71 73 68 65 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,038 1,218 1,160 1,150 1,178 1,187 5.1 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.7

Education and health services........... 661 666 709 673 662 677 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9

Educational services.................... 96 111 119 88 91 91 2.6 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.5 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 565 556 591 584 571 586 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 994 1,021 1,027 1,028 1,013 1,036 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 167 153 164 167 161 170 7.2 6.5 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 827 869 863 861 852 866 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2

Other services.............................. 236 222 204 170 219 221 4.1 3.8 3.5 2.9 3.7 3.8

Government................................... 331 351 339 333 336 353 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal...................................... 34 28 38 37 39 43 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5

State and local............................. 297 322 301 296 297 310 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local education.............. 146 167 147 145 146 157 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 151 155 154 151 151 153 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 887 790 817 802 786 808 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0

South........................................... 2,055 2,221 2,266 2,138 2,182 2,225 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1

Midwest........................................ 1,122 1,219 1,203 1,238 1,218 1,217 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7

West............................................ 1,161 1,293 1,288 1,333 1,299 1,328 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,111 5,314 5,319 5,173 5,322 5,408 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,775 4,959 4,989 4,844 4,986 5,054 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 19 31 31 32 34 30 2.9 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.1

Construction................................ 380 291 337 305 352 324 5.5 4.1 4.7 4.3 4.9 4.5

Manufacturing.............................. 314 337 343 350 342 333 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6

Durable goods........................... 164 189 195 192 198 193 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4

Nondurable goods....................... 150 148 148 159 145 140 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 960 1,050 1,061 1,010 1,067 1,093 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.9

Wholesale trade......................... 120 143 149 135 131 136 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3

Retail trade............................... 669 686 714 672 732 743 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 170 221 198 202 205 214 3.0 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.7

Information.................................. 76 88 93 84 75 82 2.7 3.2 3.4 3.0 2.7 3.0

Financial activities......................... 193 172 212 199 171 192 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.2

Finance and insurance................. 116 121 147 148 106 119 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 78 51 65 51 64 73 3.6 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.9 3.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,003 1,180 1,074 1,081 1,163 1,136 4.9 5.7 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.4

Education and health services........... 616 626 656 644 615 634 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7

Educational services.................... 93 98 89 96 91 86 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 524 529 566 548 525 548 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 969 981 988 984 973 1,031 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 147 142 157 157 145 171 6.3 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.2 7.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 822 839 831 827 828 860 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.2

Other services.............................. 245 204 195 155 194 199 4.3 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.3 3.4

Government................................... 336 354 330 330 336 355 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal...................................... 40 36 32 41 40 41 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.5

State and local............................. 296 319 298 288 296 313 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local education.............. 150 165 156 142 149 169 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 146 153 141 147 147 145 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 816 771 813 758 773 803 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9

South........................................... 2,039 2,116 2,186 2,123 2,166 2,206 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.1

Midwest........................................ 1,087 1,164 1,116 1,045 1,125 1,130 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.4

West............................................ 1,169 1,263 1,204 1,248 1,258 1,270 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total............................................... 3,072 3,340 3,191 3,208 3,387 3,351 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,914 3,164 3,023 3,045 3,217 3,163 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5

Mining and logging......................... 10 17 19 21 21 21 1.4 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9

Construction................................ 157 152 156 150 149 160 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2

Manufacturing.............................. 181 217 214 215 211 201 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

Durable goods........................... 96 120 117 122 126 115 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

Nondurable goods....................... 85 97 97 93 85 86 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 599 682 643 626 667 663 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4

Wholesale trade......................... 74 101 88 86 84 86 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4

Retail trade............................... 434 475 452 424 461 462 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 91 106 102 116 122 116 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0

Information.................................. 38 50 50 49 43 49 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8

Financial activities......................... 118 114 118 118 101 96 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1

Finance and insurance................. 75 83 76 83 62 45 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 43 30 43 35 39 52 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 602 747 641 690 715 709 3.0 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4

Education and health services........... 412 423 400 406 433 430 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

Educational services.................... 53 52 45 48 46 52 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 359 370 355 358 387 378 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 675 676 672 694 731 709 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 86 64 79 67 92 67 3.7 2.7 3.4 2.9 3.9 2.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 589 611 593 627 639 642 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.6

Other services3

............................. 123 87 111 76 145 124 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.3 2.5 2.1

Government................................... 158 176 168 163 171 188 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 16 13 13 14 15 17 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local............................. 142 163 155 149 156 171 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

State and local education.............. 76 83 80 78 79 93 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 66 80 75 71 77 78 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 457 422 431 422 438 466 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

South........................................... 1,240 1,322 1,330 1,376 1,419 1,382 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6

Midwest........................................ 629 758 687 647 718 714 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2

West............................................ 746 837 743 764 813 788 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total............................................... 1,687 1,655 1,784 1,620 1,547 1,710 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,579 1,534 1,677 1,516 1,448 1,609 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3

Mining and logging3....................... 8 13 12 9 11 8 1.2 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.1

Construction................................ 213 127 173 149 180 154 3.1 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 111 101 101 114 110 111 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

Durable goods........................... 55 56 62 58 60 67 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 56 44 40 57 50 44 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 279 302 329 306 302 345 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2

Wholesale trade3

........................ 34 30 49 41 32 41 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7

Retail trade............................... 178 171 196 193 199 223 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 68 101 84 73 71 81 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4

Information.................................. 26 29 31 26 27 28 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0

Financial activities......................... 47 42 68 52 41 70 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8

Finance and insurance................. 20 24 47 37 23 50 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 27 18 21 15 19 20 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 356 394 405 344 376 374 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.8

Education and health services........... 169 149 189 183 143 165 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7

Educational services.................... 38 39 39 40 37 30 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 131 111 150 143 106 136 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 261 273 295 270 224 297 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 59 75 76 87 49 100 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.7 2.1 4.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 202 198 219 183 174 197 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4

Other services.............................. 108 104 75 63 34 59 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.1 0.6 1.0

Government................................... 108 121 106 104 99 101 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

Federal...................................... 13 12 12 14 12 13 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 95 109 94 90 87 89 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local education.............. 43 58 54 40 45 50 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 52 51 41 50 42 39 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 290 287 334 280 268 269 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0

South........................................... 671 678 733 620 604 685 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3

Midwest........................................ 386 336 355 334 326 355 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1

West............................................ 339 353 361 385 350 402 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total............................................... 352 318 344 346 387 347 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 282 261 289 283 322 281 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 1 1 1 2 1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Construction3

............................... 10 12 8 7 22 10 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 22 19 28 21 21 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 13 12 16 12 13 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods3

...................... 8 7 12 8 9 10 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 82 66 90 77 98 84 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 12 13 12 8 14 9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 58 39 66 56 72 58 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 12 14 12 13 12 17 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information3................................. 12 8 11 9 4 5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2

Financial activities......................... 28 17 26 30 29 26 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 20 13 24 28 21 24 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 8 3 2 2 7 2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 45 39 29 47 72 53 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 35 55 66 55 39 39 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services3

................... 2 7 5 8 7 5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 33 48 61 47 32 34 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 34 32 21 20 19 25 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 2 3 2 3 4 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 31 29 19 17 15 21 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Other services3............................. 13 13 9 16 16 16 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3

Government................................... 70 57 56 63 66 66 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 11 11 7 14 13 12 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 59 47 49 49 53 54 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 31 25 23 24 25 26 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 28 22 26 25 28 28 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 69 61 48 56 67 68 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 128 115 123 127 144 139 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 71 70 74 64 81 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 84 72 100 99 95 80 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 6,511 6,518 7,195 4.3 4.2 4.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,975 5,920 6,618 4.6 4.5 5.0

Mining and logging............................................... 28 22 27 4.1 3.0 3.6

Construction....................................................... 233 235 232 3.3 3.3 3.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 373 421 451 2.9 3.2 3.5

Durable goods.................................................. 217 253 286 2.7 3.1 3.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 156 168 165 3.2 3.5 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,038 1,209 1,262 3.7 4.2 4.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 225 199 210 3.7 3.2 3.4

Retail trade..................................................... 606 711 747 3.7 4.3 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 208 299 304 3.6 4.9 5.0

Information........................................................ 113 152 178 3.9 5.2 6.0

Financial activities................................................ 461 351 337 5.2 4.0 3.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 345 264 240 5.3 4.0 3.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 116 87 97 5.1 3.8 4.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,112 1,118 1,375 5.2 5.2 6.2

Education and health services.................................. 1,247 1,221 1,372 5.1 4.9 5.5

Educational services.......................................... 93 103 111 2.4 2.6 2.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,155 1,118 1,261 5.6 5.4 6.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,014 922 1,149 6.0 5.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 103 92 134 4.3 4.1 5.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 912 830 1,015 6.3 5.7 6.8

Other services.................................................... 355 268 235 5.8 4.4 3.9

Government.......................................................... 535 598 577 2.3 2.6 2.5

Federal............................................................. 86 96 87 3.0 3.4 3.0

State and local.................................................... 449 501 490 2.2 2.5 2.4

State and local education..................................... 153 165 170 1.4 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 296 337 320 3.2 3.6 3.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,164 1,094 1,212 4.2 3.9 4.3

South................................................................. 2,430 2,313 2,550 4.4 4.1 4.5

Midwest............................................................... 1,480 1,630 1,719 4.4 4.8 5.0

West.................................................................. 1,436 1,480 1,713 4.1 4.2 4.8

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,633 5,139 5,990 3.9 3.5 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,372 4,885 5,711 4.4 3.9 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 33 35 41 5.1 4.9 5.6

Construction....................................................... 525 340 485 7.7 4.9 6.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 325 338 358 2.6 2.7 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 172 207 219 2.2 2.6 2.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 152 131 139 3.3 2.8 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 967 1,051 1,097 3.6 3.8 4.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 142 145 141 2.4 2.4 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 664 719 749 4.2 4.6 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 161 186 207 2.9 3.2 3.6

Information........................................................ 69 74 85 2.5 2.7 3.1

Financial activities................................................ 214 171 204 2.5 2.0 2.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 126 103 121 2.0 1.6 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 88 68 82 4.1 3.1 3.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,172 1,117 1,323 5.8 5.4 6.4

Education and health services.................................. 647 574 661 2.8 2.4 2.8

Educational services.......................................... 66 55 63 1.7 1.4 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 581 520 598 3.0 2.6 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,169 993 1,218 7.4 6.3 7.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 232 147 238 10.3 6.8 10.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 936 845 980 6.9 6.2 7.1

Other services.................................................... 252 193 239 4.4 3.3 4.1

Government.......................................................... 261 254 279 1.1 1.1 1.2

Federal............................................................. 31 38 42 1.1 1.4 1.5

State and local.................................................... 229 216 237 1.1 1.1 1.2

State and local education..................................... 77 80 84 0.7 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 152 136 153 1.7 1.5 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 980 707 894 3.6 2.6 3.3

South................................................................. 2,175 2,076 2,350 4.1 3.9 4.3

Midwest............................................................... 1,258 1,163 1,348 3.9 3.6 4.1

West.................................................................. 1,219 1,192 1,398 3.6 3.5 4.1

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 4,911 4,716 5,245 3.4 3.2 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,675 4,486 4,991 3.8 3.6 4.0

Mining and logging............................................... 19 31 30 2.9 4.4 4.2

Construction....................................................... 362 313 320 5.3 4.6 4.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 317 322 333 2.6 2.6 2.6

Durable goods.................................................. 165 186 193 2.1 2.4 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 153 136 140 3.3 2.9 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 927 961 1,061 3.4 3.5 3.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 127 130 142 2.2 2.2 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 645 656 721 4.1 4.2 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 155 176 199 2.8 3.0 3.4

Information........................................................ 77 67 84 2.8 2.4 3.0

Financial activities................................................ 205 161 206 2.4 1.9 2.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 126 102 132 2.0 1.6 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 79 59 74 3.7 2.7 3.4

Professional and business services............................ 1,021 1,058 1,150 5.0 5.1 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 588 555 616 2.5 2.4 2.6

Educational services.......................................... 68 59 66 1.8 1.5 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 519 497 550 2.7 2.5 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 931 830 1,004 5.9 5.2 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 142 106 171 6.3 4.9 7.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 789 724 834 5.8 5.3 6.0

Other services.................................................... 227 185 187 3.9 3.2 3.2

Government.......................................................... 236 230 254 1.0 1.0 1.1

Federal............................................................. 35 34 37 1.2 1.2 1.3

State and local.................................................... 201 196 217 1.0 1.0 1.1

State and local education..................................... 83 80 97 0.8 0.7 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 118 116 121 1.3 1.3 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 771 618 771 2.9 2.3 2.8

South................................................................. 2,001 1,968 2,181 3.8 3.7 4.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,004 999 1,050 3.1 3.1 3.2

West.................................................................. 1,134 1,130 1,243 3.4 3.3 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 3,051 3,102 3,335 2.1 2.1 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,927 2,971 3,186 2.4 2.4 2.5

Mining and logging............................................... 10 18 21 1.4 2.6 2.9

Construction....................................................... 166 134 172 2.4 1.9 2.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 190 201 208 1.5 1.6 1.6

Durable goods.................................................. 103 120 121 1.3 1.5 1.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 88 81 87 1.9 1.7 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 608 624 675 2.2 2.3 2.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 79 82 90 1.4 1.4 1.5

Retail trade..................................................... 433 426 462 2.8 2.7 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 95 117 123 1.7 2.0 2.1

Information........................................................ 37 38 49 1.3 1.4 1.8

Financial activities................................................ 123 101 99 1.5 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 81 62 47 1.3 1.0 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 43 39 52 2.0 1.7 2.3

Professional and business services............................ 593 659 700 2.9 3.2 3.4

Education and health services.................................. 410 400 433 1.8 1.7 1.8

Educational services.......................................... 42 31 43 1.1 0.8 1.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 368 368 389 1.9 1.9 2.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 666 650 706 4.2 4.1 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 77 70 58 3.4 3.2 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 590 581 648 4.3 4.3 4.7

Other services.................................................... 123 145 124 2.1 2.5 2.1

Government.......................................................... 124 132 149 0.5 0.6 0.7

Federal............................................................. 15 14 16 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local.................................................... 110 118 133 0.6 0.6 0.7

State and local education..................................... 46 49 58 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 63 69 75 0.7 0.8 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 439 361 464 1.6 1.3 1.7

South................................................................. 1,259 1,338 1,391 2.4 2.5 2.6

Midwest............................................................... 609 651 692 1.9 2.0 2.1

West.................................................................. 744 753 788 2.2 2.2 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 1,530 1,260 1,580 1.0 0.9 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,468 1,211 1,526 1.2 1.0 1.2

Mining and logging............................................... 8 11 8 1.2 1.6 1.1

Construction....................................................... 187 158 139 2.7 2.3 2.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 105 100 103 0.8 0.8 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 48 54 60 0.6 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 57 46 43 1.2 1.0 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 238 248 302 0.9 0.9 1.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 34 32 41 0.6 0.5 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 156 169 202 1.0 1.1 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 48 47 59 0.8 0.8 1.0

Information........................................................ 28 25 30 1.0 0.9 1.1

Financial activities................................................ 51 37 78 0.6 0.4 0.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 23 24 57 0.4 0.4 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 28 13 21 1.3 0.6 0.9

Professional and business services............................ 388 329 401 1.9 1.6 1.9

Education and health services.................................. 142 117 145 0.6 0.5 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 24 20 18 0.6 0.5 0.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 119 96 126 0.6 0.5 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 231 161 273 1.5 1.0 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 63 33 108 2.8 1.5 4.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 169 128 164 1.2 0.9 1.2

Other services.................................................... 90 25 47 1.6 0.4 0.8

Government.......................................................... 61 49 55 0.3 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 10 10 10 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 51 39 45 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 20 19 24 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 31 20 21 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 265 194 239 1.0 0.7 0.9

South................................................................. 631 507 659 1.2 0.9 1.2

Midwest............................................................... 327 279 304 1.0 0.9 0.9

West.................................................................. 307 280 379 0.9 0.8 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Apr.

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 330 354 330 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 280 305 280 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 2 1 0.3 0.3 0.2

Construction....................................................... 10 22 10 0.1 0.3 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 23 21 22 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 14 12 12 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 9 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 81 88 84 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 14 15 11 0.2 0.3 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 55 61 57 0.4 0.4 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 12 12 17 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information........................................................ 12 4 5 0.4 0.1 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 31 23 29 0.4 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 23 16 28 0.4 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 8 7 2 0.4 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 40 71 48 0.2 0.3 0.2

Education and health services.................................. 35 39 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 2 7 5 0.1 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 33 32 34 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 34 19 25 0.2 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 4 4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 31 15 21 0.2 0.1 0.2

Other services.................................................... 13 16 16 0.2 0.3 0.3

Government.......................................................... 50 49 50 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 10 11 11 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 40 38 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 17 12 15 0.2 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 23 26 25 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 68 63 69 0.3 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 112 124 132 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 67 70 53 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 84 97 76 0.2 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.