Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-0557 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, April 1, 2022

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MARCH 2022

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 431,000 in March, and the unemployment rate declined 

to 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains continued in leisure 

and hospitality, professional and business services, retail trade, and manufacturing.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 3.6 percent in March, and the number of 

unemployed persons decreased by 318,000 to 6.0 million. These measures are little different from their 

values in February 2020 (3.5 percent and 5.7 million, respectively), prior to the coronavirus (COVID19) pandemic. (See table A-1.) 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

March 2019 – March 2022

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Mar-19 Sep-19 Mar-20 Sep-20 Mar-21 Sep-21 Mar-22

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

March 2019 – March 2022

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Mar-19 Sep-19 Mar-20 Sep-20 Mar-21 Sep-21 Mar-22
 

-2- 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult women (3.3 percent) declined in 

March. The jobless rates for adult men (3.4 percent), teenagers (10.0 percent), Whites (3.2 percent), 

Blacks (6.2 percent), Asians (2.8 percent), and Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little change over the 

month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers decreased by 191,000 to 1.4 million in 

March and is little different from its February 2020 level of 1.3 million. The number of persons on 

temporary layoff was little changed over the month at 787,000 and has essentially returned to its 

February 2020 level. The number of job leavers—that is, unemployed persons who quit or voluntarily 

left their previous job and began looking for new employment—fell by 176,000 to 787,000 in March. 

(See table A-11.) 

In March, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) decreased by 

274,000 to 1.4 million. This measure is 307,000 higher than in February 2020. The long-term 

unemployed accounted for 23.9 percent of all unemployed persons in March. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate, at 62.4 percent, changed little in March. The employmentpopulation ratio increased by 0.2 percentage point to 60.1 percent. Both measures remain below their 

February 2020 values (63.4 percent and 61.2 percent, respectively). (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was about unchanged at 4.2 million 

in March and is little different from its February 2020 level. These individuals, who would have 

preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they 

were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job increased by 382,000

to 5.7 million in March, following a decrease of a similar magnitude in the prior month. This measure is

above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals were not counted as unemployed 

because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were 

unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force, at 1.4 million, changed little in March. These individuals wanted and were available for 

work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 

weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached 

who believed that no jobs were available for them, was essentially unchanged over the month at 

373,000. (See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In March, 10.0 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down 

from 13.0 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked 

at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the pandemic.

In March, 2.5 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer 

closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at 

some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 4.2

million in the previous month. Among those who reported in March that they were unable to work 
 

-3- 

because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 15.4 percent received at least some pay from 

their employer for the hours not worked, down from 20.3 percent in February. 

Among those not in the labor force in March, 874,000 persons were prevented from looking for work 

due to the pandemic, down from 1.2 million in the prior month. (To be counted as unemployed, by 

definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) 

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to 

help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables 

with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 431,000 in March, as job gains continued in leisure and 

hospitality, professional and business services, retail trade, and manufacturing. Overall, job growth 

averaged 562,000 per month in the first quarter of 2022, the same as the average monthly gain for 2021. 

However, employment is down by 1.6 million, or 1.0 percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February 

2020. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to increase, with a gain of 112,000 in March. Job 

growth occurred in food services and drinking places (+61,000) and accommodation (+25,000). 

Employment in leisure and hospitality is down by 1.5 million, or 8.7 percent, since February 2020. 

Job growth continued in professional and business services, which added 102,000 jobs in March. 

Within the industry, job gains occurred in services to buildings and dwellings (+22,000), accounting and 

bookkeeping services (+18,000), management and technical consulting services (+15,000), computer 

systems design and related services (+12,000), and scientific research and development services 

(+5,000). Employment in professional and business services is 723,000 higher than in February 2020. 

Employment in retail trade increased by 49,000 in March, with gains in general merchandise stores 

(+20,000) and food and beverage stores (+18,000). Health and personal care stores lost 5,000 jobs. 

Retail trade employment is 278,000 above its level in February 2020. 

Manufacturing added 38,000 jobs in March. Employment in durable goods industries rose by 22,000, 

with gains in transportation equipment (+11,000) and electrical equipment and appliances (+4,000). 

These gains were partially offset by a loss of 5,000 jobs in nonmetallic mineral products. Nondurable 

goods manufacturing added 16,000 jobs over the month, including a gain in chemicals (+7,000). Since 

February 2020, manufacturing employment is down by 128,000, or 1.0 percent. 

Employment in social assistance increased by 25,000 in March, with the gain concentrated in individual 

and family services (+18,000). Employment in social assistance is down by 126,000, or 2.9 percent, 

from its level in February 2020. 

Employment in construction continued to trend up in March (+19,000) and has returned to its February 

2020 level. 
 

-4- 

In March, employment in financial activities rose by 16,000, with gains in real estate and rental and 

leasing (+14,000) and in securities, commodity contracts, and investments (+5,000). Employment in 

financial activities is 41,000 above its level in February 2020. 

Health care employment changed little in March (+8,000), after a large increase in the prior month.

Employment in the industry is down by 298,000, or 1.8 percent, since February 2020. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing was essentially unchanged in March (-1,000), 

following large gains in the prior 2 months. In March, a job gain in couriers and messengers (+7,000) 

was offset by small losses in other component industries. Employment in transportation and 

warehousing is 608,000 higher than in February 2020. 

Employment showed little change over the month in mining, wholesale trade, information, other 

services, and government. 

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 13 cents to $31.73 in 

March. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 5.6 percent. In March, 

average hourly earnings of private sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 11 cents 

to $27.06. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 hour to 34.6 hours in 

March. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was unchanged at 40.7 hours, and 

overtime fell by 0.1 hour to 3.4 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1 hour to 34.1 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised up by 23,000, from +481,000 

to +504,000, and the change for February was revised up by 72,000, from +678,000 to +750,000. With 

these revisions, employment in January and February combined is 95,000 higher than previously 

reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government 

agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 6, 2022, at 8:30 

a.m. (ET). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Change from:

Feb. 2022-

Mar. 2022

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 261,003 263,202 263,324 263,444 120

Civilian labor force........................................................... 160,631 163,687 163,991 164,409 418

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.5 62.2 62.3 62.4 0.1

Employed................................................................... 150,940 157,174 157,722 158,458 736

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 57.8 59.7 59.9 60.1 0.2

Unemployed............................................................... 9,691 6,513 6,270 5,952 -318

Unemployment rate.................................................... 6.0 4.0 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,372 99,516 99,333 99,035 -298

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 6.0 4.0 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 5.8 3.8 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 5.7 3.6 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 12.7 10.9 10.3 10.0 -0.3

White.......................................................................... 5.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 9.5 6.9 6.6 6.2 -0.4

Asian.......................................................................... 5.9 3.6 3.1 2.8 -0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 7.7 4.9 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 5.2 3.4 3.3 2.9 -0.4

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 8.2 6.3 4.3 5.2 0.9

High school graduates, no college........................................ 6.6 4.6 4.5 4.0 -0.5

Some college or associate degree........................................ 5.8 3.6 3.8 3.0 -0.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 3.7 2.3 2.2 2.0 -0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 6,262 3,220 3,044 2,831 -213

Job leavers...................................................................... 768 952 963 787 -176

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,248 1,959 1,947 1,985 38

New entrants.................................................................... 503 433 417 463 46

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,204 2,417 2,131 2,289 158

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,950 1,607 1,800 1,684 -116

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,371 816 735 571 -164

27 weeks and over............................................................. 4,201 1,691 1,702 1,428 -274

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,823 3,717 4,135 4,170 35

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 4,643 2,430 2,707 2,880 173

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,013 969 1,060 1,055 -5

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 19,128 20,198 20,667 20,870 203

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,852 1,526 1,471 1,360 -111

Discouraged workers........................................................ 522 408 391 373 -18

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 504 750 431

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 492 739 426

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 32 102 60

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0 7 3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6 57 19

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 26 38 38

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 10 15 22

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 0.3 -16.0 6.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 16 23 16

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 460 637 366

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 12.6 19.6 7.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.0 121.4 110.3 49.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.1 53.4 69.7 -0.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.6 -0.4 -1.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5 -5 16

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 30 16

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 88 105 102

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 27.7 43.0 4.9

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 33 117 53

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 11.1 96.8 33.3

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 138 154 112

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6 37 13

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 12 11 5

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 580 614 562

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 560 597 552

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 49.7 49.7 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.3 48.3 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.2 81.5 81.5 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 34.6 34.7 34.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30.06 $31.56 $31.60 $31.73

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,049.09 $1,091.98 $1,096.52 $1,097.86

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.4 110.8 111.8 111.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 -0.2 0.9 0.0

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.3 167.2 168.9 169.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 0.4 1.0 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 62.9 81.3 69.7

Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.0 60.1 85.1 64.2

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 670,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,003 263,324 263,444 261,003 262,029 262,136 263,202 263,324 263,444

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,397 163,725 164,274 160,631 162,126 162,294 163,687 163,991 164,409

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 62.2 62.4 61.5 61.9 61.9 62.2 62.3 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,493 156,942 158,106 150,940 155,324 155,975 157,174 157,722 158,458

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 59.6 60.0 57.8 59.3 59.5 59.7 59.9 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,905 6,782 6,168 9,691 6,802 6,319 6,513 6,270 5,952

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 4.1 3.8 6.0 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,606 99,600 99,170 100,372 99,902 99,842 99,516 99,333 99,035

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,576 5,299 5,502 6,822 5,819 5,713 5,704 5,355 5,737

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,266 128,296 128,355 126,266 126,779 126,832 128,236 128,296 128,355

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,728 87,271 87,408 85,008 86,017 85,857 87,074 87,567 87,660

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 68.0 68.1 67.3 67.8 67.7 67.9 68.3 68.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,188 83,460 83,902 79,777 82,432 82,508 83,518 84,247 84,465

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 65.1 65.4 63.2 65.0 65.1 65.1 65.7 65.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,540 3,812 3,506 5,231 3,585 3,349 3,556 3,320 3,195

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 4.4 4.0 6.2 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,538 41,024 40,947 41,259 40,762 40,975 41,162 40,729 40,695

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,949 119,669 119,726 117,949 118,466 118,520 119,612 119,669 119,726

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,992 84,390 84,403 82,048 83,007 82,902 83,967 84,446 84,426

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.5 70.5 70.5 69.6 70.1 69.9 70.2 70.6 70.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,872 80,918 81,201 77,262 79,736 79,892 80,767 81,473 81,554

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 67.6 67.8 65.5 67.3 67.4 67.5 68.1 68.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,120 3,472 3,202 4,786 3,272 3,010 3,199 2,973 2,872

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 4.1 3.8 5.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,957 35,280 35,323 35,901 35,459 35,618 35,645 35,224 35,300

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,737 135,028 135,089 134,737 135,250 135,304 134,966 135,028 135,089

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,670 76,453 76,866 75,623 76,109 76,437 76,612 76,425 76,749

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 56.6 56.9 56.1 56.3 56.5 56.8 56.6 56.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,305 73,483 74,203 71,163 72,892 73,467 73,656 73,475 73,992

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.9 54.4 54.9 52.8 53.9 54.3 54.6 54.4 54.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,365 2,971 2,663 4,461 3,217 2,970 2,957 2,950 2,757

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 3.9 3.5 5.9 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,067 58,575 58,223 59,113 59,141 58,867 58,354 58,604 58,340

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,594 126,631 126,691 126,594 127,112 127,167 126,570 126,631 126,691

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,818 73,650 73,946 72,635 73,134 73,455 73,494 73,446 73,695

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 58.2 58.4 57.4 57.5 57.8 58.1 58.0 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,730 70,931 71,555 68,486 70,257 70,795 70,857 70,775 71,244

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3 56.0 56.5 54.1 55.3 55.7 56.0 55.9 56.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,088 2,718 2,391 4,149 2,876 2,660 2,637 2,671 2,451

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 3.7 3.2 5.7 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,775 52,981 52,745 53,959 53,978 53,712 53,076 53,185 52,996

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,460 17,024 17,027 16,460 16,450 16,449 17,020 17,024 17,027

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,587 5,685 5,926 5,948 5,985 5,936 6,226 6,100 6,288

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 33.4 34.8 36.1 36.4 36.1 36.6 35.8 36.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,890 5,094 5,350 5,192 5,331 5,287 5,550 5,474 5,660

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.7 29.9 31.4 31.5 32.4 32.1 32.6 32.2 33.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 592 576 756 654 649 676 626 629

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 10.4 9.7 12.7 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.3 10.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,873 11,339 11,102 10,512 10,465 10,512 10,795 10,924 10,739

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,642 202,875 202,932 201,642 202,199 202,250 202,819 202,875 202,932

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,768 126,014 126,302 123,902 124,677 124,780 125,782 126,139 126,364

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 62.1 62.2 61.4 61.7 61.7 62.0 62.2 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,981 121,402 122,122 117,288 120,084 120,749 121,497 121,967 122,357

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 59.8 60.2 58.2 59.4 59.7 59.9 60.1 60.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,787 4,612 4,180 6,614 4,593 4,032 4,285 4,172 4,007

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 3.7 3.3 5.3 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,874 76,861 76,630 77,740 77,521 77,469 77,038 76,736 76,568

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,348 65,987 66,085 64,346 64,973 65,000 65,736 65,972 66,059

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 70.5 70.6 69.6 70.0 70.0 70.2 70.5 70.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,753 63,583 63,808 61,008 62,835 63,047 63,612 63,995 64,043

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 67.9 68.1 66.0 67.7 67.9 68.0 68.4 68.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,596 2,404 2,278 3,338 2,138 1,953 2,124 1,977 2,015

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 3.6 3.4 5.2 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,040 55,501 55,556 54,908 55,069 55,177 55,169 55,312 55,376

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 57.3 57.4 56.6 56.6 56.7 57.0 57.1 57.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,340 53,737 54,041 52,162 53,030 53,493 53,449 53,571 53,803

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 55.5 55.8 53.7 54.5 54.9 55.2 55.3 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,699 1,764 1,515 2,746 2,039 1,684 1,720 1,740 1,572

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 3.2 2.7 5.0 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,380 4,525 4,660 4,648 4,635 4,603 4,877 4,855 4,930

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 36.3 37.4 38.5 38.4 38.2 39.1 38.9 39.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,888 4,082 4,273 4,118 4,219 4,209 4,435 4,400 4,510

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 32.7 34.3 34.1 35.0 34.9 35.6 35.3 36.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 444 388 530 415 395 442 455 420

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 9.8 8.3 11.4 9.0 8.6 9.1 9.4 8.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,530 34,004 34,030 33,530 33,725 33,749 33,978 34,004 34,030

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,283 21,003 21,026 20,344 20,477 20,506 21,056 21,145 21,134

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 61.8 61.8 60.7 60.7 60.8 62.0 62.2 62.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,281 19,566 19,695 18,419 19,143 19,057 19,597 19,751 19,825

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.5 57.5 57.9 54.9 56.8 56.5 57.7 58.1 58.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,002 1,437 1,331 1,925 1,335 1,449 1,459 1,394 1,309

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 6.8 6.3 9.5 6.5 7.1 6.9 6.6 6.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,247 13,001 13,003 13,186 13,248 13,243 12,922 12,859 12,895

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,394 9,887 9,754 9,421 9,466 9,378 9,741 9,966 9,817

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 68.4 67.4 66.5 66.4 65.7 67.5 69.0 67.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,406 9,200 9,163 8,510 8,787 8,723 9,051 9,327 9,264

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 63.7 63.4 60.1 61.6 61.1 62.7 64.5 64.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988 687 590 911 679 655 690 640 553

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 6.9 6.1 9.7 7.2 7.0 7.1 6.4 5.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,197 10,527 10,572 10,182 10,301 10,445 10,568 10,537 10,569

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 61.6 61.8 60.0 60.3 61.1 61.9 61.7 61.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,296 9,874 9,986 9,300 9,802 9,794 9,954 9,897 9,984

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 57.8 58.4 54.8 57.4 57.3 58.3 57.9 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902 653 586 882 500 651 614 640 585

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 6.2 5.5 8.7 4.9 6.2 5.8 6.1 5.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 589 701 740 711 683 747 642 749

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.9 23.8 28.3 30.9 29.8 28.6 30.2 26.0 30.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 491 546 609 554 540 592 528 577

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 19.9 22.1 25.4 23.2 22.6 24.0 21.4 23.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 98 155 132 157 143 155 114 172

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 16.6 22.1 17.8 22.0 21.0 20.7 17.8 22.9

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,532 16,782 16,803 16,532 16,513 16,612 16,903 16,782 16,803

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,433 10,567 10,784 10,411 10,781 10,739 10,880 10,555 10,761

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 63.0 64.2 63.0 65.3 64.6 64.4 62.9 64.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,817 10,256 10,493 9,798 10,362 10,326 10,492 10,231 10,460

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 61.1 62.4 59.3 62.8 62.2 62.1 61.0 62.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616 311 291 613 419 413 388 324 300

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 2.9 2.7 5.9 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.1 2.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,099 6,215 6,019 6,120 5,731 5,873 6,022 6,227 6,042

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 44,651 45,816 45,888 44,651 45,232 45,303 45,740 45,816 45,888

Civilian labor force................................ 29,232 30,449 30,498 29,182 29,979 29,883 30,390 30,492 30,475

Participation rate............................... 65.5 66.5 66.5 65.4 66.3 66.0 66.4 66.6 66.4

Employed....................................... 26,848 28,991 29,155 26,942 28,432 28,427 28,893 29,136 29,209

Employment-population ratio............... 60.1 63.3 63.5 60.3 62.9 62.7 63.2 63.6 63.7

Unemployed.................................... 2,384 1,458 1,343 2,240 1,547 1,456 1,497 1,356 1,265

Unemployment rate......................... 8.2 4.8 4.4 7.7 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.2

Not in labor force................................. 15,418 15,367 15,390 15,468 15,253 15,420 15,350 15,324 15,414

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,033 16,678 16,672 15,940 16,422 16,266 16,586 16,700 16,619

Participation rate............................... 79.5 80.3 80.2 79.0 80.3 79.4 80.0 80.4 79.9

Employed....................................... 14,733 15,964 15,938 14,794 15,681 15,580 15,867 16,086 15,979

Employment-population ratio............... 73.0 76.9 76.6 73.3 76.7 76.1 76.6 77.5 76.8

Unemployed.................................... 1,300 713 734 1,147 741 687 719 614 640

Unemployment rate......................... 8.1 4.3 4.4 7.2 4.5 4.2 4.3 3.7 3.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,869 12,425 12,465 11,893 12,170 12,288 12,383 12,403 12,477

Participation rate............................... 58.1 59.7 59.8 58.2 58.7 59.2 59.6 59.6 59.8

Employed....................................... 10,983 11,809 11,928 11,020 11,531 11,682 11,775 11,802 11,950

Employment-population ratio............... 53.7 56.7 57.2 53.9 55.7 56.3 56.6 56.7 57.3

Unemployed.................................... 886 616 537 873 639 606 608 601 527

Unemployment rate......................... 7.5 5.0 4.3 7.3 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,331 1,346 1,361 1,349 1,387 1,328 1,421 1,389 1,379

Participation rate............................... 33.0 31.8 32.1 33.5 34.1 32.6 33.6 32.8 32.5

Employed....................................... 1,133 1,218 1,289 1,128 1,220 1,165 1,251 1,248 1,280

Employment-population ratio............... 28.1 28.8 30.4 28.0 30.0 28.6 29.6 29.5 30.2

Unemployed.................................... 198 129 72 220 167 163 170 141 98

Unemployment rate......................... 14.9 9.6 5.3 16.3 12.1 12.2 12.0 10.2 7.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 8,835 8,647 9,030 8,935 8,791 8,712 8,687 8,962 9,097

Participation rate.................................. 43.9 45.2 45.3 44.4 45.1 44.8 44.5 46.8 45.6

Employed.......................................... 7,997 8,141 8,456 8,198 8,304 8,255 8,142 8,574 8,627

Employment-population ratio................. 39.8 42.5 42.4 40.8 42.6 42.5 41.7 44.8 43.2

Unemployed....................................... 838 507 574 737 487 457 545 388 470

Unemployment rate............................ 9.5 5.9 6.4 8.2 5.5 5.2 6.3 4.3 5.2

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 34,351 36,577 36,943 34,283 35,444 35,828 37,064 36,589 36,847

Participation rate.................................. 54.9 56.2 56.9 54.8 55.7 55.7 57.2 56.2 56.8

Employed.......................................... 31,902 34,793 35,365 32,004 33,615 34,188 35,361 34,953 35,368

Employment-population ratio................. 51.0 53.5 54.5 51.2 52.9 53.1 54.6 53.7 54.5

Unemployed....................................... 2,449 1,784 1,578 2,279 1,829 1,640 1,703 1,636 1,479

Unemployment rate............................ 7.1 4.9 4.3 6.6 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.0

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,782 35,337 35,600 35,761 35,417 35,477 35,320 35,391 35,555

Participation rate.................................. 63.3 63.5 63.5 63.3 62.6 62.7 63.1 63.6 63.4

Employed.......................................... 33,608 33,931 34,468 33,691 34,105 34,204 34,059 34,060 34,480

Employment-population ratio................. 59.5 61.0 61.5 59.6 60.2 60.4 60.9 61.2 61.5

Unemployed....................................... 2,174 1,406 1,132 2,070 1,312 1,274 1,261 1,331 1,075

Unemployment rate............................ 6.1 4.0 3.2 5.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 61,316 62,734 62,027 60,871 61,317 61,134 61,699 62,003 61,597

Participation rate.................................. 72.6 73.3 73.3 72.0 72.0 72.3 72.6 72.4 72.8

Employed.......................................... 59,086 61,375 60,855 58,623 59,937 59,860 60,294 60,656 60,386

Employment-population ratio................. 69.9 71.7 71.9 69.4 70.4 70.8 70.9 70.9 71.4

Unemployed....................................... 2,230 1,359 1,172 2,248 1,380 1,274 1,404 1,347 1,211

Unemployment rate............................ 3.6 2.2 1.9 3.7 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,914 18,449 16,905 16,427 2,009 2,022

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,995 8,979 7,820 7,799 1,176 1,180

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 48.7 46.3 47.5 58.5 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,544 8,763 7,403 7,603 1,141 1,160

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 47.5 43.8 46.3 56.8 57.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 216 417 196 35 20

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 2.4 5.3 2.5 2.9 1.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,919 9,470 9,085 8,628 833 842

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,622 4,761 3,833 3,864 789 898

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,637 3,860 3,103 3,218 534 642

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 81.1 81.0 83.3 67.7 71.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,414 3,746 2,900 3,115 514 631

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.9 78.7 75.7 80.6 65.1 70.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 114 203 103 20 12

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 3.0 6.5 3.2 3.8 1.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 901 730 645 255 255

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,315 3,332 2,776 2,870 539 461

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,455 2,493 2,063 2,158 392 335

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 74.8 74.3 75.2 72.8 72.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,345 2,460 1,964 2,127 381 332

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.8 73.8 70.7 74.1 70.8 72.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 34 99 31 11 3

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 1.4 4.8 1.4 2.8 0.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 839 713 712 146 126

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,804 6,322 6,541 6,070 263 252

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,141 945 1,106 913 35 32

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.8 15.0 16.9 15.0 13.3 12.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,090 911 1,059 884 31 27

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 14.4 16.2 14.6 11.9 10.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 34 47 28 3 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.6 4.3 3.1 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,663 5,377 5,435 5,157 228 220

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,173 4,034 3,755 3,623 418 411

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,762 1,680 1,548 1,510 214 170

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 41.7 41.2 41.7 51.3 41.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,694 1,646 1,480 1,476 214 170

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 40.8 39.4 40.7 51.3 41.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 35 68 35 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 2.1 4.4 2.3 0.0 0.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,411 2,354 2,207 2,113 204 241

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233,443 235,932 104,963 107,359 128,480 128,573

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,422 153,017 76,020 78,515 73,403 74,501

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 64.9 72.4 73.1 57.1 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,208 147,263 71,012 75,305 69,196 71,959

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 62.4 67.7 70.1 53.9 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,215 5,753 5,008 3,211 4,207 2,543

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 3.8 6.6 4.1 5.7 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,021 82,915 28,943 28,844 55,077 54,072

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,108 32,616 230,895 230,828

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,082 7,550 154,315 156,724

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.2 23.1 66.8 67.9

Employed............................................................................. 5,459 6,882 145,034 151,224

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.1 21.1 62.8 65.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 623 668 9,282 5,501

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.2 8.8 6.0 3.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,026 25,066 76,580 74,104

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,494 3,202 76,533 78,110

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.3 38.8 81.6 82.6

Employed............................................................................. 2,226 2,889 71,553 75,114

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.8 35.0 76.3 79.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 268 313 4,981 2,996

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.7 9.8 6.5 3.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,985 5,050 17,222 16,444

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,506 3,107 68,417 69,120

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.4 36.7 70.8 71.9

Employed............................................................................. 2,214 2,804 64,580 66,884

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.5 33.2 66.9 69.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 292 303 3,837 2,236

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.6 9.7 5.6 3.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,002 5,351 28,181 26,947

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,082 1,242 9,365 9,494

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.2 7.8 23.1 23.6

Employed............................................................................. 1,019 1,190 8,901 9,226

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.7 7.5 22.0 22.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 63 52 464 268

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.9 4.2 5.0 2.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,039 14,665 31,176 30,713

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 43,059 44,456 20,674 21,475 22,385 22,982

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,775 29,159 15,838 16,553 11,937 12,606

Participation rate.................................................. 64.5 65.6 76.6 77.1 53.3 54.9

Employed.......................................................... 25,886 28,172 14,841 16,001 11,045 12,172

Employment-population ratio................................. 60.1 63.4 71.8 74.5 49.3 53.0

Unemployed....................................................... 1,889 986 997 552 892 435

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.8 3.4 6.3 3.3 7.5 3.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,285 15,297 4,836 4,922 10,449 10,376

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 217,944 218,988 105,593 106,880 112,351 112,108

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,623 135,115 68,890 70,855 63,733 64,260

Participation rate.................................................. 60.9 61.7 65.2 66.3 56.7 57.3

Employed.......................................................... 124,607 129,933 64,347 67,901 60,260 62,032

Employment-population ratio................................. 57.2 59.3 60.9 63.5 53.6 55.3

Unemployed....................................................... 8,016 5,182 4,543 2,954 3,473 2,228

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.0 3.8 6.6 4.2 5.4 3.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 85,321 83,873 36,702 36,025 48,619 47,847

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,109 2,262 2,256 2,227 2,212 2,308 2,326 2,383 2,378

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,429 1,457 1,490 1,521 1,434 1,477 1,501 1,525 1,571

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 623 771 737 645 744 785 771 801 758

Unpaid family workers........................... 57 34 29 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 148,384 154,681 155,849 148,550 152,933 153,409 154,598 155,094 155,871

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 139,161 145,611 146,612 139,504 143,816 144,474 145,993 146,263 146,955

Government..................................... 20,958 21,375 21,687 20,617 20,750 21,097 21,274 20,971 21,296

Private industries............................... 118,203 124,235 124,924 118,663 123,416 123,172 124,240 124,886 125,204

Private households.......................... 650 572 575 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 117,553 123,663 124,349 117,988 122,796 122,484 123,512 124,144 124,505

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,143 9,002 9,165 9,248 9,256 9,282 9,089 9,175 9,260

Unpaid family workers........................... 80 69 73 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,913 4,349 4,266 5,823 4,266 3,929 3,717 4,135 4,170

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,660 2,946 2,921 4,643 2,903 2,594 2,430 2,707 2,880

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,061 1,089 1,116 1,013 1,059 1,082 969 1,060 1,055

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,523 21,301 21,356 19,128 20,440 20,315 20,198 20,667 20,870

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,859 4,278 4,211 5,803 4,244 3,898 3,620 4,105 4,149

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,622 2,900 2,879 4,609 2,869 2,578 2,400 2,672 2,842

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,060 1,084 1,114 1,010 1,056 1,079 960 1,053 1,049

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,151 20,894 20,997 18,748 20,075 19,951 19,839 20,275 20,498

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,493 156,942 158,106 150,940 155,324 155,975 157,174 157,722 158,458

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,890 5,094 5,350 5,192 5,331 5,287 5,550 5,474 5,660

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,742 2,082 2,080 1,945 2,087 2,075 2,188 2,295 2,310

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,149 3,012 3,270 3,264 3,243 3,214 3,378 3,205 3,392

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,603 151,849 152,756 145,748 149,993 150,688 151,624 152,248 152,798

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,009 13,609 13,611 13,167 13,824 13,870 13,756 13,834 13,774

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,593 138,240 139,145 132,549 136,065 136,605 137,840 138,412 139,055

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,911 100,923 101,788 96,938 99,396 99,740 100,647 101,109 101,769

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,125 35,052 35,358 34,136 35,347 35,352 34,985 35,125 35,367

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,356 34,443 34,672 32,413 33,174 33,454 34,147 34,535 34,695

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,431 31,427 31,758 30,390 30,875 30,934 31,515 31,448 31,707

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,682 37,317 37,357 35,611 36,669 36,865 37,193 37,304 37,287

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,188 83,460 83,902 79,777 82,432 82,508 83,518 84,247 84,465

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,316 2,542 2,701 2,515 2,696 2,616 2,751 2,774 2,911

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774 1,014 995 893 1,017 970 1,022 1,131 1,137

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,542 1,528 1,707 1,634 1,686 1,655 1,744 1,659 1,804

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,872 80,918 81,201 77,262 79,736 79,892 80,767 81,473 81,554

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,594 6,891 6,847 6,711 7,100 7,070 7,032 7,059 6,975

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,278 74,027 74,354 70,552 72,535 72,702 73,752 74,457 74,613

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,374 53,898 54,113 51,582 52,894 52,992 53,693 54,227 54,331

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,188 18,667 18,719 18,246 18,797 18,793 18,555 18,788 18,782

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,393 18,566 18,608 17,481 17,845 17,899 18,420 18,696 18,696

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,793 16,665 16,786 15,856 16,252 16,300 16,718 16,743 16,852

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,904 20,129 20,240 18,970 19,641 19,710 20,059 20,230 20,282

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,305 73,483 74,203 71,163 72,892 73,467 73,656 73,475 73,992

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,574 2,551 2,649 2,677 2,635 2,671 2,799 2,699 2,748

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968 1,068 1,085 1,052 1,070 1,105 1,166 1,164 1,173

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,607 1,483 1,564 1,630 1,557 1,558 1,634 1,546 1,589

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,730 70,931 71,555 68,486 70,257 70,795 70,857 70,775 71,244

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,415 6,718 6,764 6,457 6,724 6,799 6,725 6,775 6,799

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,315 64,213 64,791 61,997 63,530 63,904 64,088 63,955 64,442

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,537 47,025 47,675 45,356 46,502 46,748 46,954 46,882 47,438

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,936 16,385 16,639 15,890 16,550 16,559 16,430 16,338 16,584

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,963 15,878 16,064 14,932 15,329 15,555 15,727 15,838 15,999

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,638 14,762 14,972 14,534 14,623 14,635 14,798 14,705 14,855

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,778 17,188 17,116 16,641 17,029 17,156 17,134 17,074 17,004

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,681 45,572 45,412 43,690 44,209 44,437 45,342 45,648 45,325

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,255 36,146 36,391 34,954 35,328 35,557 35,885 35,870 36,043

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,402 9,958 10,182 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,840 130,712 131,663 125,959 129,388 130,191 131,164 131,806 132,718

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,653 26,230 26,443 25,158 25,956 25,681 25,817 25,801 25,902

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,004 7,557 7,496 6,894 7,065 7,395 7,486 7,431 7,370

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,024 6,291 6,322 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,766 9,772 9,902 9,893 10,000 10,067 9,860 9,976 10,018

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Mar.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 9,691 6,270 5,952 6.0 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 756 626 629 12.7 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.3 10.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 259 259 219 11.7 10.4 10.8 11.3 10.2 8.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 495 362 416 13.2 11.6 11.5 10.6 10.1 10.9

20 years and over................................ 8,935 5,644 5,323 5.8 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,491 1,124 1,113 10.2 7.4 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.5

25 years and over.............................. 7,313 4,657 4,139 5.2 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 5,592 3,495 3,149 5.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 2,430 1,517 1,450 6.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 1,729 1,178 984 5.1 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 1,433 800 715 4.5 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.2

55 years and over........................... 1,683 1,158 978 4.5 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.6

Men, 16 years and over............................ 5,231 3,320 3,195 6.2 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 444 347 323 15.0 10.4 11.5 11.5 11.1 10.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 126 113 109 12.4 11.1 10.7 13.5 9.0 8.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 315 234 215 16.2 10.5 12.6 10.2 12.4 10.7

20 years and over................................ 4,786 2,973 2,872 5.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 814 601 651 10.8 8.0 7.7 8.6 7.8 8.5

25 years and over.............................. 3,876 2,484 2,180 5.2 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 2,971 1,805 1,633 5.4 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 1,300 767 779 6.7 4.4 4.5 4.4 3.9 4.0

35 to 44 years............................. 917 639 535 5.0 3.9 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 754 399 320 4.5 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.3 1.9

55 years and over........................... 905 679 546 4.6 3.0 2.7 3.2 3.2 2.6

Women, 16 years and over........................ 4,461 2,950 2,757 5.9 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 312 279 306 10.4 11.4 10.4 10.2 9.4 10.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 132 147 110 11.2 9.7 10.8 9.3 11.2 8.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 180 128 201 9.9 12.7 10.2 11.0 7.6 11.2

20 years and over................................ 4,149 2,671 2,451 5.7 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 677 523 461 9.5 6.7 6.5 5.9 7.2 6.4

25 years and over.............................. 3,437 2,173 1,959 5.3 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 2,622 1,690 1,516 5.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 1,129 750 671 6.6 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.4 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 812 539 450 5.2 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.3 2.7

45 to 54 years............................. 680 400 395 4.5 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.6

55 years and over........................... 810 509 458 4.6 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,450 870 778 3.2 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,389 860 784 3.8 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.1

Women who maintain families2.................... 822 557 514 8.0 4.8 5.6 5.0 5.3 4.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 8,149 5,245 4,784 6.1 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,524 1,084 1,138 5.7 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.2

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 6,448 3,473 2,999 6,262 3,369 3,095 3,220 3,044 2,831

On temporary layoff.............................. 2,202 1,164 891 2,063 875 812 959 888 787

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 4,246 2,309 2,108 4,199 2,493 2,283 2,261 2,156 2,044

Permanent job losers.......................... 3,462 1,641 1,425 3,443 1,905 1,703 1,630 1,583 1,392

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 784 668 683 756 589 580 632 573 652

Job leavers........................................... 754 964 774 768 837 724 952 963 787

Reentrants............................................ 2,295 1,971 2,026 2,248 2,154 2,038 1,959 1,947 1,985

New entrants......................................... 407 374 370 503 452 513 433 417 463

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 65.1 51.2 48.6 64.0 49.4 48.6 49.1 47.8 46.7

On temporary layoff.............................. 22.2 17.2 14.4 21.1 12.8 12.8 14.6 13.9 13.0

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 42.9 34.0 34.2 42.9 36.6 35.8 34.5 33.8 33.7

Job leavers........................................... 7.6 14.2 12.5 7.9 12.3 11.4 14.5 15.1 13.0

Reentrants............................................ 23.2 29.1 32.8 23.0 31.6 32.0 29.8 30.6 32.7

New entrants......................................... 4.1 5.5 6.0 5.1 6.6 8.1 6.6 6.6 7.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4.0 2.1 1.8 3.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 1,876 1,980 2,003 2,204 1,985 1,977 2,417 2,131 2,289

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,142 2,158 1,850 1,950 1,703 1,571 1,607 1,800 1,684

15 weeks and over.................................. 5,886 2,644 2,315 5,572 3,063 2,788 2,507 2,437 1,999

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,610 879 830 1,371 870 780 816 735 571

27 weeks and over............................... 4,276 1,765 1,486 4,201 2,193 2,008 1,691 1,702 1,428

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 30.6 26.0 24.9 29.4 29.1 28.6 24.6 26.6 24.2

Median duration, in weeks......................... 21.6 9.9 10.0 19.1 13.4 12.9 10.1 9.6 7.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 18.9 29.2 32.5 22.7 29.4 31.2 37.0 33.5 38.3

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 21.6 31.8 30.0 20.0 25.2 24.8 24.6 28.3 28.2

15 weeks and over.................................. 59.4 39.0 37.5 57.3 45.4 44.0 38.4 38.3 33.5

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 16.3 13.0 13.4 14.1 12.9 12.3 12.5 11.5 9.6

27 weeks and over............................... 43.2 26.0 24.1 43.2 32.5 31.7 25.9 26.7 23.9

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 150,493 158,106 9,905 6,168 6.2 3.8

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 64,503 67,823 2,063 1,053 3.1 1.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 27,555 28,828 978 431 3.4 1.5

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,948 38,995 1,085 622 2.9 1.6

Service occupations................................................ 23,194 25,376 2,533 1,422 9.8 5.3

Sales and office occupations...................................... 30,520 30,920 1,982 1,313 6.1 4.1

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,503 14,489 970 656 6.3 4.3

Office and administrative support occupations............... 16,017 16,431 1,011 657 5.9 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,402 14,163 1,109 794 7.6 5.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,025 945 106 86 9.4 8.4

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,647 8,318 802 623 9.5 7.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,730 4,900 201 84 4.1 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,875 19,824 1,787 1,196 8.7 5.7

Production occupations.......................................... 7,668 8,111 583 401 7.1 4.7

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,207 11,713 1,204 795 9.7 6.4

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 9,905 6,168 6.2 3.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 8,344 5,035 6.6 3.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 100 14 15.0 2.6

Construction.......................................................................... 835 598 8.6 6.0

Manufacturing........................................................................ 780 485 5.2 3.1

Durable goods..................................................................... 427 343 4.6 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................ 353 142 6.4 2.5

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,330 881 6.7 4.6

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 630 433 8.3 5.1

Information............................................................................ 173 58 6.6 2.3

Financial activities................................................................... 346 211 3.4 2.0

Professional and business services............................................... 1,167 756 6.7 4.0

Education and health services..................................................... 937 628 3.8 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,625 771 13.0 5.9

Other services........................................................................ 421 200 6.7 3.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 111 107 7.3 7.0

Government workers................................................................... 592 324 2.7 1.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 451 331 4.4 3.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 3.7 1.6 1.4 3.5 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 4.0 2.1 1.8 3.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 6.2 4.1 3.8 6.0 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 6.5 4.4 3.9 6.3 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.8

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 7.2 5.0 4.5 7.1 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 10.9 7.6 7.1 10.7 7.7 7.3 7.1 7.2 6.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 100,606 99,170 41,538 40,947 59,067 58,223

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,576 5,502 3,169 2,571 3,407 2,931

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,783 1,281 914 649 869 632

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 488 330 282 176 207 154

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,295 951 633 473 662 479

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,004 7,496 3,405 3,686 3,599 3,810

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.4 5.0 5.1

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,030 4,231 2,128 2,248 1,902 1,983

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,627 1,818 492 639 1,135 1,179

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 357 425 193 288 164 137

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 950 968 572 485 378 483

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Change

from:

Feb.2022 -

Mar.2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,308 147,505 149,144 149,938 144,431 149,744 150,494 150,925 431

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,165 125,482 126,788 127,509 122,572 127,591 128,330 128,756 426

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,934 20,265 20,449 20,614 20,227 20,723 20,825 20,885 60

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 580 588 596 551 590 597 600 3

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 44.8 45.0 45.5 47.0 44.9 45.0 45.8 0.8

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500.5 535.6 543.3 550.4 503.7 545.5 552.1 553.9 1.8

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.1 124.9 125.3 124.4 113.8 125.1 125.8 125.4 -0.4

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.7 171.1 171.0 173.1 173.9 176.1 176.2 176.3 0.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 36.7 37.0 37.1 37.4 36.6 36.8 37.0 0.2

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.8 42.3 42.4 42.9 41.0 42.6 42.7 43.0 0.3

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.4 92.1 91.6 93.1 95.5 96.9 96.6 96.3 -0.3

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.7 239.6 247.0 252.9 216.0 244.3 250.1 252.2 2.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,162 7,192 7,284 7,392 7,408 7,552 7,609 7,628 19

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606.5 1,635.2 1,646.4 1,658.6 1,644.1 1,685.9 1,695.9 1,695.9 0.0

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838.3 859.5 868.3 869.5 858.2 885.0 892.0 889.4 -2.6

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768.2 775.7 778.1 789.1 785.9 800.9 803.9 806.5 2.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 975.5 951.5 975.5 1,005.9 1,041.1 1,056.9 1,063.6 1,068.6 5.0

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,579.5 4,605.7 4,662.3 4,727.0 4,722.3 4,809.2 4,849.7 4,863.6 13.9

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,117.4 2,127.6 2,159.4 2,195.8 2,174.2 2,212.5 2,235.8 2,246.0 10.2

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,462.1 2,478.1 2,502.9 2,531.2 2,548.1 2,596.7 2,613.9 2,617.6 3.7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,225 12,493 12,577 12,626 12,268 12,581 12,619 12,657 38

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,609 7,784 7,819 7,849 7,626 7,826 7,841 7,863 22

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.0 420.3 424.2 426.9 404.4 421.0 423.0 425.0 2.0

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.9 397.3 399.6 401.7 402.1 411.3 413.3 408.8 -4.5

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.5 356.6 360.6 359.8 346.2 357.3 360.1 359.4 -0.7

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370.3 1,407.4 1,418.4 1,425.9 1,372.8 1,415.6 1,424.7 1,428.4 3.7

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,041.4 1,068.3 1,078.0 1,077.1 1,045.7 1,072.1 1,078.7 1,080.4 1.7

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,052.0 1,063.7 1,068.7 1,068.4 1,052.8 1,067.1 1,069.4 1,069.3 -0.1

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 155.4 159.6 159.8 158.2 155.8 159.7 159.8 158.9 -0.9

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.3 84.6 84.6 84.6 85.6 84.7 84.3 84.0 -0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.9 370.7 373.7 374.3 365.9 372.8 373.8 374.3 0.5

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.8 418.7 420.0 420.5 415.3 419.4 420.6 421.0 0.4

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 30.1 30.6 30.8 30.1 30.5 31.0 31.3 0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 387.7 399.7 403.5 407.6 389.0 401.9 404.8 408.6 3.8

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,648.4 1,664.9 1,651.3 1,663.4 1,643.7 1,668.9 1,649.1 1,659.9 10.8

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966.2 982.4 965.2 976.1 962.9 984.9 968.9 975.3 6.4

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.5 380.5 384.9 386.8 369.5 382.4 386.0 388.2 2.2

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.6 625.1 629.3 631.5 599.5 628.8 632.2 634.5 2.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,616 4,709 4,758 4,777 4,642 4,755 4,778 4,794 16

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,620.4 1,649.8 1,664.4 1,664.8 1,636.0 1,664.9 1,671.8 1,674.2 2.4

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.8 98.8 99.5 99.7 96.9 99.6 100.1 100.0 -0.1

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.5 105.4 106.2 106.6 102.6 105.6 105.9 106.3 0.4

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.0 91.7 95.2 94.7 91.0 93.9 94.8 94.7 -0.1

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351.3 352.7 357.6 357.8 350.4 353.1 356.5 355.8 -0.7

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 363.9 369.4 368.4 369.1 365.4 371.8 371.8 370.8 -1.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.4 99.9 102.5 104.3 106.3 104.0 105.9 107.1 1.2

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864.9 880.3 885.3 893.2 865.2 883.5 884.9 892.1 7.2

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718.6 731.8 742.6 745.5 714.6 736.0 738.6 741.9 3.3

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.4 329.1 335.9 341.7 313.4 342.9 347.5 351.0 3.5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,231 105,217 106,339 106,895 102,345 106,868 107,505 107,871 366

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,204 28,279 28,333 28,372 27,503 28,351 28,550 28,604 54

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,609.3 5,725.1 5,751.7 5,765.5 5,635.5 5,762.3 5,781.9 5,788.9 7.0

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,084.9 3,158.8 3,171.6 3,178.2 3,095.6 3,172.9 3,180.7 3,187.5 6.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,043.3 2,089.2 2,100.1 2,103.5 2,059.5 2,112.2 2,121.0 2,119.2 -1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Change

from:

Feb.2022 -

Mar.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.1 477.1 480.0 483.8 480.4 477.2 480.2 482.2 2.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,099.1 15,636.4 15,643.6 15,689.5 15,328.6 15,716.5 15,826.8 15,875.8 49.0

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,925.0 1,930.7 1,942.5 1,957.2 1,933.7 1,954.5 1,959.8 1,964.9 5.1

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,220.4 1,219.1 1,227.6 1,234.6 1,222.5 1,228.4 1,231.8 1,235.3 3.5

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.8 159.3 162.0 166.9 164.2 170.4 170.9 171.6 0.7

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 544.8 552.3 552.9 555.7 547.0 555.8 557.1 558.0 0.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 437.6 444.5 447.1 446.3 439.6 442.0 449.5 447.9 -1.6

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 416.9 434.7 434.3 425.5 423.4 429.7 431.4 430.1 -1.3

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,402.4 1,337.6 1,360.5 1,396.3 1,406.9 1,396.2 1,404.4 1,402.5 -1.9

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,142.9 3,116.9 3,141.9 3,150.1 3,155.9 3,125.2 3,134.8 3,152.6 17.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009.7 1,086.2 1,075.2 1,066.5 1,016.7 1,076.1 1,077.4 1,072.2 -5.2

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919.6 946.4 948.8 952.8 933.0 957.7 962.4 965.3 2.9

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 959.3 1,091.9 1,051.6 1,047.9 1,009.1 1,078.8 1,087.5 1,092.0 4.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.7 540.0 531.9 526.5 517.5 537.0 540.9 542.2 1.3

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,002.0 3,242.4 3,242.5 3,250.0 3,085.4 3,226.9 3,286.1 3,305.9 19.8

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890.8 987.0 962.6 949.3 930.9 966.7 982.6 981.1 -1.5

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,111.2 2,255.4 2,279.9 2,300.7 2,154.6 2,260.2 2,303.4 2,324.8 21.4

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769.6 817.5 823.7 827.3 785.1 839.6 838.8 844.0 5.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.4 647.6 643.6 643.1 622.3 652.8 653.8 656.2 2.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,953.7 6,378.9 6,400.6 6,380.1 5,995.8 6,333.1 6,402.8 6,402.3 -0.5

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445.9 519.0 525.5 527.2 447.1 522.7 527.7 528.9 1.2

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.6 143.3 145.2 145.2 146.4 143.8 145.3 145.0 -0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 54.8 56.2 56.7 57.8 57.0 57.9 58.3 0.4

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,478.9 1,530.7 1,545.1 1,537.8 1,494.9 1,545.7 1,555.7 1,550.8 -4.9

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381.2 396.8 406.4 406.9 368.7 388.2 393.9 393.3 -0.6

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.7 49.8 48.5 49.5 49.9 50.0 48.5 -1.5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 15.8 21.3 21.9 20.3 19.8 26.5 26.5 23.8 -2.7

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 702.8 755.7 769.6 765.5 704.6 759.6 769.8 766.7 -3.1

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,065.7 1,165.7 1,109.6 1,102.5 1,099.8 1,105.9 1,115.6 1,122.3 6.7

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,611.4 1,741.9 1,771.3 1,769.5 1,607.2 1,733.8 1,760.4 1,764.7 4.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542.1 538.2 536.6 536.7 542.7 538.7 538.3 537.1 -1.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,759 2,876 2,899 2,918 2,768 2,918 2,913 2,929 16

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 783.9 804.6 805.3 810.1 785.3 806.8 808.2 811.3 3.1

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.1 390.8 402.1 412.0 332.4 422.4 417.1 425.5 8.4

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.9 229.9 238.7 237.0 236.1 232.0 235.7 235.7 0.0

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674.4 654.1 653.5 653.6 671.6 653.4 652.0 651.4 -0.6

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375.1 404.8 406.6 405.4 373.3 408.1 404.8 404.0 -0.8

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.4 391.4 392.5 399.9 369.3 395.4 395.0 401.3 6.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,686 8,804 8,848 8,863 8,733 8,865 8,895 8,911 16

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,506.7 6,534.6 6,557.2 6,555.4 6,515.9 6,548.5 6,560.5 6,562.5 2.0

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 20.7 20.6 20.7 20.7 20.9 20.7 20.8 20.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,709.0 2,710.8 2,717.5 2,713.5 2,713.4 2,711.8 2,717.1 2,716.0 -1.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,750.6 1,730.8 1,733.5 1,733.9 1,751.5 1,732.0 1,733.8 1,734.0 0.2

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,371.3 1,342.3 1,343.4 1,342.5 1,371.4 1,344.0 1,343.2 1,342.5 -0.7

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 627.7 640.5 643.2 639.3 630.6 641.0 643.0 641.7 -1.3

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 330.7 339.5 340.8 340.3 331.3 338.8 340.3 340.3 0.0

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 969.5 998.5 1,005.0 1,010.2 973.8 1,006.4 1,009.7 1,014.2 4.5

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,807.5 2,804.7 2,814.0 2,811.0 2,807.8 2,809.6 2,812.9 2,811.5 -1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,179.2 2,269.5 2,291.0 2,308.0 2,216.9 2,316.5 2,334.9 2,348.6 13.7

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,697.1 1,749.9 1,765.5 1,773.4 1,718.5 1,779.3 1,792.8 1,799.1 6.3

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461.9 499.7 505.5 514.5 477.9 516.9 521.8 529.2 7.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Change

from:

Feb.2022 -

Mar.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 20.2 19.9 20.0 20.1 20.5 20.3 20.3 20.3 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,767 21,528 21,806 21,923 21,021 21,909 22,014 22,116 102

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,710.6 10,173.8 10,273.1 10,306.2 9,697.6 10,207.5 10,236.9 10,296.8 59.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,139.8 1,168.5 1,170.1 1,172.4 1,144.1 1,174.8 1,175.2 1,176.9 1.7

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,116.6 1,101.7 1,148.4 1,167.4 1,023.6 1,065.2 1,060.1 1,078.3 18.2

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,496.4 1,577.5 1,583.0 1,587.1 1,517.6 1,598.8 1,603.2 1,609.1 5.9

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.5 144.3 145.3 146.2 136.5 146.5 146.8 148.2 1.4

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,239.8 2,377.0 2,383.6 2,374.4 2,260.0 2,379.3 2,382.9 2,395.2 12.3

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,578.2 1,699.3 1,711.9 1,721.4 1,597.3 1,713.4 1,723.5 1,738.6 15.1

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801.2 846.2 852.9 858.3 805.7 851.9 858.6 863.3 4.7

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 436.3 457.7 470.5 473.7 438.6 464.8 470.4 474.3 3.9

Other professional and technical services. . . 767.8 801.6 807.4 805.3 774.3 812.9 816.3 812.9 -3.4

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,327.7 2,347.4 2,356.9 2,362.0 2,337.2 2,355.7 2,366.9 2,370.4 3.5

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,729.1 9,006.6 9,176.2 9,254.3 8,986.6 9,346.1 9,410.3 9,448.7 38.4

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,282.3 8,551.6 8,718.8 8,791.1 8,534.0 8,884.2 8,944.5 8,979.9 35.4

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 528.1 563.2 569.9 573.0 531.9 567.8 573.5 577.1 3.6

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.1 153.4 152.4 151.9 157.0 153.2 152.8 152.3 -0.5

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,451.6 3,692.6 3,818.8 3,824.4 3,553.9 3,809.5 3,862.6 3,869.2 6.6

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,817.7 3,004.8 3,119.4 3,123.2 2,892.6 3,105.0 3,148.0 3,152.9 4.9

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818.7 807.8 807.1 802.3 821.5 801.9 803.0 803.9 0.9

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.2 142.4 144.9 147.2 132.7 146.8 149.7 149.5 -0.2

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 911.9 901.1 910.2 910.7 913.1 912.6 913.6 912.0 -1.6

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,998.8 1,992.5 2,013.8 2,072.9 2,133.9 2,185.9 2,182.0 2,204.1 22.1

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.9 298.6 301.7 308.7 290.1 306.4 307.4 311.8 4.4

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446.8 455.0 457.4 463.2 452.6 461.9 465.8 468.8 3.0

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,643 23,752 24,154 24,263 23,541 23,972 24,089 24,142 53

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,659.1 3,612.2 3,866.0 3,929.5 3,513.4 3,730.8 3,750.8 3,770.9 20.1

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,983.7 20,139.9 20,287.6 20,333.8 20,027.8 20,241.1 20,337.9 20,371.2 33.3

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,964.4 16,052.1 16,148.9 16,160.4 16,001.3 16,117.7 16,184.1 16,192.4 8.3

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,777.1 7,983.4 8,059.3 8,065.8 7,795.9 8,023.1 8,076.9 8,084.1 7.2

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,708.0 2,773.5 2,795.8 2,795.0 2,712.9 2,786.9 2,800.8 2,799.5 -1.3

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976.3 1,019.5 1,021.3 1,020.5 980.1 1,022.0 1,026.2 1,024.7 -1.5

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 982.3 1,048.7 1,063.3 1,062.8 988.8 1,054.5 1,067.0 1,069.2 2.2

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990.3 1,003.7 1,008.9 1,011.2 988.8 1,006.8 1,009.4 1,010.6 1.2

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 302.7 309.0 316.1 314.1 301.7 309.0 313.9 313.0 -0.9

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,505.7 1,515.8 1,537.1 1,545.1 1,511.8 1,528.3 1,544.1 1,550.5 6.4

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.8 313.2 316.8 317.1 311.8 315.6 315.5 316.5 1.0

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,129.1 5,116.8 5,125.8 5,136.3 5,131.4 5,126.1 5,132.2 5,137.3 5.1

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,058.2 2,951.9 2,963.8 2,958.3 3,074.0 2,968.5 2,975.0 2,971.0 -4.0

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,395.3 1,343.1 1,340.5 1,335.9 1,403.6 1,346.6 1,346.3 1,343.8 -2.5

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 613.5 591.9 596.1 593.1 614.0 595.4 596.9 593.9 -3.0

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895.1 862.7 871.1 873.4 901.0 871.0 875.2 876.7 1.5

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 154.3 154.2 156.1 155.9 155.4 155.5 156.6 156.7 0.1

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,019.3 4,087.8 4,138.7 4,173.4 4,026.5 4,123.4 4,153.8 4,178.8 25.0

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,686.9 2,705.2 2,735.5 2,757.5 2,691.6 2,727.3 2,746.9 2,764.5 17.6

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 193.6 195.9 199.2 199.9 193.0 196.3 198.7 198.8 0.1

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 267.5 270.2 272.9 275.3 270.8 276.7 277.0 278.4 1.4

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871.3 916.5 931.1 940.7 871.2 923.1 931.1 937.1 6.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,876 14,458 14,717 14,953 13,423 15,243 15,397 15,509 112

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,646.7 1,952.4 2,012.2 2,075.8 1,836.1 2,212.1 2,244.6 2,270.5 25.9

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 302.1 389.9 419.4 434.8 331.4 451.5 460.5 467.5 7.0

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.1 137.4 139.1 145.5 132.9 150.5 152.8 155.3 2.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Change

from:

Feb.2022 -

Mar.2022p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,222.5 1,425.1 1,453.7 1,495.5 1,371.8 1,610.1 1,631.3 1,647.7 16.4

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 11,229.3 12,505.6 12,704.5 12,877.1 11,586.4 13,031.1 13,152.0 13,238.3 86.3

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,272.3 1,532.1 1,561.5 1,599.7 1,367.4 1,646.0 1,672.6 1,697.6 25.0

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 9,957.0 10,973.5 11,143.0 11,277.4 10,219.0 11,385.1 11,479.4 11,540.7 61.3

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,296 5,520 5,582 5,603 5,356 5,610 5,647 5,660 13

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,312.1 1,371.2 1,397.5 1,407.9 1,319.0 1,394.8 1,409.4 1,413.8 4.4

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,290.2 1,395.5 1,415.2 1,420.6 1,309.5 1,424.6 1,436.6 1,440.4 3.8

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,693.3 2,753.0 2,769.2 2,774.9 2,727.3 2,791.0 2,800.7 2,805.5 4.8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,143 22,023 22,356 22,429 21,859 22,153 22,164 22,169 5

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,867 2,864 2,862 2,859 2,888 2,879 2,881 2,880 -1

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,262.7 2,254.0 2,253.9 2,252.0 2,279.8 2,269.0 2,269.6 2,269.2 -0.4

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.2 610.2 608.5 606.8 608.2 610.4 611.3 610.6 -0.7

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,326 5,133 5,327 5,347 5,170 5,219 5,207 5,193 -14

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,638.6 2,516.1 2,710.1 2,736.0 2,478.9 2,589.5 2,582.4 2,576.5 -5.9

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,687.3 2,617.2 2,616.9 2,610.8 2,690.9 2,629.7 2,625.0 2,616.9 -8.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,950 14,026 14,167 14,223 13,801 14,055 14,076 14,096 20

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,729.1 7,799.5 7,927.6 7,957.8 7,481.6 7,703.0 7,716.9 7,733.3 16.4

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,221.2 6,226.6 6,239.8 6,265.1 6,319.5 6,351.7 6,358.9 6,362.3 3.4

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.9 34.6 34.7 34.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.2 39.9 40.4 40.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.6 44.5 45.4 45.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.4 38.8 39.6 38.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.5 40.3 40.7 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.7 40.6 41.0 41.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.1 39.9 40.1 40.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.9 33.5 33.7 33.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.1 34.2 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.1 39.1 39.3 39.4

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.7 30.4 30.5 30.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 39.2 38.0 38.0 37.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.7 42.8 42.2 42.5

Information......................................................................... 37.1 36.9 36.9 36.9

Financial activities................................................................ 37.7 37.4 37.7 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.7 36.7 36.8 36.7

Education and health services.................................................. 33.5 33.4 33.5 33.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.2 25.8 25.9 26.0

Other services..................................................................... 32.6 32.2 32.4 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Total private............................................... $30.06 $31.56 $31.60 $31.73 $1,049.09 $1,091.98 $1,096.52 $1,097.86

Goods-producing....................................... 30.45 31.91 31.88 31.97 1,224.09 1,273.21 1,287.95 1,282.00

Mining and logging.................................. 34.30 35.90 35.75 35.75 1,564.08 1,597.55 1,623.05 1,633.78

Construction.......................................... 32.24 33.87 33.94 34.07 1,270.26 1,314.16 1,344.02 1,321.92

Manufacturing........................................ 29.20 30.57 30.46 30.55 1,182.60 1,231.97 1,239.72 1,243.39

Durable goods.................................... 30.70 32.13 31.94 32.11 1,249.49 1,304.48 1,309.54 1,316.51

Nondurable goods................................ 26.69 27.95 27.99 27.96 1,070.27 1,115.21 1,122.40 1,121.20

Private service-providing.............................. 29.97 31.48 31.54 31.67 1,015.98 1,054.58 1,062.90 1,064.11

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 25.83 27.14 27.26 27.44 891.14 925.47 932.29 932.96

Wholesale trade.................................. 33.20 34.46 34.61 34.71 1,298.12 1,347.39 1,360.17 1,367.57

Retail trade........................................ 21.50 22.59 22.72 22.89 660.05 686.74 692.96 691.28

Transportation and warehousing............... 25.76 27.47 27.66 27.79 1,009.79 1,043.86 1,051.08 1,053.24

Utilities............................................. 44.24 46.28 46.07 46.71 1,889.05 1,980.78 1,944.15 1,985.18

Information........................................... 44.06 44.77 45.18 45.17 1,634.63 1,652.01 1,667.14 1,666.77

Financial activities................................... 39.77 40.88 40.87 41.19 1,499.33 1,528.91 1,540.80 1,548.74

Professional and business services.............. 35.80 37.92 37.97 38.18 1,313.86 1,391.66 1,397.30 1,401.21

Education and health services..................... 29.46 31.22 31.25 31.24 986.91 1,042.75 1,046.88 1,046.54

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 17.60 19.43 19.45 19.68 461.12 501.29 503.76 511.68

Other services....................................... 27.22 28.37 28.31 28.18 887.37 913.51 917.24 910.21

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2022 -

Mar.

2022p

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2022 -

Mar.

2022p

Total private..................................... 107.4 110.8 111.8 111.8 0.0 154.3 167.2 168.9 169.7 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 92.6 94.2 95.9 95.4 -0.5 127.5 135.9 138.1 137.9 -0.1

Mining and logging........................ 79.0 82.5 85.2 86.2 1.2 108.7 118.9 122.2 123.7 1.2

Construction................................ 100.6 101.0 103.9 102.0 -1.8 140.9 148.6 153.2 151.0 -1.4

Manufacturing.............................. 89.4 91.2 92.4 92.7 0.3 121.4 129.7 130.9 131.7 0.6

Durable goods........................... 87.4 89.5 90.5 90.8 0.3 119.1 127.6 128.4 129.4 0.8

Nondurable goods...................... 92.9 94.7 95.6 96.0 0.4 125.8 134.3 135.8 136.1 0.2

Private service-providing.................... 111.7 115.3 116.6 116.7 0.1 162.7 176.4 178.8 179.6 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.5 105.5 106.5 106.1 -0.4 144.2 154.4 156.6 157.0 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 97.2 99.4 100.2 100.6 0.4 135.0 143.2 145.1 146.1 0.7

Retail trade.............................. 95.6 97.0 98.0 97.4 -0.6 135.8 144.8 147.2 147.3 0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 135.0 138.3 139.8 139.4 -0.3 177.0 193.2 196.7 197.1 0.2

Utilities.................................... 100.3 99.8 98.3 98.8 0.5 146.5 152.5 149.6 152.4 1.9

Information................................. 93.8 98.3 98.2 98.7 0.5 147.1 156.8 157.9 158.8 0.6

Financial activities......................... 107.9 108.6 109.9 109.8 -0.1 167.3 173.2 175.2 176.4 0.7

Professional and business services..... 121.0 126.1 127.0 127.3 0.2 175.3 193.6 195.3 196.7 0.7

Education and health services........... 128.8 130.7 131.8 132.1 0.2 182.5 196.4 198.1 198.5 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 100.3 112.2 113.8 115.1 1.1 142.5 175.9 178.5 182.7 2.4

Other services............................. 100.7 104.2 105.5 105.4 -0.1 150.2 161.9 163.7 162.8 -0.5

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Total nonfarm............................................. 71,794 74,460 74,839 75,110 49.7 49.7 49.7 49.8

Total private............................................ 59,192 61,622 61,988 62,247 48.3 48.3 48.3 48.3

Goods-producing.................................... 4,587 4,732 4,765 4,793 22.7 22.8 22.9 22.9

Mining and logging............................... 75 77 78 77 13.6 13.1 13.1 12.8

Construction....................................... 996 1,049 1,059 1,060 13.4 13.9 13.9 13.9

Manufacturing..................................... 3,516 3,606 3,628 3,656 28.7 28.7 28.8 28.9

Durable goods.................................. 1,860 1,913 1,921 1,945 24.4 24.4 24.5 24.7

Nondurable goods............................. 1,656 1,693 1,707 1,711 35.7 35.6 35.7 35.7

Private service-providing........................... 54,605 56,890 57,223 57,454 53.4 53.2 53.2 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,798 11,214 11,311 11,346 39.3 39.6 39.6 39.7

Wholesale trade................................ 1,692.4 1,736.3 1,744.3 1,748.8 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.2

Retail trade..................................... 7,435.9 7,661.4 7,722.3 7,739.5 48.5 48.7 48.8 48.8

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,535.4 1,680.8 1,709.6 1,723.5 25.6 26.5 26.7 26.9

Utilities........................................... 134.7 135.1 134.8 134.6 24.8 25.1 25.0 25.1

Information......................................... 1,103 1,153 1,149 1,165 39.8 39.5 39.4 39.8

Financial activities................................ 4,930 4,953 4,962 4,972 56.5 55.9 55.8 55.8

Professional and business services............ 9,685 10,130 10,184 10,226 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.2

Education and health services.................. 18,122 18,409 18,489 18,541 77.0 76.8 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,126 8,046 8,123 8,190 53.1 52.8 52.8 52.8

Other services..................................... 2,841 2,985 3,005 3,014 53.0 53.2 53.2 53.3

Government............................................. 12,602 12,838 12,851 12,863 57.7 58.0 58.0 58.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Total private............................................................................... 99,573 103,972 104,531 104,919

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,418 14,834 14,899 14,975

Mining and logging.................................................................. 403 443 448 454

Construction.......................................................................... 5,497 5,595 5,618 5,636

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,518 8,796 8,833 8,885

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,196 5,403 5,416 5,454

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,322 3,393 3,417 3,431

Private service-providing.............................................................. 85,155 89,138 89,632 89,944

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,177 23,926 24,095 24,131

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,481.7 4,589.6 4,604.6 4,615.8

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,021.7 13,359.7 13,455.0 13,485.5

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,243.2 5,548.2 5,606.8 5,601.5

Utilities.............................................................................. 430.6 428.7 428.5 428.5

Information............................................................................ 2,191 2,315 2,311 2,326

Financial activities................................................................... 6,610 6,665 6,692 6,706

Professional and business services............................................... 16,752 17,546 17,600 17,671

Education and health services..................................................... 20,561 20,897 20,962 21,006

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 11,563 13,250 13,403 13,512

Other services........................................................................ 4,301 4,539 4,569 4,592

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.0 34.2 34.1

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 40.7 41.4 41.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.7 46.1 47.1 47.8

Construction....................................................................... 39.9 39.6 40.6 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.7 41.2 41.6 41.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.9 41.3 41.8 42.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 41.0 41.3 41.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 32.9 33.0 33.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 33.9 34.2 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 39.2 39.3 39.4

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.0 30.3 30.8 30.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 37.6 37.7 37.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.7 42.6 41.9 42.0

Information......................................................................... 36.3 36.7 36.6 36.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.3 37.5 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.3 36.4 36.4 36.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.7 32.5 32.6 32.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 24.6 24.7 24.8

Other services..................................................................... 31.6 31.2 31.3 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Total private............................................... $25.35 $26.87 $26.95 $27.06 $872.04 $913.58 $921.69 $922.75

Goods-producing....................................... 26.00 27.31 27.42 27.50 1,071.20 1,111.52 1,135.19 1,127.50

Mining and logging.................................. 30.47 32.02 32.13 32.36 1,422.95 1,476.12 1,513.32 1,546.81

Construction.......................................... 29.84 31.44 31.60 31.68 1,190.62 1,245.02 1,282.96 1,245.02

Manufacturing........................................ 23.40 24.51 24.56 24.71 975.78 1,009.81 1,021.70 1,030.41

Durable goods.................................... 24.41 25.61 25.63 25.88 1,022.78 1,057.69 1,071.33 1,086.96

Nondurable goods................................ 21.80 22.76 22.85 22.83 902.52 933.16 943.71 940.60

Private service-providing.............................. 25.21 26.78 26.86 26.97 836.97 881.06 886.38 890.01

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.84 23.35 23.45 23.53 753.48 791.57 801.99 800.02

Wholesale trade.................................. 27.34 28.53 28.76 28.86 1,063.53 1,118.38 1,130.27 1,137.08

Retail trade........................................ 18.13 19.28 19.41 19.45 562.03 584.18 597.83 591.28

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.84 25.22 25.38 25.38 888.48 948.27 956.83 956.83

Utilities............................................. 39.86 41.34 40.67 40.85 1,702.02 1,761.08 1,704.07 1,715.70

Information........................................... 36.88 37.13 37.16 37.11 1,338.74 1,362.67 1,360.06 1,358.23

Financial activities................................... 30.07 31.23 31.42 31.86 1,124.62 1,164.88 1,178.25 1,194.75

Professional and business services.............. 29.91 31.85 31.95 32.08 1,085.73 1,159.34 1,162.98 1,167.71

Education and health services..................... 26.41 28.30 28.36 28.41 863.61 919.75 924.54 926.17

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.28 17.17 17.31 17.56 378.94 422.38 427.56 435.49

Other services....................................... 23.37 24.35 24.47 24.28 738.49 759.72 765.91 759.96

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2022 -

Mar.

2022p

Mar.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022p

Mar.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2022 -

Mar.

2022p

Total private..................................... 114.1 117.8 119.1 119.2 0.1 193.4 211.6 214.6 215.6 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 90.8 92.3 94.3 93.8 -0.5 144.5 154.3 158.3 158.0 -0.2

Mining and logging........................ 100.0 108.5 112.1 115.3 2.9 177.2 202.1 209.5 217.0 3.6

Construction................................ 109.8 110.9 114.2 110.9 -2.9 176.9 188.3 194.9 189.7 -2.7

Manufacturing.............................. 81.5 83.2 84.4 85.1 0.8 124.8 133.3 135.5 137.4 1.4

Durable goods........................... 81.8 83.8 85.0 86.1 1.3 124.6 134.0 136.1 139.0 2.1

Nondurable goods...................... 81.0 82.0 83.1 83.3 0.2 124.8 131.8 134.3 134.4 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 120.5 125.0 126.0 126.5 0.4 208.3 229.5 232.2 233.9 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 111.8 113.4 115.2 114.7 -0.4 174.5 189.3 193.1 192.9 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 103.5 106.8 107.4 107.9 0.5 167.0 179.8 182.3 183.9 0.9

Retail trade.............................. 102.2 102.4 104.9 103.7 -1.1 158.7 169.2 174.4 172.9 -0.9

Transportation and warehousing...... 154.4 157.9 160.0 159.8 -0.1 224.4 253.4 258.4 258.2 -0.1

Utilities.................................... 94.0 93.4 91.8 92.0 0.2 156.4 161.2 155.9 156.9 0.6

Information................................. 90.8 97.0 96.5 97.2 0.7 165.7 178.2 177.6 178.5 0.5

Financial activities......................... 116.4 117.0 118.1 118.4 0.3 215.2 224.8 228.3 232.0 1.6

Professional and business services..... 136.0 142.8 143.2 143.8 0.4 241.8 270.5 272.2 274.4 0.8

Education and health services........... 143.4 144.8 145.7 146.0 0.2 249.9 270.5 272.7 273.8 0.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 105.0 119.4 121.3 122.7 1.2 182.3 232.8 238.4 244.8 2.7

Other services............................. 95.3 99.3 100.3 100.8 0.5 162.3 176.2 178.8 178.3 -0.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.